cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens. 3. Differentiation of field cases from classical Marek's disease by central nervous system lesions.

Summary Vasculitis with intramural pseudocyst formation primarily in the cerebellar white matter, but also in nuclei of the medulla, resulted in leakage of IgG and albumin and vacuolation of the neuropil (vasogenic oedema) in brains from chickens with clinical signs of Marek's disease virus (MDV)‐induced transient paralysis (TP). Demyelination was absent. Chickens that had recovered from TP had a restored blood‐brain‐barrier, indicated by the rarity of vasculitis and vascular intramural pseudocysts in the cerebellum. In addition, the vacuolation and protein leakage were greatly decreased. The minor vacuolation resulted primarily from intramyelinic (cytotoxic) oedema. The small quantity of extravascular protein was being removed by microglial cells and astro‐cytes. In one chicken which failed to fully recover from TP (TP‐prolonged) there was neither vasogenic oedema, cytotoxic oedema, nor vasculitis in the cerebellum. The medulla of the TP‐prolonged chicken had a severe lymphocytosis, swollen axons, neuron...
Coupling Numerators and Input-Output Pairing in Square Control Systems

Introduction T HE use of coupling numerators as a analysis/synthesis tool for frequency-domaincontrol system design is well established. Of particular interest is their use in approximating“effective”plant dynamics between a particular plant input and output pair when remaining responsevariablesare assumed to be tightly constrainedby feedback. After simplifyingof the calculationof couplingnumerators, their use in the selection of appropriatepairings of plant inputs and outputs for square feedback designs can be demonstrated. The effect of plant transmissionzeros on individualeffectiveplant transfer functionswhen other response variables are tightly constrained follows naturally from this approach. To begin this discussion,consider the state-space formulation for a linear system:
Carbon X-radiation for characterizing the supramolecular structure of polymer surfaces

Abstract The molecular chain arrangement on a 100- to 1000-A scale is one of the more important factors determining surface properties of polymers. Scattering of low-energy, large wavelength X-rays, also called “ultrasoft,” such as the characteristic X-rays of carbon (277 eV; 4.47 nm = 44.7 A), is particularly capable of yielding information about the “supramolecular” arrangement. This paper will describe the reasons which make carbon radiation useful for the characterization of polymer surfaces and which justify the development of novel instrumentation. The claims for usefulness will be supported by a few experimental examples.
Grain-boundary effects on the magnetoresistance properties of perovskite manganite films

The role of grain boundaries in the magnetoresistance (MR) properties of the manganites has been investigated by comparing the properties of epitaxial and polycrystalline films of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{D}_{0.33}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}} (D=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s})$. While the MR in the epitaxial films is strongly peaked near the ferromagnetic transition temperature and is very small at low temperatures, the polycrystalline films show large MR over a wide temperature range down to 5 K. The results are explained in terms of switching of magnetic domains in the grains and disorder-induced canting of Mn spins in the grain-boundary region.
Sexual morbidity in very long term survivors of vaginal and cervical cancer: a comparison to national norms.

Abstract Objectives To compare sexuality among very long term survivors of vaginal and cervical cancer to national norms and assess quality of care for sexual problems. Methods A survey of survivors in a cancer registry ( n =221) provided data comparable to the 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS). The NHSLS sample was individually matched on age and race to survivors at a 2:1 ratio. Responses were compared using conditional logistic regression and two-sample t -tests. Correlates of sexual problems among survivors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Survivors' mean age was 49 years (SD=6.0); median survivorship was 26.8 years (range 5.5–39.7). Survivors and controls reported similar levels of sexual partnership and activity, but sexual problems were significantly more prevalent among survivors (mean number of problems 2.6 versus 1.1, P P Conclusions Despite profoundly more sexual problems, survivors' rate of sexual partnership and activity was similar to population controls. Satisfaction with care relating to sexuality was significantly lower than with cancer care overall. Conversation with a physician about the sexual effects of cancer is associated with significantly lower likelihood of complex sexual morbidity among very long term survivors.
Physico‐Chemical Properties of Calcium Zincate

Pure, crystalline, fine particulate calcium zincate was prepared. Its chemical composition, was established by chemical analysis, weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis, and by x‐ray powder diffraction pattern. Its solubility in different solutions at 298 K was determined. The solubility data were used to determine the activities of and with respect to pure solid and liquid water, respectively, in calcium zincate. They were also used to determine the vapor pressure of water over calcium zincate and other thermodynamics properties of this system. The equilibrium constant of the reaction was found to be . The standard free energy of formation of calcium zincate was found to be at 298 K. The standard heat of formation was found to be −665 cal/mol, and the standard entropy of formation was found to be 3.35 cal/deg/mol.
Dasgupta Receives 2012 Hisashi Kuno Award

Rajdeep Dasgupta received the Hisashi Kuno Award at the 2012 AGU Fall Meeting, held 3–7 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “accomplishments of junior scientists who make outstanding contributions to the fields of volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology.”
Colloidal graphite-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and MSn of small molecules. 1. Imaging of cerebrosides directly from rat brain tissue.

