cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Recent reports describe discontinuation-emergent adverse events upon cessation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors including dizziness, insomnia, nervousness, nausea, and agitation. We hypothesized that interruption of fluoxetine treatment would be associated with fewer discontinuation-emergent adverse events than interruption of sertraline or paroxetine treatment, based on fluoxetine’s longer half-life. Methods: In this 4-week study, 242 patients with remitted depression receiving maintenance therapy with open-label fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine for 4–24 months had their maintenance therapy interrupted with double-blind placebo substitution for 5–8 days. The Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms checklist, the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale were used to assess somatic distress and stability of antidepressant response. Results: Two hundred twenty patients (91%) completed the study. Following interruption of therapy, fluoxetine-treated patients experienced fewer discontinuation-emergent events than either sertraline-treated or paroxetine-treated patients (p < .001). The mean SQ somatic symptom scale score in fluoxetine-treated patients was significantly lower than that in sertraline-treated and paroxetine-treated patients (p < .001). Fluoxetine-treated patients also experienced less reemergence of depressive symptoms than sertraline-treated or paroxetine-treated patients (p < .001). Conclusions: Abrupt interruption of antidepressant therapy for 5–8 days was associated with the emergence of new somatic and psychological symptoms in patients treated with paroxetine and to a lesser degree sertraline, with few symptoms seen with fluoxetine.
Effect of blood pressure cuffs on neonatal circulation: their potential application to newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension.

The contribution of vasoactive pharmacologic agents to the care of the infant with primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is hampered by their limited ability to act selectively on different vascular beds. In contrast, blood pressure (BP) cuffs decrease flow and increase resistance only in the extremities around which they are applied. They therefore offer a means of increasing systemic vascular resistance without affecting pulmonary vascular resistance, a hemodynamic effect that may be particularly desirable among PPHN patients receiving vasodilators. We studied the effect of BP cuffs on the circulation of nine healthy neonates and three infants with severe PPHN. Among the healthy neonates, inflation of the cuffs to 20 mmHg had no discernible hemodynamic effect. Inflation to systolic pressures, however, caused the left ventricular preejection period to increase from 36±9 ms to 45±10 ms, the end-diastolic dimension to increase from 1.80±0.16 cm to 1.92±0.16 cm, and the cardiac output to fall to 87±12% of baseline (allp<0.05)—changes indicative of an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Application of BP cuffs to the patients with PPHN was associated with 10–25 mmHg increases in transcutaneous arterial oxygen tensions. Administration of tolazoline to these patients while the cuffs were inflated resulted in additional 10–20 mmHg increases and did not precipitate hypotension. These observations suggest that BP cuffs can play a useful role in the management of patients with PPHN.
Criminalising the Past and Reconstructing Collective Memory: The Romanian Truth Commission

Abstract This article analyses the report issued by the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania in January 2007 within the context of the politics of memory and justice in post-communist Romania. Crucial aspects of the work of the commission, such as its history and formation, mandate and make-up, methodological and conceptual framework, and the political reactions that it generated are examined. This leads to the conclusion that while the publication of the report brought some progress in revealing the truth, it is less likely to have a similar impact on transitional justice policies.
The Analytical Research on Apparent Movement Perception: Psychophysical Consideration II

Presenting two target stimuli at the proper spacing, duration, and time interval produces movement perception in human observers. The observer sees a single stimulus, moving continuously across the physically empty space, from its first location to its second. The production of the movement perception depends upon such physical variables as duration of stimuli, X1; time between stimuli, X2; intensity of stimuli, X3; and distance between stimuli, X4' The research examines the optimum conditions for producing movement perception. The determination of the optimum movement perception was made in the range of variables X1, X2, and X4 in the respective interval 90<X1<310 milliseconds, O<X2 <50 seconds, 0<X4<15 centimeters. A chisquared test of independence reveals that the frequency of responses of optimum movement is dependent only on the variables X1 and X4. Therefore, by curvilinear regression analysis, the frequency of responses of optimum movement perception is approximated in terms of X for each experimental value of X. For each value of X the parabola, 1 f(X14 IXh) = 0 +1X1 + f3,2X12' and the value of X1 where f has its maximum were found. The application areas of the results are further discussed in the second paper.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subdivisions of hymenopteran mushroom body calyces by their afferent supply

