cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The head butler with design modification: a useful mountable shelf for the operating table in robotic surgery.

The ‘head butler’ or ‘iron maiden’, as it is sometimes referred to, is a mountable shelf that is attached to the main operating room table using stirrup clamps or brackets. It provides an elevated flat surface, which protects the patient’s face and chest from inadvertent trauma of robotic arms, instruments and camera while also serving as a platform for placement of instrumentation that minimizes handoffs to improve workflow. Its canted design also prevents slippage of instruments off the operating field during steep Trendelenburg positioning. This operating room equipment was designed to improve efficiency in an operating room set-up while ensuring safety during patient positioning when performing robotic procedures. A modification of the original Head Butler® (Tri-Medical Corporation, Portland, OR, USA) is presented here which improves upon the design by avoiding brachial plexus nerve injury to the patient due to pressure from the uprights pressing on the patient’s shoulders during use.
Preface: Special issue on Italian American literature

(2002). Preface: Special issue on Italian American literature. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 167-171.
Variation in Radiocarbon Age Determinations from the Crystal River Archaeological Site, Florida

Archaeologists interested in radiocarbon dating shell midden sites express concern regarding the accuracy of shell dates and how such determinations should be interpreted. This article discusses the problem of dating shells from sites in the southeastern United States. New results are presented comparing shell, bone, and soil-charcoal age determinations from the Crystal River site, located along the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida. Crystal River is a large multimound site whose occupants engaged in long-distance exchange throughout eastern North America during the Woodland period (~1000 BC to AD 1050). In the summer of 2012, test units were excavated in several contexts at the site, including both mounds and occupation areas. Samples were collected for 14 C dating, which were then processed at the University of Georgia Center for Applied Isotope Studies. This article focuses on samples from the stratified shell midden, from which it was hoped to construct a local correction for marine shell that could be used to date other contexts. The soil-charcoal and bone collagen from these samples have very similar ages (bone samples ranging from about 100 cal BC to cal AD 530 and soil-charcoal from cal AD 345 to 560); however, the shell samples collected from the same stratigraphic units are significantly older than the terrestrial dates (ranging from 1300 to 390 cal BC). The difference in calibrated ages between organic materials and the shells ranges between 560 to 1140 yr. This phenomenon cannot be explained solely by the marine reservoir effect. It appears that all the shell samples formed in mixed marine (~50−60%) contexts, as indicated by the stable isotope ratios and the amount of atmospheric carbon remaining in the samples. The age of the shell samples cannot be used to date archaeological events as they are influenced not only by the marine reservoir effect, but also the local hardwater effect, which makes them significantly older. DOI: 10.2458/56.16960
Autism grows up: opportunities for adults with autism

A disability is a natural part of human experience that should not inhibit one’s ability to experience independence, equal opportunity and economic self‐sufficiency. It is not known how caregivers of adults with a specific disability, an autism spectrum disorder, would frame these opportunities for their children living in the USA. This survey explored the needs of 143 families supporting an adult with autism and the opportunities afforded them in socialization, employment and residential living. The results of the study indicated a lack of available support for caregivers and limited opportunities for their family member with autism in the areas of socialization, employment and residential living, especially for those most severely affected with autism. Implications for societal change are presented.
Expression of genes involved in placental glucose uptake and transport in the nonobese diabetic mouse pregnancy

Objective: Maternal diabetes alters placental glucose metabolism and maternofetal glucose transport. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genes involved in placental glucose uptake and transport were concomitantly altered, resulting in the observed changes in the state of maternal diabetes. Study Design: By means of the nonobese diabetic pregnant mouse we examined the expression of placental glucose transporters, hexokinase I, glycogen content, glycogen-regulating enzyme activities in control animals (blood glucose 8.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L, n = 25), moderate maternal diabetes (blood glucose 10 to 13.9 mmol/L, n = 16), and severe maternal diabetes (blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/L, n = 12). Comparisons by the analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test were performed. Results: Although changes in placental glucose transporters and hexokinase I messenger ribonucleic acid levels occurred, neither state of diabetes altered the corresponding protein levels. Changes in placental deoxyribonucleic acid ( p p p p p p Conclusions: Placental glucose transporting and phosphorylating protein levels by themselves do not regulate diabetes-induced fetoplacental alterations. The lack of a protective decline in these proteins may account for the observed fetoplacental adaptations to excess glucose.
Teaching web services and service-oriented architecture using mobile platforms

