cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of an Ozonated Water System for Antimicrobial Treatment of Durum Wheat

Ozonated water is reported to be effective in reducing the microbial load in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. Ozonated water may be an effective alternative to chlorinated water in treating durum wheat before milling. Therefore, durum wheat was washed with ozonated water and analyzed for yeast and mold count (YMC) and aerobic plate count (APC). A system for producing and monitoring ozonated water was developed. The effect of water quality (tap, distilled, and ultra-pure), temperature (7, 15, and 25 degrees C), and pH (2, 4, and 6.5) was evaluated on the following: steady-state dissolved ozone concentration, ozone decay constant, half-life, mass transfer coefficient, equilibrium ozone concentration, and solubility ratio. The study of these parameters was important to attain a stable, high dissolved ozone concentration at the outset of washing and to have information for system improvement and scale-up. A 1% acetic acid solution (pH 2) at 15 degrees C resulted in high dissolved ozone concentration (21.8 mg/L) and long half-life (9.2 min). Subsequently, wheat was washed with 5 wash water types: distilled water, ozonated water (16.5 mg/L), chlorinated water (700 mg/L), acetic acid solution (1%), and acetic acid + ozonated water (1%, 20.5 mg/L). The treated samples were analyzed for YMC and APC. The acetic acid + ozonated water treatment was the most effective, with a reduction of 4.1 and 3.2 log(10) colony forming units/g in YMC and APC, respectively. Though ozonated water was not very effective alone, it was useful in combination with acetic acid.
Aesthetic and moral value in Bonnie and Clyde

(1968). Aesthetic and moral value in Bonnie and Clyde. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 220-225.
Targeted therapies: Biomarkers in NSCLC for selecting cetuximab therapy.

A phase III trial investigated the efficacy of carboplatin and a taxane with and without cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against EGFR, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. This trial did not reveal an improvement in the primary end point of progression-free survival (according to an independent radiological review committee) with the addition of cetuximab to the carboplatin and taxane regimen. A retrospective investigation of potential biomarkers did not reveal any significant association between these biomarkers and cetuximab efficacy.
The effect of airborne sulphur and nitrogen deposition on aquatic and terrestrial heathland vegetation

As research on the effects of acidification on healthlands is scarce, the data discussed mainly concern western Europe and particularly the Netherlands. The change from heather into grass dominated healthlands appeared to be caused by the high atmospheric nitrogen enrichment. Acidification of oligotrophic, poorly buffered pools in heathland areas finally results in the disappearance of all submerged plant species, caused by the too low CO2 levels in the water layer. The vitality of the pine-forests decreases; apart from the premature shedding of needles as a result of nutrient deficiences, they become more susceptible to secondary stress factors such as NH3, O3, drought and fungal diseases.
Characterization of ribosomal precursor particles from HeLa cell nucleoli.

Abstract Ribosomal precursor particles from HeLa cell nucleoli were characterized on the basis of their size, buoyant density and protein content. The nucleolar 80 s and 55 s particles contain more protein than the finished cytoplasmic ribosomes. Reconstruction experiments with excess ribosomal RNA or ribosomal subunits show that the proteins on the nucleolar 80 s and 55 s particles do not arise from non-specific adsorption onto the RNA or protein-protein interaction. The “extra proteins” on the nucleolar particles are distinct from the ribosomal proteins on the basis of their size and labeling kinetics. Similar analysis of nucleolar proteins from the non-particulate regions indicates that these ribosomal proteins flow through the nucleolus while the non-ribosomal polypeptides are re-utilized. The latter may have a role in the processing of nucleolar precursors to cytoplasmic ribosomes.
M(atrix) theory on T6 and a m(atrix) theory description of KK monopoles

Abstract We discuss M(atrix) theory compactification on T 6 . This theory is described by the large N limit of the world-volume theory, of N Kaluza-Klein monopoles in eleven dimensions. We discuss the BPS states, and their arrangement in E 6 multiplets. We then propose the formulation of the world-volume theory of KK monopoles in eleven dimensions that decouples from the bulk. This is given by a large N 1 m(atrix) theory with eight supercharges, corresponding to the quantum mechanics theory of N 1 zero-branes inside the Type IIA Kaluza-Klein monopole. Various limits of the construction are considered.
Traditions of reform in U.S. teacher education

Four traditions of reform in 20th century teacher education in the United States are described: academic, social efficiency, developmentalist, and social reconstructionist. Each tradition is il lustrated with examples from both early to mid-century and contemporary teacher education programs. It is argued that this framework of reform traditions can help clarify some important differences among ideas and practices in teacher education that appear on the surface to be similar.
Radiofrequency pulse designs for three-dimensional MRI providing uniform tipping in inhomogeneous B₁ fields.