The mushroom bodies are regions in the insect brain involved in processing complex multimodal information. They are composed of many parallel sets of intrinsic neurons that receive input from and transfer output to extrinsic neurons that connect the mushroom bodies with the surrounding neuropils. Mushroom bodies are particularly large in social Hymenoptera and are thought to be involved in the control of conspicuous orientation, learning, and memory capabilities of these insects. The present account compares the organization of sensory input to the mushroom body's calyx in different Hymenoptera. Tracer and conventional neuronal staining procedures reveal the following anatomic characteristics: The calyx comprises three subdivisions, the lip, collar, and basal ring. The lip receives antennal lobe afferents, and these olfactory input neurons can terminate in two or more segregated zones within the lip. The collar receives visual afferents that are bilateral with equal representation of both eyes in each calyx. Visual inputs provide two to three layers of processes in the collar subdivision. The basal ring is subdivided into two modality-specific zones, one receiving visual, the other antennal lobe input. Some overlap of modality exists between calycal subdivisions and within the basal ring, and the degree of segregation of sensory input within the calyx is species-specific. The data suggest that the many parallel channels of intrinsic neurons may each process different aspects of sensory input information.
Open Conformation of Ezrin Bound to Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate and to F-actin Revealed by Neutron Scattering

Ezrin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family (ERM) of adapter proteins that are localized at the interface between the cell membrane and the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and they regulate a variety of cellular functions. The structure representing a dormant and closed conformation of an ERM protein has previously been determined by x-ray crystallography. Here, using contrast variation small angle neutron scattering, we reveal the structural changes of the full-length ezrin upon binding to the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and to F-actin. Ezrin binding to F-actin requires the simultaneous binding of ezrin to PIP2. Once bound to F-actin, the opened ezrin forms more extensive contacts with F-actin than generally depicted, suggesting a possible role of ezrin in regulating the interfacial structure and dynamics between the cell membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. In addition, using gel filtration, we find that the conformational opening of ezrin in response to PIP2 binding is cooperative, but the cooperativity is disrupted by a phospho-mimic mutation S249D in the 4.1-ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain of ezrin. Using surface plasmon resonance, we show that the S249D mutation weakens the binding affinity and changes the kinetics of 4.1-ERM to PIP2 binding. The study provides the first structural view of the activated ezrin bound to PIP2 and to F-actin.
A continuous time equilibrium model of forward prices and futures prices in a multigood economy

Abstract This paper is a theoretical investigation of equilibrium forward and futures prices. We construct a rational expectations model in continuous time of a multigood, identical consumer economy with constant stochastic returns to scale production. Using this model we find three main results. First, we find formulas for equilibrium forward, futures, discount bond, commodity bond and commodity option prices. Second, we show that a futures price is actually a forward price for the delivery of a random number of units of a good; the random number is the return earned from continuous reinvestment in instantaneously riskless bonds until maturity of the futures contract. Third, we find and interpret conditions under which normal backwardation or contango is found in forward or futures prices; these conditions reflect the usefulness of forward and futures contracts as consumption hedges.
Nuclear data sheets update for A = 174*

Abstract Evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=174 and corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation supersedes the earlier one by E. Browne (84Br21), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 41 , 511 (1984).
Report of the committee on magnetic standards, and instruments and methods of aerial magnetic measurements

Comparisons of magnetic and electric methods for determining the horizontal intensity of the Earth's magnetic field.—With respect to magnetic standards, the outstanding work during the year was the completion of an indirect comparison between three electro-magnetic instruments for determining the horizontal intensity of the Earth's magnetic field, viz, the Schuster-Smith magnetometer of England, the Watanabe electric magnetometer of Japan, and the Carnegie Institution of Washington sine galvanometer designed by Dr. Barnett and constructed by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. These comparisons were obtained by Messrs. Parkinson and Brown of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington using standard magnetometers of the Department for the comparisons at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England, and at the magnetic observatory, Kakioka, Japan; the magnetometers were later carefully compared with the sine galvanometer at Washington. The results show that the Schuster-Smith magnetometer and the sine galvanometer give values differing by less than 1/10,000 part of the value of the horizontal intensity, H, of the Earth's magnetic field, or less. The Watanabe instrument, however, for some reason indicates values greater by 1/3,000 part of H, but field instruments were used for this work and there is somewhat greater uncertainty in the result than for the other comparisons.
Unilateral oval pupil with good outcome: Report of two cases

Unilateral oval pupil has numerous causes, and several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed. Prognosis is nearly universally poor. We present two patients, an 86-year-old woman and a 61-year-old woman, who developed coma and unilateral oval pupil due to ischemia and hypoglycemia, respectively. In the second case, a discrete area of ipsilateral brainstem ischemia was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Both patients recovered. The prognosis for comatose patients with unilateral oval pupil is not universally poor.
Caring for children around the world: A view from HOME

