cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Writing strategies for students and their mentors: From the perspective of a recent student

Writing an empirical paper can be a daunting process, particularly for students writing their first manuscript. This presentation will provide advice for helping students develop a structured and goal-oriented writing routine to aid in the publishing process. First, the mentor can help foster motivation to write by guiding the student to pursue research that is tethered to the student’s intrinsic interests but still within the domain of the mentor’s expertise. Second, writing goals need to be prioritized by the student in a specific, achievable, and time-bound manner. This prioritization can occur through creating a structured, weekly outline of writing-related goals, either with guidance from the mentor or through a peer support group. Setting aside regular, protected writing time can help form a habit out of writing and ensure it does not become pushed aside for other priorities. Lastly, -timely, thorough, and constructive feedback from the mentor can speed up the writing process while conveying to the student that their work is a priority of the mentor.Writing an empirical paper can be a daunting process, particularly for students writing their first manuscript. This presentation will provide advice for helping students develop a structured and goal-oriented writing routine to aid in the publishing process. First, the mentor can help foster motivation to write by guiding the student to pursue research that is tethered to the student’s intrinsic interests but still within the domain of the mentor’s expertise. Second, writing goals need to be prioritized by the student in a specific, achievable, and time-bound manner. This prioritization can occur through creating a structured, weekly outline of writing-related goals, either with guidance from the mentor or through a peer support group. Setting aside regular, protected writing time can help form a habit out of writing and ensure it does not become pushed aside for other priorities. Lastly, -timely, thorough, and constructive feedback from the mentor can speed up the writing process while conveying to the ...
Proteolysis and Oxidation of Therapeutic Proteins After Intradermal or Subcutaneous Administration.

Abstract The intradermal (ID) and subcutaneous (SC) routes are commonly used for therapeutic proteins (TPs) and vaccines; however, the bioavailability of TPs is typically less than small molecule drugs given via the same routes. Proteolytic enzymes in the dermal, SC, and lymphatic tissues may be responsible for the loss of TPs. In addition, the TPs may be exposed to reactive oxygen species generated in the SC tissue and the lymphatic system in response to injection-related trauma and impurities within the formulation. The reactive oxygen species can oxidize TPs to alter their efficacy and immunogenicity potential. Mechanistic understandings of the dominant proteolysis and oxidative routes are useful in the drug discovery process, formulation development, and to assess the potential for immunogenicity and altered pharmacokinetics (PK). Furthermore, in vitro tools representing the ID or SC and lymphatic system can be used to evaluate the extent of proteolysis of the TPs after the injection and before systemic entry. The in vitro clearance data may be included in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for improved PK predictions. In this review, we have summarized various physiological factors responsible for proteolysis and oxidation of TPs after ID and SC administration.
Matching in Labor Marketplaces: The Role of Experiential Information

Online labor marketplaces assign workers to short-term jobs. For some jobs, the choice of the best worker is based on ex-ante observable information (e.g., driver assignment based on location in ride-hailing). In others, the assignment is driven by experiential information, that is information obtained privately only through the worker performing the job (e.g., the fit of a childcare provider with a family). This study develops an empirical framework to impute the relative importance of each kind of information from participants' past hiring choices. Our moment inequality approach accommodates high worker turnover, varying choice sets, and limited observations of a very large number of market participants -- all key characteristics of online labor markets. We apply our framework to two markets, exploiting a natural experiment that changed marketplace commissions. Based on over 1.2M hiring decisions, we estimate that experiential information is a key driver of hiring choices, while ex-ante observable fit is relevant only for the simplest jobs. Using our estimates, we propose and evaluate alternate assignment policies. The best-performing policies prioritize repeat work and, surprisingly, ignore ex-ante observable information to instead experiment with new workers and generate experiential information. Such policies can increase buyer welfare by as much as 45.3% (47.1%) of gross revenue in the Data Entry (Web Development) market compared to the current practice of skills-based matching. Policies exploiting buyers' past revealed preferences (in repeat work) without incorporating exploration still under-perform by 18.9% in Data Entry and 8.7% in Web Development.
57 – Nodavirus endopeptidase

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of nodavirus endopeptidase. The chapter discusses that because the nodavirus endoprotease activity is associated with the precursor particle; a provirion preparation is required to study the protease activity. Both Black Beetle Virus (BBV) and Flock House Virus (FHV) are propagated in Drosophila line 1 cells. To obtain provirions, cells are infected at high multiplicity and incubated until the rate of coat protein synthesis reaches maximum levels, usually for 16 hours. While assembly of provirions from newly synthesized coat protein is rapid (10 minutes), the subsequent cleavage reaction is slow, leading to a temporary accumulation of provirions in the infected cells. The autocatalytic cleavage of nodaviruses releases the C-terminal 44 residues from the subunit. The distance between the new C- and N-termini is about 7 A. The cleaved-off polypeptide is internal and remains associated with the particle following proteolysis. Residues 364–382 of BBV and FHV form an amphipathic helix, and residues 383–407 are not visible in the electron density map, indicating that they do not have an icosahedral symmetry.
On the Dangers of Transnational Influences of Western Psychology: Decolonizing International Perspectives on Women and Therapy