Graphite-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was investigated for analysis of cerebrosides in a complex total brain lipid extract. Conventional MALDI MS and GALDI MS were compared regarding lipid analysis by using high-vacuum (HV, <10-6 Torr) LDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry and intermediate-pressure (IP, 0.17 Torr) linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Cerebrosides were not detected or detected with low sensitivity in MALDI MS because of other dominant phospholipids. By using GALDI, cerebrosides were detected as intense mass peaks without prior separation from other lipid species while mass peaks corresponding to phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were weak. The signal increase for cerebrosides and the signal decrease for PCs in GALDI MS were more significant in HV than in IP. MSn experiments of precursor ions corresponding to cerebrosides and PCs in brain lipid extract were performed to identify the detected species and distinguish isobaric ions. Twenty-two cerebroside species w...
The role of urodynamics in the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The evaluation and treatment of men with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms is a significant component of most urology practices. The role of urodynamics in this process is controversial. This article reviews the urodynamic techniques that can be used, the relationship between urodynamic testing results and treatment response, and the scenarios in which urodynamic testing may be particularly helpful.
Role of pancreatic enzymes in the development of multiple organ failure after shock

The gastrointestinal tract has been implicated as one of the main organ systems involved in the initiation of the acute inflammatory response that often follows shock. The exocrine functions of the pancreas include the secretion of digestive enzymes into the duodenal lumen. These intraluminal pancreatic enzymes may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure after shock. This article reviews the literature surrounding the hypothesis that digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are involved in the initiation of the systemic inflammatory response after shock and, ultimately, contribute to multiorgan failure and death.
Patch-size dependent habitat modification and facilitation on New England cobble beaches by Spartina alterniflora.

Most marine habitats are generated by the presence of habitat-modifying species. However, little is know about many aspects of this process, such as how individual- and population-level traits of habitat modifiers affect their ability to reduce environmental stress and thus facilitate other species. An important habitat modifier in New England is the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora which facilitates the establishment and persistence of cobble beach plant communities by reducing wave-related disturbance. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the modification of cobble beach habitats by S. alterniflora, (2) determine how this process is related to S. alterniflora bed traits, and (3) determine why small patches of S. alterniflora generally remain unoccupied by cobble beach plants. Our results demonstrate that S. alterniflora substantially reduces flow-related physical disturbance on cobble beaches. Behind S. alterniflora, mean flow velocity was reduced by 40-60% and substrate stability was dramatically increased compared to portions of the shoreline not bordered by this species. These comparative results were supported by a S. alterniflora shoot removal experiment, which resulted in a 33% increase in average flow velocity and an 85% increase in substrate instability relative to control areas. There was a strong inverse logarithmic relationship between bed length and both average flow velocity and substrate instability behind S. alterniflora. Most S. alterniflora beds were small and bed length was significantly related to the presence of one or more cobble beach plant species. Only 13% of beds 40 m long. Seeds of two annual cobble beach species (Suaeda linearis and Salicornia europaea) were added to plots behind large (>100 m in length) and small S. alterniflora (<25 m) beds with and without a substrate stabilization manipulation. Seedlings of both species only emerged and established behind small beds when the substrate was stabilized. These results indicate that smaller S. alterniflora patches are usually unoccupied because they do not stabilize the substrate to a degree that meets the establishment requirements of seedlings. Thus, both habitat modification and facilitation by S. alterniflora are patch-size dependent. The conditionality of this facilitation appears to generate a pattern of patchy yet predictable population and community distribution at a landscape spatial scale.
Pseudo-3D NMR spectroscopy: Application to oligo- and polysaccharides

Several pseudo-3D NMR experiments are proposed for removal of overlaps in 1D 1H NMR spectra. A selective pulse and a chemical-shift-selective filter are used for double selection of the magnetization during the course of the pulse sequence. Different polarization transfer mechanisms are combined into pseudo-3D COSY-RELAY, COSY-TOCSY, COSY-NOESY, COSY-ROESY, RELAY-NOESY, RELAY-ROESY, RELAY-RELAY and RELAY-TOCSY experiments. The techniques are illustrated on oligo- and polysaccharide samples.
Oral Health Knowledge and Sources of Information Among Elementary Schoolchildren

The dental health knowledge and sources of health information of 848 elementary schoolchildren (aged 9-12) in southwestern Michigan were assessed. Demographic parameters (education level, percent below poverty level, median income level) of the area were similar to state and national averages. The children were found to have some knowledge of caries and periodontal disease prevention, yet basic misconceptions were evident. More than one-third of the children thought that plaque should only be removed by a dentist. While 75 percent of the subjects knew that fluoride protected teeth from decay, only 4 percent of the children identified fluoridated water as the best source of this preventive agent. Knowledge of pit and fissure sealants was limited. Extent of correct dental knowledge was not related to age, sex, or mean DMFS scores. Children who answered the most questions correctly named parents and family as their source of information; dentist's office was the second most frequently mentioned source. Findings suggest a need to correct basic misinformation about dental health and to inform children about current efficacious preventive agents.
Production of spectrally narrow soft-x-ray radiation through the use of broadband laser-produced plasma sources and multilayer-coated reflecting optics

