cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Bifacial Photovoltaic Module Power Rating Methodologies—Inside and Out

One-sun power ratings for bifacial modules are currently undefined. This is partly because there is no standard definition of rear irradiance given 1000 Wcm−2 on the front. Using field measurements and simulations, we evaluate multiple deployment scenarios for bifacial modules and provide details on the amount of irradiance that could be expected. A simplified case that represents a single module deployed under conditions consistent with existing one-sun irradiance standards lead to a bifacial reference condition of 1000 Wcm −2 G front and 130–140 Wcm−2 G rear. For fielded systems of bifacial modules, G rear magnitude and spatial uniformity will be affected by self-shade from adjacent modules, varied ground cover, and ground-clearance height. A standard measurement procedure for bifacial modules is also currently undefined. A proposed international standard is under development, which provides the motivation for this paper. Here, we compare field measurements of bifacial modules under natural illumination with proposed indoor test methods, where irradiance is only applied to one side at a time. The indoor method has multiple advantages, including controlled and repeatable irradiance and thermal environment, along with allowing the use of conventional single-sided flash test equipment. The comparison results are promising, showing that indoor and outdoor methods agree within 1%–2% for multiple rear-irradiance conditions and bifacial module construction. A comparison with single-diode theory also shows good agreement to indoor measurements, within 1%–2% for power and other current–voltage curve parameters.
The Regulation of Doping in U.S. and International Sports

This chapter examines the regulation of doping in U.S. professional and amateur sport, as well as the anti-doping regime for Olympic and international sport. Doping is generally defined as the presence, use or attempted use, trafficking, possession, or administration of any prohibited substance or method, as well as the evasion of, refusal or failure to submit to sample collection or to file whereabouts information, missed tests, or the tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control. Doping in sport jeopardizes the health and safety of athletes, undermines the fairness and integrity of sport competition, and is outright cheating. The fight or “war” against doping in sport is truly global, yet the regulatory schemes vary depending on the applicable sport governance authority. How doping in sport can be addressed effectively and fairly involves questions on the practical, political, legal, and ethical concerns related to doping, doping control, fair process, privacy, and impact on sport.
GM1 Gangliosidosis Type 1 and Mongolian Spots

Investigators in Sao Paulo, Brazil, report a female infant born at term to healthy consanguineous parents who was examined at 9 months for delayed development.
100 Intimate partner violence victimisation and perpetration prevalence and correlates among men in primary care settings

Statement of Purpose Few studies inform primary care-based identification and response to male intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation or perpetration. The purpose of this study is to determine psychological or physical IPV victimisation and perpetration (1) prevalence among men in family medicine settings, and (2) correlates including demographics, mental health, alcohol and substance use. Methods/Approach Men aged 18 to 70 were recruited in waiting rooms of two family medicine centres in urban and suburban Midwestern towns. Men completed surveys with measures of past year psychological and physical IPV victimisation and perpetration, alcohol misuse, substance use, mindfulness, and depression. Results Of 236 men with a partner (average age 36.4 years, 44.6% African-American, 53.4% living with children), 162 (68.6%) and 152 (64.4%) reported psychological or physical IPV victimisation and perpetration, respectively. Poisson regression analyses showed IPV victimisation is positively associated with substance use (IRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.13) and depression symptoms (IRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.29), and negatively associated with higher education (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61–0.88). IPV perpetration is positively associated with living with children (IRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.16–2.20), substance use (IRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20–2.44), and depression symptoms (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26), and negatively associated with higher education (IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–1.00). Mindfulness was a significant IPV correlate in multivariate models without depression. Conclusions Nearly 2 in 3 men in family medicine waiting rooms report psychological or physical IPV victimisation or perpetration. Male IPV victimisation and perpetration correlates are similar for education, mindfulness, substance use and depression, though living with children was a risk factor only for IPV perpetration. Limitations include no partner reports. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science The findings help inform prevention and intervention efforts for male IPV, particularly the protective effect of education and mindfulness, and risk factors of substance use, depression symptoms, and living with children.
Fracton topological order from the Higgs and partial-confinement mechanisms of rank-two gauge theory

Fractons are gapped pointlike excitations in d=3 topological ordered phases whose motion is constrained. They have been discovered in several gapped models but a unifying physical mechanism for generating them is still missing. It has been noticed that in symmetric-tensor U(1) gauge theories, charges are fractons and cannot move freely due to, for example, the conservation of not only the charge but also the dipole moment. To connect these theories with fully gapped fracton models, we study Higgs and partial confinement mechanisms in rank-2 symmetric-tensor gauge theories, where charges or magnetic excitations, respectively, are condensed. Specifically, we describe two different routes from the rank-2 U(1) scalar charge theory to the X-cube fracton topological order, finding that a combination of Higgs and partial confinement mechanisms is necessary to obtain the fully gapped fracton model. On the other hand, the rank-2 Z_2 scalar charge theory, which is obtained from the former theory upon condensing charge-2 matter, is equivalent to four copies of the d=3 toric code and does not support fracton excitations. We also explain how the checkerboard fracton model can be viewed as a rank-2 Z_2 gauge theory with two different Gauss' law constraints on different lattice sites.
Resting heart rate variability is associated with ex-Gaussian metrics of intra-individual reaction time variability.

