cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Organizational Socialization Tactics on Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict of Newly Hired Social Workers

ABSTRACT This study sought to get a better understanding of the nature of social workers' adjustment to their new work environments. Its purpose was (1) to identify tactics that human service organizations use for socializing newly hired social workers, (2) to assess the relationship between various socialization tactics, and the outcomes of role ambiguity and conflict. A survey was administered to 210 MSW students from two successive annual graduating classes of a major southern university. The questionnaire included measures of socialization tactics (Jones, 1986), and role ambiguity and conflict (Rizzo, House, & Lirtzman, 1970). Among the tactics used to socialize social workers into human service organizations were serial, investiture, collective, random, variable, and informal. Results suggest that socialization tactics affect role ambiguity and conflict. Specifically, individual, investiture, and fixed tactics lead to lower role ambiguity, whereas investiture tactic leads to lower role conflict.
Doubly-Binomial Option Pricing with Application to Insurance Derivatives

We generalize the standard lattice approach of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1976) from a fixed sum to a random sum in a subordinated process framework to accommodate pricing of derivatives with random-sum characteristics. The asset price change now is determined by two independent Bernoulli trials on information arrival/non-arrival and price up/down, respectively. The subordination leads to a nonstationary trinomial tree in calendar-time, while a time change to information-time restores the simpler binomial tree that now grows with the intensity of information arrival irrespective of the passage of calendar-time. We apply the model to price the CBOT catastrophe futures call spreads as a binomial sum of binomial prices, which illuminates the information conveyed by the randomness of catastrophe arrival. Numerical results demonstrate that the standard binomial formula that ignores random claim arrival produces largest undervaluation error for out-of-money short-maturity options when a small number of significant catastrophes may strike during the option's maturity.
Bcl-2 is a novel interacting partner for the 2-oxoglutarate carrier and a key regulator of mitochondrial glutathione

Despite making up only a minor fraction of the total cellular glutathione, recent studies indicate that the mitochondrial glutathione pool is essential for cell survival. Selective depletion of mitochondrial glutathione is sufficient to sensitize cells to mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) and intrinsic apoptosis. Glutathione is synthesized exclusively in the cytoplasm and must be actively transported into mitochondria. Therefore, regulation of mitochondrial glutathione transport is a key factor in maintaining the antioxidant status of mitochondria. Bcl-2 resides in the outer mitochondrial membrane where it acts as a central regulator of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. In addition, Bcl-2 displays an antioxidant-like function that has been linked experimentally to the regulation of cellular glutathione content. We have previously demonstrated a novel interaction between recombinant Bcl-2 and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was antagonized by either Bcl-2 homology-3 domain (BH3) mimetics or a BH3-only protein, recombinant Bim. These previous findings prompted us to investigate if this novel Bcl-2/GSH interaction might play a role in regulating mitochondrial glutathione transport. Incubation of primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) with the BH3 mimetic HA14-1 induced MOS and caused specific depletion of the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with GSH after chemical cross-linking in CGNs and this Bcl-2/GSH interaction was antagonized by preincubation with HA14-1. Moreover, both HA14-1 and recombinant Bim inhibited GSH transport into isolated rat brain mitochondria. To further investigate a possible link between Bcl-2 function and mitochondrial glutathione transport, we next examined if Bcl-2 associated with the 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC), an inner mitochondrial membrane protein known to transport glutathione in liver and kidney. After cotransfection of CHO cells, Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with OGC and this novel interaction was significantly enhanced by glutathione monoethyl ester. Similarly, recombinant Bcl-2 interacted with recombinant OGC in the presence of GSH. Bcl-2 and OGC cotransfection in CHO cells significantly increased the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Finally, the ability of Bcl-2 to protect CHO cells from apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide was significantly attenuated by the OGC inhibitor phenylsuccinate. These data suggest that GSH binding by Bcl-2 enhances its affinity for the OGC. Bcl-2 and OGC appear to act in a coordinated manner to increase the mitochondrial glutathione pool and enhance resistance of cells to oxidative stress. We conclude that regulation of mitochondrial glutathione transport is a principal mechanism by which Bcl-2 suppresses MOS.
Supermodulus effect in metallic superlattices of grain boundaries

Abstract The elastic behavior of superlattices of (100) and (111) twist grain boundaries in f.c.c. metals is investigated by means of atomistic computer simulations. The anomalous elastic and structural properties obtained from the simulations are found to be rather similar to those observed experimentally for composition-modulated strained-layer superlattices. In particular, for both plane orientations a maximum in the biaxial modulus and Young's modulus is found at about the same value of the modulation wavelength Λ ( ≈ 15−17 A ) at which a minimum appears in the modulus for shear parallel to the interfaces. A comparison of the (100) and (111) results illustrates the existence of a close connection between the elastic anomalies, the changes in sample dimensions, and the structural disorder due to—and localized at— the grain boundaries. The extremes in these moduli are shown to arise from the interaction between the interfaces.
Glomerular sieving of high molecular weight proteins in proteinuric rats