Even as everyday software increasingly transitions to online software services, many educational projects in software development courses still remain on single-user PC systems. To better prepare our students for this emerging trend in software development, material on web services and service-oriented architecture should become more of a focus in computer science courses. This paper describes our experiences in teaching a senior-level course at the University of Virginia in the fall of 2009 geared around the concepts of web services and service-oriented architecture using the Windows Mobile platform. In this course, students worked in teams to produce web services that could be utilized by other teams to eventually build a campus tour application for the Windows Mobile device. We believe that using mobile devices is an optimal vehicle for teaching service-oriented architecture due to their relatively limited processing power, portability, pervasiveness in society, and interest among students.
Will preventing protein aggregates live up to its promise as prophylaxis against neurodegenerative diseases

Protein aggregation and misfolding characterize most age-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases. Protein aggregation has generally been assumed to be responsible for neurodegeneration in these disorders due to association and genetics. However, protein aggregation may, in fact, be an attempt to protect neurons from the stress resulting from the disease etiology. In this review, we weigh the evidence of whether removal of amyloids, aggregates and neuronal inclusions represent a reasonable strategy for protecting neurons.
A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students

A conceptual framework for assessing student motivation and self-regulated learning in the college classroom is presented. The framework is based on a self-regulatory (SRL) perspective on student motivation and learning in contrast to a student approaches to learning (SAL) perspective. The differences between SRL and SAL approaches are discussed, as are the implications of the SRL conceptual framework for developing instruments to assess college student motivation and learning. The conceptual framework may be useful in guiding future research on college student motivation and learning.
The Role of Vegetation–Climate Interaction and Interannual Variability in Shaping the African Savanna

Using a coupled atmosphere‐land‐vegetation model of intermediate complexity, the authors explore how vegetation‐climate interaction and internal climate variability might influence the vegetation distribution in Africa. When the model is forced by observed climatological sea surface temperature (SST), positive feedbacks from vegetation changes tend to increase the spatial gradient between desert regions and forest regions at the expense of savanna regions. When interannual variation of SST is included, the climate variability tends to reduce rainfall and vegetation in the wetter regions and to increase them in the drier regions along this gradient, resulting in a smoother desert‐forest transition. This effect is most dramatically demonstrated in a model parameter regime for which multiple equilibria (either a desertlike or a forestlike Sahel) can exist when strong vegetation‐climate feedbacks are allowed. However, the presence of a variable SST drives the desertlike state and the forestlike state toward an intermediate grasslike state, because of nonlinearities in the coupled system. Both vegetation and interannual variability thus play active roles in shaping the subtropical savanna ecosystem.
Retinopathy and CKD as Predictors of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994

Background Retinopathy is associated with increased mortality risk in general populations. We evaluated the joint effect of retinopathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on mortality in a representative sample of US adults. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 7,640 adults from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 1988-1994 with mortality linkage through December 31, 2006. Predictors CKD, defined as low estimated glomerular filtration rate ( 2 ) or albuminuria (urine protein-creatinine ratio ≥30mg/g), and retinopathy, defined as the presence of microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, microvascular abnormalities, or other evidence of diabetic retinopathy by fundus photograph. Outcomes All-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Measurements Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards. Results Overall, 4.6% of participants had retinopathy and 15% had CKD. Mean age was 56 years, 53% were women, and 81% were non-Hispanic whites. The prevalence of retinopathy in patients with CKD was 11%. We identified 2,634 deaths during 14.5 years' follow-up. In multivariable analyses, compared with individuals with neither CKD nor retinopathy, HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.75-1.38), 1.52 (95% CI, 1.35-1.72), and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.77-3.22) for individuals with retinopathy only, those with CKD only, and those with both CKD and retinopathy, respectively. Corresponding HRs for cardiovascular mortality were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.50-1.84), 1.72 (95% CI, 1.47-2.00), and 2.96 (95% CI, 2.11-4.15), respectively. There was a significant synergistic interaction between retinopathy and CKD on all-cause mortality ( P =0.04). Limitations The presence of retinopathy was evaluated only once. Small sample size of some of the subpopulations studied. Conclusions In the presence of CKD, retinopathy is a strong predictor of mortality in this adult population.
An Evaluation of an Object-Oriented Paradigm for Land Use/Land Cover Classification∗

Object-oriented image classification has tremendous potential to improve classification accuracies of land use and land cover (LULC), yet its benefits have only been minimally tested in peer-reviewed studies. We aim to quantify the benefits of an object-oriented method over a traditional pixel-based method for the mixed urban–suburban–agricultural landscape surrounding Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. To do so, we compared a traditional pixel-based classification using maximum likelihood to the object-oriented image classification paradigm embedded in eCognition Professional 4.0 software. This object-oriented paradigm has at least four components not typically used in pixel-based classification: (1) the segmentation procedure, (2) nearest neighbor classifier, (3) the integration of expert knowledge, and (4) feature space optimization. We evaluated each of these components individually to determine the source of any improvement in classification accuracy. We found that the combination of segmentation into image o...
A Dynamic Model of Acreage Allocation with General and Crop-Specific Soil Capital