Psychology of women, feminist psychology, and therapy with women have been primarily connected to dominant Western methodologies and practices of the Global North. The history of misogynistic and p...
Anisotropic ion transport in 2D polymer single crystal-based solid polymer electrolytes

Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising for the next-generation all-solid-state lithium metal battery (LMB) applications. The effect of semicrystalline structure on ion transport is two-fold: the crystalline domains provide a tortuous diffusion pathway (structural effect) while the tethered chains can cause sluggish ion diffusion (dynamic effect). These two effects are intertwining in a bulk semicrystalline SPE system. In this work, we fabricate a series of polymer single crystal (PSC)-based SPEs by infiltrating lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) into poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) PSC films. The obtained SPE films show anisotropic conducting behavior with the in-plane conductivity being one to three orders of magnitudes greater than the through-plane conductivity, which can be attributed to the PSC-guided ion transport. The room temperature in-plane conductivity of the PSC SPE can be comparable to its amorphous counterpart, indicating that the tortuosity effect plays a major role in the reduced ionic conductivity of semicrystalline SPEs. PSC-LiTFSI superstructure is observed in the PSC SPEs due to selective perforation of the crystalline PEO lamellae by LiTFSI salts. This work demonstrates the importance of the crystalline morphology on the ion transport in semicrystalline SPEs.
A variational multiscale method with linear tetrahedral elements for multiplicative viscoelasticity

Abstract We present a computational approach to solve problems in multiplicative nonlinear viscoelasticity using piecewise linear finite elements on triangular and tetrahedral grids, which are very versatile for simulations in complex geometry. Our strategy is based on (1) formulating the equations of mechanics as a mixed first-order system, in which a rate form of the pressure equation is utilized in place of the standard constitutive relationship, and (2) utilizing the variational multiscale approach, in which the stabilization parameter is scaled with the viscous energy dissipation.
Motivational Interviewing Fidelity in a Community Corrections Setting: Treatment Initiation and Subsequent Drug Use

Introduction Although substance use is common among people in the U.S. criminal justice system, treatment initiation remains an ongoing problem. This study assessed the reliability and predictive validity of the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 3.1.1. (MITI) coding instrument in a community corrections sample.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy: definition of factitious bleeding in an infant by 51Cr labeling of erythrocytes

The Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a phenomenon in which symptoms of a disease are fabricated by some person other than the patient. This report describes and 8-week-old infant with repetitive bleeding episodes, presumably originating from the upper respiratory tract. Extensive investigations, including angiography, several endoscopies under general anesthesia, and reinfusion of the infant's red cells labeled with 51Cr followed by pulmonary and upper airway scanning, failed to reveal the source of bleeding. Within two weeks after initiation of the 51Cr studies, radioactivity of facial blood from two separate bleeding episodes did not exceed background counts. Simultaneous examination of the infant's capillary blood, however, showed moderate to marked radioactivity. The Rh subtype of the facial blood was cc, whereas the infant's type was Cc. These findings indicated that the facial blood was factitious in origin. No further "bleeding" occurred after this information was presented to the parents. This case represents an unusual example of the Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Awareness of this entity can prevent potentially harmful investigations. Documenting its occurrence and sharing the information with parents in a nonaccusatory manner may prevent future harm to the patient.
Conservative management of premature rupture of the membranes

Management recommendations for pregnancies complicated by premature rupture of the membranes must consider both the neonatal morbidity and mortality of immaturity associated with prompt delivery and the infectious risks to the mother and fetus associated with prolonged observation. Because these considerations are critical in pregnancies with prematurely ruptured membranes and premature but potentially viable infants, 116 pregnancies with this complication between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation were reviewed. All patients received careful in-hospital surveillance. Six patients (5.2%) developed amnionitis prior to labor. Nine infants (7.1%) developed neonatal sepsis, with the predominant pathogen being the group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus. A decrease in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with progressive duration of membrane rupture was observed. The perinatal survival in this study was 96.9%. These findings suggest that in similar patient populations an expectant management plan may be employed with minimal infectious risks to mother and fetus.
Optimizing index deployment order for evolving OLAP

