cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Midlife Work Pathways and Educational Entry

This study examines how work pathways intersect with the pursuit of education andvocational training at midlife. The authors link two waves of the National Survey ofFamilies and Households (NSFH) to focus on respondents ages 42 to 62 at the secondwave (1992-94; n = 3,417). First, they differentiate work pathways by examiningsequences of employment and nonemployment or unemployment spells. It is foundthat initial inequalities in educational attainment are amplified and increase over thelife course, in a nonlinear manner. Work discontinuity is significantly related to poorhealth, lack of pensions, and life trajectories marked by low socioeconomic status.Gender, race, and life-course events also influence work mobility. In turn, educationalreentry and training at midlife are associated with resources, work pathway type, andearly educational achievement. The interdependence of work pathways and midlifeeducational reentry patterns may further differentiate the trajectories between workand retirement in future ...
Another Nail in the Plume Coffin

At least one chain of hot-spot volcanoes is not caused by a plume rising up from the core-mantle boundary, calling for a reexamination of the plume hypothesis.
Transformation of siphon responses during conditioning of Aplysia suggests a model of primitive stimulus-response association

Abstract A semi-intact preparation was used to study the effects of classical conditioning on the type of siphon response elicited by a conditioned stimulus to the mantle of Aplysia. Five pairings of the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to nerves from the tail transformed the constricting alpha response of the siphon into a conditioned flaring response resembling the unconditioned response to stimulation of the tail nerves. Although some pseudoconditioning occurred, an associative component was indicated by the significantly greater incidence of flaring responses after paired training than after unpaired presentations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus or the unconditioned stimulus alone. Previously described cellular plasticity in the underlying neural circuits suggests a testable model based on cell-wide rather than synapse-specific mechanisms, which can account for specific conditioned responses. In this model, effective stimulus-response associations are produced by a concatenation of stimulus-specific facilitation of sensory neurons (a mechanism for alpha conditioning) and response-specific facilitation of motor neurons (a mechanism for pseudoconditioning).
Dorsal Horn α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Trafficking in Inflammatory Pain

Activation of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and its intracellular downstream signals in dorsal horn neurons of spinal cord contribute to central sensitization, a mechanism that underlies the development and maintenance of pain hypersensitivity in persistent pain. However, the molecular process of this event is not understood completely. Recently, new studies suggest that peripheral inflammatory insults drive changes in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit trafficking via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-triggered activation of protein kinases in dorsal horn and raise the possibility that such changes might contribute to central sensitization in persistent pain. This review presents current evidence regarding the changes that occur in the trafficking of dorsal horn alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 under persistent inflammatory pain conditions and discusses the potential mechanisms by which such changes participate in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Simulations of Ground Vibration Generated by High-Speed Trains and Engineering Countermeasures:

In this paper we discuss the benefits of using rubber-modified asphalt concrete in high-speed railway foundations. We present the results from a series of three-dimensional finite element simulatio...
Flow‐Enabled Self‐Assembly of Large‐Scale Aligned Nanowires

One-dimensional nanowires enable the realization of optical and electronic nanodevices that may find applications in energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, large-scale aligned DNA nanowires were crafted by flow-enabled self-assembly (FESA). The highly oriented and continuous DNA nanowires were then capitalized on either as a template to form metallic nanowires by exposing DNA nanowires that had been preloaded with metal salts to an oxygen plasma or as a scaffold to direct the positioning and alignment of metal nanoparticles and nanorods. The FESA strategy is simple and easy to implement and thus a promising new method for the low-cost synthesis of large-scale one-dimensional nanostructures for nanodevices.
Sex Ratios in Two Strains of Leghorns and Their Reciprocal Crosses

Abstract INTRODUCTION IT HAS been theorized that the effects of deleterious sex-linked genes may be responsible for differential embryonic mortality between the sexes in mammals (Lenz, 1923; Huxley, 1924). Since the female is the heterogametic sex in Aves, the expectation under this hypothesis is that greater female embryonic mortality would occur. Later, Riddle (1931) proposed the metabolic theory of sex. According to this theory, males are more apt to suffer a greater embryonic mortality rate than females. The viewpoints of Landauer and Landauer (1931) and MacArthur and Baillie (1932) support this latter theory. In chickens, Mussehl (1924), Lambert and Knox (1926), MacArthur and Baillie (1932), Dudley and Hindhaugh (1939), and others, observed sex ratios 2 which favored males in some stocks, whereas Callenbach (1929), Byerly and Jull (1935), and Hazel and Lamoreux (1946) found slight deficiencies of male chicks at hatching in other stocks. Landauer and Landauer (1931) combined the figures reported …
Pairing devices for social interactions: a comparative usability evaluation