This review examines cultural and socioeconomic variations in parenting as represented by the original and adapted versions of the HOME Inventory. There was specific focus on three aspects of the family environment where cultural models of parenting and access to resources are thought to be operative and for which there is evidence of impact on child well-being: parental responsiveness, discipline practices, and exposure to stimulating materials and experiences. Findings revealed meaningful impacts of culture and SES in all three areas. Not only did mean differences emerge across countries but different alliances between indicators, presumably representing the same parenting construct, also emerged. The review also revealed a tendency for researchers to modify the HOME consistent with local beliefs and practices concerning what children need, what families need, and the role of parents in fostering particular aspects of development. Despite differences in cultural models of parenting around the world, the...
Neutron-diffraction study of N D 4 Cl in the tricritical region

A detailed neutron scattering investigation has been made of the order-disorder transition in a crystal of N${({\mathrm{D}}_{0.93}{\mathrm{H}}_{0.07})}_{4}$Cl as a function of both temperature and pressure, with emphasis on the region close to the tricritical point (TCP). At atmospheric pressure, the temperature dependence of the order parameter $\ensuremath{\Psi}$ was obtained by means of a detailed crystal structural analysis, which revealed that the transition was first order. It was also found that $\ensuremath{\Psi}$ could be determined with suitable accuracy simply by measuring the intensity of the (221) reflection, which is negligibly small in the disordered region. Intensity data for this reflection were obtained at elevated pressures up to a maximum of 6 kbar both as a function of pressure and temperature, and the phase line was accurately located. This was approximately linear, with an average slope of about 8 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/kbar. From the behavior of the critical scattering, which showed quite abrupt changes in the disordered region close to the TCP, the latter was determined to lie at 128 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10 bar and (250.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1) \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The critical exponents at the TCP were determined for scans made at constant pressure and temperature, and were found to have significantly different values, $2{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{t}=0.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 \mathrm{and} 0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$, respectively. In the second-order region a similar tendency was observed for scans made through a given transition point in these directions. At 280 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, $2\ensuremath{\beta}$ for constant pressure and temperature scans, respectively, had values 0.61 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04 and 0.50 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04, the former being close to the three-dimensional Ising value.
Romanticism and the Body

Romantic scholarship in the last decade of the twentieth century effectively transformed the object of study, bringing not only new attention to women writers and issues of slavery, empire, and colonialism into the field but making slave narratives, antislavery writing, and writing by women in many genres integral to a newly expanded and configured Romantic canon. At the same time, certain leading descriptions of the older canon, dominated by poetry and a handful of male writers, remained current, especially the notion that Romantic poetry sought transcendence and an ideal realm at the price of denying the body and material nature. This essay looks at a variety of new work on Romanticism and the body that challenges and revises that description, eliciting a pronounced materialist tendency found in a number of Romantic-era discourses, authors, and texts. The new emphasis on the body and on the embodiment of mind brings together several subfields within Romantic scholarship, including literature and medicine, literature and scientific psychology, ecocriticism, environmental and diet studies, recent developments in colonial discourse studies and feminist criticism, and cognitive and neuroscientific approaches to reading Romanticism. Two of the most exciting developments in British Romantic scholarship during the 1990s not only contributed to new critical and theoretical perspectives on the field, but have changed the very way that the field is constituted: what “counts” as a Romantic text, what gets anthologized, what gets taught. The recovery and revaluation of Romantic-era texts written by women, growing out of the feminist critique of canonical, male-authored texts in the 1980s, effectively transformed and rejuvenated the field: dozens of authors barely mentioned for over a century came back into focus ‐ not to mention into print ‐ in ways that challenged reigning descriptions of Romanticism and threw “Romanticism” itself as a descriptive term into crisis. Even authors who had long remained available, most notably Jane Austen and Mary Shelley, became newly central to the field: for the first time, a young Romanticist might be expected to know and teach Emma as well as The Prelude . Alongside of (and overlapping with) the new scholarship on women writers, came an unprecedented attention to the relation of Romantic-era culture to matters of empire and colonialism, nation and ethnicity, slavery, and “race.” This newly globalized
On a stability property of Krasovskii

Abstract Sufficient conditions for a type of practical stability behavior are obtained through application of the comparison principle. The results obtained should be of particular value to applications involving the behavior of systems over a finite interval of time.
Difficulty Assisting with Health Care Tasks Among Caregivers of Multimorbid Older Adults

BACKGROUND Family caregivers provide assistance with health care tasks for many older adults with chronic illnesses. The difficulty they experience in providing this assistance, and related implications for their well-being, have not been well described.
Ten years on

