cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex Articular Fractures of the Distal Radius: Classification and Management.

Articular fractures of the distal radius require an anatomic reduction, as even minimal step-offs are associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Such fractures are classified on the basis of both the mechanism and the pattern of injury. The comprehensive classification of fractures established by Muller et al defines those occurring from a shearing mechanism and involving part of the articular surface as type B fractures. These are in turn subdivided into group B1 fractures, which involve the radial styloid (chauffeur’s fracture); group B2, which involve the dorsal margin of the radius; and group B3, which involve the volar margin of the distal radius (Barton’s fracture). Type B fractures are unstable and often require operative intervention. Articular fractures resulting from a compression force on the end of the radius are classified as type C. A group C1 fracture is a two-part fracture without metaphyseal comminution; group C2, a two-part fracture with metaphyseal comminution; group C3, a fracture with more than two pieces, with or without comminution. The operative tactic for compression fractures involves restoration of the four common fragments in sequence. This can often be accomplished by manipulative means alone or with limited exposure of the fracture fragments and stabilization with percutaneous Kirschner wires. Neutralization with an external fixator and use of an autogenous bone graft are often required. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1997;5:119-129
A near optimal acceptance-rejection algorithm for exact cross-correlation search

We describe a fast algorithm that searches for the k most likely locations of a template in an image according to the standard normalized correlations criterion. The algorithm is exact; it always finds the best matches. Its speed is achieved by utilizing an acceptance-rejection pruning scheme, applied to easily computed bounds on the normalized correlation values. Previously proposed rejection schemes require a rejection threshold that has to be provided or estimated from the data. Our algorithm does not use such thresholds explicitly, but performs as well as if the perfect rejection threshold is known.
Patterns of root and alveolar-bone growth associated with development and eruption of teeth in rhesus monkeys.

Tritiated proline was used to follow the patterns of root growth and alveolar-bone production associated with tooth eruption in rhesus monkeys. Alveolar-bone deposition was seen around the apical regions of both erupting and functioning teeth, which indicated that the apical region was not spatially stable.
Vaginal evisceration during intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer

Abstract Background. Recent studies have established that intraperitoneal chemotherapy is associated with improved outcomes compared with intravenous treatment in patients with advanced, optimally cytoreduced ovarian cancer, but at the expense of increased toxicity. We present a case of vaginal evisceration during intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Case. Following an optimal cytoreduction including total hysterectomy for advanced ovarian cancer, a 63-year-old woman underwent intraperitoneal chemotherapy. On pelvic examination prior to her second cycle of chemotherapy, she was found to have vaginal evisceration of small bowel. Conclusion. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy imparts an improved survival, but at the expense of increased toxicity. It is possible that the increased abdominal pressure during intraperitoneal chemotherapy contributes to the risk for vaginal evisceration. In patients planning on undergoing intraperitoneal chemotherapy, supracervical hysterectomy should be considered in appropriate candidates.
Information and communications technologies and sustainability

Information and communications technologies are a double-edged sword, allowing us to better manage systems such as the environment and energy use. However ICTs are also very resource intensive. The net effect is unclear. In this paper, the major issues related to the life cycle energy and environmental components of ICT are presented. Issues discussed include impacts from manufacturing, using, and disposing of ICT and ICT systems, including e-commerce purchases, wired and wireless communications.
Direct-to-consumer sales of genetic services on the Internet

Purpose: The increasing use of the Internet to obtain genetics information and to order medical services without a prescription, combined with a rise in direct-to-consumer marketing for genetic testing, suggests the potential for the Internet to be used to sell genetic services. Methods: A systematic World Wide Web search was conducted in May 2002 to assess the availability of genetic services sold directly to consumers on the Internet. Results: Out of 105 sites that offered genetic services directly, most offered non–health-related services, including parentage confirmation testing (83%), identity testing (56%), and DNA banking (24%); however, health-related genetic tests were offered through 14 sites (13%). The health-related genetic tests available ranged from standard tests, such as hemochromatosis and cystic fibrosis, to more unconventional tests related to nutrition, behavior, and aging. Of these 14 sites, 5 described risks associated with the genetic services and 6 described the availability of counseling. Conclusions: The availability of direct sales of health-related genetic tests creates the potential for inadequate pretest decision making, misunderstanding test results, and access to tests of questionable clinical value.
In vivo left ventricular functional capacity is compromised in cMyBP-C null mice

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a thick filament-associated protein that binds tightly to myosin and has a potential role for modulating myocardial contraction. We tested the hypothes...
Learning classification in the olfactory system of insects

