cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of multi-organ lymphangiectasia resulting from temporal deletion of calcitonin receptor-like receptor in adult mice.

Adrenomedullin (AM) and its receptor complexes, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl) and receptor activity modifying protein 2/3, are highly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and are required for embryonic lymphatic development. To determine the role of Calcrl in adulthood, we used an inducible Cre-loxP system to temporally and ubiquitously delete Calcrl in adult mice. Following tamoxifen injection, Calcrlfl/fl/CAGGCre-ER™ mice rapidly developed corneal edema and inflammation that was preceded by and persistently associated with dilated corneoscleral lymphatics. Lacteals and submucosal lymphatic capillaries of the intestine were also dilated, while mesenteric collecting lymphatics failed to properly transport chyle after an acute Western Diet, culminating in chronic failure of Calcrlfl/fl/CAGGCre-ER™ mice to gain weight. Dermal lymphatic capillaries were also dilated and chronic edema challenge confirmed significant and prolonged dermal lymphatic insufficiency. In vivo and in vitro imaging of lymphatics with either genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of AM signaling revealed markedly disorganized lymphatic junctional proteins ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. The maintenance of AM signaling during adulthood is required for preserving normal lymphatic permeability and function. Collectively, these studies reveal a spectrum of lymphatic defects in adult Calcrlfl/fl/CAGGCre-ER™ mice that closely recapitulate the clinical symptoms of patients with corneal, intestinal and peripheral lymphangiectasia.
Interactions of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Nuclear Egress Complex: ORF69 Is a Potent Factor for Remodeling Cellular Membranes

All herpesviruses encode a complex of two proteins, referred to as the nuclear egress complex (NEC), which together facilitate the exit of assembled capsids from the nucleus. Previously, we showed that the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) NEC specified by the ORF67 and ORF69 genes when expressed in insect cells using baculoviruses for protein expression forms a complex at the nuclear membrane and remodels these membranes to generate nuclear membrane-derived vesicles. In this study, we have analyzed the functional domains of the KSHV NEC proteins and their interactions. Site-directed mutagenesis of gammaherpesvirus conserved residues revealed functional domains of these two proteins, which in many cases abolish the formation of the NEC and remodeling of nuclear membranes. Small in-frame deletions within ORF67 in all cases result in loss of the ability of the mutant protein to induce cellular membrane proliferation as well as to interact with ORF69. Truncation of the C terminus of ORF67 that resides in the perinuclear space does not impair the functions of ORF67; however, deletion of the transmembrane domain of ORF67 produces a protein that cannot induce membrane proliferation but can still interact with ORF69 in the nucleus and can be tethered to the nuclear membrane by virtue of its interaction with the wild-type-membrane-anchored ORF67. In-frame deletions in ORF69 have varied effects on NEC formation, but all abolish remodeling of nuclear membranes into circular structures. One mutant interacts with ORF67 as well as the wild-type protein but cannot function in membrane curvature and fission events that generate circular vesicles. These studies genetically confirm that ORF67 is required for cellular membrane proliferation and that ORF69 is the factor required to remodel these duplicated membranes into circular-virion-size vesicles. Furthermore, we also investigated the NEC encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The EBV complex comprised of BFRF1 and BFLF2 was visualized at the nuclear membrane using autofluorescent protein fusions. BFRF1 is a potent inducer of membrane proliferation; however, BFLF2 cannot remodel these membranes into circular structures. What was evident is the superior remodeling activity of ORF69, which could convert the host membrane proliferations induced by BFRF1 into circular structures.
Formylation of guinea pig liver methionyl-sRNA

It has been possible to separate two methionyl-sRNA's from guinea pig liver. Only one species is readily formylated with N5,10_14C-methenyl-H4-folate using a Spartially purified transformylase preparation from Escherichia coli. The product has been identified as N-formyl-methionyl-sRNA.
Toward Inflation Targeting in Sri Lanka

This paper develops a practical model-based forecasting and policy analysis system (FPAS) to support a transition to an inflation forecast targeting regime in Sri Lanka. The FPAS model provides a relatively good forecast for inflation and a framework to evaluate policy trade-offs. The model simulations suggest that an open-economy inflation targeting rule can reduce macroeconomic volatility and anchor inflationary expectations given the size and type of shocks faced by the economy. Sri Lanka could aim to target a broad inflation range initially due to its susceptibility supply-side shocks while enhancing exchange rate flexibility and strengthening the effectiveness of monetary policy in the transition to an inflation forecast targeting regime.
Activated GTPase Movement on SRP RNA Drives Cotranslational Protein Targeting

