cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D-cycloserine enhancement of exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder depends on the success of exposure sessions.

Abstract Objective The evidence for the efficacy of d -cycloserine (DCS) for augmenting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders has been mixed. Guided by preclinical research and initial findings from a small-scale study involving humans, we tested the hypothesis that DCS enhancement of exposure therapy would be specific to successful exposure sessions. Method Medication-free adults with generalized social anxiety disorder (N = 145) received 50 mg of DCS or placebo 1 h before each of 5 exposure sessions that were part of a standardized 12-session group CBT protocol. Participants provided fear ratings at the beginning and just before the end of exposure exercises. Independent raters, blind to group assignment, administered the clinical global impression improvement and severity scales at each session and at posttreatment. Results Mixed-effects analyses revealed that, among patients who reported low fear at the end of an exposure session, those who had received DCS evidenced significantly greater clinical improvement at the next session, relative to those who had received placebo. In contrast, when exposure end fear was high, patients receiving DCS exhibited less clinical improvement at the following session than patients receiving placebo. Similarly, patients who had received DCS evidenced lower clinical severity at posttreatment, relative to patients who had received placebo, only when their average end fear for medication-augmented sessions had been in the low to moderate range. Finally, these moderating effects of exposure success as indexed by end fear were not better accounted for by within-session extinction. Conclusions The efficacy of DCS for augmenting exposure-based CBT depends on the success of exposure sessions. These findings may help guide the development of an algorithm for the effective use of DCS for augmenting exposure-based CBT. Trial registry http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov , ID# NCT00633984 , http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00633984 .
Collapse Behavior of Steel Columns under Lateral Loading

The effect of local buckling due to lateral loading on the axial capacity of steel columns is investigated using detailed finite models. An overview of past research addressing column failure under seismic loading is presented to characterize the current state of knowledge. Preliminary simulation results indicate that flange local buckling due to lateral loading could significantly reduce the axial resistance of steel moment frame columns.
Information technology as competitive advantage: the role of human, business, and technology resources

This paper investigates linkages between information technology (IT) and firm performance. Although showing recent signs of advance, the existing IT literature still relies heavily on case studies, anecdotes, and consultants' frameworks, with little solid empirical work or synthesis of findings. This paper examines the IT literature, develops an integrative, resource-based theoretical framework, and presents results from a new empirical study in the retail industry. The findings show that ITs alone have not produced sustainable performance advantages in the retail industry, but that some firms have gained advantages by using ITs to leverage intangible, complementary human and business resources such as flexible culture, strategic planning-IT integration, and supplier relationships. The results support the resource-based approach, and help to explain why some firms outperform others using the same ITs, and why successful IT users often fail to sustain IT-based competitive advantages.
Analysis of a multiaccess control scheme

We consider a multiaccess channel under the infinite source model and ternary feedback. We consider a recently proposed scheme for the decentralized control of transmissions through the channel, and we prove that it is stable, as long as the rate of generation of new packets is smaller than e-1.
An architecture for network management

As is becoming increasingly understood, in extending the Internet architecture into the future, network management is a key challenge. [4], [25] The current approach has been to provide a set of weakly integrated tools to network managers of each enterprise or other network. In this paper we argue the position that a single architecture or framework for network management would improve our overall ability to manage networks in an increasingly integrated, heterogeneous, and widely distributed network environment. We add to this the problem that increasingly the users and other components of our applications are distributed and/or mobile. In this paper we argue for such a common approach, and propose a set of key elements of such an approach, as a proof of concept argument that it is possible.
Analysis of high-resolution ECG changes during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

The authors have hypothesized that low-level, electrocardiographic changes may accompany transient ischemia induced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Altered repolarization may manifest as subclinical changes in ST-T morphology. Changes in depolarization may manifest as low-amplitude notches and slurs, a phenomenon the authors term abnormal intra-QRS potentials. The initial aim of this study was to characterize changes in high-resolution electrocardiograph signals that might be linked to ischemic involvement of the ventricular myocardium.
El estrés crónico y la Terapia Cognitiva Centrada en Mindfulness: Una nueva dimensión en psiconeuroinmunología

