cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydrogen on the mechanical response of α-uranium

Abstract The presence of hydrogen is known to embrittle and drastically reduce the ductility of α-uranium. However, it has not been established whether aging amounts of hydrogen alter the mechanisms of plastic deformation (i.e. slip and twinning). In-situ neutron diffraction experiments and polycrystalline plasticity modeling were employed to address this issue. Samples were thermally charged to 0.3 and 1.8 wppm H then tested in-situ. It was seen that hydrogen charging decreased the ductility drastically. However, it did not affect the bulk plastic deformation processes. Specifically, the grain-level onset of dislocation glide and deformation twinning as well as the hardening behaviors of the individual mechanisms remained consistent between samples. The texture evolution did not change with hydrogen content either. What did clearly change with increasing hydrogen content was the fracture mechanism, which transitioned from transgranular ductile rupture to brittle intergranular decohesion.
Qualitative and Quantitative Coronary Angiography

In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac catheterization remains the gold standard in evaluating the degree of luminal narrowing and assessing the appropriateness of a patient’s medical regimen, the need for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
An analysis of using EPCglobal class-1 generation-2 RFID technology for wireless asset management

Barcode and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies can automatically identify enterprise assets. In particular, RFID is a data collection tool that enables wireless identification and tracking of tagged assets. Radio frequency (RF) signaling does not require direct line of sight. A new global standard was defined for passive RFID technology by EPCglobal, an organization formed as a joint venture between European Article Numbering (EAN) International and the Uniform Code Council (UCC). This standard, which was approved by EPCglobal in December 2004, is known as the class-1 generation-2 UHF (ultra high frequency) RFID standard and this standard can be used for commercial and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) asset management in the immediate future. This paper discusses the features of this new UHF RFID standard and their implications for asset management. Of these features, tag memory, security techniques, operational modes, communication methods, global applicability, and other expected implementation specific improvements are covered. When discussing each feature, the improvements the feature brings to asset management also mentioned. Lastly, the future of this technology and its pending acceptance by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and community of end users are examined
Normal Tissue Toxicity After Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Current techniques of APBI differ markedly in their dosimetric and radiobiological properties. As such, normal tissue toxicity data must be carefully collected in a prospective fashion for each treatment modality and fractionation scheme. Ongoing assessment of both clinical and treatment-related factors that may contribute to adverse normal tissue effects is required in order to minimize the risk of both early and late toxicity. To date, our most complete understanding of the incidence and variables associated with normal tissue injury after APBI is based upon the experience with interstitial brachytherapy and, to a lesser degree, the MammoSite catheter. The general applicability of the lessons learned with these catheter systems to other APBI modalities must be approached with caution.
Advanced methods for cosmic microwave background data analysis: the big N^3 and how to beat it

In this talk I propose the first fast methods which can analyze CMB data taking into account correlated noise, arbitrary beam shapes, non-uniform distribution of integration time on the sky, and partial sky coverage, without the need for approximations. These ring torus methods work by performing the analysis in the time ordered domain (TOD) rather than on the sky map of fluctuations. They take advantage of the simplicity of noise correlations in the TOD as well as certain properties of the group of rotations SO(3). These properties single out a family of scanning strategies as favorable, namely those which scan on rings and have the geometry of an n-torus. This family includes the strategies due to TOPHAT, MAP and Planck. I first develop the tools to model the time ordered signal, using Fast Fourier Transform methods for convolution of two arbitrary functions on the sphere (Wandelt and Gorski 2000). Then I apply these ideas to show that in the case of a 2-torus one can reduce the time taken for CMB power spectrum analysis from an unfeasible order N^3 to order N^2, where N ~ 10^5-10^8 is the number of resolution elements (Wandelt and Hansen, in preparation).
Innervation and function of rat tail muscles for modeling cauda equina injury and repair.

Introduction: The rat tail exhibits functional impairment after cauda equina injury. Our goal was to better understand the innervation and roles of muscles that control the tail. Methods: Adult rats received either: (1) ventral root injury; (2) caudales nerve injury; or (3) mapping of sacrococcygeal myotomes. Activation of small muscles within the tail itself (intrinsics) was compared with that of larger lumbosacral muscles acting on the tail (extrinsics). Behavioral testing of tail movement was done 1 week later. Results: Rats that received ventral root injury exhibited multiple behavioral deficits, whereas rats with injury to caudales nerves maintained more fully preserved tail movement. Mapping studies revealed much broader overlap of myotomes for extrinsic muscles. Conclusions: Extrinsic tail muscles play a greater role in tail movement in the rat than their intrinsic counterparts and are innervated by multiple neurological segments. These findings have major implications for future research on cauda equina injury. Muscle Nerve 52: 94–102, 2015
TGF-β-Mediated Suppression by CD4 + CD25 + T Cells Is Facilitated by CTLA-4 Signaling

