cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A target fish community to guide river restoration

A method is proposed and demonstrated to specify a fish community to serve as a target for planning river restoration projects and as an endpoint for evaluating programme progress. Our target fish community is appropriate for small rivers in southern New England with basins characterized by dispersed human activities. Our study was part of a multi-agency improvement effort of the Quinebaug River in southern Massachusetts and northeast Connecticut, USA. We identify fish species expected to be found in streams, lakes and river reaches of the Quinebaug River basin. An expected rank order of abundance was computed using fish surveys from rivers identified by restoration programme managers as being in a desirable condition for a human-dominated landscape. The rank order of species was converted to expected community proportions following a theoretical log–log relation between species abundances and occurrences in complex communities. Criteria from a committee of agency and water use representatives were influential in specifying a target community; so the overall method blends policy, objective zoogeography analyses and theory-based parameters of community structure. We believe the use of a target community can be an important element in the design and evaluation of river restoration where the aim cannot be to copy pristine, natural ecosystem properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On generalized hysteretic control queues with modulated input and state dependent service

The authors study M/G/l type queues with modulated bulk input, state dependent batch service, and (r,N)-hysteretic discipline of idle and busy periods. In one of the models, the system has customers, that arrive during start-up periods, join the first servicing batch not in excess of server capacity..The analysis of the models is based on semi-regenerative and first excess level techniques developed by the first author and it yielded explicit formulas for the stationary distribution of the queuing process and other characteristics
The Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction In Pregnancy: A Nursing Perspective

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is a systemic event that can occur after the first dose of penicillin administration during treatment of syphilis. This article presents a case report of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in a woman who was treated for syphilis at 27 weeks gestation. The proposed pathophysiology of the reaction is described, and complications of this reaction during pregnancy are reviewed. Recommendations for the nursing care of women treated for syphilis are provided.
Extractable herpesvirus antigens from chickens with marek's disease

Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) antigens are demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence and micro-immunodiffusion tests in epithelial cells of feather follicles (FF) of chickens infected with GA strain of MDHV; but lymphoid tumor cells are devoid of virus particles and virus-associated antigens. The antigens extracted from virus-containing epithelial cells growing in vivo or in vitro were found to be of a similar nature. Electron microscopy showed that antibody-positive chicken sera caused specific coating of MDHV particles extracted from feather follicular cells. Antigenes du Virus Herpetique Pouvant Gtre Extraits de Poulets Atteints de la Maladie de Marek Les antigenes du virus herpetique de la maladie de Marek (MDHV) peuvent etre mis en evidence par immunofluorescence indirecte et micro-immunodiffusion dans les cellules epitheliales des follicules de plumes de poulets infectes par la souche GA du MDHV; mais les cellules tumorales lymphoides ne contiennent pas de particules virales ni d'antigenes associes au virus. Les antigenes extraits de cellules epitheliales contenant des virus et se developpant in vivo ou in vitro sont de nature analogue. Le microscope electronique a montre que les serums de poulets positifs a l'anticorps provoquent l'apparition d'un revětement specifique sur les particules de MDHV extraites des cellules de follicules de plumes.
A Cluster Analytic Investigation of School Violence Victimization Among Diverse Students

Despite nationwide improvements in school safety, victimization at school continues and affects the well-being of a significant number of students. This study uses the California Healthy Kids Survey, a statewide surveillance instrument administered to students in grades 7, 9, and 11 in California (N = 70,600) to address the multiple victimization experiences of students at school. The authors identify subgroups of students based on victimization experience; assess how perceptions of being targeted due to bias relate to cluster membership; and relate victimization to perceptions of school safety, depression, grades, truancy, and internal assets. Victimization rates are given across grade, gender, and ethnicity. Cluster analysis reveals five victimization subgroups--nonvictims, polyvictims, and victims who are predominantly sexually harassed, predominantly physically victimized, and predominantly teased. Compared to nonvictims, students who are victimized report worse outcomes on measures of psychosocial adjustment, with polyvictims faring the worst. Victims are more likely to perceive that they are targeted due to their gender or perceived sexual orientation. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Aneuploidy Affects Proliferation and Spontaneous Immortalization in Mammalian Cells

Aneuploidy, an incorrect number of chromosomes, is the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans and is a hallmark of cancer. We examined the effects of aneuploidy on primary mouse cells by generating a series of cell lines that carry an extra copy of one of four mouse chromosomes. In all four trisomic lines, proliferation was impaired and metabolic properties were altered. Immortalization, the acquisition of the ability to proliferate indefinitely, was also affected by the presence of an additional copy of certain chromosomes. Our data indicate that aneuploidy decreases not only organismal but also cellular fitness and elicits traits that are shared between different aneuploid cells.
Effects of physical confinement (< 125 nm) on the curing behavior of phenolic resin

