cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation and analysis of topology in automated HF radio networks

A major issue with providing acceptable network performance has been the fact that most strategies and designs focus on the performance of an individual link. Typically, network designers pay more attention to the needs of the individual radio links than to the effect of those links on the performance of the network. Certainly, the performance of a network is affected (indeed, limited) by the performance of the links which make up the network. However, the relationship between link throughput and network throughput is a complex one, in which each can have a great effect on the other. Traditionally, radio network design has relied on heuristics applied by experienced radio engineers. However, heuristics are often over-generalizations of more complex truths. In this paper, I describe a number of experiments with a large laboratory network. These experiments compare the relative effectiveness of a number of candidate topologies under a number of different load levels. The aim of these experiments is to validate the most common radio network topologies, and determine under what conditions each candidate topology is valid.
Adoption of a Collegiate Executive in Uruguay

Uruguay, by approval of certain constitutional changes on December 16, 1951, became the first state in the New World to adopt a complete form of collegiate executive for its national government. The Uruguayan president, Andres Martinez Trueba, one of the leading advocates of the reform, thereby became perhaps the only national president in all history to participate in legislating himself out of office by the avenue of constitutional abolition of his position. The adoption of the highly controversial colegiado or collegiate executive, after a hard-fought political campaign in 1951, is simply the successful revival of an experiment tried in partial form in Uruguay from 1919 to 1933. It recalls the prolonged and bitter political battles revolving around the original proposal that such a government reform be instituted, made almost forty years ago by the foremost public figure Uruguay has produced, Jose Batlle y Ordoniez. The figure of Batlle cannot yet be viewed in dispassionate perspective. Twice president of Uruguay (1903-07, 1911-15), he left more of an impact on the life of the country and aroused more controversial reactions than any other individual in all Uruguayan history. The reforms he proposed, and in most instances managed to get adopted, were numerous and affected virtually every aspect of Uruguayan life economic, social, cultural, intellectual and educational, religious, international, and legal, as well as political and governmental.' The most spectacular of Batlle's reforms was his
Seismic detection of sublithospheric plume head residue beneath the Pitcairn hot-spot chain

We study array seismograms of French nuclear explosions from two islands in French Polynesia and use these to constrain the structure in the upper mantle beneath the islands. Seismograms of nuclear explosions on the hot-spotrelated Fangataufa atoll show discrete, large-amplitude P-coda phases which are not observed in recordings of explosions on Mururoa, an atoll V40 km to the north. The source for these P-coda phases is located beneath the Fangataufa atoll, indicating that structural heterogeneities are present in the oceanic upper mantle in this region on very small scale lengths. Synthetic seismograms for models of the upper mantle beneath Fangataufa require a layer with P-wave velocity elevated by V10% between depths of 51 and 85 km with a sharp termination in the north, possibly at the Austral Fracture Zone, to match these P-coda phases. Few mineralogic scenarios exist that can explain this structure, and the properties of this layer imply that extensive enrichment in garnet occurs in this depth range. The garnet-enriched layer is likely of similar origin to the well-known xenolithic ‘garnet megacryst’ suite found in kimberlitic regions. We propose a model for the formation of the Fangataufa and Mururoa atolls involving garnetenriched zones being generated at depth through magmatic processes at the Pitcairn plume head. Thus, the initiation of hot-spots could produce complex geochemical and structural heterogeneities at depth in the suboceanic mantle. 4 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Asymptotic moments of estimated cyclic correlation matrices

The first and second moments of the cyclic cross-correlogram matrix of two vector-valued cyclostationary processes are derived in this paper. These results generalize those of Hurd (1989) to accommodate incommensurate cycle frequencies and complex vector-valued discrete-time nonGaussian processes. As an example application of the results, the moments of the left singular vectors of the cyclic cross-correlogram matrix are derived, which are needed in the performance analysis of subspace-fitting methods of direction-of-arrival estimation for cyclostationary signals, including even those methods that do not exploit cyclostationarity but are often applied in practice to cyclostationary signals. >
TEMPORARY PROTECTION OF COLD WEATHER CONSTRUCTION

The literature of cold weather construction documents the importance of providing temporary protection of projects during the winter in northern regions. A survey of Alaskan contractors regarding the temperatures below which certain types of work cannot be performed confirms the need to provide heating and enclosures under such conditions. A case study of a typical Alaskan building construction project is described, with particular reference to the use of polyethylene sheeting, lumber, unit heaters, and a steam heating system to maintain temperatures at reasonable levels. A computer program for use in estimating the costs of temporary protection is presented, its use on a typical project is shown, and a successful program validation effort is summarized.
Soil moisture gradients and controls on a southern Appalachian hillslope from drought through recharge

