cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Body rate decoupling using haltere mid-stroke measurements for inertial flight stabilization in Diptera

Halteres, the modified rear wings of Diptera, have long been recognized as sensory organs necessary for basic flight stability. These organs, which act as vibrating structure gyroscopes, are known to sense strains proportional to Coriolis accelerations. While compensatory responses have been demonstrated that indicate the ability of insects to distinguish all components of the body rate vector, the specific mechanism by which the halteres are able to decouple the body rates has not been clearly understood. The research documented in this report describes a potential mechanism, using averaged strain and strain rate at the center of the haltere stroke, to decouple the inertial rate components. Through dynamic simulation of a nonlinear model of the haltere 3-dimensional trajectory, this straightforward method was demonstrated to provide an accurate means of generating signals that are proportional to three orthogonal body rate components. Errors associated with residual nonlinearity and rate-coupling were quantified for a bilaterally reconstructed body rate vector over a full range of pitch and yaw rates and two roll rate conditions. Models that are compatible with insect physiology are proposed for performing necessary signal averaging and bilateral processing.
A re-examination of socially responsible consumption and its measurement☆

Abstract Socially responsible consumption is increasing and many companies are responding to the desires and, in some cases, demands of socially and environmentally responsible consumers. Theoretically, the domain of socially responsible consumption has changed over the years, as have socially responsible corporate programs in the marketplace. The Socially Responsible Purchase and Disposal (SRPD) scale is developed to reflect recent developments that have occurred in theory and practice. Three dimensions of socially responsible consumption emerge: (1) purchasing based on firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance; (2) recycling; and (3) avoidance and use reduction of products based on their environmental impact. The SRPD provides a tool for academicians and practitioners in the development of theory and marketing strategy.
Adaptive linear prediction of radiation belt electrons using the Kalman filter

[1] Prior studies have examined the time-stationary (and quasi-stationary) dynamic response of relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt to changes in solar wind bulk speed using linear prediction filters [Baker et al., 1990; Vassiliadis et al., 2002]. For this study, we have implemented an adaptive system identification scheme, based on the Kalman filter with process noise, to determine optimal time-dependent electron response functions. The nonlinear dynamic response of the radiation belts can then be tracked in time by recursively updating the optimal linear filter coefficients as new observations become available. We demonstrate a significant improvement in zero-time-lag electron log-flux “predictions” relative to models that are based on time-stationary linear prediction filters, while incurring only a slight increase in computational complexity. We conclude by discussing modifications necessary for an operational specification and forecast model, including the assimilation of real-time data, more sophisticated model structures, and a more practical gridded description of the radiation belt state.
Duductive data analysis and mining Granular Computing on relation data

This article is about the data analysis and mining aspects of granular computing (GrC) that includes rough set theory (RST). This subject involves four concepts, deductive data analysis and mining (DDAM), relational databases (RDB), rough set theory (RST) and the granular computing (GrC). The results are quite far reaching.
Is climate change affecting wolf populations in the high arctic

Gobal climate change may affect wolves in Canada’s High Arctic (80° N) acting through three trophic levels (vegetation, herbivores, and wolves). A wolf pack dependent on muskoxen and arctic hares in the Eureka area of Ellesmere Island denned and produced pups most years from at least 1986 through 1997. However, when summer snow covered vegetation in 1997 and 2000 for the first time since records were kept, halving the herbivore nutrition-replenishment period, muskox and hare numbers dropped drastically, and the area stopped supporting denning wolves through 2003. The unusual weather triggering these events was consistent with global-climate-change phenomena.
Dynamic Evolution Systems and Applications in Intrusion Detection Systems

In this paper, we present a dynamic evolution system and build up a model to trace the transition of the system state. This new model differs from the previous methods, such as Bayesian network, artificial neural network, in two aspects: it can adapt the changes of the environment automatically, and it does not need a special training phase to build up a model. Theoretical analysis shows that it is applicable and practical, and furthermore, experimental results show that it has good performance especially in dynamic environment.
How hotel managers decide to discount room rates: A conjoint analysis

Abstract Hoteliers face a paradox in managing the differences between actual and expected demand in their daily operations. While making adjustments in pricing, management takes control of identifying a problem, collecting/interpreting information, and finally making a choice whether or not to discount. The role management plays in influencing the pattern of shifting demand in relation to room rates needs to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to explore how discount choices are made by hotel managers and to investigate the role of human judgment based on contextual factors in the decision-making process. A conjoint analysis was used to examine the discount decision-making process. Findings suggest that time (i.e. booking window) is perceived as the critical determining factor that leads managers to make discount choices associated with poor performance.
Precision of Hard Structures Used to Estimate Age of Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni)