We describe a special filter design that produces spectrally narrow soft-x-ray radiation by using a broadband laser-produced plasma source and multilayer-coated reflecting optics. Calculations for the design were carried out at several laser-produced plasma-source temperatures and various multilayer-mirror combinations with and without a soft-x-ray filter. We determined that the best arrangement for a laser-produced plasma source consists of two multilayer mirrors and one soft-x-ray filter for each temperature investigated.
Magnetic anisotropy and crystalline electric field in borocarbide superconductors

Abstract The magnetic properties of the RNi 2 B 2 C (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) compounds are presented and studied in terms of the crystalline electric field effect (CEF). All of the compounds containing the magnetic rare earths R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm exhibit a strong temperature-dependent highly anisotropic magnetic behavior while isotropic for R=Gd. From the magnetization measurements, the R +3 magnetic moments in the Tb, Dy, and Ho compounds are found to have an easy-plane anisotropy, with the easy plane being the a b (RC) plane, whereas the Tm moments in the R=Tm compound are found to have an easy axis anisotropy with the easy axis along the c axis. The Er compound shows intermediate behavior. These anisotropies, together with the isotropy for R=Gd, are discussed and found to be in good agreement with point-charge CEF prediction. The intermediate anisotropy in R=Er compound is found to be due to the small value of Steven's coefficient B 2 0 .
Extraction of rare earth elements with 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate impregnated resins having different morphology and reagent content

Abstract Extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) with reagent impregnated resins (RIRs) using 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate (PC-88A) and Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4, XAD-16 and XAD-7 as a polymeric support has been studied. The impregnated resins containing various amounts of PC-88A have been prepared by a dry method. The effect of contact time on the extraction of REEs with PC-88A impregnated resins (PC-88A–resin=20/80, 50/50 wt.%) at pH 3.5 has been chiefly investigated. It was found that the extraction becomes slow when an insufficient amount of PC-88A was impregnated into XAD-2, XAD-4 or XAD-16 resins with respect to their pore volume. Little effect of the amount of PC-88A in XAD-7 on the rate of extraction was observed. The presence of n-dodecane improves the extraction kinetics for XAD-4 and XAD-16 at a small PC-88A content. It is speculated that PC-88A should be filled in the pore of the resin from the bottom to the top under the present impregnation process. It is thus recommended to make RIRs with enough of the reagent to fill up the pores of hydrophobic resins in this impregnation method.
Sample size determinations for studying selected cattle foraging behaviors

Abstract Experimentation on livestock foraging behaviors under free-ranging conditions is frequently constrained by few experimental units (animals). Effective research designs require knowledge of expected sampling variability, but this information relative to range foraging behaviors is lacking. Sixteen 5-year-old range beef cows were used to estimate daily grazing time (DGT) and fecal output (percentage of body weight, FOBW) for 46 consecutive days during a winter grazing season. Estimates of components of variability associated with cows, days, and theoretical treatment effects were constructed from these data. Implied sample size requirements for a half-confidence-width ≤10% of the mean and a Type 1 significance level of 0.05 were 7 and 9 cows for DGT and FOBW, respectively, with day as a fixed effect. For day as a random effect, implied sample sizes were 5 days and 5 animals for DGT, and 5 days and 9 animals for FOBW. Variability among animals was greater when estimating FOBW than for DGT estimates. Detecting differences between two treatments sampled over 5 days with Type 1 and Type 2 probabilities of 0.05 and 0.10, respectively, implied sample sizes of five and > 20 cows for DGT and FOBW estimates, respectively. In general, these data indicated that 20 was excessive. These sample size estimates were obtained from a relatively uniform set of animals grazing a uniform quality and quantity of forage. Estimates of N would have been greater under more variable experimental conditions. Given constraints of statistics and the logistics of range nutrition experimentation, unless sample size requirements can be satisfied it may not be appropriate to examine certain questions with current experimental methodologies.
Academic Performance among Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Setting Minimum Standards for Comparison Groups

The conclusions from previous research on childhood adjustment to sickle cell disease (SCD) have been inconsistent. One possible explanation for this inconsistency is that such children sometimes have been compared to children with different demographic characteristics. This study examined whether 42 African-American children with sickle cell disease differ in academic performance from a comparison group of 26 with similar demographic characteristics. The two groups were similar by sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. School data were collected for both groups. The differences between the two groups on academic performance were not significant. One implication of the findings is the importance of setting minimum standards for comparison groups in studies of children with sickle cell disease.
Fat depot-specific expression of adiponectin is impaired in zucker fatty rats