En el presente articulo se hace una revision del concepto de estres cronico desde una perspectiva psiconeuroinmunologica. Se examina un extenso numero de estudios multidisciplinarios que demuestran las interacciones entre el cerebro y los sistemas nervioso, endocrino e inmune en el desarrollo de enfermedades. Se presenta una nueva vision acerca del estres y se hacen las distinciones correspondientes en relacion con la respuesta fisiologica, emocional, comportamental y estilo de vida del individuo. Se examina el impacto negativo del estres cronico con un enfasis especial en la enfermedad del cancer, y finalmente se hace referencia al programa de la Terapia Cognitiva Centrada en Mindfulness (TCCM) como una forma de intervencion biopsicosocial promisoria para contrarrestar los efectos nocivos del estres cronico. estres cronico / calidad de vida / cancer / mindfulness / psiconeuroinmunologia Chronic stress and the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: A new dimension in psychoneuroimmunology This article reviews the concept of chronic stress from the psychoneuroimmunologic point of view. We examined an extensive multidisciplinary studies and research reporting conclusive evidence of the interactions between the brain, the nervous, endocrine and immune systems in the development of disease. We discussed the negative impact of chronic stress on health and disease. A new vision about stress is presented, taking into account the physiological, emotional and behavioral responses to stress, as well as the life style of the individual. We pointed out the negative impact of chronic stress with an emphasis on cancer, and finally we made a reference to the role of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a promissory biopsychosocial intervention to buffer chronic stress. chronic stress / quality of life / cancer / mindfulness / psychoneuroimmunology.
Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Thresholds and Sampling Comparisons for Flowering Cotton in the Midsouthern United States

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), has become the primary target of foliar insecticides in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., throughout the Midsouth over the past several years. This prompted a reevaluation of existing action thresholds for flowering cotton under current production practices and economics. A trial was conducted at 19 locations throughout the Midsouth during 2006 and 2007. Threshold treatments ranged from a weekly automatic insecticide application to a very high threshold of 10 tarnished plant bugs per 1.5 row-m on a black drop cloth. Individually, all locations reached the lowest threshold, and eight locations had a significant yield loss from tarnished plant bugs. Across all locations, lint yield decreased 0.85 to 1.72% for each threshold increase of one tarnished plant bug per 1.5 row-m. Yield loss was most closely correlated to pest density during the latter half of the flowering period. The relationship between plant bug density or damage and yield was similar for drop cloth, sweep net, and dirty square sampling methods, but the correlations among these sampling methods were not high. Incorporating actual insecticide application data from the trial and average production and economic factors for Midsouth cotton, the economic threshold, if monitoring once per week, should be between 1.6 and 2.6 tarnished plant bugs per 1.5 row-m during the flowering period. More frequent monitoring or situations where insecticide applications are more efficacious may alter this threshold.
Prospect of gene therapy for cardiomyopathy in hereditary muscular dystrophy.

abstractIntroduction: Cardiac involvement is a common feature in muscular dystrophies. It presents as heart failure and/or arrhythmia. Traditionally, dystrophic cardiomyopathy is treated with symptom-relieving medications. Identification of disease-causing genes and investigation on pathogenic mechanisms have opened new opportunities to treat dystrophic cardiomyopathy with gene therapy. Replacing/repairing the mutated gene and/or targeting the pathogenic process/mechanisms using alternative genes may attenuate heart disease in muscular dystrophies.Areas covered: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy. Duchenne cardiomyopathy has been the primary focus of ongoing dystrophic cardiomyopathy gene therapy studies. Here, we use Duchenne cardiomyopathy gene therapy to showcase recent developments and to outline the path forward. We also discuss gene therapy status for cardiomyopathy associated with limb-girdle and congenital muscular dystrophies, and myotonic dystrophy.Expert opinion: ...
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SPLITTING OF WATER AT NANOCRYSTALLINE N-FE2O3 THIN-FILM ELECTRODES

Semiconducting nanocrystalline thin films of n-Fe2O3 were synthesized by a spray−pyrolytic method. These films were used for the photoelectrochemical splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen gases. The rates of photoelectrochemical splitting of water at these thin-film electrodes were found to depend on the spray time, substrate temperature, solvent composition in the spray solution, and the concentration of the spray solution. The maximum photocurrent density of 3.7 mA cm-2 at 0.7 V/saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was obtained at the n-Fe2O3 film synthesized using the optimum condition of substrate temperature of 350 °C, the spray time of 60 s, and the spray solution of 0.11 M FeCl3 in 100% ethanol. The band gap energy of this film was found 2.05 eV. The flatband potential of −0.74 V/SCE and the apparent donor density of 2.2 × 1020 cm-3 were found from the Mott−Schottky plots at the AC frequency of 1000 Hz. The n-Fe2O3 films synthesized using the optimum conditions gave rise to a total conversion effi...
Nucleotide sequences encoding and promoting expression of three antibiotic resistance genes indigenous to Streptomyces.