Abstract. The mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) is a widely distributed salmonid in western North America that has decreased in abundance over portions of its distribution due to anthropogenic disturbances. In this investigation, we examined precision of age estimates derived from scales, pectoral fin rays, and sagittal otoliths from 167 mountain whitefish. Otoliths and pectoral fin rays were mounted in epoxy and cross-sectioned before examination. Scales were pressed onto acetate slides and resulting impressions were examined. Between-reader precision (i.e., between 2 readers), between-reader variability, and reader confidence ratings were compared among hard structures. Coefficient of variation (CV) in age estimates was lowest and percentage of exact agreement (PA-0) was highest for scales (CV = 5.9; PA-0 = 70%) compared to pectoral fin rays (CV =11.0; PA-0 = 58%) and otoliths (CV = 12.3; PA-0 = 55%). Median confidence ratings were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) among all structures, with s...
Revisiting Computational Models of Creative Storytelling Based on Imaginative Recall

Certain story generation systems consider the processes of imaginative recall and adaptation as central to human creativity in storytelling. Researchers have recently compared the output of these systems through the lens of Boden’s types of creativity [9]. This comparison highlights the contribution of predefined structures to story predictability, which influences perceived creativity. We revisit the connection between knowledge structures and story predictability, and compare Minstrel’s use of knowledge structures versus the use of Story Intention Graphs (SIGs) as the underlying case frames. Semantic information encoded in the SIG produces coherent stories and retains the imaginative recall and generalization aspect of Minstrel’s creative process. Mapping knowledge structures to SIGs enables the use of a common representation that is directly connected to surface realization. This opens up the performative aspect of creativity that does not come out in templated text outputs.
Ultrasonography estimates of fetal growth in fetuses affected by trisomy 21.

Abstract Objective To construct growth curves specific for fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21) and to compare them with the reference-based standard. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of ultrasonography examinations from women with singleton pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of T21 who sought care at an academic tertiary-care center in the USA between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Growth curves were constructed using linear regression and compared with the Hadlock standard. Results The study included 425 ultrasonography examinations from 235 women. The head circumference and femur length were smaller than the reference standards at all gestational ages (head circumference: P = 0.017; femur length: P Conclusion The T21-specific growth curves indicate anthropometric differences between T21 fetuses and the general population. Once validated, such individual growth curves could allow for more accurate prenatal assessment and management of fetuses affected by T21.
Use of shared faculty in U.S. and Canadian dental schools.

Dental schools are facing substantial financial challenges and a shortage of faculty members. One solution to address these issues has been to hire “shared” faculty members, i.e., faculty members whose primary appointment is at one institution who are hired by another institution to teach a course or part of a course. This is a controversial concept. A survey of academic deans at U.S. and Canadian dental schools was conducted for this study; thirty-nine (54 percent) of the seventy-two academic deans completed the online survey. This survey found that the use of shared faculty members is not rare amongst U.S. and Canadian dental schools and that the opinions of the academic deans about the use of shared faculty members ranged widely—from strong support to strong disapproval. Using shared faculty members has advantages and disadvantages for students, the shared faculty members, and both institutions. Many of the disadvantages could be potentially minimized by stakeholders’ working together to develop collaborative arrangements. Networks could be developed in which institutions coordinate hiring of shared faculty members based on what expertise is needed. Financial challenges and shortages of faculty members are unlikely to be resolved in the near future, but use of shared faculty members is one promising approach to begin to meet these challenges.
Hyphal wall composition of Lagenidium giganteum

Isolated hyphal walls of the Oomycete Lagenidium giganteum were studied by cytochemical, biochemical, and x-ray diffraction analyses. The principal wall component was /,-glucan, accounting for 77% of wall dry weight, the major portion of which is composed of (1 - 3)- and (1 ->6)-linked glucosyl residues. The qualitative presence of cellulose (A-I - 4 glucan) was demonstrated cytochemically and by x-ray diffraction analysis. Cellulose accounts for 9.1% of total wall dry weight. Hyphal walls also contain mannose, protein, ash (inorganic), and lipid components, accounting for 4.0, 5.8, 1.4, and 2.5 percent of wall dry weight, respectively. Trace quantities (< 1%) of glucosamine were detected in wall hydrolysates, but there is no cytochemical evidence for the presence of chitin in hyphal walls. In general, the hyphal wall composition of L. giganteum is similar to that observed in most other Oomycetes.
Small polaron characteristics of an OD center in TiO 2 studied by infrared spectroscopy