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and its receptor (SR) are co-translational protein targeting machineries responsible for delivering ribosome-nascent chain-complexes (RNCs) from cytosol to cellular membranes. Loaded with its cargo (RNC), SRP forms a complex with SR and bring the RNC to the membrane. Extensive rearrangements in this complex activate GTP hydrolysis and unload the RNC onto the translocon. During this process, the SRP RNA plays an essential role in accelerating both SRP-SR complex formation and GTP hydrolysis step. Here we show that the SRP RNA is a bi-functional molecule with its two ends, the tetraloop end and the distal end, stimulating different stages of SRP-SR interaction. using single molecule techniques to direct visualize the global relocalization along the SRP RNA, we demonstrate that the SRP-SR GTPase complex travels over 100A in the targeting reaction, from the RNA's tetraloop end during initial complex assembly to the distal end during GTPase activation. Moreover, this rearrangement is tightly regulated by the RNC and the translocon. The large-scale movement of the GTPase complex provides an attractive mechanism for coupling GTPase activation to the transfer of RNC from SRP to translocon, thereby ensuring productive protein targeting.
The Possibility of Misdiagnosis of Giftedness and ADHD Still Exists: A Response to Mika.

In a previous article, we provided a review of the literature pertaining to the potential misdilagnosis of giftedness as ADHD, as well as a small‐scale study to illustrate this potential misdiagnos...
Enhancing time-suspension sequences for the measurement of weak perturbations.

Abstract We detail key features for implementation of time-suspension multiple-pulse line-narrowing sequences. This sequence class is designed to null the average Hamiltonian ( H ¯ ( 0 ) ) over the period of the multiple-pulse cycle, typically to provide for high-resolution isolation of evolution from a switched interaction, such as field gradients for imaging or small sample perturbations. Sequence designs to further ensure null contributions from correction terms ( H ¯ ( 1 ) and H ¯ ( 2 ) ) of the Magnus expansion are also well known, as are a variety of approaches to second averaging, the process by which diagonal content is incorporated in H ¯ ( 0 ) to truncate unwanted terms. In spite of such designs, we observed spin evolution not explicable by H ¯ ( 0 ) using 16-, 24- and 48-pulse time-suspension sequences. We found three approaches to effectively remove artifacts that included splitting of the lineshape into unexpected multiplets as well as chirped evolution. The noted approaches are simultaneously compatible for combination of their benefits. The first ensures constant power deposition from RF excitation as the evolution period is incremented. This removes chirping and allows more effective 2nd averaging. Two schemes for the latter are evaluated: the noted introduction of a diagonal term in H ¯ ( 0 ) , and phase-stepping the line-narrowing sequence on successive instances during the evolution period. Either of these was sufficient to remove artifactual splittings and to further enhance resolution, while in combination enhancements were maintained. Finally, numerical simulations provide evidence that our experimental line-narrowing results with 75As in crystalline GaAs approach performance limits of idealized sequences (e.g., with ideal square pulses, etc.). The three noted experimental techniques should likewise benefit ultimate implementation with switched interactions and corresponding new error contributions, which place further demand on sequence performance.
Exchange Rate Changes and Pricing Behavior of US Exporters

This paper studies export pricing behavior following exchange rate changes in US manufacturing industries. Through a monopolistic model, the paper predicts that export prices should change, but less than proportionally, in response to exchange rate changes if either or both demand elasticity and marginal cost are variable. Cross-industry variation of such price changes can be explained by the difference in demand elasticities between the domestic and the export markets, the elasticity of marginal cost with respect to output. and the export share. These predictions are supported by the empirical findings of the paper.
Phospholipid studies of marine organisms: 26. Interactions of some marine sterols with 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) in model membranes☆

Abstract The thermotropic behavior of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) composed of different mole fractions of various marine sterols and 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and was compared to pure SOPC as well as their mixtures with cholesterol. The marine sterols investigated were capable of interacting with the phospholipid bilayers. Upon addition of marine sterols, the apparent transition temperature (Tm) of SOPC decreased significantly. Desmosterol (cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol) had the least interaction with SOPC, as reflected by the larger ΔH values of its mixtures with the phospholipid. Fucosterol (24-ethylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol) showed a non-linear trend as the mole percent of the sterol increased. Mixtures of sutinasterol (24R-24-ethyl-26,26-dimethylcholesta-7,25(27)-dien-3β-ol) with SOPC had similar enthalpy values to cholesterol. The shape of the SOPC/marine sterol endotherm and their ΔH values were not identical when liposomes prepared by dialysis were compared to MLV.
Laboratory Observations on the Vesper Rat

The growth, development and general behavior of Nyctomys sumichrasti were observed during a 13-month period. Adults are primarily nocturnal. In the laboratory, family units or individuals raised together reside with each other; strangers to the group are not tolerated. Mating behavior, copulation and care of the young are described. The gestation period is approximately 30 days. Litter size averages two. The young reach adult size in approximately 6 weeks. Rate of development is rapid. The young crawl slowly at 2 days of age, and well at 5 days. When the eyes open at 15 to 18 days, coordination approximates that of the adults.
“Fast” diffusion in alloys☆

