cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
iTEAM: Outcomes of an Affirming System of Care Serving LGBTQ Youth Experiencing Homelessness

The iTEAM (My Treatment Empowerment for Adolescents on the Move) project used a comprehensive lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) affirming system-of-care approach to provide intensive case management, substance abuse and mental health treatment, linkages to housing, and other supportive services to LGBTQ and straight-allied (A) youth experiencing homelessness. The iTEAM project aimed to decrease substance use, improve mental health status, increase housing access and stability, improve life skills, increase linkages to other needed services, and reduce HIV risk behaviors. This study examines outcomes of 210 iTEAM participants who completed baseline and 6-month postbaseline self-report assessments. At follow-up, substance use remained low and mental health had improved. Engagement in employment increased, as did housing stability. These findings suggest that the iTEAM system-of-care model might be effective for working with LGBTQ and A youth experiencing homelessness.
A biologically-inspired platform for the evolution of communication in multi-agent systems

This research effort seeks to address the problem of limited communication in multi-agent systems by the use biologically-inspired implementations of intelligent control systems. A detailed simulation platform is built and tested. The platform contains many user-configurable parameters and is intended to be used as a general purpose research tool for the study of the evolution of communication in multi-agent systems. The user-configurable parameters include those that modify the agent environment, the structure of agent communication abilities, and various simulated biological selection forces and influences including natural selection, cultural transmission, and sexual selection. The simulation involves a predator-prey (pursuer-evader) environment in which evolving predators seek to capture prey and thus increase their fitness. Agents are given the ability to communicate, but are not forced to do so. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness and abilities of this tool.
A Phase II Trial of the Oral mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus (RAD001) in Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction pathway integrates signals from multiple receptor tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation and survival. Everolimus (RAD001, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) is an oral investigational antineoplastic agent that targets mTOR. Objectives: To learn the anti-tumor activity and toxicity of single-agent RAD001 in pts with relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL. Patients and Methods: Patients were eligible if they had measurable disease, a platelet count >75,000, an absolute neutrophil count >1,000, and a creatinine and bilirubin Results: Thirty-seven pts were treated - 20 (54%) with relapsed diffuse large cell (DLC), 14 (38%) with relapsed mantle cell (MCL), 2 high grade, and 1 follicular grade III. The median age was 72 years (range, 45–92). Patients had received a median of 4 prior therapies (range, 1–15). The overall response rate was 32% (12/37; 95% CI:20–49%) with 1 complete response and 11 partial responses. The ORR was 35% (7/20) in the DLC group and 29% (4/14) in the MCL patients. Patients have received a median of 2 cycles (range, 1–16+) of therapy. The median time to progression for all 37 patients is 3.1 months (95%CI; 2.0 – 4.7). The median duration of response for the 12 responders is 5.5 months (95% CI; 2.3 – 9.2) and 5 pts remained progression free at 6 months. Three patients are currently maintaining a response with a median time of 10.5 months (range, 2.9–15.6+months). RAD001 was well tolerated. The incidence of grade 3 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in this heavily pretreated pt population was 11%, 16%, and 30%. Two pts developed grade 4 neutropenia. Grade 2 hypercholesterolemia occurred in 11%; grade 2 hyperglycemia in 16%; grade 3 hyperglycemia in 11% and 1 pt had grade 4 hypertriglyceridemia. Summary: RAD001 has single-agent activity in relapsed aggressive NHL and provides proof-of-concept that targeting the mTOR pathway in NHL is clinically relevant.
Trust Me, I’m a Doctor: Examining Changes in How Privacy Concerns Affect Patient Withholding Behavior

Background: As electronic health records (EHRs) become ubiquitous in the health care industry, privacy breaches are increasing and being made public. These breaches may make consumers wary of the technology, undermining its potential to improve care coordination and research. Objective: Given the developing concerns around privacy of personal health information stored in digital format, it is important for providers to understand how views on privacy and security may be associated with patient disclosure of health information. This study aimed to understand how privacy concerns may be shifting patient behavior. Methods: Using a pooled cross-section of data from the 2011 and 2014 cycles of the Health Information and National Trends Survey (HINTS), we tested whether privacy and security concerns, as well as quality perceptions, are associated with the likelihood of withholding personal health information from a provider. A fully interacted multivariate model was used to compare associations between the 2 years, and interaction terms were used to evaluate trends in the factors that are associated with withholding behavior. Results: No difference was found regarding the effect of privacy and security concerns on withholding behavior between 2011 and 2014. Similarly, whereas perceived high quality of care was found to reduce the likelihood of withholding information from a provider in both 2011 (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.94) and 2014 (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.76), no difference was observed between years. Conclusions: These findings suggest that consumers’ beliefs about EHR privacy and security, the relationship between technology use and quality, and intentions to share information with their health care provider have not changed. These findings are counter to the ongoing discussions about the implications of security failures in other domains. Our results suggest that providers could ameliorate privacy and security by focusing on the care quality benefits EHRs provide. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(1):e2]
Clocks stop sugar shock

The circadian clock orchestrates the timing of insulin and glucagon secretion, which is important for glycemic control.
Larval Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Sublethal Exposure to Weathered Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil: Developmental and Transcriptomic Consequences.