Adiposity, particularly increased intra-abdominal fat, is a predisposing factor for the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Visceral fat seems to differ from subcutaneous adipose tissue in adipocytokine production. This fat depot-related difference has been viewed as an important mechanism by which adipose tissue exerts its paracrine/autocrine effects on peripheral tissue in modulating insulin sensitivity. We have studied the relative expression of adiponectin in visceral versus subcutaneous fat in Zucker fatty versus lean rats. Visceral fat, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, exhibited relatively higher levels of adiponectin production in lean animals. However, in Zucker fatty rats, adiponectin expression in visceral fat was suppressed to basal levels, which correlated with significantly reduced plasma adiponectin concentrations and increased insulin resistance. These results suggest that an impaired depot-specific expression of adiponectin is a contributing factor for the development of insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rats.
Regulation of muscarinic receptors by intrahippocampal injections of gallamine.

Abstract Multiple intrahippocampal injections of gallamine impair performance of a representational memory task in rats 11 . The binding of [ 3 H]- (−)-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to rat brain sections was measured to determine if changes in receptor binding were associated with the deleterious effects of gallamine. [ 3 H]-(−)-QNB binding to sections taken from gallamine-injected animals was compared with binding in saline- injected control animals. Autoradiographic analyses indicated an increase in [ 3 H]-(-)-QNB binding sites within all layers of the cerebral cortex and in the superior colliculus in gallamine-treated animals as compared to saline-injected controls. Significant increases were noted in cortical layers IV and V ( P P > 0.05) in the number of binding sites were observed in the hippocampus, neostriatum or various thalamic nuclei. The ability of unlabeled pirenzepine, gallamine and carbamylcholine to inhibit 0.2 nM [ 3 H]-(−)-QNB binding also was measured to determine changes in the distribution of receptor subtypes. No significant changes were observed in any brain region for the binding of the selective antagonists pirenzepine and gallamine or the agonist carbamylcholine. Although other possibilities are considered, the data suggest that an increase in the number of muscarinic receptors may contribute to the observed behavioral deficits associated with long-term gallamine treatment.
Upsilon spectroscopy at CESR

Abstract Present information about the quarkonium system consisting of a b-quark and of its antiquark is reviewed with emphasis on the recent results obtained at the Cornell CESR machine.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STEROIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BURSA FABRICII IN CHICK EMBRYOS

The effects of various androgen-like steroids on the development of the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus and spleen were studied in chick embryos. Varying doses of the hormones, ranging from 0.05 mg. to 1.5 mg., were injected in oil solution into the albumin portion of developing eggs on the 5th day of incubation. Autopsies were performed on the 19th day of incubation. Of the compounds tested, dihydrotestosterone proved to be the most active in terms of inhibiting the development of the bursa, using the degree of reduction of the tissue weight as the criterion of activity. Several of the other less potent compounds were grouped in the order of decreasing activity as follows: a) androsterone, androstane-3,17-dione, b) 19-nortestosterone, testosteronecyclo- pentyl-propionate, methylandrostenediol, and c) testosterone. An attempt was made to relate the relative activities of these compounds in causing bursal inhibition to their structural configurations. For example, those androgens with a completely reduced s...
MASS: a multi-facet domain-specific influential blogger mining system

With rapid development of web 2.0 technology and e-business, bloggers play significant roles in the blogosphere as well as the external world. In particular, influential bloggers can bring great business values to modern enterprise. Despite that several systems for mining influential bloggers are available, they measure the influence of bloggers in general rather than domain specific, which is not applicable for real application requirements, such as business advertisement, personalized recommendation and so on. In this paper, we propose an effective model to mine the top-k influential bloggers according to their interest domains, the impact and attitude of the comments to their posts, as well as their authority in the network of page links. In this demonstration, we present MASS, an effective system for mining influential bloggers. We will present the techniques in MASS, its experimental evaluation, as well as its applications.
Plasma thyroxine and cortisol under basal conditions and during cold stress in the aging dog.

The effects of aging on plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and cortisol and on responses of these hormones to low ambient temperatures were determined in the dog. Female beagle dogs were divided into three age groups: old, adult, and puppies. The mean (4SD) ages were 11.4 f 0.2 years, 3.0 f 0.4 years, and 7.6 f 0.2 weeks, respectively. All dogs came from a genetically homogeneous colony and were free from any disease. The adult and old dogs were used during anestrus. Based on four daily blood samples, the mean (fSE) T4 level in the old dogs (2.8 f 0.1 pg/dl) was significantly (P 130% by 5 hr) and cortisol (>280% by 1 hr) in adult dogs. This temperature produced only a modest increase in T4 (70% by 3.5 hr) and no change in cortisol in the old dogs. The puppies showed no change in T4 and cortisol during exposure to -5°C. The results demonstrate that with advancing age, plasma T4 and cortisol concentrations change in opposite directions, thus supporting the hypothesis of a negative relationship between these two hormones. These results also show that the responses of these hormones to the stress of cold decline during aging and are not yet developed in the very young. o 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Perceptions of power: A cognitive perspective