When users wish to establish wireless radio communication between/among their devices, the channel has to be bootstrapped first. The process of setting up a secure communication channel between two previously unassociated devices is referred to as "Secure Device Pairing". The focus of prior research on this topic has mostly been limited to "personal pairing" scenarios, whereby a single user controls both the devices. In this paper, we instead consider "social pairing" scenarios, whereby two different users establish pairing between their respective devices. We present a comprehensive study to identify methods suitable for social pairing, and comparatively evaluate the usability and security of these methods. Our results identify methods best-suited for users, in terms of efficiency, error-tolerance and of course, usability. Our work provides insights on the applicability and usability of methods for emerging social pairing scenarios, a topic largely ignored so far.
On computational issues of immersed finite element methods

The objective of this paper is to provide a review of recent finite element formulations for immersed methods. In these finite element formulations, independent Lagrangian solid meshes are introduced to move on top of a background Eulerian fluid mesh. This key feature allows the handling, without excessive fluid mesh adaptation, multiple deformable solids immersed in viscous fluid. In particular, pros and cons of both explicit and implicit approaches are illustrated along with subtle differences between incompressible and slightly compressible models.
Some biochemical properties of Chinese hamster cells sensitive and resistant to actinomycin D.

A graded series of drug-resistant Chinese hamster sublines has been examined for biochemical changes accompanying resistance to actinomycin D. The most highly resistant subline, DC-3F/AD X, is maintained at 10 µg/ml of the antibiotic. It was shown that over 250 times more actinomycin D is required to inhibit RNA synthesis in this subline than in the parental DC-3F line. The DC-3F/AD X subline was also shown to have a somewhat reduced capacity to transport uridine as compared to parental cells. Sensitive cells took up over 50 times more tritiated antibiotic than the most resistant cells, as determined in a 1-h assay. Uptake of actinomycin D was shown to be temperature-dependent in both resistant and sensitive cells and was not influenced by various metabolic inhibitors. Resistance could not be explained by a rapid uptake and release of the antibiotic, as demonstrated in efflux experiments, or by its metabolism. In addition, highly resistant cells which are cross-resistant to puromycin were shown to have a reduced capacity to take up labeled puromycin. These studies provide further evidence indicating that the mechanism of resistance to actinomycin D is reduced permeability to drug and suggesting that cell membrane alteration accounts for resistance to both actinomycin D and puromycin.
The Huron-Wendat Feast of the Dead: Indian-European Encounters in Early North America

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)For more than thirty years, histories of colonial interactions between Native American and European peoples in the French Northeast have benefited from the prominent inclusion of religious encounters. However, the majority of these narratives have diminished the relevance of religious considerations and relegated religion to a secondary role as a veneer or veil for motivations that scholars have deemed more rational, relevant, or pragmatic.Erik R. Seeman addresses this historiographical deficiency by recognizing the impact of religiously rooted cosmologies and motivations and seriously considering the impact of religious exchange for the peoples of colonial New France. Through the metaphor of the Feast of the Dead and with special attention to each peoples' relation to bones, the text posits that similar customs and associations with death allowed both Wendats and French Catholics to recognize the common humanity of the other and served as a medium for communication throughout the history of Indian-Jesuit encounter. The Feast of the Dead offers a window through which Seeman reveals nuanced changes in the religious worlds and cultural relations of Native Americans by presenting the augmented meanings, conflicting identities, and social rifts that characterized their colonial experience. The text depicts the history of the Wendake, the Wendat homeland, through the dynamic relationship between Wendats and Jesuits, and their shifting understandings of proper interactions with the dead. Seeman narrates the experiences of French and Indian subjects as they navigate changing perspectives and missionary strategies, the waves of epidemics that ravaged the region, rising internal tensions caused by divergent native commitments to French alliances, and the increasing threat and violence of Iroquois encroachment.Throughout this history, Seeman's analysis shows that cultural parallels and analogous practices in the deathways of each people enabled dialogue and encouraged the permeability of cultural boundaries. Such similarities led both peoples to frequently take seriously the spiritual realities of the other and initiate cultural exchange. Wendats and Jesuit missionaries each employed deathway commonalities intentionally and unconsciously to express cultural values and ideals, manipulate political situations, and compel change in the religious worldviews of their colonial counterparts. Through a discourse dominated by concerns for mortuary practices and the ritualized interaction with human remains, Wendats were led to experience the potential appeal of Catholicism, fashion new hybridized avenues for interaction with the supernatural world, or articulate their rejection of Jesuit attempts to effect their conversion.The text does not dismiss the relevance of material goods or other social considerations. …
Fetal stimulation by pulsed diagnostic ultrasound.

