cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Wharton Agricultural Model: Structure, Specification, and Some Simulation Results

contribution to forecasting and policy formulation in agriculture. We are told of the various avenues by which improvement in agricultural forecasts can be made through the use of econometric models. A primary conclusion drawn by speakers at the 1976 AAEA annual meeting points to the need for a large-scale, integrated agricultural sector model for on-going and on-line use. The need for an improved forecasting system to encounter massive recent changes in agriculture was suggested by Fox (1973), who found us ill prepared in terms of data, models, and analytical procedures for the tasks of forecasting and policy formation. A study of several well-known macroeconometric mod-
Covalent crosslinking analysis of angiotensin receptors on differentiated NG108-15 cells.

Neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) were used as a model system to characterize neuronal-glial type angiotensin (ANG) receptors by covalent crosslinking analysis. After differentiation with 1.5% DMSO and 0.5% fetal bovine serum for four to five days, saturation analysis revealed a single high affinity site with a Kd = 1.35 ± 0.42 nM and a Bmax = 468 ± 106 fmol/mg protein. Using the homobifunctional crosslinking reagent bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3), a site with an estimated Mr of 78 kDa was specifically labeled with 125I-ANG II as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both ANG II and ANG III (10−6 M) inhibited specific labeling. The Ki for ANG III binding was similar by both pharmacologic (Ki = 3.33 ± 0.98 nM) and gel densitometric (Ki = 2.65 ± 0.32 nM) analyses. We conclude that the 78 kDa protein represents a high affinity ANG binding site with similar affinities for both ANG II and ANG III.
FSH in the Urine of Castrate Female Monkeys (Macaca mulatto

Urinary extracts of castrate female monkeys (Macaca mulatto) induce ovulation in immature rats and contain FSH. The amount of FSH, measured by the ovarian HCG augmentation method, ranged from 24.7 to 0.583 μg ofNIH-FSH-S3 activity per hourly equivalent excreted. Evidence is presented that an assay method employing HCG and rat uterine weight is not suitable for measuring gonadotrophins in monkey urine. (Endocrinology 83: 609, 1968)
On the Formation of Jupiter and Saturn

It is proposed that Jupiter and Saturn were initially formed as small rocks which grew into their present sizes as a result of accretion of matter from the gas-dust cloud surrounding the Sun. The energy released by the accretion of Jupiter and Saturn is computed. It is concluded that the ‘excess’ radiation from these planets is due to simple cooling and that the gravitational contraction from initially extended states most probably never occurred.
Counseling as a Critique of Gender: On the Ethics of Counseling Transgendered Clients

This paper examines the responsibilities of mental health professionals, particularly counselors, to those who identify or might be identifiable as “transgendered.” There are two main objectives. The first is to describe the critical reflection necessary to deal with gender-variant clients in an ethical and effective manner. The second is to discuss a psychotherapeutic model that is likely to be effective in integrating such reflection into the clinical process, and to make counseling recommendations on that basis.
Characterization of a phospholipase A2 in hamster lung and in vitro and in vivo effects of bleomycin on this enzyme.

Abstract Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity from adult hamster lung was characterized using L-α-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-[arachidonyl-1- 14 C]-phosphatidylcholine as the substrate. The released [ 14 C]-arachidonic acid was separated by TLC. The enzyme activity increased with increasing incubation time (0–120 minutes), calcium ion concentration (0–25.0 mM) and protein (0–2.0 mg). The optimum pH was 8.0. Deoxycholate had a concentration dependent (0.1 to 0.5 mM) inhibitory effect on the activity. PLA 2 specific activity was the highest in mitochondrial fraction. PLA 2 activity following incubation with bleomycin was increased in a dose related fashion. In vivo study showed that both PLA 2 activity and collagen content in hamster lung were significantly elevated at 14 days followed intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. The activation of PLA 2 may play an important role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity.
Has Laparoscopy Impacted the Indications for Adrenalectomy

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has assumed a greater role in the surgical management of tumors of the adrenal gland. Accompanying this evolution from open to minimally invasive surgery is the inevitable question of whether such change has impacted contemporary indications for adrenalectomy. We explore this question through a review of current laparoscopic adrenalectomy series in the context of established indications for surgical extirpation.
The (Surprising) stability of youth crime rates

Despite the profound demographic and socioeconomic changes characterizing family life in recent years, youth crime rates have remained more or less constant since 1971. This finding is of interest given the intense public concern regarding the welfare of children. It also serves as a convenient basis for projecting the future volume of youth crime.
The role of dislocations in carbide precipitation in α-iron