Transgenic Animals:. Edited byN. L. First and F. P. Heseltine. Butterworth-Heineman: 1991. Pp. 358. £60, $75.
Satellite observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on marine clouds

[1] Because emissions from weak volcanic eruptions tend to remain in the low troposphere, they may have a significant radiative impact through the indirect effect on clouds. However, this type of volcanic activity is underreported and its global impact has been assessed only by model simulations constrained with very limited observations. First observations of the impact of high-latitude active volcanoes on marine boundary layer clouds are reported here. These observations were made using a combination of standard derived products and visible images from the MODIS, AMSR-E and GOES detectors. Two distinctive effects are identified. When there is an existing boundary layer cloud deck, an increase in cloud brightness and a decrease in both cloud effective radius and liquid water content were observed immediately downwind of the volcanoes. The visible appearance of these “volcano tracks” resembles the effect of man-made ship tracks. When synoptic conditions favor low cloudiness, the volcano plume (or volcano cloud) increases significantly the cloud cover downwind. The volcano cloud can extend for hundreds of kilometers until mixing with background clouds. Unlike violent eruptions, the volcano clouds reported here (the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific and the South Sandwich Islands in the South Atlantic) have retrieved microphysical properties similar to those observed in ship tracks. However, when comparing the volcano clouds from these two regions, liquid water content can decrease, increase or remain unchanged with respect to nearby unperturbed clouds. These differences suggest that composition at the source, type of eruption and meteorological conditions influence the evolution of the cloud.
Interface-State Generation in Thick SiO2 Layers

Evidence is presented that interface states are produced by radiation in some MOS structures with thick SiO2 layers (e.g., field oxides) by a mechanism different from the slow two-stage process previously identified in thinner radiation-hardened gate oxides. Production of interface states by the new process occurs promptly after irradiation, is independent of oxide field and polarity, and takes place with nearequal efficiency at room temperature and 77 K.
Implementation of a wetting-and-drying model in simulating the Kennebec–Androscoggin plume and the circulation in Casco Bay

A high-resolution coastal ocean model was developed to simulate the temporal/spatial variability of the Kennebec–Androscoggin (K–A) river plume and the circulation in Casco Bay. The model results agree favorably with the moored and shipboard observations of velocity, temperature, and salinity. The surface salinity gradient was used to distinguish the plume from the ambient coastal water. The calculated plume thickness suggests that the K–A plume is surface trapped. Its horizontal scales correlate well with Q 0.25, where Q is the volume discharge of the rivers. Directional spreading is affected by the wind with the upwelling favorable wind transporting the plume water offshore. Both the wind and the tide also enhance mixing in the plume. The inclusion of a wetting-and-drying (WAD) scheme appears to enhance the mixing and entrainment processes near the estuary. The plume becomes thicker near the mouth of the estuary, the outflow velocity of the plume is weaker, and the radius of the river plume shrinks. The flow field in the model run with the WAD is noisier, not only in shallow areas of Casco Bay but also in the plume and even on the shelf. We speculate that the WAD processes can affect much larger areas than the intertidal zones, especially via a river plume that feeds into a coastal current.
Evolution of the 21 cm signal throughout cosmic history

The potential use of the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen for probing the epoch of reionization is motivating the construction of several low-frequency interferometers. There is also much interest in the possibility of constraining the initial conditions from inflation and the nature of the dark matter and dark energy by probing the power spectrum of density perturbations in three dimensions and on smaller scales than probed by the microwave background anisotropies. Theoretical understanding of the 21 cm signal has been fragmented into different regimes of physical interest. In this paper, we make the first attempt to describe the full redshift evolution of the 21 cm signal between $0lzl300$. We include contributions to the 21 cm signal from fluctuations in the gas density, temperature, and neutral fraction, as well as the $\mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ flux, and allow for a post-reionization signal from damped $\mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ systems. Our comprehensive analysis provides a useful foundation for optimizing the design of future arrays whose goal is to separate the particle physics from the astrophysics, either by probing the peculiar velocity distortion of the 21 cm power spectrum, or by extending the 21 cm horizon to $z\ensuremath{\gtrsim}25$ before the first galaxies had formed, or to $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}6$ when the residual pockets of hydrogen trace large-scale structure.
Design of bio-mimetic particles with enhanced vascular interaction