Abstract. Soil moisture gradients along hillslopes in humid watersheds, although indicated by vegetation gradients and by studies using models, have been difficult to confirm empirically. While soil properties and topographic features are the two general physio-graphic factors controlling soil moisture on hillslopes, studies have shown conflicting results regarding which factor is more important. The relative importance of topographic and soil property controls was examined in an upland forested watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachian mountains. Soil moisture was measured along a hillslope transect with a mesic-to-xeric forest vegetation gradient over a period spanning precipitation extremes. The hillslope was transect instrumented with a time domain reflectometry (TDR) network at two depths. Soil moisture was measured during a severe autumn drought and subsequent winter precipitation recharge. In the upper soil depth (0-30 cm), moisture gradients persisted throughout the measurement period, and topography exerted dominant control. For the entire root zone (0-90 cm), soil moisture gradients were found only during drought. Control on soil moisture was due to both topography and storage before drought. During and after recharge, variations in soil texture and horizon distribution exerted dominant control on soil moisture content in the root zone (0-90 cm). These results indicate that topographic factors assert more control over hillslope soil moisture during drier periods as drainage progresses, while variations in soil water storage properties are more important during wetter periods. Hillslope soil moisture gradients in southern Appalachian watersheds appear to be restricted to upper soil layers, with deeper hillslope soil moisture gradients occurring only with sufficient drought.
A Mortality Analysis of Native Americans in New York State, 1980–86

This investigation examined the mortality experience of Native Americans in New York State, exclusive of New York City, between 1980 and 1986. Compared to the general population of New York State, exclusive of New York City, deaths among Native Americans occurred an average of nine years earlier. Among Native males, elevated risk of death was noted for tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and cirrhosis. Native females demonstrated an excess of deaths due to diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis. Fewer than expected malignant neoplasm deaths occurred among both Native males and females. A deficit of deaths was observed for colon and lung cancer deaths among Native males and for colon and breast cancer deaths among Native females. While these results are generally in agreement with previous reports, this study did not identify an excess of deaths due to accident-related mortality. Findings from this study, while limited, do serve as crude indicators of the overall health status of Native Americans in New York State and may prove useful in the context of planning and evaluating future health care services among this population.
The spectrum of growth abnormalities in children with 18q deletions.

The objective of this study was to assess the spectrum of growth abnormalities in children with 18q deletions. The growth axis of 50 individuals with a cytogenetically and molecularly confirmed 18q deletion was investigated by determining height, growth velocity, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3, bone maturation, and response to pituitary stimulants of GH. Children with 18q deletions are short; 64% have a height more than 22 SD below the mean. Affected children also grow slowly; 68% have a growth velocity more than 21 SD below the mean. Half of the individuals have delayed bone maturation. Growth factors are skewed downward; 72% of the IGF-I values and 83% of the IGFbinding protein-3 values are below the mean for chronological age. Similarly, 72% of the children had a reduced or absent response to either of the GH stimulants, arginine and clonidine. In the total group of 50 children only 2 were normal for all parameters evaluated. Short stature and poor growth are common features of individuals with 18q deletions. GH deficiency is common in this cohort of patients and probably plays a role in the short stature seen in many of the affected individuals. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4450 ‐ 4454, 2000)
Exchange Rising? Karl Polanyi and Contentious Politics in Contemporary Latin America

Free-market reforms in the last quarter of the twentieth century weakened the point of production—labor unions—as the source of effective nonparty political countermovement to liberal capitalism. Has another significant source of societal resistance arisen in association with the resurgence of market economics? Building on the work of Karl Polanyi, this article argues that circuits of exchange—the commodification of labor, land, and money—can be powerful sources of movement against contemporary forms of free-market capitalism. It draws on the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador to explore how Polanyi's exchange-based approach helps to elucidate three phenomena: the great variety of identities behind the myriad movements against free-market capitalism, the emergence of community as a powerful locus for organizing, and the proliferation of new forms of transgressive and highly disruptive direct action to reinforce the debilitated effectiveness of the strike.
Modeling of the sulfidation of zinc‐titanium oxide sorbents with hydrogen sulfide

The overlapping grain model was used to describe the sulfidation of zinc oxide and zinc-titanium oxide powders at temperatures between 400–700°C in H2S-H2-N2 gas mixtures. Experimental data were collected under conditions free of mass-transfer and pore diffusion limitations. Thus, the only resistances to reaction were due to intrinsic sulfidation kinetics (surface reaction) and diffusion through the product layer. The product layer diffusion coefficient was used as a fitting parameter in the model. As the relative amount of titanium in the sorbent was increased, the product layer diffusion coefficient decreased. Similar activation energies (26.6 kcal/mol) were obtained for the product layer diffusion coefficient of ZnO and Zn-Ti-O sulfidation. From the similarity in activation energies, it is proposed that for both types of sorbents diffusion occurs primarily through ZnS.
Creating, transporting, cutting, and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting-based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits

Reports the completion of four fundamental fluidic operations considered essential to build digital microfluidic circuits, which can be used for lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis system (/spl mu/TAS): 1) creating, 2) transporting, 3) cutting, and 4) merging liquid droplets, all by electrowetting, i.e., controlling the wetting property of the surface through electric potential. The surface used in this report is, more specifically, an electrode covered with dielectrics, hence, called electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). All the fluidic movement is confined between two plates, which we call parallel-plate channel, rather than through closed channels or on open surfaces. While transporting and merging droplets are easily verified, we discover that there exists a design criterion for a given set of materials beyond which the droplet simply cannot be cut by EWOD mechanism. The condition for successful cutting is theoretically analyzed by examining the channel gap, the droplet size and the degree of contact angle change by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). A series of experiments is run and verifies the criterion.
BTG3 tumor suppressor gene promoter demethylation, histone modification and cell cycle arrest by genistein in renal cancer

BTG3/ANA/APR04 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene in some malignancies. It constitutes important negative regulatory mechanism for Src-mediated signaling, a negative regulator of the cell cycle and inhibits transcription factor E2F1. We report that BTG3 is downregulated in renal cancer and that the mechanism of inactivation is through promoter hypermethylation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that BTG3 was downregulated in cancer tissues and cells. Genistein and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5Aza-C) induced BTG3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in A498, ACHN and HEK-293 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. Bisulfite-modified PCR and DNA sequencing results showed complete methylation of BTG3 promoter in tumor samples and cancer cell lines. Genistein and 5Aza-C treatment significantly decreased promoter methylation, reactivating BTG3 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that genistein and 5Aza-C increased levels of acetylated histones 3, 4, 2H3K4, 3H3K4 and RNA polymerase II at the BTG3 promoter indicative of active histone modifications. Enzymatic assays showed genistein and 5Aza-C decreased DNA Methyltransferase, methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 activity and increased HAT activity. Cell cycle and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell proliferation assays showed that genistein has antiproliferative effect on cancer cell growth through induction of cell cycle arrest. This is the first report to show that BTG3 is epigenetically silenced in RCC and can be reactivated by genistein-induced promoter demethylation and active histone modification. Genistein had similar effects to that of 5Aza-C, which is a potent demethylating agent with high toxicity and instability. Genistein being a natural, non-toxic, dietary isoflavone is effective in retarding the growth of RCC cells, making it a promising candidate for epigenetic therapy in renal carcinoma.
Distributed Asynchronous Constrained Stochastic Optimization

In this paper, we study two problems which often occur in various applications arising in wireless sensor networks. These are the problem of reaching an agreement on the value of local variables in a network of computational agents and the problem of cooperative solution to a convex optimization problem, where the objective function is the aggregate sum of local convex objective functions. We incorporate the presence of a random communication graph between the agents in our model as a more realistic abstraction of the gossip and broadcast communication protocols of a wireless network. An added ingredient is the presence of local constraint sets to which the local variables of each agent is constrained. Our model allows for the objective functions to be nondifferentiable and accommodates the presence of noisy communication links and subgradient errors. For the consensus problem we provide a diminishing step size algorithm which guarantees asymptotic convergence. The distributed optimization algorithm uses two diminishing step size sequences to account for communication noise and subgradient errors. We establish conditions on these step sizes under which we can achieve the dual task of reaching consensus and convergence to the optimal set with probability one. In both cases we consider the constant step size behavior of the algorithm and establish asymptotic error bounds.
Undermining Justice: The Legal Profession's Role in Restricting Access to Legal Representation

The ideals of the legal profession include a commitment to providing legal representation to those unable to pay. Yet in a number of situations, court and bar association programs have denied free legal assistance to unpopular clients or causes or have restricted attorneys for the poor from using the same legal tools that are available to attorneys representing private clients. This article examines the complicity of lawyers in restricting the availability of legal assistance to low-income people. It examines the restrictions imposed by Congress on the availability of free legal assistance to the poor and chronicles the role the legal profession has played in imposing similar restrictions on lawyer-financed or sponsored legal assistance programs. The article considers the ethical implications of the legal profession's role in restricting access to legal representation and concludes that attorneys, judges, and bar organizations must consider the extent to which their programs and policies restrict the ability of some unpopular clients and causes to gain access to representation and must work to remove these restrictions.
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE): Auralization of Ultrasonic Signals for the Detection of Corrosion