Glomerular sieving of high molecular weight proteins in proteinuric rats. To characterize the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to high molecular weight proteins in normal and proteinuric rats, we determined the glomerular sieving coefficients (GSC) of radioiodinated marker proteins of known size and charge by means of a paired label, tissue accumulation method previously validated in this laboratory. In one group of rats (Series A) the GSCs of 125 I-anionic IgG (aIgG—molecular weight [mol wt] 150,000, pI 4.9) and 131 I-neutral IgG (nIgG—pI 7.4 to 7.6) were measured simultaneously. In Series B, the GSC of a second anionic marker, 131 I-human ceruloplasmin (Crp—mol wt 137,000, pI 4.9) was compared to that of 125 I-nIgG. As in the previous report, the labeled proteins were not degraded or deiodinated during the 20 minute clearance period for GSC determination. Within Series A and B, three subgroups of rats were studied: control saline–infused rats, rats made acutely proteinuric by infusion of the polycation hexadimethrine (HDM), and rats with chronic doxorubicin (Adriamycin®—Adria) nephrosis. In the control rats, GSCs for the anionic markers algG (Series A) or Crp (Series B) were significantly greater than that of nIgG (both series). These large proteins crossed the filtration barrier by a different pathway from that available to smaller neutral molecules the size of albumin, which in our previous study had a much higher GSC than a native, anionic albumin marker. In a third group of control rats only (Series C), the GSCs of native anionic bovine albumin (BSA) and nIgG were compared directly. The GSC of BSA (0.0029) was only slightly larger than the GSC of nIgG (0.0025), indicating that most of the native albumin crosses the glomerular capillary wall via a nonselective pathway similar to that available to nIgG. The results in the control groups are compatible with recently–described heteroporous models of glomerular size selectivity. In the HDM proteinuric rats of both series, the filtration of all three markers was significantly increased, although the GSCs of the anionic markers continued to exceed that of nIgG. The finding of increased nIgG filtration in HDM rats confirms our previous observation that HDM, although it binds to and neutralizes anionic sites in glomerular basement membrane, induces a structural change which leads to altered pore size distribution. Adria rats also had increased GSCs of all markers, although the increase was not as great as in HDM rats, and the GSCs of the anionic and neutral markers became equal. The finding of increased nIgG filtration in the Adria rats demonstrates that altered size dependence of permselectivity, shown by others using polysaccharide probes, can be detected with protein markers as well, if they are of large enough size.
Mechanical Properties and Precipitation Behavior of Ti-Mo Microalloyed Medium-Carbon Steel during Ultrafast Cooling Process

We describe here the mechanical property evolution and precipitation hardening behavior under different cooling conditions including ultrafast cooling (UFC) + air cooling process and accelerated cooling (ACC) + air cooling process in a Ti-Mo microalloyed medium carbon steel is described here. The results demonstrate that the cooling procedure after hot rolling has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the microalloyed steel. The yield strength and tensile strength that were obtained by ultrafast cooling (UFC) + air cooling process were higher than those from accelerated cooling (ACC) + air cooling process, while the elongation was slightly reduced. Microstructural characterization indicated that grain refinement and precipitation hardening were the primary reasons for the increase in strength of the experimental steel. Ultrafast cooling increased the density of dislocations and refined the grain size. Average size of precipitates containing Ti and Mo was 3~6 nm in ultrafast cooling (UFC) + air cooling process, while average precipitate size obtained by accelerated cooling (ACC) + air cooling process was 6~9 nm. Keywords: Ti-Mo medium-carbon steel; Precipitation; Ultra fast cooling process; accelerated cooling process
998-119 Should We Worry About the Hypercholesterolemic Effects of Anti-Hypertensive Medications?

