cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economies with non-convex production and complexity equilibria

The convexity assumptions required for the Arrow-Debreu theorem are reasonable and realistic for preferences; however, they are highly problematic for production because they rule out economies of scale. We take a complexity-theoretic look at economies with non-convex production. It is known that in such markets equilibrium prices may not exist; we show that it is an intractable problem to achieve Pareto efficiency, the fundamental objective achieved by equilibrium prices. The same is true for core efficiency or any one of an array of concepts of stability, with the degree of intractability ranging from F Δ2P-completeness to PSPACE-hardness. We also identify a novel phenomenon that we call complexity equilibrium in which agents quiesce, not because there is no way for any one of group of them to improve their situation, but because discovering the changes necessary for (individual or group) improvement is intractable. In fact, we exhibit a somewhat natural distribution of economies that has an average-case hard complexity equilibrium.
Aspects of Self-Revelation and Self-Disclosure

(1996). Aspects of Self-Revelation and Self-Disclosure. Contemporary Psychoanalysis: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 237-248.
Child Care Program Directors: What Skills Do They Need? Results of a Statewide Survey.

Experienced child care directors (N=217) were asked to prioritize the skills that would be essential for a novice director to have. The duties were arranged into categories that included fiscal responsibility, personnel management, physical space management, overseeing the children's program, monitoring health and safety, supervising meals and meeting nutritional needs, working with parents, marketing the program, and program evaluation. The directors who responded were all from Minnesota. They felt it was essential to meet state licensing requirements as the first priority. They offered suggestions to beginning directors in each category. They found on-the-job training and having a mentor were helpful in learning the director's role. The author recommended that licensing requirements for directors be examined since many states' minimum standards do not reflect the administrative skills those in the field consider essential for this responsible position.
Concomitant placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies have gained wide use for long-term enteral nutrition. However, gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia have occurred following this procedure. Initial enthusiasm concerning the ability of intrajejunal feeding to negate the risk of aspiration has been challenged by some reports.
Employee Theft and Efficacy of Certain Control Procedures in Commercial Food Service Operations

Estimates suggest that theft is responsible for one third of business failures and may be quite prevalent in food service. This study examined employee deviance and theft in food service operations and, in a limited number of settings, the efficacy of certain managerial policies and procedures in reducing or preventing the incidence of theft. Results indicate that older employees were less likely to participate in theft-related activities. Also, employ ees were more likely to engage in unacceptable activities that were more likely to be within the context of their job and where more of an opportunity was perceived. In most cases the respondents believed they were less involved than other employees. The amount reported to be stolen by employees was more than twice that estimated by managers. Some of the poli cies and procedures designed to control and safeguard the assets offood service operations do not appear to have the desired effect.
On the neurophysiology of consciousness: Part II. Constraining the semantic problem.

Abstract The main idea in this series of essays is that subjective awareness (more precisely, what I call C) depends upon the intralaminar nuclei of each thalmus (hereafter, ILN). This implies that the internal structure and external relations of ILN make subjective awareness possible. An array of material relevant to this proposal was briefly reviewed in Part I (Bogen, 1995). This Part II considers in more detail some semantic aspects and a bit of philosophic background as these pertain to propositions 0, 1, and 2 of Part I. Part II should be read in conjunction with Part I.
Power-constrained distributed transmission of sensor-network measurements

Distributed imaging using sensor arrays is gaining rapid popularity among various research and development communities. A common bottleneck within the sensor network framework is the large resulting data size. In applications where transmission power (and/or bandwidth) is constrained, this can drastically decrease the sensor network lifetime.
Suppression of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in coherent system using polymeric dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators

A linearized dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) based on a new electro-optic (EO) polymer is fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to suppress the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) in a coherent analog fiber optic link. A total 30dB cancellation of the IMD3 was achieved.
The integration of a traditional cooperative education program and a computer science discipline

The Cooperative Education (CO-OP) Program at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU) and its impact in a Computer Science (CS) discipline are described. CO-OP certification and a comparison of the academic performance of the CO-OPing student and the non-CO-OPing student are discussed. In particular, the CS CO-OP students' attitudes on the program and their acquisition of knowledge outside the traditional classroom environment are presented. Options for earning academic credit in computer science, the growth of CO-OPing in computer science, and the typical job assignments and monetary compensation are also included.
Pharmacokinetics and molecular modification: implications in drug design and evaluation.