During nondestructive evaluation (NDE), an instrument is used to receive inspection signals and display them for visual interpretation. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed technology that allows NDE signals generated from conventional ultrasonic instrumentation to be completely converted into audible (aural) signals to enhance reliability of evaluation through the use of two senses (ears and eyes) to improve inspection reliability.For example, detection of hidden corrosion on aircraft structures using conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques is difficult because of thin walls and corrosion topography. These characteristics require use of high-frequency, high-spatial-resolution transducers to attempt to detect backwall signal amplitude. It is difficult to visually discriminate backwall signals of thin wing structure from the normal ringdown of the transducer.Using aural UT, a trained inspector can listen to sounds generated by aural UT equipment and detect the presence of hidden corrosion with higher reliability than using conventional UT.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Regulated Expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genes

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene products are known to play a fundamental role in foreign antigen presentation to the cellular immune system. Much attention has been directed to the study of MHC class I gene expression as a means to understanding the processes by which MHC class I-mediated immune responses are regulated. Two areas of considerable interest have emerged, including regulation at the levels of transcriptional control and antigenic peptide-induced transport of MHC class I molecules. With an emphasis on these major areas of research, we review recent developments on the molecular and biochemical mediators and events of MHC class I gene regulation.
Narrative Discourse of African American Children

AbstractOral narratives are increasingly used in speech and language evaluations for measuring language skills, and to measure children's organizational skill within a broader communicative context. Because of this, oral-narrative analyses are applied to diverse age ranges and populations. However, there are few studies examining the production of narratives of child speakers of African American English (AAE), and these previous studies offer conflicting views on the nature of narratives in this population. Because of this, the purpose of this study was to investigate the production of narratives of AAE speaking children using elicitation procedures that were standard across participants. Fifteen partici-pants were selected from a predominantly African American low-income com-munity of Springfield, Massachusetts. Highpoint and story-grammar analyses-two analyses that are often applied narratives in previous studies- were applied to the samples gathered from these participants. The results indicated that (a) subjects produced a greater number of more advanced (com-plete and complex) structures than lower level structures within story grammar analysis at all age levels, and (b) the most advanced structure (classic structure) was observed more often than any other structures within highpoint analysis. (Speech/Hearing/Language Pathology)
A Control and Protection Scheme of Multi-terminal DC Power System for DC Line Fault

In the multi-terminal DC power transmission system,DC circuit breakers contribute to the fast fault clearing,but the immature manufacturing process leads to the difficulty of its engineering application.This paper uses AC circuit breakers on the DC side of the DC transmission system instead of DC circuit breakers,and a scheme of multi-terminal DC power system control and protections for the DC line fault is proposed.Using PSCAD/EMTDC,a ±800 kV bipolar four-terminal DC transmission system module is built and simulated.The simulation result shows that the system under the fault can achieve fast recovery by using the control and protection scheme based on AC breakers.The demand of power transmission is satisfied and the stability of the connected AC system is enhanced effectively.
Classification and clinical issues relating to hypersexuality

Multiple terms have been used to describe excessive and interfering patterns of non-paraphilic sexual behaviors including sex addiction, compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and hypersexual disorder (HD). While a field trial was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the criteria for HD, the condition was not included in DSM-5, with this decision in part relating to insufficient data on the proposed condition. Currently, CSB is being considered as a diagnostic entity in the category of impulse-control disorders for ICD-11. In this presentation, we will present data relating to HD/CSB. In particular, we will discuss current issues relating to diagnosis and classification, as well as data regarding the assessment and clinical correlates of sexually relevant constructs (e.g., pornography use and craving). Data relating HD/CSB behaviors to sexual risk-taking, sexually transmitted diseases and mental health problems (including suicidality) will be presented. A strategy for addressing HD/CSB in clinical settings will be proposed and discussed.
Cocaine: Usage, Misuse, and Addiction Processes. An Overview

Use and abuse of cocaine is a global problem with significant medical, economic, and social costs; yet no effective targeted pharmacological therapies exist. Unlike other drugs of abuse, cocaine usage typically takes longer to develop and involves repeated “binge” abstinence cycles that may continue for years before an individual becomes dependent on cocaine. Numerous genetic (such as polymorphisms in dopaminergic pathway genes) and environmental (especially stress) factors contribute to individual susceptibility to development of cocaine dependence. Cocaine blocks reuptake of all monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine), thus making its pharmacology and molecular neurobiology far more complex than most drugs of abuse, which typically act at a single, primary target. Modulation of the κ-opioid receptor/dynorphin system is a significant molecular neurobiological consequence of cocaine use, which may represent a viable pharmacotherapeutic target for treatment of cocaine addiction.
The many faces of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Recognizing and managing its life-threatening manifestations