Several large studies have demonstrated improved morbidity and mortality with lowering of blood pressure (BP) in hypertension (HTN). The drugs which have been shown to lower BP and cardiovascular (CV) risk are beta blocking agents and thiazide diuretics. In spite of the documented benefit from the use of these agents, there is a tendency among some physicians to avoid these two classes of drugs when treating HTN. One of the reasons quoted is that both of these classes of drugs increase cholesterol levels, which is postulated to negate the CV risk reduction afforded by BP lowering. This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of benefit from the lowering of BP with these drugs and compare it with the expected loss of benefit due to increased cholesterol levels with these drugs. A decision analysis was constructed utilizing a new life expectancy (LE) function. L1FESPANS (Lagrange Interpolated Functions of Empirical Survival Percentages Approximated by NEVADA Simulations) is designed to individualize mortality prediction utilizing mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics and numerous large epidemiological studies. Modifiable factors which are included in this model to assist in the survival prediction include: age, sex, race, BP cholesterol level, current smoking history, and body mass index. For the initial analysis, a 10% reduction in BP with a 5% increase in absolute cholesterol level with these agents was assumed. Sensitivity analyses were performed for a wide range of initial BPs, cholesterol levels and smoking history. Reduction of BP with either of these agents resulted in 1–5 years of additional LE depending on baseline conditions. Significant increases in LE were predicted even in the elderly. A 5% rise in cholesterol, in contrast, was associated with a 0.0–0.6 year decrease in LE. The reduction in LE for increased cholesterol was at most 28% of the increase in LE due to BP lowering. Women had a slightly greater reduction of LE from increased cholesterol In conclusion, without taking the other metabolic effects of these agents into consideration, the increase in CV risk due to the small predicted increase in cholesterol only partially negates the benefits of BP lowering. These predictions are based on studies utilizing high dose (50–100 mg) diuretics. Lower doses will have even less effect on lipid profiles and the negative LE changes in hypertensive patients.
Nonlinear Thermal Modelling and Control of a PEM Fuel Cell Stack

The purpose of this paper is to present a nonlinear control method for accurately maintaining coolant temperature within a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack by controlling coolant flow rate. Due to the current sensitive nature of the membrane and a strict relative humidity requirement it is critical to precisely control the internal temperature of the fuel cell. First, an optimization-based parameter identification is applied to determine unknown coefficients to the nonlinear thermal model of the fuel cell stack. The stack is modelled according to a lumped parameter Continuous-flow Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) form. The paper then presents a nonlinear disturbance rejection control technique to accomplish the necessary temperature control. Experimental data from a 17-cell fuel cell stack is used for both the modelling and control portions of this work.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The United States and the third world: Motives, objectives, Policies

Gone are the days when the United States believed herself to be impervious to developments elsewhere and was convinced of the automatic relevance of her values as a model for other states. Gone, too, is her desire to remake the world in her own image; damage limitation now prevails over universalism. Entangling alliances are now shunned not merely because of the risks inherent in alliances but also because of doubts about whether the United States has in fact anything to contribute in regions which she finds complicated to understand and onerous to deal with. This self-doubt extends to the use of military force, to the widespread, nagging doubt about whether she can wield it at all, particularly in situations of ambiguity in which goals are unclear, victory hard to define and success elusive.
A new vision: Changed engineering outcome expectations through EWB-USA

With the growing demands for additional and diverse engineers, the atypical gender balance experienced by Engineers Without Borders-USA (EWB-USA) is a unique engineering education research setting. Exploring the gender balance of this organization could assist the field's efforts in better recruiting and retaining female engineers. In this work-in-progress study, a social cognitive career theory framework is used to explore the engineering outcome expectations of engineers both involved and not involved with the organization. Qualitative methods were used to gather outcome expectations of male, female, professional, and student engineers, and initial case-based and thematic coding was performed. Preliminary results suggest that EWB-USA members have unique engineering outcome expectations that are often influenced by their organizational involvement. This study may identify ways in which the larger engineering field can replicate similar alternative expectations, particularly to aid the recruitment and retention of a more gender balanced engineering population.
Adaptive Covariate Adjustment in Clinical Trials

In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), as a result of covariate adjustment, the estimated mean difference between the two comparative treatment groups may have a better precision than the unadjusted estimate. The extent of improvement of precision depends on the correlation between the outcome variable and the covariate selected for adjustment. Therefore, for this purpose, it is desirable to apply a proper transformation to this covariate so that the transformed covariate has a stronger correlation with the outcome variable. The best predictor from the covariate for the outcome variable is the conditional expectation of the outcome variable given the covariate. Thus, a viable strategy is using regression modeling approach to search for a statistical model to well approximate the conditional expectation based on external and/or current trial data. We propose an adaptive strategy to achieve this goal if the current data are needed to help the search.
On a Property of Logarithmic Spirals

Logarithmic spirals, analyzing curve on surface of cylinder, existence and conditions of ellipticity conditions, determining curve transformation into ellipse based on logarithmic spiral properties
Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of cytochrome c in cells

Cytochrome c is a heme protein normally bound to mitochondria and is important for mitochondrial electron transport and apoptosis initiation. Since cytochrome c is nonfluorescent, it is always labeled with fluorescent molecules for imaging, which, however, may affect normal cellular functions. Here, label-free photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) of mitochondrial cytochrome c was realized for the first time by utilizing the optical absorption around the Soret peak. PAM was demonstrated to be sensitive enough to image mitochondrial cytochrome c at 422 nm wavelength. Mitochondrial cytochrome c in the cytoplasm of fixed fibroblasts was clearly imaged by PAM as confirmed by fluorescent labeling. By showing mitochondrial cytochrome c in various cells, we demonstrated the feasibility of PAM for label-free histology of mouse ear sections. Therefore, PAM can sensitively image cytochrome c in unstained cells at 422 nm wavelength and has great potential for functional imaging of cytochrome c in live cells or in vivo.
Characterizing complex polymer decompositions using TG/GC/FTIR