Upper level college students in the United States ( N = 28) were presented with vignettes describing a manager as possessing either (a) high coercive and reward power, or (b) low coercive and reward power. The manipulation of these two power bases had a significant impact on all five of French and Raven’s (1959) power bases (i.e., referent, coercive, expert, legitimate, and reward). Moreover, population effect size estimates (eta-squares) were noticeably large, ranging from .17 to .68. These findings are interpreted utilizing a cognitive perspective, and expanding the construct of cognitive structures to the realm of social power.
Ultradispersed supported silver catalysts: Effect of preparation and reduction procedures on dispersion and unusual oxygen adsorption properties at high O2 pressures

Abstract The effect of metal precursor and reduction procedure on dispersion of silver catalysts has been explored. Nearly identical dispersions were obtained using AgNO3, AgO2CCH3, AgO2CCF3, and AgO3C3H5 as precursor salts supported on TiO2 at ~2% wt loading, implying little effect of the counterion within this series. Of the three reduction procedures: H2 alone (573 K), formaldehyde treatment (300 K) + H2, and hydrazine treatment (300 K) + H2, the former consistently gave higher dispersions of Ag on SiO2 and ηAl2O3 when AgNO3 was used, whereas essentially identical dispersions were achieved on TiO2 with the three reduction procedures. A 0.71 wt% and a 0.37 wt% Ag TiO 2 catalyst had initial dispersions of 0.65 and 0.72, respectively, which are the most highly dispersed Ag catalysts yet reported. These high dispersions also imply that bulk Ag2O formation is not likely with these small crystallites since a limiting oxygen-to-silver ratio of 0.50 is mandated by the latter. These ultrahighly dispersed samples also showed enhanced but reversible O2 uptakes at high O2 pressures (450–900 Torr, 1 Torr = 133 Pa). A limiting value near one oxygen atom adsorbed per silver atom present was obtained which approaches the stoichiometry of Ag2O2.
Numerical and Statistical Methodology to Analyze Microbial Spoilage of Refrigerated Solid Foods Exposed to Temperature Abuse

Numerical and statistical procedures based on pseudo-zero for the lag and first order reaction kinetics for the exponential growth phase were developed to analyze non-isothermal microbial spoilage. Arrhenius model parameters and their accuracy were estimated for a mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus andAchromobacter lwoffi growing in a seafood model. Linear regressions used with isothermal experiments generated initial values for nonlinear estimations of the frequency (K0) and activiation energy (Ea) constants. An optimization technique was used to minimize the square difference between experimental and estimated values while parameter accuracy was assessed using a bootstrap method. Ea and In(K0) were 109±3.4 and 48.3±1.5 kJ/mole for the exponential, and 152±4.0 and 64.4±1.7 kJ/mole for the lag phase, respectively. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum test showed no significant differences between parameters generated by two different temperature profiles (5% significance level).
You Are What You Eat: Genetically Modified Foods, Integrity, and Society

Thus far, the moral debateconcerning genetically modified foods (GMF) hasfocused on extrinsic consequentialist questionsabout the health effects, environmental impacts,and economic benefits of such foods. Thisextrinsic approach to the morality of GMF isdependent on unsubstantiated empirical claimsand fails to account for the intrinsic moralvalue of food and food choice and theirconnection to the agent's concept of the goodlife. I develop a set of objections to GMFgrounded in the concept of integrity andmaintain that food and food choice can beintimately connected to the agent's personalintegrity. I argue that due to the constitutionof GMF and the manner in which they areproduced, such foods are incompatible with thefundamental values and integrity of certainindividual moral agents or groups. I identifythree types of integrity that are threatened byGMF: religious, consumer, and integrity basedon certain other moral or metaphysical grounds.I maintain that these types of integrity aresufficiently important to provide justificationfor political and societal actions to protectthe interests of those affected. I conclude byproposing specific steps for handling GMFconsistent with the moral principles ofinformed consent, non-maleficence, and respectfor the integrity of all members of society.They include mandatory labeling of GMF, theimplementation of a system for control andregulations concerning such foods, andguaranteed provision of conventional foods.
Incidental Findings in the Pancreas (and Elsewhere): Putting Our Patients (and Ourselves) in a Difficult Situation

New guidelines from the American Gastroenterological Association on the management of incidental pancreatic cysts recommend less aggressive evaluation than previous recommendations from other group...
Alexandre Dumas père’s La Tour de Nesle (1832): tragedy or melodrama?