Many database applications deploy hundreds or thousands of indexes to speed up query execution. Despite a plethora of prior work on index selection, designing and deploying indexes remains a difficult task for database administrators. First, real-world businesses often require online index deployment, and the traditional off-line approach to index selection ignores intermediate workload performance during index deployment. Second, recent work on on-line index selection does not address effects of complex interactions that manifest during index deployment.In this paper, we propose a new approach that incorporates transitional design performance into the overall problem of physical database design. We call our approach Incremental Database Design. As the first step in this direction, we study the problem of ordering index deployment. The benefits of a good index deployment order are twofold: (1) a prompt query runtime improvement and (2) a reduced total time to deploy the design. Finding an effective deployment order is difficult due to complex index interaction and a factorial number of possible solutions.We formulate a mathematical model to represent the index ordering problem and demonstrate that Constraint Programming (CP) is a more efficient solution compared to other methods such as mixed integer programming and A * search. In addition to exact search techniques, we also study local search algorithms that make significant improvements over a greedy solution with minimal computational overhead.Our empirical analysis using the TPC-H dataset shows that our pruning techniques can reduce the size of the search space by many orders of magnitude. Using the TPC-DS dataset, we verify that our local search algorithm is a highly scalable and stable method for quickly finding the best known solutions.
Evolution of jets emanating from short holes into crossflow

The evolution of a short injection-hole jet issuing into a crossflow at low blowing ratios is presented. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to determine structural features of the jet/crossflow interaction throughout its development from within the jet supply channel (which feeds the holes), through the injection hole, and into the crossflow. The effect of supply channel feed orientations, i.e. counter to, or in the same direction as the crossflow is emphasized. Feed orientation profoundly affects such jet characteristics as trajectory and lateral spreading, as well as its structural features. Fluid within the high-speed supply channel exhibits swirling motions similar to the flow induced by a pair of counter-rotating vortices. The sense of rotation of the swirling fluid depends upon the orientation of the supply channel flow with respect to the crossflow, and in turn impacts the in-hole velocity fields. In the coflow supply channel geometry (channel flow is in the same direction as the free stream), a pair of vortices exists within the hole with the same sense of rotation as the primary jet counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP). In contrast, the counterflow supply channel configuration has in-hole vortices of opposite rotational sense to that of the CRVP. The in-hole vortices interact constructively or destructively with the CRVP, thus affecting the strength and coherence of the CRVP. The counterflow configuration has a weakened CRVP because of destructive interference with the in-hole vortices. The weaker CRVP has a lower trajectory and increased spanwise spreading. External to the injection hole, a pair of vortices exists immediately downstream of the jet. They are initially perpendicular to the boundary-layer plate near the wall and are outboard of the streamwise hole centreline. These vortices, denoted ‘downstream spiral separation node’ (DSSN) vortices, are affected by both the supply channel feed direction and the blowing ratio. They appear to form by free-stream fluid wrapping around the jet and interacting with the CRVP. The coflow supply channel geometry is associated with the largest and most well-defined DSSN vortices, and their size is inversely proportional to the blowing ratio. At low blowing ratio, these vortices induce a large recirculating flow region downstream of the injection hole at the wall.
Anti-Legionella activity of trovafloxacin compared with seven other antimicrobial agents including an intermethod evaluation

Abstract The activity of trovafloxacin, a new fluorinated naphtheridone, was tested against 61 Legionella spp. isolates and compared with that of 4 fluoroquinolones, 2 macrolides, and rifampin. Trovafloxacin MICs were determined by a reference agar dilution method and E-test (Solna, Sweden) strips on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. Among the fluoroquinolone compounds, the rank order of activity (on the basis of MIC 90 results) determined with E-test strips was as follows: levofloxacin (MIC 90 , 0.094 μg/ml) > trovafloxacin=sparfloxacin = ofloxacin (MIC 90 , 0.19 μg/ml). Rifampin (MIC 90 , 0.008 μg/ml) and clarithromycin (MIC 90 , 0.032 μg/ml) were the most potent of all drugs tested, and erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were the least active. In this study, the E-test strips with trovafloxacin were validated (100% of results ± one log 2 dilution compared to the reference value) for susceptibility testing with Legionella isolates.
Correlates of individual, and age-related, differences in short-term learning

Latent growth models were applied to data on multitrial verbal and spatial learning tasks from two independent studies. Although significant individual differences in both initial level of performance and subsequent learning were found in both tasks, age differences were found only in mean initial level, and not in mean learning. In neither task was fluid or crystallized intelligence associated with learning. Although there were moderate correlations among the level parameters across the verbal and spatial tasks, the learning parameters were not significantly correlated with one another across task modalities. These results are inconsistent with the existence of a general (e.g., material-independent) learning ability.
The use of a microcomputer to make rapid and inexpensive lecture slides.

the computer has no graphics capability, the monitor may be limited to one typeface in a single size and style. All Macintosh computers and programs can display text in many different typefaces, sizes, and styles. Typefaces designed for the printed page may be less attractive when projected onto a large screen. The best readability is obtained with tall letters of simple design, close proportional spacing, and moderately heavy line weight [21. Finished slides should be legible when held to the light and viewed without magnification and, in general, should have no more than six lines per slide and six words per line.
Retinal neovascularization complicating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of long duration.