Objective. To show that pulsed ultrasound from a clinical ultrasonic imaging system can stimulate the fetus. Stimulation is defined mainly as increased fetal gross body movements in response to excitation. Methods. Fetuses of a group of 9 volunteer women (mean gestational age, 33.37 weeks; range, 25‐40 weeks) were evaluated for body movement under 3 different conditions: (1) control, with no ultrasound exposure; (2) ultrasound in continuous wave Doppler mode; and (3) pulsed ultrasound in pulsed Doppler and B modes. A conventional external fetal monitor, with negligible ultrasonic output, was used to monitor fetal gross body motions. After an initial rest period of 3 minutes with 1 or no fetal motion, fetuses were monitored for an additional 3 minutes under the exposure criterion defined for each condition. Resulting fetal motions under the 3 conditions were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results. The test showed that fetuses moved significantly more frequently under condition 3 (mean ± SD, 3.43 ± 1.93 movements per minute) than under condition 1 (0.40 ± 7.33 movements per minute) or condition 2 (0.63 ± 7.67 movements per minute); P = .004 and .016, respectively. Fetal movements under conditions 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. Conclusion.
RECENT DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR AERODYNAMIC MODELING OF FIGHTER AIRPLANE CONFIGURATIONS

As airplane designs have trended toward the expansion of flight envelopes into the high angle of attack and high angular rate regimes, concerns regarding modeling the complex unsteady aerodynamics for simulation have arisen. Most current modeling methods still rely on traditional body axis damping coefficients that are measured using techniques which were intended for relatively benign flight conditions. This paper presents recent wind tunnel results obtained during large-amplitude pitch, roll and yaw testing of several fighter airplane configurations. A review of the similitude requirements for applying sub-scale test results to full-scale conditions is presented. Data is then shown to be a strong function of Strouhal number - both the traditional damping terms, but also the associated static stability terms. Additionally, large effects of sideslip are seen in the damping parameter that should be included in simulation math models. Finally, an example of the inclusion of frequency effects on the data in a simulation is shown.
Software provision in smart environment based on fuzzy logic intelligibility

Ubiquitous applications and smart environment technologies are complex to deploy, manage and use. Intelligibility, in ubiquitous computing applications, explains to users what a system did (outputs) and why it did it (inputs or contextual information). Making software more intelligible can reduce the complexity of a system for users. This paper presents our work on an intelligibility strategy for fuzzy logic systems, applied to a context-aware software organization and service provision (SOSP) middleware for smart environments. This fuzzy logic intelligibility strategy has been evaluated and tested with two groups of real users (technical and less technical users), and two versions of our prototype (with and without intelligibility).
A Skinnerian Analysis of Conflict Behavior: Walden II Goes Cross-National

Therefore, a prince must not concern himself with the infamy of cruelty when it comes to keeping his subjects united and obedient; for, with just a few displays of cruelty, he will turn out to be more compassionate than those who, through excessive compassion, allow disorders to arise from which spring forth murder and ravaging. Machiavelli, The Prince
Numerical simulations of the reditron

The reflected-electrons discrimination microwave generator (reditron) is a high-power, narrow-band, and single-mode microwave generator that makes exclusive use of the oscillatory character of the virtual-cathode of a relativistic electron beam. The complex, nonlinear character of the virtual-cathode device necessitates particle-in-cell plasma simulation techniques. Investigations indicate two sources of the radiation: (1) the trapped electrons reflexing between the real and virtual cathodes, and (2) the oscillation of the virtual cathode. In the conventional design, the two mechanisms coexist and interfere with each other destructively, causing degradation of the efficiency of microwave generation. The authors have investigated a configuration with a slotted, thick anode and an external magnetic field, which effectively eliminates the reflexing electrons. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations showed that such a configuration exploits the oscillation of the virtual cathode exclusively, and it generates single-mode, narrow bandwidth, and high-power microwave radiation with a potential efficiency over 10%. It was found that further optimization could be achieved by the use of a density (current) modulated electron beam at appropriate frequencies. >
TRAPPING AND HANDLING OF NORTH AMERICAN RIVER OTTERS (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN A MANAGED MARSH