Abstract This is a review (and in some cases an analysis) of selected pharmacokinetic studies on drugs with closely related chemical structures. It is not an attempt to survey all of the work that has been reported in the field of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, nor is it a summary of all studies involving alteration of drug absorption, distribution, and excretion through molecular modification. Several recent publications collectively serve that purpose, and these are cited within the text. This review is an attempt to stress the significance of pharmacokinetics in drug design and to illustrate the main points using examples selected from the literature.
Symbolically Muslim: Media, Hijab, and the West:

This research examines newspaper reporting to question how the media represented the ideological interests of Western nations concerning symbolic representations of Islam in public following 11 September 2001. Critical discourse analysis is used to examine 72 stories that were published in the New York Times and Washington Post between 2004 and 2006. The stories covered the ban on hijab in France, the debate about niqab in Britain, and veiling by Muslim women in the USA. They show that knowledge about veiling in Western nations must include their national identities as well as their concerns about Muslims’ assimilation/integration and Islamic terrorism. American newspaper media positioned France, Britain, and the USA as ideologically alike in spite of their different framings of religious freedom. Reporting supported the interests, values, and hegemony of the West with representations that created the common sense that Muslim women would not veil in public.
System-on-chip environment: a SpecC-based framework for heterogeneous MPSoC design

The constantly growing complexity of embedded systems is a challenge that drives the development of novel design automation techniques. C-based system-level design addresses the complexity challenge by raising the level of abstraction and integrating the design processes for the heterogeneous system components. In this article, we present a comprehensive design framework, the system-on-chip environment (SCE) which is based on the influential SpecC language and methodology. SCE implements a top-down system design flow based on a specify-explore-refine paradigm with support for heterogeneous target platforms consisting of custom hardware components, embedded software processors, dedicated IP blocks, and complex communication bus architectures. Starting from an abstract specification of the desired system, models at various levels of abstraction are automatically generated through successive step-wise refinement, resulting in a pin-and cycle-accurate system implementation. The seamless integration of automatic model generation, estimation, and verification tools enables rapid design space exploration and efficient MPSoC implementation. Using a large set of industrial-strength examples with a wide range of target architectures, our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework and show significant productivity gains in design time.
First year of movement, distribution and availability of Cs137 in the forest floor under tagged tulip poplars

Abstract Influx, distribution, and leachability of Cs 137 in the forest floor were measured for environmental description. Rain, leachates, litter, soil and roots were collected under the crowns of tulip poplars ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) tagged in May. The Cs 137 content of the samples was measured by scintillation counting. Before leaf fall 85 per cent of the Cs 137 in the forest floor was found in roots which consequently set the distribution pattern. Concentrations of Cs 137 in soil varied by 2 orders of magnitude within a few cm distance. Distribution of Cs 137 was less influenced by rainout and runoff. Ten soil cores of 7 cm 3 , 2·1 cm dia. and 2 cm deep, were found sufficiently large to estimate local mean distribution of Cs 137 in litter and in soil, in the various seasons. Variabilities ( s as percentage of X ) ranged from 31–62% of the mean. Leaf fall doubled the total amount of Cs 137 in the forest floor and increased the amount of Cs 137 in litter 15 fold. Leachability of Cs 137 in the fresh litter was nine times greater than in old litter and increased the content of mobile Cs 137 in the entire litter layer by two orders of magnitude. During winter more than half of the Cs 137 in litter and roots leached into the soil. In spring there was renewed rainout from the canopy. The large differences in amount, concentration, and leachability of Cs 137 over short periods of time and distances could only be measured by combining the results of detailed and frequent sampling using a variety of methods.
Boys and Girls as Social Support Theorists.

Interviews were conducted with 36 children (6 girls and 6 boys at each of three age levels: 7, 10, and 13) to explore gender differences in the perceived costs and benefits of seeking social support from the social network. Each child was asked why children in five hypothetical situations would or would not turn to others. Content analysis of the interview protocols revealed that boys and girls did speak about the goals and concerns of children in distinctive ways. Girls were more likely than boys to describe children as seeking practical help from others, but were also more likely to envision children who were too overcome with emotion to confide in others or who desired to be alone to work out their own responses to the situation. The findings are discussed in light of gender role norms concerning interpersonal connection and emotional expression.
Arachidonic Acid–Dependent Phosphorylation of Troponin I and Myosin Light Chain 2 in Cardiac Myocytes