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident resulted in extensive oiling of the pelagic zone and shoreline habitats of many commercially important fish species. Exposure to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil from the spill causes developmental toxicity through cardiac defects in pelagic fish species. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of the oil on near-shore estuarine fish species such as red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Following exposure to a certified weathered slick oil (4.74 μg/L ∑PAH50) from the DWH event, significant sublethal impacts were observed ranging from impaired nervous system development [average 17 and 22% reductions in brain and eye area at 48 h postfertilization (hpf), respectively] to abnormal cardiac morphology (100% incidence at 24, 48, and 72 hpf) in red drum larvae. Consistent with the phenotypic responses, significantly differentially expressed transcripts, enriched gene ontology, and altered functions and canonical pathways predicted adverse outcomes in nervous an...
Axonal localization of neuritin/CPG15 mRNA is limited by competition for HuD binding

HuD protein (also known as ELAVL4) has been shown to stabilize mRNAs with AU-rich elements (ARE) in their 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), including Gap43, which has been linked to axon growth. HuD also binds to neuritin (Nrn1) mRNA, whose 3'UTR contains ARE sequences. Although the Nrn1 3'UTR has been shown to mediate its axonal localization in embryonic hippocampal neurons, it is not active in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Here, we asked why the 3'UTR is not sufficient to mediate the axonal localization of Nrn1 mRNA in DRG neurons. HuD overexpression increases the ability of the Nrn1 3'UTR to mediate axonal localizing in DRG neurons. HuD binds directly to the Nrn1 ARE with about a two-fold higher affinity than to the Gap43 ARE. Although the Nrn1 ARE can displace the Gap43 ARE from HuD binding, HuD binds to the full 3'UTR of Gap43 with higher affinity, such that higher levels of Nrn1 are needed to displace the Gap43 3'UTR. The Nrn1 3'UTR can mediate a higher level of axonal localization when endogenous Gap43 is depleted from DRG neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous Nrn1 and Gap43 mRNAs compete for binding to HuD for their axonal localization and activity of the Nrn1 3'UTR.
Quiet Period Reit Returns

Executive Summary Excess returns around the expiration of the IPO quiet period documented for industrial IPOs are minimal for REITs, supporting the argument that REITs are more transparent than other firms. The existence of analyst coverage impacts quiet period returns for REITs only during the pre-bubble period when coverage is less comprehensive. The frequency of analyst recommendations issued immediately after the quiet period for REITs is lower than for industrial IPOs, which again suggests greater REIT transparency since there is an implied lower need for coverage. Recommendations in number and in simple buy or sell categorization have a slight impact on returns. With marginal statistical significance, the small number of firms followed by four or more analysts posts excess returns while the very small number of firms with no buy recommendations posts negative excess returns.
Ab initio calculations on the ground and excited electronic states of neutral and charged palladium monoxide, PdO0,+,−

Multi-reference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations were carried out for the ground and several low-lying excited electronic states for PdO, PdO+, and PdO−. Spin–orbit coupling, core-correlation effects, and large correlation-consistent basis sets were employed. We report bond lengths, spectroscopic constants, energetics, and potential energy curves for all of the considered states. Our calculations settle the assignment for the previously recorded peaks of the experimental PdO− photoelectron spectrum. We found that the spin–orbit effects mix considerably the Λ–S states of PdO, changing dramatically the order of its low-lying electronic states. The ground states of these species were found to be 4Σ− for PdO+, 3Σ− for PdO, and 2Π for PdO−. Going from PdO to PdO+, the electron detaches from a σ orbital which is localized on the metal. Going from PdO to PdO−, the additional electron attaches a π orbital, which is more localized on oxygen. For PdO− we found six electronic states bound with respect to PdO.
A Structural Model for Engineering Drawings

We have proposed a structural modeling approach combined with a nondeterministic agent system to produce interpretations of scanned images of CAD drawings [47–50, 113]. This allows a broad set of thresholds to be used during the image analysis which in turn permits the efficient pruning of the resulting search space by taking advantage of constraints from the model or specific application. The nondeterministic agent system is described in a Chap. 5.
Activation of Human Factor VII by Activated Factors IX and X