Abstract The precipitation of carbon in α-iron wires strained to different amounts was followed by means of internal friction measurements. As the amount of strain increased, the rate of precipitation became faster and the shapes of the time-transformation curves gradually changed, although no abrupt transitions in these curves were found. The results agreed with a theory for the diffusion-controlled growth of asymmetric particles, from which the number density of particles was computed. It was concluded that at 120°C the precipitation of carbon in undeformed and deformed α-iron occurs by the nucleation of carbide particles on dislocations and their subsequent growth by the diffusion of carbon. Segregation of carbon atoms to the dislocations by the Cottrell-Bilby process was therefore not the mechanism for draining the carbon from solution.
Ribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro

Abstract Synthesis of RNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages was analyzed by composite polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. Macrophages were pulse-labeled with 3H-uridine for I 4 , 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr, and the RNA extracted. Twenty-seven species of RNA were separated by electrophoresis. The pattern of RNA synthesis was similar to that in other mammalian cell types. Ribosomal RNA did not appear in significant amount until 1 hr after which it increased rapidly up to 8 hr. Species heavier than 28S conformed to the pattern observed for ribosomal precursors in other cells. The RNA in the region between 7 and 4S was rapidly labeled and accumulated up to 2 hr before declining. Species of RNA between 18 and 8S were turned over rapidly and did not accumulate. The macrophage RNA profile reached equilibrium at 8 hr.
Usefulness of Ictal and Interictal 99mTC Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients with Refractory Partial Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Ictal perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using HMPAO, has been shown to localize epileptic foci in ∼90% of studies. Unfortunately, HMPAO decomposes rapidly, precluding the performance of ictal studies. Ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) is a SPECT perfusion agent recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. After preparation, this compound is stable for ∼6 h. facilitating the performance of ictal studies. Methods: In a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled, non randomized study, we evaluated the potential benefits of the use of 99mTc-ECD SPECT for lateralization of the epileptic focus. Ten consecutive adult epilepsy surgery candidates were studied with ictal and interictal 99mTc-ECD SPECT. Results: The mean delay between seizure onset and ictal SPECT injection was 23.2 s. The mean seizure duration was 84.1 s. Ictal studies agreement between the epilepsy focus and area of hyperperfusion was evident in 8 of 10 cases. In one case, SPECT was lateralized in a patient with bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); however, hyperperfusion was observed on the same side of that particular seizure. In another case, there was location disagreement. Interictal SPECT showed focal hypoperfusion in three cases. Conclusions: 99mTc-ECD proved to be an optimal tracer for ictal studies. Although this is a small series, the results of ictal and interictal findings using 99mTc-ECD are similar to those reported with 99mTc-HMPA0. Because 99mTc-ECD has a longer decomposition time, true ictal studies are easier to obtain. This new tracer will probably allow the use of ictal SPECT to become widely accepted in most epilepsy centers.
Middle‐School Homework Management: More than just gender and family involvement

The article links student and family characteristics, along with homework characteristics and homework purposes, to homework management as reported by 194 middle‐school students in Grades 5–6. The results revealed that homework management was not related to grade level, amount of parental education, time spent on homework, or extrinsic reasons for doing homework. However, girls and students who received family help reported more frequently managing their homework. In addition, homework interest and whether homework was a favorite activity were positively related to the use of homework management strategies, above and beyond gender and family help. Furthermore, intrinsic reasons for doing homework accounted for an additional, significant percentage of the variance in homework management, with higher levels of intrinsic reasons being positively associated with more frequent use of homework management strategies.
Biochemical differences in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells measured by Raman and infrared spectroscopy

Both infrared and Raman spectroscopies have the potential to noninvasively estimate the biochemical composition of mammalian cells, although this cannot be unambiguously determined from analysis approaches such as peak assignment or multivariate classification methods. We have developed a fitting routine that determines biochemical composition using basis spectra for the major types of biochemicals found in mammalian cells (protein, DNA, RNA, lipid and glycogen), which is shown to be robust and reproducible. We measured both infrared and Raman spectra of viable suspensions of pairs of nontumorigenic and tumorigenic rat fibroblast cell lines. To model in vivo conditions, we compared nonproliferating, nontumorigenic cells to proliferating, tumorigenic cells. Reproducible differences in biochemical composition were found for both nontumorigenic/tumorigenic cell models, using both spectroscopic techniques. These included an increased fraction of protein and nucleic acids in the tumorigenic cells, with a corresponding decrease in lipid and glycogen fractions. Measurements of each cell type in both the proliferating and nonproliferating states showed that proliferative status was the major determinant of differences in vibrational spectra, rather than tumorigenicity per se. The smallness of the spectral changes associated with tumorgenicity may be due to the subtle nature of the oncogenic change in this system (a single mutant oncogene).
Comparison of linear and non-linear sweep rate regimes in variable frequency microwave technique for uniform heating in materials processing