Abstract It is now recognized that the transport of noble metal and late transition metal impurities in metallic hosts with relatively large atomic volumes is affected predominantly by an interstitial mechanism. This means that the transport is very rapid at relatively low temperatures and that, contrary to the widely accepted empirical rules of metal dissolution behavior, a substantial proportion of these impurities occupy interstitial positions in the alloys. This behavior and its implications for alloy theory will be surveyed.
Infertility and Testis Cancer

Testicular cancer is the most common solid organ tumor in young men and affects men during their reproductive years. Current therapeutic regimens have significantly improved survival but often adversely impact fertility. Understanding the effects of testicular cancer, the systemic effects of neoplasia, and the effects of treatment protocols, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, is essential to restoring and maintaining fertility in men who have germ cell neoplasms.
Building a Footbridge From Research to Practice in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

As Rippe, Angelopoulos, and Zukley noted in their State-of-the-Art Review, empirically supported lifestyle modification strategies offer numerous advantages over other modalities for reducing cardiovascular risks. Yet, despite compelling evidence for their implementation, the translation of lifestyle interventions from research to practice has been challenging. Their review prompts discussion of several especially thorny barriers including the persistent tensions between (1) research and practice, (2) main effects and mediators, (3) single and multifactor approaches to risk management, and (4) primary care and communitybased systems of health delivery.
Connections of the corticomedial amygdala in the golden hamster. I. Efferents of the "vomeronasal amygdala".

The medial (M) and posteromedial cortical (C3) amygdaloid nuclei and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract (NAOT) are disignated the “vomeronasal amygdala” because they are the only components of the amygdala to receive a direct projection from the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The efferents of M and C3 were traced after injections of 3H-proline into the amygdala in male golden hamsters. Frozen sections of the brains were processed for autoradiography. The efferents of the “vomeronasal amygdala” are largely to areas which are primary and secondary terminal areas along the vomeronasal pathway, although the efferents from C3 and M terminate in different layers in these areas than do the projections from the vomeronasal nerve or the AOB. Specifically, C3 projects ipsilaterally to the internal granule cell layer of the AOB, the cellular layer of NAOT, and layer lb of M. Additional fibers from C3 terminate in a retrocommissural component of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) bilaterally, and in the cellular layers of the contralateral C3. The medial nucleus projects to the cellular layer of the ipsilateral NAOT, layer lb of C3, and bilaterally to the medial component of BNST. Projections from M to non-vomeronasal areas terminate in the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamic junction, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventral premammillary nucleus and possibly in the ventral subiculum. These results demonstrate reciprocal connections between primary and secondary vomeronasal areas and between the secondary areas themselves. They suggest that M, but not C3, projects to areas outside this vomeronasal network. The medial amygdaloid nucleus is therefore an important link between the vomeronasal organ and areas of the brain not receiving direct vomeronasal input.
Steady groundwater flow through many cylindrical inhomogeneities in a multi-aquifer system

A new approach is presented for the simulation of steady-state groundwater flow in multi-aquifer systems that contain many cylindrical inhomogeneities. The hydraulic conductivity of all aquifers and the resistance of all leaky layers may be different inside each cylinder. The approach is based on separation of variables and combines principles of the theory for multi-aquifer flow with principles of the analytic element method. The solution fulfills the governing differential equations exactly everywhere; the head, flow, and leakage between aquifers may be computed analytically at any point in the aquifer system. The boundary conditions along the circumference of the cylinder are satisfied approximately, but may be met at any precision. Two examples are discussed to illustrate the accuracy of the approach and the significance of inhomogeneities in multi-aquifer systems. The first application simulates the vertical and horizontal, advective spreading of a conservative tracer in a homogeneous aquifer that is overlain by an aquifer with cylindrical inclusions of higher permeability. The second application concerns the three-dimensional shape of the capture zone of a well that is screened in the bottom aquifer of a three-aquifer system. The capture zone extends to the top aquifer due to cylindrical holes of lower resistance in the separating clay layers.
Ovotoxicity in female Fischer rats and B6 mice induced by low-dose exposure to three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: comparison through calculation of an ovotoxic index.