Efforts to characterize the thermal decomposition products of polymers typically employ techniques such as TG/IR and TG/MS. Unfortunately, in most decompositions a myriad of products are evolved simultaneously, limiting the effectiveness of these techniques. Trapping the effluents of the TG and subjecting the trapped materials to separation by GC prior to analysis by IR or MS aids in the identification of the effluents, but the thermal dependency (that is, the temperature at which the material is evolved) is lost. A method to determine the identity of the components and the temperature range over which the materials are evolved is described here.
Race networks: a theory of competitive recognition networks based on the rate of reactivation of neurons in cortical columns

A theory of noniterative neural processing is presented for use in recognition networks performing competitive pattern classification. This scheme has advantages over the more iterative approaches in terms of processing speed, simplicity, and stability while learning. The theory derives from an examination of the operation of the simple cells of the primary visual cortex. A competitive pattern classification system consists of a set of feature detectors, each tuned to respond to a specific type of pattern. The collection of feature detectors classifies a pattern by finding the detectors that respond most strongly to the pattern. In race networks this is achieved by setting up a race between feature detectors to overcome their inhibition, as opposed to the more conventional method of the competitive feedback of activation strengths. At the start of each processing cycle all recognition cells receive a potent dose of inhibition. Stimulus signals are applied to the cells to reactivate them. A cell responds best to the pattern it is tuned to detect. The first cell to overcome its inhibition signals a response and triggers a wave of inhibition that restarts the cycle. >
On crack extension in ductile/brittle laminates

The problem of crack progression in a laminate consisting of alternate brittle and ductile layers has been addressed. A finite element analysis has been used to calculate stresses in the vicinity of a crack and the results rationalized on the basis of low and high stress bounds associated, respectively, with small-scale yielding and with a shear lag at the interface. Preliminary experiments conducted on Al2O3/Al laminates have been used to assess the crack extension criterion, upon comparison with the stress analysis. Implications for the strength and toughness of laminates are briefly presented.
Quantitation of hydroxyl radical during Fenton oxidation following a single addition of iron and peroxide

Chemical probes were used to study the formation of hydroxyl radical in aqueous iron-hydrogen peroxide reaction. Hydroxyl radical formation rate and time dependent concentration were determined in pure water, in aqueous fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) solutions, and in natural surface waters. Indirect determinations of hydroxyl radical were made by quantitating hydroxyl radical reactions with probe compounds under controlled conditions. High probe concentrations were used to determine radical formation rates and low probe concentrations were used to determine time dependent radical concentration. Two independent probes were used for intercomparison: benzoic acid and 1-propanol. Good agreement between the two probes was observed. Natural water matrices resulted in lower radical formation rates and lower hydroxyl radical concentrations, with observed formation rate and yield in natural waters up to four times lower than in pure water. HA and FA also reduced hydroxyl radical formation under most conditions, although increased radical formation was observed with FA at certain pH values. Hydroxyl radical formation increased linearly with hydrogen peroxide concentration.
Vibration absorbers for a rotating flexible structure with cyclic symmetry: nonlinear path design

This paper analytically investigates the nonlinear dynamics of order-tuned vibration absorbers applied to cyclic rotating flexible structures under traveling wave (TW) engine-order excitation. The primary cyclic structure is assumed to be governed by linear vibrations and the nonlinear absorber response arises from large amplitude kinematic effects. These dynamics are captured by a lumped-parameter model that consists of N blades with one blade mode and one absorber per blade, which are arranged with cyclic symmetry on a rotating disk. The governing equations of motion are formulated for arbitrary absorber paths to allow investigation of the absorber path design for nonlinear response. This paper extends previous work by the authors, which considered the linearized blade and absorber dynamics of a similar system. Several intriguing features of the dynamics were uncovered, most notably the existence of an absorber tuning range that avoids resonance at any rotation speed. Of particular interest is the existence and stability of the steady-state TW response to TW excitation, as experienced in turbomachinery, and how these are affected by selection of the absorber paths, which fix the linear and nonlinear tuning characteristics. It is shown that the TW response, which is unique for the linearized system, also exists for the weakly nonlinear model and can be captured by an equivalent two degree of freedom model obtained using the symmetry of the excitation and system response. The forced response exhibits the usual characteristics of a weakly nonlinear system, specifically, bistability and the attendant hysteresis near resonance. More significantly, it does not experience any additional instabilities associated with the symmetry. That is, the desired TW response is robust to nonlinear effects in the absorber, which allows use of the simple equivalent model for selection of absorber tuning parameters. For good performance and robustness, the linear absorber tuning should be in the “no-resonance zone” described by the linear theory and the absorber paths should have a slightly softening nonlinear characteristic.
Effect of particle size and dopant on properties of SnO2-based gas sensors