Retinal neovascularization with angioma formation complicated the clinical courses of two patients (three eyes) with typical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of long duration. The patients had fundus findings characteristic of old rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with neovascular tissue and subretinal exudation in the area of the detachment that resembled the findings in Coats' disease. All three retinas were successfully reattached with scleral buckling procedures combined with partial penetrating diathermy, perforating diathermy, and xenon arc photocoagulation to destroy the neovascular tissue.
A collaborative approach to the recruitment and retention of minority patients with diabetes in rural community health centers.

CONTEXT: Recruiting and retaining minorities from rural, community health centers is a challenge. Collaboration between the researchers and health center personnel and activities to enhance trust may improve results. PURPOSE: To describe recruitment and retention strategies and report results of a 12-month clinical trial of a telemedicine-based diabetes self-management intervention, conducted within a rural community health center. METHODS: Multi-level, multi-staged recruitment process including collaborative planning, data extraction, medical record review, telephone screen, 2 in-person enrollment visits and randomization. Target sample was adults >or=35 years of age with type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (GHb)>7% with no significant comorbidities to prevent safe participation. Follow-up visits occurred at 6 and 12 months post-randomization. FINDINGS: Of those eligible from medical record review, 65% were African-American(AA)/other and female. Approximately 33% of those successfully contacted by telephone were randomized (n=165), yielding a predominately AA/other (73.9%) and female (74.5%) sample. Among those eligible at the Telephone Screen, a greater percentage of Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) refused participation than AA/other (54.2% vs 45.8%), while a greater percentage of women refused compared to men (64.4% vs 35.6%). Significant baseline differences were found by ethnicity for education, insurance, transportation and diastolic blood pressure; by gender for income, transportation, weight, and home monitoring of blood glucose. Overall 6 and 12 month retention rates were 90.9% and 82.4%, respectively, with a greater percentage of AA/Other and female participants retained. CONCLUSIONS: Our collaborative approach was successful in recruiting and retaining ethnically diverse study participants who reside in a rural underserved area of South Carolina. Differences in baseline characteristics and retention by ethnicity and gender were found. Successful translational research must allow for a collaborative approach addressing factors at the level of the community health center, key personnel, and patients in an effort to build trust for the purpose of advancing the science of translating research to practice
An improved assay for l-gulonolactone oxidase

Abstract A rapid quantitative assay for l -gulonolactone oxidase in mammalian liver is described. It involves solubilizing the enzyme by homogenizing liver in a solution containing sodium deoxycholate. Recovery of enzyme is greater than in procedures utilizing whole homogenates or those in which microsomes are isolated by differential centrifugation. The effects on enzyme activity of various conditions of sampling and storing liver prior to analysis were determined.
The geography of science: disciplinary and national mappings

Chaque annee l'Institut for Scientific Information (ISI) entreprend une analyse de sa banque de donnees, derivee du Science Citation Index et du Social Science Citation Index. Le but de cette analyse est de creer des «cartes de la science» qui montrent la topographie des sciences a divers niveaux d'agregation. Cette technique est encore dans l'enfance mais fait apparaitre des structures interessantes. Une analyse de ces cartes et de la methode utilisee est proposee. (INTD)
A nearby cool white dwarf candidate in Gemini

We report the identification of one nearby cool white dwarf candidate in Gemini. The object is called PSS 309-6 or 2MASS 06562998+3002455 and its identification came as a result of a search in SIMBAD at CDS. With uncorrected colors B − V = 1.52 ± 0.23, V − J = 2.61 ± 0.12, V − H = 2.82 ± 0.15, V − K S = 3.37 ± 0.15, J − H = 0.21 ± 0.15, H − K S = 0.55 ± 0.17, J − K S = 0.76 ± 0.13, it exhibits a proper motion of 131 - 2 + 3 mas / yr . The photometric properties of this object appear to be consistent with those obtained in cool, helium-rich atmosphere white dwarf numerical models. If our interpretation is correct, the object may be a cool white dwarf of the Galactic old thin disk population with a temperature of about 4000 K, mass likely below 0.6 M ⊙ and a rough distance estimate of 17–43 pc with a heliocentric space velocity of ( U , V , W ) = (2.3, −27.7, −2.9) ± (1.0, 12.0, 1.3) km/s.
Transient dynamics and momentum redistribution in cold atoms via recoil-induced resonances