Factor VII clotting activity increases about five-fold when blood is clotted in glass. Prior studies suggested that this results from activation induced by activated factor IX (IXa). However, in purified systems containing phospholipid and calcium, activated factor X (Xa) is known to activate factor VII rapidly. Therefore, we studied activation of factor VII by IXa and X, in systems using purified human factors. Concentrations of IXa and Xa were calculated from total activated protein concentrations rather than from active site concentrations. In the presence of phospolipid and calcium, both IXa and Xa activated factor VII 25-fold; however, Xa was roughly 800 times more efficient than IXa. Without added phospholipid, activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa was markedly slowed, and Xa was roughly 20 times more efficient than IXa. When both phospholipid and calcium were omitted, activation of factor VII by either enzyme was negligible. Adding normal prothrombin, but not decarboxylated prothrombin, substantially slowed activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa. Adding thrombin-activated factor VIII and antithrombin-III did not change rates of factor VII activation by either enzyme. These results from purified systems do not provide an explanation for the prior data from plasma systems.
Bim and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as predictive biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with melanoma and lung carcinoma.

11534Background: To date, there are no validated blood-based biomarkers of predicting response to PD-1 blockade. We previously reported that Bim is a downstream signaling molecule of the PD-1 pathw...
Megasphaera stantonii sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of a healthy chicken.

A novel mesophilic, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium was isolated from the cecum of a healthy white leghorn chicken, and designated AJH120T. Cells were coccoid or diplococcoid with an average size of 0.8–1.8 µm and were non-motile with no evidence of spores. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed this organism to be a member of the genus Megasphaera , with the closest relatives being Megasphaera elsdenii (95 % sequence identity) and Megasphaera cerevisiae (95 % sequence identity). Growth was observed between 30 and 50 °C and between pH 5.0 and 9.0. AJH120T utilized a variety of carbon sources, including succinate, gluconate, fructose, ribose and pyruvate, as well as many individual amino acids. The DNA G+C content for the genome sequence of AJH120T was 52.1 mol%. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) between AJH120T and close taxonomic relatives, indicated divergence consistent with the strain representing a novel species. The major fatty acid methyl esters of the organism were C12 : 0, C14 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω9c. AJH120T was able to produce several short chain fatty acids, including butyrate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. Together, these data indicate that AJH120T represents a novel species within the genus Megasphaera . We propose the name Megasphaera stantonii sp. nov. for the species. The type strain of this species is AJH120T (=DSM 106750T=CCUG 71842T).
Creating Their Own: A Cross-National Examination of Entrepreneurial Foundings

What drives entrepreneurial activity and firm creation? Common explanations within the entrepreneurship literature include the degree of available resources, the cultural inclinations of the societ...
Energy- and conformer-dependent excited-state relaxation of an E/Z photoswitchable thienyl-ethene

Bis(bithienyl)-1,2-dicyanoethene (4TCE) is a photoswitch that operates via reversible E/Z photoisomerization following absorption of visible light. cis-to-trans photoisomerization of 4TCE requires excitation below 470 nm, is relatively inefficient (quantum yield 470 nm) are readily attributed to deactivation of two conformers; this assignment is supported by computed thermal populations and absorption strengths of two molecular geometries (PA and PB) characterized by roughly parallel dipoles for the thiophenes on opposite sides of the ethene bond. Only the PB conformer is found to contribute to triplet population and the switching of cis-4TCE: high-energy excitation (<470 nm) of PB involves direct excitation to S2, relaxation from which prepares an ISC-active S1 geometry (ISC QY 0.4–0.67, kISC ∼ 1.6–2.6 × 10−9 s−1) that is the gateway to triplet population and isomerization. We ascribe low cis-to-trans isomerization yield to excitation of the nonreactive PA conformer (75–85% loss) as well as loses along the PB S2 → S1 → T1 cascade (10–20% loss). In contrast, electrocyclization is inhibited by the electronic character of the excited states, as well as a non-existent thermal population of a reactive “antiparallel” ring conformation.
The Use of Full Thickness Skin Graft Phalloplasty During Adult Acquired Buried Penis Repair.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of full thickness penile skin grafting (FTSG) for phalloplasty during acquired buried penis repair. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing complex genital reconstruction for buried penis between January 2013 and April 2018 was performed. Patients undergoing FTSG were identified. All patients underwent escutcheonectomy, scrotoplasty, and penile skin grafting by a single Urologist (MM) and Plastic surgeon (JS). Escutcheon tissue was used for the FTSG. The primary outcome was graft take and the secondary outcome was recurrence requiring surgical revision. Results Thirteen patients were identified for inclusion in the study with average age of 43.4 and average BMI of 42. Median (range) follow-up for the cohort was 8 (3-44) months. Surgical indication was lymphedema in 6 (46.2%), morbid obesity in 6 (46.2%), and hidradenitis suppurativa in one (7.7%). Seven required concurrent urethromeatoplasty for meatal stenosis and fossa navicularis strictures. All grafts were successful. Two patients developed postoperative wound infections requiring antibiotics. One patient redeveloped lymphedema of the scrotum and required complete revision surgery although the FTSG remained intact. No patients had reburying of the penis. Minor outpatient surgical revision was performed for 2 patients for scarring and edema of the glans. Conclusion Full thickness skin grafts provide a useful option for penile reconstruction during surgical management of buried penis. Patients had excellent graft acceptance and minimal wound complications. Further research and comparative cohorts are warranted to fully determine the role of FTSG in genital reconstruction.
Development of a Risk Score to Predict Anastomotic Leak After Left-Sided Colectomy: Which Patients Warrant Diversion?