CD4 + CD25 + T cells play a pivotal role in immunological homeostasis by their capacity to exert immunosuppressive activity. However, the mechanism by which these cells function is still a subject for debate. We previously reported that surface (membrane) TGF-β produced by CD4 + CD25 + T cells was an effector molecule mediating suppressor function. We now support this finding by imaging surface TGF-β on Foxp3 + CD4 + CD25 + T cells in confocal fluorescence microscopy. Then, using a TGF-β-sensitive mink lung epithelial cell (luciferase) reporter system, we show that surface TGF-β can be activated to signal upon cell-cell contact. Moreover, if such TGF-β signaling is blocked in an in vitro assay of CD4 + CD25 + T cell suppression by a specific inhibitor of TGF-βRI, suppressor function is also blocked. Finally, we address the role of CTLA-4 in CD4 + CD25 + T cell suppression, showing first that whereas anti-CTLA-4 does not block in vitro suppressor function, it does complement the blocking activity of anti-TGF-β. We then show with confocal fluorescence microscopy that incubation of CD4 + CD25 + T cells with anti-CTLA-4- and rB7-1/Fc-coated beads results in accumulation of TGF-β at the cell-bead contact site. This suggests that CTLA-4 signaling facilitates TGF-β-mediated suppression by intensifying the TGF-β signal at the point of suppressor cell-target cell interaction.
Harmonising Chart and Navigation Information on ECDIS

ECDIS is a real-time navigation system that integrates a variety of chart and navigation- related information. More than simply a replacement for a paper nautical chart, ECDIS is capable of continuously determining a vessel's position in relation to land, charted objects, aids-to-navigation, and unseen hazards. Increasingly, ECDIS is being used for both navigation and collision-avoidance tasks. There is growing concern about the display of ever-increasing amounts of both chart and navigation-related information. When it comes to using ECDIS, displaying more information is not necessarily better. Too much information (i.e., clutter) may only lead to confusion. In this regard, there is need to 'harmonize' the simultaneous display of both chart and navigation-related information.
Effects of a comprehensive training program on clinician beliefs about and intention to use prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD.

Objective Evidence for treatment efficacy does not guarantee adoption in clinical practice. Attitudinal "buy-in" from clinicians is also important. This study examines evaluation data from a national training program in an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, to assess changes in clinician beliefs related to the importance of specific treatment goals, PE outcome expectations, self-efficacy to deliver PE, perceived time and emotional burdens associated with delivering PE, and intentions to use PE. Method Training included both an interactive workshop and posttraining telephone consultation. Participants were 943 licensed mental health clinicians who treated veterans with PTSD. They completed questionnaires before and after the workshop, and after consultation. Results Results indicated that workshop participation was associated with significant increases in perceptions of the importance of helping patients improve by employing PE, expectations that patients would benefit from PE, and self-efficacy to deliver PE, and with reduced expectations of negative patient outcomes and concerns about distressing patients. The workshop alone had little impact on expected clinician emotional burden and no impact on anticipated time burden. Participation in ongoing case consultation was associated with additional increases in expected positive patient outcomes and clinician self-efficacy and further reductions in concerns about distressing patients and negative patient outcomes. Unlike the workshop, consultation was associated with decreased expectancies that PE would take too much time and would be emotionally burdensome to provide. Conclusion Overall, the results suggest that the combination of workshop and ongoing consultation can significantly improve beliefs likely to affect treatment adoption. (PsycINFO Database Record
Antisymmetrized distorted wave theory of inelastic nucleon scattering

Abstract Transition amplitudes for inelastic nucleon scattering from nuclei are developed using an antisymmetrized distorted wave approximation. Nuclear states are specified by a microscopic model of nuclear structure. The transition operator includes central tensor and core polarization terms. A collective model approximation is used to define the core polarization contribution. The central force has a Yukawa form while the tensor force is chosen to have a modified Yukawa shape. Inelastic proton scattering to the first excited state of 89 Y is analysed for incident energies of 18.8, 24.5 and 61.2 MeV. In addition, analysis of the inelastic scattering of 61.4 MeV protons to the 5 − state of 90 Zr at 2.315 MeV excitation is reported. Good fits to the data are obtained. Large effects due to exchange matrix elements are noted. Strong variations in results are seen when the central interaction singlet and triplet strengths are varied. The tensor force plays an important role in modifying the triplet contributions. For the triplet odd channel required in our analysis, tensor force matrix elements are 10 % of the central force values. With a more realistic form, this is expected to increase and may be 30 %. The fits at lower energy require a density dependence of the effective interaction. This complements such requirements in recent spectroscopy studies. Also the importance of small-amplitude configuration mixing is evident. The core polarization contributions that represents the summation of such terms are necessary features of the analyses. This is particularly so in the analysis of the 90 Zr reaction.
Computer-Intensive Algebra and Students' Conceptual Knowledge of Functions.