The majority of particle-based delivery systems for the ‘smart’ administration of therapeutic and imaging agents have a spherical shape, are made by polymeric or lipid materials, have a size in the order of few hundreds of nanometers and a negligibly small relative density to aqueous solutions. In the microcirculation and deep airways of the lungs, where the creeping flow assumption holds, such small spheres move by following the flow stream lines and are not affected by external volume force fields. A delivery system should be designed to drift across the stream lines and interact repeatedly with the vessel walls, so that vascular interaction could be enhanced. The numerical approach presented in [Gavze, E., Shapiro, M., 1997. Particles in a shear flow near a solid wall: effect of nonsphericity on forces and velocities. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 23, 155–182.] is, here, proposed as a tool to analyze the dynamics of arbitrarily shaped particles in a creeping flow, and has been extended to include the contribution of external force fields. As an example, ellipsoidal particles with aspect ratio 0.5 are considered. In the absence of external volume forces, a net lateral drift (margination) of the particles has been observed for Stokes number larger than unity (St>1); whereas, for smaller St, the particles oscillate with no net lateral motion. Under these conditions, margination is governed solely by particle inertia (geometry and particle-to-fluid density ratio). In the presence of volume forces, even for fairly small St, margination is observed but in a direction dictated by the external force field. It is concluded that a fine balance between size, shape and density can lead to EVI particles (particles with enhanced vascular interaction) that are able to sense endothelial cells for biological and biophysical abnormalities, mimicking circulating platelets and leukocytes.
Current-perpendicular and current-parallel giant magnetoresistances in Co/Ag multilayers.

We report results of measurements of the perpendicular [current perpendicular to the layer planes (CPP)] and parallel [current in the layer planes (CIP)] magnetoresistances (MRs) of Co/Ag multilayers having Co and Ag thicknesses ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ and ${t}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$ ranging from 1.5 to 60 nm. (1) We find the variations of the CPP- and CIP-MRs with ${t}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$ and ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ to be qualitatively similar to each other, suggesting that the parameters determining both may also be similar. (2) In accord with predictions that CPP-MRgCIP-MR, we find their ratio $\ensuremath{\pi}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{R}$ to range from about 3 to at least 6. (3) We analyze current perpendicular to the layer plane (CPP) specific resistances, ${\mathrm{Ar}}_{t}$, of Co/Ag multilayers having a wide range of Co and Ag thicknesses ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ and ${t}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$ in terms of a two-current, series resistor model based upon the assumption that the spin-diffusion lengths in the Co and Ag are much longer than ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ and ${t}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$, respectively. We show first that a six parameter fit gives rather good agreement with four data sets, with the three parameters that can be separately checked agreeing within experimental uncertainties with independent measurements of the same quantities. We then examine the ability of these fits to predict the behavior of additional sets of data. Here we find some agreements and some disagreements. Possible reasons for the disagreements are examined.
Land Use Planning and the Urban Heat Island

Local climate changes due to urbanization are epitomized by the urban heat island (UHI), which is characterized by temperature differences between urban and rural areas. The UHI effect is a critical factor for energy consumption and air quality, resulting in higher peak electricity demand in summer because of air conditioning, increased emissions of primary pollutants associated to power production, and increased generation of ozone. However, planners need a better understanding of the relationship between the UHI and land-use patterns in order to reduce the UHI and promote more sustainable urban development. This research develops statistical models of local surface temperatures, using Landsat-5 satellite remote- sensing data, whereby the temperature at any location and for any land use is modeled as a function of the pattern of land uses around this location. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and area land-use variables are used as inputs to these models, which are estimated with data for the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. The results confirm the effects of neighboring land uses on local temperatures. The applicability of these models for land-use planning is illustrated by simulating hypothetical land-use changes, and computing the resulting temperature effects. The results demonstrate that it is possible to reduce temperatures in residential and urban areas through judicious siting of green areas.
Edge states tunneling in the fractional quantum Hall effect: integrability and transport

Abstract This is a short review of nonperturbative techniques that have been used in the past 5 years to study transport out of equilibrium in low dimensional, strongly interacting systems of condensed matter physics. These techniques include massless factorized scattering, the generalization of the Landauer Buttiker approach to integrable quaisparticles, and duality. The case of tunneling between edges in the fractional quantum Hall effect is discussed in details. To cite this article: H. Saleur, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 685–695.
β2-adrenergic receptors mediate cardioprotection through crosstalk with mitochondrial cell death pathways

Aims β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) modulate cardiotoxicity/cardioprotection through crosstalk with multiple signaling pathways. We have previously shown that β2-ARs are cardioprotective during exposure to oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin (DOX). DOX cardiotoxicity is mediated in part through a Ca2+-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), however the signals linking a cell surface receptor like the β2-AR to regulators of mitochondrial function are not clear. The objective of this study was to assess mechanisms of crosstalk between β2-ARs and mitochondrial cell death pathways.
Intrinsic religious motivation and attitudes toward death among the elderly