North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) were trapped in a managed marsh in northern California between July and November of 1998. Five trap types using several set configurations were utilized in this study. Otters were successfully captured with minimal injury and a relatively high trap rate (1 capture per 48 trap nights), with the use of No. 1.5 and No. 1.75 double-coil spring traps, and No. 11 double long spring traps on short chains in blind land sets, or in bank sets on one-way cables leading to land-buried stakes. Only 3 of 14 captures incurred more than minimal injuries, and all 3 of these were exacerbated by complications from traps attached to long chains. Otters were captured at any time of day, although activity appeared lowered between 0900 and 1900 hours. Otters were anesthetized for handling. Monitoring results and anesthetic complications are reported for 14 captures. Ketamine (15 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) provided a wide margin of safety, rapid induction at low injection volume, good anesthetic quality, handling time of about 30 min, and few complications. White blood cell counts were taken and appeared high relative to reported values in other studies. This trend is likely attributable to blood draws immediately after the animal had been held in a trap for several hours, in contrast to most other studies, in which blood was drawn days to weeks after being held in captivity.
Differentiation of Electrophoretically Similar Hemoglobins—Such as S, D, G, and P; or A2, C, E, and O—by Electrophoresis of the Globin Chains

Electrophoresis of the globin chains of hemoglobin on cellulose acetate in both acidic and alkaline buffers (pH about 6 and 9) containing urea and 2-mercaptoethanol is a simple, rapid means of characterizing hemoglobins. Erythrocyte hemolysate is electrophoresed in the presence of a large amount of mercaptoethanol, which liberates heme from globin, and keeps it in solution during its rapid electrophoretic removal. Each globin chain migrates at a characteristic rate, which varies with the pH and composition of the buffer. The combined data permit differentiation, with a high degree of specificity, of some similarly charged hemoglobins. They may also be useful in assessing the effect of secondary and tertiary structure on molecular charge.
Efficient simulation of space-time correlated MIMO mobile fading channels

Simulation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels, with crosscorrelated subchannels, is of paramount importance in performance evaluation of space-time techniques in multiantenna systems. This paper focuses on four methods to simulate several spatio-temporally crosscorrelated stationary complex Gaussian processes: the spectral representation method, the sampling theorem method, the random polynomial method, and the circulant embedding method. The first three methods are based on parametric random representations, which consist of the superposition of deterministic functions with random coefficients and parameters, whereas the fourth one is built upon circulant embedding of the covariance matrix and the use of fast Fourier transform (FFT), to diagonalize a block circulant matrix. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the computational complexity of all the four methods. The performance of these techniques are also assessed, via extensive simulations, in terms of the quality of the generated samples. Our theoretical analysis and simulation results show that for MIMO channel simulations, the spectral method has much less computational complexity, with the same simulation accuracy as other methods. Matlab/sup /spl copy// files for all the four methods are available at http://web.njit.edt//spl sim/abdi.
Soft-Tissue Injuries Associated With Distal Radius Fractures

Recent outcome studies suggest that soft tissue injuries to the distal radioulnar joint and triangular fibrocartilage complex are common after distal radius fractures. These injuries, if undiagnosed, may lead to significant pain, instability, and arthrosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability is a key component to optimizing outcomes in patients with distal radius fractures.
A Globally Optimal Particle Tracking Technique for Stereo Imaging Velocimetry Experiments

An important phase of any Stereo Imaging Velocimetry experiment is particle tracking. Particle tracking seeks to identify and characterize the motion of individual particles entrained in a fluid or air experiment. We analyze a cylindrical chamber filled with water and seeded with density-matched particles. In every four-frame sequence, we identify a particle track by assigning a unique track label for each camera image. The conventional approach to particle tracking is to use an exhaustive tree-search method utilizing greedy algorithms to reduce search times. However, these types of algorithms are not optimal due to a cascade effect of incorrect decisions upon adjacent tracks. We examine the use of a guided evolutionary neural net with simulated annealing to arrive at a globally optimal assignment of tracks. The net is guided both by the minimization of the search space through the use of prior limiting assumptions about valid tracks and by a strategy which seeks to avoid high-energy intermediate states which can trap the net in a local minimum. A stochastic search algorithm is used in place of back-propagation of error to further reduce the chance of being trapped in an energy well. Global optimization is achieved by minimizing an objective function, which includes both track smoothness and particle-image utilization parameters. In this paper we describe our model and present our experimental results. We compare our results with a nonoptimizing, predictive tracker and obtain an average increase in valid track yield of 27 percent
The Spectrum of Fungi That Infects Humans

Few among the millions of fungal species fulfill four basic conditions necessary to infect humans: high temperature tolerance, ability to invade the human host, lysis and absorption of human tissue, and resistance to the human immune system. In previously healthy individuals, invasive fungal disease is rare because animals' sophisticated immune systems evolved in constant response to fungal challenges. In contrast, fungal diseases occur frequently in immunocompromised patients. Paradoxically, successes of modern medicine have put increasing numbers of patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. Uncontrolled HIV infection additionally makes millions vulnerable to lethal fungal diseases. A concerted scientific and social effort is needed to meet these challenges.
Human growth hormone studies in patients with galactorrhea (Ahumada-del Castillo syndrome).