Although high-field MRI offers increased signal-to-noise (S/N), the non-uniform tipping produced by conventional RF pulses leads to spatially dependent contrast and sub-optimal S/N, thus complicating the interpretation of the MR images. For structural imaging, 3D sequences which do not make use of frequency-selective RF pulses have become popular. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop non-slice-selective (NSS) RF pulses with immunity to both B1 inhomogeneity and resonance offset. To accomplish this, an optimization routine based on optimal control theory was used to design new NSS pulses with desired ranges of immunity to B1 inhomogeneity and resonance offset. The design allows the phase of transverse magnetization produced by the pulses to vary. While the emphasis is on shallow tip designs, new designs for 30°, 60°, 90° and 180° degree NSS RF pulses are also provided. These larger tip angle pulses are compared with recently published NSS pulses. Evidence is presented that the pulses presented in this article have equivalent performance but are shorter than the recently published pulses. Although the NSS pulses generate higher specific absorption rates (SAR) and larger magnetization transfer (MT) effects than the rectangular pulses they replace, they nevertheless show promise for 3D MRI experiments at high field.
Optimizing wireless networks for heterogeneous spatial loads

Large-scale wireless networks must be designed such that there are no gaps in coverage. It is also desirable to minimize the number of access points used in order to minimize the cost of equipment, installation and maintenance. In this paper, we propose a grid-based approximation algorithm to compute the placement of access points. The algorithm minimizes the number of access points required while ensuring that the received SNR at each location is sufficient to meet the offered load at that location. The algorithm can be used when the offered load is spatially non-homogenous or when access points can be operated in different modes. The proposed algorithm is guaranteed to find a solution with at most O(copt log copt) access points, if there exists a solution to the access point placement problem using copt access points.
Multiple effects of an identified proprioceptor upon gastric pattern generation in spiny lobsters.

1. Using deafferented preparations of the stomatogastric nervous system of spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus), we stimulated the central soma of the Anterior Gastric Receptor neuron (AGR) and analyzed sensorimotor integration in the gastric central pattern generator during rhythm production. 2. Driving AGR to spike tonically at lower frequencies (10–20 /s) accelerated the gastric rhythm, while higher frequencies (>30 /s) suppressed it. 3. Shorter spike trains in AGR evoked phase-dependent resetting of the gastric rhythm. Repetitive trains could entrain rhythms to both longer and shorter cycle periods. Some pattern-generating effects are consistent with effects upon the lateral gastric neuron, an influential member of the gastric mill network. 4. AGR affected the burst intensity of many of the gastric neurons in specific, complex ways. Some powerstroke motor neurons were excited because AGR activated excitatory, premotor interneurons (E cells). However, AGR also activated parallel, seemingly inhibitory inputs, whose mechanism remains unclear. Still other effects on motor neurons may be mediated partly by synaptic interactions within the network. 5. AGR adjusts the timing, strength and coordination of bursts in the motor innervation of all three teeth of the gastric mill, and may act to optimize the force of chewing to different consistencies of food.
Coding strategies for the uniform noise rewritable channel with hidden state

Many storage channels admit reading and rewriting of the content at a given cost. We consider rewritable channels with uniform write noise and a hidden state which models the unknown characteristics of the memory cell. In addition to mitigating the effect of the write noise, rewrites can help the write controller obtain a better estimate of the hidden state. We present two coding strategies, each of which yields a lower bound on the rewrite capacity. We show that the second strategy is asymptotically optimal as the number of rewrites gets large.
Linking and messaging from real paper in the Paper PDA

It is well known that paper is a very fluid, natural, and easy to use medium for manipulating some kinds of information. It is familiar, portable, flexible, inexpensive, and offers good readability properties. Paper also has well known limitations when compared with electronic media. Work in hybrid paper electronic interfaces seeks to bring electronic capabilities to real paper in order to obtain the best properties of each. This paper describes a hybrid paper electronic system — the Paper PDA — which is designed to allow electronic capabilities to be employed within a conventional paper notebook, calendar, or organizer. The Paper PDA is based on a simple observation: a paper notebook can be synchronized with a body of electronic information much like an electronic PDA can be synchronized with information hosted on a personal computer. This can be accomplished by scanning, recognizing and processing its contents, then printing a new copy. This paper introduces the Paper PDA concept and considers interaction techniques and applications designed to work within the Paper PDA. The StickerLink technique supports on-paper hyperlinking using removable paper stickers. Two applications are also considered which look at aspects of electronic communications via the Paper PDA.
Additive feeding inhibitory and aversive effects of naltrexone and exendin-4 combinations.