Abstract The relationships between vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) and the cognitive mechanisms underlying performance can be elucidated with ex-Gaussian modeling—an approach that quantifies two different forms of intra-individual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT). To this end, the current study examined relations of resting vmHRV to whole-distribution and ex-Gaussian IIV. Subjects (N = 83) completed a 5-minute baseline while vmHRV (root mean square of successive differences; RMSSD) was measured. Ex-Gaussian (sigma, tau) and whole-distribution (standard deviation) estimates of IIV were derived from reaction times on a Stroop task. Resting vmHRV was found to be inversely related to tau (exponential IIV) but not to sigma (Gaussian IIV) or the whole-distribution standard deviation of RTs. Findings suggest that individuals with high vmHRV can better prevent attentional lapses but not difficulties with motor control. These findings inform the differential relationships of cardiac vagal control to the cognitive processes underlying human performance.
Theory of linear equations applied to program transformation

In this paper is presented a technique for transforming a class of recursive equations called linear equations into iterative equations. Linear equations are characterized by involving at the most one recursive call for any invocation. In contrast to the conventional techniques, the scheme of program transformation presented here involves finding the solution of the given linear equation and transforming this solution. The solutions of linear equations can always be expressed using a construct called abstract sequence. Two classes of abstract sequence programs are identified: right-associative and left-associative sequence programs. The former are obtained by solving linear equations and the latter correspond to iterative programs. The task of transforming linear recursive programs into iterative programs is thus reduced to the task of transforming right-associative sequence programs into left associative ones. Various transformation rules are developed based on an algebra of functional programs.
T-DNA associated reciprocal translocation reveals differential survival of male and female gametes

Abstract In Arabidopsis thaliana, chromosomal rearrangements are commonly associated with compound T-DNA insertions due to endogenous double-stranded break and repair mechanisms. During the production of a double homozygous mutant for the CCCH zinc finger proteins, AtC3H6 and AtC3H68, we uncovered evidence for a reciprocal I-V chromosomal translocation in SALK_093620. Mapping the T-DNA borders in this insertion line confirmed an insertion site at the AtC3H6 locus on chromosome I and identified a second insertion in an intergenic region at the end of chromosome V. Our investigation of the progeny distribution and gamete transmission from reciprocal crosses indicated that male and female gametes are differentially affected by this predicted translocation. Male gametes with the haploid genotype AtC3H6(+);AtC3H68(+) had significantly higher transmission than female gametes with the same genotype. Our work highlights the importance of detailing T-DNA insertion events in transgenetic lines produced through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, which can uncover novel chromosomal anomalies and imbalanced genome compositions.
The confluences of ideas leading to, and the flow of ideas emerging from, individual-based modeling of riverine fishes

Abstract In this review article, we trace the history of events leading to the development of individual-based models (IBMs) to represent aquatic organisms in rivers and streams. As a metaphor, we present this history as a series of confluences between individual scientists (tributaries) sharing ideas. We describe contributions of these models to science and management. One iconic feature of river IBMs is the linkage between flow and the physical habitat experienced by individual animals, and the first model that focused on this linkage is briefly described. We continue by reviewing the contributions of riverine IBMs to eight broad areas of scientific inquiry. The first four areas include research to understand 1) the effects of flow regimes on fish populations, 2) species interactions (e.g., size-mediated competition and predation), 3) fish movement and habitat selection, and 4) contaminant and water quality impacts on populations. Next, we review research using IBMs 5) to guide conservation biology of imperiled taxa through population viability analysis, including research 6) to understand river fragmentation by dams and reconnection, 7) to understand genetic outcomes for riverine metapopulations, and 8) to anticipate the future effects of temperature and climate change. This rich body of literature has contributed to both theoretical insights (e.g., about animal behavior and life history) and applied insights (e.g., population-level effects of flow regimes, temperature, and the effects of hydropower and other industries that share rivers with aquatic biota). We finish by exploring promising branches that lie ahead in the braided, downstream channel that represents future river modeling research.
Structures of the substrate-engaged 26S proteasome reveal the mechanisms for ATP hydrolysis-driven translocation