Materials processing using microwave technology have numerous advantages compared to traditional materials processing techniques; however, conventional microwave processing technology suffers from variable product quality due to uneven processing or heating. The variable frequency microwave (VFM) technique is an emerging technology that overcomes the inherent difficulties of uneven heating experienced in conventional microwave facilities and was developed for the purpose of processing many of today's advanced materials including polymers, composites and fibre-reinforced materials and is a rapid and controlled approach to uniform heating. By sweeping through a bandwidth of frequencies, the VFM method creates multiple hot spots within the processing cavity that lead to time-averaged uniform heating. The current work focuses on the sweep-rate regime used in VFMs and the effect of varying this parameter. A “recipe” for a non-linear sweep-rate regime is introduced and compared with the current linear sweep regime and conventional fixed-frequency processing in terms of heating uniformity. Theoretical modelling of the linear and non-linear sweep regimes are presented and are experimentally verified by heat-mapping of a multimode cavity with the aid of thermally sensitive material to quantify improvements in the uniformity of heating.
Energy optimization of driving amplifiers for smart actuators

A high-efficiency driving amplifier with small profile for smart actuators is essential for portable actuator devices. In this paper, a detailed optimized design of half-bridge switching circuit to drive smart actuators is described. The mathematical optimization procedure is applied to the traditional circuit design to make the circuit smaller and more efficient. The objecitve function presented in this paper is to minimize the total weight of the circuit, including heat sink, inductor and bus capacitor. The calculation of the power dissipation of MOSFET is adopted as a critical step to get the suitable heat sink. The optimization results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Verwey-type transition within the Pb3Rh7−xMnxO15 solid solution

A complete solid solution was found between isostructural Pb{sub 3}Mn{sub 7}O{sub 15} and Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7}O{sub 15}. Single-crystals of two members of the solid solution Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7-x}Mn{sub x}O{sub 15} (x=1.07 and 2.26) were grown and their crystal structures were determined. The Verwey-type transition for Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7}O{sub 15} at 185 K remains with a 3% substitution of Mn for Rh but disappears with 4% substitution of Mn for Rh. The magnetic ordering temperature found for Pb{sub 3}Mn{sub 7}O{sub 15} at about 70 K is maintained at a 43% substitution of Rh for Mn but has disappeared for 57% substitution of Rh for Mn. The unit cell volume of this layered structure contracts with increasing x for Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7-x}Mn{sub x}O{sub 15} phases, but the structure actually expands in the direction perpendicular to the layers due to increased separation between the layers. - Graphical abstract: A complete solid solution is formed between isostructural Pb{sub 3}Mn{sub 7}O{sub 15} and Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7}O{sub 15}. The effect of Mn substitution for Rh on the previously discovered Verwey-type transition in Pb{sub 3}Rh{sub 7}O{sub 15} is described.
Numerical Simulation of the Formation and Propagation of Streamer

There has been considerable interest in non-thermal discharges over the past decade due to the increased number of industrial applications. The properties of discharges in electronegative gases are most frequently used for technological applications. For the improvement of performance in these applications, it is necessary to understand discharge dynamics experimentally and numerically. In this paper, a Monte Carlo simulation is carried out in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in uniform electric fields. The streamer propagation, electron, positive and negative ion distributions and space charge fields are studied in detail as time increases.
Interaction of U(1) cosmic strings: numerical intercommunication

The putative ability of cosmic strings to act as seeds for galaxies depends on the efficiency of a number of processes that produce an initial network of strings and then allow them to evolve to a population that can act as condensation centers. Here the classical field theory of the interaction of cosmic strings is studied. A limited survey of numerical evolutions has been carried out. Calculations have been carried out showing parallel string–string repulsion; string–antistring (i.e., antiparallel string) annihilation with initial velocity v=0 and v=0.75; string–string collision at right angles with v/c=0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 0.85, 0.9c, with v/c=0.75 at θ=π/4 and at θ=3π/4, and with v/c=0.9 at θ=7π/8; and string–string and string–antistring collisions with v/c=0.9 and v/c=0.95. Intercommutation occurs in all situations so far investigated except that string–antistring collision with v/c≳0.90 apparently leads to reemergence, i.e., no intercommutation. All simulations have a ‘‘sombrero’’ potential V (φ)=λ(‖φ‖2−σ2)2 and a gauge field coupling e. (The numerical results are obtained with λ=0.01, e=0.2, giving the gauge field a slightly longer scale length than that of the scalar field.)
Free shear turbulence intensity anisotropies and the energy cascade

Abstract An extended energy cascade theory is presented, which correctly predicts the Reynolds number dependence of centerline turbulence intensities in the self-preserving region of fully turbulent free shear flows, shown clearly by the experimental measurements. The model indicates that below Re = 10 6 too few stages exist to completely erase the cascade's “memory” of initial conditions.
Hematopoiesis and aging III: Anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to hemorrhage in aged mice.