Serious infections caused by S aureus, particularly those associated with bloodstream infection, are rapidly increasing in frequency, likely as a result of the proliferation of invasive procedures, the increasing severity of illness of hospitalized patients, suboptimal adherence to infection control practices, selection of resistant strains by antibiotic use, high rates of injecting drug use, and diabetes mellitus. In many cases, being aware of the clinical manifestations and treatment of S aureus can help to decrease the incidence of these infections and promote better care for patients who have been--or could be--exposed to the pathogen.
Conclusion: With Overwhelming Voices

‘Mr. Gladstone has told us that if the women of England care for the franchise, we must show him that it is so. Well, we must do so with overwhelming voices.’1
Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Neurological and Neuropsychological Perspectives, Volume I: Foundations and Methods

This book, the first of three volumes, provides a thorough background to the emerging field of neurobehavioral toxicology by looking at current clinical approaches and tests, as well as assessing current clinical research. The analysis of the impact of toxins on the human nervous system is particularly pertinent given the ongoing expansion of pharmaceuticals, industrial hazards, biological warfare and global pollution. A comprehensive introduction to neurobehavioral toxicology, this work will be of interest to practicing neurologists and neuropsychologists, as well as to occupational medicine physicians and medical toxicologists.
On Intraverbal Control and the Definition of the Intraverbal.

Behavior analysts should distinguish between the intraverbal, as a class of verbal operants, and intraverbal control, the potentiating effect, however slight, of a verbal antecedent on a verbal response. If it is to serve an explanatory function, the term intraverbal, as a class of verbal operants, should be restricted to those cases in which a verbal antecedent, as the result of a history of contiguous or correlated usage, is sufficient to evoke the putative intraverbal response. Intraverbal control is pervasive in verbal behavior, but since it is typically just one of many concurrent variables that determine the form of a verbal response, such multiply controlled responses are not usefully called “intraverbals.” Because intraverbals and their controlling variables have invariant formal properties, they are conceptually simple, but they nevertheless play a central role in the interpretation of complex phenomena such as the structural regularities in verbal behavior (i.e., grammar).
Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise Programs

This review examines the existing evidence on the impacts of Promise Programs on community development, K-12 academic achievement, and student postsecondary outcomes. Promise Programs are place-based, guaranteed college scholarships offered to all students who graduate from a certain school or district while meeting the minimum thresholds of the program. We delineate Promise Programs by their design - whether the scholarships are available to all students, are awarded based on merit, or are awarded based on need. We also note the applicability of Promise Programs - whether the funds be used at a wide range of postsecondary institutions, or if they are narrowly targeted towards certain institutions. We find suggestive evidence that Promise Programs are successful at improving housing prices, attracting residents to Promise zones, improving student K-12 academic outcomes, and increasing postsecondary enrollment. However, the number of studies examining Promise Programs remains limited, and skewed towards particular programs.
Mechanistic Studies of Hafnium-Pyridyl Amido-Catalyzed 1-Octene Polymerization and Chain Transfer Using Quench-Labeling Methods

Chromophore quench-labeling applied to 1-octene polymerization as catalyzed by hafnium-pyridyl amido precursors enables quantification of the amount of active catalyst and observation of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of Hf-bound polymers via UV-GPC analysis. Comparison of the UV-detected MWD with the MWD of the “bulk” (all polymers, from RI-GPC analysis) provides important mechanistic information. The time evolution of the dual-detection GPC data, concentration of active catalyst, and monomer consumption suggests optimal activation conditions for the Hf pre-catalyst in the presence of the activator [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. The chromophore quench-labeling agents do not react with the chain-transfer agent ZnEt2 under the reaction conditions. Thus, Hf-bound polymeryls are selectively labeled in the presence of zinc-polymeryls. Quench-labeling studies in the presence of ZnEt2 reveal that ZnEt2 does not influence the rate of propagation at the Hf center, and chain transfer of Hf-bound polymers to ZnEt2 is f...
Release of GPI-anchored membrane proteins by a cell-associated GPI-specific phospholipase D.