The 26S proteasome is the primary eukaryotic degradation machine and thus critically involved in numerous cellular processes. The hetero-hexameric ATPase motor of the proteasome unfolds and translocates targeted protein substrates into the open gate of a proteolytic core, while a proteasomal deubiquitinase concomitantly removes substrate-attached ubiquitin chains. However, the mechanisms by which ATP hydrolysis drives the conformational changes responsible for these processes have remained elusive. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of four distinct conformational states of the actively ATP-hydrolyzing, substrate-engaged 26S proteasome. These structures reveal how mechanical substrate translocation accelerates deubiquitination, and how ATP-binding, hydrolysis, and phosphate-release events are coordinated within the AAA+ motor to induce conformational changes and propel the substrate through the central pore.
Supplemental biotin for swine. I. Influence on feedlot performance, plasma biotin and toe lesions in developing gilts

Three trials, utilizing a total of 240 crossbred gilts, were conducted to study the influence of 0 (NB) or 220 (SB) microgram supplemental biotin/kg of diet on feedlot performance, plasma biotin and development of toe lesions in developing gilts. Corn-soybean meal diets were fed from weaning to 92 kg body weight. Gilts were housed on expanded-metal floors to 50 kg body weight and on partially slatted concrete floors until completion of the trials. Feedlot performance, hair and structural soundness scores were not different (P greater than .10) between NB and SB gilts. Plasma biotin (PB) levels were elevated (P less than .01) when supplemental biotin was included in the diet. Gilts consuming SB diets had fewer (P less than .01) toe lesions/gilt and lower (P less than .01) toe lesion severity scores/gilt compared with gilts fed NB diets. Heel-horn erosion and heel cracks were the most frequent toe lesions observed. Fewer gilts (P less than .01) developed side-wall toe cracks when fed SB diets. Supplemental biotin reduced the frequency of individual toes containing heel-horn erosion (P less than .10), heel cracks (P less than .05) and side-wall toe cracks (P less than .05) with the severity of these lesions not affected (P greater than .10) by supplemental biotin. These results suggest that biotin levels in corn-soybean meal diets are adequate for feedlot performance, and that supplemental biotin can improve hoof integrity, but will not prevent toe lesions.
Dysregulated Mineral Metabolism in AKI

Dysregulated mineral metabolism is a nearly universal sequalae of acute kidney injury (AKI). Abnormalities in circulating mineral metabolites observed in patients with AKI include hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, decreased vitamin D metabolite levels, and increased fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. We review the pathophysiology of dysregulated mineral metabolism in AKI with a focus on calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D metabolites. We discuss how mineral metabolite levels can serve as novel prognostic markers for incident AKI and other related outcomes in various clinical settings. Finally, we discuss how vitamin D metabolites potentially could be used as novel therapeutic agents for AKI prevention and treatment.
Higher rates of rejection in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors: 3-year follow-up study.

Rejection rates in HIV-infected kidney transplant (KTx) recipients are higher than HIV-negative recipients. Immunosuppression and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) protocols vary with potentially significant drug-drug interactions, likely influencing outcomes. This is an IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective study of adult HIV-infected KTx patients between 5/2009 and 12/2014 with 3-year follow-up, excluding antibody-depleting induction. A total of 42 patients were included; median age was 52 years, 81% male, 50% African American, 29% Hispanic, 17% Caucasian. The most common renal failure etiology was hypertensive nephrosclerosis (50%) with 5.8 median years of pre-transplant dialysis. All patients received IL-2 receptor antagonist, were maintained on tacrolimus (76%) or cyclosporine (17%), and 40% received ritonavir-boosted PI-based HAART (rtv+) regimen. Patient and graft survival at 3 years were 93% and 90%. At 1-, 2-, and 3-year time points, median serum creatinine was 1.49, 1.35, and 1.67; treated biopsy-proven rejection was 38%, 38%, and 40.5%; and 92% of episodes were acute rejection. At these time points, rejection rates were significantly higher with boosted PI HAART regimens compared to other HAART regimens, 59% vs 24% (P = 0.029), 59% vs 24% (P = 0.029), and 68% vs 24% (P = 0.01). Despite higher rejection rates, HIV-infected KTx recipients have reasonable outcomes. Given significantly higher rejection rates using rtv+ regimens, alternative HAART regimens should be considered prior to transplantation.
Inhibition of autoantibody binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa by anti-idiotypic antibodies in intravenous gammaglobulin