We develop an empirically tractable model of acreage allocation decisions in which farmers consider impacts of current crop production 00 future soil productivity. Because of the soil productivity effects, future crop prices are shown to affect current acreage allocations. Government programs which alter farmers' expectations of future crop prices relative to current prices also alter farmers' consideration of soil productivity effects of current acreage allocations. Reduced form and structural versions of our model are shown to yield reasonable parameter estimates.
Style and the Self

Archaeologists have always had to confront, either directly or indirectly, one issue concerning material culture: the nature, degree, and meaning of stylistic variation. Whereas many archaeologists have defined style in almost static terms as reflecting culture or ethnicity, others have considered style as a dynamic process in social organizational studies. Virtually all archaeological approaches assert that style involves the individual expression of some fashion, taste, concept, or meaning shared within a group. The group may be as small as a coresident family or as large as several culturally related societies. In emphasizing style as a cognitive process centered on the relationship between individual and group, such approaches typically employ some conceptualization of self or identity. Although a few archaeologists have explicitly used the concepts of self and identity in theories of style, most have based their approaches to style on an implicit understanding of these concepts.
Input source and strength influences overall firing phase of model hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during theta: relevance to REM sleep reactivation and memory consolidation.

In simulation studies using a realistic model CA1 pyrami- dal cell, we accounted for the shift in mean firing phase from theta cycle peaks to theta cycle troughs during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep reactivation of hippocampal CA1 place cells over several days of growing familiarization with an environment (Brain Res 855:176-180). Changes in the theta drive phase and amplitude between proximal and distal dendritic regions of the cell modulated the theta phase of firing when stimuli were presented at proximal and distal dendritic locations. Stimuli at proximal dendritic sites (proximal to 100 lm from the soma) invoked firing with a significant phase preference at the depolarizing theta peaks, while distal stimuli (>290 m mf rom the soma) invoked fi ring at hyperpolarizing theta troughs. The input location-related phase prefer- ence depended on active dendritic conductances, a sufficient electrotonic separation between input sites and theta-induced subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in the cell. The simulation results predict that the shift in mean theta phase during REM sleep cellular reactivation could occur through potentiation of distal dendritic (temporo-ammonic) synapses and depotentiation of proximal dendritic (Schaffer collateral) synapses over the course of familiarization. V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of the Ohm and Mho Principles to Protective Relays

THE mho relay unit was first used 15 years ago as the directional unit for an early-type reactance relay. Thus it can be said that “mho” applied to relays is a new term applied to an old principle. The mathematical justification for the term has been given in a paper1 describing the use of the mho unit in a carrier-current relaying scheme. The mho unit in its present form is a directional impedance unit whose accuracy is comparable with that of the reactance ohm unit used in a distance relay.
Extending memory in the neuromic array

The authors describe an algorithm which stores information and provides a learning capability. This algorithm is affiliated with a class of neural networks which are referred to as neuromic arrays. The algorithms may be viewed as a generalized training procedure for the affiliated networks. The algorithm is demonstrated via simulation for several binary vectoral training sets. It is shown that the binary universe (-1,1)/sup n/ can be taken as the training set. Simulations which demonstrate learning for the n=4, 6, 8 cases are presented. The problem of subdividing the binary universe into a disjoint cover of training subsets is considered. Simulations are used to explore the robustness and recognition performance of the training algorithm when applied to the binary universe and/or its disjoint covers. >
Laboratory stressors in clinically anxious and non-anxious individuals: The moderating role of mindfulness

Abstract Objective Mindfulness forms the basis for multiple clinical interventions and has been induced in laboratory settings. However, few studies have examined the effects of dispositional or trait mindfulness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of trait mindfulness to laboratory stressor responding across fear-based anxiety disorder and non-anxious samples. We hypothesized that trait mindfulness would be associated with diminished stressor responding above and beyond the contribution of anxiety and depression-related variables, and to a greater extent in high anxiety than low anxiety individuals. Methods 90 participants, including 46 with anxiety disorders and 44 non-anxious controls, were assessed on hyperventilation and relaxation stressors. The relationship of trait mindfulness to stressor-related anxiety, negative affect, and duration was investigated in a hierarchical multiple regression model. Results Trait mindfulness predicted stressor responding in over 80% of measured outcomes, and predicted to a greater extent among high anxiety individuals in 50% of outcomes. Conclusions Trait mindfulness was associated with diminished responses to laboratory stressors in clinically anxious and non-anxious samples. Implications for emotion regulation and clinical interventions are discussed.
Thermal Grooving in Single versus Multilayer Thin Films