Abstract The effect of composition, microstructure, and defect chemistry on sensing performance of gas sensors based on CuO-doped SnO2 is investigated using sol–gel derived nano-sized powders (about 20 nm). The particle size of copper oxide doped tin oxide is varied by annealing at different temperatures and a significant grain growth is observed at temperatures above 1000°C due to the liquid phase sintering effect of copper oxide. The reduction of particle size to nanometers, or to the dimension comparable to the thickness of charge depletion layer, leads to a dramatic improvement in sensitivity and speed of response. It appears that the substitution of Sn by Cu in the cassiterite structure increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies and decreases the concentration of free electrons. In particular, the existence of cuprous ions (Cu+), due to partial reduction of Cu2+ during sintering, plays an important role in enhancing the sensor response to nitric oxide (NO) and CO2.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma of the lung presenting as empyema thoracis

B-cell lymphoma in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is usually a disseminated process that occasionally involves the lungs. Surgical diagnosis is often necessary to distinguish this from other neoplasms or opportunistic infections of the lung. We report a case of pulmonary B-cell lymphoma in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus who presented with a left empyema thoracis and an associated left lower lobe abscess secondary to bronchial obstruction. Resection was performed and the patient subsequently recovered from the acute process and survived an additional 6 months. This report demonstrates that surgical intervention may be necessary for both the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphoma and the definitive management of infectious complications that may arise as a result of pulmonary neoplastic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Effect of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone on regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve in rats

Abstract Treatment with testosterone after transection of the hypoglossal nerve in young adult female rats significantly accelerated the axonal outgrowth, whereas treatment with its active metabolite, 5α-dihydrotestosterone initially enhanced, but later inhibited the axonal outgrowth. The possible causes of discrepancy in promoting nerve regeneration by these androgens were discussed.
Regional fat depots and their relationship to bone density and microarchitecture in young oligo-amenorrheic athletes.

Context Various fat depots have differential effects on bone. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is deleterious to bone, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) has positive effects. Also, marrow adipose tissue (MAT), a relatively newly recognized fat depot is inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Bone mass in athletes depends on many factors including gonadal steroids and muscle mass. Exercise increases muscle mass and BMD, whereas, estrogen deficiency decreases BMD. Thus, the beneficial effects of weight-bearing exercise on areal and volumetric BMD (aBMD and vBMD) in regularly menstruating (eumenorrheic) athletes (EA) are attenuated in oligo-amenorrheic athletes (OA). Of note, data regarding VAT, SAT, MAT and regional muscle mass in OA compared with EA and non-athletes (C), and their impact on bone are lacking.
Efficient 3-SAT algorithms in the tile assembly model

Self-assembly is a powerful process found in nature that guides simple objects assembling, on their own, into complex structures. Self-assembly is of interest to computer scientists because self-assembling systems can compute functions, assemble shapes, and guide distributed robotics systems. The tile assembly model is a formal mathematical model of self-assembly that allows the study of time and space complexities of self-assembling systems that lie at the heart of several molecular computer implementations and distributed computational software systems. These implementations and systems require efficient tile systems with small tilesets and fast execution times. The state of the art, however, requires vastly complex tile systems with large tilesets to implement fast algorithms. In this paper, I present $${\mathbb{S}}_{FS},$$ a tile system that decides 3-SAT by creating $$O^{\star}(1.8393^n)$$ nondeterministic assemblies in parallel, improving on the previous best known solution that requires $$\Uptheta(2^n)$$ such assemblies. This solution directly improves the feasibility of building molecular 3-SAT solvers and efficiency of distributed software. I formally prove the correctness of the system, the number of required parallel assemblies, that the size of the system's tileset is $$147 = \Uptheta(1),$$ and that the assembly time is nondeterministic linear in the size of the input.
A Sex Attractant of the Western Corn Root worm

Approximately 12,000 female Diabrotica virgifera LeConte were extracted with hexane. Part of the resulting extract (oil) was column chromatographed to obtain various ether/hexane fractions. Crude and ether/hexane fractious were bioassayed in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, the 5% ether/hexane fraction was the most attractive; in the field, acetone extracts of the crude hexane extract showed that 500 or more female equivalents were necessary to attract more than 10 males per trap during the testing period.
Oscillatory mechanics of the respiratory system in normal rats