Extensive destruction of primordial follicles by exposure to ovarian toxicants can cause early menopause in women. Primordial follicle destruction is known to result from dosing of mice and rats with three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contaminants commonly found in cigarette smoke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare relative ovotoxicity in mice and rats using the PAHs, 9, 10-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Female B6C3F(1) mice and Fischer 344 rats (age 28 days) were dosed daily (ip) with vehicle control or a range of doses of the PAHs. Two groups were dosed with the occupational chemicals 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH; 500 mg/kg ip) or its diepoxide metabolite (VCD; 80 mg/kg ip), other known ovotoxicants. After 15 days, ovaries were collected, histologically prepared, and follicles were microscopically classified (primordial, primary, or secondary) and counted. The dose of each chemical that produced 50% loss of primordial follicles (p 3.4; BaP, >3.6; VCD, 8.6; VCH, >69). In mice, DMBA targeted primordial follicles at a 10-fold lower concentration than primary and secondary follicles, whereas 3-MC exposure targeted primordial and primary follicles to a similar degree. BaP exposure targeted primordial and primary follicles at a 100-fold higher concentration than DMBA or 3-MC. Although BaP and 3-MC did not target secondary follicles in mice, secondary follicles in rats were most susceptible to 3-MC. Furthermore, all three PAHs were more ovotoxic (lower OI) with repeated low-dose exposure compared with OIs calculated from other studies using single high-dose exposures. The earliest day of impending primordial follicle loss (increase in percentage of unhealthy follicles, p < 0.05) in mice was factored into the OI (ED50 x first day of damage, p < 0.05 x % healthy follicles remaining, relative to control). The revised OI became DMBA d15, 0.0006; 3-MC d12, 0.0008; BaP d15, 0.132; and VCD d8, 2.96. These results predict that DMBA is the most potent ovarian toxicant (lower OI) in both species but VCD damages primordial follicles after shorter exposures. Calculation of the OI in mice and rats represents a method for comparing the relative potential risk of a variety of chemicals that produce ovarian damage at low levels following repeated exposures. The results also demonstrate that low-dose repeated exposures are substantially more toxic to the ovary than a single high-dose exposure. This finding is particularly important in view of the implications for chronic low-dose exposures of women to environmental chemicals.
The Demand for (Differentiated) Information

A framework for distinguishing between the quantity of information and its quality or type is presented in which information is an indivisible differentiated commodity for which satiation occurs at one unit. Uncountably many types of information are possible which can be costlessly combined by agents. Similarity of information is expressed by a metric which reflects substitution possibilities among different information structures. In the model, traders desire information only because it helps them to maximize state dependent utilities under uncertainty. Then the individual demand for information is well defined, but possibly nonconvex valued because of the indivisibilities.
SiGe: Promise into reality?

Abstract IBM and Analog Devices are in the midst of proving the sceptics wrong about silicon-germanium (SiGe). Critics said it couldn't be done but here we are on the eve of commercial devices which promise to transform silicon bipolars and threaten a whole range of devices which seemed to be the preserve of GaAs. Here Jo Ann talks about how heterojunctions at last came to Si and devices with a GaAs veteran who has “gone over to the other side”, Charles Fadel of Analog Devices.
The management of spermatic cord sarcoma.

Background Between April 1963 and July 1991, 18 patients were treated for spermatic cord sarcoma. The histologic subtype distribution was: 7 leiomyosarcoma, 7 liposarcoma, 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 mesothelioma. Methods All patients underwent surgical resection: 16 radical orchiectomy and local excision. Nine were treated with orchiectomy alone, and 9 received adjuvant radiation. The radiation fields encompassed the ipsilateral iliac and inguinal lymph nodes, vas deferens, and hemiscrotum in 7 patients, and iliac and inguinal lymph nodes in 2 patients. Results The actuarial 5 and 8-year disease free survivals for the 18 patients were 77% and 58%, with an overall survival of 78% and 70%, respectively. The 5 and 8-year locoregional control rates were 82% and 61%. Five of 9 patients treated with surgery alone developed locoregional recurrence while none of the nine who had adjuvant radiation relapsed. The median follow-up for the irradiated group, however, was shorter (123 vs 63 months) and staging studies more complete. These potential biases are discussed. Conclusion In this series, relapse was common after orchiectomy alone. Adjuvant radiation therapy may reduce the incidence of locoregional failure.
Confirmation and Christian Fellowship: Martin Bucer on Commitment to the Church

During the last years of his ministry in Strasbourg, the Protestant reformer Martin Bucer and his fellow pastors introduced a new procedure for the exercise of church discipline, the voluntary enrollment of their parishioners in “Christian fellowships.” The parish structures created in Strasbourg have been regarded as forerunners of Pietist conventicles ever since the late seventeenth century, when Philip Jakob Spener justified his own Pietist assemblies by publishing a memorandum in which Bucer had defended the “Christian fellowships.” In the twentieth century, Gustav Anrich brought the attempt to establish “Christian fellowships” to the attention of scholars in his publication of an abridged version of Bucer's initial proposal. Anrich's student, Werner Bellardi, wrote the standard study of the movement's origin, development, and eventual disappearance on the basis of documents preserved in the Strasbourg archives. In their discussions of the movement, both Anrich and Bellardi were led astray by their assumption that Bucer originally intended to form conventicles of believers within the city's official church. In fact, those enrolled in “Christian fellowships” did not begin meeting together until the autumn of 1547, almost a year after Bucer first proposed the enrollment procedure.
Invariant body kinematics. I: saccadic and compensatory eye movements

Abstract A new invariant formulation of 3D eye-head kinematics improves on the computational advantages of quaternions. This includes a new formulation of Listing's Law parametrized by gaze direction leading to an additive, rather than a multiplicative, saccadic error correction with a gaze vector difference control variable. A completely general formulation of compensatory kinematics characterizes arbitrary rotational and translational motions, vergence computation, and smooth pursuit. The result is an invariant, quantitative formulation of the computational tasks that must be performed by the oculomotor system for accurate 3D gaze control. Some implications for neural network modeling are discussed.
In the Beginning There Was Death: Spiritual Desolation and the Search for Self in Jamaica Kincaid's "Autobiography of My Mother"