A 2D analytic result is presented for the penetration distance P of grain boundary grooves as a function of time t during heating and straining of polycrystalline multilayer thin films with immiscible phases. These grooves can ultimately pinch off individual layers. The result shows that P ∼ t 0.25 initially and P ∼ t at longer time. This new analysis contrasts single- versus multilayer thin film response.
A chemiluminescence-based biosensor for metal ion detection

Abstract Inhibition of the native metalloenzyme, alkaline phosphatase, in the presence of some metal ions, and the reactivation of its apoenzyme by Zn(II) ions is used to determine metal ion concentrations. Alkaline phosphatase-catalysed hydrolysis of a chemiluminescent substrate, chloro 3-(4-methoxy spiro [1,2-dioxetane-3-2′-tricyclo-[3.3.1.1]-decan]-4-yl) phenyl phosphate, generates light. By measuring the chemiluminescence signal strength in the presence or absence of metal ions, this reaction can be used to detect and determine metal ion concentrations. The immobilization of alkaline phosphatase on different glass surfaces by covalent coupling using a bifunctional reagent, glutaraldehyde, was demonstrated. Using chemiluminescence measurements, Zn(II), Be(II) and Bi(III) were detected in trace levels. This technique forms the basis in the development of a metal ion-based fibre optic sensor.
Wavelength division multiplexed optical interconnect using short pulses

We demonstrate operation of a wavelength division multiplexed chip-to-chip optical interconnect using surface-normal electroabsorption modulators, and a modelocked laser as a single broadband source. The link was successfully operated at 80 Mb/s. While this rate was limited by the repetition rate of the modelocked source, individual CMOS circuits and optoelectronic devices have been shown to work at data rates approaching 1 Gb/s.
New Improvement Results on 7.5 kV 4H-SiC p-IGBTs with R diff, on of 26 mΩ·cm 2 at 25°C

A significant improvement in 4H-SiC p-IGBTs has been achieved. A differential on- resistance of ˜26 mΩ.cm2 was demonstrated at a gate bias of -16 V at 25°C. A novel current suppressing layer (CSL) was adopted to eliminate the JFET effect and enhance conductivity modulation by suppressing the current conduction through the BJT section. A hole mobility in the inversion channel of 10 cm2/V.s with a threshold voltage of -7.6 V was achieved by optimizing the n+-well doping profile and gate oxidation process. Inductive switching characterization has been conducted, and results have shown that p-IGBTs exhibit a turn-off time of ˜1 μs at -4 kV collector voltage and 25°C. A turn-off trajectory shows a square reverse bias safe operating area (RBSOA) indicating p-IGBTs are suitable devices for high power, high frequency applications.
What Is So New About Mixed Methods

In this article, I dispute claims that mixed methods research emerged only recently in the social sciences. I argue that some anthropologists and sociologists (and others) have used mixed methods in fieldwork for at least 80 years, and there are studies from early in the 20th century that clearly fall within the definition of "mixed methods." I explore some of the history of the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data in earlier ethnographic works and show that in some sectors of social science research, the "emergence" and proliferation of mixed methods were particularly notable around the middle of the 20th century. Furthermore, concerning issues about "paradigms of research" in the social sciences, I identify some of the types of research in which the mixing of QUAL and QUAN approaches was more likely to occur. I suggest that some of the literature about research paradigms has involved a certain amount of "myth-making" in connection with descriptions of qualitative and quantitative research assumptions and styles.
Design of a DVD-AV receiver using a single-chip DVD processor

The recent successes of DVD players in consumer electronics, combined with a constant evolution of audio compression formats, necessitate the integration of DVD players with AV (audio/video) receivers. Traditional DVD-AV receivers use board-level integration of separate DVD player and AV-receiver ICs. We present a more cost-effective approach using a single-chip DVD processor. In addition, we describe a modular audio processing pipeline with five main components: the DSP operating system; the DSP application programming interface; the compressed data decoder; the matrix decoder; the audio post-processor.
Restoring tropical diversity: beating the time tax on species loss