The fundamental OD center in TiO${}_{2}$ has been studied by IR absorption spectroscopy and by theory. Our experiments reveal a single sharp OD line in oxygenated samples that we attribute to a positively charged center. In TiO${}_{2}$ samples reduced by a treatment in a D${}_{2}$ ambient at 500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, a neutral OD center with two additional IR lines is produced. Similar results reported recently by Herklotz et al. [F. Herklotz, E. V. Lavrov, and J. Weber, Phys. Rev. B 83, 235202 (2011)] led them to suggest that the neutral OD center is a shallow donor with IR lines arising from its two charge states. Our analysis suggests instead that the properties of the neutral OD center are explained by a small polaron model, which involves several configurations corresponding to the localization of the electron on different nearby Ti sites.
Cathepsin activity of liver and muscle fractions of adrenalectomized rats.

SummaryCathepsin activity was determined in muscle and liver tissue fractions of adrenalectomized rats, adrenalectomized rats supplemented with saline, pair-fed intact controls, and ad libitum-fed controls. Cathepsin activity of skeletal muscle tissue conformed to the biochemical criteria necessary to be associated with lysosomes. Adrenalectomized rats had a significant increase in free cathepsin activity in muscle and liver, and a significant increase in total activity in muscle tissue. Intact animals fed 25% of the food intake of ad libitum-fed controls had significant increases in total activity, with no significant differences in free cathepsin activity. Adrenalectomized animals maintained with saline had greater free cathepsin activity in liver and muscle than their pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls, suggesting that the increased free activity was not due to electrolyte imbalance or starvation.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Telomerase Activity in Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes

SignificanceLow levels of telomerase activity create short telomeres, which in turn signal exit from the cell cycle, cell senescence and apoptosis. Low telomerase activity and short telomere length...
Determination of artificial pigments in cooked meat products by HPLC

[Objective]To establish a method for determination of four artificial pigments in cooked meat products by HPLC.[Methods]VARIAN ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column,and the mobile phase was methanol : ammonium acetate(0.02 nmol/L) with gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was at 428-527 nm,and the column temperature was 40 ℃.UV detector was applied for detection.[Results]The linearity range of four artificial pigments was 0.1-5 μg/ml,all correlation coefficients were high than 0.999,the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 1.2%-3.4%,and the average recovery was 84.5%-90.1%.The lowest detection limit of tartrazine,carmine,sunset yellow and fancy red was 0.3 mg/kg,0.3 mg/kg,0.15 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg,respectively.[Conclusion]This method has good sensitivity,precision and accuracy,which can meet the requirement of determination.
Women in Community Development 1970–1980: a Decade of Change

A study was made of women members of the Community Development Society as of 1980–81. A major aspect of the study concerned the degree to which women are participating in the Community Development Society. This part of the study investigated such things as female membership and the proportion of women members who serve on the board of directors, hold offices, publish articles in the Journal, and make presentations at annual meetings. The results showed that although the proportion of women in the CDS had increased between 1970–80, their participation in the activities of the society was low. These low rates of involvement seem to correspond to low rates of interest. As compared to women in some closely related professions, women community development professionals publish less often. Some suggestions are made for increasing the participation of women in the CDS. The balance of the study investigated a number of characteristics of women CD professionals as represented by the study population. The kinds of ...
Case-control study of memory disorders in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To discuss the incidence of memory impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in elderly patients and to provide the basis for the intervention of COPD.Methods 138 elderly patients with COPD were selected as case group,90 cases of healthy elderly were used as control group.The second edition of Applied Behavioral Memory Test(RBMT-Ⅱ) on memory function was used for personnel evaluation in two groups,including a total of 13 items,and the results were analyzed.Results Among 138 cases of COPD patients,there are 0 case of patients with no memory impairment(0%),10 patients with mild memory impairment(7.2%),86 patients with moderate memory impairment(62.3%),42 patients with severe memory impairment(30.4%),the morbidity rate of memory impairment was 100%.In control group,there were 12 cases of patients with no memory impairment (13.3%),43 patients with mild memory impairment(47.8%),29 patients with moderate memory impairment(32.2%),6 patients with severe memory impairment(6.7%).There was statistically significant difference in morbidity rate between two groups(P0.01).Individual preliminary scores,recalling the name,hidden goods,picture recognition,immediate story recall,delayed story recall,face recognition,immediate letter recall,delayed letter recall,orientation,date and the total standard score 10 items in case group were significantly lower than those in control group,there were statistically significant differences(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion The elderly patients with COPD always have memory disorders,mostly moderate to severe,the intervention for stable period of disease should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of memory disorders and improve the life quality of patients.
Combined Mapping of Multiple clUsteriNg ALgorithms (COMMUNAL): A Robust Method for Selection of Cluster Number, K.