Respiratory system impedances were measured by a modified forced oscillatory technique in 30 normal male CRD-free Sprague-Dawley rats at frequencies between 20 and 90 Hz. A resonance frequency was found (mean = 39 Hz) below which reactances were negative and above which reactances were positive. Resistances were generally found to be frequency dependent, increasing with increasing frequencies. Frequency dependent behavior in resistance has been ascribed to inhomogeneities in parallel airway pathways and to the effects of airway wall compliance. optimization techniques were used to estimate the values of parameters in a variety of lumped-parameter mechanical networks incorporating parallel pathways and/or airway wall compliance. The model whose response compared the best with the data and that resulted in the most consistent parameter values was found to be one where the airways are separated into central and peripheral components by a shunt pathway containing an airway wall compliance. The mean values for each of the parameters within the model were central airway resistance (54 cm H2O/L/sec), peripheral airway resistance (53 cm H2O/L/sec), central airway inertance (0.058 cm H2O/L/sec2), peripheral airway inertance (0.116 cm H2O/L/sec2)(, airway wall compliance (0.182 X 10(-4) L/cm H2O), and respiratory system compliance (1.267 X 10(-4) L/cm H2O).
Evolution of the Janus-Epimetheus coorbital resonance due to torques from Saturn's ring

We analyze the interactions between Saturn's coorbital satellites, Janus and Epimetheus, and the outer edge of the A ring, which is presumably maintained by these moons at their 7:6 resonance. Using two distinct but conceptually related methods, we show that ring torques are driving these satellites into a tighter lock. Unless there is a counterbalancing force which we have neglected, their orbital configuration will evolve from the current horseshoe-type lock to one of tadpole orbits around a single Lagrange point in ∼20 myr. This finding adds an additional member to the list of short time scale problems associated with the interactions between Saturn's rings and its inner moons
Investigating the nucleus by neutron radiative capture

The use of neutron radiations capture as a tool for understanding nuclear properties is reviewed. Neutron sources and instrumentation are described. Nuclear spectroscopy and gamma spectra characteristics are discussed. The results of a series of experiments on the nuclear structure of Erbium 168 are presented as an example of the application of the technique. Practical applications of (n,..gamma..) spectroscopy are noted.
Life satisfaction and the male Vietnam veteran

One hundred and sixty eight males divided into three categories (48 Vietnam veterans, 55 Vietnam-era veterans, and 65 Vietnam-era nonveterans) were compared in the Life Satisfaction Index, an instrument designed to reflect morale or happiness, and on the dempgraphic variables of age, marital status, occupation, dependents, and physician visits per year. None of the demographic variables studied were found to be contributing factors in relation to the Life Satisfaction Index scores. A priori comparisons were computed for each group on the Life Satisfaction Index. The Vietnam veteran group had the lowest Life Satisfaction mean score of the three groups, while the Vietnam-era and the Vietnam-era nonveteran groups both scored above the overall mean. While data showed that all three groups reported a general satisfaction with life, anF ratio of 3.5 indicated that there was a significant difference between the Vietnam veteran and the Vietnam-era nonveteran on this measure. However, the Vietnam veteran appeared no less satisfied with his life than his Vietnam-era veteran counterpart, as illustrated by a nonsignificantt ratio.
DVFS-enabled sustainable wireless NoC architecture

In the design of high-performance massive multi-core chips, power and heat have become dominant constraints. Increased power consumption can raise chip temperature, which in turn can decrease chip reliability and performance and increase cooling costs. In this paper we demonstrate how small-world Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures with long-range wireless links and DVFS-enabled wireline links facilitate design of energy and thermally efficient and hence sustainable multi-core chips. Our performance analysis demonstrates that the DVFS-enabled Wireless NoC improves overall energy dissipation by around 60% and reduces the temperature of the hottest node in the network by up to 30% depending on the specific application without incurring any latency penalty over a traditional mesh network.
Are Your Check Transactions Secure Enough

Cash misappropriations—which include currency, checks, and money orders—is the most common target of white-collar criminals. And check tampering is one of their most common methods. This article explains the different types of check tampering schemes that dishonest employees use—and how to prevent and detect them. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solving the quintic by iteration

Equations that can be solved using iterated rational maps are characterized: an equation is ‘computable’ if and only if its Galois group is within A5 of solvable. We give explicitly a new solution to the quintic polynomial, in which the transcendental inversion of the icosahedral map (due to Hermite and Kronecker) is replaced by a purely iterative algorithm. The algorithm requires a rational map with icosahedral symmetries; we show all rational maps with given symmetries can be described using the classical theory of invariant polynomials.
Prior Victimization, Region, and Neighborhood Effects on Fear of Crime in Mumbai, India