Summary 1 Fragmentation of tropical forest is accelerating at the same time that already cleared land reverts to secondary growth. Fragments inexorably lose deep-forest species to local extinction while embedded in low-diversity stands of early successional pioneer trees. 2 Pasture matrices undergoing passive secondary succession become a ‘pioneer desert’ from the vantage of remnant immigration, imposing a ‘time tax’ of loss of deep-forest plants from forest fragments. However, if seeds of deep-forest trees find pastures, or seedlings are planted there, many will prosper. 3 Bypassing early domination of pioneer trees in regenerating matrices, or enriching matrices with animal-dispersed forest trees, may stem the loss of species from forest fragments and accelerate succession far from the edges of old forest. 4 Synthesis and applications. Planting disperser-limited trees that establish in open ground may bypass 30–70 years of species attrition in isolated remnants by attracting animals that encourage normal processes of seed dispersal into and out of the fragments. Development of criteria for selection of persistent, reasonably rapidly growing, animal-dispersed species that are mixed with planted or naturally arriving pioneers will be an important component of enrichment planting.
The Ethics of the Match.

—Potter Stewart Honesty and enthusiasm should go hand in hand when determining a future in the field one has chosen. However, the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) match process is a stressful time during which candidates and programs struggle to balance enthusiasm and honesty with self-interest. The NRMP match first started in 1952 to create a uniform date to accept residency offers. After Sir William Osler started the first residency program in 1889, competition among hospitals for incoming residents led to increasingly early offers of internships to students. Hospitals had limited information about students’ performance, and applicants had to accept or reject positions without knowing which other offers might be forthcoming [1]. The match algorithm addressed students’ struggles with short deadlines and hospitals’ need to scramble for available students [2]. However, decades after its creation, issues still arise in the process. In particular, postinterview, prematch communication has caused frustration for both program directors and applicants alike, as presented in a previous letter to the editor in JACR [3]. In another survey, 94% of programdirectors felt that theNRMP process placed their programs in the position of having to be dishonest
Generation of Islets from Pancreatic Progenitor Cells

results from an inadequate supply of insulinproducing β cells. Transplantation of islets isolated from cadaver pancreata has become more successful with new protocols and immunosuppressive drugs.1,2 However, new sources of insulin-producing cells must become available to extend β-cell replacement therapy to more of the thousands of patients with diabetes. Because the β cell is the cell lacking in diabetes, it is generally assumed that the replacement of just the β cell may be sufficient, but clear evidence is still lacking. As late as two decades ago, it was still commonly thought that one was born with all the β cells that one ever had; however, it has become clear that the mass of pancreatic β cells is dynamic and is regulated in an effort to maintain euglycemia.3–5 A number of in vivo models have provided evidence that there is a cell renewal process (both replication and neogenesis) that occurs at low levels in normal adult rodents and can be stimulated greatly by experimental conditions. This latter case is what should be considered regeneration; it is likely, but still needs rigorous evidence, that normal growth and regeneration in response to injury or to increased stimulation involve the same progenitor cells and the same pathways. Understanding the regulation of the normal process may lead to new therapies for diabetes that involve generation of new islets either in vitro for transplantation or in vivo by stimulation of the endogenous pancreas. We will use replication to indicate the mitotic division of a cell already with a β cell phenotype and neogenesis to indicate the formation of new β cells from either progenitor or stem cells.
Some relationships between perceived generality and ambiguity in a set of words.

The broad problem in this study is to examine some relationships between generality and ambiguity for a set of words. The generality of a word refers to the inclusivesness of a class which the word names; and the more general the word, the less narrow is the referent class it represents. The ambiguity of a word is a condition where a word evokes more than one meaning response in a perceiver. The results of this study suggest that no functional difference between the concepts of generality and ambiguity was perceived by the participating subjects.
Gas hydrate formation in reversed micelles

We describe a technique to modify protein solubility and optimize enzyme activity in reversed micellar solutions. The technique is based on the ability of hydrates of natural gas to form in the micro-aqueous phase. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline inclusions of water and gas, and their formation in bulk water has traditionally been studied with relevance to natural gas recovery. We have found that hydrates can form in the environment of the microaqueous pools of reversed micelles, and that their extent of formation can be well controlled through the thermodynamic variables of temperature and pressure. Additionally, formation of hydrates affects the size and aggregation number of the micelles, and thus influences the solubility and conformation of encapsulated proteins. We demonstrate how the concept can be used in two applications: (i) protein extraction into reversed micelles and subsequent recovery, and (ii) optimization of enzyme activity in reversed micelles.
Biochemical and structural analysis of the hyperpolarization-activated K(+) channel MVP.