We use an optically dense, anisotropic magneto-optical trap to study recoil-induced resonances (RIRs) in the transient, high-gain regime. We find that two distinct mechanisms govern the atomic dynamics: the finite, frequency-dependent atomic response time, and momentum-space population redistribution. At low input probe intensities, the residual Doppler width of the atoms, combined with the finite atomic response time, result in a linear, transient hysteretic effect that modifies the locations, widths, and magnitudes of the resulting gain spectra depending on the sign of the scan chirp. When larger intensities (\textit{i.e.}, greater than a few $\mu$W/cm$^2$) are incident on the atomic sample for several $\mu$s, hole-burning in the atomic sample's momentum distribution leads to a coherent population redistribution that persists for approximately 100 $\mu$s. We propose using RIRs to engineer the atomic momentum distribution to enhance the nonlinear atom-photon coupling. We present a numerical model, and compare the calculated and experimental results to verify our interpretation.
Measurement of thermal diffusivity in polymer melts using forced Rayleigh light scattering

Thermal diffusivity measurements on three polymer melts were made using the Forced Rayleigh Light Scattering technique. The polymers, which were tested at room temperature where they are in the molten state, included a polydimethylsiloxane and two polyisobutylenes. The optical setup and procedures developed in this study to conduct thermal Forced Rayleigh Light Scattering experiments are shown to be capable of producing thermal diffusivity data with a high degree of accuracy and precision. From measurements on a reference fluid (ethanol), experimental error was estimated to be no greater than 2%, and could be reduced to less than 1% by appropriate design of series of experiments. Discrepancies of4 and 14% in thermal diffusivity data on the polymer samples between measured values and those found in the literature were observed. It is suggested that these deviations are attributable to either sample variations or to errors in the techniques used in previous investigations.
ESR studies of free radicals in solution. IV. Kinetics of the cysteinyl free radical generated by ceric ion oxidation

Abstract The rate of disappearance of the thiyl free radical generated upon oxidation of cysteine with ceric ion has been followed at pH 1.5 using an ESR stopped-flow technique. The kinetics of the reaction were studied over a range of concentration ratios in both aerated and de-aerated solutions. A dependence on RSH concentration was demonstrated, but a clear-cut reaction order could not be established. The rate data pointed out the actual marked complexity of an apparently simple reaction system. The rates of disappearance of the RS - radical were interpreted in terms of consecutive and concurrent reactions, taking into account the rates of formation, interaction of RS · with RSH, the possibilities of overoxidation by ceric ion, the possible effect of back reactions, and the influence of oxygen, as well as the classical dimerization mechanism. Various reaction mechanisms were postulated for the reaction of the thiyl free radical with RSH. The implications of these findings in relation to the mechanisms of radiobiological processes are discussed.
The impact of auditor‐client relationships on the reversal of first‐time audit qualifications

Purpose – To examine whether auditor‐client relationships have an effect on the decision by an auditor to remove an audit qualification.Design/methodology/approach – The paper tracks the event history of a sample of firms from the issuance of a first time audit qualification for going concern and non‐going concern contingencies (initial qualification issued between 1983 and 1987, all pre Statement of Auditing Standard (SAS) 58) to the issuance of a clean opinion (up through 1995 when SAS 79 was issued). Attachment theory provides a theoretical framework for the variables analyzed and discrete time survival analysis is used as the statistical method in the analysis so as to evaluate each company year from the initial unclean opinion to the year a clean opinion is issued.Findings – It is found that interpersonal and interorganizational attachment has a significant impact on those opinion decisions that require more auditor judgment (i.e. going concern).Originality/value – This study examines the linkage bet...
How free will US trade remain

The final stage of the Kennedy Round tariff cuts in operation since the beginning of this year apparently has brought a minimum of obstacles to imports into the US. Nevertheless, even though rising US imports seem to prove the point of a far reaching trade liberallsation, leadership of the United States in this field has come to a grinding halt.
Honest talk about finance in director recruitment

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an overview on how important funding is to what can be accomplished by a library director, and how it impacts library management decisions.Design/methodology/approach – Using eight financial areas common to all libraries, the importance of adequate funding is presented in the paper and the consequences of different funding levels are examined.Findings – The paper finds that no matter how innovative or progressive a library director may want to be, libraries that are not on solid financial ground will not remain relevant in the future. A library director needs to know the level of funding, where the funds are coming from, and level of continued support they can expect if they are to manage effectively.Originality/value – Great leadership cannot solve an institution's numerous problems when lack of operating revenue is the heart of the issue. Because of this, discussions about the financial health of a library are important when considering to become a library's new dire...
Experimental Evidence for the Filling of Electron Levels from the Relative Intensity of X-Ray Spectrum Lines