Promoter-probe plasmid vectors were used to isolate putative promoter-containing DNA fragments of three Streptomyces antibiotic resistance genes, the rRNA methylase (tsr) gene of S. azureus, the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (aph) gene of S. fradiae, and the viomycin phosphotransferase (vph) gene of S. vinaceus. DNA sequence analysis was carried out for all three of the fragments and for the protein-coding regions of the tsr and vph genes. No sequences resembling typical E. coli promoters or Bacillus vegetatively-expressed promoters were identified. Furthermore, none of the three DNA fragments found to be transcriptionally active in Streptomyces could initiate transcription when introduced into E. coli. An extremely biased codon usage pattern that reflects the high G+C composition of Streptomyces DNA was observed for the protein-coding regions of the tsr and vph genes, and of the previously sequenced aph gene. This pattern enabled delineation of the protein-coding region and identification of the coding strand of the genes.
Demonstration of Enhanced III-V-On-Silicon Hybrid Integration by Using a Strained Superlattice as a Defect Blocking Layer

Enhanced III-V epitaxial transfer through a low-temperature direct wafer bonding process was observed by including a strained superlattice (SSL) layer right above the bonding layer in III-V to block bonding-induced defects. Compared to previously-used unstrained SL, SSL shows better capacity to pin thermal defects at the bonding interface, preventing them from propagating upwards to the active region. Higher photoluminescence response and lower dark current from fabricated photodetectors (PDs) proved the theory. Compared with SL-free sample, both USL and SSL samples demonstrated much better uniformity in PL response and PD dark current, and well-preserved quantum-well satellite peaks and fringes in X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement. The employment of SSL is useful to many dissimilar material hybrid integrations.
Reactant vibrational excitations are more effective than translational energy in promoting an early-barrier reaction F + H2O → HF + OH.

The exothermic F + H(2)O → HF + OH reaction has a decidedly "early" or "reactant-like" barrier. According to a naive interpretation of the Polanyi's rules, translational energy would be more effective than vibrational energy in promoting such reactions. However, we demonstrate here using both quasi-classical trajectory and full-dimensional quantum wave packet methods on an accurate global potential energy surface that excitations in the H(2)O vibrational degrees of freedom have higher efficacy in enhancing the reactivity of the title reaction than the same amount of translational energy, thus providing a counter-example to Polanyi's rules. This enhancement of reactivity is analyzed using a vibrational adiabatic model, which sheds light on the surprising mode selectivity in this reaction.
Anatomy of the junction of the inferior petrosal sinus and the internal jugular vein.

PURPOSE To evaluate the anatomy of the junction of the inferior petrosal sinus and the internal jugular vein. METHODS Using a previously described classification system, we prospectively classified venous anatomy bilaterally in 135 of 136 persons consecutively undergoing inferior petrosal sinus sampling. RESULTS Type IV anatomy, with no anastomosis between the inferior petrosal sinus and the internal jugular vein, was significantly less frequent in our series than in a previous series (1 versus 7%; P CONCLUSION Bilateral sampling of pituitary venous effluent can be accomplished by the methods described, despite the presence of either incomplete or true type IV venous anatomy. Bilateral petrosal sinus sampling is anatomically possible in 99% of persons.
Immunohistochemistry as a reliable method for detection of BRAF-V600E mutation in melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current published literature

Abstract Background The BRAF-V600E mutation is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Identification of this mutation is clinically important as we now have Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, which have been shown to retard disease progression in these patients. Detection of BRAF-V600E by genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard method for melanoma cases. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a VE1 antibody is rapidly emerging as a trustworthy method for the determination of mutation status in patients' specimens. Our objective in this study was to assess the reliability of IHC compared with genetic methods for successful identification of BRAF-V600E mutation in melanoma tissue specimens. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was performed for studies comparing IHC with genetic analysis for the detection of BRAF in melanoma patients published through May 28, 2015. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive, and negative likelihood ratios were calculated using a bivariate model. Logit estimates of sensitivity and specificity with their respective variances were used to plot a hierarchical receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q- and I-squared statistics. Results An initial literature search resulted in 287 articles. After two independent reviews and consensus-based discussion to resolve disparities, 21 studies involving a total of 1687 cases met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivity of IHC for BRAF-V600E detection was 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.94-0.98), specificity 1.00; 95% CI (0.97-1.00), positive likelihood ratio 194.2; 95% CI (37.6-1003.3), negative likelihood ratio 0.04; 95% CI (0.02-0.07), and diagnostic odds ratio 5503 (1199-25,263), as compared with genetic analysis. A high heterogeneity was observed between these studies (Q value of 40.17 & I 2 = 95%; 95% CI (91-99, P Conclusions Meta-analysis demonstrates that IHC is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of BRAF-V600E in melanoma cases. IHC is likely to be useful in BRAF mutation detection because it is highly comparable with the genetic methods. Any negative or low staining cases may be selected to undergo genetic analysis based on other clinical and histopathologic features.
Dirty and Clarification: the Images of Teachers in Private Kindergarten from Multiple Subjects Perspective

In recent years, many "abuse of children's events"have been exposed by the network media the "catalyst". Parents choosing garden benchmark crashed, and lofty moral expect for teachers, in a large extent caused "the universality of child abuse event"and its derivative, the collective image of preschool teachers become "dirt". To this end, we should have a rational attitude to child abuse event, analyze the causes, to restore the good image of preschool teachers.
The U.S. model of internal medicine in and outside the hospital