In the context of recent scholarly controversies over the distinction between tragedy and melodrama and the status of tragedy in Romantic‐era literature, this essay contends that Alexandre Dumas’s La Tour de Nesle (1832) deserves to be read as a tragedy. In an analysis of the tale of parricide, adultery, and infanticide at the center of this play, I show that, whatever the trappings, the plot and philosophy of La Tour exploits topoi familiar to readers of Classical, neoclassical, and Shakespearean tragedy and draws on concepts from the Judaeo‐Christian Bible.
DNA sequence selectivity of guanine-N7 alkylation by nitrogen mustards

Nitrogen mustards alkylate DNA primarily at the N7 position of guanine. Using an approach analogous to that of the Maxam-Gilbert procedure for DNA sequence analysis, we have examined the relative frequencies of alkylation for a number of nitrogen mustards at different guanine-N7 sites on a DNA fragment of known sequence. Most nitrogen mustards were found to have similar patterns of alkylation, with the sites of greatest alkylation being runs of contiguous guanines, and relatively weak alkylation at isolated guanines. Uracil mustard and quinacrine mustard, however, were found to have uniquely enhanced reaction with at least some 5'-PyGCC-3' and 5'-GT-3' sequences, respectively. In addition, quinacrine mustard showed a greater reaction at runs of contiguous guanines than did other nitrogen mustards, whereas uracil mustard showed little preference for these sequences. A comparison of the sequence-dependent variations of molecular electrostatic potential at the N7-position of guanine with the sequence dependent variations of alkylation intensity for mechlorethamine and L-phenylalanine mustard showed a good correlation in some regions of the DNA, but not others. It is concluded that electrostatic interactions may contribute strongly to the reaction rates of cationic compounds such as the reactive aziridinium species of nitrogen mustards, but that other sequence selectivities can be introduced in different nitrogen mustard derivatives.
O2 solubility in aqueous media determined by a kinetic method

A kinetic method for the determination of O2 solubility in air-saturated aqueous solutions of widely varying composition and temperature is described. It is based on the precise molar stoichiometry between the rates of uptake of H+ and O2, measured with response-matched electrodes, in the reaction NADH + H+ + 1/2O2----NAD+ + H2O, catalyzed by an NADH oxidase preparation. To the initially anaerobic test system, which contains an excess of NADH and NADH oxidase in a buffered medium, an aliquot of the O2-containing solution to be tested is added and the rates of both O2 uptake and H+ uptake are recorded; the H+ electrode is calibrated against standard HCl. From these data the amount of O2 in the aliquot is calculated. Some representative values for O2 solubility at 25 degrees C and 760 mm in air-saturated systems are (i) distilled H2O, 516 nmol O/ml, (ii) 0.15 M KCl, 480 nmol O/ml, and (iii) 0.25 M sucrose, 458 nmol O/ml. Data and equations are also given for the solubility of O2 at 760 mm in air-saturated and lightly buffered 0.15 M KCl and 0.25 M sucrose over the range 5 to 40 degrees C. In the method described the rates of O2 and H+ uptake are precisely linear and stoichiometric when NADH is present in large excess over O2. However, when O2 is in excess and small additions of 340-nm-standardized NADH are made, as in earlier methods based on NADH oxidation, the endpoint is approached very gradually and tends to overestimate O2 solubility, owing to (i) the higher Km for NADH than for O2, (ii) the relatively slow response of the Clark O2 electrode, and (iii) the incomplete oxidation of NADH in the presence of 340-nm-absorbing inhibitory substances.
Storage proteins in adult ants (Camponotus festinatus): Roles in colony founding by queens and in larval rearing by workers

Camponotus festinatus storage hexamers (Hex 1 and 2), first identified in last instar larvae, constitute two major proteins in adult queens and broodless workers. We have examined the effects of colony founding by queens and larval rearing by workers on their storage protein content. Both hexamerins accumulate in virgin queens, particularly Hex 2 in the fat body where it makes up about 70% of total soluble proteins. Colony founding causes a depletion of Hex 1 and 2 in queens. Levels of these proteins begin to decrease by the end of the claustral period when the first workers emerge, and they are depleted from fat body and hemolymph 1 month later. Larval rearing has an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of storage proteins in workers. Hex 1 occurs only in low concentrations in the hemolymph of 2- and 4-week-old workers kept with larvae, and disappears thereafter. Hex 2 does not accumulate in 2- to 8-week-old workers kept with larvae. Our results with Camponotus queens support a role of the storage hexamers in egg development and/or nourishment of the brood. These data also suggest an important role of nutrition in the synthesis and accumulation of hexamerins in adult workers.
Photoelastic analysis of prebuckling deformations of cylindrical shells.