Research in Western countries has found that prior victimization, region, and neighborhood effects, such as high population density, residential instability and low social cohesion as well as related characteristics such as litter, public drunkenness, and abandoned storefronts, are all significant predictors of fear of crime. The present study examined the extent to which these factors were associated with predicting fear of crime in one of the fastest growing economies in the world – India. Data from the International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS), conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Institute, suggest that, similar to findings from Western literature (with the exception of car theft and burglary), prior victimization is strongly related to fear of crime. However, contrary to findings from the Western literature, fear of crime appeared to be stronger among the middle classes than among the lower and higher classes. Moreover, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Experimental study of the electronic and lattice contributions to the VO2 transition

The contributions of electronic and crystallographic components to the semiconductor → metal transition in VO2 have been estimated from resistivity, E.P.R., and calorimetric measurements of the electronic and thermodynamic properties of GaxV−xO2, where 0 < x < 0.0130. E.P.R. and resistivity measurements indicate a decrease in the metallic character of the high-temperature R phase with increasing x, and calorimetric measurements of the energetics of the transition show a decrease in the enthalpy and entropy of the transition with increasing levels of doping. This concomitant decrease in enthalpy and metallic character with increasing x implies a strong contribution of the electronic entropy to the transition. An extrapolation of the combined electronic and calorimetric data for GaxV−xO2 to pure VO2 suggest that the electronic entropy comprises about 60% of the total entropy of transition in VO2.
An algorithm for sampling subsets of H/sub /spl infin// with applications to risk-adjusted performance analysis and model (in)validation

In spite of their potential to reduce computational complexity, the use of probabilistic methods in robust control has been mostly limited to parametric uncertainty, since the problem of sampling causal bounded operators is largely open. In this note, we take steps toward removing this limitation by proposing a computationally efficient algorithm aimed at uniformly sampling suitably chosen subsets of H/sub /spl infin//. As we show in the note, samples taken from these sets can be used to carry out model (in)validation and robust performance analysis in the presence of structured dynamic linear time-invariant uncertainty, problems known to be NP-hard in the number of uncertainty blocks.
Grating coupling to surface plasma waves. II. Interactions between first- and second-order coupling

For grating periods larger than the excitation wavelength, multiple-grating orders couple incident optical radiation to the surface plasma waves (SPW’s) characteristic of the metal–air interface. For a grating period that is an integral multiple of the wave vector of these surface modes, two resonances become degenerate in coupling angle. There are also permitted diffraction orders at this coupling angle. The vicinity of this multiple-mode coupling resonance, where several free-space electromagnetic modes, as well as two surface modes, are coupled by different orders of a grating, is known as a minigap region. Not surprisingly, the response surface displays complex dependences on frequency, angle, and grating profile. A detailed experimental and theoretical study is presented of the optical response at 633 nm in the (+1, −2) minigap region for Ag films deposited on photolithographically defined 870-nm-period gratings. Measurements of both the 0-order reflectance and the −1-order diffraction are presented for a wide progression of grating depths. The SPW resonances depend on the grating depth, and this variation is used to tune through the minigap region for a fixed wavelength and period. Similar measurements are presented for a single grating as a function of wavelength through the minigap region. In both measurements the 0-order response shows only a single broad minimum as the resonances approach degeneracy, while the −1-order diffraction shows clearly defined momentum gaps. A simple theoretical model based on the Rayleigh hypothesis is presented that gives a good qualitative picture of the response. The response surfaces are sensitive to the grating profile, and detailed modeling requires inclusion of higher-order grating components.
Evidence for a Jahn-Teller Distortion in the CMR Layered Manganite La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7

The changes with temperature in the crystallographic structure of the two-layered La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7, are on average quite small but the atomic pair density function analysis of pulsed neutron diffraction data shows that the lattice is locally distorted in accordance with the change in the transport properties. In particular, while no Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion is expected in the layered compounds because the octahedral bilayers are almost cubic, lattice distortions attributed to a large JT effect are present and are of comparable magnitude as in the cubic perovskite system. This could in turn explain the similarity in their properties. The number of the JT distorted sites is reduced with temperature concomitantly with the decrease in resistivity of the ab-plane.
The neuroethology of frequency preferences in the spring peeper