In order to discover new subsets (clusters) of a data set, researchers often use algorithms that perform unsupervised clustering, namely, the algorithmic separation of a dataset into some number of distinct clusters. Deciding whether a particular separation (or number of clusters, K) is correct is a sort of ‘dark art’, with multiple techniques available for assessing the validity of unsupervised clustering algorithms. Here, we present a new technique for unsupervised clustering that uses multiple clustering algorithms, multiple validity metrics, and progressively bigger subsets of the data to produce an intuitive 3D map of cluster stability that can help determine the optimal number of clusters in a data set, a technique we call COmbined Mapping of Multiple clUsteriNg ALgorithms (COMMUNAL). COMMUNAL locally optimizes algorithms and validity measures for the data being used. We show its application to simulated data with a known K, and then apply this technique to several well-known cancer gene expression datasets, showing that COMMUNAL provides new insights into clustering behavior and stability in all tested cases. COMMUNAL is shown to be a useful tool for determining K in complex biological datasets, and is freely available as a package for R.
Using eye tracking and gaze pattern analysis to test a "dirty bomb" decision aid in a pilot RCT in urban adults with limited literacy.

Eye tracking is commonly used in marketing to understand complex responses to materials, but has not been used to understand how low-literacy adults access health information or its relationship to decision making. This study assessed how participants use a literacy appropriate “dirty bomb” decision aid. Participants were randomized to receive a CDC “factsheet” (n = 21) or literacy-appropriate aid (n = 29) shown on a computer screen. Using 7 content similar slides, gaze patterns, mean pupil fixation time and mean overall time reading and looking at slides were compared. Groups were also compared by literacy level and effect on 'confidence of knowledge' and intended behavior. Results revealed differing abilities to read densely written material. Intervention participants more precisely followed text on 4 of 7 content-similar slides compared to control participants whose gaze patterns indicated unread text, or repeated attempts at reading the same text, suggesting difficulty in understanding key preparedness messages. Controls had significantly longer pupil fixations on 5 of 7 slides and spent more overall time on every slide. In those with very low literacy, intervention participants were more likely than controls to say they understood what a “dirty bomb” is and how to respond if one should occur. Results indicate limited- literacy adults, especially those with very low literacy, may not be able to understand how to respond during a “dirty bomb” using available materials, making them vulnerable to negative health events. This study provides insights into how individuals perceive and process risk communication messages, illustrating a rich and nuanced understanding of the qualitative experience of a limited literacy population with written materials. It also demonstrates the feasibility of using these methods on a wider scale to develop more effective health and risk communication messages designed to increase knowledge of and compliance with general health guidelines, and enhance decision making. This has application for those with learning disabilities, those with limited media-literacy skills, and those needing to access the diverse array of assistive technologies now available. Eye tracking is thus a practical approach to understanding these diverse needs to ensure the development of cogent and salient communication.
The Consultants: Nonlinear Optics and the Social World of Cold War Science

After the laser was first demonstrated in 1960, many American defense officials hoped it would become a revolutionary new weapon. At the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), a nonprofit advisory corporation contracted to the Defense Department, experts studied the possibility of using lasers to defend against nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles. A few academic consultants for IDA (among them physicists Nicolaas Bloembergen, Charles Townes, Keith Brueckner, and Norman Kroll) began to think about how to generate laser pulses of enormous power and propagate them through the atmosphere. Along the way, in a mix of classified discussions and reports, and through a series of important publications in the open literature, the consultants laid the foundations of a new field: nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optics is the science of the interaction between matter and intense light, and it became a major branch of physics in the 1960s. The field’s history calls for deeper consideration of the ways in which powerful institutions and the production of knowledge were joined in the Cold War era. Though nonlinear optics was every bit “Cold War science,” the conventional and widely used concept of “patronage” seems inadequate for understanding the origins and development of the field. A product of neither government contracts nor innovations in technology alone, nonlinear optics was fashioned by a close-knit and elite community of experts straddling the classified and unclassified domains. The field took its peculiar shape and content within this unique social space—the social world of the Cold War defense consultant.
Price Competition: The Role of Gender and Education

Tell me and I forget, teach me and I remember, involve me and I learn.’ These famous words of Benjamin Franklin seem to aptly capture the spirit in which Werner Guth, our hero of the occasion here, interacts with others.1 Consider, for example, his own explanation of how he brings the implied perspective to the classroom: I teach experimental economics completely differently compared to other things, I teach it in an ‘apprentice’ fashion. I use learning-by-doing in small groups from the start. This is a very nice aspect of experimental economics actually.2
Subclinical hypothyroidism and gestational hypertension: causal or coincidence?