Prebuckling deformation and stress-strain distributions in clamped thin cylindrical shell subjected to axial load, determining effect of boundary supports
Internal services: classification and quality management

The ultimate goal of total quality programmes is customer satisfaction. In order to reach that goal, TQM applies the customer orientation maxim internally, assuming that it can be applied without problems to internal services, too. Analyses the justification for this assumption. Argues that the concept of internal customer orientation only makes sense for workflow and audit/advice services, while evaluation/audit relationships do not comprise any kind of customer‐supplier relationship. It is shown that internal customer orientation does not arise automatically but results from management decisions which bring about an appropriate setting. Deals with the characteristics of workflow and non‐standardized support/ advice services and the consequences of these for the employment of customer‐oriented quality instruments. Points out that the strict realization of internal customer orientation can cause problems which prevent organizations from improving the quality of their products and services which are market...
A study on the structural protein of the vitreous body (vitrosin).

A method is described for the isolation of a structural protein of the vitreous body, which has been named vitrosin. The analyses show that vitrosin is a viscous, thixotropic, fibrous protein. Electron micrographs reveal that vitrosin particles are long fibrils, averaging 250 A in width. The isoelectric point was found to be around pH 5.5 and the shrinkage temperature 60°C. Vitrosin is composed of a protein-carbohydrate complex. It contains cystine and the aromatic amino acids in low quantities. Hexosamine could not be detected in the complex.
A Study of the Effect of Cotton Fiber Structure on Luster1

Cotton and synthetic fibers were studied analytically and experimentally to determine the basic cause of luster in fibrous materials. The analytic technique used provided a mathematical description of the interaction of light with a nearly ideal fiber, namely, glass. An instrument was constructed to measure the angle and intensity of light scattered from single fibers. A number of fibers were investigated in this way. The ideal glass fiber gave experimental data which correlated with those from the analysis. By the use of polarized light it was possible to measure the coherency of the scattering process, which was found to be a measure of the luster of the fibers.Under suitable experimental conditions, it was shown that surface reflection from a fiber is the source of the luster quality and that a small degree of surface roughness is very effective in decreasing the luster. It is not known exactly what magnitude of surface discontinuity is most responsible for loss of luster; however, it is quite possible...
Silviculture in an uncertain world: utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance

Forest management faces an uncertain future with changing climates and disturbance regimes. Multi-aged forest management systems represent a promising approach for increasing resistance and resilience, thereby limiting major disruptions to timber production and other ecosystem services. Multi-aged stands inherently have greater resistance and resilience to disturbances because of the presence of several age classes and more potential pathways for post-disturbance management and recovery. The preponderance of research also indicates few differences in productivity between multi-aged and even-aged management strategies. These factors combined suggest that increased adoption of multi-aged management systems will lead to a reduction in long-term risks. We advocate a disturbance integration management strategy that encourages managers to emulate disturbance effects with management, anticipate disturbances in planning, integrate the management of residual stand structures into salvage operations and build variable treatment intervals or cutting cycles into management regimes. © Institute of Chartered Foresters, 2013. All rights reserved.
Employee Involvement, Involved Employees: Participative Work Arrangements in a White-Collar Service Occupation

Using interview and observational data from an in-depth case study, this article analyzes outcomes associated with a participative approach to work for non-unionized, white-collar service workers. It describes the organizational basis for business-service workers' limited self-management, and the way consent to self-management was constructed in the context of a decentralized, unpredictable, and often interpersonally stressful work environment. Workers' constrained mobility opportunities and work biographies are also considered as part of the explanation for consent to chaotic work arrangements.
Model for Cell Wall Growth of Streptococcus faecalis

In exponentially growing and dividing cells of Streptococcus faecalis, it is proposed that the leading edge of the annularly closing cross wall is the point of extension for both cross wall and peripheral wall. Peripheral wall extension is thought to be produced by the separation or splitting of the cross wall at its junction with peripheral wall. This results in the pushing of the equatorial wall bands, found on S. faecalis walls, to subsequatorial positions. These bands therefore mark the separation of old wall from new wall. Mesosomal formation was observed usually to precede cross wall initiation.
Storage efficient replicated databases

A fragmentation method that reduces the storage overhead of replicated objects is proposed. A data-management protocol for these fragmented objects is presented, and it is shown that this protocol is a generalization of quorum algorithms for replicated data in which objects are not fragmented. Although the protocol reduces storage requirements, it does not achieve a high level of resiliency for both read and write operations. By integrating a propagation mechanism with the protocol, the same level of resiliency is achieved for both read and write operations as other quorum protocols, while the storage cost is reduced. >
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS : VIII. INFLUENCE OF CANCER INOCULATION ON THE LYMPHOID STIMULATION INDUCED BY SMALL DOSES OF X-RAYS.