How the physical confinement of phenolic resin in nano porous silica (8 nm ≤ pore diameter (Dp) ≤ 125 nm) affected the polymer's curing behavior was examined by conducting differential scanning calorimetry experiments at 320 K ≤ T ≤500 K. Our results suggested that upon incorporating the phenolic resin into the silica, its curing temperature was lowered. However, what was interesting was that there was an inverse linear dependence between the pore size and the curing temperature, i.e., the smaller the pore diameter the higher the curing temperature. There was evidence that phenolic resin was unable to penetrate into 8 nm-sized pores. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Langevin description of Markov master equations II: Noise correlations

In this paper we examine the cumulant properties of generally multiplicative noise of stochastically equivalent stochastic differential equations (SDE) for a given (integro) master equation. For an Ito-SDE we obtain as a necessary consequence that the noisefI(t) possesses a δ-correlated 2-nd order conditioned cumulant 〈fI(t1)fI(t2)|x(t*)=x〉 ift*≦max{t2, t1}. For time points {t1≦t2...≦tn−1=tn} the conditioned cumulants offI(t) of ordern>2 generally contain memory contributions, but vanish iftn−1 1 of the noisefNI(t) generally contain memory contributions which are different from the corresponding possibly non-zero (Ito)-memory terms.
Unsolved Problems of Solar Wind Expansion: Can we Learn Anything from SOHO?

Some of the main problems of solar wind expansion are addressed. Emphasis is placed on solar wind acceleration and the mass flux problem. It is demonstrated how these two properties of the flow depend on other plasma parameters such as temperature, density and helium abundance. The importance of placing constraints on a given solar wind flow in the inner corona and at larger distances from the sun simultaneously, is also shown. Whether and how these constraints can be derived from observations carried out by SOHO instruments is then discussed.
Asymmetries in limb darkening reanalyzed

The cause of the asymmetries in limb darkening reported by Neckel and Labs (1987) is discussed on the basis of new, stray-light-free observations, and found to be of instrumental origin.
CYP26, a Novel Mammalian Cytochrome P450, Is Induced by Retinoic Acid and Defines a New Family

A novel member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, CYP26, which represents a new family of cytochrome P450 enzymes, has been cloned. CYP26 mRNA is up-regulated during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro and is transiently expressed by embryonic stem cells undergoing predominantly non-neural differentiation. CYP26 transcript is detectable as early as embryonic day 8.5 in mouse embryos, suggesting a function for the gene in early development. CYP26 is expressed in mouse and human liver, as expected for a cytochrome P450, and is also expressed in regions of the brain and the placenta. Acute administration of 100 mg/kg all-trans-RA increases steady-state levels of transcript in the adult liver, but not in the brain. CYP26 is highly homologous to a Zebrafish gene, CYPRA1, which has been proposed to participate in the degradation of RA, but is minimally homologous to other mammalian cytochrome P450 proteins. Thus, we report the cloning of a member of a novel cytochrome P450 family that is expressed in mammalian embryos and in brain and is induced by RA in the liver.
Effect's of hma, an analog of amiloride, on the thermosensitivity of tumors in vivo

Abstract Purpose: The effects of HMA (3-amino-6-chloro-5-(1-homopiperidyl)-N-(diaminomethylene)pyrazinecarboxamide), an analog of amiloride, on the intracellular pH (pHi) of SCK tumor cells in vitro and on the thermosensitivity of tumors in vivo were investigated. Methods and Materials: The pHi of SCK tumor cells in vitro was measured with the BCECF fluorescence spectroscopy method. The effect of HMA on the thermosensitivity of SCK tumors grown SC in the legs of A/J mice was assessed by the tumor growth delay method and the in vivo-in vitro excision assay method. Results: The pHi of SCK tumor cells in pH 7.5 and 6.6 medium was about 7.50 and 7.15, respectively. The presence of 10–50 μM of HMA lowered the pHi by 0.1–0.2 pH units both in pH 7.5 and 6.6 medium. Heating at 43°C for 120 min lowered the pHi by 0.2 and 0.3 pH units in pH 7.5 and 6.6 medium, respectively. When the cells were heated in the presence of 10–50 μM HMA, a marked decline in pHi occurred and the decline in pHi resulting from the combination of heat and HMA was more pronounced in pH 6.6 medium than in pH 7.5 medium. Heating the SCK tumors grown SC in the legs of A/J mice at 43.5°C for 1 h resulted in a growth delay of 3.7 days. When the host mice were IV injected with 0.1 mg/kg of HMA and the tumors were heated 20 min later, the tumor growth was delayed by 8.2 days, which was 4.5 days longer than that by heating alone. Heating the SCK tumor at 42.5°C for 1 h caused a tumor growth delay of 0.9 days. An IV injection of 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of HMA prior to heating at h42.5°C for 1 h caused a tumor growth delay 2.1 and 3.1 days longer, respectively, than that by heating alone. Such an enhancement: of heat-induced tumor growth delay by HMA was due to increased cell killing, as determined with the in vivo-in vitro excision assay of clonogenic cells in the tumors. Conclusion: HMA is a potent thermosensitizer, particularly in an acidic environment. Thermosensitization by HMA may occur preferentially in tumors relative to normal tissues since the intratumor environment is acidic.
An exploration of discussion threads in social news sites: a case study of the Reddit community

