cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The roles of disturbance, topography and climate in determining the leading and rear edges of population range limits

Aim To identify the ecosystem features most important for differentiating leading edges from rear edges of plant population distributions, and for distinguishing both from contiguous-range sites. Location Eastern California, USA. Methods Habitats supporting multiple plant populations at their range edges were analysed, including 32 rear-edge, 32 leading-edge and 526 control sites within contiguous ranges. Multivariate modelling techniques, including general linear and additive modelling, ordination and classification trees were used to identify the biotic and abiotic factors that control range edges. Results Rear edges were associated with lower solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration, as would generally be expected as ranges shift in a warming climate regime. Leading edges were associated with lower topographical positions, such as canyon bottoms, and were characterized by recent disturbance and early successional stages. Rear edges occurred mainly in undisturbed sites. Main conclusions The interacting roles of biological and physical factors in determining population range limits have recently gained attention as the need to predict ecosystem shifts in a changing climate increases. Further understanding and recognition of disturbance in facilitating the expansion of native species' ranges and in conserving relict populations will enhance the ability of land managers to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem resilience as climate continues to change.
Radiating despite a lack of character: closely related, morphologically similar, co-occurring honeyeaters have diverged ecologically

The 75 species of Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) are morphologically and ecologically diverse, with species feeding on nectar, insects, fruit, and other resources. We investigated ecomorphology and community structure of honeyeaters across Australia. First, we asked to what degree morphology and ecology (foraging behavior) are concordant. Second, we estimated rates of trait evolution. Third, we compared phylogenetic and trait community structure across the broad environmental gradients of continental Australia. We found that morphology explained 37% of the variance in ecology (and 62% vice versa), and that recovered multivariate ecomorphological relationships incorporated well-known bivariate relationships. Clades of large-bodied species exhibited elevated rates of morphological trait evolution, while members of Melithreptus showed slightly faster rates of ecological trait evolution. Finally, ecological trait diversity did not decline in parallel with phylogenetic diversity along a gradient of decreasing precipitation. We employ a new method (trait fields) and extend another (phylogenetic fields) to show that while species from phylogenetically clustered assemblages co-occur with morphologically similar species, these species are as varied in foraging behavior as those from more diverse assemblages. Thus, although closely related, these arid-adapted species have diverged in ecological space to a similar degree as their mesic counterparts, perhaps mediated by competition.
Operations for the Administration of Antegrade Enemas

After the initial ingenious description of Malone to use the cecal appendix for the administration of antegrade enemas, an overwhelming number of surgeons adopted this technique with or without modifications. Some of these relevant papers are discussed here, and the authors present their experience with that kind of operation with original modifications as well as potential complications.
Simulating Grassland Prescribed Fires Using Experimental Approaches

Small-scale fire approaches, like burn boxes, burn tables, and propane burners, are often used to facilitate experimental control over fire and allow greater replication. We compared characteristics of grassland prescribed fires to three experimental approaches to determine if these approaches simulate prescribed fires. We conducted prescribed fires during the growing and dormant season to compare with burn box, burn table, and propane prong approaches. Burn box and burn table approaches used additional timothy (Phleum spp. L.) hay for a fuel source, while the propane prong used propane to burn in situ and greenhouse-grown plants. We collected temperature data with thermocouples to determine time-temperature profiles, maximum temperatures, heat durations (time above 60 °C), and heat dosages (the product of time and temperature above 60 °C). Fires produced by burn box, burn table, and prescribed fires had similarly shaped time-temperature profiles, but propane prong fires produced different curves with a longer duration near the maximum temperature. Burn box and burn table approaches had the highest heat dosages because timothy hay completely compared to in situ vegetation in prescribed fires. To simulate prescribed fires, propane rates should be regulated—either increased or decreased—to produce time-temperature profiles consistent with prescribed fires. Moreover, approaches using added hay often result in higher heat dosages and may require decreased fuel loading to match research objectives.
Detection of high-wind events using tree-ring data

Windstorms are common events in midlatitude west coast climates yet little is known about their long-term history and influence on regional forests. In this paper, we present a procedure that detects the timing and frequency of these high-wind events (HWEs) along the Pacific Northwest coast of North America using crossdated tree-ring measurements and detrended tree-ring chronologies derived from windsnapped trees. Our results show that abrupt changes in ring width patterns closely match dates of known HWEs and can serve as a nonclimatic basis for crossdating. Experimentation with different growth suppression and release criteria revealed that either a 50% decrease or a 50% increase in radial growth relative to the mean index value provided the best criterion for detecting windstorm-related growth anomalies. Comparing these results with the known occurrence of windstorms during the past century successfully identified all known major wind events during the study period. Low correlations between tree growth...
A Sampling Plan for Age-Specific Population Estimation of Hypera postica in Kentucky Alfalfa Fields