Anastomotic leak is a feared complication after left-sided colectomy, but its risk can potentially be reduced with the use of a diverting ostomy. However, an ostomy has its own associated negative sequelae; therefore, it is critical to appropriately identify patients to divert. This is difficult in practice since many risk factors for anastomotic leak exist and outside factors bias this decision. We aimed to develop and validate a risk score to predict an individual’s risk of anastomotic leak and aid in the decision. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Colectomy Targeted PUF was queried from 2012 to 2016 for patients undergoing elective left-sided resection for malignancy, benign neoplasm, or diverticular disease. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of anastomotic leak in non-diverted patients, and a risk score was developed and validated. 38,475 patients underwent resection with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 3%. Independent risk factors for anastomotic leak included younger age, male sex, tobacco use, and omission of combined bowel preparation. A risk score incorporating independent predictors demonstrated excellent calibration. There was strong visual correspondence between predicted and observed anastomotic leak rates. 3960 patients underwent resection with diversion, yet over half of these patients had a predicted leak rate of less than 4%. A novel risk score can be used to stratify patients according to anastomotic leak risk after elective left-sided resection. Intraoperative calculation of scores for patients can help guide surgical decision-making in both diverting the highest risk patients and avoiding diversion in low-risk patients.
Nickel-dependent reconstitution of hydrogenase apoprotein in Bradyrhizobium japonicum Hupc mutants and direct evidence for a nickel metabolism locus involved in nickel incorporation into the enzyme.

A double mutant (JH103K10) was created from hydrogenase constitutive mutant (JH103) by replacement of a chromosomal 0.60 kb nickel metabolism related locus with a kanamycin resistance gene. The double mutant required 10 to 20 times more nickel (Ni) to achieve near parental strain levels of hydrogenase activity. In the absence of nickel, both JH103K10 and JH103 synthesized high levels of (inactive) hydrogenase apoprotein (large subunit, 65 kDa). With nickel, the double mutant JH103K10 synthesized the same level of hydrogenase apoenzyme (65-kDa subunit) as the JH103 parent strain; however, whole cell hydrogenase activity in JH103K10 was less than half of that in JH103, and the CPM (due to 63Ni in hydrogenase) of membranes and the calculated ratio of nickel per unit of hydrogenase enzyme of the double mutant were 40% of that in JH103. Therefore, the difference in hydrogenase activities between the double mutant and the Hupck strain can be accounted for by different abilities of the strains to incorporate nickel into the hydrogenase apoenzyme. The addition of nickel ions to previously Ni-starved and then chloramphenicol-treated Bradyrhizobium japonicum whole cells (JH103 and JH103K10) resulted in (an in vivo) restoration of hydrogenase activity, suggesting that the apoprotein synthesized in the Ni-free cultures could be activated by addition of nickel even in the absence of protein synthesis. The extent of reconstitution of active hydrogenase by nickel was greater in the absence of chloramphenicol. Hydrogenase apoprotein could not be activated by nickel in vitro even with the addition of ATP. The successful in vivo but not in vitro results suggest that enzymatic but cell-disruption labile factors are required for Ni incorporation into hydrogenase.
Brexit and Westminster’s “Ulsterior Motives”

The chances are growing that an unexpected consequence of the 2016 UK referendum to exit the European Union (or “Brexit”) may eventuate in the unexpected development of Northern Ireland exiting the UK, or what might be termed “NIRexit.” In other words, Brexit may lead to Irish unification. The long-cherished dream of Irish nationalists for “a united Ireland” may therefore be the inadvertent consequence of the campaign to withdraw from the EU by the Brexiteers. Both demographics and economics are pushing Dublin and Belfast ever closer together. The increasing likelihood is that the attractions of remaining in the EU will be more important to Northern Irish citizens than age-old anxieties about joining the traditionally Catholic dominated Irish Republic. “Potatoes, not popes” may weigh more heavily than historical divisions between the Catholic south and the Irish north, especially because the Irish Republic is no longer dominated by the Catholic Church.
Modeling rain-induced effects on boundary-layer wind field of tropical cyclones