We studied the relationship between auditory activity in the midbrain and selective phonotaxis in females of the treefrog, Pseudacris crucifer. Gravid females were tested in two-stimulus playback tests using synthetic advertisement calls of different frequencies (2600 versus 2875 Hz; 2800 versus 3500 Hz; 2600 versus 3500 Hz). Tests were conducted with and without a background of synthesized noise, which was filtered to resemble the spectrum of a chorus of spring peepers. There were no significant preferences for calls of any frequency in the absence of background noise. With background noise, females preferred calls of 3500 Hz to those of 2600 Hz. Multi-unit recordings of neural responses to synthetic sounds were made from the torus semicircularis of the same females following the tests of phonotaxis. We measured auditory threshold at 25 frequencies (1800‐4200 Hz) as well as the magnitude of the neural response when stimulus amplitude was held constant and frequency was varied. This procedure yielded isointensity response contours, which we obtained at six amplitudes in the absence of noise and at the stimulus amplitude used during the phonotaxis tests with background noise. Individual differences in audiograms and isointensity responses were poorly correlated with behavioural data except for the test of 2600 Hz versus 3500 Hz calls in noise. The shape of the neural response contours changed with stimulus amplitude and in the presence of the simulated frog chorus. At 85 dB sound pressure level (SPL), the level at which females were tested, the contours of females were quite flat. The contours were more peaked at lower SPLs as well as during the broadcast of chorus noise and white noise at an equivalent spectrum level (45‐46 dB/Hz). Peaks in the isointensity response plots of most females occurred at stimulus frequencies ranging from 3200 to 3400 Hz, frequencies close to the median best excitatory frequency (BEF) of 3357 Hz but higher than the mean of the mid-frequency of the male advertisement call (3011 Hz). Addition of background noise may cause a shift in the neural response-intensity level functions. Our results highlight the well-known nonlinearity of the auditory system and the danger inherent in focusing solely on threshold measures of auditory sensitivity when studying the proximate basis of female choice. The results also show an unexpected effect of the natural and noisy acoustic environment on behaviour and responses of the auditory system. © 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
A Discourse on the Study of Environmental Multimedia Transport

The environment we live in is a complex multimedia system, which is comprised of the biosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the lithosphere. Of these spheres, each possesses its own natural state, variable characteristics, and distinctive set of operational laws. To characterize a phenomenon for a given condition in a multimedia environmental system, it requires an extensive qualitative and quantitative understanding of the environmental process involved. To an environmental engineer/scientist, aside from the intrinsic complexity of the system, as many as 100,000 chemicals exist, which may threaten the environment due to their toxic effects. Needless to say, there are growing concerns about the dangers of actual and potential environmental pollution. The principal objective of this special issue on Environmental Multimedia Transport ~EMMT! is to provide a forum for presenting the current ideas, research activities, and technical matters of this complex subject.
Ring laser gyro applications for tactical missiles: the Army TACMS solution

The Honeywell H700-3A ring laser gyro missile guidance set (AN/DJW-51) provides navigation, guidance, autopilot, weapons dispensing, and communications functions for the US Army TACMS missile in a low-initial-cost and low-life-cycle-cost package. It is primarily the use of low-cost inertial sensors which make the use of a ring laser gyro navigation system feasible in the tactical missile market. The H700-3A ring laser gyro missile guidance set has proven to be a low-cost, high-accuracy guidance and navigation system for the deep-strike Army missile weapons system. This has been borne out by a highly successful test program of 26 missile flights. The components of the missile guidance set are described in detail. >
Radiographic Pathology of the Temporomandibular Joints, and Head Pain

SYNOPSIS The rationale for the use of many diagnostic tests in head pain patients must be questioned, since most studies include only symptomatic individuals. In previous works by the authors, it has been documented that x-ray techniques to view osseous structures, other than high resolution computerized tomography (CT), are likely to be inadequate.1 CT was found to be a valuable aid in the detection of bony abnormalities in patients with post-traumatic head pain. 2 There is no doubt that the detection of fractures and other osseous defects with this technique provided an accurate diagnosis as to the cause of pain and enabled successful treatment planning with these trauma patients. Most non-trauma head pain patients complain of similar types of pains, but upon evaluation of their CT findings, no correlation could be made between the duration, intensity or frequency of the pain and the structural damage found, if in fact any pathology was visualized on the CT scans. After reviewing numerous publications concerning head pain related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, and clinically evaluating many patients who had undergone various x-ray procedures as diagnostic modalities for the pain, it was decided to compare a group of pain free subjects and patients who were treated for head and/or facial pain that was proven to be unrelated to TMJ problems, with a group of subjects confirmed to have non-traumatic induced TMJ symptoms. Our subjects in this pain free study group exhibited pathology equal to or greater than those patients suffering with pain from the TMJ. Upon analysis of our data, we feel that we can state that CT findings of pathology within the TMJ, not associated with trauma, can in no way quantitate or qualitate any relation to pain.
Transition Planning for Students with Significant Disabilities: Implications for Student-Centered Planning

An analysis of transition plans for students with disabilities was conducted across 24 school divisions in Virginia. Eighty-four public school students, ages 14 to 21, with significant disabilities, comprised the sample. The results indicate that for a majority of students with significant disabilities there is a need for greater participation in the planning of their future, increased opportunities to access employment prior to exiting school, and access to a range of services to provide ongoing and long-term support in the community.