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIgG) causes an acute rise in the platelet count in the majority of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) but the mechanism(s) of action is still unknown. We evaluated the ability of three different IVIgG preparations to inhibit the in vitro binding of autoantibody to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa. ITP plasma, known to contain anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, was incubated overnight with either IVIgG or bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by measurement of the autoantibody titer. Binding of autoantibody from eight ITP patients was inhibited by IVIgG in proportion to the IVIgG concentration. Using 3.2% IVIgG, compatible with therapeutic concentrations expected in vivo, mean inhibition of autoantibody binding ranged from 20.2% to 41.3%. No inhibition by IVIgG of alloantibody binding to the same or different molecules was detected (five patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa and two with anti-HLA alloantibodies). F(ab')2 fragments of IVIgG also inhibited the binding of both plasma autoantibodies and purified anti-GPIIb/IIIA autoantibodies prepared by elution from antigen affinity columns. A portion of the anti-idiotypic antibodies could be adsorbed from IVIgG using insolubilized, purified anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibody. These results show that IVIgG preparations from normal donors contain anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against idiotypes located on GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies but do not have anti-idiotypes to platelet alloantibodies against the same or different molecules. The importance of these anti-idiotypic antibodies in the therapeutic response to IVIgG remains to be established.
Lactate-Dependent Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Induces Oscillatory Hif-1α Activity Promoting Proliferation of Hypoxic Cells

Response to hypoxia is a highly regulated process controlling multiple cell and tissue level functions. However, we still know little about dynamic single cell responses to hypoxic conditions. Here, using fluorescent reporters of hypoxia response factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity, we show that hypoxic responses in individual cells can be highly dynamic and variable across the population. These responses fall into three classes, including oscillatory activity. We identify a molecular mechanism that can account for all three response classes, demonstrating that the oscillations of HIF-1α activity and abundance are controlled by the reactive oxygen species-dependent chaperone-mediated autophagy in a respiring subset of cells. Furthermore, we find that the oscillatory response is modulated by the abundance of extracellular lactate in a quorum sensing-like mechanism. We show that oscillatory HIF-1α activity can help rescue hypoxia-mediated inhibition of cell division, suggesting a mechanism for aggressive behavior in a subset of hypoxic tumor cells.
El barco como un espacio pre-ocupado: un enfoque comparativo de las culturas migrantes entre Italia y Estados Unidos

Este ensayo propone una lectura de varios textos que se asocian a la emigracion italiana a traves de la inclusion del tropo del barco migrante: el libro de viajes En el oceano , de De Amicis, la novela de educacion de di Donato, Cristo de cemento , el cuento “El largo viaje” de Sciascia y el filme Lamerica de Amelio. La adopcion y el enriquecimiento del termino "heterotopia" de Foucault (utopias reales que representan, desafian y revierten espacios existentes) y su aplicacion al barco busca identificar la funcion transnacional del este como un medio para narrar la historia de la emigracion italiana. La lectura que se hace de estos textos ve al barco como un espacio pre-ocupado. Este concepto se presenta con el fin de enfatizar la constante ocupacion y reocupacion de este espacio por migrantes a traves del tiempo, asi como su condicion de transporte de preocupaciones tanto de los migrantes como de los paises de partida y de llegada. En este ensayo interdisciplinario el barco no es solo la "mas grande reserva de imaginacion", como dice la poderosa definicion de Foucault, sino tambien un espacio en el que las relaciones etnicas y de clase, los destinos individuales y colectivos, y la explotacion y la agencia se intersectan de complejas maneras a lo largo de las rutas migrantes.
The use of 3D virtual fitting technology: comparison between sourcing agents contractors and domestic suppliers in the apparel industry

This study provides insight into the use of 3D virtual fitting technology and different perspectives from the domestic suppliers and sourcing agents/contractors in the global apparel industry. A to...
Comparative Analysis of Experimental DC Arc Flash Results to Industry Estimation Methods

With the utilization of DC systems increasing, and constant emphasis for worker safety as a top priority for all companies, arc flash feasibility for DC systems is a growing concern. This article details the feasibility of DC arc flash events with experimental scouting tests for a 130 VDC system. Sensitivity studies are experimentally performed on the impact of bus gap distance and bolted fault current level on incident energy. Test results are analyzed and conclusions drawn on the results, in particular incident energies. Details of the tests performed including the setup, procedure, and system parameters are also provided. Theoretical methods of determining incident energy for the testing conditions are also explored. Specifically, these are Doan's and NFPA 70E's maximum power models, and Stokes and Oppenlander's and Paukert's arc resistance models. A comparative analysis of the test results to industry standard, NFPA 70E, and software analysis methods using ETAP, an industry leading software used for arc flash studies, is performed.
Options for Teens with No Options: A Self-Managed Second Trimester Abortion.