The most striking change of the U.S. model of internal medicine has been expansion beyond a hospital-based, disease-focused, diagnostic and therapeutic discipline to one that includes ambulatory care for the well and the sick, and the management of disease, resources and information. In 1987 the American Board of Internal Medicine's Task Force on the Future of Internal Medicine proposed that general internal medicine should evolve to the new manager of care. Moreover, it recommended that general internal medicine and its subspecialties should remain united as a single integrated discipline. The 1997 training requirements added the study on practice of health promotion and disease prevention. Over 60% of U.S. internists practice a subspecialty, many as consultants both in and outside the hospital. Patients encounter a variety of doctors' offices: one-third are the decreasing number of general practice offices, one-third are the growing number of family practice offices; and one-third are general internal medicine offices; all of them are primary care specialists. In 1999 the general internist is a "doctor for adults"; he or she retains the original role diagnostician for patients with difficult or undifferentiated problems and for patients who will ultimately receive care from a subspecialist. The new age internist is the manager. He or she manages sick patients with complex problems.
Hematopoietic stem cell development: Using the zebrafish to identify extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms regulating hematopoiesis.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the apex of the hematopoietic hierarchy, giving rise to each of the blood lineages found throughout the lifetime of the organism. Since the genetic programs regulating HSC development are highly conserved between vertebrate species, experimental studies in zebrafish have not only complemented observations reported in mammals but have also yielded important discoveries that continue to influence our understanding of HSC biology and homeostasis. Here, we summarize findings that have established zebrafish as an important conserved model for the study of hematopoiesis, and describe methods that can be utilized for future investigations of zebrafish HSC biology.
Exercise, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer survivors.

165Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported higher in breast cancer survivors (BCS) compared to age-matched postmenopausal women. The risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes is significantly increased in women with MetS. Lifestyle behaviors are recommended first line interventions to reduce risk for MetS. Methods: From a 12 month randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a fitness center exercise intervention compared to a home physical activity group, the criteria for MetS (3 of 5 components: waist circumference [WC] ≥ 80cm, triglycerides ≥ 150mg/dL, HDL cholesterol 100mg/dL) were used to identify BCS with MetS. General estimating equation was employed for longitudinal changes. Heart rate recovery (reduction in heart rate from peak heart rate at one minute after exercise stress test) was used as a measure of cardiovascular fitness. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed associations between heart rate recovery an...
Latent class analysis of violence against adolescents and psychosocial outcomes in refugee settings in Uganda and Rwanda.

Background Little is known about violence against children in refugee camps and settlements, and the evidence-base concerning mental health outcomes of youth in refugee settings in low and middle-income countries is similarly small. Evidence is needed to understand patterns of violence against children in refugee camps, and associations with adverse mental health outcomes. Methods Surveys were conducted with adolescent refugees (aged 13-17) in two refugee contexts - Kiziba Camp, Rwanda (n = 129) (refugees from Democratic Republic of Congo) and Adjumani and Kiryandongo refugee settlements, Uganda (n = 471) (refugees from South Sudan). Latent Class Analysis was utilized to identify classes of violence exposure (including exposure to witnessing household violence, verbal abuse, physical violence and sexual violence). Logistic regressions explored the association between latent class of violence exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results In Rwanda, a two-class solution was identified, with Class 1 (n = 33) representing high levels of exposure to violence and Class 2 (n = 96) representing low levels of exposure. In Uganda, a three-class solution was identified: Class 1 (high violence; n = 53), Class 2 (low violence, n = 100) and Class 3 (no violence, n = 317). Logistic regression analyses indicated that latent violence class was associated with increased odds of high anxiety symptoms in Rwanda (AOR 3.56, 95% CI 1.16-0.95), and high v. no violence class was associated with depression (AOR 3.97, 95% CI 1.07-7.61) and anxiety symptoms (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.96) in Uganda. Conclusions The present results support the existing evidence-base concerning the association between violence and adverse mental health outcomes, while identifying differences in patterns and associations between refugee youth in two different contexts.
Roaring metropolis: businessman’s campaign for a civic welfare state

In American political history, the decade of the 1920s has often been described as one of political retrenchment and conservatism driven in part by businessmen’s hostility to public spending. In hi...
College Students’ Online Pornography Use: Contrasting General and Specific Structural Variables with Social Learning Variables