Abstract Recent evidence has suggested that arachidonic acid (AA) may be an important signaling molecule in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. We previously showed that AA and endothelin-1 (ET) inhibit distinct K+ channels via protein kinase C–dependent pathways in rat ventricular myocytes. In addition, we demonstrated that Ca2+ transients in populations of fura 2–loaded myocytes were potentiated by AA and ET via activation of protein kinase C. In this study, we have used suspensions of [32P]orthophosphate (32Pi)–labeled rat ventricular myocytes to study the effects of AA and ET at the level of the myofilaments. After a 10-minute incubation of the labeled cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), AA, or ET in the presence or absence of the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C, the myofibrillar proteins were separated by PAGE. Measurement of unloaded cell shortening using video edge detection in single electrically stimulated myocytes was also used to assess the effects of AA and ET on myo...
Intraoperative direct measurement of left ventricular outflow tract gradients to guide surgical myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objectives We sought to summarize our recent experience with intraoperative monitoring for management of patients undergoing surgical myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with emphasis on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We also analyzed the impact of these data on surgical decision-making and adequacy of septal myectomy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 198 patients who underwent transaortic septal myectomy and evaluated baseline and provoked left ventricular outflow tract gradients obtained by Doppler echocardiography and by direct measurement of pressures in the left ventricle and aorta. Results After induction of anesthesia before myectomy, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, assessed by direct measurement, was less than the gradient documented by preoperative Doppler echocardiography in 119 patients (60%) (41 ± 31 vs 76 ± 40 mm Hg; P P P P Conclusions Direct intraoperative measurement of pressures in the left ventricle and aorta provides important hemodynamic data in addition to intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography findings. This information assists the surgeon in defining the extent of myectomy.
Characterizing dielectric tensors from angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images

Biaxial ellipsometry is a technique that measures the dielectric tensor and thickness of a biaxial substrate, single-layer thin film, or multi-layer structure. The dielectric tensor of a biaxial material consists of the real and imaginary parts of the three orthogonal principal indices (n x + ik x , n y + ik y and n z + ik z ) and three Euler angles (Θ, Φ, Δ) to describe its orientation. The method utilized in this work measures an angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix from a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter equipped with a pair of microscope objectives with low polarization aberrations. The dielectric tensors for multilayer samples are determined from multi-spectral angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images in either a transmission or reflection mode using an appropriate dispersion model. Given approximate a priori knowledge of the dielectric tensor and film thickness, a Jones matrix image is first calculated by solving Maxwell's equations at each surface which is then transformed into a Mueller matrix image. An optimization algorithm then finds the best fit dielectric tensor based on matching the measured and calculated angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images. One use for this application is to more accurately determine the dielectric tensors of biaxial films used in liquid crystal displays.
Fabrication and Testing of 8.4 m Off-axis Segments for the Giant Magellan Telescope

The first off-axis segment for the Giant Magellan Telescope is being manufactured at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab. This project includes development of a manufacturing facility and three independent measurements for the seven segments.
Atomic physics in tokamak plasmas

Abstract Tokamak discharges produce hydrogen-isotope plasmas in a quasi-steady state, with radial electron temperature, Te(r), and density ne(r), distribution usually centrally peaked, with typical values Te(0)∼1–3 keV, ne(r)∼1014 cm−3. Besides hydrogen, the plasma contains small quantities of carbon, oxygen, various construction or wall-conditioning materials such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Zr, Mo, and perhaps elements added for special diagnostic purposes, e.g., Si, Sc, Al, or noble gases. These elements spatially fairly homogeneously distributed, with the different ionization states occuring near radial locations where Te(r)≈Ei, the ionization potential. Thus, spectroscopic measurements of various plasma properties, such as ion temperatures, plasma motions or oscillations, radial transport rates, etc. are automatically endowed with spatial resolution. Furthermore the emitted spectra, even of heavier elements such as Fe or Ni, are fairly simple because only the ground levels are appreciably populated under the prevailing plasma conditions. Identification of near-ground transitions, including particularly magnetic dipole and intercombination transitions of ions with ionization potentials in the several keV range, and determination of their collisional and radiative transition probabilities will be required for development of appropriate diagnostics of tokamak-type plasmas approaching the prospective fusion reactor conditions.
Material testing of silicon carbide mirrors

The Aerospace Corporation is developing a space qualification method for silicon carbide optical systems that covers material verification through system development. One of the initial efforts has been to establish testing protocols for material properties. Three different tests have been performed to determine mechanical properties of SiC: modulus of rupture, equibiaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness. Testing materials and methods have been in accordance with the respective ASTM standards. Material from four vendors has been tested to date, as part of the MISSE flight program and other programs. Data analysis has focused on the types of issues that are important when building actual components- statistical modeling of test results, understanding batch-to-batch or other source material variations, and relating mechanical properties to microstructures. Mechanical properties are needed as inputs to design trade studies and development and analysis of proof tests, and to confirm or understand the results of non-destructive evaluations of the source materials. Measuring these properties using standardized tests on a statistically valid number of samples is intended to increase confidence for purchasers of SiC spacecraft components that materials and structures will perform as intended at the highest level of reliability.
Development of an Instrument to Document the 5A’s for Smoking Cessation