Sampling variations in Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) populations in Kentucky alfalfa fields were investigated using standard ANOVA procedures for nested random models. Inter-quadrat variance was the major source of population variation in 2 contiguous plots in which the spatial distribution conformed to an overdispersed pattern. Inter-block and inter-plot differences were rarely significant. There was no single major source of population variance at a 3rd plot where the field counts approached the Poisson series. The variance components associated with blocks, plots, and samples were significantly greater than zero in most cases. A least square fit of the form Log Y = Log a + b X 3 1 revealed a high correlation between sample size (Log Y) and mean density (Log X) for eggs and larvae when the data points from the 3 plots were pooled. An exponential function of the form Y=aebx–1/3 was derived from the regression equation to plot the predicted relationship between sample size and mean density in the original scale. The number of samples required was inversely proportional to population levels for the low-density plots. However, when populations increased and the distribution approached the Poisson series at high density the graph levelled off asymptotically; this relationship was graphed for 2 levels of sampling precision. Populations of prepupae, pupae, and adults of the insect may be estimated with a 10% standard error of the mean from ten 1-ft2 quadrat areas of alfalfa plants.
In the age of bioterrorism, an affair to remember: the silver anniversary of the Swine flu epidemic that never was.

Twenty-five years ago, in November 1976, a physician misunderstood a cassette-tape providing continuing education for family practitioners to say that the rare neurological complication called Guillain-Barre syndrome could be a side effect of flu vaccines. When a recently vaccinated patient developed the syndrome, the physician alerted public officials and thereby started the process that ultimately ended the government campaign to immunize all Americans against swine flu. The physician was right, but for the wrong reasons, as Neustadt and Fineberg point out in the introduction to the 1983 edition of their classic case study of the swine flu episode (1983:xxv).
SPARCling Study of a Drosophila Cardiomyopathy.

For over a hundred years, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , has provided wonderful insights into developmental biology and the signaling molecules that regulate tissue growth and homeostasis. The wealth of mutants, rapid breeding times, and robust resources make Drosophila an ideal genetic model. The development of the fly cardiac system follows a series of orchestrated events and involves transcription factors and molecules conserved among species, including humans.1 More recently, the fly has been used to model human heart diseases and better understand cardiomyopathies.2–5 Article see p 119 The adult Drosophila circulatory system is composed of pairs of cardiomyocytes that have circumferentially oriented contractile fibers; a noncardiomyocyte-derived ventral longitudinal muscle located dorsally to the heart tube; and pericardial nephrocytes.6 In flies, nephrocytes have been described as analogous to mammalian reticuloendothelial cells and function to filter toxins and proteins from the hemolymph, the equivalent of mammalian blood.7 These cells express genes conserved in human renal podocytes and renal proximal tubule cells that are important for protein reabsorption and endocytosis in invertebrates and mammals. However, how nephrocytes influence cardiac function is unclear. This is an important question because of the potential to better understand the function of extracellular signals that affect cardiomyocyte biology, with direct translation to human diseases. Recent studies from the Hartley and Bodmer groups, described in their publication by Ivy et al,8 identified that Kruppel-like factor (Klf15), a transcription factor required for mammalian podocyte differentiation, was required for insect nephrocyte development. In the current issue of the journal, these groups extend their investigations to address how nephrocytes influence cardiomyocytes.9 Using dKlf15 NN/NN …
World blood donor day: the challenges ahead.

1Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital 2Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital Address for Correspondence: Dr Tan Lip Kun, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Level 3, Main Building, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074. Email: lip_kun_tan@nuhs.edu.sg This year’s World Blood Donor Day falls on the 14 June. The World Blood Donor Day commemorates Karl Landsteiner (14 June 1868 – 26 June 1943) who was the fi rst person to have discovered the fi rst blood group in 1900, the ABO blood group, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1930. On World Blood Donor Day, we recognise the valued contribution and unmatched generosity that a blood donor makes to the community. The theme of the 2012 World Blood Donor Day campaign, “every blood donor is a hero” focuses on the idea that every one of us can become a hero by giving blood. In this modern society, human beings are now using new and modern techniques and technologies to communicate with one another. The days of sending a handwritten letter to a loved one is becoming a rare occurrence. Sending letters is almost an obsolete method of personal communication. Instead, we are now in the era of internet communication, and conversing with each other through electronic means e.g. e-mails, e-greeting cards. The once personal touch of writing a letter is now rarely used as a mode of communication. Daily communication is now carried out quite often through SMSs rather than by verbal or visual communication. The usual process which we took for granted such as seeing the person, hearing the voice or receiving a physical touch, is becoming an uncommon practice in a person’s daily life. Even when it comes to customer services, many of the processes are also heading towards a mechanical and impersonal way e.g. electronic check-ins, electronic helpdesks, electronic meal order services. The personalised customer service is slowly becoming a thing of the past. With advancement in technology and scientifi c knowledge, one would think that the provision of blood can be made easier and may be possible to remove the “human touch” to saving lives. However, even after years of research and investigation, artifi cial blood is still not universally accepted or readily available in medical practices. We still continue to rely on human blood donors for our blood supply and we are dependent on voluntary commitment to maintain the blood donor pool. The “human touch” is still vitally important in the saving of our patients’ life and nothing to date has come close to eradicating the need for human blood donors. Recruitment, motivation and retention of blood donors are of vital importance in maintaining a sustainable donor pool for the care of our patients. As we refl ect on this World Blood Donor Day, we should be celebrating and appreciating the commitment of our blood donors who are the unsung heroes of our community.
Sensory subtypes and associated outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Sensory features are prevalent and heterogeneous across children with ASD and these features have been associated with child outcomes. Identification of clinically defined sensory subtypes may enhance our understanding of unique phenotypes that have implications for etiology, prognosis, and intervention. This longitudinal study used a national online survey aimed to identify associations of previously validated sensory subtypes to specific child and family characteristics and functional outcomes [vineland adaptive behavior scale-II (VABS) and parenting stress index short form (PSI)]. The sensory experiences questionnaire-3.0 was collected from caregivers with children with ASD, ages 2–12, at two time points (Time 1, n = 1307, Time 2, n = 884), 1 year apart. Functional outcomes assessments were collected at the second time point. A latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) was used to test associations, and results indicated that the attenuated-preoccupied subtype presented with the significantly lowest levels of VABS adaptive behavior composite scores compared to the other three sensory subtypes. Both the VABS maladaptive behavior index and the total PSI score were significantly highest in the extreme-mixed subtype. These results underscore the clinical utility of this subtyping approach for differentiating characteristics and functional outcomes associated with clinically defined sensory phenotypes. These findings may have implications for better understanding etiology, prognosis, and more precise targets for interventions designed to ameliorate sensory difficulties, and ultimately mitigate negative developmental consequences and parenting stress. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1316–1327. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum Levels of CD_(146) and Its Significance in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective To examine the level of serum adhesion molecule CD146 in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and explore its clinical significance. Methods Thirty-three children with PNS who were admitted into Children′s Hospital of Tianjin from Mar.2010 to Mar.2011 were investigated.According to therapeutic effect of glucocorticosteroid,28 children were divided into steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS) group and 5 children into steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS) group,meanwhile,18 age/sex-matched healthy children were chosen as healthy control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the level of serum CD146 in all the children.The differences of serum CD146 in 3 groups as well as the differences before and after treatment of prednisone in SSNS group were compared.Meanwhile,the relationship of serum adhesion molecule CD146 with other clinical parameter was analyzed. Results 1.The level of serum CD146 in group SSNS and group SRNS were higher than that in healthy control group(Pa0.05),and the level of serum CD146 in group SRNS was higher than that in group SSNS,but the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).2.The level of serum CD146 showed decrease in group SSNS after treatment of prednisone and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).3.In experiment groups,the level of serum CD146 showed positive correlation with serum cholesterol,urinary protein of 24 hours,plasma fibrinogen,urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) enzyme(Pa0.05) and had no linear correlation between serum-albumin,serum creatinine,cystatin C,β2-microglobulin,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastic time,and thrombin time(Pa0.05). Conclusions There are coagulopathy and endothelium functional disorder in children with PNS,and CD146 may serve as the index to evaluate hypercoagulable state in children of PNS.Adhesion molecule CD146 may participate in the pathogenesis of PNS cell immunity.Treatment of glucocorticosteroid can immunosuppress inflammatory reaction and relieve blood vessel endothelium hazard.
Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity in regenerating forelimbs of adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens.