One developing strategy for obesity treatment has been to use combinations of differently acting pharmacotherapies to improve weight loss with fewer adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of naltrexone (Nal), an opioid antagonist acting on the reward system, and exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist acting on satiety signaling, would produce larger reductions in food intake than either alone in rats. Because the anorectic potencies of both compounds have been associated with nausea and malaise, the influence of these drug combinations on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was also determined. In Experiment 1, the acute anorectic effects of Nal (0.32–3.2 mg kg−1; intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and Ex-4 (1–10 μg kg−1; i.p.) were assessed alone or in combination. Combinational doses were further investigated by the repeated daily administration of 1 mg kg−1 Nal+3.2 μg kg−1 Ex-4 for 4 days. In Experiment 2, both compounds alone or in combination were used as unconditioned stimuli in a series of CTA tests. Nal and Ex-4, alone or in combination, suppressed food intake in a dose-dependent manner, and the interaction on food intake between Nal and Ex-4 was additive. In the CTA paradigm, Nal (1 mg kg−1) alone did not support acquisition, whereas a CTA was evident with doses of Ex-4 (1 or 3.2 μg kg−1). Combinations of Nal and Ex-4 also resulted in a more rapid and robust acquisition of a CTA. Given that the Nal and Ex-4 combination produces additive effects on not only food intake reduction but also food aversion learning, this specific drug combination does not have the benefit of minimizing the adverse effects associated with each individual drug. These data suggest that it is necessary to evaluate both the positive and adverse effects at early stages of combinational drug development.
T-ing up inflammation in fat.

Obesity generates a proinflammatory environment in adipose tissue, but the factors that initiate this inflammatory cascade have been unclear. Three studies now show that alterations in the composition of adipose tissue T cells occur early in obesity and shape the relationship between immunity and metabolism (pages 914–920, 921–929 and 930–939).
Online estimation of power transmission line parameters, temperature and sag

This paper puts forward a framework for estimating transmission line parameters (including series resistance, reactance and shunt susceptance), line temperature and sag utilizing synchronous voltage and current phasors measured by the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in real time. Transmission line parameters are essential inputs to various power system analyses and applications such as power flow analyses and protective relaying applications. The estimated line temperature and sag can be utilized in dynamic thermal rating applications for increased power transfer. Different types of transmission line topology are classified and modeled to facilitate the development of corresponding algorithms. The proposed least square algorithms harness the nonlinear optimal estimation theory, and are capable of detecting and identifying bad measurement data, minimizing the impact of measurement errors and thus significantly improving the estimation accuracy. In addition, this paper studies an optimal approach for placing PMUs in order to determine the line parameters, temperature and sag. Numerical examples and preliminary results are presented.
Connecting developmental trajectories: Biases in face processing from infancy to adulthood

The nature of the developmental trajectory of face recognition abilities from infancy through adulthood is multifaceted and currently not well understood. We argue that the understanding of this trajectory can be greatly informed by taking a more functionalist approach in which the influence of age-appropriate developmental tasks and goals are considered. To build this argument, we provide a focused review of developmental change across several important biases within face processing (species, race, age, and gender biases) from infancy through adulthood. We show that no existing theoretical framework can simultaneously and parsimoniously explain these very different trajectories and relative degrees of plasticity. We offer several examples of infant- and adolescent-specific developmental tasks that we predict have an essential influence on the content and description of information that individuals need to extract from faces at these very different developmental stages. Finally, we suggest that this approach may provide a unique opportunity to study the role of early experience in (i.e., age of acquisition effects) and the quality and range of experiences that are critical for shaping behaviors through the course of development, from infancy to adulthood.
Properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the central nervous system of Manduca sexta.

Abstract The properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were studied in soluble and particulate fractions from the central nervous system of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). It was determined that: (1) The highest levels of phosphodiesterase occur in nervous tissue. (2) The total and specific enzyme activities of larval and adult brains are greater than those of the remaining ganglia. (3) Specific central nervous system phosphodiesterase activities of the adult are lower than those of the larva, but both protein and total phosphodiesterase contents are considerably greater in the adult central nervous system. (4) Mg 2+ is not absolutely required for either cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase or cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase activity. (5) Phosphodiesterase is inhibited by a variety of physiological and non-physiological compounds, nucleoside triphosphates being particularly effective. Some potent inhibitors of mammalian phosphodiesterase are comparatively ineffective toward Manduca sexta phosphodiesterase. (6) Kinetic analyses of soluble and particulate phosphodiesterase revealed non-linear double-reciprocal plots for the hydrolysis of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, with Michaelis constants of approximately 10 μM and 20 μM. (7) The hydrolysis of both cyclic nucleotides appears in part to be the function of a single enzyme or related enzymes in the insect central nervous system. It follows that the intracellular level of one cyclic nucleotide may influence the concentration of the other by inhibiting its degradation.
Lysis of plasminogen activator-resistant platelet-rich coronary artery thrombus with combined bolus injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa antibody.