Thyroid hormone is critical in maintaining systemic homeostasis, as is demonstrated by the myriad of effects caused by thyroid hormone deficiency. Overt hypothyroidism can significantly disturb the cardiovascular system, resulting in alterations in left ventricular function, decreased cardiac output, and increased systemic vascular resistance. The effects of subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal serum thyroxine (T4) levels, on the cardiovascular system are less clear. While subclinical hypothyroidism has been linked to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular mortality in some observational studies, other studies have found no difference in blood pressure between euthyroid subjects and subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. 1,2 The treatment in nonpregnant adults is also controversial. The most recent consensus guidelines from two major endocrinology societies recommend levothyroxine therapy for a TSH level of greater than 10, but that at levels lower than 10, treatment decisions should be made based on patient symptoms and other risk factors, such as the presence of anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies. 3 There is no strong evidence to support treating patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and hypertension solely to improve blood pressure control. Several alterations occur in thyroid hormone metabolism during pregnancy, making the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy more complex. Serum thyroid-binding globulin levels increase in pregnancy and women with preexisting hypothyroidism need escalating doses of levothyroxine due to the excess in thyroidbinding globulin. Human chorionic gonadotropin, in addition, weakly stimulates TSH receptors, resulting in a transient, physiologic increase in T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, peaking at around 20 weeks gestation. The thresholds for abnormal TSH are, therefore, lower in pregnancy due to these physiologic changes. 3 Subclinical hypothyroidism is quite common in pregnancy, occurring in up to 15% of pregnancies, while overt hypothyroidism is still rare (0.2%), likely due to the anovulation and diminished fertility seen with this condition. 4 Several case reports have described a preeclampsia-like syndrome in the setting of overt hypothyroidism, associated with very poor fetal outcomes. 5,6 In a case series of pregnancy outcomes in women with both subclinical (n ¼ 12) and overt hypothyroidism (n ¼ 16), the authors found that preeclampsia occurred frequently in pregnancies complicated by overt hypothyroidism (n ¼ 7), but less commonly in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (n ¼ 2). A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that women with subclinical hypothyroidism were at an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy loss and neonatal death, but they were not at an increased risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. 7
Functional assessment of immediate task planning and execution by adults with acquired brain injury

BACKGROUND: Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) often struggle planning and executing tasks outside daily routines. Given the pervasive effects executive functioning challenges have on independent living, professionals need methods of assessing these skills. OBJECTIVE: This study’s purpose was to evaluate an ecologically-valid procedure to assess novel task planning and execution by adults with ABI. METHODS: The researchers implemented a single group design across two phases. Participants included nine adults with severe ABI. In the first experimental phase, participants created a plan for executing tasks that required adherence to predetermined rules; in the second phase, participants executed the tasks. The researchers tallied information units recorded during the planning phase, performed momentary time-sampling to document observations about participant behaviors, and collected speed, accuracy, and rule violation data about task completion. RESULTS: Planning strategies implemented by most participants were limited to word-for-word copying of some or all of the specified tasks. On average, participants attempted and accurately performed less than half the required tasks and exhibited high rule violation rates. CONCLUSIONS: Given further development and refinement, the implemented procedures may serve as a basis for developing an ecologically-valid tool for evaluating executive functioning in adults with ABI.
The Effect of Demographic Variables on Energy Usage in a Developing Country

This analysis reflects the results of a 1980 study performed in a developing Caribbean nation, which identified national household energy use characteristics. A strong relationship between income-related variables and energy consumption patterns was identified, which is not characteristic of energy consumption patterns in more developed countries.
αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) Antagonists

Abstract Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and hemostasis, especially during an acute coronary syndrome and in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Associated adverse cardiovascular events from normal platelet function can be mitigated via adequate platelet inhibition. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (αIIbβ3) antagonists were first introduced to the market with the intent of being potent, intravenous, antiplatelet agents with a quick onset of action. These agents have been the centerpiece of multiple well conducted investigations over the last several decades. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the pharmacological mechanism and subtle differences between the three currently available intravenous glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists: abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban. Furthermore, we present data from landmark clinical trials highlighting the efficacy and safety of these agents in various clinical scenarios. Lastly, we present a comparison between these agents and other antiplatelet drugs as well as the role of these agents in our modern-day clinical practice.
Automatic ground collision avoidance system (Auto GCAS)