According to the accepted theory of the periodic system electrons first enter the ${5}_{3}$ orbits at 57 La; only one electron remaining in these orbits until 72 Hf from whence the orbits fill up to 10 electrons at 79 Au. The $L{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{5}$ line is double, representing the transitions ${5}_{32}$, ${5}_{33}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${2}_{22}$. In a previous paper the author found that this line was much more intense (about 37 times for $L{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{5}$ alone) in the uranium than in the tungsten $L$ series. This paper reports intensity measurements involving this line in 76 Os, 77 Ir, 78 Pt, 79 Au, 81 Tl, 82 Pb, 83 Bi. It is shown that experimental difficulties due to deposition of tungsten on the targets from the filaments may be avoided by keeping high vacua in the tubes. A curve showing the intensity ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{5}}{{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}}$ as a function of the atomic number rises with increasing atomic number and takes an upward jump between 78 Pt and 79 Au. This indicates that the first element in which 10 electrons occupy the ${5}_{3}$ orbits in an approximately undisturbed condition in the solid state is 79 Au. The curve is similar to one obtained in the region about 46 Pd for the lines $L{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ and $L{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ by J\"onsson.
Common and Unique Susceptibility Loci in Graves and Hashimoto Diseases: Results of Whole-Genome Screening in a Data Set of 102 Multiplex Families

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), comprising Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), develop as a result of a complex interaction between predisposing genes and environmental triggers. Previously, we identified six loci that showed evidence for linkage with AITD in a data set of 56 multiplex families. The goals of the present study were to replicate/reject the previously identified loci before fine mapping and sequencing the candidate genes in these regions. We performed a whole-genome linkage study in an expanded data set of 102 multiplex families with AITD (540 individuals), through use of 400 microsatellite markers. Seven loci showed evidence for linkage to AITD. Three loci, on chromosomes 6p, 8q, and 10q, showed evidence for linkage with both GD and HT (maximum multipoint heterogeneity LOD scores [HLOD] 2.0, 3.5, and 4.1, respectively). Three loci showed evidence for linkage with GD: on 7q (HLOD 2.3), 14q (HLOD 2.1), and 20q (LOD 3.3, in a subset of the families). One locus on 12q showed evidence of linkage with HT, giving an HLOD of 3.4. Comparison with the results obtained in the original data set showed that the 20q (GD-2) and 12q (HT-2) loci continued to show evidence for linkage in the expanded data set; the 6p and 14q loci were located within the same region as the previously identified 6p and 14q loci (AITD-1 and GD-1, respectively), but the Xq (GD-3) and 13q (HT-1) loci were not replicated in the expanded data set. These results demonstrated that multiple genes may predispose to GD and HT and that some may be common to both diseases and some are unique. The loci that continue to show evidence for linkage in the expanded data set represent serious candidate regions for gene identification.
Toward a complete model of radial growth in Pinus edulis: the effects of CO2 and prior years

Pinus edulis (pinon pine) is found across 35% of the Colorado Plateau and is a foundation species in the pinon-juniper woodlands of the Southwest. Pinon pine mortality in the recent drought has been high and climate change models forecast a warmer future for the region, which will increase pinon pine water stress. In order to predict the fate of pinon pine, we must understand how various climatic factors influence pinon growth. Tree rings provide a climate sensitive record of growth ideal for exploring the relationship between growth and climate. We used 78 pinon pine trees cored at Red Mountain in northern Arizona in 1998 to predict tree ring width and pinon pine mortality, using variables including available moisture, growing season length, tree age, growth in prior years, and [CO~2~] in a hierarchical Bayes modeling structure. As a first step towards the full model, tree ring width in the prior year and [CO~2~] was considered in a lag 1 year autoregressive model of mean yearly ring width with [CO~2~] as a linear covariate.As a linear covariate, [CO~2~] is related to tree ring width with slope 0.019 (95% Credible Interval (CI) 0.015 to 0.024) and intercept -5.5 (95% CI -6.88 to -4.07). Tree ring width increases with [CO~2~] and [CO~2~] explains the overall increasing trend in average yearly ring width better than available moisture (as Palmer Drought Severity Index values) or growing season length (as the number of days/year with an average of 5°C or higher). The autocorrelation coefficient is 0.49 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.68), suggesting a strong effect of growth in the prior year on growth in the subsequent year. The model successfully predicts yearly average ring width, though ring width is overestimated in extremely dry years. As other factors and more data are incorporated into the model, ring width predictions should improve along with our understanding of pinon growth. We plan to consider the ramifications of various climate change scenarios for pinon pine with this model and compare the responses of trees that have survived to those that have died in the recent drought. As recent experiments indicate that pinon pine mortality can arise from drought-induced carbon starvation, the contribution of increasing [CO~2~] to growth could be very important to predicting pinon pine survival.
Facile rearrangement of N4-(α-aminoacyl)cytidines to N-(4-cytidinyl)amino acid amides

Abstract Under near neutral and mildly basic conditions, primary N4-(α-aminoacyl)cytidines (4a–g) undergo a facile rearrangement to form N-(4-cytidinyl)amino acid amides (5a–g). Secondary aminoacyl derivatives rearrange with other competing pathways. Tertiary aminoacyl derivatives do not rearrange.
Preparation and structure of an unexpected dehydrogenation product from 2,6-diphenylcyclohexanone oxime