Jamaica Kincaid's novels have invited considerable commentary on the mother-daughter relationships of her fictional heroines. While the undercurrent critique of white domination in Annie John (1978) and the inimical vision of British imperialism in Lucy (1990) have gone unacknowledged by many scholars, the unrelenting harshness of The Autobiography of My Mother (1996) does not allow for such critical neglect.' For Kincaid's fictional female trilogy-Annie, Lucy and Xuela-"alienation from the mother becomes a metaphor for . .. alienation from an island culture that has been completely dominated by the imperialist power of England."2 With its focus on Christianity's place in the lives of those dispossessed by western exploitation, The Autobiography of My Mother is more explicit in its indictment of imperialism. Through the enigmatic existential protagonist, Xuela, Kincaid traces the resultant spiritual wasteland that is the legacy for this post-Colonial victim who rejects the master's God, but whose disconnectedness with her ancestral past
An Evaluation of Differential Methylation of Ribonucleic Acid in Cystic Fibrosis

Extract: No differences were found in the methylation of total nucleic acids, total RNA, DNA, tRNA, or rRNA from lymphocytes or fibroblasts obtained from normal subjects, obligate heterozygotes, or individuals with cystic fibrosis. Similar results were obtained using four methods for isolation of the nucleic acids. Speculation: The reasons for the failure of two laboratories to discern the reported variations in methylation of RNA in the normal, carrier, or cystic fibrosis state may be obscure differences in culture conditions or conditions of extraction.
Emergency Triage of Collapsed Endurance Athletes: A Stepwise Approach to On-Site Treatment

Physicians providing medical coverage at endurance events know that athletes often collapse during the race or shortly after crossing the finish line. An athlete who collapses during a race may have an ominous condition, such as a cardiac or neurologic event. The most common reason that athletes collapse at or shortly after the finish line is exercise-associated collapse, a benign postural hypotensive episode that resolves with rest, oral fluids, and elevation of the lower extremities. Volunteer clinicians at races must be able to quickly determine the cause of collapse and take appropriate steps to ensure that athletes receive proper initial care.
On differential phase contrast with an extended illumination source

Images of periodic phase objects are calculated for oblique illumination, the scanning method of Dekkers and de Lang, and differential interference contrast. The close relation between the scanning method and oblique illumination is shown. All the methods are capable of resolving grating periods larger than λ/2a, where a is the numerical aperture of both the objective and the condenser lenses. Differential interference gives higher contrast for object periods below λ/a; contrast is slightly higher above λ/a with oblique illumination.
Longitudinal polysomnographic findings in infantile Pompe disease

Infantile Pompe disease is a rare, metabolic disorder due to deficiency of the enzyme acid α-glucosidase that degrades lysosomal glycogen. The deficiency leads to multisystem dysfunction. Neuromuscular weakness due to metabolic myopathy is present, which predisposes children to sleep-disordered breathing. With the advent of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), children are living longer, and there is a new natural history that is emerging. In a prior paper on our cohort of infantile Pompe disease patients, we reported a high incidence of both hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this retrospective study, we analyzed longitudinal nocturnal polysomnography results from 10 patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease, all of which were on enzyme replacement therapy for a mean of 34.9 months at the time of follow-up study. Patients demonstrated relative stability in sleep disordered breathing, with a trend towards improvement in both OSA and central sleep apnea. ERT may help in the treatment of sleep apnea in this cohort. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation damping in the context of one-dimensional wave propagation: A teaching perspective

Abstract This paper has two objectives: to connect directly radiation damping and 1D elastic wave propagation, and to create a simple teaching tool to introduce the subject to students and engineers trained in Structural Dynamics. The first objective is achieved by obtaining the equivalent radiation modal damping using time domain solutions for the fundamental mode in shear of an elastic layer (soil) on flexible rock, for the case in which the rock–soil Impedance Ratio in shear, I =( ρ r V r )/( ρ s V s )>1, where ρ =mass density and V =shear wave velocity. These time domain solutions are developed for the case of steady-state input sinusoidal shear waves propagating vertically in the rock as well as for horizontal free vibration of the layer. Both derivations result in the same approximate expression for the modal radiation damping in the first mode, ζ r 1 ≈2/(π I ), which is in turn identical to the approximate equation obtained by Roesset and Whitman [11] using a frequency domain approach. This expression for ζ r 1 is linked to the fact that, during free vibration, the ratio between two successive positive displacement peaks u s o and u s 1 at the ground surface is u s 0 / u s 1 =[(1+ I )/(1− I )] 2 , associated with two wave reflections at the soil–rock interface. From this ratio, and after applying the standard expression to obtain modal damping from damped free vibration, the same expression for ζ r 1 is reached again, ζ r 1 ≈[1/(2π)] ln( u s 0 / u s 1 )≈[1/(2π)] ln[(1+ I )/(1− I )] 2 ≈2/(π I ). This finding allows development of the simple teaching tool proposed at the end of the paper. While only a crude approximation lacking in rigor, this teaching tool is physically intuitive, links directly wave propagation and modal damping in a simple way and gives the correct result.
Intramolecular photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions. Regiochemistry of the photocyclizations of some oxygen-substituted 6-allylcyclohexenones.