Abstract Resistance of coronary occlusive thrombus to thrombolytic therapy, found in some patients with acute myocardial infarction, may be due to the presence of platelet-rich coronary clot. Reperfusion therapy in such patients may require the development and evaluation of alternative strategies in animal models. Therefore, platelet-rich coronary artery thrombus was developed by excision, eversion (inside out) and reanastomosis of a 1 cm segment of the left circumflex coronary artery in anesthetized dogs maintained on heparin anticoagulation. Blood flow was restored in 25 of 27 dogs. Thrombotic occlusion of the everted segment graft with primarily plateletrich thrombus or thrombus containing platelet-rich and erythrocyle-rich zones, persisting for at least 30 min, occurred within 4.5 ± 3.5 nun (mean ± SD) in 20 of these 25 dogs. In 5 of these 20 dogs (group I, control), stable occlusion, as monitored with an ultrasound flow probe and coronary angiography, was maintained during a 2 h observation period. In group II (n = 5), intravenous bolus injections of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) at a dose of 0.45 mg/kg body weight at four 15 min intervals did not cause reperfusion in four dogs and produced cyclic reperfusion and reocdusfcm in one dog. In group III (n = 5), a single intravenous bolus injection of 0.8 mg/kg of the F(ab')2 fragment of a murine monoclonal antibody (7E3) against the human platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor [7E3-F(ab')2] produced stable reperfusion in two of the five dogs, whereas occlusion persisted in the other three. In group IV (n = 5), injection of 7E3-F(ab')2 (0.8 mg/kg) followed by rt-PA (0.45 mg/kg) caused stable reperfusion without reocclusion in all dogs (p This study confirms ihat platelet-rich occlusive coronary thrombus is very resistant to lysis with intravenous rt-PA. However, this resistance may be overcome by the combined use of a reduced dose of rt-PA and the antiplatelet GPIIb/ IlIa receptor antibody 7E3. The results indicate that platelet-rich thrombus resistant to thrombolytlc agents may be dispersed pharmacologically without resort to mechanical recanalization. The present dog model may be useful in investigating specific strategies for the dispersion of resistant platelet-rich coronary thrombus.
Cavernous haemangioma associated with congenital talipes equino varus: A challenge for the Ponseti method of treatment

Talipes equino varus is a complex deformity occurring in an otherwise normal child or as part of many prenatal disorders [1]. It has four components: equinus, varus, adductus, and cavus. Regardless of the treatment technique the goal is to correct all components of the deformity so that the patient has a plantigrade foot, without the need to wear orthosis or modified shoes [2]. We report the case of a patient with talipes equino varus of the right foot whose treatment using serial casting was complicated because of a cavernous haemangioma. The cavernous haemangioma ulcerated and became infected prolonging the treatment. Despite this complication we persisted with gentle manipulation and serial casting (Ponsetti method) and achieved a good result. To the best of our knowledge the management of this complication associated with a haemangioma and occurring during the treatment of talipes equino varus using the Ponseti method has not been previously reported in the literature. Our patient’s parents were informed that data concerning their daughter’s case might be submitted for publication.
LD'S—What Happens when they are no longer Children?

An examination of existing research on the LD adult in terms of educational, vocational, social and other implications
Motivation, language identity and the L2 self

Motivation, language identity and the L2 self, edited by Z. Dornyei and E. Ushioda, Clevedon, Multilingual Matters, 2009, xii + 364 pp., US$179.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-84769-128-6; US$69.95 (pape...
Viscosity and Gelling Characteristics of Sunflower Pectin As Affected by Chemical and Physical Factors

The effect of pH, buffer solution, buffer concentration, pectin concentration, and heating on the viscosity of sunflower pectin was studied. The sunflower pectin in all buffers and at all buffer concentrations had the highest viscosities at pH 3. Generally, the viscosity increased with the increase of pectin concentration. The effect of buffer concentration on viscosity was dependent upon the pH, pectin concentration, and heating. Sunflower pectin in sodium citrate buffer had a higher viscosity than pectin in other buffers. The effect of heating on viscosity was dependent upon the pH of the buffer. Gelling heat reversibility of the isolated sunflower pectin was determined and compared with that of two commercial citrus pectins. Jellies of sunflower pectin had good heat reversibility over a wide range of pH values (2.5−5.4). These results indicated that sunflower pectin has a high potential for producing low-calorie jellies. Keywords: Sunflower pectin; viscosity; gelling
Hemodynamic effects and long‐term outcome of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation

Background: The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been identified as a predictor of a suboptimal result in some patients undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in the treatment of symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. Hypothesis: Atrial fibrillation adversely affects the short-and long-term outcome of patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 104 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was performed. A successful procedure was defined as a final mitral valve area ≤ 1.5 cm2 and the absence of a complication. Endpoints included freedom from mitral valve replacement, death, and repeat balloon valvuloplasty at 5 years. Results: A successful procedure was obtained in 89% of patients with sinus rhythm and in 78% of patients with AF (p = NS). Patients in sinus rhythm had a greater cardiac output resulting in a larger final valve area than patients in AF (1.8 vs. 1.6 cm2, p<0.05). Freedom from valve replacement, death, and repeat balloon valvuloplasty at 5 years was 75% for patients in AF and 76% for patients in sinus rhythm (p = NS). Lower postprocedure mitral regurgitation grade and absence of prior commissurotomy were the only independent predictors of event-free survival. Conclusions: Patients with mitral stenosis and AF have lower cardiac outputs and gradients than patients with sinus rhythm, despite similar valve areas. The long-term outcome of balloon valvuloplasty is independent of the initial cardiac rhythm.
3DSF: three-dimensional spatiotemporal fusion

In this paper we explore image fusion methods for 3D LIDAR sensors, thermal sensors, and visible color sensors. Traditional display methods are demonstrated in contrast to the proposed robust representations. The new fused representations make full use of the display gamut of a color monitor. In addition, a data transformation on 3D LIDAR points is demonstrated which ports hard sensor data into information space. The LIDAR data is classified and clustered in a hierarchical fashion, which allows temporal and spatial coherent fusion with soft sensor data.
Electric control of magnetization via control of carriers' spectrum anisotropy

The current state of information technology accentuates dichotomy between processing and storage of information, with logical operations performed by charge-based devices and non-volatile memory based on magnetic materials. The major obstacle for a wider use o f magnetic materials for information processing is the lack of efficient control of magnetization. Reorientation of magnetic domains is conventionally perform ed by no n-local external magnetic fields or by externally polarized currents [1–3]. Efficiency of the latter approach is greatly enhanced in materials where ferromagnetism is carrier-mediated [4]. In the latter case anisotropy of carrier s' spectrum is transferred into the magnetic anisotropy of magnetic ions. For example, in magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As magnetic Mn ions haved configuration and their total orb ital moment is zero. Therefore, magnetic an isotropy originates from the spin-related anisotropy of the holes spectrum. This anisotropy is strain-dependent [5] and, as we show in this work, can be controlled electrostatically in multi-ferroic strain-coupled devices. In addition, in strained crystalline materials without the center of i nversion there is a coupling between spin and kinetic momentum of carriers (spin-orbit interactions), wh ich results in finite polarization and anisotropic modification of hole spectrum in the presence of current [5–7]. In this work we demonstrated two types of magnetization control: in device A uniaxial strain is applied by a strain-coupled piezoelectric material and magnetization direction is controlled by electrostatic voltages; in device B magnetization is controlled by spin-orbit effective field generated intrinsically by non-polarized dc current. In both cases we report reversible manipulation of magnetization direction, which demonstrates a direct implementation of a nonvolatile memory cell.
Testing a numerical glacial hydrological model using spring speed-up events and outburst floods

[1] We describe a numerical model of a glacial-hydrologic system that reproduces the salient features of two hydrological and ice motion events commonly observed on temperate alpine glaciers. These include the pattern of ice sliding and water discharge characteristic of spring speed-up events, and the triggering and structure of outburst floods from ice-marginal lakes. These behaviors result from strong internal feedbacks between water storage in englacial macro-pores or an ice-marginal lake, ice motion by sliding and deformation, and a subglacial hydrologic system consisting of a slow-flow linked cavity network and a fast-flow centerline conduit.
Katrina and the Schools of Mississippi: An Examination of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness

Faculty members from the University of Southern Mississippi conducted extensive research into emergency planning and disaster preparedness in P–12 schools in Mississippi before and after Hurricane Katrina. Findings disclosed that although few schools had no crisis management plans, a significant number that had emergency plans did not include provisions for large-scale disasters. Many schools had outdated plans. Respondents rated the effectiveness of crisis management plans in relation to Hurricane Katrina. The most highly rated features included the roles played by school leaders, the effectiveness of the administrative “chain of command,” and interpreting the storm's impact to the media. The most frequently cited areas of inadequacy included communication channels for administration, staff, and parents; dealing with electrical, fuel, and other energy needs; and the inability to operate independently for a sustained period of time in the wake of the storm. Study participants made policy and action recomm...
Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty after 2 previously rejected femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasties.