Abstract Although many glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have been observed as soluble forms, the mechanisms by which they are released from the cell surface have not been demonstrated. We show here that a cell-associated GPI-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) releases the GPI-anchored, complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (DAF) from HeLa cells, as well as the basic fibroblast growth factor-binding heparan sulfate proteoglycan from bone marrow stromal cells. DAF found in the HeLa cell culture supernatants contained both [3H]ethanolamine and [3H]inositol, but not [3H]palmitic acid, whereas the soluble heparan sulfate proteoglycan present in bone marrow stromal cell culture supernatants contained [3H]ethanolamine. 125I-labeled GPI-DAF incorporated into the plasma membranes of these two cell types was released in a soluble form lacking the fatty acid GPI-anchor component. GPI-PLD activity was detected in lysates of both HeLa and bone marrow stromal cells. Treatment of HeLa cells with 1,10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of GPI-PLD, reduced the release of [3H]ethanolamine-DAF by 70%. The hydrolysis of these GPI-anchored molecules is likely to be mediated by an endogenous GPI-PLD because [3H]ethanolamine DAF is constitutively released from HeLa cells maintained in serum-free medium. Furthermore, using PCR, a GPI-PLD mRNA has been identified in cDNA libraries prepared from both cell types. These studies are the first demonstration of the physiologically relevant release of GPI-anchored proteins from cells by a GPI-PLD.
Robust stabilization of a two-stage continuous anaerobic bioreactor system

This article studies the problem of stabilizing a two-stage continuous bioreactor system. A simple dynamic model of the system is first introduced based on a detailed mass balance model, and then used to derive a constant-yield controller to stabilize the system at given design steady state conditions. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, this control law is proved to guarantee stability of the closed loop system over the entire positive orthant. Simulation results show the successful performance of the controller. The control law is proved to be robust with respect to errors in the kinetic parameters and in the inlet feed concentration, in the sense of preserving its stability region. Performance of the control system can be enhanced if a feed-forward measurement of the inlet feed concentration can be incorporated in the control law. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1295–1304, 2018
Small-for-size Syndrome Does Not Occur in Intestinal Transplantation Without Liver Containing Grafts.

BACKGROUND The ideal donor in intestinal transplantation (ITX) is generally considered to be 50% to 70% of recipient body weight. This may be due to concerns for "small for size" syndrome as seen in liver transplantation. We report our experience using smaller donors (donor-recipient weight ratio [DRWR], < 50%) in ITX recipients. METHODS We studied a group of ITX recipients with DRWR of 50% or less to unmatched controls who received intestinal allografts with DRWR greater than 50%. We examined patient and graft survival and enteral autonomy from parenteral nutrition as surrogate markers for safety of using smaller donors and ease of abdominal wall closure between groups to determine the value. RESULTS There was no difference in overall patient and graft survival, time to enteral autonomy from parenteral nutrition, and weight gain after ITX over time between groups. The need for complicated abdominal closure techniques was significantly more frequent in the control group than in the study group (34.6% vs 6.9%, P = 0.01). Secondary abdominal closure occurred more frequently in the control group (15.4% vs 0%, P = 0.014). Wound revisions also occurred more frequently in the control group (15.4% vs 0%, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ITX using smaller donors (DRWR ≤ 50%) seems to be an acceptable practice without adverse impact on surgical complications, nutritional autonomy, and patient and graft survival. Abdominal wall closure seems easier in recipients of smaller donors and "small for size" syndrome as described in liver transplantation does not occur with intestinal allografts.
Performance analysis of WRF and LES in describing the evolution and structure of the planetary boundary layer

We implemented the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model and WRF Large-Eddy Simulation (WRF–LES), focusing on calculations for the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and compared the results against a data set of a well-documented campaign, in the Houston–Galveston area, Texas, in summer 2006. A methodology using WRF in a mesoscale and LES was implemented to assess the performance of the model in simulating the evolution and structure of the PBL over Houston during the Vertical Mixing Experiment. Also, the WRF model in a real case mode was examined to explore potential differences between the results of each simulation approach. We analyzed both WRF results for key meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction and potential temperature, and compared the model results against the observations. The reasonably good agreement of LES results forced with observed surface fluxes provides confidence that LES describes turbulence quantities such as turbulent kinetic energy correctly and warrants further turbulence structure analysis. The LES results indicate a weak but noticeable nighttime turbulent kinetic energy which was produced by wind shear in Houston’s planetary boundary layer and which may likely be related to intermittent turbulence. This is supported by observations made at the University of Houston Moody Tower air quality station when intermittent peaks of carbon monoxide occurred in the evening, although the variability in wind conditions was very little.
Cross Flow Resistance in Rod Bundle Cores

Experimental data have shown a high resistance to cross flow in the presence of large axial flows. This phenomenon may be explained by use of a full lateral momentum balance. Application of the mom...
The Plate Tectonic Connection

The Earth’s surface has four plate tectonic environments: divergent, convergent, and transform fault plate boundaries, and intra-plate locations. Volcanism is concentrated at plate boundaries or in linear belts or local magma floods, usually of basalt, in intra-plate locations. Andesites occur in all four environments. However, orogenic andesites are associated primarily with convergent plate boundaries, and this association is the significance of the “andesite line” frequently drawn around the Pacific Ocean. This line is a boundary seaward of which no orogenic andesites occur and is attributed to Marshall (1912) and Born (1933). Originally the andesite line was thought coincident with the boundary of the Pacific basin, but it is, instead, the western and northern boundary of the Pacific plate and the eastern boundary of the Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and Nazca plates. Sugisaki (1972) extended its meaning to include all plate boundaries converging at > 2.5 cm/yr.
Evidence and Dimensions of Commercial Driver Differential Crash Risk