Abstract Background Several states have deemed abortions as non-essential services, effectively calling for a halt to abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, women may elect for self-managed abortions by obtaining abortion medications online. Case A 15-year-old female presented with abdominal cramping and vaginal discharge after taking Misoprostol obtained from an online retailer for a self-managed abortion in her second trimester during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exam showed products of conception protruding from the vagina. The patient was emergently evaluated for an incomplete and possible septic abortion and underwent a dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedure. Summary and Conclusion Providers caring for adolescents should recognize the availability of self-managed abortions, become familiar with the expected course, possible complications, and the unique challenges of accessing abortion care faced by adolescents.
The Virgin, the Priest, and the Flag: Political Mobilization of Mexican Immigrants in Chicago, Houston, and New York

The author argues that in the mainstream study of ethnic American politics, the Mexican community cannot be considered anymore a monolithic group, whose political behavior is one and the same all over the United States. Mexican communities living in the United States have different origins in Mexico, and they go through different experiences of political mobilization, organization, and incorporation through their daily lives in American cities. The initiatives of the local Catholic Church to mobilize the community, the relations of the local church with the local government, and the use of religious symbols with political purposes, are the main components that make the difference.
Banks and loan sales Marketing nonmarketable assets

Theories of financial intermediation predict that bank loans should not be marketable because of moral hazard problems; banks will not conduct credit risk analysis or monitor borrowers if they are not at risk for failing to perform these services. Throughout most of history, bank loans have not, in fact, been marketable. Yet, by the end of the 1980's the amount of commercial and industrial loan sales outstanding had grown to over $250 billion from trivial amounts at the beginning of the decade. To explain the opening of this loan sales market, we present a model of incentive-compatible loan sales that allows for implicit contractual features between loan sellers and loan buyers. We then test for the presence of these features using a sample of over 800 recent loan sales.
Teacher beliefs about instructional approaches: Interrogating the notion of teaching methods:

World language teachers have historically relied on the notion of teaching methods to inform elements of design and procedure in their instructional practice. Teacher beliefs about teaching methods...
Response to Standard Therapies and Comprehensive Genomic Analysis for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions.

Purpose: EGFR exon 20 insertions (ex20ins) are an uncommon genotype in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for which targeted therapies are under development. We sought to describe treatment outcomes and genomic and immunophenotypic characteristics of these tumors. Experimental Design: We identified sequential patients with NSCLC with EGFR ex20ins and compared their clinical outcomes and pathologic features with other patients with NSCLC. Results: Among 6,290 patients with NSCLC, 106 (2%) had EGFR ex20ins. Patients with EGFR ex20ins were more likely to be Black (14% vs. 6%; P Conclusions: With better outcomes on platinum chemotherapy, patients with EGFR ex20ins NSCLC have improved prognosis, lower PD-L1 expression and TMB, and derive less benefit from ICIs compared with patients with NSCLC without targetable oncogenes. Improving molecularly targeted therapies could provide greater benefit for patients with EGFR ex20ins.
HLA genetic polymorphism in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Midwestern United States.

The experience of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening multi-organ dysfunction. Specific HLA alleles may affect the predisposition to severe COVID-19 due to their role in presenting viral peptides to launch the adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this population-based case-control study in the midwestern United States, we performed high-resolution HLA typing of 234 cases hospitalized for COVID-19 in the St. Louis metropolitan area and compared their HLA allele frequencies with those of 22,000 matched controls from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). We identified two predisposing alleles, HLA-DRB1*08:02 in the Hispanic group (OR=9.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.2-37.9; adjusted P=0.03) and HLA-A*30:02 in younger African Americans with ages below the median (OR=2.2, 1.4-3.6; adjusted P=0.01), and several candidate alleles with potential associations with COVID-19 in African American, White, and Hispanic groups. We also detected risk-associated amino acid residues in the peptide binding grooves of some of these alleles, suggesting the presence of functional associations. These findings support the notion that specific HLA alleles may be protective or predisposing factors to COVID-19. Future consortium analysis of pooled cases and controls is warranted to validate and extend these findings, and correlation with viral peptide binding studies will provide additional evidence for the functional association between HLA alleles and COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Authentication Protocol for Enhanced Security of the Automatic Identification System

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used aboard the vast majority of sea-going vessels in the world as a collision avoidance tool. Currently, the AIS operates without any security features, which make it vulnerable to exploits by malicious parties. In this paper we present an authentication protocol that enhances the security of the AIS by providing it with a message integrity and broadcast authentication feature. The proposed protocol uses time-delayed key disclosures of hash chains as part of a message authentication code appended to packets to verify the authenticity of a user and requires only one additional time slot for broadcast authentication compared to the existing standard. This is significant reduction in message overhead requirements compared to alternative approaches that use public key infrastructure (PKI). A test implementation of the proposed protocol indicate that it can be deployed as a link layer software update to existing AIS transceivers and can be deployed within the existing AIS technical standards as an expanded message set.
Gender Variation and Late-life Depression: Findings from a National Survey in the USA