This research partially tests Akers’ social structure-social learning theory (SSSL). The data was collected online through a self-report questionnaire and nearly half (48.8%) of the sample of 812 college students reported visiting a porn site. To better understand this self-report behavior, bivariate correlations and three binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. In Model A, participants who were male, Hispanic, had more years in college, and more inclined toward homosexuality had an increased likelihood of visiting a porn site. In Model B, again, gender, ethnicity, year in school, and the sexuality scale were significant predictors. However, race appeared as significant for the first time along with number of sex partners, and frequency of masturbation, indicating that participants who were Black, had a greater number of sexual partners, and masturbated more frequently had an increased likelihood of visiting porn site. As with the first and second models, gender, race, sexuality scale, and frequency of masturbation were significant predictors in Model C. Additionally, differential peer association, differential reinforcement, and definitions favorable were significant, indicating that participants who had greater association with peers who viewed porn, who had observed someone watching porn and decided to mimic their behaviors, and who had defined visiting porn sites favorably had an increased likelihood of visiting a porn site. Overall, Akers’ SLT variables fully mediated ethnicity, year in school, and number of sex partners, but it only partially mediated gender, race, and sexuality scale.
Ultrasound Imaging of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Echocardiography remains the primary diagnostic test in clinical practice for evaluation of CAVD and for entry criteria and end points in clinical research trials. The clinical paradigm is changing for earlier interventions in asymptomatic severe AS with the improvement in surgical care and the advent of transcutaneous aortic valve replacement. Novel echocardiographic methods hold promise to help identify those that will benefit from early intervention. Although current therapies are invasive, development of potential medical therapies for CAVD may be on the horizon and will rely on echocardiography to demonstrate efficacy.
String-Level Modeling of Two, Three, and Four Terminal Si-Based Tandem Modules

III–V/Si tandem solar cells have demonstrated efficiencies exceeding the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. On the cell level, device modeling shows that three-terminal tandem (3T) devices with rear contacted bottom Si cells perform as well as operating the subcells independently (4T). However, integrating these 3T devices in a module requires voltage matching of the top and the bottom cell. Here, we investigate the robustness of parallel/series-interconnected 3T III–V/Si tandem devices in comparison with series-interconnected two terminal (2T) and independently operated (4T) devices with respect to spectral, thermal, and resistive effects. Under most conditions, interconnected 3T devices are able to perform as well as those with independent operation of the top and bottom cell, and 3T devices significantly outperform 2T devices.
Carpenter Privacy Case Vexes Justices, While Tech Giant Microsoft Battles Government in Second U.S. Supreme Court Privacy Case with International Implications

Fall 2017 saw a major privacy case with international implications reach the U.S. Supreme Court this term, Carpenter v. United States. Now a second such case pits the Government against Big Tech in United States v. Microsoft. Carpenter is a criminal case involving federal seizure of cell phone location data from service providers. Arising under the “reasonable grounds” provision of the Stored Communications Act (SCA), the case accentuates Americans’ lack of constitutional protection for personal data in third-party hands, in contrast with emerging global privacy norms. The second major privacy case headed for Supreme Court decision in 2018 also arises under the SCA, involves criminal investigation and new technology, and implicates collision between the third-party doctrine and European privacy law. In United States v. Microsoft, however, the implications for international law loom larger.
Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles Via Lipid Nanoprobe-Functionalized Nanostructured Silica Microdevice

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), from clinical plasma samples, have recently been used towards applications of cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring. However, clinical translation has been limited by technical challenges in EV enrichment. Thus, we have reported on the development of a microdevice platform that utilizes dual capture principles for improved EV isolation and enrichment. By utilizing (1) an EV-specific lipid nanoprobe-grafted silica for isolation via EV tethering and (2) EV size-matched nanostructures for isolation via physical trapping, isolation efficiency is increased by nearly three times. Furthermore, this continuous-flow microdevice eliminates plasma protein contaminants by upwards of ~97%.
Enacting Everyday Feminist Collaborations: Reflexive Becoming, Proactive Improvisation, and Co‐Learning Partnerships

We trace back our own multi‐year teaching and writing collaboration in academia to theorize feminist collaboration. Drawing from feminist theories and our autoethnographic reflections, we surface three metaphorical processes that constitute feminist collaboration. We consider feminist collaboration as: (i) reflexive becoming, that is, feminist collaborators constantly make sense of what counts as feminist as the group and context evolve; (ii) proactive improvisation, that is, feminist collaborators collectively strive for everyday transformations within situated constraints; and (iii) co‐learning partnerships, that is, feminist collaborators relate to one another in ways that uphold commitments to reflexivity, equity and care. Enacting these processes are fraught with tensions that intertwine with one another to constrain and enable feminist collaboration. We conclude the article by calling for continued theorization and engagement with feminist collaboration.
Candidate noninfectious disease conditions.