Forty-five males and females ages 65 and older completed the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale, a measure of faith development (based on Fowler, 1981), and two multidimensional measures of death anxiety (the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale-Revised and the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale). Individuals with intrin-sic religious motivation reported significantly lower levels of various types of death anxiety than did individuals with extrinsic religious motivation. No significant rela-tionships were found between stage of faith and attitudes toward death and dying.
Late surgical mitral valve repair after percutaneous repair with the mitraclip® system

Percutaneous approaches for treating mitral regurgitation are under investigation, including repair with the MitraClip percutaneous mitral repair system (Evalve, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA), which has undergone extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation in the EVEREST I and II trials. The procedure involves the transcatheter placement of one or two MitraClip devices under echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance to restore leaflet coaptation. A desirable feature of any percutaneous mitral valve (MV) repair system is that the device should not impede subsequent surgical repair if needed. To date, the majority of reported MV surgeries after MitraClip device implantation have occurred earlier, within one year of treatment. We herein describe four previously unreported cases of successful surgical MV repair up to five years after MitraClip device implantation, demonstrating that late MV repair remains possible, including after implantation of two clips.
Stream bed temperature profiles as indicators of percolation characteristics beneath arroyos in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA

Stream bed temperature profiles were monitored continuously during water year 1990 and 1991 (WY90 and 91) in two New Mexico arroyos, similar in their meteorological features and dissimilar in their hydrological features. Stream bed temperature profiles between depths of 30 and 300 cm were examined to determine whether temporal changes in temperature profiles represent accurate indicators of the timing, depth and duration of percolation in each stream bed. These results were compared with stream flow, air temperature, and precipitation records for WY90 and 91, to evaluate the effect of changing surface conditions on temperature profiles. Temperature profiles indicate a persistently high thermal gradient with depth beneath Grantline Arroyo, except during a semi-annual thermal reversal in spring and autumn. This typifies the thermal response of dry sediments with low thermal conductivities. High thermal gradients were disrupted only during infrequent stream flows, followed by rapid re-establishment of high gradients. The stream bed temperature at 300 cm was unresponsive to individual precipitation or stream flow during WY90 and 91. This thermal pattern provides strong evidence that most seepage into Grantline Arroyo failed to percolate at a sufficient rate to reach 300 cm before being returned to the atmosphere. A distinctly different thermal pattern was recorded beneath Tijeras Arroyo. Low thermal gradients between 30 and 300 cm and large diurnal variations in temperature, suggest that stream flow created continuous, advection-dominated heat transport for over 300 days, annually. Beneath Tijeras Arroyo, low thermal gradients were interrupted only briefly during periodic, dry summer conditions. Comparisons of stream flow records for WY90 and 91 with stream bed temperature profiles indicate that independent analysis of thermal patterns provides accurate estimates of the timing, depth and duration of percolation beneath both arroyos. Stream flow loss estimates indicate that seepage rates were 15 times greater for Tijeras Arroyo than for Grantline Arroyo, which supports qualitative conclusions derived from analysis of stream bed temperature responses to surface conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Planning Urban Sidewalks: Infrastructure, Daily Life and Destinations

Sidewalks have become important to diverse planning concerns that range from walking for health and transportation to economic development, recreation and environment improvement. Given their multiple roles in rapidly changing cities, this paper asks 'how should we plan sidewalks?' We contend that planners can create better cities for more people by reconsidering three facets of sidewalk planning: sidewalks as infrastructure, sidewalks as spaces of everyday life, and sidewalks as leisure destinations. The objective is to build quality infrastructure and more adaptable spaces throughout the city
A characterization of the spectral density of residual ocean floor topography

Ocean floor topography can be characterized as a signal related to lithospheric cooling and a residual; the residual can be further modeled by comparing the shape of its power spectrum with that of a fractal process. Power spectra of Seabeam profiles along a flowline in the South Atlantic are calculated; the data are resampled, pre-whitened by first differencing, tapered with a Hanning window, and passed to an FFT. The effects of the pre-whitening are removed and the spectra are smoothed. The spectra of ocean floor topographic residuals are curved (power increases less rapidly with increasing wavelength) at wavelengths greater than several 10's of kilometers and straight at shorter wavelengths.
Significant issues in water resources policy