Abstract Despite the significant impacts of heavy rainfall on the tropical cyclone intensity due to the transfer of horizontal momentum between air and raindrops, the comprehensive modeling of rain-induced effects on the boundary-layer wind field remains a challenge. The wind shear zone developed surrounding the falling precipitation results in complicated dynamic interactions between the wind and rain fields. The solution of dynamically coupled, intensively interactive wind and rain fields may be achieved using high-fidelity air-water interaction simulations but needs extremely high computational costs. To consider the wind-rain interactions with a first-order approximation, the fully-coupled dynamic system governing the raindrop motion and the wind field has been simplified herein to a weakly-coupled one represented by aerodynamic drag force. The drag-induced horizontal momentum transfer is integrated into the governing equations of the linear, height-resolving wind field, and an analytical model is accordingly developed to effectively consider the rain-induced effects on the boundary-layer winds of tropical cyclones. The results generated by the present model are consistent with the field measurements. It has been demonstrated that, while the wind speed can be either accelerated or decelerated depending on the location in the tropical cyclones and the rain parameters (e.g., rain rate, relative motion between the air and raindrops, drag coefficient and raindrop size distribution), the rain-induced effects on the boundary-layer wind directions (and hence the inflow angle) also have important significance on the tropical cyclone wind hazard on tall buildings and other structures. Due to its simplicity and high computational efficiency, the proposed model could be easily implemented in the risk assessments for tropical-cyclone wind hazards in engineering applications.
Estimators based on unconventional likelihoods with nonignorable missing data and its application to a children's mental health study

ABSTRACTNonignorable missing data is common in studies where the outcome is relevant to the subject's behaviour. Ibrahim, Lipsitz, and Horton [(2001), ‘Using Auxiliary Data for Parameter Estimation...
The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Development and Cancer

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are complex cellular processes where cells undergo dramatic changes in signaling, transcriptional programming, and cell shape, while directing the exit of cells from the epithelium and promoting migratory properties of the resulting mesenchyme. EMTs are essential for morphogenesis during development and are also a critical step in cancer progression and metastasis formation. Here we provide an overview of the molecular regulation of the EMT process during embryo development, focusing on chick and mouse gastrulation and neural crest development. We go on to describe how EMT regulators participate in the progression of pancreatic and breast cancer in mouse models, and discuss the parallels with developmental EMTs and how these help to understand cancer EMTs. We also highlight the differences between EMTs in tumor and in development to arrive at a broader view of cancer EMT. We conclude by discussing how further advances in the field will rely on in vivo dynamic imaging of the cellular events of EMT.
Abstract P198: Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Autonomic Response To Head Up Tilt In Adolescents Suffering From Orthostatic Intolerance

Background: We have previously shown in a group of adolescents who are suffering from orthostatic intolerance (OI) and syncope that they exhibited impairment in autonomic function in supine positio...
“Colibrí” ‘Hummingbird’ as Translanguaging Metaphor

This chapter explores translanguaging as theory and practice by first introducing superdiversity as a phenomenon that leads to the creation of adolescent newcomer programs and then discussing how translanguaging intersects with these spaces in terms of sociolinguistic and pedagogical exploration. Relevant theoretical and empirical studies engage translanguaging as an important framework for supporting bi/multilingual adolescents. Drawing on ethnographic and classroom discourse analysis, the chapter then analyzes a key moment from a “Bilingual Biomes” project in a 10th grade Biology classroom at a Central Ohio adolescent newcomer program in which a “colibri” ‘hummingbird’ becomes a salient metaphor for translanguaging as theory and practice. Specifically, this metaphor explores translanguaging’s potential to destabilize national/named borders between languages, create opportunities for shared understanding, and evoke moments of unexpected joy.
Determination of Series Resistance in CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells by the J sc –V oc Method

While commonly used in Si solar cell characterization, the Suns– V oc method of determining series resistance (R s ) is rarely used for CdTe and its alloys. However, it is advantageous relative to the slope method–commonly used in the CdTe community–because it measures series resistance at the maximum power point, at which a solar cell operates. Using the self-consistent predecessor to $\mathrm{Suns}-\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{oc}}, \mathrm{J}_{\mathrm{sc}}-\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{oc}}$ , we determine $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{s}}$ of two different $\mathrm{CdSeTe}/\mathrm{CdTe}$ solar cell structures to be 0.96 and 2.72 μcm2, with repeated measurements showing little deviation.
Ardent, but informed? Social vigilantism and the dissemination and defense of political decisions