This article describes a research project that examined the effects of the Computer-Intensive Algebra (CIA) and traditional algebra curricula on students' understanding of the function concept. The foundation for the research is a proposed conceptual framework that describes function knowledge in terms of component competencies. The results indicated that the CIA students achieved a better overall understanding of functions and were better at the components of modeling, interpreting, and translating. No significant differences were found for reifying, which emerged as the most difficult component in the proposed function model. Further, the CIA students showed significant improvements in their attitudes toward mathematics, were less anxious about mathematics, and rated their class as more interesting. A higher percentage of students successfully completed the CIA course. In response to calls for reform in the teaching and learning of mathematics (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 1980), an innovative curriculum, Computer-Intensive Algebra (CIA), was developed as an alternative approach to traditional algebra (TA). CIA is a function-oriented curriculum that is characterized by (a) a problemsolving approach based on the modeling of realistic situations, (b) an emphasis on conceptual knowledge, and (c) the extensive use of technology. Whereas previous research (Boers-van Oosterum, 1990; Matras, 1988) had shown the beneficial effects of CIA on students' problem-solving abilities and on their understanding of variables, the project described here was designed to examine the curriculum's effects on students' understanding of functions. A natural prerequisite to the investigation was a careful delineation of students' knowledge of the function concept. Furthermore, this definition of function knowledge had to be in the format of a working model that could be operationalized and assessed. These considerations led to the development of a conceptual model for describing an understanding of functions, a model that established the basic foundation for this research.
Practical Lessons for Gathering Quality Labels at Scale

Information retrieval researchers and engineers use human computation as a mechanism to produce labeled data sets for product development, research and experimentation. To gather useful results, a successful labeling task relies on many different elements: clear instructions, user interface guidelines, representative high-quality datasets, appropriate inter-rater agreement metrics, work quality checks, and channels for worker feedback. Furthermore, designing and implementing tasks that produce and use several thousands or millions of labels is different than conducting small scale research investigations. In this paper we present a perspective for collecting high quality labels with an emphasis on practical problems and scalability. We focus on three main topics: programming crowds, debugging tasks with low agreement, and algorithms for quality control. We show examples from an industrial setting.
Selected Challenges From Spatial Statistics For Spatial Econometricians

Griffith and Paelinck (2011) present selected non-standard spatial statistics and spatial econometrics topics that address issues associated with spatial econometric methodology. This paper addresses the following challenges posed by spatial autocorrelation alluded to and/or derived from the spatial statistics topics of this book: the Gaussian random variable Jacobian term for massive datasets; topological features of georeferenced data; eigenvector spatial filtering-based georeferenced data generating mechanisms; and, interpreting random effects.
Mutation leading to gene fusion in the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium.

A spontaneous polar mutation located in the region of an intercistronic border in the hiatidine operon of Salmonella was isolated in our laboratory. The mutant, R81, tests as a frameshift in reversion experiments but is prototrophic, capable of growth without histidine supplements despite lowered levels of certain histidine enzymes. The mutation affects the operator distal end of the D gene, causing production of an active histidinol dehydrogenase enzyme with an altered C-terminus. The mutation severely affects expression of the immediately succeeding gene in the translation sequence, hisC, suggesting either that the D–C border and possibly hisC are physically altered or that their normal function in translation is seriously impaired. We have previously described the fortuitous production from R81 of a non-polar derivative with fused D and C genes. This strain produces a bifunctional enzyme with normally separate dehydrogenase and aminotransferase activities present on dimers or multimers of a single fused polypeptide chain. We have now investigated in greater detail the R81 mutation by amino acid sequencing of the C-terminus of altered histidinol dehydrogenase. We find that the R81 mutation causes the addition of a “tail” of four amino acid residues to an otherwise normal dehydrogenase polypeptide chain. The results support our previous suggestion that the R81 mutation profoundly effects the D–C gene border and that this effect is prerequisite to gene fusion.
History and the Christian historian

This volume arises out of special concerns of historians who are also Christians. What case can be made for connecting historical work and religious convictions? What is the relation of faith to history? What difference could Christian perspectives make in historical study? Thirteen respected scholars - including some who have changed the face of history writing in the twentieth century - here take up a diversity of subjects in giving a provisional answer to these important questions. In exploring foundational issues of perspective and theory, engaging discrete themes such as feminism, puritanism, and missiology, and discussing the application of religious insights in teaching history, this excellent collection of essays forthrightly addresses the "epistemological crisis" brought on by the postmodern critique of truth and demonstrates the positive implications of a Christian perspective for the study of history and historiography.
The effect of central nervous system lesions on brain monoamines and behavior