Background The widely recommended 5A's strategy for brief smoking cessation includes five tasks: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. Assessments of the 5A's have been limited to medical-record review and self-report. Using observational data, an instrument to assess the rate at which the 5A's are accomplished was developed. Methods The 5A's Direct Observation Coding scheme (5A-DOC) was developed using published 5A's guidelines and was refined using observed clinician–patient interactions. The development sample consisted of 46 audio-recorded visits of smokers with their physician ( n =5), collected in 2000. The 5A-DOC was next applied to a second sample of 131 visits with 28 physicians between 2005 and 2008. Inter-rater reliability was assessed and frequencies reported. Analyses were completed in 2008. Results Three observations shaped the development of the 5A-DOC: (1) patients accomplish 5A's tasks; (2) some communication actions accomplish multiple 5A's tasks simultaneously; and (3) sequence is important. Inter-rater agreement for identifying each task was moderate to excellent (kappa=0.58–1.0). When smoking status was established (Ask, n =78), 61% Assessed readiness, and 50% contained Assist. In all, 73% failed to complete the 5A's adequately. Conclusions Accounting for patient activity in smoking-cessation discussions is essential to accurately capture the degree to which the 5A's have been accomplished. The 5A-DOC can be applied to audio or transcript data to reliably assess which of the 5A's tasks have been accomplished. Clinician performance of the 5A's was modest, and findings suggest that clinician training should focus on Assess and the timing of this task, and alignment with patients' reported readiness.
Dynamic Scheduling for Reduced Energy in Configuration-Subsetted Heterogeneous Multicore Systems

Heterogeneous and configurable multicore systems provide hardware specialization to meet disparate application hardware requirements. However, effective multicore system specialization can require a priori knowledge of the applications, application profiling information, and/or dynamic hardware tuning to schedule and execute applications on the most energy efficient cores. Furthermore, even though highly disparate core heterogeneity and/or highly configurable parameters with numerous potential parameter values result in more fine-grained specialization and higher energy savings potential, these large design spaces are challenging to efficiently explore. To address these challenges, we propose a novel configuration-subsisted heterogeneous and configurable multicore system, wherein each core offers a small subset of the design space, and propose a novel scheduling and tuning (SaT) algorithm to efficiently exploit the energy savings potential of this system. Our proposed architecture and algorithm require no a priori application knowledge or profiling, and incurs minimal runtime overhead. Results reveal energy savings potential and insights on energy tradeoffs in heterogeneous, configurable systems.
Food safety hazards associated with school food service delivery systems

A study was conducted to compare four school food preparation and delivery systems regarding microbiological content of foods as indicative of potential food safety hazards. Food samples were collected along the preparation and delivery line of each of 10 menu items from 16 total schools representing the four food preparation and delivery systems. Schools and systems were compared on the basis of statistically significant differences in aerobic plate count and relative frequency of improper food temperature and objectionably high indicator bacteria counts. Food preparation and handling abuse was a characteristic of individual schools and was not uniquely characteristic of any particular food preparation and delivery system or systems.
Inhibition of tumor promotion by a biomimetic superoxide dismutase

A low molecular weight, lipophilic, copper coordination complex with superoxide dismutase-mimetic activity inhibited biochemical and biological actions of a tumor promoter in mouse epidermis. Such inhibitory effects implicate reactive oxygen species in the tumor promotion process.
A collaborative approach to college and university student health and wellness

Combining university health centers and campus recreation and wellness centers into one facility is a new trend in collaborative facility design.
Reaction of Bromine with Uracils

SOME interesting observations on the reaction of bromine with pyrimidine compounds were recently reported by Cohn1. Since 1907, when Wheeler and Johnson2 first observed the coloured reaction product obtained by the action of bromine with uracil or cytosine and isolated the intermediate, the bromine reaction has been utilized for structural determinations, analyses and the preparation of derivatives3. In 1940, Johnson concluded that “5,5-dibromo-4(6)-hydroxyhydrouracil decomposed spontaneously and quantitatively to 5-bromouracil and HOBr”4. I have been unable to confirm this observation. Due to the renewed interest in pyrimidine chemistry and the discrepancies concerning the bromine reaction which have appeared in the literature, I wish to propose a mechanism for this reaction based on the experiments described below.
Stable isotopes and cellulase activity as evidence for detritus as a food source for juvenile Gulf Menhaden

Menhaden are one of the most abundant components of fish communities in Gulf and Atlantic estuaries. Juvenile menhaden have been reported to have zooplankton, phytoplankton, andSpartina-derived detritus in their guts. However, there has been disagreement over the importance of the detritus as a food source. We show, using physiological and stable isotope evidence, that detritus can be used by juvenile Gulf menhaden. Their diet is very roughly 30% detritus- and 70% plankton-based.
Association of Home Equipment Educators—The Changing Face of Home Equipment Education