Abstract Human growth hormone levels were measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique in 5 nulliparous subjects with galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and a gonadotropin deficiency. The basal fasting levels of HGH were normal. The HGH rise in response to an induced hypoglycemia was normal in four patients and low in one. There was no correlation between the Metopirone test results and the HGH results. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Effects of alloying elements and temperature on the elastic properties of W-based alloys by first-principles calculations

Abstract The influence of various transition alloying elements (X's) on the elastic properties of W-based alloys has been studied via first-principles calculations on the basis of density functional theory. Here, nineteen transition metal alloying elements (X) are considered: Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt. It is found that (i) the bulk modulus of the dilute W-X alloy decreases with increasing its equilibrium volume, particularly, for the alloying elements in the same period; (ii) all of the alloying elements decrease the shear modulus of BCC W; and (iii) the largest decrease of elastic properties of W is due to alloying element Y. In addition, it is shown that the changes of elastic properties of W caused by the alloying elements are traceable from the electron charge density distribution, resulting in a bonding distortion between W and the alloying atoms. Using the quasi-static approach based on the Debye model, the elastic properties of these W-X alloys at finite temperatures are predicted. Calculated properties of BCC W and the W-X alloys are in favorable agreement with available experimental measurements.
Sex Differences in Hookah-Related Images Posted on Tumblr: A Content Analysis

Hookah tobacco smoking is prevalent, widespread, and associated with large amounts of toxicants. Hookah tobacco smoking may be viewed differently by males and females. For example, females have been drawn to types of tobacco that are flavored, milder, and marketed as more social and exotic. Individuals often use the growing segment of anonymous social networking sites, such as Tumblr, to learn about potentially dangerous or harmful behaviors. We used a systematic process involving stratification by time of day, day of week, and search term to gather a sample of 140 Tumblr posts related to hookah tobacco smoking. After a structured codebook development process, 2 coders independently assessed all posts in their entirety, and all disagreements were easily adjudicated. When data on poster sex and age were available, we found that 77% of posts were posted by females and 35% were posted by individuals younger than 18. The most prominent features displayed in all posts were references to or images of hookahs themselves, sexuality, socializing, alcohol, hookah smoke, and tricks performed with hookah smoke. Compared with females, males more frequently posted images of hookahs and alcohol-related images or references. This information may help guide future research in this area and the development of targeted interventions to curb this behavior.
Effect of Ligand Charge on Electron-Transfer Rates of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles

As the use of nanoparticles as biological and electronic platforms increases, research must be conducted to determine the kinetics of varying types of particles. In this paper, we determine the forward heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (kf) of water-soluble monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles using a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). Using SECM approach curves, we were able to determine the electron-transfer rates of water-soluble nanoparticles protected with a variety of ligands: tiopronin, glutathione, and trimethylammonium undecenyl mercaptan. Our results show the electron-transfer rate is largely dependent on the charge presented by the ligand shell. Fixed charges on ligands inhibit the tunneling of the electron through the protecting monolayer, making ligand charge a dominant factor in electron-transfer rates. By changing the ligand charge on tiopronin-protected gold nanoparticles through pH, we show the electron-transfer rate is inversely proportional with pH and decreases d...
Tale of two isomers: complexities of human odor perception for cis- and trans-4-methylcyclohexane methanol from the chemical spill in West Virginia.

Application of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and human olfactory "sniffer" detectors reveals the nature of odorous chemicals from an industrial chemical spill. Crude 4-methylcyclohexane methanol (4-MCHM) spilled in a river and then contaminated drinking water and air for over 300000 consumers living in West Virginia. Olfactory gas chromatography allows investigators to independently measure the odor of chemical components in a mixture. Crude 4-MCHM is comprised of several major cyclohexane components, four of which have distinct isomer pairs. The cis- and trans-4-MCHM isomers are the only components to have distinct odors at the concentrations used in this study. The trans-4-MCHM is the dominant odorant with descriptors of "licorice" and "sweet". Trans-4-MCHM has an air odor threshold concentration of 0.060 ppb-v (95% CI: 0.040-0.091). The odor threshold concentrations are not influenced by gender or age but are lower by a factor of 5 for individuals with prior exposure compared to naive subjects. Individual trans-4-MCHM odor threshold concentrations vary by more than a factor of 100. The cis-4-MCHM isomer has approximately a 2000-fold higher odor threshold concentration, different descriptors, and an even wider individual response range.
A Custom Trabecular Metal Implant in Revision Total Hip Replacement with a Paprosky Type-IV Femoral Defect: A Case Report.