We propose a theoretical framework for odor classification in the olfactory system of insects. The classification task is accomplished in two steps. The first is a transformation from the antennal lobe to the intrinsic Kenyon cells in the mushroom body. This transformation into a higher-dimensional space is an injective function and can be implemented without any type of learning at the synaptic connections. In the second step, the encoded odors in the intrinsic Kenyon cells are linearly classified in the mushroom body lobes. The neurons that perform this linear classification are equivalent to hyperplanes whose connections are tuned by local Hebbian learning and by competition due to mutual inhibition. We calculate the range of values of activity and size of the network required to achieve efficient classification within this scheme in insect olfaction. We are able to demonstrate that biologically plausible control mechanisms can accomplish efficient classification of odors.
Constraint Repetition Inspection for Regular Expression on FPGA

Recent network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) use regular expressions to represent suspicious or malicious character sequences in packet payloads in a more efficient way. This paper introduces a new basic building block based on non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) hardware implementation to support complex constraint repetitions in regular expressions. This block is a customized counter capable of handling any type of constraint repetition, applicable to any sub-regular expression. We also introduce optimization techniques to reduce the area and improve the overall performance. We have implemented SNORT IDS regular expressions in hardware by taking advantage of the basic NFA building blocks, our proposed counting block and our proposed optimization techniques. We report experimental results for our architecture that verify area saving and performance improvement.
Bonobos Share with Strangers

Humans are thought to possess a unique proclivity to share with others – including strangers. This puzzling phenomenon has led many to suggest that sharing with strangers originates from human-unique language, social norms, warfare and/or cooperative breeding. However, bonobos, our closest living relative, are highly tolerant and, in the wild, are capable of having affiliative interactions with strangers. In four experiments, we therefore examined whether bonobos will voluntarily donate food to strangers. We show that bonobos will forego their own food for the benefit of interacting with a stranger. Their prosociality is in part driven by unselfish motivation, because bonobos will even help strangers acquire out-of-reach food when no desirable social interaction is possible. However, this prosociality has its limitations because bonobos will not donate food in their possession when a social interaction is not possible. These results indicate that other-regarding preferences toward strangers are not uniquely human. Moreover, language, social norms, warfare and cooperative breeding are unnecessary for the evolution of xenophilic sharing. Instead, we propose that prosociality toward strangers initially evolves due to selection for social tolerance, allowing the expansion of individual social networks. Human social norms and language may subsequently extend this ape-like social preference to the most costly contexts.
Assessment of Operator Trust in and Utilization of Automated Decision Aids under Different Framing Conditions

Computerized aids may be used to support decision-making in a variety of complex, dynamic arenas. Of interest in these systems is the extent to which operators utilize and trust such systems, parti...
Mutual Shaping of Users and Technologies in a National Virtual Community

In this essay I analyze how technologies and users relate to each other in a national virtual community. I argue that a mutual shaping perspective is best suited to capture the complexity, unpredictability, and recursivity of the interactions among technological features and users' discourses and practices. Drawing from recent developments in the study of computer-mediated communication, mutidisciplinary technology scholarship, and social psychology of nationhood, I show the mutual shaping of hardware capabilities, national identities, collective remembering, software configurations, and coordination practices that took place during my investigation of the Argentine Mailing List.
The Place of Place in Transitions to Democracy

In a recent debate with Philippe Schmitter and Terry Karl carried out on the pages of the Slavic Review (see Schmitter and Karl, 1994; Bunce, 1995b; and see Bunce, 1995a) I made the following arguments. First, comparisons between democratization in the “south” (or southern Europe and Latin America) and postcommunism1 in the “east” (or the former Soviet Union and eastern and central Europe) are problematic, because of the considerable differences between the two regions with respect to such key factors as the nature and impact of the authoritarian past, the modes of transition and the agenda of transformation2. Second, the easiest and in many ways most illuminating comparisons are among the postcommunist cases. This is because they combine both striking similarities — most obviously, the socialist past — and yet important differences — for example, level of socio-economic development, cultural diversity of the domestic population and extent of political and economic liberalization prior to the collapse of communist party hegemony. Finally, there are good reasons, nonetheless, to engage in cross-regional, as well as intra-regional comparisons. Such comparisons can alert us to some causal factors previously overlooked, and they can be quite helpful in the generation, as well as the testing of theory. Thus, cross-regional studies can force us to re-think our understanding of the origins, the meaning and the practice of democracy, democratization, and democratic breakdown, and, for that matter, dictatorship and its breakdown as well (also see Collier and Levitsky, 1997). The purpose of this chapter is to continue this discussion by focussing on several key contrasts between the east and the south and using these contrasts to address some important theoretical issues in the study of recent democratization.
Thinking about the Recent Past and the Future of the EU