Traditional signal transduction pathways appear to be operating during amphibian forelimb regeneration, as in other developing systems. A consistent picture appears to be developing that suggests that growth factors promoting proliferation during regeneration act through cAMP-independent mechanisms while factors that modulate differentiation and morphogenesis include signaling pathways in which cAMP participates. Although our understanding of these pathways is far from complete, it is becoming increasingly evident that further characterization of signal transduction events will facilitate (a) identifying major signaling substances, (b) determining the cellular events in regeneration that they modulate, and (c) defining the mechanisms through which they act. The present study demonstrates that PPtases, and in particular PTPases, can be studied in regenerating newt limbs. More importantly, this investigation demonstrates that there are progressive and significant increases in PPtase activity during regeneration. Moreover, the observed patterns of PPtase activity during regeneration conform to an emerging picture that ligands acting through receptors possessing intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity promote proliferation within the regeneration blastema. However, the substrates used in this study precluded acquiring insights about modulating effects of serine/threonine kinases (e.g., PKA and PKC). Nevertheless, these data suggest that activation of PPtases contribute to the orchestration of the diverse cellular activities required to regenerate a vertebrate appendage.
Use of human plasma samples to identify circulating drug metabolites that inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes

Drug interactions elicited through inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important in pharmacotherapy. Recently, greater attention has been focused on not only parent drugs inhibiting P450 enzymes but also on possible inhibition of these enzymes by circulating metabolites. In this report, an ex vivo method whereby the potential for circulating metabolites to be inhibitors of P450 enzymes is described. To test this method, seven drugs and their known plasma metabolites were added to control human plasma at concentrations previously reported to occur in humans after administration of the parent drug. A volume of plasma for each drug based on the known inhibitory potency and time-averaged concentration of the parent drug was extracted and fractionated by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the fractions were tested for inhibition of six human P450 enzyme activities (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4). Observation of inhibition in fractions that correspond to the retention times of metabolites indicates that the metabolite has the potential to contribute to P450 inhibition in vivo. Using this approach, norfluoxetine, hydroxyitraconazole, desmethyldiltiazem, desacetyldiltiazem, desethylamiodarone, hydroxybupropion, erythro-dihydrobupropion, and threo-dihydrobupropion were identified as circulating metabolites that inhibit P450 activities at a similar or greater extent as the parent drug. A decision tree is presented outlining how this method can be used to determine when a deeper investigation of the P450 inhibition properties of a drug metabolite is warranted.
Sourcing gunflints to their country of manufacture

Some 318 gunflints recently recovered from the French barque longue, La Belle, which ran aground off the coast of Texas in 1686, and an additional 405 gunflints from the related terrestrial site of Fort St. Louis offer an opportunity to research the origins of gunflints found in the colonial period Americas. Current research suggests that the best means of addressing this question is through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), comparing traceelement chemical levels in European source materials with trace-element levels in gunflints found in the New World. A small number of samples from colonial sites and European source locations were submitted to evaluate the potential of this application for sourcing chert. While the initial results are encouraging, some caution is warranted.
Flipping the Switch “On” for Aminoglycoside-Resistance Enzymes: The Mechanism Is Finally Revealed!

In a recent issue of Structure, Caldwell et al. (2016) determined crystal structures of APH(2″)-Ia in complex with various combinations of aminoglycosides and nucleosides, which compellingly revealed that the catalytic activity of this resistance enzyme is regulated by a conformational change of the triphosphate of GTP, a mechanism previously unknown for antibiotic kinases.
Bendamustine-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient With AL Amyloidosis

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by polyuria with dilute urine due to the inability of the principal cells of the renal collecting ducts to respond to antidiuretic hormone and concentrate urine. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be drug induced, and several chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to cause it. Bendamustine is a traditional chemotherapeutic agent being studied for treatment for relapsed systemic AL amyloidosis. We report a case of a 59-year-old man with AL amyloidosis who developed partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after receiving bendamustine for treatment of AL amyloidosis. The nephrogenic diabetes insipidus responded well to sodium restriction, hydrochlorothiazide, and desmopressin treatment, allowing the patient to receive subsequent bendamustine cycles without polyuria. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus resolved shortly after completion of bendamustine therapy.
In Vitro Effect of Bean Amylase Inhibitor on Insect Amylases

The activity of a bean amylase inhibitor against amylases extracted from several insects was tested. Amylases extracted from Mediterranean flour moth larvae ( Anagasta kuhniella ), red flour beetle adults ( Tribolium castaneum ), both adults and larvae of Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle) and yellow mealworm larvae ( Tenebrio molitor ) were inhibited while adult granary weevil ( Sitophilus granarius ) amylase was not inhibited by the bean inhibitor. The T. molitor amylase interaction with the bean inhibitor was studied further. Inhibition of the Tenebrio enzyme is expressed slowly at pH 5.4, but lowering the pH or raising the ionic strength of incubation media caused a marked increase in rate of expression of the inhibition.
Periodic activity in continental magmatic arcs