Abstract Social vigilantism (SV) is the tendency to believe one's beliefs are superior to others' and to attempt to impress one's beliefs onto others. With an undergraduate psychology student sample (N = 209), we used correlational methods with both self-report and behavioral measures to investigate SV's prediction of the amount of information used when making voting decisions as well as methods used to defend those decisions against challenge. SV did not correlate with the amount of information used to make voting decisions, indicating higher levels of SV are not associated with necessarily better informed opinions. SV did uniquely predict the use of six resistance strategies to defend voting decisions against challenges. These results suggest higher levels of SV are associated with greater tendencies to disseminate and defend one's beliefs, regardless of how well-informed those beliefs are.
Optimizing solar cell efficiency with neural networks

Recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in the usage, research, and development of green energy, with further advancement doubtlessly on the horizon. One alternative energy technology of particular interest, currently being used and explored is the photovoltaic effect more commonly known as solar power [4]. Defined as the conversion of optical energy into electrical energy, the photovoltaic effect was first discovered in 1839 by Edmond Becquerel and may be brought to realization through the utilization of silicon semiconductor solar cells [8]. Build characteristics, such as diffusion time and temperature, alter the performance of the solar cell. The multiple parameters and conditions that are used in the building and design process can impact their efficiency [7]. These parameters can be put into datasets and used as initial conditions in a neural network. A neural network is a way to model the method by which the human brain processes information, using a large number of simulated processing units that resemble neurons. These processing units are typically arranged in layers such as an input layer, a hidden layer, and finally an output layer. Input values are usually propagated from each neuron in a layer to the neurons in the next layer before a result arrives at the output layer. The output typically has a target unit that is connected with varying weights. The network typically learns by examining records and data and generating predictions for them. Each time the network makes an incorrect prediction, it alters and adjusts the weights each iteration until the stopping criteria has been met. As the training progresses, the network becomes more accurate in replicating known outcomes. Once the known outcomes have been confirmed, the network can be applied to cases where the output is unknown. The neural network will then be able to learn by combining all of the data that is inputted [3]. The output of the neural network will be the optimal dopant diffusion time under which to produce the most efficient solar panel. In our study, we trained neural networks using different dopant diffusion times and the corresponding currents and voltages in order to determine the optimal time for producing the most power with a solar cell.
Phytochemical evaluation and pharmacognostic standardization of Syzygium palghatense endemic to Western Ghats

The plants belonging to the genus Syzygium has received much attention since ancient times due to its multidimensional uses for mankind. These plants in general, reported to contain a wide array of phytomolecules with a broad spectrum of biological activities that include antihypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antihypertensive properties. The pharmacological potential of S. palghatense which is endemic to Western Ghats has not yet been investigated. The present study was intended to examine the potential benefits of the leaves and bark of S. palghatense. Morpho-anatomical studies of S. palghatense provided useful details for the identification. The pharmacological characterization of the plants shows significant results in their studied parameters. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in methanolic extracts of leaves and bark of S. palghatense. Methanolic extract of the leaves and bark have superior antioxidant capacity when compared with the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and distilled water extracts. A significant result in alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme activity was exhibited when antidiabetic study was performed. The current study showed that the methanolic extract of S. palghatense leaves and bark have significant pharmacognostic properties and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. Phytochemical studies portray the presence of several biologically active secondary metabolites, including essential oil, alkaloid, glycosides, carbohydrate, tannins, reducing sugar, phenolics, and saponins, which may be the reason for its biological properties. As compared to bark, leaves of S. palghatense possess significant activity toward all the biological properties tested.
Assessing Stereotypes of Respiratory Therapists Through an Interprofessional Group of Health Science Students

Background: Interprofessional collaborative practice requires effective teamwork in order to provide safe, patient-centered care. Health care teams are composed of various individuals with specific roles and responsibilities. To fully learn about, from, and with other professionals, exploring stereotypes of specific disciplines may help overcome the barriers these preconceived thoughts may have in providing quality health care. Methods: A group of health science students participated in an online asynchronous interprofessional learning experience during the 2019-2020 academic year. As part of the experience, students were asked to complete a survey addressing stereotypes and implicit bias. Students from public health, nursing, dental hygiene, and pre-physician’s assistants identified stereotypes about respiratory therapists. The approach to the analysis was qualitative and responses were categorized as negative or positive. Data were not analyzed until greater than one year after the completion of the experience. Questions that required a narrative response by students were placed in NVivo 12 Pro software for text and content analysis. Student evaluations of the module were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: There were 47 independent responses for both positive and negative stereotypes. The negative could be classified into six separate themes. The majority of responses pertained to the perceived limited knowledge, education, and scope of practice of respiratory therapists. Additional negative notions were that RTs are frequently unavailable due to workload constraints which prevented meaningful interaction with patients and colleagues. Four main themes surfaced upon evaluating the positive stereotypes. Fifty-seven percent of students commented on the perceived expertise of the respiratory care provider and how the services they offer are essential to improving patient outcomes. Student evaluations of the Stereotypes in Healthcare and Community Health activity revealed that 80% of students felt the exercise was somewhat to very engaging and 92% agreed the exercise was somewhat to very informative. Conclusions: An open and respectful dialogue among interprofessional learners can lead to better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each team member, which may then impact the quality of care provided to patients and populations. The findings may also serve to better educate our community on what Respiratory Therapists actually do, being a lesser-known medical profession.
Adopting a toolkit to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process: a case report