Abstract The regioselectivity of the intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of certain 6-allylcyclohexenones appears to be largely independent of the substituent (H,OR) on the dital terminus of the isolated double bond.
Perforin pathway is essential for protection of mice against lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge but not corneal scarring

Abstract Perforin (cytolysin; pore-forming protein) is expressed in both CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, and is a major factor responsible for the cytolytic activities of these cells. Both CD8 + T-cells and NK cells are important in eliminating cells infected with certain viruses. We examined the role of perforin in a mouse model of HSV-1 infection using perforin-deficient mice. Naive perforin knockout (perforin 0/0 ) mice were more susceptible to lethal HSV-1 ocular challenge (60% survival), than naive parental C57BL/6 (100% survival). In contrast, both C57BL/6 and perforin 0/0 mice had similar levels of HSV-1 induced corneal scarring. Vaccination of perforin 0/0 mice induced a significantly higher HSV-1 neutralizing antibody titer than vaccination of C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were completely protected against lethal ocular challenge. These results suggest that in naive mice ocularly challenged with HSV-1, the perforin pathway was involved in protection against death, but not in protection against corneal scarring.
Oxidation of cyanide to the cyanyl radical by peroxidase/H2O2 systems as determined by spin trapping.

Abstract The cyanyl radical was formed during the oxidation of potassium or sodium cyanide by horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, chloroperoxidase, NADH peroxidase, or methemoglobin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The spin adducts of the cyanyl radical with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline- N -oxide and N-tert -butyl-α-phenylnitrone were quite stable at neutral pH. The identity of these spin adducts could be demonstrated using 13 C-labeled cyanide and by comparison with the spin adducts of the formamide radical, a hydrolysis product of the cyanyl radical adduct. The enzymatic conversion of cyanide to cyanyl radical by peroxidases should be considered in addition to its well-known role as a metal ligand. Furthermore, since cyanide is used routinely as an inhibitor of peroxidases, some consideration should be given to the biochemical consequences of this formation of the cyanyl radical by the catalytic activity of these enzymes.
Physical properties of human lips: Experimental and theoretical analysis

Abstract The lip stiffness characteristics in the vertical plane of a white population sample, aged 18–26, were studied. The physical properties of the lip system were analyzed and a mathematical model was derived to approximate this sytem. The instrumentation consisted of a force-transducer bar, a head holder and a three-directional micrometer adjustment. Four specific contact areas were used. Individual lower lip is stiffer than upper lip and the corresponding male lip is stiffer than the female lip. The force-displacement relationship approximates a linear function at small displacements (less than 1 mm) and is a second order function at larger displacements. A mechanical T-spring model approximates the system to an accuracy of about 96%.
Persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in the European ferret (Mustela putorius): clinical and histological aspects.

Objective To describe the clinical and histological appearance of persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in a colony of ferrets. Design Prospective study. Animals studied Eighty-six European ferrets (Mustela putorius). Procedure Both eyes of 76 genetically related progeny and 10 breeding, adult, colony-raised ferrets were studied using a slit lamp biomicroscope and an indirect ophthalmoscope. Ferret progeny were examined after eyelid opening at 5–6 weeks of age, and at 12 months of age. After euthanasia, globes were enucleated and examined histologically. Results Persistent fetal intraocular vasculature was evident in 21 progeny ferrets at 5–6 weeks of age and in three mature progenitor ferrets. Clinical appearance of diminutive vasculature was characterized by focal remnants of the posterior tunica vasculosa lentis, muscae volitantes, and an occluded hyaloid artery extending from the optic papilla and terminating in the anterior vitreous body. Extensive persistent vasculature was characterized by a perfused hyaloid artery, vasa hyaloidea propria and posterior tunica vasculosa lentis, posterior cortical and capsular cataract, and proliferation of fibrovascular tissue along the posterior lens capsule. Fetal vasculature persisted in 7 of 21 progeny ferrets at one year of age and in three progenitor ferrets. Results of histologic examination showed persistence of the hyaloid vasculature, proliferation of retrolental fibrovascular tissue with osseous metaplasia, posterior capsular and cortical cataract, and occasional retinal detachment. Conclusions Persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in ferrets appears similar clinically and histologically to persistent fetal intraocular vasculature reported in humans and dogs. The ferret may be a suitable animal model for vasculogenic mechanisms of persistent fetal intraocular vasculature and for evaluating vasoinhibitory growth factors and angiostatic test compounds.
Dimensionality of self-perception: Tennessee self-concept Scale.