Cordilleran orogenic belts are formed primarily by processes associated with the subduction of oceanic plates beneath the edges of continental plates. On Earth today, the American Cordilleras, spanning one-third the circumference of the globe, represent the range of variations seen in older, less coherent cordilleran belts. The Alpine-Himalayan-New Guinean orogenic belt embodies Earth’s other great orogenic system and has formed by both collisional and cordilleran-style processes. Because of the abundance of oceanic lithosphere on this planet, it stands to reason that cordilleran-style orogenesis has been important throughout the portion of geological time during which plate tectonics has operated. Inasmuch as continental magmatic arcs lie at the heart of most cordilleran orogenic belts, their long-term (107–108 yr) behavior must be intimately tied to the diverse processes that collaborate with magmatism to build these great orogenic belts. Thus, changes in magma production through time, as recorded by cordilleran batholiths and volcanic piles, have implications for the broad web of tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, mantle dynamic, and surface processes operating in cordilleran orogenic systems, as well as potential global climatic effects (McKenzie et al. 2016). For this reason sundry geoscientists, including petrologists, geophysicists, basin analysts, structural geologists, geomorphologists, geochronologists, and even climatologists, are paying unprecedented attention to the histories of cordilleran …
The need for retention—An important consideration

Retention is a culmination of all our orthodontic knowledge. This is when we have planned, treated, and now have to maintain what has been attained. Moreover, we have to understand how we reached our goal and also be respectful of those factors wanting to disrupt a successful correction of a malocclusion. If we planned correctly and our treatment plan was executed well then retention is merely a passive process of observation and minimal adjustments. On the contrary, if the treatment did not go according to our treatment plan albeit because of the nature of the difficult malocclusion, patient compliance problems or aberrant growth interferences, it is imperative to have an excellent retention protocol in place to actively pursue our ultimate goal of a healthy and functional occlusion. This article will enlighten the reader to important factors as to why planning retention is a responsibility from the beginning of orthodontic treatment.
Father-Daughter Incest: Effects, Risk-Factors, and a Proposal for a New Parent-Based Approach to Prevention

ABSTRACTA comparison of 74 victims of father-daughter incest (FDI) to 355 controls who were victims of child-sexual abuse (CSA) by an adult male other than their father identified multiple significant differences between the two groups attributable to effects unique to FDI. For example, FDI victims had more problematic scores on the depression scale, and they preferred to have partner sex less frequently than the victims of CSA-AM. Problematic relationships between parents, higher family-tolerated father-daughter nudity, and a new partner in the home all increased the likelihood of FDI. Hypersexual and risky sexual behaviors increased the likelihood of endorsing being sexually addicted.
Life Outside the Lab

Fred and Joan rented a flat on the first floor at 252 Hills Road in Cambridge (Fig. 7.1). The war was on, so rationing was in place and certain foods, especially meat, were scarce. Imports were not available. They grew some vegetables in the back garden. Joan was social and enjoyed chatting with people. She developed a special rapport with the butcher, so if meat was available, she could usually get it. They had a few chickens in the garden. Young chickens produced eggs; old chickens produced dinner [1].
Exploratory Analysis of the Activity Time-Use Frontier and Its Effect on Episodic Well-Being: Data from the Disability and Use of Time Survey

The role of time (as a constrained resource) in terms of budgets and expenditures is of great importance in travel behavior analysis within the context of daily activity engagement choices, emotional well-being, and quality of life. This research investigated the behavioral links between activity time budgets and episodic well-being measures in a two-stage process, using data from the 2009 Disability and Use of Time Survey. First, with the use of the episodic-level data, time budgets were formulated with the use of a stochastic frontier modeling approach. The technical inefficiency measure that represented the degree to which an individual expended his or her time (or an upper bound of the time budget) in activity engagement was also derived. Second, with the use of this measure of technical inefficiency, the effects on reported individuals’ episodic well-being measures were further investigated. The indicators of well-being—happiness, calmness, frustration, sadness, worry, tiredness, and pain—were analyz...
Dopaminergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Signaling in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Dopamine (DA) controls a wide variety of striatal functions, including action selection and associative learning. This is achieved by modulating cortical and thalamic glutamatergic synapses formed on principal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and the way in which these signals are processed. Accumulating evidence suggests that D1 receptor signaling enhances dendritic excitability and glutamatergic signaling in striatonigral MSNs, whereas D2 receptor signaling exerts the opposite effect in striatopallidal MSNs. The functional antagonism between these two major striatal DA receptors extends to the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Using brain slices from DA receptor transgenic mice, recent studies have uncovered important differences between MSNs that shape long-term alterations in glutamatergic signaling with experience. These results are consistent with network models of striatal function, suggesting that DA acts in a push–pull fashion in action selection. Work in models of Parkinson’s disease has shown this bidirectionality is lost following DA depletion, pointing to the mechanisms underlying network dysfunction in this disease as well as in others with strong DA determinants like drug abuse.
A Comparison of Two Content Area Curriculum-Based Measurement Tools.