Social news and content aggregation Web sites have become massive repositories of valuable knowledge on a diverse range of topics. Millions of Web-users are able to leverage these platforms to submit, view and discuss nearly anything. The users themselves exclusively curate the content with an intricate system of submissions, voting and discussion. Furthermore, the data on social news Web sites is extremely well organized by its user-base, which opens the door for opportunities to leverage this data for other purposes just like Wikipedia data has been used for many other purposes. In this paper we study a popular social news Web site called Reddit. Our investigation looks at the dynamics of its discussion threads, and asks two main questions: (1) to what extent do discussion threads resemble a topical hierarchy? and (2) Can discussion threads be used to enhance Web search? We show interesting results for these questions on a very large snapshot several sub-communities of the Reddit Web site. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results and suggest ways by which social news Web site's can be used to perform other tasks.
Contractions and hamiltonian line graphs

A l'aide de la methode de contraction, on determine la meilleure condition possible portant sur le degre minimum pour qu'un graphe denue de triangle soit un sous-graphe eulerien de recouvrement
Long-term corneal keratoctye deficits after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis

Results: After PRK, keratocyte density in the anterior stroma was decreased by 39%, 42%, 45%, and 47% at 6 months, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively (P < .001). At 5 years, keratocyte density was decreased by 20% to 24% in the posterior stroma (P < .05). After LASIK, keratocyte density in the stromal flap was decreased by 22% at 6 months (P < .02) and 37% at 5 years (P < .005). Keratocyte density in the anterior retroablation zone was decreased 18% (P < .005) at 1 year and 43% (P < .005) at 5 years. At 5 years, keratocyte density was decreased by 19% to 22% (P < .05) in the posterior stroma. Conclusions: Keratocyte density is decreased in the anterior stroma after PRK and in the stromal flap and the retroablation zone after LASIK for up to 5 years. Posterior stromal keratocyte deficits are first noted at 5 years. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2005;103:56-68
Optimum linear adaptive design of dominant-type systems with large parameter variations

This paper presents a significant improvement over the hitherto available linear dominant system design techniques for guaranteeing system response within prescribed bounds, despite large plant parameter variations. Noteworthy features of the new technique are as follows. 1) The mapping of the plant parameter space into the closed-loop system space is exact and permits application to a much wider and more realistic class of problems than previously possible. 2) It is shown how the loop transmission bandwidth may be made very much smaller than in the previous designs, thus considerably extending the applicability of the dominant approach because of its drastically reduced sensitivity to internal noise.
Tumor oxygenation status as a prognostic marker

Tumor oxygenation status is an independent prognostic indicator in cancer because it influences tumor progression and treatment outcome. Its quantitative value is determined by a number of tumor vascular parameters such as microvascular density, blood flow, blood volume, blood oxygen saturation, tumor tissue pO2, and resistance to oxygen diffusion within the tumor. Over the past several years, considerable time and effort have been invested into developing techniques to effectively and reliably measure the oxygenation status of a tumor. The measurement and interpretation of data obtained with currently available methods is complicated by the heterogeneity in tumor oxygenation. Currently available techniques can be broadly classified into direct invasive methods, direct non-invasive methods, and measurement of surrogate endogenous markers of tumor oxygenation. Of these methods, the Eppendorf pO2 histograph is considered the 'gold standard' and even so has several limitations. Given the importance of tumor oxygenation status in therapy and in predicting disease progression, it is imperative that reliable, globally usable, and technically simplistic methods be developed to yield a consistent, comprehensive, and reliable profile of tumor oxygenation. Until newer more reliable techniques are developed, existing independent techniques or appropriate combinations of techniques should be optimized and validated using known endpoints in tumor oxygenation status and/or treatment outcomes.
Metamaterials with gradient negative index of refraction

We propose a new metamaterial with a gradient negative index of refraction, which can focus a collimated beam of light coming from a distant object. A slab of the negative refractive index metamaterial has a focal length that can be tuned by changing the gradient of the negative refractive index. A thin metal film pierced with holes of appropriate size or spacing between them can be used as a metamaterial with the gradient negative index of refraction. We use finite-difference time-domain calculations to show the focusing of a plane electromagnetic wave passing through a system of equidistantly spaced holes in a metal slab with decreasing diameters toward the edges of the slab.
Vasopressin Associated With an Increase in Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Acidotic Cardiopulmonary Arrest Patients.