Whether the hematocrit normally declines in the aged or whether such a decline represents inapparent disease in addition to aging is a matter of dispute. Female B6D2f1 mice were studied at ages 3, 13, or 27-28 months, and there was no difference in hematocrit between the younger groups. The hematocrit of 45 aged mice was slightly lower than that of 66 younger mice; mean 43% vs 49% (p less than .001). However, rather unexpectedly, the total red cell mass was not decreased in the aged; rather, the plasma volume was expanded. Survival of mature red blood cells did not differ significantly between young and aged mice. Mice were bled 0.4 ml from the orbital sinus for 4 days, reducing the hematocrit of all groups to a nadir of 20-25%. Recovery of hematocrit began more slowly in aged than in young mice. That this reflected a difference in erythropoiesis rather than a difference in plasma volume equilibration was suggested by studies with 59Fe. 59Fe was given following the second bleed, and 1 day later RBC 59Fe was more than twice as high in young mice than in groups of aged mice. Aged mice that did not appear healthy had been excluded. Aged mice were divided into a group with significant amounts of gray hair and/or patches of hair loss and two groups with normal-appearing hair; the latter was subdivided into those weighing less (25-26 g) or more (30-34 g) than most aged mice. Neither hair condition nor weight influenced hematocrit or response to bleeding. These results suggest, but do not prove, that a mild "dilutional" anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to hemorrhage may be an expected part of the murine aging process.
The Roles of Entropy and Kinetics in Structure Prediction

Background Here we continue our efforts to use methods developed in the folding mechanism community to both better understand and improve structure prediction. Our previous work demonstrated that Rosetta's coarse-grained potentials may actually impede accurate structure prediction at full-atom resolution. Based on this work we postulated that it may be time to work completely at full-atom resolution but that doing so may require more careful attention to the kinetics of convergence. Methodology/Principal Findings To explore the possibility of working entirely at full-atom resolution, we apply enhanced sampling algorithms and the free energy theory developed in the folding mechanism community to full-atom protein structure prediction with the prominent Rosetta package. We find that Rosetta's full-atom scoring function is indeed able to recognize diverse protein native states and that there is a strong correlation between score and Cα RMSD to the native state. However, we also show that there is a huge entropic barrier to folding under this potential and the kinetics of folding are extremely slow. We then exploit this new understanding to suggest ways to improve structure prediction. Conclusions/Significance Based on this work we hypothesize that structure prediction may be improved by taking a more physical approach, i.e. considering the nature of the model thermodynamics and kinetics which result from structure prediction simulations.
NEUTRON DIFFUSE SCATTERING IN LEAD-BASED RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE ULTRA-HIGH PIEZOELECTRICITY

A brief review is presented that summarizes recent neutron diffuse scattering measurements on single crystal PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) and PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3 (PZN) doped with PbTiO3 (PT). Emphasis is placed on results that suggest that the short-range, polar correlations observed in these systems are connected to the anomalous relaxor dielectric properties, and in particular to the large values of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 near the morphotropic phase boundary.
How effective is digitalis in the treatment of congestive heart failure

The evidence suggests that digitalis glycosides do indeed improve ventricular performance through a sustained but moderate positive inotropic effect. This effect is more marked in failing than in nonfailing myocardium. The clinical studies suggest a moderate salutary effect in patients with chronic CHF who are in sinus rhythm. The drug can be given safely to patients with CAD and in combination with other medications when the physician is aware of those factors leading to increased sensitivity to digitalis.
Human herpesvirus-6-associated acute lymphadenitis in immunocompetent adults

In contrast to other causes of herpetic lymphadenitis, the histological features associated with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection have remained elusive since its discovery in 1986. We describe the histologic and phenotypic changes associated with acute HHV-6 lymphadenitis in two immunocompetent adults who presented with fever, fatigue, generalized lymphadenopathy, and elevated liver enzymes. Serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus, acute Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus infection were negative. Lymph node biopsies were consistent with viral lymphadenitis. Intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions were identified in CD4-positive T lymphocytes in expanded paracortical areas. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to the HHV-6 gp60/110 kDa envelope glycoprotein showed that the inclusions were positive for viral antigen. Electron microscopy demonstrated numerous viral particles in the cytoplasm and nucleus, characteristic of Herpesviridae family. Clustering of viral particles was observed, which has previously been reported only in infected tissue culture cells. PCR followed by sequencing of DNA extracted from the lymph nodes identified the virus as HHV-6, type B. This is the first report that documents distinctive histologic features of HHV-6 lymphadenitis and demonstrates that the cells harboring the virus in vivo are CD4-positive T lymphocytes.
Donor induced vibrational effects in mercury(II) halide complexes and some metal(II) halide-1,4-dioxanate stability correlations