After the referendums in France and the Netherlands, the European Union was in disarray. However, political elites in all countries were insisting in the adoption of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, which in turn was a slight modification of the text adopted in the European Convention. The solution was found in the IGC of Brussels in 2007, where the substance of the Treaty was adopted, and symbolic details (flag, anthem) were dropped out. The article explains the impact of the institutions adopted in the Convention, and argues that these institutions would help political decision-making in the EU. It then explains how such significant results became possible (because of the important role of the Presidium in terms of agendasetting). Finally it argues that the text of the Constitution became a focal point for all negotiating governments. This is why elites came back to it despite the public disapproval of the referendums.
Failure Strength and Damage Mechanisms of E-Glass/Epoxy Laminates under In-Plane Biaxial Compressive Deformation

A strength and failure mechanism study of E-glass/epoxy laminates sub jected to uniaxial and in-plane biaxial compression loadings is presented. Specimen con figuration was found to have a large influence on the damage mechanism and resulting strength of the laminates. Standard compression test specimens with a gage section of 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) fail in a shear damage or a kink band mode. In large 125 mm (5 in.) square biaxial specimens, significant delamination not observed in the small specimens reduces the failure strength by 20-35%. The biaxial compressive failure envelope for E-glass/ epoxy is adequately described by a maximum stress or a maximum strain criteria that con siders the different failure modes. Estimates of the failure envelope based on small com pression test specimens where the failure mode is a shear or a kink band overestimates the strength of the large square biaxial test specimens that delaminate at a lower stress.
An Examination of the Relationships Between Ego Development, Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration, and the Behavioral Characteristics of Gifted Adolescents

Literature exploring the experiences of gifted individuals has often focused on asynchronous development, particularly during childhood and adolescence. Also discussed in the literature are the unique social, emotional, and behavioral characteristics associated with giftedness. However, there is still an unclear picture concerning the implications of this work as related to the specific counseling needs of gifted students, and little empirical support is provided. This study seeks to build, through a developmental lens, a more comprehensive base from which to design counseling and teaching approaches with gifted students. Findings indicate that the ego levels of gifted students are slightly higher than those of typical adolescents. Empirical evidence of the level of development related to Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration for gifted adolescents is provided, with the majority of respondents (70%) falling within Dabrowski's Level II--Unilevel Disintegration stage. Results also indicated that the gifted students studied are relatively well adjusted and that the behaviors exhibited by gifted adolescents are normally distributed. Study results are interpreted as indicating that although ego development and Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration may share similarities, they are different constructs, and further investigation is needed to best use these theories in designing appropriate and effective counseling and teaching intervention strategies for working with gifted adolescents. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are presented.
Harnessing experience: exploring the gap between evidence-based medicine and clinical practice.

Rationale, aims and objectives There is mounting evidence of a gap between Evidencebased Medicine (EBM) and physician clinical practice, in part because EBM is averaged global evidence gathered from exogenous populations which may not be relevant to local circumstances. Local endogenous evidence, collected in particular and ‘real world’patient populations may be more relevant, convincing and timely for clinical practice. Evidence Farming (EF) is a concept to provide such local evidence through the systematic collection of clinical experience to guide more effective practice. Methods We report on the findings of a pilot study of 29 individual and three focus group (n = 10) interviews exploring physicians’ evaluations how they use multiple sources of information in clinical decision making and their thoughts on EF. Results Physicians recognize a gap in translating EBM to practice. Physicians reported that when making clinical decisions, they more often rely on clinical experience, the opinions of colleagues and EBM summarizing electronic clinical resources rather than refer directly to EBM literature. Confidence in making decisions based on clinical experience increases over time, yet few physicians reported having systems for tracking their clinical experience in designing treatment plans and patient outcomes. Most physicians saw EF as a promising way to track experience, thereby making scientific evidence more relevant to their own clinical practices. Conclusion Clinical experience is relatively neglected by the EBM movement, but if that experience were systematically gathered through an approach such as EF, it would meet a need left unfulfilled by EBM.
JGI Fungal Genomics Program