PURPOSE To report on a patient with a welding flash burn with subsequent scarring and edema who twice underwent femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FLAK). Both grafts failed due to endothelial decompensation. He subsequently underwent successful Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) under the second FLAK graft to decrease rejection risk and prevent further full-thickness keratoplasty. METHODS A 51-year-old man with a history of 2 FLAK procedures with subsequent graft failures likely from noncompliance with postoperative medications had diffuse microcystic edema with a visual acuity of counting fingers at 5 feet. The patient underwent DSAEK procedure 4 months after the second FLAK procedure. RESULTS No dehiscence occurred during second laser trephination of cornea. Sections of mild misalignment between the first and second FLAK graft trephinations were noted on optical coherence tomography. Post-DSAEK, the patient had a rapidly clearing, well-attached graft with mild temporal overlap of the graft-host interface. All sutures were removed from the overlying FLAK graft by 3 months after DSAEK (7 months after repeat FLAK). At 9 months post-DSAEK, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/30. CONCLUSIONS Early secondary femtosecond laser trephination after first FLAK is possible even if the second graft is misaligned. A crescent remnant of the original graft was well-healed into the host cornea 7.5 months after the original surgery. The 3-month-old second FLAK graft was able to support a DSAEK surgery and rapid postoperative visual recovery. All sutures were removed from the cornea by 7 months after the second FLAK surgery.
AREVA’s Modularized Fatigue Monitoring for Lifetime Extension and Flexible Plant Operation

For plant lifetime extension programs, AREVA provides a customized solution for thermal load monitoring and fatigue calculation. Requirements like environmental assisted fatigue effects or flexible plant operation (load following) have crucial impacts for a detailed fatigue assessment. With a modularized monitoring concept and automated simplified fatigue estimation technique, plant components can be monitored very cost efficiently with validated methodologies, providing flexible, fast and accurate results. The layout of the modularized monitoring system is simplified and different options can be added on demand. With the automated fatigue assessment, thermal transients can be classified and a cumulative usage factor can be estimated on-line. With the help of this method, the impact of thermal transients to the component fatigue can be evaluated just in time. That can be a piece of important information to get for a better knowledge about the plant behavior during flexible operating (load following) modes.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Theory of matter in Weyl spacetime

Weyl's geometry of spacetime is reconsidered based on a novel geometric coupling between the Weyl vector and fermions. Starting from a manifestly Weyl-invariant action for the metric, Weyl field, spinors, and other fields, we introduce and define this coupling: the square root of the scalar Weyl curvature. An important consideration in this development is the reduction of the Weylian to an effective Riemannian structure for spacetime, without trivializing the role of the Weyl field. The aim of this reduction is to make contact with Einstein gravity for the metric sector of the theory. This is achieved by appealing to a dynamical-symmetry-breaking mechanism. The resulting spacetime is Riemannian, the Weyl field survives as a massive vector, and the geometric coupling to fermions decomposes into an admixture of vector and pseudovector couplings. Internal consistency of the field equations further narrows down the class of fermions which can couple to the Weyl vector: these can only be spinors of a fixed chirality. We tentatively identify them with the standard-model neutrinos. Analysis of couplings to other types of fields and particles indicates that the Weyl field is a form of dark matter.
BOOTSTRAPPING THE MODE

The problem of constructing bootstrap confidence intervals for the mode of a density is considered. Estimates of the mode are derived from kernel density estimates based on fixed and data-dependent bandwidths. The asymptotic validity of bootstrap techniques to estimate the sampling distribution of the estimates is investigated. In summary, the results are negative in the sense that a straightforward application of a naive bootstrap yields invalid inferences. In particular, the bootstrap fails if resampling is done from the kernel density estimate. On the other hand, if one resamples from a smoother kernel density estimate (which is necessarily different from the one which yields the original estimate of the mode), the bootstrap is consistent. The bootstrap also fails if resampling is done from the empirical distribution, unless the choice of bandwidth is suboptimal. Similar results hold when applying bootstrap techniques to other functionals of a density.
Slightly open, penny-shaped crack in an infinite solid under biaxial compression

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of a slightly open, penny-shaped crack in an infinite solid under in-plane biaxial compression. It presents an analytical model using the equations of elastic stability to determine the stress intensity factor for a specific shape of a slightly open crack surface. This model employs mathematical techniques appropriate for mixed boundary value problems.
AN INQUIRY INTO THE RELEVANCY OF CURRENT ENGLISH INSTRUCTION

Any innovative curriculum to be designed for the training of English teachers in urban schools should consider at least two basic assumptions: (1) Black English is a linguistic system in its own right and, (2) current English instruction fails to motivate the child toward his school subject because of the lack of creative programs in most American schools. A number of descriptive and historical aspects of Negro non-standard English are discussed, and, in a plea for greater relevancy, various motivational factors regarding current English instruction are examined. Finally, an appeal is made to create more interdisciplinary programs in order to help future teachers acquire appropriate attitudes and gain motivational and methodological insights, in the expectation that this would contribute toward the solution of some of our most urgent problems in urban education.
The strategic style in mediation