Case: Treatment for severe femoral bone defects involving loss of the supporting isthmus is limited. Techniques are based on surgeon experience and patient-related factors. Revision arthroplasty can be challenging depending on bone loss and quality. Highly porous metals, such as trabecular metal, are ideal alternatives for complex reconstruction; however, little has been written about trabecular metal for reconstruction of the proximal part of the femur. Conclusion: We report the five-year midterm results of a custom trabecular metal implant for a Paprosky type-IV femoral defect. This novel construct provides durable midterm survivorship and excellent function for Paprosky type-IV femoral bone loss.
Can shoulder dystocia be predicted? Preconceptive and prenatal factors

Objective To evaluate the predictability of shoulder dystocia using preconceptive and prenatal risk factors. Study design Data from 1,622 term patients with prenatal care prior to 20 weeks who delivered single, vertex fetuses during a consecutive 12-month period were analyzed. Two groups were chosen. The first group was patients whose fetuses experienced shoulder dystocia during delivery (cases). The second group (controls) consisted of the remaining patients, whose fetuses had not experienced shoulder dystocia. The two groups were compared with regard to demographics and pregnancy characteristics. Results Factors not significantly different between the two groups included were obesity, multiparity, history of diabetes, short maternal stature, postdatism and advanced maternal age. The incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher (P 4,000 g and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Many factors previously associated with shoulder dystocia were found to be nonsignificant in our study. Conclusion Macrosomia appears to be the single important factor associated with shoulder dystocia which, even in the presence of significant risk factors, remains largely unpredictable.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and the Clinical Applications for the Female Pelvis: A Literature Review

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive, nonionizing means to therapeutically treat various medical conditions. Although HIFU has proven useful in the treatment of a variety of conditions, in recent years, more research has been conducted on how HIFU treatments can be used to treat conditions related to the female pelvis. Some of the medical conditions being researched are uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, cervicitis, and polycystic ovaries. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HIFU in the treatment of these medical conditions unique to the female pelvis. This literature review will be used to introduce the technology of HIFU, present an overall analysis of HIFU, provide a review on the latest clinical research concerning HIFU clinical applications for pathologic conditions of the female pelvis, and identify the impact of HIFU on patients and the ultrasound community.
Adherence to chronic opioid therapy prescribing guidelines in a primary care clinic

Objective: Characterize primary care patients prescribed opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), explore guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices, and investigate predictors of pain agreements. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Primary care clinic at a tertiary academic medical center. Patients: Adults prescribed chronic opioids (three or more monthly prescriptions within a year) for CNCP between April 1, 2014 and April 1, 2015. Patients without CNCP served as controls. Main Outcome Measure: Patient demographics, medical diagnoses, tobacco status, provider status, documentation of guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices, pain agreement status, and opioid prescription. Univariate statistics were used to explore differences in patient demographics, comorbidities, and guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices by chronic pain and pain agreement status. Logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of agreement status. Results: The clinic had 834 (9 percent) patients on chronic opioids, with 335 on a pain agreement. Documentation of opioid-monitoring practices was lacking. Logistic regression indicated that patients were significantly more likely to be on an agreement if they were Caucasian (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.17 [95% CI 1.41, 3.39]), had a baseline urine drug screen (adjusted OR 10.72 [95% CI 6.16, 19.41]), were prescribed a schedule II controlled medication (adjusted OR 11.92 [95% CI 6.93, 21.62]), and had risk assessed to some degree (adjusted OR 3.06 [95% CI 1.90, 4.96]). Conclusions: Aside from race, most patient characteristics were not predictive of pain agreement implementation. However, controlled medication of higher schedules and the use of certain guideline-recommended practices were associated with an agreement. Studies are needed to examine whether pain agreement or guideline-adherence influence clinical outcomes.
Life after stroke in Appalachia.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of meaning in the experience of surviving stroke for adults living in Appalachia. Methods This qualitative phenomenological study includes a sample of 6 adult survivors of ischemic stroke who were discharged from either a community or university hospital to home in the Appalachian region. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, transcribed, and analyzed thematically by two investigators. The explicated themes were verified by the survivors as representative of their experience. Results Five main themes emerged: 1) Frustration with new physical and functional impairment, 2) Negative emotions including anger, guilt, loneliness, and depression 3) Need for accessible support, 4) Longing for home during recovery and, 5) Stepping forward after stroke which included sub-themes of perseverance, acceptance, and retraining. Anger was described as contributing to delayed recover and emotional lability was described as a source of anger. The familiarity of home was viewed as key to reestablishing control over one's life. Survivors described how they developed perseverance to move forward and emphasized that willingness to participate in retraining led to adapting to impairments. Acceptance was described as letting go of prior expectations of self and others so one could live in the present.
Teaching a Psychology-Based Study Abroad Pre-Departure Course:

In response to recent research indicating that the benefits of study abroad are significantly enhanced by pre-departure training, tertiary institutions are increasingly offering pre-departure courses to students preparing to study abroad. Teachers of psychology are well positioned to contribute to such courses in that a large number of psychological concepts are relevant to the student sojourner experience and the goals of pre-departure training. In this article I present the goals, format, content, and assessment of a psychology-based study abroad pre-departure course, describe relevant psychological concepts, and provide suggestions for psychology instructors interested in developing and teaching such courses.
Infrared (IR) Soldering of Metallic Nanowires

In this work, we used infrared (IR) heating as a new soldering method for the melting and joining of metallic nanowires. IR soldering method is a non-contact soldering method with focused heating area and the soldering process can be done within a few seconds without spreading too much unnecessary heat to the surrounding so as to protect polymer or other low melting temperature or heat sensitive substrates. Lead-free nano-solders can be used for the assembly and joining of nanowires for nanoelectronics and device applications. In order to control the nano-solder melting process and form reliable solder joints, fundamental study of solder melting behavior and morphology change is necessary in order to optimize the IR soldering process. Pure tin (Sn) solder was used as a model solder material, and both Sn nanowires and multi-segment nanowires which have two Sn segments on both ends, were tested by the IR soldering method. Nanowires were synthesized by using electrodeposition method in nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) templates or anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. After electrodeposition, the nanowires were cleaned and deposited on the surface of silicon wafer for IR treatment. The melting behavior and morphology change were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The dramatic morphology change of Sn segments and Sn nanowires was observed when proper choice of flux, operating time and temperature were applied. The soldering process parameters were then optimized in order to obtain spherical solder balls for complete solder reflow. Finally, multi-segment nanowires were melted and soldered by IR soldering.
Solubility of Alkyl Amine Surfactants in Mixed Gas and Pure CO2 Environments

This study analyzes the changes in solubility and mass distribution of three alkyl amine surfactants in pure, supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) and in supercritical carbon dioxide–methane (ScCO2–ScCH4) mixtures under high-pressure conditions at 40 or 60 °C. It was observed that highly methylated surfactant structures have the highest solubility in ScCO2, up to 1 wt % at 40 °C, and exponentially declined with addition of methane in the system. Moreover, methylated surfactant structures with lower molecular weights have greater solubility in the presence of methane than higher molecular weight structures due to the weak solvation power of methane. On the other hand, for surfactant structures with hydroxylated terminals, the surfactant solubility in ScCO2 was found to be 1 order of magnitude lower compared to methylated terminals, and the solubility remained leveled with the presence of methane.
A Case Study in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients with Vimentin Over Expression.

Background Vimentin belongs to an intermediate filament (IF) family of proteins, mainly present in mesenchymal cells and has a crucial role in maintaining cellular integrity. Vimentin can induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and thus increase migration and invasion capacity of the cells. It has been shown to be a useful and reliable diagnostic and prognostic marker in several cancers including colon cancers, breast and hepatocellular cancers. Recent studies suggest that it may have a role in distant metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for poor survival [1]. Methods The aim of the study is to assess the impact of vimentin testing as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in NSCLC. This is a case study of 12 NSCLC patients who had vimentin testing as a part of their work up over the past five years at the University of Cincinnati. A total of 12 patients with advanced lung cancer were included in this case study as they were found to have strong vimentin expression. This was correlated with overall survival of this group of patients. Results Median survival of the patients was 4.66 months. This is 7.34 months less compared to the median survival of patients with stage IV NSCLC which is reported to be 12 months. Conclusions More studies are warranted into the use of vimentin as an emerging useful marker for early diagnosis, aggressive transformation relapse, and prognostication of NSCLC. It may have therapeutic value in NSCLC as observed in other cancers.
Retail Consulting Class: Experiential Learning Platform to Develop Future Retail Talents:

The retail industry is undergoing a significant transformation. Factors such as technological advancement and evolving consumer demands have forced companies to rethink their traditional approaches...
High-spin level structure of Pt-190 and Pt-192