The need for information about household tools and equipment in the home dates back to the beginning of civilization and continues today. In response to an increased demand for home equipment information around the beginning of the 20th century, formal education on the topic began to grow, and manufacturers and utility companies contributed to consumers’ education on home equipment. From this growing interest, a professional association developed to bring together professionals in the field. The Association of Home Equipment Educators, in collaboration with government agencies, private organizations, trade associations, and equipment manufacturers, has had a significant impact on research and education in the field of home equipment.
Commentary: Making risk factors more cost-effective predictors of disease

This commentary will apply Michael Marmot’s 1 call for theories that make more accurate predictions to risk factors, which provide the etiological model for most chronic diseases. The use of risk factor research in health care will be compared with that in the life insurance industry, which developed the concept. Two proposals will be made to improve the predictive accuracy and cost-effectiveness of risk factors in health care. Marmot uses theories of the causes of coronary heart disease to examine models of causation in epidemiology and public health. He shows that science does not proceed in a straightforward inductive chain from facts to causal hypotheses and theories. Nor can hypotheses be refuted by simply producing facts that contradict them. Consequently, he suggests that a useful theory is one that produces relationships which accurately predict health outcomes. Accurate predictions, however, should not be the only objective of health care models, especially since predictions tend to be less accurate in chronic diseases than in most infectious diseases. A problem of equal urgency is cost-effectiveness. Too much health research fails to incorporate cost-effectiveness in its design or analyses and consequently too much health care produces only a small amount of benefit for the societal expenditures involved. Cost-effectiveness is a key issue because of the steep increases in health care expenditures that have afflicted all advanced countries. In the USA, health care expenditures have reached one-sixth of the gross domestic product and are climbing steadily. Individual states spend up to one-quarter of their budgets on medical care for the poor. Increased public and private expenditures for health care have reduced the standard of living in many ways, including less spending for education, social welfare, income security, the environment, infrastructure and public safety.
Economics of cage culture in Puerto Rico.

Abstract Puerto Rico has been faced with a decline of fish stocks similar to other parts of the world. Offshore cage aquaculture might be an answer to this problem although there are many unanswered questions. This paper describes a project in Puerto Rico that assessed the economics of offshore cage culture for aquaculture. The first cage was placed in the water in February 2002 with a second one to follow shortly thereafter.
Neutrophil functional responses depend on immune complex valency

Ligand-induced cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R) on neutrophils plays a significant role in their stimulation, shown here by contrasting the responses induced by low valency immune complexes (LICs) and high valency immune complexes (HICs) and by cross-linking LICs in situ (L/Ab) after their addition to the cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to measure immune complex (IC)-elicited changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and initiation of the oxidative burst simultaneously in the same cell and to correlate these with Fc gamma R occupancy. We have previously shown that subpopulations of neutrophils respond maximally to subsaturating concentrations of HIC; saturating dosages stimulate the entire population. This discrepancy was not due to differences in receptor occupancy. The magnitude of the transient Ca2+ increase was independent of the dose of HIC but depended on the dose when an LIC was used. As shown here, L/Ab cross-linking elicited Ca2+ responses similar to those observed in HIC-stimulated cells. In contrast, LIC elicited only minimal intracellular delta pH and no oxidative burst or membrane potential changes at all unless Fc gamma R was cross-linked, accomplished by HIC or by L/Ab. However, azurophilic degranulation, as determined by elastase release, was not observed in cells stimulated by the in situ cross-linking method, whereas the HIC preparation triggered azurophilic degranulation. Thus, some Fc gamma R-mediated neutrophil effector functions such as azurophilic degranulation and oxidative burst initiation have an absolute requirement for Fc gamma R cross-linking, whereas signaling functions such as changes in membrane potential, intracellular pH, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration can occur, albeit more slowly and to a lesser extent, if single Fc gamma R are occupied.
Confidence intervals for the difference of two proportions estimated from pooled samples

This article presents confidence intervals for the difference of two binomial proportions estimated from pooled samples with unequal pool sizes. Asymptotic methods are used to derive Wald, profile score, and profile likelihood ratio intervals. Corrections for bias and skewness of the distribution of the Studentized score statistic are used to improve the profile score interval. Further, the easily computed Wilson score-based interval of Newcombe is adapted. Coverage and noncoverage probabilities and expected lengths of the confidence intervals are estimated for a range of parameter values expected in application, for both one- and two-sample cases. The skewness-corrected profile score interval is generally recommended. The methods are applied to a comparison of West Nile virus mosquito infection prevalences by trapping height in field collections from Louisiana in 2003.
Effects of Sediment Homogenization on Interstitial Water PCB Geochemistry