Lesions were made bilaterally in the lateral hypothalamus in ten rats and in the posteromedial hypothalamic midbrain transition in ten rats. A control group of ten rats had electrodes passed and withdran without any current. The groups of rats were given 12 min of escape conditioning in an operant conditioning situation. The telencephalon was analyzed for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). Brain stems were examined microscopically for lesion site. There was a significant correlation between: (1) low 5-HT and NE in the telencephalon and both lesions, and (2) between prolongation of the escape latency and low 5-HT and NE in telencephalon with a significant difference from control rats, (P <0·001, differences in 5-HT and NE) (P <0·01, difference in escape latency).
Long-term Habituation of the Smile Response with Deep Brain Stimulation

Human and animal research has shown that the ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens, may play a critical role in mediating positive emotions. Recently we described a subject with obsessive-compulsive disorder who intra-operatively exhibited the acute onset of an asymmetric smile and acute positive emotional change with contralateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) in either the right or left nucleus accumbens and anterior limb of the internal capsule region. The purpose of the present study was to examine the stability of the stimulation-induced smile(s) over a 12-month period. Custom computer software objectively quantified left and right facial movement during DBS. Although stimulation-induced smiles were elicited at one and two months post-surgery, they were no longer present from 3-12 months following chronic high frequency DBS. The smiles could not be elicited even with long washout periods. These findings imply potential long-term habituation and changes in the neural chemistry (possibly neuroplasticity) induced by chronic DBS.
A stratospheric ozone trends data set for global modeling studies

A global stratospheric ozone trends data set is described, providing monthly profile trend estimates derived for the period 1979–1997. SAGE I/II profile trends are used above 20 km outside of polar regions, and results between the tropopause and 20 km are derived by differencing SAGE and TOMS column ozone trends. In polar regions trends are derived from ozone sonde data up to 27 km, using the near-complete profile records at Syowa (69°S) and Resolute (75°N). While these polar ozonesonde trends agree well with TOMS outside of polar night, the Arctic data furthermore indicate significant ozone losses beginning in midwinter (January) that are not observable in TOMS data.
Enhanced dopamine cell survival in reaggregates containing telencephalic target cells

Dissociated, 14-day-old embryonic cells of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum (RMT), including the dopamine neurons of this region, were allowed to reaggregate and develop in rotatory culture for 7 days in the presence of dissociated embryonic cells from the target areas of the dopaminergic neurons, corpus striatum (CS) or frontal cortex (FCx). Alternatively, RMT cells were allowed to reaggregate by themselves or in the presence of dissociated cells from a telencephalic area, occipital cortex (OCx), or mesencephalic area, tectum (T), which are not target areas for the dopamine neurons. Histofluorescence analysis revealed the number of dopamine neurons contained within reaggregates of any given type. Approximately 4 times as many dopamine neurons were found in RMT-CS coaggregates and 1.5 times as many in RMT-FCx coaggregates than in aggregates constituted from cells of the RMT either alone, or in coaggregates from RMT-OCx or RMT-T. Since axonal process formation and maintenance can only be observed in RMT-CS and RMT-FCx coaggregates, the enhanced dopamine neuron survival is probably due to an interaction of dopaminergic axonal processes with target cells within the reaggregates.
Sample average approximation applied to the capacitated-facilities location problem with unreliable facilities

The capacitated-facilities location problem (CFLP) deals with opening facilities with a finite capacity to serve a set of customers. This paper addresses the discrete CFLP when the opened facilities are unreliable, i.e. they are unavailable to provide service to customers. Such problems have gained prominence in the recent past owing to their application in the area of supply-chain disruptions. A stochastic programming formulation for the CFLP with unreliable facilities is presented and the benefit of investing in redundant facility locations is demonstrated. A sampling-based algorithm called the sample average approximation algorithm is used to approximately solve this model and present computational results.
Optical conductivity of doped polyaniline: Effects of disorder

Abstract Variation of the solvent used in processing doped polyaniline (PAN) films produce a wide range of crystallinity and de conductivity. The conductivity at optical frequencies shows how oscillator strength is shifted from strongly bound localized polaron states to weakly bound conduction states with improved structural order. The effective mass ( m ∗ ) decreases with increasing order, showing that the effective bandwidth for the weakly localized conduction states is larger. With further improvements in processing, a significant fraction of the conduction electrons become delocalized.
Characteristics of Persons Utilizing a Geriatric Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic

Mental-health service utilization among elderly people has been shown to be low relative to younger age groups. This study was done to determine the current proportion of elderly persons served in a university-affiliated psychiatry outpatient clinic, and to better characterize elderly patients who receive specialized mental-health care in this setting. The proportion of visits from elderly patients (aged 60 and over) was found to be 16%. Demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of 140 consecutive geriatric patients evaluated at the clinic were obtained. The data revealed that the patients had a mean age of 74.7+/-7.5 (SD) years, and were mostly female (72.1%) and white (78.6%). Surprisingly, the age distribution was found to be bell shaped, with a small upper tail. The three most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses were depression (56.4%), dementia (35.7%), and substance use disorder (20%). Overall, 59.3% of geriatric patients had a history of prior psychiatric treatment. Females were significantly more likely than males to have a psychiatric history (69.3% vs. 33.3%, P = .0001). Among patients with a psychiatric history, females were more likely to have a current diagnosis of major depression (P = .0006), while males were more likely to have a current substance use disorder (P = .03). The prevalence of dementia increased with each successive decade above 60, while the occurrence of bipolar and adjustment disorders was confined to younger geriatric patients. Elderly patients receiving psychiatric treatment in the clinic thus formed a heterogeneous group. Gender, age, and presence of a psychiatric history were all associated with differences in prevalence and distribution of various mental disorders in this geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic.
First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-9 in Washington State Vineyards.

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) has been recognized as one of the major constraints to the production of wine grapes in Washington State. At least nine distinct Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1 to -9) have been detected in grapevines showing GLD symptoms in grape-growing areas of several countries. Previous studies documented the presence of GLRaV-1, -2, and -3 in Washington State (3). We initiated a program to test grapevine cultivars with GLD symptoms for the occurrence of the other GLRaVs. Leaf samples were collected from individual grapevines of red-berried grapevine cultivars showing typical GLD symptoms and tested by single-tube reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Of nearly 300 samples from 13 cultivars in 19 vineyards, 14 samples from 5 cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Mourvedre, and Lagrein) in different vineyards tested positive for GLRaV-9 using primers LR9 F/F (5′-CGG CAT AAG AAA AGA TGG CAC-3′) and LR9 R/R (5′-TCA TTC ACC ACT GCT TGA AC-3′), specific for the HSP-70...
From the Editor-in-Chief: Changes to Enhance the Author Experience.

JMBE Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Samantha Elliott, thanks past volunteers for their efforts and discusses several new author enhancements related to the recently expanded scope, including video tutorials, a self-assessment tool, and a thematic issue.
Storageless value prediction using prior register values

This paper presents a technique called register value prediction (RVP) which uses a type of locality called register-value reuse. By predicting that an instruction will produce the value that is already stored in the destination register, we eliminate the need for large value buffers to enable value prediction. Even without the large buffers, register-value prediction can be made as or more effective than last-value prediction, particularly with the aid of compiler management of values in the register file.Both static and dynamic register value prediction techniques are demonstrated to exploit register-value reuse, the former requiring minimal instruction set architecture changes and the latter requiring a set of small confidence counters. We show an average gain of 12% with dynamic RVP and moderate compiler assistance on a next generation processor, and 15% on a 16-wide processor.
Langmuir-blodgett multilayers of polymer-merocyanine-dye mixtures

Deposition studies of mixed monolayers of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and merocyanine chromophore (M22) were carried out by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The equilibrium surface pressure vs. specific area of the monolayers at the air-water interface was measured for several mixtures. The specific area vs. film composition at a fixed surface pressure deviated from linear behavior. The deposition of the monolayer onto a glass substrate was Z type for mixtures with high PMMA content, while Y type was preferred for mixtures with high dye content. The former structure exhibited second harmonic generation and should be of considerable interest in exploring the non-linear optical effects in Langmuir-Blodgett films. When prepared under a class 100 modular laminar flow hood and observed with reflection microscopy, the films showed no evidence of aggregate formation, suggesting that the PMMA-M22 mixtures were miscible.
Painful facet joint injury induces neuronal stress activation in the DRG: implications for cellular mechanisms of pain.

The cervical facet joint is implicated as one of the most common sources of chronic neck pain, owing to its rich nociceptive innervation and susceptibility to injurious mechanical loading. Injuries to the facet joint and its ligament can induce inflammation in the joint and spinal cord. Inflammatory molecules which are known to have a role in pain can also stimulate the integrated stress response (ISR). Therefore, we hypothesize that ISR is activated by facet joint injury in a rodent model of pain. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the expression of binding protein (BiP) (also known as growth-related protein 78 (GRP78)), a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after painful facet joint injury. In a rodent model of facet joint injury, dynamic distraction of the C6/C7 joint (injury, n = 12) was imposed; sham procedures were performed separately (sham, n = 8). Forepaw mechanical allodynia was assessed postoperatively for 7 days as a quantitative measure of pain symptoms. The C6 DRG was harvested and assessed for BiP expression using triple label immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and immunoblot analyses. BiP was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the DRG after injury than sham and was expressed predominantly in neurons. Similarly, quantification of BiP by immunoblot demonstrated a significant 2.1-fold increase (p = 0.03) in injury compared to sham at day 7. Findings suggest neuronal stress activation is associated with painful facet joint injury, and that joint loading may directly mediate the behavior of DRG neurons in this class of injury.
Petrography of isotopically-dated clasts in the Kapoeta howardite and petrologic constraints on the evolution of its parent body