Genomes of energy and environment fungi are in focus of the Fungal Genomic Program at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI). Its key project, the Genomics Encyclopedia of Fungi, targets fungi related to plant health (symbionts, pathogens, and biocontrol agents) and biorefinery processes (cellulose degradation, sugar fermentation, industrial hosts), and explores fungal diversity by means of genome sequencing and analysis. Over 60 fungal genomes have been sequenced by JGI to date and released through MycoCosm (www.jgi.doe.gov/fungi), a fungal web-portal, which integrates sequence and functional data with genome analysis tools for user community. Sequence analysis supported by functional genomics leads to developing parts list for complex systems ranging from ecosystems of biofuel crops to biorefineries. Recent examples of such `parts? suggested by comparative genomics and functional analysis in these areas are presented here.
Cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression are associated with medical comorbidity in patients after acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Depression is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the extent to which clinical depression is related to comorbid medical conditions is unknown. This study examined the degree of association between clinical depression and medical comorbidity in patients hospitalized with AMI. Methods Two thousand four hundred and eighty-one depressed or socially isolated patients with AMI were enrolled, as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease clinical trial. A structured interview was used to diagnose major and minor depression and dysthymia; severity of depression was measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory. Level of social support was measured by the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument. A modified version of the Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to measure the cumulative burden of medical comorbidity. Results The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having major depression increased linearly with medical comorbidity (ORs 1.6, 2.2, 2.7 for each increasing medical comorbidity category). This relationship remained after adjusting for coronary heart disease severity (ORs 1.4, 1.7, 1.9, P Conclusions Patients with AMI and clinical depression have significantly greater levels of medical comorbidity than nondepressed, socially isolated patients. Further research is needed to determine whether comorbid medical illness contributes to the more frequent rehospitalizations and increased risk of mortality associated with depression.
Psychological size and distance in the relationships of adult children of alcoholics with their parents.

Adult children of alcoholics' (n = 68) perceptions of their relationships with parents were compared with those of a control sample (n = 37) to examine independent and joint influences of interpersonal status and affect on family dynamics. Visual metaphors for relationships using circle drawings and a status-affect rating scale from the Grasha-Ichiyama Psychological Size and Distance Scale were employed. Compared with the control group, adult children of alcoholics drew smaller circles to represent themselves, i.e., indicating less interpersonal status, only when assessing their relationships with their fathers. Analyses of status-affect ratings showed that the drawings of smaller circles reflected feeling less competent, i.e., having less personal knowledge and expertise, rather than perceptions of being submissive in the relationship. The distance drawn between the circles of adult children of alcoholics and their parents, i.e., psychological distance, was much larger than that of the control group. Ratings showed that perceptions of a negative emotional climate and submissiveness together accounted for 25% of the unique variance in predicting psychological distance. Perceptions of being submissive, however, were not associated with perceptions of psychological distance among adult children of nonalcoholic parents.
6-Fluoro-indan-1-one.

The title compound, C9H7FO, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, in which corresponding bond lengths are the same within experimental error. The five-membered ring in each molecule is almost planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.016 and 0.029 A. In the crystal, mol­ecules form sheets parallel to (1 0 0) via C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F inter­actions with F⋯F contacts [3.1788 (16) and 3.2490 (16) A] between the sheets.
Wind-Flow Patterns in the Grand Canyon as Revealed by Doppler Lidar

Many interesting flow patterns were found in the Grand Canyon by a scanning Doppler lidar deployed to the south rim during the 1990 Wintertime Visibility Study. Three are analyzed in this study: 1) flow reversal in the canyon, where the flow in the canyon was in the opposite direction from the flow above the canyon rim; 2) under strong, gusty flow from the southwest, the flow inside and above the canyon was from a similar direction and coupled; and 3) under light large-scale ambient flow, the lidar found evidence of local, thermally forced up- and down-canyon winds in the bottom of the canyon. On the days with flow reversal in the canyon, the strongest in-canyon flow response was found for days with northwesterly flow and a strong inversion at the canyon rim. The aerosol backscatter profiles were well mixed within the canyon but poorly mixed across the rim because of the inversion. The gusty southwest flow days showed strong evidence of vertical mixing across the rim both in the momentum and in the aerosol backscatter profiles, as one would expect in turbulent flow. The days with light ambient flow showed poor vertical mixing even inside the canyon, where the jet of down-canyon flow in the bottom of the canyon at night was often either cleaner or dirtier than the air in the upper portions of the canyon. In a case study presented, the light ambient flow regime ended with an intrusion of polluted, gusty, southwesterly flow. The polluted, high-backscatter air took several hours to mix into the upper parts of the canyon. An example is also given of high-backscatter air in the upper portions of the canyon being mixed rapidly down into a jet of cleaner air in the bottom of the canyon in just a few minutes.
Cold Hardiness Estimates of Woody Taxa From Cultivated and Wild Collections