Background: During respiratory and metabolic acidosis, the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine may be blunted, whereas the response to vasopressin remains unchanged. The impact of this effect during advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) remains unclear. Objective: Determine if vasopressin therapy in combination with epinephrine was associated with improved outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest compared to epinephrine alone. The primary outcome was difference in rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Secondary outcomes included evaluation of rates of ROSC for patients with an initial pH <7.2 and by initial pulseless rhythm. Methods: Single-center, retrospective review conducted from July 2010 to July 2012. Patients ≥18 years of age with documented cardiac arrest requiring ACLS and vasopressor therapy were included. Results: A total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria. There was no difference in rate of ROSC (56% vs 60%, P = 0.68) or survival to hospital discharge (9% vs 5%, P = 0.46) be...
Resilient and efficient MANET aerial communications for search and rescue applications

The ability of first-responders to react to the aftermath of natural disasters depends heavily on receiving accurate, real-time data about the structures that may have been affected. Because transportation infrastructure may be unusable, aerial assessments are the gold standard by which such assessments are performed. The advent of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and autonomous aircraft represents a unique opportunity to allow for rapid response, while minimizing the cost of deployment and increasing reliability and operator safety. This paper describes the key challenges to implement fault-tolerant and efficient deployments of collaborative autonomous aircraft to increase operational reliability and performance when performing aerial sensing and assessment. Some challenges are introduced by mobility, such as wireless communication, group navigation, and data collection. Security also represents a challenge during the operation of the MANET. We consider the effects of limited resources (e.g., real-time processing power, battery packs) available on the aircraft. By understanding both the application context and the resource availability, networked aircraft can reorganize to ensure resiliency for the mission if a resource failure occurs within the network.
Improved communication and teamwork through use of Myers-Briggs type indicator

A case study where Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was utilized to improve communication in a team setting is discussed. The basic ideas of personality type are used to illustrate how awareness and appreciation of personality differences allow for improved communication, resulting in increased production and higher morale.
Vertical and seasonal variation in the δ13C of leaf-respired CO2 in a mixed conifer forest

The C-isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of leaf respiration (δLR) has previously been shown to vary among functional groups, plant organs and times of day. We here investigated vertical and seasonal variation in δLR through deep (~35 m) forest canopies. We measured δLR, δ 13 C of leaf bulk organic matter (δLB), specific leaf area, net photosynthesis ( A) and dark respiration in shade, middle and sun foliage in four conifer species from May to August. We used Keeling plots to estimate δLR; we developed a novel technique for ensuring that the respiratory substrate was not changing over the course of the measurement. Variables δLR and δLB displayed a vertical pattern in Abies grandis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Thuja plicata, but were independent of canopy position in Larix occidentalis. Vertical gradients in δLB (3.6‰) and δLR (2.8‰) were similar. The respiratory enrichment (δLR–δLB) was smaller in expanding (3‰) than mature (4–8‰) foliage. There was a linear relationship between the respiratory enrichment and A. Our data support the hypothesis that δLR values are related to patterns of C allocation among metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that considerable variation in δLR occurs vertically through the canopy (3‰ gradient) and seasonally (3–7‰). Understanding sources of variation in respiratory signals is fundamental to comprehending C dynamics and for global model applications.
One Man Band: A 3D Gestural Interface for Collaborative Music Creation

In recent years the popularity of music and rhythm-based games has experienced tremendous growth. However, almost all of these games require custom hardware to be used as input devices, and these devices control only one or two similar instruments. In this paper we describe One Man Band, a prototype video game for musical expression that uses novel 3D spatial interaction techniques using accelerometer-based motion controllers. One Man Band provides users with 3D gestural interfaces to control both the timing and sound of the music played, with both single and collaborative player modes. We further investigate the ability to detect different musical gestures without explicit selection of mode, giving the user the ability to seamlessly transition between instrument types with a single input device.
Age at Natural Menopause and Cause-specific Mortality