In contrast to the majority of voltage-gated ion channels, hyperpolarization-activated channels remain closed at depolarizing potentials and are activated at hyperpolarizing potentials. The basis for this reverse polarity is thought to be a result of differences in the way the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) couples to the pore domain. In the absence of structural data, the molecular mechanism of this reverse polarity coupling remains poorly characterized. Here we report the characterization of the structure and local dynamics of the closed activation gate (lower S6 region) of MVP, a hyperpolarization-activated potassium channel from Methanococcus jannaschii, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We show that a codon-optimized version of MVP has high expression levels in Escherichia coli, is purified as a stable tetramer, and exhibits expected voltage-dependent activity when reconstituted in liposomes. EPR analysis of the mid to lower S6 region revealed positions exhibiting strong spin–spin ...
Ensuring Trust and Security in the Industrial IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)

Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a distributed network of smart sensors that enables precise control and monitoring of complex processes over arbitrary distances. The great advantage of the industrial IoT is counterbalanced by a security weakness. The insertion of a smart device capable of extracting protected data or malicious actions can infect the whole network with relative ease. Thus it becomes imperative to discover whether or not new devices have the right capabilities and compatibilities with other sensors. This article presents a zero knowledge protocol that achieves precisely that objective while keeping the sensor data private.
Changes in feeding behavior patterns and dry matter intake before clinical symptoms associated with bovine respiratory disease in growing bulls

Methods to improve accuracy of preclinical detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are needed to reduce the economic impact of this disease, improve animal welfare, and promote more judicious use of antimicrobials in beef cattle. The objectives of this study were to retrospectively characterize time-series deviations in DMI and feeding behavior patterns preceding the display of observed clinical symptoms associated with BRD and to identify those feeding behavior traits that would be most predictive of BRD. The study was conducted with 231 seed stock bulls (391 ± 55 kg initial BW) representing 5 breeds that were housed in a facility equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks at a commercial bull-test facility. All bulls were vaccinated against standard viral and bacterial pathogens before and on arrival at the facility. Daily DMI and feeding behavior traits (frequency and duration of bunk visit events, head-down duration, variance of nonfeeding intervals, and time to approach feed bunk following feed-truck delivery) were measured for 70 d with a GrowSafe system. During a 10-d period from Day 28 to 37 of the trial, 30 bulls were administered antimicrobial therapy for clinical symptoms of BRD (rectal temperatures > 39.5°C). All remaining bulls ( = 201) were administered metaphylactic therapy on Day 38 of the trial in response to an acute decrease in feed intake. A retrospective analysis was conducted using a 2-slope broken-line regression model to identify inflection points in DMI and feeding behavior traits relative to onset of illness. The bulls were separated into 2 cohort groups based on observed clinical illness ( = 30) or those metaphylactically treated ( = 201), with the 2-slope broken-line regression model applied separately to each cohort. The model-detected inflection points for DMI were 6.8 and 3.8 d before observed clinical illness and metaphylactic treatment, respectively, and the reductions in DMI from detected inflection points to the day of observed clinical illness and day of metaphylactic treatment were 39.3 and 49.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the model-detected inflection points for individual feeding behavior traits ranged from 1.3 to 14.2 d before observed clinical illness and from 3.8 to 12.6 d before metaphylactic treatment. Results from this study demonstrate the potential value of electronic behavior-monitoring systems to improve the sensitivity and specificity of preclinical detection of BRD in feedlot cattle.
Analysis on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst in Chaohua Coal Mine

By analyzing gas geological conditions of Chaohua Mine,the paper obtained the characteristics of tectonic coal under the action of the geological structure,such as,the consistency coefficient of coal is 0.1～0.3,the gas pressure of coal seam appeared increasing trend irregularly due to the increase of mining depth and influence of the geological structure.Three times dynamic phenomenon in Chaohua Mine was related to fault,it shows that the geological structure is the necessary conditions of gas outburst in the mine.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Development of Cognitive Abilities: Evidence From the Field of Developmental Behavior Genetics

Abstract Literature from the field of developmental behavior genetics is reviewed. Overall, the literature suggests that the relative effect of genetic influences on cognitive ability may increase with age, whereas the relative effect of shared environment—those environmental factors that serve to make children in the same family similar to one another—may decrease. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the importance of studying environmental influences outside the family.
An Interview with Richard Burrows about the Media Arts Standards: A Pathway to Expression and Knowing the World.