Abstract The difficulties in resolving water resource policy questions are analogous in many ways to the difficulties in resolving energy policy questions — technical, legal, institutional and social. Federal involvement in water resources began in 1809 and continues to the present time. The most recent comprehensive study was the Second National Water Assessment by the U.S. Water Resources Council in 1979. Conclusions reached were that water quality and quantity and surface and ground water are artificial distinctions, that water policies should reflect national needs and priorities, that flood control must be accelerated and drinking water quality protected and that more decisions should be made at a local level while integrated into national planning and development. Though the study disaggregated the U.S. into 106 subregions, its projections of a single future rather than a range of futures gives an erroneous sense of predictability to the work. To help resolve the major problems, inadequate supply and contamination and flooding and erosion, ultrasophisticated mathematical models are widely utilized without sufficient verification. A more tractable approach for policy studies would be to use simplified semi-empirical models rather than first principle models. Possibly more important, policy resolution awaits social value resolution which means that the policies adopted must be flexible, incremental, and non-divisive.
Use of a Parasitic Wasp as a Biosensor

Screening cargo for illicit substances is in need of rapid high-throughput inspection systems that accurately identify suspicious cargo. Here we investigate the ability of a parasitic wasp, Microplitis croceipes to detect and respond to methyl benzoate, the volatile component of cocaine, by examining their response to training concentrations, their sensitivity at low concentrations, and their ability to detect methyl benzoate when two concealment substances (green tea and ground coffee) are added to the testing arena. Utilizing classical associative learning techniques with sucrose as reward, we found that M. croceipes learns individual concentrations of methyl benzoate, and they can generalize this learning to concentrations 100× lower than the training concentration. Their sensitivity to methyl benzoate is very low at an estimated 3 ppb. They are also able to detect methyl benzoate when covered completely by green tea, but were not able to detect methyl benzoate when covered completely by coffee grounds. Habituation to the tea and coffee odors prior to testing improves their responses, resulting in effective detection of methyl benzoate covered by the coffee grounds. With the aid of the portable device called ‘the wasp hound’, the wasps appear to have potential to be effective on-site biosensors for the detection of cocaine.
Induction of rate-dependent processing by coarse-grained aspects of speech

This study investigated the idea that human speech recognition can involve analyzing the speech signal at multiple levels of resolution, using the information obtained from relatively coarse levels of analysis as a context for interpreting detailed acoustic cues to segment identity. Three experiments examined the effectiveness of coarse-grained aspects of speech in inducing rate-dependent processing of closure duration as a cue to phonological voicing in a medial stop consonant (specifically, rabid vs. rapid). Experiment 1 showed that the rate of articulation of a severely filtered precursor phrase influenced voicing judgments about a segment in an unfiltered test word. Experiment 2 showed a similar effect when the amplitude envelope of the precursive speech was filled with a constant-frequency sine wave set at the fundamental of the test word. The contextual effects of these coarse-grained aspects of speech did not differ from those of acoustically detailed precursive speech. Experiment 3 showed that no context-dependent processing occurred when the amplitude envelope of the precursive speech was filled with white noise, indicating that the precursive sounds must have some acoustic continuity with the test word for integration to take place. The results support the idea that context-dependent processing can be based on coarse aspects of the speech signal.
A Retrodirective Array Based on Phase Detection and Frequency Scanning

A novel retrodirective array consisting of a single-VCO frequency-scanned array with phase-detecting control circuitry is presented. An analog third-order polynomial control circuit is used to precision-match the phase detection error voltage to the VCO tuning voltage characteristic for accurate steering. The interrogator and retrodirective transmit frequencies are 1.0 GHz and 7.3 GHz, respectively. Retro-directivity is reported for angles of 0deg, -20deg, and +15deg.
Influence of different auxins at varying concentrations on callus inductions and growth from embryo and leaf-tip explants in gramineae

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of 2,4-dichlorophenxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), α-2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (silvex), p -chlorophenoxyacetic acid ( p CPA), 3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at molar concentrations of 5–60 μM on callus induction and growth of orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) embryo explants. The effectiveness of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, silvex, dicamba, picloram and NAA on callus induction from leaf-tip explants was studied in annual ryegrass. Length of leaf from which tips were excised and whether or not the mesocotyl-tip node was included in the explant on the efficiency of callus induction were also studied in annual ryegrass. The three species responded differently with regard to different auxins and auxin concentrations for optimum callus induction and growth from embryos. In general, orchardgrass calli grew faster and attained a larger size during the 28-day incubation period than the other two species. Tall fescue calli exhibited the least growth. Dicamba and picloram were effective for inducing callus in all three species and were especially superior to 2,4-D in tall fescue. These auxins were also effective for inducing callus from leaf-tips in annual ryegrass but higher concentrations were needed than for embryos. Production of callus from leaf-tip was highly variable but tips from shorter leaves gave higher percentage of callus induction than those from longer leaves. Percent callus induction was 88% or above if the node were included in the explant regardless of initial leaf length or dicamba concentration.
The effect of loading rate and degeneration on neutral region motion in human cadaveric lumbar motion segments