Several studies have suggested that a young age at menopause may be associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Few studies have examined the influence of age at menopause on specific causes of death other than coronary heart disease. Data from a prospective cohort study of US adults were used to examine the relation between age at natural menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women who never used hormone replacement therapy, who never smoked, and who experienced natural menopause between the ages of 40 and 54 years. After 20 years of follow-up between 1982 and 2002, 23,067 deaths had occurred among 68,154 women. Results from Cox proportional hazards models showed that all-cause mortality rates were higher among women who reported that menopause occurred at age 40-44 years compared with women who reported that menopause occurred at age 50-54 years (rate ratio (RR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.08). This increased risk was largely due to higher mortality rates from coronary heart disease (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.18), respiratory disease (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.39), genitourinary disease (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.82), and external causes (RR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.02). These findings suggest that mortality from other diseases, as well as coronary heart disease, may contribute to the increased mortality associated with a younger age at menopause.
1 &#181;m MOSFET VLSI technology: Part VII&#8212;Metal silicide interconnection technology&#8212;A future perspective

A major limitation of polycrystalline silicon as a gate material for VLSI applications is its limited conductivity which restricts its usefulness as an interconnection level. An alternative approach which combines a doped polycrystalline silicon layer with a high-conductivity metal silicide such as WSi 2 (polycide) is described. Such polycide layers are demonstrated to provide at least an order of magnitude improvement in interconnection resistance relative to polycrystalline silicon while maintaining the reliability of the polycrystalline silicon gate and the ability to form passivating oxide layers under typical polycrystalline silicon processing conditions.
Performance characteristics of a new shape of guiding catheter for PTCA of the left coronary artery.

The inability to successfully perform angioplasty commonly involves inadequate guiding catheter performance. We evaluated the use of a new left coronary guiding catheter for angioplasty (PTCA) of lesions in both the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries. The Nesto™ guide in two different sizes was used in 100 consecutive PTCA cases as a primary catheter. The catheter successfully cannulated the left main coronary artery in 93 patients and PTCA was successfully performed in 85 patients for target lesions at various locations in either or both vessels. Positive features of this new guiding catheter include superior back-up support and ease of disengagement.
A 9-Gbit/s Serial Transceiver for On-Chip Global Signaling Over Lossy Transmission Lines

A 9-Gbit/s serial link transceiver for on-chip global signaling, and techniques for the design of on-chip transmission lines, are presented. In a prototype device, a transmitter serializes 8-b 1.125-Gbyte/s parallel data and transmits serial data over a 5.8-mm lossy on-chip transmission line. A receiver de-serializes the received data with the help of a digitally tuned interpolator. An on-chip lossy transmission line scheme is described. In the prototype, self-test circuitry verifies the recovered, de-serialized data against the original data and counts the number of discrepancies. The prototype transceiver, implemented in 0.13-mum 8-metal CMOS, achieves 9 Gbit/s with pre-defined data patterns.
Classic neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in a competitive Swimmer : a true scalenus anticus syndrome

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by compression of the lower brachial plexus usually by a cervical rib or a fibrous band. We describe a 16-year-old girl with weakness and wasting of her right hand, which progressed over the ensuing years. She had been a competitive long distance freestyle and butterfly swimmer since age 8 years. A neurological exam at age 20, revealed severe atrophy and weakness of all intrinsic right hand muscles, more so of the thenar muscles, and hypesthesia along the ulnar aspect of the hand and forearm. EMG, which showed a severe chronic axon loss lower trunk brachial plexopathy with minimal fibrillations, was typical for classic neurogenic TOS. Chest and cervical spine X-rays and MRI of the cervical spine were normal. A supraclavicular exploration confirmed the absence of a cervical rib or band. The lower trunk was thickened under the scalenus anticus which was sectioned. Neurolysis was also done. She was advised to abandon swimming. A clinical and EMG follow-up 2.5 years later showed no significant changes. This is the first case of true neurogenic TOS caused by scalenus anticus compression occurring in a competitive swimmer.
Photo induced refractive index changes in two-mode elliptical core fibers: Applications

Abstract Photoinduced refractive-index gratings are shown toaffect the differential phase modulation between the LP and LP11 modes copropagating within the core of a germanium-doped, (Ge-doped) two-mode, elliptical-core(e-core) fiber. The beat length of fibers containing such gratings is shown to vary as a function of strain applied to thefiber, leading to a new type of weighted optical fiber sensor whose sensitivity varies as a function of length along the structure to which it is attached or embedded. This novel type of spatially-weighted, distributed fiber sensor is shown experimentally to function as an efficient vibration mode filter by enhancing either the first or second mode of a thin, cantilever beam. These results support future applications of spatially-weighted/distributed optical fiber sensors for the evaluation and control of vibrating structures. I. Introduction The photosensitivity of Ge-doped optical fibers tointense Argon-ion laser light was discovered by Hill and colleagues in 1978 when when they formed Bragg gratings in
The Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS

The impact of HIV-1 on Africa has been devastating, and the number of people already infected with HIV means that its impact will inevitably worsen in coming decades. However, the lessons learned from the successful responses to this problem, which have resulted in sustained reductions in HIV prevalence in some areas, demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the spread of the epidemic and to mitigate its impact. To do so requires comprehensive responses that take account not only of the heterogeneity of the epidemic but the complex social, population, and biologic dynamics that determine the course of the epidemic.
THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF INSECTS

Every effort to render the present hotch-potch of Entomological names more correct and elegant is welcome to students of the Natural Sciences whose knowledge of the classic tongues is sufficient to render the ear sensitive to the grating jargon of many of our so-called Latin terms. I was therefore pleased to see Mr. Hulst's article in a late number of the Canadian Entomologist. He has raised one point that has been little noticed, but well deserves attention.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia is a relatively recently recognized entity. It was first discussed in detail by Dacie et al, in 1953,1 and by 1960 over 60 cases had been reported.2 Motulsky et al.3 noted increased 2,3-DPG levels in several patients with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. De Gruchy et al.2 described seven cases; three were designated type II according to the classification of Selwyn and Dacie4 in that autohemolysis was increased and not corrected by glucose. Finding that the red cell ATP levels were reduced and that autohemolysis was corrected by the addition of exogenous ATP, the authors proposed: ... most likely... the destruction of the red cells in this disorder is related to a defect in glycolysis which results in an impairment of energy production and thus in an impairment of structural integrity; this in turn results in premature destruction of the red cells by the normal mechanisms of destruction.
An Impact Assessment Model for Web-Based Time Banks - A Thought-Experiment in the Operationalization of Social Capital

The following paper is meant to be practical, in that it offers an impact assessment model for web-based time banks that was produced as a consultancy project deliverable; and academic, in that it offers a thought-experiment about the measurement of social capital and its association with sustainable development. As the development field continues to transition towards sustainable models that include social variables, innovative impact assessment tools are needed to fully understand the role of these variables for planning and investment. Web-based time banks ‐ online networks that members exchange services by using an alternative currency in the form of time ‐ offer an opportunity to look at the operationalization of social variables in a unique way, particularly social capital and its relationship to economic development. The impact assessment model seeks to answer: how do time banks as a development intervention augment the social capital of communities? The model was designed based on three dimensions of social capital, psychological, social and economic, and Edgar Cahn’s theory of coproduction. The model contributes to the economic valuation of time bank participation through the metrics: Market Value Savings and Economic Risk of Participation.
Ben Sira's Relationship to the Priesthood

Ben Sira's view of the cult and his relationship to the priesthood are issues which have received much attention from scholars, yet there is no consensus on either question. Most critics cannot escape from the conclusion that Ben Sira had at least an interest in cult and priesthood. Some have argued that he harbored even a domineering interest in cultic worship, but others, like R. Smend and R. Pfeiffer, are ambivalent: they claim on the one hand that Ben Sira had an intense interest in things cultic, but on the other that he kept “a meaningful distance” from the cult (Pfeiffer). In other words, though his interest was intense, the ritual itself really meant very little to Ben Sira. The contradiction in this statement is evident. In a recent monograph, J. Marbock argued that although Ben Sira had a personal love for temple ceremony, he attributed to cultic law and ritual a very subordinate position. J. G. Snaith has made similar claims about Ben Sira's view of the cult.
Processing of silicon carbide fiber with controlled stoichiometry using polymethylsilane, -[MeSiH]x(-)

Polymethylsilane (-[MeSiH]x-) synthesized from a single step catalytic polymerization of methylsilane (MeSiH3), provides a new route to near stoichiometric, microcrystalline silicon carbide fibers. The final composition is controlled by selected additives. The entire process simply contains 3 simple steps: (1) a single step synthesis of polymer precursor, (2) precursor fiber spinning, and (3) a single step pyrolytic conversion to target ceramic fibers.
Determination of Uranium in Soil Samples by Flow Injection-ICP-MS

A rapid on-line separation and preconcentration method for the determination of uranium in soil was developed by flow injection multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(FI-MC-ICP-MS) using 233U as spike for the isotope dilution analysis.The on-line separation was based on uranium adsorption on UTEVA resin.The absorbed uranium was eluted with 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl and directly introduced into MC-ICP-MS for measuring uranium isotopes.The method was examined by determining the uranium in soil standard reference materials.The results are in good agreement with the certified values.The limits of detection of 238U and 235U are 5.4×10-9 g and 5.7×10-11 g.
Amplitude modulation detection with concurrent frequency modulation