The synthesis, spectroscopic studies, computational analysis, and crystal structure of (6S)-2,6-diphenylcyclohex-2-enone oxime are described. The oxime crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2l/c with a = 11.5269(11) A, b = 6.6724(6) A, c = 19.0105(18) A, β = 100.863(3)°, V = 1435.9(2) A3, and Z = 4. Semi-empirical (AM1), ab initio (MP2/6-31G*), and density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculations suggest that there are two low-energy conformations available for the oxime. Significant differences were observed between the dihedral angles in the conformers. Good agreement was found between the crystal data and one of the conformers from the calculations. The absence of certain splitting patterns in the 1H NMR spectrum of the title compound is in contrast to what would be expected on the basis of the dihedral angles and suggests that rapid interconversion is possible in solution. Analysis of the crystal packing suggests that one conformer is favored in the solid state, stabilized by packing interactions, and interconversion is prohibited due to a blocking effect.
Monitoring the Chest with Impedance

The application of bioelectric impedance to the measurement of tissue volume changes, long discussed, is with today's electronics innovations now a reality. The theory of this noninvasive technique is conceptually explained. Its application to continuous monitoring of the chest is described using three impedance devices, one of which was designed and developed by us. Clinical cases are described to illustrate its value in the early detection of pulmonary problems such as post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency, congestive heart failure, and atelectasis, and in following the clinical course of patients with these special problems.
Reduced central serotonin turnover in a subgroup of alcoholics

Abstract 1. 1. We review cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies suggesting on association between low CSF levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyi ndoleactic acid (5-HIAAA) and suicidal and impulsive behaviour and alcoholism. 2. 2. Relatively high percentages of alcoholics attempt and commit suicide and have impulsive antisocial personality disorder. 3. 3. Therefore, we suggest that there may be a sizable subgroup of alcoholics who have a reduced central serotonin turnover.
The angular dependence of surface-enhanced Brillouin scattering from silver in double resonance configuration

Abstract We present measurements of the angular dependence of surface-enhanced Brillouin scattering from silver for the configuration in which the light coupled into and out of the silver film is both resonantly enhanced by the interaction with the surface-plasmon polarition (SPP) mode. The data is in good agreement with theory and gives an enhancement factor in excess of 350.
Accounts, Formulations and Goal Attainment Strategies in Service Encounters'

Despite its apparently relational function, account giving is found during the course of goal completion in such task-oriented activities as service encounters. The present case involves calls to a telephone company relating to billing troubles. The analysis presented here reveals that nominally relationoriented talk is not always indicative of relational goals, but can be used as a strategy to achieve a task goal. This strategy, however, creates the potential for a coordination problem between participants, which, in turn, creates a need to negotiate the synchronising of institutional customer goals. The present analysis reveals that when coordination problems occur, formulations are used to redirect the talk, such that both participants orient in real-time to complementary goals.
Ocufen and pupillary dilation during cataract surgery

Abstract A random, masked prospective study was performed on 100 patients having elective extracapsular cataract extraction to evaluate the ability of Ocufen® (flurbiprofen) to maintain dilation of the pupil. All the patients received a standard dilating regimen; half also received Ocufen drops. Surgery was recorded with a video camera attached to the operating microscope. Magnification was kept constant. Pupil diameters were measured on a calibrated video screen at four different stages of the operation: at the beginning, post-capsulotomy, post-nucleus delivery, and at the end. The age, sex, and iris color of each patient were recorded. Preoperative pupillary diameters were not statistically different between the control and Ocufen groups. The Ocufen-treated group maintained pupillary dilation better on the average and had a much smaller incidence of pupil constriction greater than 2 mm.
Circular Dimer and Catenate Forms of Mitochondrial DNA in Human Leukaemic Leucocytes

Oligomer forms of circular mitochondrial DNA have been identified in mitochondrial extracts of human leukaemic leucocytes. The oligomers occur as circular dimers with a contour length of 10µ and catenanes made up of interlocked 5µ monomers.
A simple test for regression specification with non-nested alternatives

Abstract In this paper, I introduce a simple test for the presence of the data-generating process among several non-nested alternatives. The test is an extension of the classical J test for non-nested regression models. I also provide a bootstrap version of the test that avoids possible size distortions inherited from the J test.
SIMPLE MODELS FOR EXPLOITATIVE AND INTERFERENCE COMPETITION