In the present study, two types of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) tools in science, Vocabulary Matching (VM) and Statement Verification for Science (SV-S), a modified Sentence Verification Tech...
High-Speed Additive Manufacturing Through High-Aspect-Ratio Nozzles

The feasibility of layer-by-layer manufacturing through high-aspect-ratio (HAR) nozzles for microextrusion of paste to deposit planes has been investigated. Various conditions for paste extrusion, including nozzle moving speed, piston speed, extrusion rate, and distance between the nozzle tip and substrate, have been evaluated. By linking various microextrusion parameters together with the aid of a critical distance concept derived from microextrusion using circular nozzles and addressing the extrusion delay in response to the change of the piston speed and air pocket problems properly, we successfully microextruded single planes, multilayer objects, and larger planes made of multiple smaller planes side by side through HAR nozzles. It is further demonstrated that the X–Y dimensions of an extruded plane in the steady-state extrusion stage are determined by the nozzle travel distance and the length of the HAR nozzle opening if microextrusion is conducted with proper conditions. However, the height of the extruded plane is not only determined by the microextrusion conditions, but also affected by the drying shrinkage of the paste after microextrusion. This demonstration of the feasibility of using a HAR nozzle machine opens the door to manufacture of multimaterial, multilayer devices with high productivity in the near future.
NORMAL VALUES OF CENTRAL BLOOD FLOW IN PRETERM INFANTS AFTER THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

Background: Central blood flow measurements can provide more detailed information on the haemodynamic condition of the preterm infant. However, normal values for right ventricular output (RVO) and left ventricular output (LVO) and superior vena cava (SVC) flow are only available during the transitional phase (48 h). Objective: The aim of this study is to collect normal values for RVO, LVO and SVC flow after the transitional phase in healthy preterm infants. Methods: RVO, LVO and SVC flow were measured with functional echocardiography on day 7 and day 14 in preterm infants less than 32 weeks. Infants with a large patent ductus arteriosus, an atrial shunt or with an intercurrent disease and infants treated with artificial ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure with >30% oxygen, inotropes or other cardiovascular support were excluded Results: We performed 31 and 29 measurements on, respectively, days 7 and 14 in a total of 41 infants with a median gestational age (range) of 29 weeks (25–31). RVO and LVO values were higher and SVC flow was comparable with previously published data. There were no significant differences between days 7 and 14 of life (table). Conclusions: Normal values for RVO and LVO flow but not SVC flow seem to be higher in the first weeks of life compared with the transitional phase in healthy preterm infants. Furthermore, these flow variables seem to remain stable over time.
Hooking Up and Emerging Adults’ Relationship Attitudes and Expectations

The dating landscape has changed markedly in recent years, with many emerging adults taking a less committed approach to relationships and sex (e.g., “hooking up”). Delayed marital transitions and declining rates of marriage have led to concerns that the rise of the “hookup culture” is associated with a devaluing of marriage. Previous research on associations between sexual attitudes or overall sexual experience and marital attitudes has produced inconsistent findings and is not representative of modern union formation and sexual norms. Using a sample of 248 emerging adults, we examined associations between engagement in casual sexual behavior (i.e., hooking up) and expectations for future committed relationships and marriage as well as attitudes toward current relationship involvement. Contrary to concerns about the devaluation of marriage, results indicated that level of engagement in hooking up was not associated with expectations for involvement in future committed relationships, including marriage. However, hooking up was associated with less favorable attitudes toward current relationship involvement. These findings suggest that engagement in hooking up is a time-specific behavior that aligns with the self-focused nature of emerging adulthood, rather than indicating a lack of interest in future committed relationships or marriage.
The Index of Social Progress: Objective Approaches (3)

World social development has arrived at a critical turning point. Economically advanced nations have made significant progress toward meeting the basic needs of their populations; however, the majority of developing countries have not. Problems of rapid population growth, failing economies, famine, environmental devastation, majority-minority group conflicts, increasing militarization, among others, are pushing many developing nations toward the brink of social chaos. This chapter focuses on global development trends for the 40-year period 1970–2011. Particular attention is given to the disparities in development that exist both within and between the world’s “rich” and “poor” countries–disparities in income that affect at least 1,000 million people and which are unsustainable over the long term. This chapter examines the internal and external social, economic, and political inequalities that sustain these disparities. The chapter also discusses the more recent positive developing trends that are taking place in the world’s least developed countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In the main, the recent dramatic improvements taking place is these countries are associated with the launching in 2005 of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Campaign with its ambitious eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Sexual Selection and Aggressive Behavior in Drosophila