Sediment homogenization is a common practice in many contaminated sediment toxicity testing and chemical analysis protocols. A primary goal of sediment homogenization is to reduce inter-replicate variability. In this study, the geochemical effects of sediment homogenization were evaluated by measuring the concentration and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmentally contaminated marine sediment interstitial waters. Sediment homogenization, prior to isolation of interstitial waters, was found to significantly increase the concentration of PCBs in the dissolved and colloidal phases—generally by a factor of two. Long-term storage (i.e., several months) of sediments following mixing appeared to allow interstitial water distributions of PCBs to return to “normal,” although a storage artifact may also be present. This study indicates that homogenization results in significant changes in the concentration of PCBs in environmentally contaminated sediment interstitial waters. Consequences of these changes on inferences made based on toxicity tests or chemical analyses using homogenized sediments need to be considered and studied further.
Apophysomyces elegans as an agent of zygomycosis in a patient following trauma

Apophysomyces elegans was isolated from the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone of a patient who had fallen from a height of 55 feet. Broad, sparsely septate hyphae were present in the tissue. Surgical debridement of wounds and amphotericin B treatment were not sufficient in controlling rapid tissue necrosis. Ultimately, amputation of the two affected limbs was necessary.
The Treatment of Brain Ischemia With Vasopressor Drugs

Vasopressor drugs were administered to 13 patients soon after the development of focal brain ischemia even though there was no significant decrease in their blood pressure. The neurological function of five patients improved following an increase of their blood pressure to levels of 150 to 170/85 to 100 mm Hg. Focal brain dysfunction recurred whenever the blood pressure was allowed to fall to the initial level during the immediate postinsult period. Significant recovery was maintained in three of these five patients; neurological function in these three did not deteriorate when the blood pressure was allowed to fall to levels of 90/60, 100/70 and 120/80, respectively, after the immediate postischemic period. The critical blood pressure level required for improvement of brain function during the ischemic episode was not lowered by simultaneous treatment with low-molecular-weight dextran, hyperosmotic agents, dexamethasone and aminophylline in case 1 or by treatment with papaverine in case 3.
Olanzapine-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

OBJECTIVE:To report a possible case of olanzapine-induced rhabdomyolysis with concomitant lithium-induced pseudo-infarction electrocardiogram changes.CASE SUMMARY:A 13-year-old white boy was admitted to the hospital with profound weakness and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes suggestive of myocardial damage after starting olanzapine and lithium. An adverse medication effect was not considered at the time of the patient's admission. The time course of onset of weakness was coincident with administration of olanzapine. ECG abnormalities are a known manifestation of lithium therapy.DISCUSSION:This is a case description of olanzapine-induced rhabdomyolysis. Although other antipsychotic agents have been reported to cause rhabdomyolysis, an adverse drug reaction was not initially part of this patient's differential diagnosis. The patient had begun reporting myalgias six days after starting olanzapine. Fourteen days later, these symptoms forced him to bed rest; lithium was added for behavior misinterpreted as diso...
The prediction of human tumor radiosensitivity in situ: An approach using chromosome aberrations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Abstract No method of predicting the radiation sensitivity of individual human tumors is presently available, and recently published data show that other factors, in addition to the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells, may play a role in the in vivo response of human tumors. Since these factors likely involve the tumor milieu (e.g., cell-cell contact and tumor hypoxia), an in situ assay of radiosensitivity is required. Although an analysis based on chromosome damage is the only suitable assay that would fit the requirements of sensitivity and speed of analysis, conventional examination of chromosome damage is impractical. By allowing the visualization of chromosomes in interphase cells, the technique of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) overcomes the need to culture the tumor cells in vitro , but the technical problem remains of counting a small excess number of breaks over the often large pretreatment chromosome number. We demonstrate here that the combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with PCC enormously simplifies the problem by focusing the analysis on a single chromosome. It also allows exchange aberrations to be scored easily. We demonstrate that the FISH technology may also be used to estimate radiation sensitivity from stable reciprocal translocations in metaphase identified by combining whole chromosome painting with a second color hybridization to the repeat sequences common to the centromeres. Since the frequency of stable translocations should correlate with initial chromosome damage, and since these translocations are not preferentially lost from the irradiated tumor cell population by cell death, an estimate of tumor cell killing following l–5 dose fractions should be possible. Each of these two methods has its advantages, and a careful study of the two should establish which is superior for routine use to determine tumor radiosensitivity in situ .
Studying the Complicated Matter of What Works: Evidence-Based Research and the Problem of Practice.