Abstract Important micronutrient deficiencies in at-risk populations can be addressed simultaneously with programmatically cost-effective results. Because of the interaction between many micronutrients, this would also be biologically effective. With adequate investment and political support, the chances of eliminating iodine deficiency as a problem in women of reproductive age and young children and of eliminating vitamin A deficiency as a problem in young children in the future are high. To eliminate iron deficiency and folic-acid-dependent neural tube defects (FADNTDs) in low-income populations, a new set of approaches will have to be developed. These same approaches, if successful, could be used to tackle other important micronutrient deficiencies.
What was visualized? A method for describing content of performance summary displays in feedback interventions.

Visual displays such as charts and tables may significantly moderate the effects of audit and feedback interventions, but the systematic study of these intervention components will likely remain limited without a method for isolating the information content of a visual display from its form elements. The objective of this study is to introduce such a method based on an application of visualization frameworks to enable a systematic approach to answer the question, “What was visualized?” in studies of audit and feedback. The proposed method uses 3 steps to systematically identify and describe the content of visual displays in feedback interventions: 1) identify displays, 2) classify content, and 3) identify elements. The use of a visualization framework led us to identify information content types as representations of measures (metrics or indicators), ascribees (feedback recipients and comparators), performance levels, and time intervals. We illustrate the proposed method in a series of 3 content analyses, one for each step, to identify visual displays and their information content in published example performance summaries. We analyzed a convenience sample of 44 published studies of audit and feedback. Through each step, two coders had good agreement. We identified 42 visual displays of performance, containing 6 unique combinations of content types. What was visualized most commonly in the sample was performance levels across a recipient and comparators (i.e. ascribees) for a single measure and single time interval (n = 16). Content types varied in their inclusion of measures, ascribees, and time intervals. The proposed method appears to be feasible to use as a systematic approach to describing visual displays of performance. The key implication of the method is that it offers more granular and consistent description for empirical, theoretical, and design studies about the information content of feedback interventions.
Aspects of Technology That Influence Athletic Trainers' Current Patient Care Documentation Strategies in the Secondary School.

Context Previous research on athletic trainers' (ATs) documentation practices in the secondary school setting has focused on users of 1 electronic medical record (EMR) platform. These studies have identified that ATs use multiple platforms for documentation, including paper, even when an EMR is available. Objective To examine the documentation practices of ATs who use various forms of patient care documentation, including paper, EMRs, or both. Design Qualitative study. Setting Individual telephone interviews. Patients or other participants Twenty ATs participated in this study: 12 women and 8 men who averaged 38 ± 14 years of age, 15 ± 13 years of clinical experience, and 11 ± 11 years of employment at their current secondary school. Data collection and analysis Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted to gain insight into ATs' documentation practices. Three researchers and 2 auditors inductively coded the transcripts using a consensual qualitative research process that consisted of 4 rounds of consensus coding and determination of data saturation. Trustworthiness was addressed with member checking, multiple-analyst triangulation, and peer review. Results The ATs' documentation practices were largely influenced by technology, organized in 3 themes. Participants' current documentation strategies included the use of both paper and EMRs, as they found different benefits to using each platform. Oftentimes documentation practices were shaped by technological challenges, including unreliable networks, software design problems, and the lack of a streamlined approach. Lastly, participants identified future strategies for improving documentation, including the need for better EMR options and streamlining their individual documentation behaviors. Conclusions Many ATs wanted to incorporate EMRs in their clinical practice but faced challenges when attempting to do so. In turn, clinicians often duplicated documentation or used 2 platforms. Athletic trainers should communicate with administrators to select an EMR that fits their documentation needs and seek resources, such as network access and educational opportunities, to learn how to use EMRs.
When is the sun going to shine for the Brazilian energy sector? A story of how modelling affects solar electricity

Abstract The energy sector has a vital role in climate change mitigation. In Brazil, the electricity generation sector is strongly dependent on hydropower generation, but thermoelectricity contribution has increased leading to a more carbon-intensive electricity mix. This trend will be aggravated with the expected significant increase in the electricity demand until 2050 and with the potential limitation of hydropower generation expansion due to environmental constraints. The extent of the role of solar power to overcome these challenges in the future has been hidden by energy modelling assumptions. A review on how solar energy has been considered in different models, was performed. The research further assessed the relevance of assumptions by developing an optimization model to explore the cost-effectiveness of solar electricity large-scale deployment up to 2050. The work found that most published solar energy assessments based on long-term energy modelling for Brazil currently are not updated regarding several assumptions, leading to models results where solar appears with a marginal role. The energy modeling exercise shows solar PV is cost-effective for Brazil, providing more than 36% of total electricity in 2050. This is a different conclusion from the energy and power modeling exercises conducted until now, where solar deployment has been underestimated.
Examining Prominent Causes of Traffic Injury Severity in Louisiana with Multinomial Logistic Models

Accidents rank third among the top 10 leading causes of death in Louisiana, claiming more than 2,000 lives out of a total of almost 33,000 deaths. Drivers’ characteristics (age and gender), the geo...
Blast-induced temporal alterations in blood-brain barrier properties in a rodent model.