The level structures of the shape transitional nuclei $^{190}\mathrm{Pt}$ and $^{192}\mathrm{Pt}$ have been studied by ($\ensuremath{\alpha},xn\ensuremath{\gamma}$) reactions on enriched Os targets. The measurements included $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray singles, prompt and delayed $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ conincidences, half-life determinations in the range 1-500 ns, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distributions. Detailed level schemes for $^{190}\mathrm{Pt}$ and $^{192}\mathrm{Pt}$, incorporating much new spectroscopic information, are reported. Acute backbending observed at about spin 10 in the positive parity yrast sequences of the two nuclei is attributed to intersection of the ground bands by rotation aligned bands of both ($\ensuremath{\nu}i_{\frac{13}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) and ($\ensuremath{\pi}h_{\frac{11}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) character. A description of well-developed ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ bands observed in both nuclei as semidecoupled ($\ensuremath{\nu}{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}, \ensuremath{\nu}$) bands is briefly discussed. ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomers with half-lives of 47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6 ns in $^{190}\mathrm{Pt}$ and 250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30 ns in $^{192}\mathrm{Pt}$ are reported. The nature of these isomers is discussed in light of our related finding that the neighboring nuclei $^{189,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}191,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}193}\mathrm{Pt}$ have triaxial shapes ($\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$), and it is concluded that the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states are predominantly of ($\ensuremath{\nu}{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}, \ensuremath{\nu}{h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$) two-quasiparticle composition.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{190,192}\mathrm{Os}(\ensuremath{\alpha},4n\ensuremath{\gamma})$, $^{188,190}\mathrm{Os}(\ensuremath{\alpha},2n\ensuremath{\gamma})$, $E=28\ensuremath{-}50$ MeV; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}t$ relationships; $^{190,192}\mathrm{Pt}$ deduced level schemes, $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$.
DOES MINIMALLY-INVASIVE BYPASS SURGERY AFFORD A LONG-TERM SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE COMPARED WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENT FOR ISOLATED COMPLEX DISEASE OF THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY?

No significant difference in long-term survival has, as yet, been identified for patients with isolated proximal lesions of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery undergoing either robotic-assisted minimally-invasive coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) or percutaneous intervention (PCI) with
Observation of Coherent Perfect Absorption in Resonant Organic Materials

By judiciously devising mirror reflectivities of a cavity containing an absorber, we experimentally demonstrate coherent perfect absorption in a resonant organic dye, even though the material's intrinsic absorption significantly varies across the dye absorption bandwidth.
Development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood

The present study examined mnemonic discrimination in 5- and 6-yr-old children, 8- and 9-yr-old children, 11- and 12-yr-old children, and young adults. Participants incidentally encoded pictorial stimuli and subsequently judged whether targets (i.e., repeated stimuli), lures (i.e., mnemonically related stimuli), and foils (i.e., novel stimuli) were old, similar, or new. Compared to older age groups, younger children were more likely to (1) incorrectly identify lures as "old" (rather than "similar") and (2) fail to recognize lures altogether, especially when lures were more mnemonically distinct from targets. These results suggest age-related improvements in pattern separation and pattern completion during childhood.
Extended family households among children in the United States: Differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status.

This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, to examine the prevalence and predictors of extended family households among children in the Uni...
THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE LEVEL ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTS OF SOLAR COLLECTORS

ABSTRACT To evaluate the effects of irradiance level on thermal performance test results, a variety of solar collector types were tested in a solar simulator facility at irradiance levels between 200 and 1100 W/m2. In all cases the results were dependent on irradiance level, indicating that significant errors can occur if data obtained at high irradiance levels are used to predict performance at low levels. If testing is carried out at a minimum of two Irradiance levels, these effects can be accounted for.
Ultra-fast chemical separations (“plasma chemistry”) with a helium-jet recoil-transport system

Abstract The transport efficiency through a long-capillary He-jet recoil-transport system can be changed for different elements by altering the nature and/or the concentration of the impurities in the He. Thus, it appears that a form of “plasma chemistry” is taking place in the formation of the “macromolecules” that transport the radioactive recoils through the system and the attachment of the recoils to chemically specific sites on these macromolecules. We describe some experimental results and point out the advantages of such a system; also, we note that it is possible to obtain information about the Z of a nuclide from these experiments.
Fiscal Equalisation Between Swedish Municipalities

In its 1993 reform of the intergovernmental grant system, Sweden adopted an ambitious program of fiscal equalisation, one which is among the most comprehensive in the developed world. This paper examines the structure of equalisation in Sweden. I focus on the overall effectiveness of the program, and the incentives built into its major components; capacity equalisation, cost equalisation, and capitation aid. Incentives for individual and firm location, and the fiscal behavior of municipalities are considered. I argue that some of these incentives are positive, while other effects may be adverse. The variety of possible effects in the Swedish system illustrates the potential tradeoffs between equity and efficiency in a fiscal system. Where possible, I adduce evidence as to the actual responses to these incentives. The paper also considers the mix of equalisation policies, and the extent to which substitution between one or another component is either possible or desirable. At various points, comparisons are made to other fiscal systems around the world.