The demand for evidence-based research (EBR) in education has evoked considerable debate regarding the nature of knowledge practitioners hold, how they come to know, and the sociopolitical contexts...
Stabilization of coiled-coil peptide domains by introduction of trifluoroleucine.

Substitution of leucine residues by 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine at the d-positions of the leucine zipper peptide GCN4-p1d increases the thermal stability of the coiled-coil structure. The midpoint thermal unfolding temperature of the fluorinated peptide is elevated by 13 °C at 30 μM peptide concentration. The modified peptide is more resistant to chaotropic denaturants, and the free energy of folding of the fluorinated peptide is 0.5−1.2 kcal/mol larger than that of the hydrogenated form. A similarly fluorinated form of the DNA-binding peptide GCN4-bZip binds to target DNA sequences with affinity and specificity identical to those of the hydrogenated form, while demonstrating enhanced thermal stability. Molecular dynamics simulation on the fluorinated GCN4-p1d peptide using the Surface Generalized Born implicit solvation model revealed that the coiled-coil binding energy is 55% more favorable upon fluorination. These results suggest that fluorination of hydrophobic substructures in peptides and proteins may provide new means of increasing protein stability, enhancing protein assembly, and strengthening receptor−ligand interactions.
Differences in glenohumeral joint morphology between patients with anterior shoulder instability and healthy, uninjured volunteers

Background Traumatic glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocations are common, resulting in significant shoulder disability and pain. Previous research indicates that bony morphology is associated with an increased risk of injury in other joints (eg, the knee), but the extent to which bony morphology is associated with traumatic GHJ dislocation is unknown. This study assessed GHJ morphology in patients with anterior GHJ instability and in a control population of healthy volunteers. Methods Bilateral computed tomography scans were used to measure GHJ morphology in both shoulders of 11 patients with instability and 11 control subjects. Specific outcome measures included the glenoid radius of curvature (ROC) in the anterior/posterior (A/P) and superior/inferior (S/I) directions, humeral head ROC, A/P and S/I conformity index, and A/P and S/I stability angle. Results Compared with the control subjects, the glenoid of the instability the injured shoulder in patients with instability was flatter (ie, higher ROC) in the A/P ( P = .001) and S/I ( P = .01) directions and this finding was also true for uninjured, contralateral shoulder (A/P: P = .01, S/I: P = .03). No differences in GHJ morphology were detected between the instability patients' injured and contralateral shoulders ( P > .07). Similarly, no differences in GHJ morphology were detected between the control subjects' dominant and nondominant shoulders ( P > .51). Conclusions There are significant differences in GHJ morphology between healthy control subjects and both shoulders (injured and uninjured, contralateral) of patients diagnosed with anterior instability after GHJ dislocation. These findings are important clinically because they suggest that glenoid morphology may influence the risk of GHJ dislocation.
Personalized medicine: something old, something new

‘Qohelet’, the author of the biblical book Ecclesiastes [1], was a kill-joy of the first degree. He, or perhaps (though unlikely) she, argued that basically all human activity was futile and repetitive, that ‘progress’ was an apparition, and all that mattered was what came after the welcome embrace of death. Hardly the first person that comes to mind for a quote in an editorial on personalized medicine. Yet there is something about Qohelet’s observation that we should take to heart before we trumpet the matins of a new medical revolution. In fact, when we step back from the attendant hype, it becomes clear that at least part of what is commonly called ‘personalized medicine’ is fundamentally ‘nothing new’. Rather, what seems to me to be the primary ‘newness’ of personalized medicine resides in the new language that is emerging. This new language attempts to give us the ability to speak more author itatively about the phenotype of disease based on our growing knowledge of biology. Furthermore, this new language is very much in its infancy, and the phrases and words that we manufacture to mean one thing today will inevitably change as the language is eventually codified by clinical practice. But at the level of clinical practice, personalized medicine is in fact nearly as old as recorded history.
A Sense of the Mysterious

L'A. decrit son cursus scientifique, ses passions pour les mathematiques et les phenomenes physiques dont il a cherche a elucider un certain nombres de mysteres, dont les proprietes des gaz a temperature elevee
The Mission-Driven Department: Benefits of Departmental Assessment

Over the last 10 years in the discipline of political science, there has been a flourishing discussion about the role of departmental assessment. Clearly, one fear has been that these external mandates are infringements on academic freedom at worst, and make extra work for faculty at best. In an early article published in PS: Political Science and Politics , a survey of political science departments discovered that frequently the response to assessment was one of ignorance and often animosity.
The impact of microRNA gene regulation on the survival and function of mature cell types in the eye

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple genes, often within the same pathway, fine-tuning expression of key factors and stabilizing gene networks against aberrant fluctuations. The demanding physiologic functions of photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigmented epithelium necessitate precise gene regulation to maintain their homeostasis and function, thus rendering these postmitotic cells vulnerable to premature death in retinal degenerative disorders. Recent studies of the physiologic impact of miRNAs in these cells clearly demonstrate that miRNAs are an essential component of that gene regulation. These important advances provide the foundation for future exploration of miRNA-regulated gene networks in the eye to facilitate the development of miRNA-targeted therapeutics to combat blinding diseases.
Structure of Full-Length Human PDGFRβ Bound to Its Activating Ligand PDGF-B as Determined by Negative-Stain Electron Microscopy.