The consequences of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and components of the neurovascular unit are an area of active research. In this study we assessed the time course of BBB integrity in anesthetized rats exposed to a single blast overpressure of 130 kPa (18.9 PSI). BBB permeability was measured in vivo via intravital microscopy by imaging extravasation of fluorescently labeled tracers (40 kDa and 70 kDa molecular weight) through the pial microvasculature into brain parenchyma at 2–3 h, 1, 3, 14, or 28 days after the blast exposure. BBB structural changes were assessed by immunostaining and molecular assays. At 2–3 h and 1 day after blast exposure, significant increases in the extravasation of the 40 kDa but not the 70 kDa tracers were observed, along with differential reductions in the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, zona occluden-1) and increase in the levels of the astrocytic water channel protein, AQP-4, and matrix metalloprotease, MMP-9. Nearly all of these measures were normalized by day 3 and maintained up to 28 days post exposure. These data demonstrate that blast-induced changes in BBB permeability are closely coupled to structural and functional components of the BBB.
Proposition of a Design Methodology for Unsurfaced Gravel Roads’ Layers Based on the Concepts of Elasticity Theory, Soil Mechanics and Pavement Mechanics

This paper proposes a methodology for the structural design of unsurfaced gravel roads’ layers, which was conceived with basis on the concepts of Elasticity Theory, Soil Mechanics and Pavement Mechanics. The methodology includes the definition of the thickness of the wearing course layers, when necessary, to withstand the vertical loads so as to not occur shear failure of one or more layers of the pavement and to minimize rutting. Furthermore, the ability of the surface layer to withstand horizontal stresses is also discussed. The proposal has the characteristic of being of a non-empirical nature, but requiring as experimental parameters only the cohesion and angle of friction of the layers, which can be obtained from triaxial or direct shear tests or, in a more simplified way, from unconfined compression and splitting tensile tests.
Abstract 1999: DIRAS3 induces autophagy and enhances sensitivity to anti-autophagic therapy in KRAS-driven pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas

Mutant KRAS drives human cancers from several sites, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC). Despite the prevalence of RAS mutations in many different cancers, effective RAS-targeted treatment remains a challenge. More than 90% of PDACs are driven by mutant KRAS. Genetic suppression of KRAS or pharmacological inhibition of its effectors, ERK/MAPK, enhances the reliance of PDAC on autophagy that can provide a target for treatment. DIRAS3 (ARHI) is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in pancreatic and ovarian cancers. When re-expressed, DIRAS3 blocks cancer cell proliferation, inhibits motility, and induces autophagy by multiple mechanisms. DIRAS3 inhibits RAS signaling by heterodimerizing directly with KRAS, inhibiting homodimerization of KRAS and disrupting KRAS nanoclustering. In this study, we tested whether inhibiting RAS signaling by re-expressing DIRAS3 would sensitize RAS-driven cancers to autophagy inhibition. Re-expression of DIRAS3 decreased phosphorylation of Erk1/2 (pThr202/Tyr204), inhibiting the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Re-expression of DIRAS3 induced autophagic flux indicated by an increased LC3-mCherry/eGFP ratio. DIRAS3 re-expression decreased LKB1 (pS428) and increased AMPK (pT172) and ULK1 (pS555), suggesting that induction of autophagic flux may be partly mediated by the activation of the energy-sensing LKB1-AMPK1-ULK1 axis following suppression of upstream RAF-MEK-ERK signaling. In addition, we confirmed that DIRAS3-induced autophagy enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to autophagy inhibition as evidenced by decreasing the IC50 of both chloroquine (CQ) and di-chloroquine (DC661) in human KRAS-driven PDAC and LGSOC. The greater potency of DC661, blocking autophagy with an IC50 in the low nanomolar range, should prove more effective for combinatorial therapies in vivo. Citation Format: Gamze Bildik, Joshua P. Gray, Weiqun Mao, Robert C. Bast, Zhen Lu. DIRAS3 induces autophagy and enhances sensitivity to anti-autophagic therapy in KRAS-driven pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1999.
D 2 O Laser Thomson Scattering and Submillimeter Heterodyne Receiver Measurements

The MIT program to develop high power collective Thomson scattering diagnostics will be presented. All elements of a 385 μm D 2 O laser Thomson scattering diagnostic are in place and operational on the Alcator C tokamak. Major components include: a 0.5 MW, 150 ns D 2 O laser; a heterodyne receiver using a corner reflector mounted Schottky diode mixer and a 25 mW, 381 μm DCOOD laser local oscillator; and x-band I.F. electronics including a 32 channel multiplexer filter centered at 9.4 GHz with 80 MHz wide channels. Receiver noise temperatures (not including signal collection optics) of 15,000-20,000 K double sideband (DSB) have been measured for individual filter channels. Additional details of the D 2 O laser, the receiver and the overall implementation of this diagnostic on Alcator C have been described previously [1-3].
A critical story: Western humanism, Jewish humanism, and the case of Melville s Ishmael.