Based on the Wave 3 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2015–2016), this study has extensive breadth in examining the roles of multiple stressors (i.e., health-related, social relationship, community) and coping resources (i.e., social participation and social support from family and friends) in explaining depressive symptomatology among a recent cohort of the U.S. national sample of community-dwelling older men (n = 1,431) and women (n = 1,673). Statistical additive and interactive models were tested. Results from this pre-COVID study serve as a baseline, and show that gender had significant independent and joint effects on stress and coping factors in explaining depressive symptoms. Parallel regression analyses were conducted for each group. Findings suggest that significantly more women (26.9%) reported depressive symptoms than men (19.9%) (CESD-11 score ≥ 9). Multivariate analyses show that unique predictors for older men’s depression include less support from friends, more cognitive challenges, and feeling less control in life. For women, less social participation, less emotional support from spouse, greater IADL impairment, and family disharmony were more significantly associated with their depressive symptoms than men’s. Contrary to the literature, community factors were not statistically significant in predicting depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that correlates of depressive symptoms impact older women and men differently. Results point to the need for gender-sensitive mental health services and programs to protect community-dwelling older adults in USA against depression, especially in light of the recent COVID era social proximity restrictions.
Statistical Methods for Climate Scientists

A comprehensive introduction to the most commonly used statistical methods relevant in atmospheric, oceanic and climate sciences. Each method is described step-by-step using plain language, and illustrated with concrete examples, with relevant statistical and scientific concepts explained as needed. Particular attention is paid to nuances and pitfalls, with sufficient detail to enable the reader to write relevant code. Topics covered include hypothesis testing, time series analysis, linear regression, data assimilation, extreme value analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Predictable Component Analysis, and Covariance Discriminant Analysis. The specific statistical challenges that arise in climate applications are also discussed, including model selection problems associated with Canonical Correlation Analysis, Predictable Component Analysis, and Covariance Discriminant Analysis. Requiring no previous background in statistics, this is a highly accessible textbook and reference for students and early-career researchers in the climate sciences.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression correlates with histologic grade but not microsatellite instability in primary colon carcinomas

20023 Background: EGFR is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the ErbB family of proteins. Anti-EGFR antibodies have shown efficacy as monotherapy and can enhance cytotoxic chemot...
Spiritual healing in the light of history

To summarize: we must accept the importance of spontaneous healings for religion. We can distinguish “charismatic” from “sacramental” cures. We should recognize the infrequence of such healings, but we should equally appreciate their reality. We should understand them in terms of realized eschatology, and should provide the occasion by prayer, holy unction and so on, through which such healingmay be brought to the sick. But our primary concern should be right relations with God. We should await the gift of healing with faith and patience; but we should not be over-anxious about it or desire it more than we desire God.
Groundwater flow and its effect on salt dissolution in Gypsum Canyon watershed, Paradox Basin, southeast Utah, USA

Groundwater flow is an important control on subsurface evaporite (salt) dissolution. Salt dissolution can drive faulting and associated subsidence on the land surface and increase salinity in groundwater. This study aims to understand the groundwater flow system of Gypsum Canyon watershed in the Paradox Basin, Utah, USA, and whether or not groundwater-driven dissolution affects surface deformation. The work characterizes the groundwater flow and solute transport systems of the watershed using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element flow and transport model, SUTRA. Spring samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of water and total dissolved solids. Spring water and hydraulic conductivity data provide constraints for model parameters. Model results indicate that regional groundwater flow is to the northwest towards the Colorado River, and shallow flow systems are influenced by topography. The low permeability obtained from laboratory tests is inconsistent with field observed discharges, supporting the notion that fracture permeability plays a significant role in controlling groundwater flow. Model output implies that groundwater-driven dissolution is small on average, and cannot account for volume changes in the evaporite deposits that could cause surface deformation, but it is speculated that dissolution may be highly localized and/or weaken evaporite deposits, and could lead to surface deformation over time.
Formation and Evolution of Terrestrial Planets in Protoplanetary and Debris Disks

This review discusses the properties of protoplanetary disks in the context of terrestrial planet formation, emphasising the general pattern of planet formation and evidence for similar patterns of evolution, and also for the diversity of starting points and hence probable conclusions. In addition, the process of terrestrial planet formation extends well beyond the protoplanetary stage, and produces disks of debris from the planetesimal collisions. The observed behaviour of these debris disks can test many hypotheses regarding the evolution of the Solar System. Debris disks also let us probe many different examples of how planetary systems generally like ours evolve (there are nearly 150 examples known within 50pc).
“Triple-triple” hit lymphoma