Currently, all collision avoidance systems on fighter aircraft depend on the pilot taking action whenever a warning is issued by the manual system. Any future substantial reductions in mishap rates require extending the collision avoidance technology to systems that not only warn the pilot but also take control and fly the aircraft out of danger before returning control to the pilot. This paper will discuss the requirements, design methods, and testing of Auto GCAS. It will show why a nuisance warning is considered a higher priority than the aircraft recovery and how an automatic system can be designed to basically eliminate nuisances. It will discuss how the design of a modular automatic collision avoidance system can be transitioned to any number of air vehicles with minimum changes to the basic design. Integrity management will be discussed. The process of testing an automatic system including both simulation and flight test will also be discussed. Discussions on flight test activities including both current and past experience in Auto GCAS is included.
Community College Finance: A Guide for Institutional Leaders

Christopher M. Mullin, David S. Baime, and David S. Honeyman deliver an instrumental piece of literature for all present and aspiring community college leaders in their book Community college finan...
The PJM Energy Market (US)

The PJM Energy Market has been called by some "the most successful Market in North America." The PJM Market reaches into eight states and the District of Columbia, serving 11 million customers with a peak load of over 64000 MW using generating capacity in excess of 70000 MW. This paper defines the drivers behind PJM's Markets, provides an overview of the PJM Markets, and looks at the future plans for PJM's Markets.
Strict blood pressure control associates with decreased mortality risk by APOL1 genotype.

Although APOL1 high-risk genotype partially accounts for the increased susceptibility of blacks to chronic kidney disease (CKD), whether APOL1 associates differentially with mortality risk remains controversial. Here we evaluate the association between APOL1 genotype and risk of death and determine whether APOL1 status modifies the association between strict versus usual blood pressure control and mortality risk. We performed a retrospective analysis of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension trial that randomized black participants with CKD to strict versus usual blood pressure control from 1995 to 2001. This included 682 participants with known APOL1 genotype (157 with high-risk genotype) previously assigned to either strict (mean arterial pressure [MAP] 92 mm Hg or less) versus usual blood pressure control (MAP 102–107 mm Hg) during the trial. During a median follow-up of 14.5 years, risk of death did not differ between individuals with high- versus low-risk APOL1 genotypes (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.00 [95% confidence interval 0.76–1.33]). However, a significant interaction was detected between the APOL1 risk group and blood pressure control strategy. In the APOL1 high-risk group, the risk of death was 42% lower comparing strict versus usual blood pressure control (0.58 [0.35–0.97]). In the APOL1 low-risk group, the risk of death comparing strict versus usual blood pressure control was not significantly different (1.09 [0.84–1.43]). Thus, strict blood pressure control during CKD associates with a lower risk of death in blacks with the high-risk CKD APOL1 genotype. Knowledge of APOL1 status could inform selection of blood pressure treatment targets in black CKD patients.
Comparative evaluation of heart rate-based monitors: Apple Watch vs Fitbit Charge HR

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the validity of energy expenditure (EE), steps, and heart rate measured with the Apple Watch 1 and Fitbit Charge HR. Thirty-nine healthy adults wore...
Engagement, empowerment, and job satisfaction before implementing an academic model of shared governance.

Abstract Aim Baseline information was obtained from a School of Nursing faculty and staff about perceptions of job satisfaction, empowerment, and engagement in the workplace before the introduction of an integrated faculty and staff shared governance system. Background Governance structure in schools of nursing has the potential to enhance or impose constraints on the work environment for faculty, staff, and stakeholders. Research methods Design. A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive design. Sample. Full-time faculty and staff (n = 69) employed in a public school of nursing in a health sciences center. Instrumentation. Four well-established instruments were selected to address key aspects of empowerment, engagement, and job satisfaction. Procedures. Data were collected using an online, anonymous survey. Analyses. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson correlation analyses were used. Results Faculty and staff perceptions of job satisfaction and engagement in the workplace before the introduction of a new model of shared governance are presented. Statistical differences were found between faculty and staff responses on the overall or total scales and select subscales, and group patterns of relationships differed. Conclusions We provided a description of the first shared governance structure derived from the perspective of shared governance as defined and operationalized in Magnet Hospital health care systems and includes administrators, faculty, and staff in decision-making councils. As academia embarks on this change in governance structure from hierarchical to a more flattened approach findings support examining levels of work engagement, structural and psychological empowerment, and job satisfaction as key monitors of the work environment.
Radial Head Fracture Fixation Using Tripod Technique With Headless Compression Screws.