Members of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate important cellular functions such as cell growth and migration, which are key steps in angiogenesis, in organ morphogenesis and in the unregulated states, cancer formation. One long-standing puzzle regarding RTKs centers on how the extracellular domain (ECD), which detects and binds to growth factors, is coupled with the intracellular domain kinase activation. While extensive structural works on the soluble portions of RTKs have provided critical insights into RTK structures and functions, lack of a full-length receptor structure has hindered a comprehensive overview of RTK activation. In this study, we successfully purified and determined a 27-A-resolution structure of PDGFRβ [a full-length human platelet-derived growth factor receptor], in complex with its ligand PDGF-B. In the ligand-stimulated complex, two PDGFRβs assemble into a dimer via an extensive interface essentially running along the full-length of the receptor, suggesting that the membrane-proximal region, the transmembrane helix and the kinase domain of PDGFRβ are involved in dimerization. Major structural differences are seen between the full-length and soluble ECD structures, rationalizing previous experimental data on how membrane-proximal domains modulate receptor ligand-binding affinity and dimerization efficiency. Also, in contrast to the 2-fold symmetry of the ECD, the intracellular kinase domains adopt an asymmetric dimer arrangement, in agreement with prior observations for the closely related KIT receptor. In essence, the structure provides a first glimpse into how platelet-derived growth factor receptor ECD, upon ligand stimulation, is coupled to its intracellular domain kinase activation.
Ubiquity, Ambiguity, and Metarationality: Searching for the Fallacy of Composition

In January 2015, on more than one occasion, the President of the United States, Barack Obama, made a proposal regarding higher education at community colleges. The idea was to enable everyone to attend for two years free of tuition charges, subject only to some requirements about good grades and progress toward graduation. The proposal was applauded by some, but criticized by others.
Regulatory, production, and consumer- based challenges of forage-based cattle production systems in the southeastern United States

abroad for US beef products is expected to bolster domestic cattle operations in the future. Therefore, stakeholders involved need to ensure that natural resources are used in a sustainable manner that allows rural communities to thrive long term. In this paper, we discuss some of the production, consumer-based, and regulatory challenges prevalent in the southeastern US and propose strategies aimed at increasing the sustainability of beef cattle operations.
Performance improvements to wavelength stabilized high power 885nm diode laser modules

There is an increasing demand for high power diode laser packages with stabilized wavelength in the range of 878 nm to 888 nm for DPSS laser pumping applications. In this paper we present nLIGHT’s most recent development of wavelength-stabilized high power, single emitter laser diode packages, elementTM , for DPSS laser pumps. We will report on how we have scaled single emitter power from 10 W per emitter with our prior generation of 200 μm wide and 3.8 mm long devices to 15 W per emitter for next generation of 5 mm cavity length device for 200 μm - 0.22 NA fiber products. The improvement in power at the chip-on-submount level results in approximately 40% increase in wavelength-stabilized power out of 200 μm fiber excited with a 0.19 NA beam, compared to the current generation elementTM products. Additionally, we will report on the improvements to wavelength-stabilization utilizing volume Bragg gratings, and chip-on-submount reliability for these new 885 nm devices, which drives the overall package reliability.
The Limits of Modernity: Andrea Lee’s Sarah Phillips

Two of the most common features of literary modernism are the radical rejection of history and the hostility between high art and mass culture. First, for a modem individual to experience the raw, unmediated present, he is required to reject the frozen structures of understanding inherited from the past. The rejection of history constitutes a revelation of time itself, for there is an epochal shift in the very meaning and modality of temporality, a qualitative break in our ideological style of living history (Eagleton 129). In the modem project, there is, what Irving Howe calls, a "bitter impatience with the whole apparatus of cognition and the limiting assumption of rationality" (17). A writer embued with the modernist spirit will be predisposed toward experiment, if only because he or she needs to make visibly dramatic the break from tradition. His or her theme will tend to emphasize temporality, the process of becoming, rather than being in space and time. An individual infused with the modem impulse wants emancipation from all traditional social roles and traditional modes of servitude be-