Human speech consists of concomitant temporal modulations in amplitude and frequency that are crucial for speech perception. In this study, amplitude modulation (AM) detection thresholds were measured for 550 and 5000 Hz carriers with and without concurrent frequency modulation (FM), at AM rates crucial for speech perception. Results indicate that adding 40 Hz FM interferes with AM detection, more so for 5000 Hz carrier and for frequency deviations exceeding the critical bandwidth of the carrier frequency. These findings suggest that future cochlear implant processors, encoding speech fine-structures may consider limiting the FM to narrow bandwidth and to low frequencies.
Photoinduced Crystallization and Activation of Amorphous Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most common photosensitive materials used in photocatalysis, solar cells, self-cleaning coatings, and sunscreens. Although the crystalline TiO2 phases such as anatase and rutile are well-known to be photoactive, whether amorphous TiO2 is active in photocatalytic reactions is still controversial. Here we show that amorphous TiO2 prepared by the commonly used sol–gel method of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis is active in photocatalytic water reduction and methylene blue oxidation under the irradiation of a xenon lamp. The amorphous TiO2 gains photoactivity after an induction period of approximately an hour, suggesting that phase transition is involved. Using an extensive series of microscopic and spectroscopic analyses, we further show that the photoinduced crystallization by amorphous TiO2 forms a nanometer-thin layer of rutile nanocrystallites under the irradiation in the middle ultraviolet range. The resulting core–shell nanoparticles have a bandgap of 3.3 eV and are ...
Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Agricultural Application

For remote sensing applications in agriculture, multitemporal analysis is particularly important for crop-specific mapping, crop yield estimation, and crop phenology monitoring. This article provides a review of multitemporal data analysis for these agricultural applications. We first describe concepts and techniques of time-series data smoothing—a key preprocessing step used for many multitemporal remote sensing analyses. We then review published studies on crop-specific mapping, crop yield estimation, and crop phenology detection, mainly those of using time-series advanced very-high resolution radiometer and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data. Finally, we use a case study to demonstrate the development of high-frequency time-series data at 30 m spatial resolution using Landsat 5 and 7 images. The case study was designed for grassland mapping and phenology detection.
Lateral energy transfer in thin film quantum dot induced via plasmonic effects

C quantum dots (QDs) offer appealing features, such as narrow emission spectra, tunabilitiy, and high quantum yields. These features have made such nanocrystals prime candidates for various applications including fluorescence probes for imaging, biomolecular applications, light emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, etc. Significant research is underway to improve fluorescence efficiency of such QDs using metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Our recent findings in regard to the impact of plasmons on the emission of close packed colloidal CdSe/ZnS QDs have shown that MNPs can enhance interdot Forster energy transfer in monodisperse QD thin films, driving lateral flow of energy across the films. This forms regions in the thin films with high exciton concentrations, corresponding to the locations of QDs with large core sizes. The plasmonically driven lateral energy flow can also create regions with depleted exciton populations, as excitons are efficiently removed from QDs with small core sizes. In this contribution we discuss how such enhanced lateral energy transfer happens via the balance generated between the plasmonically renormalized radiative and non-radiative decay rates of excitons in QDs once they are in the vicinity of MNPs. As a result, although in monodisperse QDs the transition energies caused by their size variations are distributed over a narrow range; plasmonic effects can induce efficient interdot Forster energy transfer through them.
Biliary Atresia: From Pathology to Treatment

Biliary atresia is a rare disease of infancy with an estimated incidence in Europe of 1 in 15,000–19,000. The disease onset is confined to the neonatal period, and there is no equivalent liver disease outside of this period. It affects all races and ethnic groups, although black mothers are 2.5 times more likely to have a baby with biliary atresia than other ethnic groups. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia is unknown; and research to further understand the underlying mechanisms of its development is disadvantaged by the rarity of disease and lack of correlation between human and animal models. A remarkable medical achievement has been the Kasai portoenterostomy surgical procedure, which along with liver transplantation (when necessary) has increased survival into adulthood with a good quality of life.
Laudato Si and the Role of Religion in Shaping Humanity's Response to Climate Change

There are many ways in which people have sought to make climate change personally salient and actionable through self-interest, such as national security and human health. But the Pope’s recent encyclical letter, Laudato Si’ has elevated the importance of religious morality as a motivator. It’s a bold appeal to reevaluate our worldviews, values and spiritual beliefs and elevate climate change and the broad sweep of environmental issues beyond that of strictly an “environmental issue,” a label that has ghettoized the issue as one that is associated with a liberal environmental movement. When people hear the message to address climate change and protect the environment from the church, mosque, synagogue or temple, it will have far more power to motivate action than a regulatory or economic message ever will. Religion, unlike any other institutional force in society, has the power to directly influence our values and beliefs. And at this particular moment in our human existence on earth – the epoch of the Anthropocene – this religious voice is all the more important. A proper response to the Anthropocene Era calls for a new set of values and beliefs about our relationship with the environment, with each other and for many, with God.
Designing user experiences for policymakers in serious games in the domain of global food security