Triple-hit lymphoma is a rare but serious form of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that is known to have a worse prognosis than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or Burkitt lymphoma (BL) alone, with a survival time of only a few months. A triple-hit lymphoma has cytogenetic abnormalities consistent with chromosomal rearrangements of the BCL-6, BCL-2, and c-MYC genes, with MYC translocations having a worse prognosis. This specific type of lymphoma is medically challenging to treat, as standard chemotherapy is often ineffective. We report a case of a 47-year-old African American male with triple-hit lymphoma as a result of a series of progressive malignant transformations over a time course of three years.
Diagnosis of Semiconductor Processes

The sections in this article are 1 General Methods For Yield Improvement in Semiconductor Manufacturing 2 Monitoring and Diagnosis at The Unit Process and Equipment Level 3 Monitoring/DIagnosis at the Process Flow Level
Local Displacements and Load Transfer in Shape Memory Alloy Composites

Although there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to characterizing and modeling the response of shape memory alloys (SMAs) alone, little experimental work has been done to understand the behavior of SMAs embedded in a host material. The interaction between SMA wires and a host polymer matrix was investigated by correlating local displacements and stress fields induced by the embedded wires with SMA/polymer adhesion. Most SMA composite applications require transfer of strain from the wire to the matrix. In these applications, maximum interfacial adhesion between the SMA wire and the polymer matrix is most desirable. The adhesion was varied by considering four different surface treatments: untreated, acid etched, hand sanded and sandblasted. The average interfacial bond strength of the SMA wires embedded in an epoxy matrix was measured by standard pull out tests. Sandblasting significantly increased the bond strength, whereas hand sanding and acid cleaning actually reduced interface strength. In situ displacements of embedded, surface-treated SMA wires were measured using heterodyne interferometry, whereas the resulting stresses induced in the polymer matrix were investigated using photoelasticity. Increased wire adhesion resulted in lower axial wire displacement and higher interfacial stresses due to the restraining effect of the matrix on the actuated wire. A simplified theoretical analysis was carried out to estimate the shear stress induced in the matrix due to wire actuation. The maximum shear stress predicted for the case of a perfect interfacial bond was about 7 percent larger than the value measured experimentally for the sand-blasted wire.
Product counterfeiting and the media: examining news sources used in the construction of product counterfeiting as a social problem

Product counterfeiting has received increased attention due to its economic and public health impact. Media framing of product counterfeiting shapes how the public and policymakers understand the p...
Previous clinical diagnosis of chlamydia helps patients predict outcome of new chlamydia clinical test

Background: As part of an ongoing clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at decreasing STDs in adolescent females, a host of different background measures were collected at baseline. These measures include self-reported behaviors, risk and probability estimates concerning STDs, self-reported prior medical diagnoses, and a Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection assay, among other measures. This analysis examines participants' accuracy in estimating their own chance of chlamydia infection. Methods: Participants were 131 sexually active adolescent females, 79% black, 13% white, mean age 16 (range 13–19), who had been recruited from an adolescent health service. At the time of this study, participants were not primarily being seen for a clinical visit. Participants answered two questions that are examined here: The first asked, “What is the percent chance that you have chlamydia right now,” accompanied by a visual scale ranging from 0% (no chance) to 100% (certainly). The second question asked, “In your life, have you ever been told by a doctor or nurse that you had chlamydia?” Following all questions a vaginal swab was collected by the participant, which was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ct. A multiple regression was performed, predicting the outcome of the chlamydia swab test using participants' estimates that they had chlamydia, their self-reported prior diagnosis with chlamydia (dichotomous), and the interaction between these two variables. Results: The regression F(3, 127) = 10.95, p < .01, revealed that participants' estimates of the chance that they had chlamydia significantly predicted outcome of the clinical test, t(127) = 3.34, p < .01. Previous diagnosis with chlamydia alone did not predict outcome of the clinical test, t(127) = −0.84, ns, but the interaction between the two variables significantly predicted clinical outcome, t(127) = −2.07, p < .05. A previous chlamydia diagnosis made participants' own estimates highly predictive of the clinical outcome; the estimates of those who had never been previously diagnosed with chlamydia had very little predictive power. Conclusions: Those participants who had prior experience with a chlamydia diagnosis were much more able to interpret their own risks and symptoms, and arrive at a very accurate estimate of the chance that they had a chlamydia infection. It is important to note that these participants were not seeking care at the time of this study, but that they had enough information to predict clinical outcome of a chlamydia test, especially those who had been diagnosed with chlamydia in the past. Arguably, these are they very patients who are most at risk for long-term sequelae of chlamydia infection, and asking (or having the patient ask) the relevant questions may increase the likelihood that they are identified and treated promptly, and early in the course of infection.
Herman Trunk’s Cubist Crucifix: A Case Study