ABSTRACTMedia arts has been familiar to many through television, film, and digital graphics, and often appears as an extension of the four traditional arts disciplines: music, arts, theatre, and dance. As media arts continues to acquire its own unique identity, particularly through technological means, it has been included as a stand-alone discipline in the National Core Arts Standards with its own set of K–12 standards. However, K–12 educators and administrators may be unsure of what constitutes media arts, how to teach it, and how to address the Media Arts Standards within a K–12 arts curriculum. Richard Burrows, Media Arts co-chair to the National Coalition for Core Arts Standards and member of the Media Arts Standards writing team, recently provided his thoughts on how media arts can be defined for curricular purposes. The interview also included a discussion of the construction process of the Media Arts Standards, certification and licensure for teaching media arts, a possible media arts teacher educ...
Magneto-optical and magnetic properties in a Co/Pd multilayered thin film

Abstract The paper describes investigation of ferromagnetism at low temperatures. We explored the magneto-optical properties, influenced by photon–magnon interactions, of a ferromagnetic Co/Pd multilayered thin film below and above the magnon Bose–Einstein Condensation (BEC) temperature. Analyses of SQUID and MOKE low temperature experimental results reveal a noticeable phase transition in both magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the material at the BEC temperature.
Skeletal Growth and Development

Our bone health is dependent on genetics, age, sex, race, and environmental influences. There are several critical periods of rapid bone growth, including fetal development during the third trimester of pregnancy, immediately after birth, and during the pubertal growth spurt. Risky behavior such as poor diet, smoking, and alcohol can compromise bone health. Adverse intrauterine conditions may also have a lasting impression on skeletal growth; during the early years of life, that may compromise an individual’s ability to attain their full genetic potential, although some catch-up growth is possible. Childhood and adolescent bone mass is a strong predictor of fracture risk in adulthood. Increasing peak bone mass by as much as one standard deviation (1 SD) may reduce fracture risk in adulthood by as much as 50%. There is also strong evidence for a link between low bone mass and skeletal fragility and fracture risk during childhood. Nearly 50% of boys and 40% of girls will experience at least one forearm fracture prior to 18 years of age, with the highest risk of fracture occurring prior to the pubertal growth spurt. This chapter will explore maternal lifestyle choices that can impact fetal programming, the development of peak bone mass, regulators of growth, and factors that contribute to fracture risk during childhood.
Positron Emission Tomography and Cancer

Positron emission tomography, PET, is a potent imaging tool in the management of a diverse array of cancers. This chapter briefly discusses the rationale for PET imaging and describes how it differs from more typical anatomic imaging, reviews the principles of metabolic targeting with the radiolabeled glucose analogue 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG), and then describes the clinical results of PET imaging in several types of common cancers. Although there are detailed descriptions of tumor imaging with other modalities in several areas of this textbook, the discussion here focuses on the role of PET.
Deconvolution of the Human Endothelial Transcriptome

A systems approach deconvolutes genes specific to and enriched in endothelium from whole-organ transcriptome data, with applications to other cell types and tissues.
Delay optimization in unbuffered DS-CDMA Random Access Systems using Adaptive Retransmission Control

Network delay optimization in unbuffered DS-CDMA random access systems using adaptive packet retransmission is analyzed. The proposed system connects to unbuffered user terminals while offering an adaptive retransmission control (ARC) to eliminate backlog congestion. The delay for the unbuffered system provides a lower bound to the delay for systems with buffering and flow control. Numerical results show that the ARC delays are much lower than the delays with fixed retransmissions. The results are useful in designing such systems for deployment
A high power density drivetrain-integrated electric vehicle charger

This paper presents a new architecture for an isolated level 2 on-board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger which is integrated with the EV's drivetrain dc-dc boost converter. The proposed charger leverages many of the existing stages of a highly efficient and power-dense composite-architecture-based drivetrain boost converter. This composite boost converter comprises a buck, a boost and a dc transformer (DCX) stage. In selecting the proposed charging architecture, four alternative approaches to drivetrain integration are identified, explored and compared quantitatively in terms of added weight and charging losses. Out of the considered approaches, the proposed charging architecture provides an effective tradeoff between additional weight and charging losses. This drivetrain-integrated charger adds only a bridgeless-boost-based power factor correction (PFC) ac-dc stage, plus an H-bridge and a single winding to the composite boost converter, to achieve high-power on-board charging functionality without substantial additional weight. A 6.6 kW prototype of the proposed charger has been designed and its PFC stage built and tested. The PFC stage uses a digital implementation of a current sensor-less control strategy and employs effective ways of mitigating zero crossing distortion. The proposed charger architecture reduces the additional weight required for the onboard charging functionality, while achieving greater than 97% peak efficiency for the added charger module PFC stage.
Accountability in peer assessment: examining the effects of reviewing grades on peer ratings and peer feedback

ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of accountability on the consistency of peer ratings and quality of peer feedback by comparing three conditions: only rating accountability, only feedback accountability, or both rating and feedback accountability. From a large undergraduate course, 287 students’ peer ratings and peer feedback were coded for rating consistency, comment helpfulness, amount of feedback, and feedback features. Because only 30% of the students accurately perceived their assigned condition, data were analyzed according to the perceived condition. Students who believed their reviewing grade would be influenced by the helpfulness of their feedback not only provided more feedback, but also more criticism, solutions, and localized comments. These students also provided more consistent ratings than those who thought their reviewing grade would be influenced by the consistency of their ratings. These findings indicate that constructing helpful comments could have a broad influence on peer assessment...
Statistics informed boundary conditions for statistically equivalent representative volume elements of clustered composite microstructures

ABSTRACTHomogenized effective constitutive response of arbitrarily dispersed multiphase composites systems are computed using property-based statistically equivalent representative volume elements or P-SERVEs. P-SERVEs are subjected to affine transformation-based displacement boundary conditions, uniform traction boundary conditions or periodic boundary conditions. Predicted P-SERVE sizes are larger as the above boundary conditions ignore the influence of the inclusions exterior to the P-SERVE. Exterior statistics-based boundary conditions (ESBCs) accounting for the presence of fibers and their interactions in the domain exterior to the P-SERVE have been derived in Ghosh and Kubair (2016, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 96, pp. 1–24). In the present study, ESBCs are derived for statistically inhomogeneous microstructures using the two-point correlation functions used in the statistically informed Greens functions. Comparisons are also made with the statistical volume element approach. It is concluded that the...
Odor-Based Runway Performance of Rats as A Function of Type of Reinforcer and Multiple Deprivation Conditions

Two experiments examining the development of odor-based double-alternation patterning under concurrent food and water deprivation, but food versus water reinforcement, are reported. In both experiments patterning was established only by animals receiving food reinforcement. Shifting type of reinforcer (i.e., food to water, and vice versa) resulted in an immediate and pronounced change in performance (Experiment 1). Increasing the duration of water deprivation (Experiment 2) produced an increase in general performance level, but did not result in the development of patterning by water-reinforced animals. These results would appear to be supportive of an ethologically based interpretation, such as optimal foraging theory.
Performance comparison between three-phase and five-phase ferrite permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor

This paper provides a performance comparison between three-phase and five-phase ferrite-based permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM). Recently, research on PMa-SynRM has got significant attention, especially in vehicular applications. They can meet the performance requirements of electric vehicles with reduced or no use of rare-earth-based permanent magnets (PMs). However, these motors face the challenges of lower torque density, irreversible demagnetization tendency, and intolerance to the augmented stress due to the relatively higher amount of PM. These challenges can be mitigated by employing five-phase winding which can develop higher power density with lower torque pulsation compared to the conventional three-phase motor. This paper compares the electromagnetic performance of a three-phase and five-phase Ferrite magnet based PMa-SynRM. A thorough finite element analysis (FEA) has been presented to validate the superior demagnetization preventing capability, and stress tolerance capability of the five-phase PMa-SynRM over the three-phase PMa-SynRM. Experimental results of the induced voltage for fabricated three-phase and five-phase PMa-SynRMs will be provided to validate the FEA results.
Revisiting polarimetry near the isotropic point of an optically active, non-enantiomorphous, molecular crystal.

Accurate polarimetric measurements of the optical activity of crystals along low symmetry directions are facilitated by isotropic points, frequencies where dispersion curves of eigenrays cross and the linear birefringence disappears. We report here the optical properties and structure of achiral, uniaxial (point group D2d ) potassium trihydrogen di-(cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylate) dihydrate, whose isotropic point was previously detected (S. A. Kim, C. Grieswatch, H. Kuppers, Zeit. Krist. 1993; 208:219-222) and exploited for a singular measurement of optical activity normal to the optic axis. The crystal structure associated with the aforementioned study was never published. We report it here, confirming the space group assignment I 4¯c2, along with the frequency dependence of the fundamental optical properties and the constitutive tensors by fitting optical dispersion relations to measured Mueller matrix spectra. k-Space maps of circular birefringence and of the Mueller matrix near the isotropic wavelength are measured and simulated. The signs of optical rotation are correlated with the absolute crystallographic directions.
HIV/STD Risk Factors for Women with Violent Male Partners

This study compared 167 women, categorized as nonabused, emotionally abused, or physically abused in their primary relationships, on sexual risk factors. Physically abused women differed in several ways: greater STD risk, psychosocial distress, and substance use; more traditional gender role beliefs; lower self-esteem; more likely to have been raped and to engage in sex for pay; and less likely to attend the project's STD/HIV risk reduction groups. Within primary relationships, they differed in amount of decision-making power about safer sex, likelihood of nonmonogamy, use of substances before sex, and self-efficacy about initiating condom use. African American women reported higher rates of emotional abuse than White women, a finding related mainly to their lower socioeconomic status in this sample.