There are many other structures and instincts which must have been developed through sexual selection – such as the weapons of offence and the means of defense – of the males for fighting with and driving away their rivals – their courage and pugnacity – their various ornaments – their contrivances for producing vocal or instrumental music – and their glands for emitting odors, most of these latter structures serving only to allure or excite the female. It is clear that these characters are the result of sexual and not of ordinary selection, since unarmed, unornamented, or unattractive males would succeed equally well in the battle for life and in leaving a numerous progeny, but for the presence of better endowed males. Darwin (1871, p. 278)
Metabolism and Secretion of Androgens by Rat Seminiferous Tubules: Tracer Superfusion Studies

Although the seminiferous tubules are known to possess enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of androgens, it is unclear whether they are capable of producing steroid hormones independently of precursors supplied by the interstitial cells.
GREEN, Gene L., Stephen T. PARDUE and K. K. YEO (eds), The Spirit over the Earth: Pneumatology in the Majority World

GREEN, Gene L., Stephen T. PARDUE and K. K. YEO (eds), The Spirit over the Earth: Pneumatology in the Majority World . Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2016. 208pp. Pbk. ISBN: 9780802872739. £9.99.
Skew PBW monads and representations

Let R be an associative ring, θ a map from some set G to the group Aut(R) of automorphisms of the ring R such that the image of θ is a semigroup in Aut(R). A skew PBW (Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt) ring related to the map θ is an associative ring R{θ,ξ} which contains R as a subring and is a free right R-module with a basis {x s | s ∈ G} such that rx s = θ s (r)x s for any s ∈ G and all r ∈ R. The symbol ξ stays for the multiplication table: x s x t = Σx u ξ (s,t | u). We assume that G has a marked element * which the map θ sends into id R ; and x * = 1 — the identity element of the ring R. Important special cases of skew PBW rings are (quantized) enveloping algebra of an arbitrary Kac-Moody Lie algebra, enveloping algebras of reductive Lie algebras, Heisenberg and Weyl algebras (of an arbitrary rank) and their ‘quantum’ deformations, enveloping algebra of. the Virasoro Lie algebra, crossed products. The main result of this chapter, Theorem 6.6.3, describes (gives a canonical realization of) the spectrum of the category R{θ,ξ} — mod in terms of the spectrum of R — mod. Recall that annihilaters of modules from the spectrum are prime ideals, and if the ring is left noetherian, any prime ideal is the annihilator of a module of the spectrum (cf. Corollary I.6.4.6). Another fact is that the spectrum of a category contains isomorphy classes of all simple objects. And Theorem 6.6.3 allows to single out immediately a series of irreducible representations of R{θ,ξ} which could be called generalized Harish-Chandra modules. A more involved application of Theorem 6.6.3 (and some other facts of the developed in Chapters III, IV noncommutative spectral theory) allows to find some natural classes of non-diagonalizable irreducible representations of reductive Lie algebras and Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
Machine learning of ab-initio energy landscapes for crystal structure predictions

Abstract We present a machine learning approach to calculate unrelaxed and relaxed formation energies of compounds relative to the ground state crystal structure of the pure components in the context of structure predictions in binary systems. Typical methods for structure predictions such as genetic algorithms often rely on density-functional theory codes to perform such calculations at a relatively high computational cost. In this work, we explore two commonly used kernel-based learning algorithms, kernel ridge regression and support vector regression. The efficiency of machine learning approaches relies on suitable data representations that encode the relevant physical information about the crystal structures. We select partial radial distribution functions to represent this structural information. We apply the machine learning approaches to the binary Li-Ge system and show that these methods provide small root-mean square prediction errors of about 20 meV/atom across the composition and structure space. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model can be trained to predict the formation energies of the relaxed structures with the same accuracy when given unrelaxed structures as input. The high accuracy for the prediction of the relaxed energies of unrelaxed structures suggests that the machine-learning method can eliminate unlikely candidate structures from a genetic algorithm search, thus reducing the computational cost required for the explorations of energy landscapes and improving the performance of genetic algorithms for structure predictions.
The Monster Next Door: Monstrosity, Matricide, and Masquerade in Kirino Natsuo’s Real World