Twenty woody taxa from cultivated and wild collections were laboratory tested for midwinter and/or late winter cold hardiness using leaf and/or stem tissue. Potential introductions from Acer rubrum, Cedrus libani, Gardenia jasminoides, and Osmanthus americanus were more cold hardy than their species zone ratings. 'Alice' and 'Alison' oakleaf hydrangea, Hydrangea quercifolia, and three clones of Osmanthus americanus, although similar in ornamental characteristics, showed large differences in cold hardiness. Clones of Cornus florida and C. mas from Spring Grove, Cincinnati, Ohio, were cold hardy to at least-30°C (-22°F) in January. Wild-collected Camellia japonica, Staphylea bumalda and Styrax obassia from Korea were at least one zone hardier than typical for the species. Index words: cold tolerance, new introductions, plant sele(;tion. Species Used in This Study: Red maple (Acer rubrum L.); Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica L.); Cedar-of-Lebanon (Cedrus libani A. Rich.); flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.); corneliancherry dogwood (Cornus mas L.); Enkianthus (Enkianthus perulatus Schneid.); dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii J. Murr.); gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis); oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr.); Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.); Chinese privet (Ligustrum lucidum Ait.); devilwood (Osmanthus americanus (L.) A. Gray); bumald bladdernut (Staphylea bumalda DC.); fragrant snowbell (Styrax obassia Siebe and Zucc.). Significance to the Nursery Industry Cold, more than any other environmental factor, limits the range of adaptability of woody plants. Laboratory cold har­ diness determinations have correlated closely with observed field performance. The results of this study provide labora­ tory cold hardiness estimates for 20 woody plant taxa. In selected cases, cold hardiness is compared to that of the more common cultivars. The data are useful for estimating the northern limits of adaptability and assessing the potential cold hardiness of wild-collected germplasm and newly intro­ duced cultivars.
Criminalizing Cognitive Enhancement at the Blackjack Table

Blackjack players who “count cards” keep track of cards that have already been played and use this knowledge to turn the probability of winning in their favor. Though casinos try to eject card counters or otherwise make their task more difficult, card counting is perfectly legal. So long as card counters rely on their own memory and computational skills, they have violated no laws and can make sizable profits. By contrast, if players use a “device” to help them count cards, like a calculator or smartphone, they have committed a serious crime. I consider two potential justifications for anti-device legislation and find both lacking. The first is that, unlike natural card counting, device-assisted card counting requires cognitive enhancement. It makes card counting less natural and is unfair to casinos and should therefore be prohibited. The second potential justification relies on the privacy of our thoughts. On this view, natural card counting is a kind of cheating that warrants punishment. We do not criminalize natural card counting, however, because such laws would interfere with our thought privacy. Since concerns about thought privacy are less applicable to device-assisted counting, we can prohibit device-assisted counting without violating our rights to freedom of mind. While I do not purport to show that these justifications are hopeless, I present reasons to doubt that they will ultimately prove successful.
The Development of Black Capitalism in South Africa and the United States

The study focuses on black corporate entrepreneurship or "black economic empowerment" (BEE) as a platform for comparative analysis of the struggles for black integration into the economic mainstream in the United States and South Africa. It investigates the role of racism and apartheid, as both state policy and social conventions, in the development or destruction of the spirit of black entrepreneurship in each country. The study also compares South Africa's BEE and USA's black capitalism programs; traces and theoretically explains the similarities or parallels and differences between the strategies, programs, and the resulting state-black business relations in each country. The central argument is that the absence of a supportive, developmental state to break down entry and institutional barriers in the USA led black business to rely on the black political class for support, thereby restricting the strategic networking and policy options available to them as a class. On the hand, a supportive state and a conscious state policy of BEE in South Africa, despite its deficiencies, have created the conditions that are making black South Africans more likely to achieve more sustainable economic empowerment and at a faster rate. This outcome is not just because of their numerical strength and the post-apartheid developmental state, but also because of the peculiarly different economic culture and empowerment trajectories they have thus far adopted.
Abstract 3111: Synthetic lethality in head and neck cancer