Radial head and neck fractures are one of the most common elbow fractures, comprising 2% to 5% of all fractures, and 30% of elbow fractures. Although uncomplicated Mason type I fractures can be managed nonsurgically, Mason type II–IV fractures require additional intervention. Mason type II–III fractures with 3 or fewer fragments are typically treated with open reduction and internal fixation using 2 to 3 lag screws. Transverse radial neck involvement or axial instability with screw-only fixation has historically required the additional use of a mini fragment T-plate or locking proximal radius plate. More recently, less invasive techniques such as the cross-screw and tripod techniques have been proposed. The purpose of this paper is to detail and demonstrate the proper implementation of the tripod technique using headless compression screws.
Macroheterocyclic ligands on polymers

Macroheterocyclic ligands of the crown ether and cryptand type have proven to be versatile complexing agents for a variety of ionic and neutral solutes. When bound to a macromolecular chain, their binding properties can change significantly as a result of cooperative binding effects involving adjacent ligands or comonomer substituents, microenvironmental effects caused by the polymer backbone or by neighboring groups, conformational restrictions imposed upon the macrocyclic ring due to the close proximity of other polymer-bound entities, interaction between the bound solutes, etc. In this respect, soluble polymeric crown ethers and cryptands can serve as excellent model compounds for studying solute binding to neutral macromolecules in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. The effect of variables such as distance between bound macrocycles, length and structure of spacer between bound ligand and polymer backbone, flexibility of the polymer backbone and ionic or neutral comonomer substituents can be determined by a variety of techniques, both in catalytic and solute binding applications. The behavior of certain poly(crown ether)s in water is especially of interest for a better understanding of the binding of monomeric and polymeric solutes to neutral and charged polysoap-type macromolecules.
Myocardial depression after elective ischemic arrest. Subcellular biochemistry and prevention.

The hemodynamic and cardiac biochemical effects of global ischemic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied in 54 animals and compared to seven animals without ischemic arrest. Ischemic arrest alone reduced the first derivative of left ventricular force of contraction (LV dF/dt) to 52 percent of control 10 minutes after resuming function and to 64 percent after I hour of reperfusion. Cardiac output was depressed to 52 percent of control after 10 minutes of reperfusion, and to 74 percent of control after 60 minutes of reperfusion. In six animals, moderate hypothermia (26° C.) resulted in no protection of cardiac function from ischemic arrest, whereas profound hypothermia to 18° C. resulted in values of LV dF/dt and cardiac output nearly equivalent to the CPB control group (no arrest). A continuous infusion of a hyperkalemic hypothermic solution slightly improved the degree of protection over hypothermia alone. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from hearts which had undergone 60 minutes of ischemic arrest bound significantly less calcium when the isolation was done after 10 minutes of reperfusion as well as when it was done after 60 minutes of reperfusion. The time to spontaneous release of calcium from the SR also was significantly longer. Moderate hypothermia did not result in improved SR function, whereas deep hypothermia induced by local cooling or by hypothermic potassium infusion retained SR function at normal levels. Oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria isolated after 60 minutes of reperfusion was also depressed. The mitochondrial respiration rate after normothermic ischemic arrest was 155 natoms of oxygen per minutes versus 237 natoms for the hypothermic hyperkalemic group. Respiratory control index was 5.5 for the normothermic group versus 9.4 for the hypothermic group. It is concluded that hypothermia, whether effected by surface cooling or by hypothermic potassium infusion, allowed full recovery of hemodynamic and biochemical functions within I hour of reperfusion.
Disposable fabric-based electrochemical sensors fabricated from wax-transfer-printed fluidic cells and stencil-printed electrodes

Porous substrates transport fluid via capillary action and can be inexpensive, making them ideal for field-use sensors. Direct wax printing is one of the most commonly used fabrication methods to define fluid paths in standard substrates like cellulose and nitrocellulose. However, direct wax printing is not possible for flexible materials like fabric. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method of creating flexible electrochemical sensors in fabric by (i) wax transfer printing to define the fluidic cell and (ii) stencil-printing to define electrodes. We characterize the wax transfer process in several types of fabric and across two methods of applying heat and pressure to achieve robust fluid boundaries. Finally, we characterize the performance of fabric-based electrochemical sensors created using these methods. The results, in the context of glucose sensing, indicate comparable reproducibility and limit of detection for the fabric-based sensor compared to one implemented in standard cellulose.
Providing an experiential cybersecurity learning experience through mobile security labs