This paper highlights evidence from several instrumented vehicle studies that crash risk varies significantly among commercial truck drivers, and also cites findings from surveys of fleet safety managers and other experts on the topic of individual differences in commercial driver crash risk. Within various subject groups, 10-15% of the drivers typically account for 30-50% of the crash risk. This pattern is seen in measures of driver errors associated with crashes and also in measures of driver drowsiness. The evidence also suggests, but does not yet prove, that these individual differences are long-term. To the extent that these individual differences are long-term, they may be considered personal traits. This paper conceptualizes driver risk factors, provides illustrative examples of differential individual risk within groups of drivers, identifies driver factors thought to be most associated with crash risk, and considers the opportunities for improved commercial driving safety presented by differential crash risk.
Linker-Dependent Singlet Fission in Tetracene Dimers.

Separation of triplet excitons produced by singlet fission is crucial for efficient application of singlet fission materials. While earlier works explored the first step of singlet fission, the formation of the correlated triplet pair state, the focus of recent studies has been on understanding the second step of singlet fission, the formation of independent triplets from the correlated pair state. We present the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of meta- and para-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimers that are analogues to the ortho-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimer reported by our groups previously. A comparison of the excited-state properties of these dimers allows us to investigate the effects of electronic conjugation and coupling on singlet fission between the ethynyltetracene units within a dimer. In the para isomer, in which the two chromophores are conjugated, the singlet exciton yields the correlated triplet pair state, from which the triplet excitons can decouple via molecular rotations. In ...
Perspectives of meaningful work in a high-burnout academic medical center: a discourse analysis

We conducted a discourse analysis of meaningful work from the perspective of healthcare workers in an academic medical center where we previously observed relatively high levels of personal burnout (52.7%) and work-related burnout (47.5%), all based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory survey. Burnout is often studied as psychological condition characterized by exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of inefficacy or lack of career achievement, but as demonstrated in this analysis, burnout loses its meaning because healthcare professionals provide a robust account of what makes work meaningful to them despite their prevalence of burnout. Healthcare professionals exhibit a higher level of burnout compared to workforce members in other organizations. Physicians specifically are at high risk for exhibiting symptoms of burnout and work-life imbalances. In addition, burnout manifests itself early in the physician’s career compared other occupations, and in our sample was prevalent among nurses, too. In this discourse analysis of written answers to the survey question, In ten words or less describe what makes your work meaningful? healthcare professionals provide an account of meaningful work that maintains its value in this environment despite the level of burnout, especially when healthcare professionals can use their hard-earned knowledge to make a difference in the lives of people, and observe the results of their work, which is beyond just taking care of patients. Nurses accounted for meaningful work in terms of close connections with patients, while being closely focused on ability to provide professional care and experiencing the outcomes associated with that care, and knowing that they have done a good job. Physicians were patient focused, and they expressed meaningful work in terms of making a difference, and using their abilities to help patients. Basic scientists accounted for meaningful work in terms of their training and abilities to use science for the betterment of others in society.
Reseña de Vinatea, Martina, «Fundación y grandezas de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de los Reyes de Lima de Rodrigo de Valdés. Estudio y edición crítica», Nueva York, IDEA, 2018, 352 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-46-6

Resena de Vinatea, Martina, Fundacion y grandezas de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de los Reyes de Lima de Rodrigo de Valdes. Estudio y edicion critica , Nueva York, IDEA, 2018, 352 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-46-6
A National Study of the Influence of the Community College Pathway on Female Students’ STEM Baccalaureate Success:

Objective: This study examines the role of community colleges in closing the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by studying whether beginning at a community coll...
A Strengthening of the Erd\H{o}s-Szekeres Theorem

The Erdős-Szekeres Theorem stated in terms of graphs says that any red-blue coloring of the edges of the ordered complete graph $K_{rs+1}$ contains a red copy of the monotone increasing path with $r$ edges or a blue copy of the monotone increasing path with $s$ edges. Although $rs+1$ is the minimum number of vertices needed for this result, not all edges of $K_{rs+1}$ are necessary. We prove the following surprising characterization of ordered graphs on $rs+1$ vertices with this coloring property: there is a unique minimal graph with this property, and any ordered graph with this property must contain our minimal example as a subgraph. Additionally, we use similar proof techniques to improve upon the bounds on the online ordered size Ramsey number of a path given by Perez-Gimenez, Pralat, and West.
Paleosol-based inference of niches for Oligocene and early miocene fossils from the John Day Formation of Oregon