Detailed mineralogic and petrographic data are presented for four isotopically-dated basaltic rock fragments separated from the howardite Kapoeta. Clasts C and ρ have been dated at ~4.55 AE and ~ 4.60 AE respectively, and Clast ρ contains ^(244)Pu and ^(129)I decay products. These are both igneous rocks that preserve all the features of their original crystallization from a melt. They thus provide good evidence that the Kapoeta parent body produced basaltic magmas shortly after its formation (< 100 m.y.). Clast A has yielded a Rb-Sr age of ~ 3.89 AE and a similar ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar age. This sample is extensively recrystallized, and we interpret the ages as a time of recrystallization, and not the time of original crystallization from a melt. Clast B has yielded a Rb-Sr age of ~ 3.63 AE, and an ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar age of ⪆ 4.50 AE. This sample is moderately recrystallized, and the Rb-Sr age probably indicates a time of recrystallization, whereas the ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar age more closely approaches the time of crystallization from a melt. Thus, there is no clearcut evidence for ‘young’ magmatism on the Kapoeta parent body. Kapoeta is a ‘regolith’ meteorite, and mineral-chemical and petrographic data were obtained for numerous other rock and mineral fragments in order to characterize the surface and near-surface materials on its parent body. Rock clasts can be grouped into two broad lithologic types on the basis of modal mineralogy—basaltic (pyroxene- and plagioclase-bearing) and pyroxenitic (pyroxenebearing). Variations in the compositions of pyroxenes in rock and mineral clasts are similar to those in terrestrial mafic plutons such as the Skaergaard, and indicate the existence of a continuous range in rock compositions from Mg-rich orthopyroxenites to very iron-rich basalts. The FeO and MnO contents of all pyroxenes in Kapoeta fall near a line with FeO/MnO ~ 35, suggesting that the source rocks are fundamentally related. We interpret these observations to indicate that the Kapoeta meteorite represents the comminuted remains of differentiated igneous complexes together with ‘primary’ undifferentiated basaltic rocks. The presently available isotopic data are compatible with the interpretation that this magmatism is related to primary differentiation of the Kapoeta parent body. In addition, our observations preclude the interpretation that the Kapoeta meteorite is a simple mixture of eucrites and diogenites. The FeO/MnO value in lunar pyroxenes (~60) is distinct from that of the pyroxenes in Kapoeta. Anorthositic rocks were not observed in Kapoeta, suggesting that plagioclase was not important in the evolution of the Kapoeta parent body, in contrast to the Moon. Both objects appear to have originated in chemically-distinct portions of the solar system, and to have undergone differentiation on different time scales involving differing materials.
Cleavage of iron2-alkenyl and iron2-alkynyl bonds by mercury(II) chloride

Abstract Reactions of HgCl 2 with η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 R (R  CH 2 CHCH 2 and CH 2 C(CH 3 )CH 2 ) in THF at 25°C rapidly afford 1 1 adducts of the two reactants. These adducts were converted to the corresponding PF 6 − salts, [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 (η 2 -CH 2 C(R)CH 2 HgCl)] + PF 6 − (R  H and CH 3 ), for characterization. Slower reactions with cleavage of the ironcarbon σ bond and elimination of the R group from η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 R occur for R  CH 2 CHC(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CHCHC 6 H 5 , and CH 2 CCC 6 H 5 . Both elimination and 1 1 adduct formation are observed when R  CH 2 CHCHCH 3 . The kinetics of the cleavage reactions are presented and possible mechanisms for both cleavage and 1 1 adduct formation are discussed.
Wetting of silicon wafers by n-alkanes

We examine the wetting behavior of various n-alkanes on both oxide-coated and silane-coated Si wafers. n-Hexane and n-heptane completely wet a silane-coated Si wafer while n-octane exhibits a wetting transition at Tw ≃ 60 °C. In the complete wetting region, the wetting layer thicknesses as a function of temperature and height are markedly thinner than that which would be predicted by a long-ranged nonretarded dispersion interaction in competition with a gravitationally determined chemical potential. By contrast, the isothermal pressure measurements of Beaglehole and Christenson (J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 3395) for n-pentane on an oxide-coated Si wafer display a much thicker wetting film than would be predicted when the dispersion and pressure-induced chemical potential are taken into account. We resolve these disparate experimental results as a function of temperature, height, and pressure by considering the influence of a number of medium-ranged interactions.
Influence of Cage Type and Dietary Zinc Oxide upon Molybdenum Toxicity