The Tennessee Self-concept Scale was administered to 125 college freshmen. Both scale- and item-level correlation matrices were generated and factored to examine further the construct validity of t...
Pluto's atmosphere near perihelion

A recent stellar occultation has confirmed predictions that Pluto has an atmosphere which is sufficiently thick to uniformly envelope the planet and to extend far above the surface. Pluto's atmosphere consists of methane and perhaps other volatile gases at temperatures below their freezing points; it should regulate the surface temperature of its volatile ices to a globally uniform value. As Pluto approaches and passes through perihelion, a seasonal maximum in the atmospheric bulk and a corresponding minimum in the exposed volatile ice abundance is expected to occur. The lag in maximum atmospheric bulk relative to perihelion will be diagnostic of the surface thermal properties. An estimate of Pluto's atmospheric bulk may result if a global darkening (resulting from the disappearance of the seasonally deposited frosts) occurs before the time of maximum atmospheric bulk. The ice deposited shortly after perihelion may be diagnostic of the composition of Pluto's volatile reservoir.
The emotional self in adult learning

In this chapter, the authors reflect on the ways in which the preceding chapters contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of emotions in adult learning.
A transilient matrix for moist convection

A method is introduced for diagnosing a transilient matrix for moist convection. This transilient matrix quantifies the nonlocal transport of air by convective eddies: for every height z, it gives the distribution of starting heightsz9fortheeddiesthatarriveatz.Inacloud-resolvingsimulationofdeepconvection,thetransilient matrix shows that two-thirds of the subcloud air convecting into the free troposphere originates from within 100 m of the surface. This finding clarifies which initial height to use when calculating convective available potential energy from soundings of the tropical troposphere.
A comparison of PET detector modules employing rectangular and round photomultiplier tubes

We have compared the high resolution BGO detector blocks from the EXACT HR PET system which use two dual-cathode rectangular photomultiplier (PM) tubes with a new block design, the EXACT HR PLUS, which uses four round PM tubes. Despite the lower coupling area between photocathode and scintillator, the HR PLUS block compares favorably with the HR block. The energy resolution averages 20% for the HR PLUS block and 23% for the HR block, with efficiency variations of 17% in both blocks. Additional measurements were carried out on the HR PLUS block to characterize depth of interaction effects and cross-talk between elements. Coincidence line spread function measurements had a FWHM of 3.0 mm in the axial direction and 2.9 mm in the transaxial direction. In light of these results, limitations of the BGO block design are discussed and some solutions proposed. >
Three-dimensional biorthogonal multiresolution time-domain method and its application to electromagnetic scattering problems

A three-dimensional (3-D) multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) analysis is presented based on a biorthogonal-wavelet expansion, with application to electromagnetic-scattering problems. We employ the Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (CDF) biorthogonal wavelet basis, characterized by the maximum number of vanishing moments for a given support. We utilize wavelets and scaling functions of compact support, yielding update equations involving a small number of proximate field components. A detailed analysis is presented on algorithm implementation, with example numerical results compared to data computed via the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is demonstrated that for 3-D scattering problems the CDF-based MRTD often provides significant computational savings (in computer memory and run time) relative to FDTD, while retaining numerical accuracy.
Response of base‐isolated buildings to random excitations described by the Clough‐Penzien spectral model

Etude de la reponse stationnaire, en analysant la variation en fonction de la frequence effective du deplacement relatif quadratique moyen base/fondation et du rapport entre les valeurs quadratiques moyennes de l'acceleration absolue au niveau du toit, avec et sans isolation; conclusion sur l'importance de l'effet d'absorption/dissipation d'energie du systeme a base isolee, plutot que sur l'effet de deplacement de la frequence fondamentale
Passage of radioactive substances from CSF to hypophysial portal blood.

Corticosterone-4-14C, Na131I, ovine LH-KI1I, rat prolactin-131I, or bovine hemoglobin- 131I was injected into the third ventricle of rats. In 30 min, significant quantities of corticosterone- 4-14C, Na131I, and LH-131I were recovered in the pituitary stalk blood of the recipient animals. At the same time, little radioactivity was present in arterial blood. The radioactivity recovered in stalk blood after ovine LH-131I was injected into the third ventricle was associated with a substance which reacted with an antiserum to ovine LH, indicating that LH per se passed from CSF to stalk blood. These data show that certain compounds in the CSF of the third ventricle can pass through the median eminence and enter hypophysial blood. (Endocrinology 91: 1239, 1972)
Regulatory volume decrease in alveolar macrophages: cation loss is not correlated with changes in membrane recycling