The reality of today's computing landscape already suffers from a shortage of cybersecurity professionals, and this gap only expected to grow. We need to generate interest in this STEM topic early in our student's careers and provide teachers the resources they need to succeed in addressing this gap. To address this shortfall we present Practical LAbs in Security for Mobile Applications (PLASMA), a public set of educational security labs to enable instruction in creation of secure Android apps. These labs include example vulnerable applications, information about each vulnerability, steps for how to repair the vulnerabilities, and information about how to confirm that the vulnerability has been properly repaired. Our goal is for instructors to use these activities in their mobile, security, and general computing courses ranging from secondary school to university settings. Another goal of this project is to foster interest in security and computing through demonstrating its importance. Initial feedback demonstrates the labs' positive effects in enhancing student interest in cybersecurity and acclaim from instructors. All project activities may be found on the project website: http://www.TeachingMobileSecurity.com
Fast and Adaptive List Intersections on the GPU

List intersections are ubiquitous and can be found in a wide range of applications, including triangle counting and finding the maximal k-truss, both of which are part of the HPEC Static Graph Challenge. For many graph based problems it is necessary to find intersections for a very large number of lists–these lists tend to vary greatly in size and are difficult to efficiently load-balance. Numerous parallel algorithms on list intersections for triangle counting have been proposed, but load-balancing decisions are typically made at a global level. In this paper we present an efficient and adaptive approach to load-balancing at a finer granularity. Our approach assigns a different number of threads for different intersections in order to effectively utilize the resources of the GPU. We show the applicability of our load-balancing method to two different intersection methods, one search-based and one merge-based. Our algorithm outperforms several recent triangle counting algorithms, including recent HPEC Graph Challenge Champions.
OP0080-PARE Photo album of people with rheumatic diseases under the title: ‘there are some people… our people!!!’

Background The impact of rheumatic diseases in the daily life of people is sometimes quite dramatic, causing abundance of everyday pleasures and activities even one’s hobbies. The burden of RMDs is not adequately communicated to the public or to the state, so that this important aspect is not generally met with relevant seriousness. Objectives The goal of our campaign was: a. to give a clear picture of the difficulties that people with rheumatic diseases face in their everyday life and b. to prove that some people manage to overcome their serious movement problems, their pain and dysfunction and show, with dignity and strength, that the artistic part inside them is vividly alive.The message we would like to communicate here is: THE POWER OF MIND IS STRONGER THAN BODY WEARENESS AND CHRONIC PAIN. Methods Firstly we got in touch with members of our Association that their skills could be presented in the album and discussed our idea, which was gladly accepted by them. 10 members of the association are included in the album, all of which are people with severe inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ignoring their obvious moving problems and putting aside their other engagements, these wonderful people follow their talents and become sculptors, icon painters, pastry chefs etc. After the nomination of the sponsor for the project, a professional photographer was selected to capture the talents, the dedication to their art and the inner feelings of those people, in a way that can only be detected through the photographer’s eye. The shooting started in March 2017 and was finished in September 2017. Each of the artists had the chance to spend time with the photographer, express their feelings and show their way of life to him. This face to face contact enabled George (the photographer) to depict on his photos the real personality of these special people. After the shooting, a website was created where the pictures were uploaded with underlined personal remarks of both the artists and the professional photographer. Information about the inflammatory rheumatic diseases and the importance of early diagnosis was added to the album. Additionally, during October 2017, a 45 s video was promoted through TV, targeting the serious problems that people with RMDs are facing in their everyday life but also revealing the strength and courage of this great artists’ team. A press conference was as well organised to support the visit of the particular website. Results Results: 173.000 people have visited the website from October to January, with another 16.800 visits through YouTube. Conclusions Through an artistic approach a patient organisation can trigger the awareness of the public, communicate the important message of the seriousness of RMDs and also underline the endless dedication and the seek for dreams to come true, even if one has to live along with a rheumatic disease all your life. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Gender Differences in Eating Disorder Risk among NCAA Division I Cross Country and Track Student-Athletes.

Purpose. This study compared gender differences in eating disorder risk among NCAA Division I cross country and track distance running student-athletes. Methods. Six hundred thirty-eight male and female student-athletes competing at distances of 800m or greater completed the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP). Scores on the ESP were used as the risk of eating disorders. Results. Females screened positive at higher rates for risk of eating disorders than males on the ESP at a cutoff of 2 (sensitivity 90-100%, specificity 71%) with rates of and , respectively. Females were also screened positive at higher rates than males at a stricter cutoff of 3 (sensitivity 81%, specificity 92%), with rates of compared to , respectively. Conclusion. This study highlights that, among distance runners, both males and females are at risk of eating disorders, with females being at higher risk. It also emphasizes the need for screening for risk of eating disorders in this population.