This article describes the strategic style approach to the mediation role. The hallmark of the approach is the mediator's attempt to address the underlying dysfunction that is fueling the conflict. Versions of the strategic style are illustrated in divorce mediation in a family court, the mediation of conflict among scientists at the National Institutes of Health, and the mediation of health care conflicts in a university teaching hospital. Despite this evidence, the strategic style is infrequently discussed in the practitioner literature and largely undocumented by researchers. Possible reasons for the low visibility of the strategic style are discussed, including the dominance of the alternative dispute resolution field by disciplines lacking developed notions of latent causes of conflict, the strong normative pressures on mediators to espouse the role of nondirective neutrals, the tendency of experts to lose conscious awareness of their schemas of practice, and the close ties between the strategic style and local conditions that may not be widely distributed in the universe of mediation practice.
XXXVII. On the localization of the direction of sounds

(1909). XXXVII. On the localization of the direction of sounds. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 18, No. 104, pp. 308-319.
Stages in life: Narrative practices and identities of filipina go-go dancers

Social interaction involves performances across varied ‘stages’ of space and time, where subject-authors use narrative conventions to communicate their beliefs, identities, and desires in order to influence the opinions and behaviour of others. As participants in these performances, people consider the particular context in which these utterances occur since narratives vary according to changes in audience composition and the discursive structures that frame social encounters. In this article I discuss how Filipina go-go dancers develop creative storylines that describe their biographical progression as young women in this modern, cosmopolitan setting. Despite the apparent position of ‘powerlessness,’ these actors exhibit considerable agency through the intentional re-presentation of certain scripts (such as the ‘dutiful daughter’ or ‘girlfriend’), choosing which stories to enact and using the transitional context of the bar to develop new biographical narratives.
Electromechanical coupling factors and fundamental material constants of thickness vibrating piezoelectric plates

Abstract The vibrations of piezoelectric plates are governed by the linear piezoelectric equations which may contain a rather large number of elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants. But under certain very restrictive but practically important circumstances, piezoelectric coupling coefficients occur naturally in the solutions of the equations, a different coefficient arising in each particular case. Under more general circumstances many of the material constants remain in the solution, and the utility or significance of any of the coupling coefficients appears questionable. The solution of the problem of the thickness vibrations of an arbitrarily anisotropic plate is used in demonstrating the significance and limitations of the coupling coefficient for various types of anisotropy. In many of the instances when the coupling coefficient turns out to be useful, the frequency equation shows that the overtone resonances are not integral multiples of the fundamental. The departure from an integral multiple relationship depends on the coupling coefficient only, and consequently, the coupling coefficient can be determined from simple resonance measurements.
The role of chemical modifiers in analyte transport loss interferences with electrothermal vaporization ICP-mass spectrometry

Abstract A modification of a commercial atomic absorption graphite furnace was used as a sampling cell for electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The characteristics of four chemical modifiers used with this ETV-ICP-MS system were evaluated for a suite of 20 analyte elements. Sensitivity enhancements due to presence of the modifiers were observed for all elements. A given quantity of modifier resulted in greater relative enhancements for small analyte amounts than for large analyte amounts. Enhancements were similar for elements of differing volatilities and chemical behavior. This characteristic led to the conclusion that the modifiers acted primarily as physical carriers of vaporized analyte that would otherwise condense on cool surfaces within the ETV cell and on the transport line between the cell and the ICP. The function of modifiers as physical carriers of analyte elements may become as important for ETV-ICP-MS as their traditional graphite furnace atomic absorption role as chemically active reagents. For ETV-ICP-MS devices that exhibit analyte transport loss, modifiers are likely to be a necessary ingredient to successful quantitative results for analyses in which the standards have differing compositions than the samples.
Nutritional therapy for the management of autoimmune diseases

Until recently the study of nutrition has been regarded, at best, as a specialist area of biomedical research but more often has been categorized as fringe " faddism". However, nutrition is now beginning to emerge as a credible science and a weighty body of evidence now suggests that the immune system is influenced substantially by the type and quantity of ingested food (for review see Ref. 10). Perhaps the most dramatic and best recognized example of the effects of diet on the immune system is that of protein-calorie malnutrition (12). Particularly common in the third world, afflicted individuals are very much susceptible to infection by all classes of microorganisms. If a balanced diet is made available, normal immune function is restored. Over the last decade data has accumulated from both experimental and clinical studies to convincingly implicate diet in having a substantial role in the manifestation and progression of autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune diseases comprise a diverse group of syndromes of unknown etiology but with genetic, viral, and environmental factors being implicated in their pathogenesis. The majority of investigations, however, have centered on animals systems because of the obvious difficulties associated with human experimentation (11). Without doubt, of greatest significance has been the derivation of several murine models, notably the New Zealand (the NZB and NZB/W) and MRL/ lpr strains which develop, spontaneously, immunopathological abnormalities similar to human autoimmune syndromes (21). Autoimmune diseases comprise a diverse group of syndromes of unknown etiology but with genetic, viral, and environmental factors being implicated in their pathogenesis. Since the observations by Fernandes and colleagues over a decade ago, (8) that either a reduced intake of calories, fat, or protein could delay immune complex nephritis and hemolytic anemia in New Zealand mice, virtually all classes of macroand micronutrients have been shown to be able to modulate a variety of autoimmune disorders.
A new algorithm for the assignment problem