Molybdenum-fed rats housed in galvanized cages gained less weight and had lower hemoglobin levels than similarly fed rats housed in stainless steel cages. Since similar effects were produced in rats housed in stainless steel cages by increasing the zinc in their diets, it was concluded that zinc consumed by chewing on zinc-coated cages was responsible for the abnormalities noted.
Incremental Validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale Over the MMPI Ego Strength Scale and IQ

A recent meta-analysis found that the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale (RPRS) had a strong ability to predict subsequent outcome (r = .44, N = 783; Meyer & Handler, 1997, this issue). However, that review did not directly address questions of incremental validity. This article focuses on the ability of the RPRS to predict outcome after taking into account other sources of data. Across studies that examined both the RPRS and the MMPI Ego Strength scale, the RPRS had a strong ability to predict outcome (r = .40, N = 187), whereas the MMPI scale did not (r = .02, N = 280). Nine studies examined the RPRS along with an intelligence test and allowed direct numerical estimates of incremental validity to be calculated. Across studies, the RPRS demonstrated strong incremental validity after controlling for intelligence (incremental r = .36, N = 358). It is clear that the Rorschach can make unique contributions to understanding clinically relevant processes in ways that self-reports or measured intelligence cannot...
An Image Understanding System Based On Macro Data Flow

Current algorithms used in image processing and image understanding applications impose diverse and demanding computational requirements on processor architectures. While general purpose computers can provide the needed types of computation, the performance requirements driven by high-rate imaging sensors force system architects to use highly parallel and/or specialized hardware to attain an efficient system realization. To date, end-to-end systems capable of attaining real-time performance at full sensor data rates have relied on a mixture of processor types generally including specialized hardware for low-level pixel processing and general purpose processors for abstract symbolic data manipulation. Such systems are plagued by several problems: a clean division of algorithms among processor types is difficult and can impose artificial constraints; each processor type requires a different software environment making a unified programming methodology difficult; specialized pixel processing hardware frequently possesses little or no programmability; and programmable processors rely on microcoding to maximize concurrency but make the conversion from course-grained high-order languages difficult. Honeywell's Macro architecture uses data-driven data flow techniques developed for supercomputing to attain high performance parallel computation while simplifying high-order language programming. A compact and efficient processor realization is attained through a system organization which takes advantage of the macro nature of signal and image data and through hardware constructs which make low-level pipelining invisible to the user.
Malignant smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: an ultrastructural study of 20 cases.

Twenty malignant soft tissue tumors arising from the stomach or intestine have been studied by light and electron microscopy, and the clinical records of each patient reviewed. The tumors were all considered to be of smooth muscle origin by light microscopy: Ten were spindle cell and ten were epithelioid neoplasms. By electron microscopy, only five tumors possessed smooth muscle features. A sequence of dedifferentiation could be traced among the remaining cases, indicating that the epithelioid tumors are of smooth muscle derivation. Awareness of the broad spectrum of fine structure displayed by these neoplasms will facilitate their ultrastructural identification.
Directive effects in the opening of epoxides with trimethylsilyl cyanide - zinc iodide. The establishment of three contiguous chiral centers.

Abstract Adjacent hydroxyl, trimethylsiloxyl, and acetoxyl groups have been shown to provide complete control over the regiospecificity of the opening of epoxides by trimethylsilyl cyanide - zinc iodide. Thus, cyclohex-2-en-R*-1-ol can be readily converted into (1R*;2S*;3R*)-3-aminocyclohexan-1,2-diol.
A system of dynamic demand functions for food

(1982). A system of dynamic demand functions for food. Applied Economics: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 375-389.
Strong coupled superconductor in proximity with a quench-condensed ferromagnetic Ni film: A search for oscillating T c

We present results of in situ transport and tunneling measurements on a quench-condensed (QC) Pb film covered by a QC ferromagnetic Ni layer. This experiment provides new evidence in the controversy over the existence of inhomogeneous superconductivity in a superconducting/ferromagnet $(S/F)$ system. The critical temperature of the superconducting Pb/Ni bilayer has been measured for numerous thicknesses of Pb ranging from 5 to 80 nm. No oscillatory behavior as a function of Ni thickness has been observed in the variation of ${T}_{c},$ implying no $\ensuremath{\pi}$ state in those bilayers. These results are interpreted in light of recent theoretical developments. Tunneling measurements of $(dI/dV)$ on Pb/Ni also show a monotonic depairing effect in the density of states of Pb versus the Ni thickness, which further confirms the absence of nonconventional superconductivity in this Pb/Ni system.
Synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents

A route for the synthesis of various derivatives of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid from 2-phenyl-3-amino-4-t-butoxycarbonyl-5-methylpyrrole hydrochloride is reported.
Embedded DRAM: technology platform for the Blue Gene/L chip