Background: The proliferation of systematic reviews has impacted library operations and activities as librarians support, collaborate, and perform more tasks in the systematic review process. This case report describes a toolkit that librarians with extensive experience in supporting multiple review teams use to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process. Case Presentation: The toolkit is a compilation of documents that we use to effectively communicate with and help review teams understand and navigate each stage of the systematic review process. Elements included in the toolkit and discussed in this case report are intake forms, communication templates and memoranda, a process flow diagram, library guides on tools for retrieval and data appraisal, and established standards for guidance during the write-up stage. We describe the use of the toolkit for both education and project management, with a focus on its use in helping manage team time, resources, and expectations. Discussion: The systematic review toolkit helps librarians connect systematic review steps and tasks to actionable items. The content facilitates and supports discussion and learning by both librarians and team members. This toolkit helps librarians share important information and resources for each stage of the process.
A cellular automaton model of excitable media. III: fitting the Belousov-Zhabotinskiic reaction

Abstract We obtain a set of parameter values for our cellular automaton model that gives a reasonably good description of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction, as determined by comparison with experimental results and with calculations on the “Oregonator” (a differential-equation model of the chemical system).
Distribution of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat Fractions

Abstract Cow milk fat triglyeerides were fractionated by low-temperature crystallization from pentane, and the —60-degree filtrate was separated further by countercurrent distribution (CCD). Representative fractions were analyzed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Long-chain triglycerides migrated early in CCD and contained comparatively large amounts of C 18:1 acid, which was associated predominantly with C 16:0 and C 18:0 acids in the glycerides. Shortchain triglycerides migrated later in CCD, and as their short-chain acid content increased there was a concurrent decrease in C 18:1 . Fractions representative of the short- and long-chain triglyceride groups were studied by lipase hydrolysis, and the proportion of the total amount of each fatty acid esterified at the 2-position was calculated. The results confirmed the nonrandom distribution of most of the major fatty acids in milk fat. Improved methods of separation and analysis are needed to elucidate the structure of the individual triglycerides present.
Flavonoid Biotransformations in Microorganisms

Flavonoids are a diverse group of secondary metabolites found ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Their associated health benefits have gained these fascinating compounds an increasing amount of attention towards their use as medicinal agents, supplements and natural colorants. With the rapid progress in unraveling the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, the first part of this chapter presents the recent advances and challenges in utilizing recombinant bacteria and yeast to produce a number of different classes of flavonoid compounds including stilbenes, flavanones, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins. The second part presents a review on the iomodifications of flavonoids by non-recombinant microorganisms that result in an array of natural products, with special emphasis on the metabolism of flavonoids by intestinal microflora.
A Scalable Nonuniform Pointer Analysis for Embedded Programs

In this paper we present a scalable pointer analysis for embedded applications that is able to distinguish between instances of recursively defined data structures and elements of arrays. The main contribution consists of an efficient yet precise algorithm that can handle multithreaded programs. We first perform an inexpensive flow-sensitive analysis of each function in the program that generates semantic equations describing the effect of the function on the memory graph. These equations bear numerical constraints that describe nonuniform points-to relationships. We then iteratively solve these equations in order to obtain an abstract storage graph that describes the shape of data structures at every point of the program for all possible thread interleavings. We bring experimental evidence that this approach is tractable and precise for real-size embedded applications.
Expression of immune sensitization to epithelial cell-associated components in the cotton-top tamarin: A model of chronic ulcerative colitis