Abstract The mercury(II) halides (Cl, Br, I) show a variation in HgX stretching motions in 24 class (a) donor solvents that correlates with the pK a of the donor. In several solvents v 3 (HgCl) becomes weakly active in the Raman implying that slightly non-centrosymmetric units exist, but this behavior is not a function of the solvent basicity. The decomposition profile of a series of MX 2 ·ndioxane complexes were studied by TGA and the temperatures corresponding to the loss of dioxane follow the trend in the softness parameters of M 2+ .
Species richness of soil and leaf litter tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina/Tennessee, USA)

A large database now exists for tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) consisting of 780 samples, 15,618 specimens, and 80 species including 14 new to science. We found 43 species of tardigrades in 150 soil/leaf litter samples. We calculated the Chao 1 species richness estimate with the species accumulation curve for the GSMNP and confirmed that our species list is virtually complete. Compared with soil data from mt. Fuji, Japan, estimated species richness in GSMNP was significantly higher. In our comparison of previous studies of soil/leaf litter tardigrades in other geographic areas, only the Kanagawa prefecture of Japan reported a higher number of species (47) than the GSMNP. Species richness estimators are valuable tools for comparing diversity in different habitats, even when sampling effort varies between studies.
Effect of extra electrons on the exchange and magnetic anisotropy in the anionic single-molecule magnet Mn 12

To understand the effect of molecular environment on the electronic and magnetic properties of the single-molecule magnet ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$, we explore two possible means for adding extra electrons to molecule. We explore both substitution of Mn ions by Fe ions and the inclusion of neighboring electronic donors. For both possibilities we calculate, within density-functional theory, the electronic structure, the total ground-state spin and ordering, the magnetic anisotropy barrier, the transverse magnetic anisotropy parameter $E$ which is responsible for some measured tunneling, and the tilting angle of the easy axis from the $z$ axis. Our calculations show that the total spin increases with increasing number of extra electrons except for the case of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{8}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$ where the resulting ground state has a low spin. The calculated energy gaps between the unoccupied and the occupied orbitals exhibit no clear trend as a function of number of extra electrons. The calculated magnetic anisotropy barrier decreases with an increasing number of extra electrons and can be directly traced to a quenching of Jahn-Teller distortions at the sites where the additional electrons are localized. The values of $E$ and the easy-axis tilting angles for the geometries with one- and two-extra electrons are significantly larger than those induced by solvent disorder.
Quantification of breast arterial calcification using full field digital mammography

Breast arterial calcification is commonly detected on some mammograms. Previous studies indicate that breast arterial calcification is evidence of general atherosclerotic vascular disease and it may be a useful marker of coronary artery disease. It can potentially be a useful tool for assessment of coronary artery disease in women since mammography is widely used as a screening tool for early detection of breast cancer. However, there are currently no available techniques for quantification of calcium mass using mammography. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is possible to quantify breast arterial calcium mass using standard digital mammography. An anthropomorphic breast phantom along with a vessel calcification phantom was imaged using a full field digital mammography system. Densitometry was used to quantify calcium mass. A calcium calibration measurement was performed at each phantom thickness and beam energy. The known (K) and measured (M) calcium mass on 5 and 9 cm thickness phantoms were related by M=0.964K -0.288 mg (r=0.997 and SEE=0.878 mg) and M=1.004K+0.324 mg (r=0.994 and SEE = 1.32 mg), respectively. The results indicate that accurate calcium mass measurements can be made without correction for scatter glare as long as careful calcium calibration is made for each breast thickness. The results also indicate that composition variations and differences of approximately 1 cm between calibration phantom and breast thickness introduce only minimal error in calcium measurement. The uncertainty in magnification is expected to cause up to 5% and 15% error in calcium mass for 5 and 9 cm breast thicknesses, respectively. In conclusion, a densitometry technique for quantification of breast arterial calcium mass was validated using standard full field digital mammography. The results demonstrated the feasibility and potential utility of the densitometry technique for accurate quantification of breast arterial calcium mass using standard digital mammography.
Diversity of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Usage in the Human Immune Response to Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide

ABSTRACT: The response to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib PS) has been used to determine the molecular basis of antibody gene diversity in humans. In contrast to the relatively restricted nature of anti-Hib PS heavy-chain variable region gene expression, a variety of light-chain variable region genes may encode this antibody (Ab) response. Light-chain variable region gene usage appears to determine the expression of certain Ab idiotypes and fine antigen specificity. To further define the role of light-chain variable region gene usage in important anti-Hib PS Ab subgroups, we have cloned and sequenced a number of immunoglobulin light-chain variable region genes (IgVL) from human monoclonal IgA anti-Hib PS Ab generated in response to Hib PS-protein conjugate vaccines. Three of these Ab are encoded by unusual variable segments. One κ-Ab is encoded by the “predominant” VkII A2 germline gene but, in contrast to a previously reported A2-encoded IgVL sequence, differs from the A2 germline sequence. The IgVL sequence of a second Ab is the only sequence of a κ-Ab that cross-reacts with the structurally related antigen Escherichia coli K100 polysaccharide reported to date. This IgVL is encoded by a VkIII-segment most closely homologous to the Humhv328/L16 germline gene, whereas previous reports suggested VkIII-encoded anti-Hib PS Ab might be exclusively encoded by the germline gene Humhv325/A27. A λ-Ab, also cross-reactive with K100 polysaccharide, is encoded by a V$$III family member, in contrast to our previous report of four λ-Ab with similar antigen specificity that appeared to be encoded by a single VλVII-gene family member. Each of the three Ab reported here contain an arginine codon at the VJ joint, indicating an important role in antigen binding. Our data indicate, in marked contrast to the restricted nature of the heavy-chain anti-Hib PS repertoire, a much greater diversity in light-chain variable gene segment usage.
Correct Classification, False Positives, and False Negatives in Predicting Completion of the Ph.d. from GRE Scores