Herman Melville s Moby-Dick: or, The Whale has been at the center of the American Literature canon since the 1920s, when critical work on his biography and artistry began in earnest. Since then, the plot of the novel has woven its way into popular culture: Captain Ahab and the hunt for the White Whale continue to spark adaptations, reworkings, and allusions, while the opening line, "Call me Ishmael," remains one of the most well-known first words in fiction. However, Ishmael both as narrator and character has been primarily the property of academic rather than popular culture. Particularly following F. O. Matthiessen s classic American Renaissance, published in 1941 in the midst of the Nazi aggression, Ishmael has been appropriated by critics intent upon finding in him the figure of resistance to totalitarianism and fulfillment of democratic freedom. Such readings ground their admiring assessments of Ishmael in Western humanist values, both secular and Christian, that fundamentally emphasize the freedom of the self, the triumphant historical progress of human knowledge, and the optimistic image of an ethical humanity. But the Holocaust (the Shoah) effectively marks the final collapse of traditional Western humanism. Jewish thinkers such as George Steiner and Emmanuel Levinas have been reassessing this collapse and its consequences. Both suggest alternative Jewish humanisms that reread Western culture and literature through a "Holocaust hermeneutics" that ethicizes and morally impassions the act of reading, studying, and responding to texts, and that elevates the role of the textual and human Other to one of primacy and priority. Rereading Moby-Dick under Steinerian and Levinasian norms reveals an Ishmael whose dealings with the Other pose troubling ethical questions in a post-Shoah world, and challenges the traditional "Cold War consensus" that makes of Ishmael the American emblem of Western freedom and humanitarianism
Use of a Risk‐Stratification Tool in Identification of Potential Adrenal Suppression Preceding Steroid Injection Therapy in Chronic Pain Patients

Background Patients who present for steroid injections are not routinely screened for potential hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression from previous steroid exposure. Patients often receive various steroid therapies that are not reported by the patient or recorded in available medical records. Yet, HPA axis suppression has been reported with a single intra-articular injection. Methods An IRB-approved quality improvement questionnaire was implemented to comprehensively screen patients for risk of HPA axis suppression secondary to prior and/or concurrent corticosteroid use. This questionnaire was given to adult patients seen in a University Pain Management Clinic, who were being considered for a steroid injection, to define the extent of exposure to corticosteroids either by mouth, topically, inhaled, or systemic/local injection within the past 6 months. Results Two hundred patients completed the questionnaire. Eighty-nine patients (44.5%) screened positive for significant steroid exposure with a screen score of three or above. The average score for the screen positive group was 6.31 ± 3.47 (range 3–22). Women were 1.9 times more likely to screen positive than men (53.4% vs 27.5%, P < 0.0004). Otherwise, the screen positive and screen negative groups were similar in demographic characteristics (age, BMI, and diabetes status). Conclusions Our results suggest that patients receive steroids from many sources and may be at risk for HPA axis suppression. Further testing is necessary to determine if these patients indeed have biochemical evidence of adrenal suppression. Utilization of a screening questionnaire might help identify patients who should be considered for HPA axis testing prior to steroid injections.
A two-dimensional volatility basis set – Part 3: Prognostic modeling and NO x dependence

Abstract. When NOx is introduced to organic emissions, aerosol production is sometimes, but not always, reduced. Under certain conditions, these interactions will instead increase aerosol concentrations. We expanded the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) to include the effects of NOx on aerosol formation. This includes the formation of organonitrates, where the addition of a nitrate group contributes to a decrease of 2.5 orders of magnitude in volatility. With this refinement, we model outputs from experimental results, such as the atomic N : C ratio, organonitrate mass, and nitrate fragments in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements. We also discuss the mathematical methods underlying the implementation of the 2D-VBS and provide the complete code in the Supplement. A developer version is available on Bitbucket, an online community repository.
Semen Analysis: Evidence for Changing Parameters of Male Fertility Potential

Semen analysis was obtained of 386 males and measured for volume of ejaculate and sperm count in millions/ml. Discussion of previous male potential fertility studies through semen analysis is presented. This study found an average volume of 2.83 ml ejaculate and an average sperm concentration of 48 million/ml. The average viable sperm was 77% and the average of abnormal forms was 26%. These sperm counts are considerably lower than in the earlier studies reported (p<.005). The differences were so startling the authors reviewed 400 semen analyses from 1956 to 1958 and found 20% had concentrations greater than 100 million/ml. It is suggested that studies be undertaken to determine whether some factor has significantly altered or influenced the male potential fertility rate.