This article considers the textual importance of matricide in Kirino Natsuo’s 2004 novel Real World. On the one hand, Kirino deploys the death of the maternal figure, which is committed by a teenag...
Growth Mindsets of Alcoholism Buffer Against Deleterious Effects of Drinking Identity on Problem Drinking Over Time

BACKGROUND Explicit (self-report) and implicit (indirect) measures of identification with drinking alcohol-drinking identity-are associated with drinking outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A key next step is to identify moderators. The current study evaluated a promising moderator: mindsets of alcoholism. Believing people can change (growth mindset) is associated with adaptive outcomes in domains such as mental health, but research is scant regarding mindsets related to problematic drinking. We evaluated whether individuals' alcoholism mindsets moderated the drinking identity to drinking relation as part of a larger, longitudinal web-based study of heavy drinkers. METHODS A total of 422 US college graduates (59% women) who were heavy drinkers completed measures assessing drinking identity, mindsets, and drinking outcomes (consumption, problems, and risk of alcohol use disorder). Drinking outcomes were assessed at 2 subsequent assessments occurring 4 and 8 months after the initial assessment. RESULTS Drinking identity was positively associated with drinking outcomes, and drinking outcomes reduced following college graduation. Alcoholism mindsets were significantly and negatively correlated with all drinking outcomes. Mindsets were only conditionally associated with drinking behaviors over time in models that evaluated mindsets, drinking identity measures, and their interaction. Mindsets moderated the relationship between drinking identity and changes in drinking behaviors, but the relation was specific to explicit drinking identity and consumption. Among participants with stronger drinking identity, those who had stronger (vs. weaker) growth mindsets reported reduction in consumption over time. CONCLUSIONS Growth mindsets of alcoholism appear adaptive for college graduate heavy drinkers with a stronger drinking identity. Mindsets are amenable to interventions; targeting them may be useful in heavy-drinking college graduates.
An engaged learning approach to teaching object-oriented programming

This workshop will demonstrate the use of engaged learning approaches with a variety of technologies (Alice 3.0, Greenfoot, and low-cost robots controlled by Java programs) to achieve the following goals: 1. Improve first-year undergraduate students' ability to understand object-oriented programming concepts and to independently write Java code to solve small applied programming problems. 2. Increase the frequency of student on-task communication with one another during class and laboratory exercises, and increase the percent of time that students are on-task and actively engaged during class.
Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: the Mayo Clinic approach

Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a rare form of endometriosis that often results in substantial pain and debility. The current treatment algorithm for AWE is not well established. The purpose of this review is to describe the Mayo Clinic experience with thermal ablation of symptomatic AWE as well as to review current imaging and interventional literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of AWE.
Modulation of emissivity in coupled-resonator systems

Past work in infrared meta materials has demonstrated the ability to tune the thermal emissivity of a material in the spectral domain. Much of this work has been based on single resonant modes. Here, we explore the new capabilities provided by systems of multiple, coupled resonators for emissivity tuning. In particular, we demonstrate how coupling can be used to enhanced tenability and reconfigurability for the cases of structural and index tuning.
A Randomized Trial Evaluating Exercise for the Prevention of Weight Regain.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three levels of exercise on weight regain subsequent to clinically meaningful weight loss (WL). Methods Adults with overweight or obesity (n = 298) initiated a 3-month behavioral WL intervention, which included reduced energy intake, increased exercise, and weekly behavioral counseling. Participants achieving ≥5% WL (n = 235) began a 12-month behavioral WL maintenance intervention and were randomized to 150 min/wk (n = 76), 225 min/wk (n = 80), or 300 min/wk (n = 79) of partially supervised moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise. Results Participants randomized to 150, 225, and 300 minutes of exercise completed 129 ± 30, 153 ± 49 and 179 ± 62 min/wk of exercise (supervised + unsupervised), respectively. Mean WL at 3 months (9.5 ± 3.1 kg) was similar across randomized groups (P = 0.68). Weight change across 12 months was 1.1 ± 6.5 kg, 3.2 ± 5.7 kg, and 2.8 ± 6.9 kg in the 150, 225, and 300 min/wk groups, respectively. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed no significant overall trend across the three treatment groups (P = 0.09), effects for group (P = 0.08), or sex (P = 0.21). Conclusions This study found no evidence for an association between the volume of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise and weight regain across 12 months following clinically relevant WL. Further, results suggest that exercise volumes lower than those currently recommended for WL maintenance, when completed in conjunction with a behavioral weight-maintenance intervention, may minimize weight regain over 12 months.
Religion as (Culturally) extended phenotype

The Joy of Religion extends the line of thought Ariel Glucklich introduced in his earlier treatise about a very different affective state—pain. This earlier work noted that nuanced interpretations ...