Alveolar macrophages regain their normal volume after swelling in hypo-osmotic solutions. This process, termed regulatory volume decrease (RVD), is initiated 3-5 minutes after exposure of cells to hypo-osmotic solutions, and by 30 min, near-normal volumes are attained. Volume decrease does not occur at 0 degrees C or in solutions in which Na+ has been replaced by K+, or Cl- by the impermeant anion gluconate. These results, as well as direct measurement of intracellular cations, indicate that decreases in cell volume result primarily from the loss of K+ and Cl- and are similar to RVD in lymphocytes. Kinetic analysis of cation loss, both by directly measuring changes in intracellular cation content and by assaying rubidium efflux, showed that cation loss occurred immediately upon media dilution. The rate of cation loss fit first-order kinetics and preceded both the initiation of volume decrease and the maximum increase in surface receptor number. These results suggest that the cation transporters responsible for RVD are located at the cell surface and that regulation of activity is not dependent on alterations in membrane movement.
Team Formation in Social Networks

It is now recognized that the performance of an individual in a group depends not only on her own skills but also on her relationship with other members of the group. It may be possible to exploit such synergies by explicitly taking into account social network topology. We analyze team-formation in the context of a large organization that wants to form multiple teams composed of its members. Such organizations could range from intelligence services with many analysts to consulting companies with many consultants, all having different expertise. The organization must divide its members into teams, with each team having a specified list of interrelated tasks to complete, each of which is associated with a different reward. We characterize the skill level of a member for a particular task type by her probability of successfully completing that task. Members who are connected to each other in the social network provide a positive externality: they can help each other out on related tasks, boosting success probabilities. We propose a greedy approximation for the problem of allocating interrelated tasks to teams of members while taking social network structure into account. We demonstrate that the approximation is close to optimal on problems where the optimal allocation can be explicitly computed, and that it provides significant benefits over the optimal allocation that does not take the network structure into account in large networks. We also discuss the types of networks for which the social structure provides the greatest boost to overall performance.
An oligonucleotide based array-CGH system for detection of genome wide copy number changes including subtelomeric regions for genetic evaluation of mental retardation.

Developmental delay (DD) and mental retardation (MR) are important child heath issues with a one percent prevalence. Karyotyping with or without subtelomeric FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), unless the phenotype of the patient suggests a specific aberration for a specific FISH assay, is the most common procedure in cytogenetic evaluation of MR/ DD. In addition, there are several platforms utilizing microarray based comparative genomic hybridization technology (array-CGH) for genetic testing. Array-CGH can detect deletions or duplications in very small segments of chromosomes and the use of this technology is expected to increase the diagnostic yield. The major limitation of the current BAC based array technologies is the low resolution (� 1 Mb) of the chip and suboptimal coverage particularly in the subtelomeric regions. Our aim was to design a novel array-CGH chip with high-density of probes in the subtelomeric regions as well as to maintain sufficient density in other regions of the genome to provide comprehensive coverage for DD/MR. For this purpose, we used Human Genome CGH Microarray 44B chip (Agilent) as the template for the novel design. Using e-array 4.0 (Agilent), one third of the probes were randomly removed from the array and replaced by 14,000 subtelomeric probes. The average density of the probe coverage is 125 kb and 250–400 probes interrogate subtelomeric regions. To evaluate the array, we tested 15 samples (including subtelomeric aberrations and other microdeletion syndromes), which were previously analyzed by karyotyping and/or FISH. The concordance rate between array results and previous results is 100%. In addition we detected two novel aberrations that were not detected by karyotyping. These results demonstrate the utility of this format of array-CGH in detecting genome wide submicroscopic copy number changes as well as providing comprehensive coverage of all subteleomeric regions. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical investigation of multiple bound States in photonic crystal double heterostructure resonant cavities

Multiple bound states in photonic crystal double heterostructure resonant cavities are analyzed using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Quality factors and mode profiles are presented. A method for mode discrimination is discussed.
PRISM: Zooming in persistent RAM storage behavior

It has been foreseen that some of the roles assumed by conventional rotating hard disk drives (HDDs) will migrate to solid-state drives (SSDs) and emerging persistent RAM storages. New persistent RAM storages have critical advantages over HDDs and even SSDs in terms of performance and power. Persistent RAM technologies are flexible enough to be used for both storage and main memory — in future platforms, this flexibility will allow tighter integration of a system's memory and storage hierarchy. On the other hand, designers are faced with new technical issues to address to fully exploit the benefits of persistent RAM technologies and hide their downsides. In this paper, we introduce PRISM (PeRsIstent RAM Storage Monitor) — our novel infrastructure that enables exploring various design trade-offs of persistent RAM storage. PRISM allows designers to examine a persistent RAM storage's low-level behavior and evaluate its various architectural organizations while running realistic workloads, as well as storage activities of a contemporary off-the-shelf OS. PRISM builds on kernel source code level instrumentation and the standard Linux device driver mechanism to generate persistent RAM storage traces. Moreover, PRISM includes a storage architecture simulator to faithfully model major persistent RAM storage hardware components. To illustrate how and with what PRISM can help the user, we present a case study that involves running an OLTP (on-line transaction processing) workload. PRISM successfully provides the detailed performance analysis results, while incurring acceptable overheads. Based on our experience, we believe that PRISM is a versatile tool for exploring persistent RAM storage design choices ranging from OS-level resource management policy down to chip-level storage organization.