Mice treated with small doses of x-rays and inoculated with cancer immediately afterwards, show a marked suppression of lymphoid proliferation. If, however, the cancer inoculation is made 7 days after the exposure to x-rays, thus permitting the primary lymphoid stimulation known to occur soon after the x-ray treatment to arise, a second stimulation takes place in a large proportion of mice thus inoculated. Changes in the blood of mice x-rayed and inoculated with cancer 7 days afterwards show that the state of resistance to cancer inoculation is attended by blood lymphocytosis, as is the case in all other varieties of immunity to transplanted cancer so far studied.
Modelling and system identification of a high precision measurement machine

This paper presents methods of parameter determination for models of a continuously scanning Universal Measuring Machine (UMM). The UMM measures parts by actuating linear and rotary motors. The parameters of these motors must be determined for high performance control and decreased tuning time. The machine tool parameters are determined both by a manual parameter determination approach using tailored tests and knowledge of the machine parameters as well as by system identification. A comparison of both methods shows that system identification can be used to accurately determine the motor parameters. Potential adaptive auto-tuning of the machine using this approach is discussed.
TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING PREDICTS STUDENT RESPONSIVENESS TO EXCHANGE DELAYS IN A CLASSROOM TOKEN SYSTEM

Typical assessments of temporal discounting involve presenting choices between hypothetical monetary outcomes. Participants choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards to determine how the passage of time affects the subjective value of reinforcement. Few studies, however, have compared such discounting to actual manipulations of reward delay. The present study examined the predictive validity of a temporal discounting procedure developed for use with children. Forty-six sixth-grade students completed a brief discounting assessment and were then exposed to a classwide intervention that involved both immediate and delayed reinforcement in a multiple baseline design across classrooms. The parameters derived from two hyperbolic models of discounting correlated significantly with actual on-task behavior under conditions of immediate and delayed exchange. Implications of temporal discounting assessments for behavioral assessment and treatment are discussed.
The Carboxyl-terminal Domain of the Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor Uncouples Ribosomal Biogenesis from Cell Cycle Progression in Differentiating 32D Myeloid Cells

Translational regulation plays an important role in development. In terminally differentiating cells a decrease in translation rate is common, although the regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We utilized 32Dcl3 myeloblast cells to investigate translational regulation during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced differentiation. G-CSF causes a significant decrease in translation rate compared with interleukin-3, which is a mitogen for these cells. Although these two cytokines exhibit modest differences in their effect on translation factor phosphorylation, they exhibit dramatic differences in their effect on ribosomal abundance and ribosomal DNA transcription. However, because both cytokines stimulate cell cycling, G-CSF induces a dissociation of ribosomal biogenesis from cell cycle progression. This uncoupling of ribosomal biogenesis from cell cycle progression appears to be closely related to the transmission of a differentiation signal, because it is not observed in cells expressing a carboxyl-terminally truncated G-CSF receptor, which supports proliferation but not differentiation of these cells. Because a similar event occurs early in differentiation of murine erythroleukemic cells, this suggests that ribosomal content is a common target of differentiating agents.
Applications of ring fixators in complex foot and ankle trauma.

Use of small wire ring fixators in fracture care increased rapidly in North America in the 1990s. Originally modeled on the fixators developed by Ilizarov in the Soviet Union, modern fixators have been altered and have a wide variety of applications. These small wire fixators are commonly referred to as Ilizarov fixators. Differences exist between the application of the Ilizarov technique, the original device, and the small wire fixators available today, however. 9,18 For simplicity, the terms are used interchangeably here, but the reader should recognize the distinctions.
Scanning Transmission X-ray Spectromicroscopy of Actinide Complexes

The fundamental characterization and understanding of 5f electron behavior in actinide complexes is imperative to provide an enhanced basis for the rational and accelerated development of improved processes relevant to nuclear energy. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy utilizing the scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source-Molecular Environmental Science (ALS-MES) Beamline 11.0.2 has been used to probe the electronic characteristics of a nitrogen donor ligand 2,6-Bis(2-benzimidazyl)pyridine (BBP) and its resulting U(IV) complex. The nitrogen K- and carbon K-edges have been collected from both ligand and uranium complex, as well as the uranium 4d-edge from the complex. Upon complexation, the light element absorption spectra change markedly and the uranium spectra from the complex is compared to the reference spectrum obtained from U(IV)Cl4. The evolution of the spectral features are described and interpreted within a simple conceptual framework. Based on spectral evidence alone, the uranium is bound through the pyridine-like nitrogens and the oxidation state of the uranium is consistent with a U(IV) species.
Characterization of cuticular lipids from cultivated and wild peanut species and their effect on feeding by fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract The cuticular lipids from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of two peanut cultivars and four wild peanut species were isolated individually and characterized by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The two Arachis hypogaea peanut cultivars, Florunner and Southern Runner, and three of the wild peanut species A. ipaensis, A. paraguariensis, and A. diogoi had higher proportions of fatty alcohols on the adaxial leaf surface (17–37%) than on the abaxial surface (11–14%) and a higher percentage of n-alkanes on the abaxial surface (23–66%) than on the adaxial surface (15–30%). The wild peanut species A. villosulicarpa had high proportions of n-alkanes on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy showed that leaf surfaces with high fatty alcohol content had a dense array of wax crystals while those with larger amounts of n-alkanes had an amorphous appearance. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae were reared on meridic diet containing foli...