The Blue Gene®/L chip is a technological tour de force that embodies the system-on-a-chip concept in its entirety. This paper outlines the salient features of this 130-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, including the IBM unique embedded dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology. Crucial to the execution of Blue Gene/L is the simultaneous instantiation of multiple PowerPC® cores, high-performance static random access memory (SRAM), DRAM, and several other logic design blocks on a single-platform technology. The IBM embedded DRAM platform allows this seamless integration without compromising performance, reliability, or yield. We discuss the process architecture, the key parameters of the logic components used in the processor cores and other logic design blocks, the SRAM features used in the L2 cache, and the embedded DRAM that forms the L3 cache. We also discuss the evolution of embedded DRAM technology into a higher-performance space in the 90-nm and 65-nm nodes and the potential for dynamic memory to improve overall memory subsystem performance.
Planning heavy lifts for humanoid robots

Lifting heavy objects poses a unique challenge for humanoid robots and more broadly, for any robot which is responsible for maintaining its own balance. Configurations that are balanced without supporting a heavy object's weight might not be balanced while the object's weight is being supported, and vice versa. In this paper, we present a series of planning techniques which resolve these issues without relying on real time control methods or extensive force/torque sensing. We introduce the novel concept of the Virtual Task Dimension (VTD) for motion planners, which can handle the transition between balancing constraints. We describe the implementation of these techniques and offer suggestions for obtaining fast and reliable solutions. We also demonstrate the algorithms running on a DRC-Hubo humanoid robot.
An analysis of the role of coenzyme Q in free radical generation and as an antioxidant

The vital role of coenzyme Q in mitochondrial electron transfer and its regulation, and in energy conservation, is well established. However, the role of coenzyme Q in free oxyradical formation and as an antioxidant remains controversial. Demonstration of the existence of the semiquinone form of coenzyme Q during electron transport, coupled with recent evidence that hydrogen peroxide (but not molecular oxygen) may act as an oxidant of the semiquinone, suggests that the highly reactive OH∙ radical may be formed from the semiquinone. On the other hand, data exist implicating the Fe–S species as the source of electron transfer chain, free radical production. Additional data exist suggesting instead that the unpaired electron of the coenzyme Q semiquinone most likely dismutates superoxide radicals. These concepts and those arising from observations at several levels of organization including subcellular systems, intact animals, and human subjects in the clinical setting, supporting the concept of reduced coen...
American women and the lingering implications of coverture

Abstract Because coverture restrictions prevented most married American women from the colonial period through a good part of the 19th century from acting as their own agents at law or to have independent property rights, attempts were made to modify this legal disability. Married Women Property Acts partially remedied some of these legal disabilities, but others lingered well into the 20th century because, unlike most contracts, the marriage contract in the United States still remains unwritten and so, its terms are not defined. Even with the advent of contractual marriages in the 1970s and 1980s, coverture overtones continue to exist. While some state courts have accepted these contractual arrangements, others have not and their enforcement remains problematic “because the law still prescribes sex-differentiated marital roles and male domination.”
The origin of extended states in conducting polymers

Abstract We show in this lecture that the metal transition in polyacetylene and polyaniline can be explained by a single disordered model that possesses a set of conducting states in 1-dimension.
Inhibition of Pathogenicity of the Rice Blast Fungus by Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-Factor

Magnaporthe grisea is a fungal pathogen with two mating types, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, that forms a specialized cell necessary for pathogenesis, the appressorium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor pheromone blocked appressorium formation in a mating type-specific manner and protected plants from infection by MAT1-2 strains. Experiments with alpha-factor analogs suggest that the observed activity is due to a specific interaction of alpha-factor with an M. grisea receptor. Culture filtrates of a MAT1-1 strain contained an activity that inhibited appressorium formation of mating type MAT1-2 strains. These findings provide evidence that a pheromone response pathway exists in M. grisea that can be exploited for plant protection.
Coupling of ocean bottom seismometers to soft bottom

Unlike response of seismometers resting on hard rock where the seismometer case moves with the rock to high frequencies, the response of ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) can be strongly affected by the low mechanical strength of ocean sediments. The motion as measured by the seismometer will not follow the expected relationships between pressure and particle motion for different wave types. Cross coupling between horizontal and vertical motions can occur, especially when there is differential motion between water and sediment. Resonant amplification and attenuation of higher frequencies also occur. Secondary seismic arrivals are especially subject to distortion. Overall response is strongly dependent upon the mass and configuration of the OBS and the rigidity and density of the bottom material. Tests at Lopez Island, Puget Sound using both directly applied mechanical transients and seismic signals with various instrument configurations demonstrate the above effects and provide some guidance for improved designs.