Chronic colitis is present in up to 50% of adult cotton-top tamarins, but the etiology is unknown. To explore one putative immunopathogenic pathway for the chronic colitis, we determined whether immune sensitization to macromolecules associated with mucosal epithelium of intestine (designated ECAC) had occurred in this primate species. Specifically, we sought to define (a) whether antigenic determinants associated with ECAC are present on tamarin gut epithelium in vivo; (b) if immunoglobulin, capable of binding ECAC, is detectable in tamarin serum; (c) whether the presence of ECAC-specific immunoglobulin is positively correlated with age of the animal or the severity of the colitis, or both; and (d) the number of glycoprotein fractions composing ECAC (denoted as P1 through P4) that are reactive with tamarin immunoglobulin. Expression of ECAC was found by immunofluorescence using characterized oligo-specific or monoclonal antibody: tamarin intestinal epithelium--but not lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, subserosa, or glycocalyx--demonstrated determinants of the ECAC antigen system. Furthermore, coded sera from 10 tamarins with biopsy-proven inflammation involving colonic intestinal mucosa and in which disease activity was moderate to severe showed ECAC-specific cytotoxicity of 3.6% +/- 1.6%. Test values for 9 of 10 of those animals were above the upper limit of normal for the assay (2.1%), and exceeded the level of lysis found with serum from histologically normal tamarins less than 2 yr old (less than 0.3%). When the data were reanalyzed by age of the animal, the incidence of ECAC-specific cytotoxicity correlated with age greater than 2 yr (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). Epithelial cell-associated component-specific serum binding was confirmed by a second methodology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), where the A405 for tamarins with lesions of moderate-severe grade (0.35 +/- 0.26) clearly exceeded that for young tamarins who were histologically normal (0.02 +/- 0.039) (p less than 0.05). Most of the reactivity was directed toward the P1 fraction of ECAC. Thus, immune sensitization to a fraction of macromolecules associated with colonic epithelium has been found in the cotton-top tamarin, analogous to findings in humans with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Minnesota: Impact of Antenatal Diagnosis on Survival

Objective: We characterized the natural history and true mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in newborn patients by identifying all infants born with this condition in a fixed geographic region over a 2-year period. We examined this population to determine the frequency of intrauterine diagnosis, the outcome of prenatally diagnosed infants, and the impact of deaths in infants with an unsuspected diagnosis (the "hidden mortality") on the overall outcome of this condition. Design: This was a retrospective population survey of all infants born with CDH in Minnesota between June 1988 and June 1990. Setting: All Minnesota birth and death records were reviewed to identify patients with the diagnosis of CDH. A separate survey of all level 3 intensive care nurseries was conducted and the record of each identified patient was reviewed. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was available throughout the study period. Main Outcome Measure: Survival to hospital discharge and short-term morbidity were examined for each patient. Results: Survival was 60% (29/48). Eleven of 19 deaths occurred in patients born prematurely and/or with coexisting major anomalies. Eight percent (4/48) of patients died within the first hour of life prior to diagnosis (hidden mortality). Intrauterine diagnosis of CDH was made in 15 patients. Survival was 60% (9/15) in infants whose conditions were diagnosed in utero, a rate identical to that for infants whose conditions were diagnosed in the postnatal period (61% [20/33]). There was no relationship between age at fetal diagnosis and mortality. Conclusions: The hidden mortality of CDH was low. Almost half of the total mortality for CDH was associated with coexisting, additional anomalies. Patients who were not offered extracorporeal membrane oxygenation owing to prematurity, other major anomalies, or birth at a center that did not offer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation accounted for 84% (16/19) of deaths. These data will be useful for determining the impact of new therapeutic strategies on the mortality of CDH. (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:626-631)
Strategies for lead discovery: Application of footprint similarity targeting HIVgp41

Abstract A highly-conserved binding pocket on HIVgp41 is an important target for development of anti-viral inhibitors. Holden et al. ( Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012 , 22 , 3011) recently reported 7 experimentally-verified leads identified through a computational screen to the gp41 pocket in conjunction with a new DOCK scoring method (termed FPS scoring) developed in our laboratory. The method employs molecular footprints based on per-residue van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, or the sum. In this work, we critically examine the gp41 screening results, prioritized using different scoring methods, in terms of two main criteria: (1) ligand pose properties which include footprint and energy score decompositions, MW, number of rotatable bonds, ligand efficiency, formal charge, and volume overlap, and (2) ligand pose stability which includes footprint stability (changes in footprint overlap) and rmsd stability (changes in geometry). Relative to standard DOCK scoring, pose property analyses demonstrate how FPS scoring can be used to identify ligands that mimic a known reference (derived here from the native gp41 substrate), while pose stability analyses demonstrate how FPS scoring can be used to enrich for compounds with greater overall stability during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Compellingly, of the 115 compounds tested experimentally, the 7 active compounds, as a group, more closely mimic the footprints made by the reference and show greater MD stability compared to the inactive group. Extensive studies using 116 protein–ligand complexes as controls reveal that ligands in their crystallographic binding pose also maintain higher FPS scores and smaller rmsds than do accompanying decoys, confirming that native poses are indeed ‘stable’ under the same conditions and that monitoring FPS variability during compound prioritization is likely to be beneficial. Overall, the results suggest the new scoring method will complement current virtual screening approaches for both the identification (FPS-ranking) and prioritization (FPS-stability) of target-compatible molecules in a quantitative and logical way.