Over the past decade, we recorded exact locations of in situ fossils and measured calcareous nodules in paleosols of the Oligocene and lower Miocene (Whitneyan–Arikareean) John Day Formation of Ore...
Seasonal Variations in the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke, Extracranial and Intracranial Hemorrhage in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Background Ischemic stroke (IS) and major bleeding, which are serious adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), could have seasonal variations, but there are few reports.Methods and Results:In the Shinken Database 2004-2016 (n=22,018), 3,581 AF patients (average age, 63.5 years; 2,656 men, 74.2%; 1,388 persistent AF, 38.8%) were identified. Median CHADS2and HAS-BLED scores were both 1 point. Oral anticoagulants were prescribed for 2,082 (58.1%) patients (warfarin, 1,214; direct oral anticoagulants [DOACs], 868). Incidence and observation period (maximum 3 years) of IS, extracranial hemorrhage (ECH), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were counted separately for the northern hemisphere seasons. During the mean follow-up period of 2.4 years, there were totals of 90 IS, 73 ECH, and 33 ICH cases. The respective incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 8.5, 8.8, 7.5, and 16.8 for IS, 7.2, 9.7, 3.8, and 13.1 for ECH, and 2.7, 1.9, 3.8, and 7.0 for ICH. The number of patients with DOACs relatively increased among those with ECH in summer. Conclusions Significant seasonal variations were observed for IS, ECH, and ICH events in AF patients, and were consistently the highest in winter. A small peak of ECH was observed in summer, which seemed, in part, to be related to increased DOAC use.
Erratum for Jha et al., “Gammaherpesvirus Infection of Human Neuronal Cells”

Volume 6, no. 6, e01844-15, 2015, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01844-15][1]. In Fig. 6B a duplicated image appeared as the untreated control for the Bright Field image for 5 dpi. The image should appear as shown below. There are no other changes to the text or figure legend. ![Figure][2]</img
Dark matter annihilation rate with nonstandard thermal history

We consider the cosmology of a model in which the dark matter is part of a nonminimal hidden sector which is not in thermal equilibrium with the standard model particles at the time of dark matter decoupling. We show that the annihilation rate of dark matter can be either lower or higher than in standard thermal decoupling models, but no higher than a factor of about 5, unless there is a Sommerfeld enhancement. We use as a minimal example a simple model in which dark matter couples to the standard model through a light scalar intermediary that is itself unstable. This model has several notable features, and allows a natural explanation for a surplus of positrons and electrons, as has been suggested by data from PAMELA, ATIC and FERMI.
Disparities in exposure to television advertising of sugar-sweetened and non-nutritive sweetened beverages among U.S. adults and teens, 2007-2013

The objective of this study was to estimate disparities in exposure to television advertising of sugar-sweetened and non-nutritive sweetened beverages among U.S. adults and teens. Data (2007-2013) came from the National Consumer Survey and included 115,510 adult respondents (age 18+) and 8635 teen respondents (age 12-17). The data was originally accessed in 2018 and analyzed in 2019-2020. The main outcomes were individual-level estimated exposure to advertisements for regular soda, diet soda, and energy/sport drinks. The main exposures were by race/ethnicity, household income, and educational attainment. Non-white adults (teens) were exposed to an estimated (per year) 101.5 (190.1) regular soda ads, 49.5 (61.2) diet soda ads, and 157.1 (279.6) energy/sport ads per year while white respondents were exposed to 97.5 (127.7) regular soda ads, 45.8 (44.2) diet soda ads, and 123.9 (192.0) energy/sport ads per year. Adult (teen) respondents who were non-white with low incomes and with low educational attainment were exposed to 4.7% (53.7%) more regular soda ads, 6.6% (43.8%) more diet ads, and 23.2% (56.2%) more energy/sport ads than respondents who were white with high incomes and high educational attainment. Demographic and socio-economic groups with a higher prevalence of obesity were exposed to significantly more advertisements for sugar-sweetened beverages. When evaluating potential policies to regulate marketing of sugar-sweetened and non-nutritive sweetened beverages, policymakers should consider the disparate exposure of at-risk populations to advertising of sugar-sweetened and non-nutritive sweetened beverages.
Tele-Neurology Curriculum: A Primer

Tele-neurology is an emerging field to deliver quality care with the help of upcoming technological advancements. Medical training currently lacks any formal education concentrating specific opportunities and challenges in tele-neurology. This chapter describes various modules and learning methods that can be inculcated in clerkship programs.