Abstract American modern artist Herman Trunk (1894-1963) serves as a noteworthy case study in a consideration of the relationship between religion and American modern art in the first half of the twentieth century. One of his few overtly religious works, Crucifix (c. 1930), stands out for its intriguing convergence of a most important Catholic subject with Cubist art. This essay examines Trunk’s Cubist Crucifix in relation to other Crucifix and Crucifixion paintings created around the same time period. Trunk’s Crucifix is unique among abstract paintings of religious subjects in the artist’s distinctive use of Cubism to create a quiet meditation on the crucified Christ. In some respects affirming the long tradition of Crucifix and Crucifixion paintings, Crucifix also counters those traditions to provide an alternative perspective on the Crucifix as a subject. Through his Crucifix painting, Trunk successfully brings together two traditions that historically have been viewed as diametrically opposed—Catholicism and Cubist abstraction—to produce a devotional image of the Crucifix as a form of veneration.
Fruit size and shape: Allometry at different taxonomic levels in bird-dispersed plants

The likelihood that a plant's seeds will be dispersed by fruit-eating birds may depend upon the size and shape of its fruits. Assuming that elongate fruits can be swallowed more easily than spherical fruits of equal volume and that plant fitness is enhanced by seed dispersal by many individuals and species of birds, natural selection should favour increasing fruit elongation with increasing fruit size in bird-dispersed plants. According to this view, this allometric pattern would be adaptive. Alternatively, fruit shape in bird-dispersed plants may be constrained by development or phylogeny. To determine whether there was any evidence to support the adaptive allometry hypothesis, we examined allometric relationships between length and diameter in fruits and seeds in a group of neotropical bird-dispersed plant species. Using the major axis technique, we regressed ln(diameter) on ln(length) for fruits and seeds at various taxonomic levels: (1) within individual trees ofOcotea tenera (Lauraceae) (2) among 19 trees within a population ofO. tenera, as well as among pooled fruits from multiple trees within 20 other species in the Lauraceae, (3) among 25 sympatric species within a plant family (Lauraceae) and (4) among 167 species representing 63 angiosperm families within a plant community in Monteverde, Costa Rica. At most taxonomic levels, a tendency for fruit length to increase more rapidly than fruit diameter among fruits (negative allometry) occurred more frequently than expected by chance. Estimated slopes of the regressions of fruit length on fruit diameter were < 1 within 15 of the 19 individualO. tenera trees, among tree means withinO. tenera, among pooled fruits within 16 of the 20 other species in the Lauraceae, among species means within the Lauraceae and among means of all bird-dispersed species in the lower montane forests of Monteverde. Seed allometry showed similar patterns, although for both fruits and seeds the broad confidence intervals of the slopes estimated by major axis regression overlapped 1 in many cases. Among the 63 Monteverde family means, fruit length and diameter scaled isometrically. Based on measurements of ontogenetic changes in fruit shape in a single species,O. viridifolia, we found no evidence that negative allometry in fruit shape within the Lauraceae was an inevitable consequence of developmental constraints. Instead, increasing elongation of fruits and seeds in certain plant taxa is consistent with adaptation to gape-limited avian seed dispersers. Contrary results from vertebrate-dispersed species from Malawi and Spain may reflect differences between the New and Old World in plant taxa, seed dispersers or evolutionary history.
Early Detection of DNA Strand Breaks in the Brain After Transient Focal Ischemia: Implications for the Role of DNA Damage in Apoptosis and Neuronal Cell Death

Using in situ DNA polymerase I-mediated biotin-dATP nick-translation (PANT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), we investigated the evolution of DNA strand breaks, a marker of DNA damage, in rat brain after 1 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion and various durations of reperfusion. DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) detected by PANT were present in neurons after as little as 1 min of reperfusion. Numbers of neurons containing an SSB increased progressively in the ischemic core but decreased in the ischemic penumbra after 1 h of reperfusion. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected by TUNEL were first seen in neurons after 1 h of reperfusion, and their numbers then increased progressively in the ischemic core, with a regional distribution similar to that of SSBs. However, the number of SSB-containing cells was greater than that of DSB-containing cells at all time points tested. SSB-containing cells detected within the first hour of reperfusion were exclusively neuronal and exhibited normal nuclear morphology. At 16-72 h of reperfusion, many SSB- and DSB-containing cells, including both neurons and astrocytes, showed morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Gel electrophoresis of DNA isolated from the ischemic core showed DNA fragmentation at 24 h, when both SSBs and DSBs were present, but not at 1 h, when few DSBs were detected. These results suggest that damage to nuclear DNA is an early event after neuronal ischemia and that the accumulation of unrepaired DNA SSBs may contribute to delayed ischemic neuronal death, perhaps by triggering apoptosis.