Background The quasistatic neutral zone is a surrogate for neutral region stiffness of spinal motion segments. No similar measure of dynamic stiffness has been validated. Because parameters related to stiffness are likely to be affected by loading rate and disc degeneration, we examined the effect of those factors on motion parameters derived from continuous motion data.
Active structures with uncertainties

The concept and implementation of active structures presents significant computational challenges. At the design stage, an active structure requires that the structural control and structural optimisation computations be carried out simultaneously. In this paper, an algorithm, which has been developed for the design of active structures, is presented. Uncertainties in structural properties, and in the dynamic excitation must be considered for a successful design of an active structure. Uncertainties in the damping and modulus of elasticity of conventional structural members are represented using an ellipsoidal convex model. The dynamic excitation considered is an earthquake, whose uncertain characteristics are treated using an energy bound convex model. The use of the convex model, to account for uncertainties in both structural resistance and excitation, makes it possible to perform the optimisation of the structure in a time-independent fashion, which results in significant computational savings. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to perform the optimisation, which improves the chances of obtaining a global minimum design.
Distribution of Sinuous Rilles and Water on the Moon

Sinuous rill and water distribution on lunar surface from Orbiter 4 high resolution photographs
Die Ruptur eines kongenitalen rechtskoronaren Sinus-Valsalva-Aneurysmas als Ursache einer akuten kardialen Dekompensation

A 54 year old woman was admitted to a hospital because of acute thoracal pain, dyspnea, and clinical signs of overt right heart failure. Transthoracic and multiplane echocardiography established the diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of valsalva into the right atrium which could be confirmed by cardiac catheterization. During heart surgery, which was done without complications, the defect was closed with a suture. Six months later echocardiography showed a normal right ventricle; the function of the aortic valve was regular. Acute heart failure may be due to a congenital structural cardiac anomaly in spite of the age of 54. In such conditions transthoracic and especially transesophageal echocardiography serve as noninvasive excellent tools to make an exact diagnosis.
η Pairing as a Mechanism of Superconductivity in Models of Strongly Correlated Electrons

We consider extended versions of the Hubbard model which contain additional interactions between nearest neighbors. In this Letter we show that a large class of these models has a superconducting ground state in arbitrary dimensions. In some special cases we are able to find the complete phase diagram. The superconducting phase exists even for moderate repulsive values of the Hubbard interaction $U$.
Fabrication of zeolite/polymer multilayer composite membranes for carbon dioxide capture: Deposition of zeolite particles on polymer supports

Abstract Membranes, due to their smaller footprint and potentially lower energy consumption than the amine process, offer a promising route for post-combustion CO2 capture. Zeolite Y based inorganic selective layers offer a favorable combination of CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity, membrane properties crucial to the economics. For economic viability on large scale, we propose to use flexible and scalable polymer supports for inorganic selective layers. The work described in this paper developed a detailed protocol for depositing thin zeolite Y seed layers on polymer supports, the first step in the synthesis of a polycrystalline zeolite Y membrane. We also studied the effects of support surface morphology (pore size and surface porosity) on the quality of deposition and identified favorable supports for the deposition. Two different zeolite Y particles with nominal sizes of 200 nm and 40 nm were investigated. To obtain a complete coverage of zeolite particles on the support surface with minimum defects and in a reproducible manner, a vacuum-assisted dip-coating technique was developed. Images obtained using both digital camera and optical microscope showed the presence of color patterns on the deposited surface which suggested that the coverage was complete. Electron microscopy revealed that the particle packing was dense with some drying cracks. Layer thickness with the larger zeolite Y particles was close to 1 μm while that with the smaller particles was reduced to less than 0.5 μm. In order to reduce drying cracks for layers with smaller zeolite Y particles, thickness was reduced by lowering the dispersion concentration. Transport measurement was used as an additional technique to characterize these layers.
On nonparametric demand analysis

Abstract Building on the work of Afriat and Varian, a nonparametric analysis of consumption behavior is presented. Inner-bound and outer-bound representations of preferences are obtained that are consistent with both the data and consumer theory. It is shown how a priori information on demand response can be incorporated in the analysis. The approach generates estimates of price and income elasticities of demand. An application to U.S. consumption data illustrates the usefulness of the method for predicting demand behavior as well as for welfare analysis.