Current treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) typically include both radiation and chemotherapy, which is associated with significant morbidity. Our main objective was to explore a novel adjuvant molecular therapy approach to minimize the chemoradiation-induced side effects and toxicities, while maintaining therapeutic anti-tumor effects in HNSCC through the mechanism of synthetic lethality that has been already exploited to a limited extent in clinical trials for breast cancer. It has been demonstrated that synthetic lethality is based on the roles of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in DNA single-stranded break (SSB) repair, and BRCA-1 and -2 in double-stranded break (DSB) repair. By simply inhibiting PARP-1 in tumor cells carrying a mutation in the Brca genes, one would expect complete tumor regression. The MRN complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs-1) is well recognized as a key sensor of DSBs and acts by recruiting and activating DNA damage response proteins. These concepts led us to investigate the concept of introducing a mutation to the MRN complex, in combination with PARP-1 inhibition, thereby creating “dual hits” that would result in synthetic lethality within tumors expressing wild-type Brca genes such as HNSCC. Human HNSCC tumor cell lines and a mouse model with human HNSCC were used in the study. Wild-type MRN and PARP expressions were detected in these tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate synthetic lethality effects after combining PARP-1 inhibition with adenovirus-mediated Nbs-1 (Ad-Nbs-1) gene transfer treatment, which we had previously shown to impair MRN expression. Telomere length was measured to investigate the potential mechanism of synthetic lethality. Our study demonstrates that significant synthetic lethality was found with combined PARP-1 inhibition and Ad-Nbs-1 treatment in both in vitro and in vivo experiments; it also suggests that the telomere maintenance may play an important role in synthetic lethality. In conclusion, we propose an important novel mechanism responsible for the synthetic lethality of PARP-1 inhibitors and MRN disruption based on their roles on telomere maintenance. Our findings emphasize the potential benefits of our therapeutic approach and deserve further investigation to help obviate the toxicities associated with existing treatment regimens for HNSCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3111. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3111
A COHERENCE-BASED TECHNIQUE TO SEPARATE EJECTOR INTERNAL MIXING NOISE FROM FARFIELD MEASUREMENTS

Different coherence-based analysis techniques were examined and derived for the purpose of separating correlated internal mixing noise from correlated and uncorrelated extraneous noise such as external background noise and external jet noise at farfield microphone locations. Limitations and assumptions associated with these techniques were also examined. These analysis techniques were applied to experimental measurements acquired with simulated upstream noise source. The assumptions for these analysis techniques were verified with experimental data. Coherence-based techniques were applied to educe the correlated internal mixing noise simulated by an upstream acoustic driver. A method derived from conditional spectral analysis using five microphones was applied to the experimental data to separate correlated extraneous noise from farfield measurements. Subsequently, farfield and nearfield acoustic measurements were acquired in model tests of a mixer nozzle exhausting into an ejector duct along with acoustic data acquired from microphones flush- mounted on the side wall of the ejector. Selected data were analyzed and the correlated noise educed. Nomenclature
Republished: Failure of reflux inhibitors in clinical trials: bad drugs or wrong patients?

Treatment modalities for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) mirror the pathophysiology of the disease. Since acid plays a key role in GORD-associated mucosal lesions, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the dominant GORD treatment, being the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available. However, the clinical effectiveness of PPIs varies with the specific symptoms being treated; they are more effective for heartburn than for regurgitation than for extra-oesophageal symptoms. An alternative therapeutic approach to GORD is to prevent the most fundamental cause of reflux symptoms, reflux itself, which most commonly occurs by transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLOSR). Among potential pharmaceutical agents developed to target TLOSRs, the most advanced are GABA(B) (γ-aminobutyric acid) agonists, which experimentally reduce the occurrence of TLOSRs by about 40% in both animal and human studies. However, the effectiveness of GABA(B) agonists in clinical trials of patients with GORD with an incomplete response to PPI treatment has been modest. In part, this is probably attributable to the difficult problem of patient selection in these trials. Identifying patients by partial response to PPI treatment results in a heterogeneous population, including those with persistent weakly acidic reflux, patients with visceral hypersensitivity and those with functional heartburn, dyspepsia, or chest pain. From the clinical data available, the best treatment results and, hence, the patients most likely to benefit from reflux inhibitors, are those with persistent reflux, most commonly manifest as persistent regurgitation despite PPI treatment.
Composite Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma

Introduction: Composite lymphoma is defined as the co-occurrence of two or, rarely, more than two morphologically and/or immunophenotypically different types of lymphoma in the same anatomic site. These lymphomas can arise synchronously or metachronously, and can be clonally related or unrelated. Different combinations of lymphomas have been reported, of which chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and follicular lymphoma …
SU‐G‐IeP1‐05: Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for Oropharyngeal Cancer Detection