Abstract Competition is exploitative when species compete for the same limited resource, and interference when species deplete one another's resources by interferences such as aggressive displays or fighting. If pure exploitative competition is defined as an effect on the carrying capacity, and if pure interference competition is defined as an effect on the rate of increase per individual, then the logistic equation can be modified to describe both pure exploitative and pure interference competition. Both models have identical equilibrium properties and very similar trajectories; it would be difficult to distinguish between these two types of competition using only data on abundances. However, for pure interference competition the relation between the rate of change per individual of one species and abundance of the second is linear, whereas for pure exploitative competition the relation between the rate of change per individual of one species and abundance of the second is non-linear; this is an important consideration when exploiting competitive species.
What Do Freshmen Really Know about Research? Assess before You Teach

Abstract The paper describes an effort to assess the information literacy skills of first year college students. An instrument was developed and information was gathered on students' experience and comfort in conducting library research as well as their perceived competence with specific information literacy skills. In addition, students completed a skills test to assess specific knowledge and skills relating to information literacy. Entering freshmen generally self-reported their skills to be less than “excellent.” This finding was supported by the results of the skills test. Strengths and weaknesses in information literacy skills are reported as well as implications for librarians who assess and teach these skills to students.
Principles of Mechanical Design for the Developing World: A Case Study Approach

Designing appropriate technology is becoming more prevalent as engineers have begun to focus more of their attention on the developing world. However, many efforts have failed or been relatively unsuccessful due to design processes that do not focus on sustainability. One author has provided a solid framework by outlining mechanical design basic principles including design for simplicity, analysis of load paths, and use of prototypes. Yet these principles were not presented in a way that makes them applicable to sustainable projects in the developing world. In this paper, these three principles are investigated through two design case studies. The goal was to analyze how well these principles apply to the developing world and whether several hypothesized changes would also be useful. With the principles in mind, a bicycle trailer and taxi were designed for an impoverished community in rural Africa. Based on these designs, it was determined that the three principles analyzed apply to the developing world but should be refocused and presented differently in order to be utilized effectively for sustainability.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Engineering of functional cartilage tissue using stem cells from synovial lining: a preliminary study.

Stem cells derived from synovial lining—synovial lining-derived stem cells or SDSCs—are a promising cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. We hypothesized that negatively selected SDSCs would form cartilage constructs and conventionally passaged SDSCs would be contaminated with macrophages, inhibiting SDSC-based chondrogenesis. We mixed SDSCs with fibrin gel and seeded the cells into polyglycolic acid scaffolds. After 3 days of incubation with a proliferative growth factor cocktail (containing transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1], insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I], and basic fibroblast growth factor [FGF-2]), the cell-fibrin-polyglycolic acid constructs were transferred into rotating bioreactor systems and cultured with a chondrogenic growth factor cocktail (TGF-β1/IGF-I) for up to 4 weeks. Tissue constructs based on negatively selected SDSCs had cartilaginous characteristics; were rich in glycosaminoglycans and collagen II; exhibited high expression of mRNA and protein for collagen II, aggrecan, and Sox 9; exhibited a negligible level of mRNA and protein for collagens I and X; and had an equilibrium modulus in the range of values measured for native human cartilage. Conventional passage yielded SDSCs with contaminating macrophages, which adversely affected the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage. We thus propose functional cartilage constructs could be engineered in vitro through the use of negatively isolated SDSCs.
The relationship of teachers’ conceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching to instructional practice

Case studies were conducted to investigate the conceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching held by three junior high school teachers. Examination of the relationship between conceptions and practice showed that the teachers' beliefs, views, and preferences about mathematics and its teaching played a significant, albeit subtle, role in shaping their instructional behavior. Differences among the teachers in their conceptions and practices are explained followed by a discussion of properties of their conceptual systems.
Variability and sexual dimorphism in canine size of Australopithecus and extant hominoids

Abstract Among extant hominoids degrees of sexual dimorphism and combined-sex coefficients of variation of canine teeth dimensions are highly correlated. Based on this relationship and coefficients of variation of four species of the genus Australopithecus , we predict degrees of canine dimorphism for these extinct hominids. The estimates show that A. afarensis is as dimorphic as the pygmy chimpanzee, A. boisei slightly less dimorphic than the pygmy chimpanzee, A. robustus slightly more dimorphic than the lar gibbon, while A. africanus overiaps with the lar gibbon as well as a modern human sample. These estimates represent degrees of canine dimorphism substantially lower than results based upon prior sexing of individual specimens. The relationship between canine dimorphism and body weight dimorphism is also analyzed. All four species of Australopithecus are considerably less dimorphic in canine size for their body weight dimorphism than expected. This dissociation of canine size dimorphism and body weight dimorphism is shared with modern humans, and thus represents a unique hominid trait. We interpret the moderate to strong body weight dimorphism in australopithecines as the result of intra- and intersexual selection typical of a polygynous mating structure, while the rather mild canine dimorphism is interpreted in terms of the “developmental crowding” model for reduction in canine size.