Combined Verbal and Quantitative GRE scores were obtained from the records of 24 former students of a master's degree program (from a total of 128 students) who had successfully completed a doctora...
Accuracy of the IOS approximation for highly inelastic R-T collisional energy transfer

Abstract Rate constants for rotational excitation of CO by collisions with Ar atoms have been computed within the infinite order sudden (IOS) approximation and compared with values from exact classical trajectories. For CO-Ar, as for COHe, accurate values for R (O → j ) - at least for small and intermediate j - may be obtained by taking the geometric average of rates computed assuming the IOS energy is the initial energy for upward O → j transitions and the initial energy for downward j → O transitions. however, especially for higher j , it appears preferable to interpret the IOS energy as the final kinetic energy. The best overall results are probably obtained by averaging rates computed assuming the IOS energy is the final energy for upward transitions and the final enery for downward transitions.
A qualitative study of the interface between different dental amalgams and retentive pins.

Abstract The interface adaption of three different amalgams to three different retentive pins was studied. Spherical alloy and a combination of spherical and conventional alloy particles exhibited superior adaption to all three pins than either the conventional pellet form or the premeasured conventional alloy. A simplified approach for studying the interface adaption of these alloys to the pins was also presented.
Differential validity by sex in employment settings

The current study meta-analyzes 59 male-female pairs of validity coefficients obtained during revalidation of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) for evidence of differential validity by sex. Results suggest that general cognitive ability may be slightly more predictive of rated job performance for women than for men in our sample of studies. Moderator analyses examined the effects of occupational sex-dominance and cognitive complexity. Results of these analyses indicate that, in single sex-dominated occupations, tests of general cognitive ability and perceptual ability are more valid for members of the dominant sex, and these differences are more apparent at low-complexity levels. Explanations for the findings are offered in terms of properties of the ratings criterion.
Role of noradrenergic hyperactivity in neonatal opiate abstinence.

Despite the existence of a well-defined abstinence syndrome in offspring of opiate-dependent mothers, the mechanisms involved in neonatal abstinence remain unclear. The goal of the present study was to determine the contribution of noradrenergic neurons in the opiate abstinence syndrome in neonatal rats (10 days old). First, the ability of the α2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine to attenuate the symptoms of neonatal opiate abstinence precipitated by naloxone was determined. Secondly, the activity of noradrenergic neurons was determined by measuring postmortem levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and cortex in opiate-abstinent pups. Neonatal opiate abstinence was characterized by an increased incidence of wall climbing, tremors and mouthing. Acute treatment with morphine and naloxone in chronic saline-treated pups also produced the tremor, albeit less severe than in pups treated chronically with morphine. Clonidine (0.2 mg/kg) attenuated the expression of tremor and mouthing in neonates, but increased wall climbing. Clonidine elicited wall climbing in opiate-naive neonates. Treatment with morphine followed by naltrexone increased MHPG levels in all of the brain areas examined, irrespective of the chronic treatment, but naltrexone treatment elicited a larger increase in MHPG levels in pups treated chronically with morphine. Acute morphine treatment increased MHPG levels only in the hypothalamus. The results of the present study provide behavioral and neurochemical data supporting the hypothesis that noradrenergic hyperactivity plays a role in neonatal opiate abstinence.
A novel intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 induced by oxidative stress activates innate immunity.