We propose a new algorithm for the classical assignment problem. The algorithm resembles in some ways the Hungarian method but differs substantially in other respects. The average computational complexity of an efficient implementation of the algorithm seems to be considerably better than the one of the Hungarian method. In a large number of randomly generated problems the algorithm has consistently outperformed an efficiently coded version of the Hungarian method by a broad margin. The factor of improvement increases with the problem dimensionN and reaches an order of magnitude forN equal to several hundreds.
Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of aromatic molecules in solution

The absorption spectra of benzene, naphthalene, azulene, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), pyrene, and fluoroanthene were measured in liquid perfluoro-n-hexane (PFn-H) in the range 35,000 to 65,000 cm/sup -1/ and in liquid n-pentane (n-Pt) in the range 35,000 to 59,000 cm/sup -1/, using a 150-..mu..m-thick cell. The absorption spectra in PFn-H show more structure than those in n-Pt and because they are extended in the Rydberg transition region may be used to separate Rydberg from core transitions in the gaseous spectra of the molecules studied. The transmission spectra for PFn-H, n-Pt, and some of the most commonly used hydrocarbon solvents are presented also. 5 figures, 6 tables.
Molecular actuator: redox-controlled clam-like motion in a bichromophoric electron donor.

The one-electron oxidation of tetramethoxydibenzobicyclo[4.4.1]undecane (4) prompts it to undergo a clam-like electromechanical actuation into a cofacially π-stacked conformer as established by (i)...
Amino acid composition of fractions of ‘Kentucky-31’ tall fescue as affected by N fertilization and mild water stress

Environmental and management factors can influence the protein concentration of forages, significantly altering specific amino acid content. Drought, high rates of fertilizer N and the presence of a fungal endophyte have been associated with significant alterations in plant N metabolites and animal performance problems on tall fescue. A controlled environment study was conducted to examine the influence of N fertilization (10 and 100 μgN/g) and water regime (low and adequate soil water availability) upon the distribution and concentration of amino acids in endophyte infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) herbage. Tall fescue tissue was collected from three replicates of each treatment, quick frozen in liquid N and lyophilized. Two insoluble (RI, structural residue; RII, membrane residue) and two soluble (SI, soluble protein; SII, low molecular weight N compounds) fractions were collected. Amino acid analyses of acid hydrolysates of fractions showed that application of 100 N significantly increased the concentration (per unit dry weight) of all amino acids in the entire plant, with an average increase of about 55%. Application of 110 N increased the concentrations of most amino acids in fractions RI, RII, and SI, but only aspartate-asparagine, glutamate-glutamine, alanine, threonine, serine, valine and proline in fraction SII. Fraction RI contained about 65% of total amino acids under 10 N and 55% under 110 N even though N level did not alter dry matter distribution among fractions. While the amount of dry matter was least in SI, amino acids in the fraction ranged from 8% (leucine, 10 N) to 20% (lysine, 110 N) of the total amount of specific amino acids recovered. Significant increases in proline, glutamate, aspartate, serine, valine, threonine, alanine and phenylalanine concentration occurred under low soil-water availability compared with adequate water conditions. Basic amino acids including histidine, arginine and lysine increased with increased N and with water stress at each N level. Application of N increased amounts, and water stress influenced distribution of amino acids among the fractions of tall fescue herhage. Nitrogenous components, such as non-protein amino acids which could influence plant nutritive quality, were increased in fraction SII by increased N and water stress.
Induction and characterization of the major surfactant apoprotein during rabbit fetal lung development

Abstract Antibodies directed against the major apoprotein associated with rabbit lung surfactant were used to characterize the induction and cellular localization of this protein during rabbit fetal lung development. In lung tissues from rabbits of 26 days gestational age and older, discrete epithelial type II cells were stained positively using the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. The content of the major protein in homogenates of fetal lung tissue was analyzed using an immunoblotting technique. A protein of about 29 kDa, pI ⩽ 5.6, was first detectable in fetal lung tissue on day 24 of gestation. The 29–36 kDa, mature form of the surfactant apoprotein was first detectable in lung homogenates from 30-day gestational age fetal rabbits. Treatment of homogenates of day 26 and 31 fetal lung tissues with endoglycosidase F, yielded, in both cases, an immunoreactive triplet with more neutral isoelectric points than the proteins in the untreated homogenates. By immunoblot analysis, we found that only the 29–36 kDa, mature form of the surfactant apoprotein was present in lamellar bodies purified from lung tissues of fetuses of 28 and 31 days and from day 2 neonates. These findings are suggestive that only the mature, 29–36 kDa form of the surfactant apoprotein is associated with lamellar bodies during fetal lung type II cell differentiation in vivo.