Purpose: Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an emerging diffusion MRI technique in cancer diagnosis applications. The objective of this study is to compare DKI with conventional diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Methods: Five male patients with histologically documented phase II/III squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx were included in this study. DKI (with 6 b-values of 0-2000 s/mm2) and conventional DWI data were acquired at a 3.0 T GE MRI scanner. Monoexponential (calculating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using DWI data) and non-Gaussian kurtosis (calculating mean diffusion coefficient (MD) and mean kurtosis coefficient (MK) using DKI data) fits were performed on a voxel-by-voxel basis in selected regions of interest (primary tumor, metastatic nodes, contralateral region of tumor (tongue muscle), and submandibular glands). The non-parametric Wilcoxon test of ADC and DKI parameters between primary tumor and tongue muscle in contralateral region of tumor were calculated for comparison. Results: Examples of T1 post-contrast images and diffusion parametric maps (ADC, MD and MK) were illustrated in Figure 1 for an oropharynx cancer patient. MK parameters were significantly higher in the primary tumor than in the contralateral tongue muscle (0.89 ± 0.17 vs 0.68 ± 0.13, respectively; P <.05). MD and ADC in the primary tumor were significantly lower than those in the contralateral tongue muscle (1.20 ± 0.23 vs 2.57 ± 1.01; P <0.02 and 0.88 ± 0.22 vs 1.41 ± 0.18; P <0.01, respectively) (Table 1). Figure 2 showed statistical distribution of DWI and DKI parameters in selected regions of interest (primary tumor, metastatic nodes, tongue muscle, and submandibular glands). Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study showed DKI could be a new option for increasing diagnostic confidence of oropharyngeal lesions. We continue to accrue study patients to evaluate the potential correlation between DKI parameters and tumor pathologic factors.
Excessive daytime somnolence and increased rapid eye movement pressure in myotonic dystrophy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep studies at Duke University Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed to investigate causes of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in our myotonic dystrophy1 (DM1) patient population, identified by an abnormal CTG expansion on chromosome 19. Excessive daytime sleepiness, an accentuated desire for sleep or the occurrence of sleep episodes that interfere with normal wakefulness, is common in patients with DM1. Sleep abnormalities, such as central and obstructive sleep apnea, have been extensively reported; however, many DM1 patients suffer from EDS in the absence of any identified respiratory dysrhythmia. DESIGN Nineteen DM1 patients, with the clinical diagnosis and genetic confirmation in the proband or a related family member, had a sleep evaluation. Polysomnogram (PSG) and mean sleep latency test (MSLT) results were retrospectively reviewed. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS N/A. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Most DM1 patients demonstrated grade 3 (distal weakness) or grade 4 (mild to moderate proximal weakness) on the myotonic dystrophy impairment rating scale. All patents had a PSG, with 13 patients having an MSLT the following day. Clinically significant respiratory abnormalities on PSG, defined in this study as a respiratory disturbance index > 15 and/or upper airway resistance syndrome, could not explain the EDS observed in 14 of 19 patients. Decreased mean sleep latency was observed in 12 of 13 patients evaluated by MSLT, while sleep onset REM sleep was seen in 8 of 13 patients. Pathologic REM onset (2 or more SOREMs on MSLT) was seen in 5 of 13 patients, with 3 of those 5 patients having a PSG with RDI < or = 5. CONCLUSIONS Most DM1 patients did not have significant respiratory abnormalities on PSG to explain the manifested EDS. Objective sleepiness is common in DM1, and pathologic REM pressure can be commonly observed. These observations imply an intrinsic hypersomnolence sometimes accompanied by abnormal REM pressure may be an integral part of EDS in DM1 patients.
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Oral Cavity.

A 19 year old female presents to the emergency room with right facial enlargement. Clinical examination revealed a soft tissue mass of the right buccal mucosa. Treated initially as infection, the patient later turned to clinic with now rapidly enlarging and intermittently painful mass. Computed tomography with contrast showed a low attenuated buccal mass with mild enhancement lateral to the right caudal maxilla and superior mandible. Biopsy was performed and microscopic examination showed cells with moderate pleomorphism with numerous atypical mitotic figures and occasional elongated “strap” cells with eccentric nuclei. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed no rearrangement of the FKHR gene. The diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was rendered. The patient was referred to the local children’s hospital for definitive treatment.
Prioritizing the healthcare needs of Latinos with mental illness

ABSTRACTLatinos with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates than same age peers. In this paper, we review findings of a community based participatory research project meant to identify important health needs of this group, barriers to these needs, solutions to the barriers and the promise of peer navigators as a solution. Findings from a prior qualitative study yielded 84 themes related to needs, barriers and solutions. These findings were transposed into individual items, to which 122 Latino participants with mental illness responded using a 7-point importance scale. Results showed item importance means ranging from 4.34 to 5.47, with counseling/therapy services and mental health treatment topping the list for healthcare needs. Analyses also examined differences between those born in the USA versus those born elsewhere. Latinos who were native to the USA differed significantly from those born abroad in over one quarter of importance ratings. Implications of these findings for in...
Wave Propagation and Intensity Variations