Policymakers face complex tradeoffs in their efforts to achieve global food security. One way to better understand tradeoffs of alternative interventions may come from practicing in simulated environments in a participatory fashion. Serious games employing agent-based simulation have been designed to practice individual and group decision-making in complex domains such as healthcare and sustainability, but often lack clear representation of data and workflow to users. The work herein describes the design of the user experience (UX) and a series of user interfaces (UI) for a serious game to address issues surrounding global food security. Per the design of the user experience, participants work together to invest in a series of projects over the course of four rounds to improve the capacity for food and nutrition in their continental region. Distinct UIs were designed for program officers (environment, agriculture, and health) as well as regional directors. The design focused upon four specific considerations: indicators to tie individual projects to pertinent data, hierarchical and multi-level representation of data, adaptable means of communication for the different player roles, and appropriately detailed feedback. The design was preliminarily tested with heuristics experts and a cohort of students before the game was officially played in the field at eight global sites as the 2017 NASPAA-Batten Student Simulation Competition.
Crafting Mass Dairy Production: Immigration and Community in Rural America

In many parts of rural America, agrofood producers compete for a larger share of global markets by mechanizing, deskilling, and flexibly relocating to reduce labor costs. They recruit new immigrant workers but sow transience rather than sustainable rural growth. The industrialization of U.S. dairy farming appears to be aligned with these processes, and yet the large-scale dairy farmers who have replaced small craft producers face a paradox: The more they rationalize production on their farms, the more vulnerable their herds become to stress and illness, compromising production. Focusing on three competing dairies in Kansas, I examine how farmers variously organize work among immigrant employees to promote herd health while expanding their operations. Evidence from 22 months of ethnographic research and repeated interviews with farm owners, managers, employees, and extension agents suggests that enhancing production requires promoting employee citizenship at work—especially among immigrant employees possessing the fewest citizenship rights outside of work. In contrast to the high labor turnover endemic to other forms of industrialized food production, the distinctive human-animal relations central to dairying encourage farm owners and employees to cooperate, with promising results for farms and rural communities.
Synthesis of Copolymers of m-Diisopropenylbenzene and m- Dimethoxybenzene

The polymerization of diisopropenylbenzenes (DIPB’s) was first reported over 25 years ago. As opposed to free radical initiated polymerizations, which produce cross-linked gels ionic initiated polymerizations produce soluble (uncrosslinked) polymer. Anioic techniques, for examples, can produce linear polymer in which only on unsaturation of each DIPB is consumed. The aromatic ring of each pendant group thus carries an unreacted isopropenyl group.1
Myocardial Perfusion Reserve Index in Children With Kawasaki Disease.

Background Coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) can impair myocardial perfusion, yet evaluation of perfusion defects by cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) in children is often qualitative. Purpose In this study we aimed to use a quantitative method of myocardial perfusion using stress cardiac MR-derived myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) in children with KD and compare MPRI with ventricular mechanical performance evaluated by cardiac MR strain analysis. Study type This study was a retrospective review. Subjects Twenty-one children with a diagnosis of KD who underwent stress perfusion cardiac MR were compared with nine controls. Field strength/sequence First-pass perfusion imaging using a T1 -weighted gradient echo sequence was performed at rest and stress after administration of adenosine with 1.5T or 3T magnets. Assessment The MPRI was calculated as the ratio of maximum slope of myocardial enhancement during stress compared to rest and was evaluated with the American Heart Association 17 segment model. Statistical tests Demographic and clinical characteristics among KD patients and controls were compared using Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, Wilcoxon-rank sum test for nonnormally distributed variables, and χ2 for categorical variables. Results There was a significant decrease in MPRI in Segment 7 (1.53 vs. 2.23, P = 0.0058) in KD patients compared with controls. The reduction in MPRI in Segment 12 approached statistical significance (1.58 vs. 2.31, P = 0.0636). Three patients who underwent serial studies had decreased MPRI longitudinally. No differences were seen in circumferential or radial strain. Data conclusion MPRI shows impaired myocardial perfusion in patients with KD. MPRI can change over time, suggestive of progressive coronary artery changes, which may precede fibrosis and mechanical decline. MPRI can assess segmental and global perfusion defects in patients with KD and should be a part of routine cardiac MR evaluation in KD. Level of evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.