Background Experimental and clinical evidence has pinpointed a critical role for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in ischemic ventricular remodeling and systolic heart failure. Prior studies have demonstrated that transgenic expression of the full-length, 68 kDa, secreted form of MMP-2 induces severe systolic failure. These mice also had unexpected and severe mitochondrial structural abnormalities and dysfunction. We hypothesized that an additional intracellular isoform of MMP-2, which affects mitochondrial function is induced under conditions of systolic failure-associated oxidative stress.
Dual-comb metrology for semiconductor optical frequency comb characterization

Spectrally efficient dual-comb detection is utilized for self-referenced measurements of spectral phase of three distinct semiconductor frequency combs. The higher-order phase is quantified for each, elucidating the dispersive properties of the gain and fiberized cavities.
Experimental Study of Asymptotic Modal Analysis Applied to a Rectangular Plate With Concentrated Masses

Abstract Asymptotic Modal Analysis (AMA) has been developed to predict the response of structures which vibrate with a large number of modes. A combined experimental and analytical approach was used to test this theory for a plate carrying concentrated masses. A thin aluminum plate both with and without point masses was excited acoustically with white noise using various center frequencies and bandwidths, and the response was measured at several points on the plate. The experimental results demonstrated that the response at all points on the plate was essentially the same. It was also shown that the response of a single concentrated mass was different from that of the plate to which it is attached. In addition, it was shown that when two point masses are used, the mass response is dependent on the relative separation between the masses and the plate modal wavelength. All experimental results were found to confirm the predictions of AMA theory.
Electronic Structure of 1 to 2 nm Diameter Silicon Core/Shell Nanocrystals: Surface Chemistry, Optical Spectra, Charge Transfer, and Doping

Static and time-dependent density functional calculations, geometrically optimized and including all electrons, are described for silicon nanocrystals as large as Si(87)H(76), which contains 163 atoms. We explore and predict the effect that different sp(3) passivation schemes-F or H termination, thin oxide shell, or alkane termination-have on the HOMO and LUMO, on the optical spectra, and on electron transfer properties. Electronegativity comparisons are a useful guide in understanding the observed deviation from the simple quantum size effect model. Nanocrystals containing Al or P impurity atoms, either on the surface or in the interior, are explored to understand electrical doping in strongly quantum-confined nanocrystals. Surface dangling bonds are found to participate in internal charge transfer with P atom dopant electrons.
Directed collagen patterning on gold-coated silicon substrates via micro-contact printing

Abstract The ability to create biologically functional systems from non-biological materials has importance in the arena of tissue engineering and medical device implantation. Directing the immobilization of proteins to specified regions on a substrate has attracted a lot of attention as one potential approach. Functionalization of the surface of gold-coated silicon wafers was accomplished by micro-contact printing a hydrophilic (or hydrophobic) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) atop the gold coating using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps. Afterwards, the substrate was soaked in a solution of hydrophobic (or hydrophilic) surfactant molecules which filled in the un-stamped area. The intention was to use carbodiimide coupling to attach fluorescently labeled collagen to COOH-terminated (hydrophilic) regions of the substrate. However, even in the presence of the reagents for this reaction, the collagen preferred to assemble on the hydrophobic regions. The results suggest that micro-contact printing may provide a simple mechanism for patterning collagen onto surfaces simply using selective adsorption. This might be useful for examining directed cell interactions, or to enhance the biocompatibility of inorganic materials used as substrates in tissue engineering or devices that are to be implanted into the body.
Assessing the degree of partial oxidation in one-dimensional conducting iodides

The combination of resonance Raman and 129I Mossbauer spectroscopy is an attractive tool for studying electron distribution in iodine-oxidised mixed-valence materials.
Differential phase technique with the Keck interferometer

We present the motivation and development of the novel `differential phase' technique being developed for the Keck Interferometer with the goal of detecting faint companions near a bright source. The differential phase technique uses simultaneous phase measurements at several infrared wavelengths to detect the astrophysical signature produced by a chromatic, asymmetric brightness distribution. We discuss the origin of the differential phase signature and present results of test observations taken at the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. One important test result is the larger than expected effect of water vapor turbulence on these multi-wavelength observations due to the infrared dispersion of water. In order to reach the design goal of 0.1 milliradians, the phase noise caused by both temperature and water vapor fluctuations in the atmosphere must be corrected, and we discuss several ways to achieve this.
At what levels of total low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol should diet/drug therapy be initiated? United States guidelines

Abstract Guidelines for the detection, evaluation and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults have been established in the United States. These guidelines recommend that total cholesterol levels be used for screening purposes. Total cholesterol levels >240 mg/dl are considered “high,” those from 200 to 239 mg/dl “borderline,” and those 130 mg/dl are candidates for active diet therapy. Those whose LDL cholesterol levels are 160 to 190 mg/dl after 3 to 6 months of diet therapy are candidates for drug therapy. A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level
A review of behavioral and biological correlates of sensation seeking

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of studies related to sensation seeking. A description of sensation seeking and methodology to measure various preferences for sensation seeking is identified. In addition, the relation of sensation seeking with other personality factors is also examined. Various behavioral expressions of sensation seeking in the domains of vocational choices, habits, hobbies, risk perception, and risk appraisal are explored. Furthermore, biological characteristics related to sensation seeking are highlighted. Lastly, areas for future research are suggested, especially the investigation of non-risky forms of sensation seeking in young adults.
Acetonitrile‐phosphate buffer system under gradient condition