Energy transfer by waves displays characteristics that are present in radiation, and that can be explored in a variety of situations. Changes in distance and angle of inclination of radiant energy have applications to many areas of study.
Oh Brother Where Art Thou?: The Struggles of African American Men in the Global Economy of the Information Age

As early as the late 1980’s, William Wilson argued that widespread economic transitions had altered the socioeconomic structure of American inner cities to the detriment of African Americans. Wilson identified declines in manufacturing work and its replacement with poorly compensated service sector work as driving racial segregation and leaving African Americans jobless, poor and alienated from American society. These transitions were particularly problematic for African American men since manufacturing work was their primary gateway to middle-class employment while African American women had already focused more on service work. Since the initial exposition of Wilson’s theory of deindustrialization, Wilson’s framework of transition, disadvantage and alienation has proven true with a vengeance for working class African American men. The decline in manufacturing jobs since the 1980’s has left African American men without their traditional gateway to the middle-class and accelerated the decline of American unions which benefited those men. As the economy transitioned from manufacturing to service jobs, African American men’s disadvantages in education have left them at a loss in competing for the high wage jobs that remain. At the same time de-industrialization was sweeping our economy, the nation waged a “War on Drugs,” largely at the expense of inner city African American men who suffered high rates of imprisonment with long mandatory sentences even for non-violent offences. These high rates of imprisonment removed African American men from the Black community and left them at a serious disadvantage in an increasingly competitive low-skilled labor market. As their prospects for employment declined, African American men became increasingly alienated from the labor market and the family. Although the labor force participation rate has declined for all men, it has declined much more steeply for Black men so that Blacks have become the first racial or ethnic group for which the male labor force participation rate is below that of the women. As Black men’s fortunes in the labor market declined, so too did their prospects for marriage and childrearing. Steady employment remains men’s key to marriage and child-rearing and increasingly poor women have decided it was better to have children outside of marriage with the man’s only participation as the subject of child support claims which could also result in imprisonment for non-payment. Although these deleterious transitions have had an impact across the working class, their impact has been particularly hard on African American men because of their high reliance on manufacturing jobs, their greater disadvantages in education and their much harsher treatment under our criminal justice system. In this chapter I outline the current problems for African American men in the global economy of the information age.
Eugenics and the playground movement

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to scrutinize the Playground Movement through the lens of eugenics. The theoretical relationship was clear because of the dominant influence of inheritance-driven theories that stressed the role of play in developing desirable traits. Progressive Era emphasis on race betterment provided an optimal environment for the use of eugenic practices to correct flawed members of society; the emphasis on guided play satisfied this need. Playground leaders were also challenged by threats to its credibility from sequestration measures – ugly laws and discrimination. This forced them to defend play using instrumental definitions and caused them to acquiesce to segregated arrangements for the defective and diverse of society at times. Eugenic-like strategies were reflected in trying to normalize development of children through retracing the evolutionary trail of the race, altering future generations’ DNA profile, and as an attempt to repair the faults and failings of the current ge...
Extracapsular extension is associated with worse distant control and progression-free survival in patients with lymph node-positive human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract Objectives To determine the prognostic utility of pathologic extracapsular extension (ECE) in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent surgery for primary HPV-related OPSCC and received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) between 2006 and 2015. Locoregional control (LRC), distant control (DC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups with and without ECE using univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Results 75 patients were identified and ECE was demonstrated on the surgical pathology of 26 patients. ECE(+) patients more frequently received chemotherapy (76.9% vs. 32.7%; p 66 Gy (76.9% vs. 16.3%; p Conclusion This study suggests that ECE is independently prognostic of worse DC and PFS in patients who undergo surgery prior to adjuvant RT for primary HPV-related OPSCC.
An operationalized model for defining computational thinking

The Computational Thinking (CT) conceptual framework is entering its second decade of research yet still lacks a cohesive definition by which the field can coalesce. The lack of clear definition makes assessment tool challenging to formulate, pedagogical efforts difficult to compare, and research difficult to synthesize. This paper looks to operationalize differing definitions of CT enhancing the ability to teach then assess the presence of CT. Expanding upon CT definitions, industry practices and processes, and educational theory, we link existing concepts and propose a new element to model an active definition of CT as a theoretical framework to guide future research. Our model updates existing CT definition by formally including Modeling, introducing Socio-Technical processes, separating Information Gathering from Data Collection and adding emphasis to Testing as a vital CT concept. We feel these elements and interconnections make CT is easier to describe and measure.