Abstract Purity of high performance liquid chromatographic solvents was investigated under buffered conditions, Phosphate buffer was used in this analysis because it suits a wide pH range, The buffered mobile phase had a higher absorbance than either acetonitrile or water solvent, therefore, the liquid chromatographic separation had a tremendous negative drift when the composition of solvent changes in a gradient system from 100% buffer to 100% acetonitrile, the less absorbed acetonitrile solvent gives the larger negative drift, This makes the analysis extremely difficult to control the baseline and depends on the absorbance of the organic solvent in addition to the difference in the mobile phase absorbance, the trace impurities in acetonitrile solvent serve as interferences, Different lots of acetonitrile from different venders were used to provide different levels of impurity interferences in this investigation.
Company Men: Tracing Learning from Divergent Teacher Education Pathways into Practice in Middle Grades Classrooms

In this comparative, longitudinal case study, the author investigates the two different pathways that have been most strongly advocated for certifying middle school social studies teachers: the spe...
Becoming an internationalist: reflections on the international activities of Estelle Brodman.

OBJECTIVE The international consulting and publishing activities of Estelle Brodman, PhD, are placed in the context of Medical Library Association (MLA) international activities. DESCRIPTION Through multiple consulting engagements in Asia, Dr. Brodman developed an extensive knowledge of the practice and history of health sciences librarianship in countries she visited. International activities in the form of publications, consulting visits, and international meetings occurred sporadically in a career that spanned over forty years and are examined in the context of the international activities of MLA. METHOD Selected publications and Dr. Brodman's oral history transcript were reviewed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Dr. Brodman was a keen observer of the international practice of health sciences librarianship and used her considerable skills in writing and historical research to capture the essence of the cultures she visited. Reports and journal articles form a solid record of scholarship and were complementary to MLA international activities occurring during her career. She approached her assignments with empathy, candor, and respect for the cultures she visited.
Fibronectin: a molecule with remarkable structural and functional diversity

Fibronectin is a large, extracellular glycoprotein that binds to a variety of macromolecules including fibrin, collagen, cell surfaces, and glycosaminoglycans. Proteases cleave fibronectin into fragments which have one or more of these binding activities contained in molecular domains. The proteolytic fragments and monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains have revealed the sequential ordering of the active sites in the molecule.
Inpatient-outpatient transitions for patients with resident primary care physicians: access and readmission.

Abstract Background Transition from hospitalization to postdischarge care is a vulnerable period for patients. How the experience of this transition differs for patients with resident primary care physicians is unknown. Methods In a single, large academic primary care practice, we examined an inception cohort of consecutive hospitalizations and postdischarge visits of hospitalized patients with resident or faculty primary care physicians between 2008 and 2013. We compared patient demographics, readmission risk, and access to outpatient care between resident and faculty primary care physicians by using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated hospitalizations. Results We documented 8161 hospitalizations among patients with resident primary care physicians and 20,844 hospitalizations among patients with faculty primary care physicians. Hospitalized patients with resident primary care physicians were generally younger, more likely to be on Medicaid, and more likely to be African American ( P Conclusions Hospitalized patients with resident primary care physicians had lower rates of timely postdischarge follow-up, higher rates of readmission, and a lower likelihood of seeing their own provider than did patients with faculty primary care physicians. These findings highlight the challenges facing academic centers for patients with resident primary care physicians.
Interaction between the posterior pituitary and LHRH in the control of LH secretion

Abstract We have recently reported that the posterior lobe of the pituitary differentially inhibits the secretion of prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH), but not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) throughout the estrous cycle. Removal of the posterior pituitary (posterior pituitary lobectomy) results in elevations of plasma LH on all days of the cycle except on diestrus-day-2. In the present study we examined: 1. whether the control of LH release involves an interaction between the posterior pituitary and hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and 2. whether the elevation of LH seen following posterior lobectomy is due to the removal of a posterior pituitary substance(s) which alters anterior pituitary sensitivity to LHRH. In order to block the action of hypothalamic LHRH, a potent LHRH inhibitory analog (50 μg) was injected SC two hours prior to removal of the posterior pituitary in estrous rats. Administration of the inhibitory analog completely eliminated the elevation of plasma LH seen following posterior lobectomy, but did not alter the posterior lobectomy-induced rise of plasma PRL, or plasma FSH concentrations. In order to test whether anterior pituitary sensitivity to LHRH is altered by posterior lobectomy, a moderate dose of LHRH (15 ng) was administered to both posterior lobectomized and sham lobectomized estrous rats. The time-course and magnitude of the LH response to LHRH was similar in both groups. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that LH secretion is controlled by an interaction between hypothalamic LHRH and the posterior lobe of the pituitary, but this interaction does not appear to involve lobectomy-induced changes in anterior pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. It remains to be determined whether the posterior pituitary contains a substance(s) which is capable of altering hypothalamic release of LHRH.