cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Supreme Court's New Workplace: Procedural Rulings and Substantive Worker Rights in the United States

The US Supreme Court has systematically eroded the rights of minority workers through subtle changes in procedural law. This accessible book identifies and describes how the Supreme Court's new procedural requirements create legal obstacles for civil-rights litigants, thereby undermining their substantive rights. Seiner takes the next step of providing a framework that practitioners can use to navigate these murky waters, allowing workers a better chance of prevailing with their claims. Seiner clearly illustrates how to effectively use his framework, applying the proposed model to one emerging sector - the on-demand industry. Many minority workers now face pervasive discrimination in an uncertain legal environment. This book will serve as a roadmap for successful workplace litigation and a valuable resource for civil-rights research. It will also spark a debate among scholars, lawyers, and others in the legal community over the use of procedure to alter substantive worker rights.
Why is Aged Acetylcholinesterase So Difficult to Reactivate

Organophosphorus agents are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition involves successive chemical events. The first is phosphylation of the active site serine to produce a neutral adduct, which is a close structural analog of the acylation transition state. This adduct is unreactive toward spontaneous hydrolysis, but in many cases can be reactivated by nucleophilic medicinal agents, such as oximes. However, the initial phosphylation reaction may be followed by a dealkylation reaction of the incipient adduct. This reaction is called aging and produces an anionic phosphyl adduct with acetylcholinesterase that is refractory to reactivation. This review considers why the anionic aged adduct is unreactive toward nucleophiles. An alternate approach is to realkylate the aged adduct, which would render the adduct reactivatable with oxime nucleophiles. However, this approach confronts a considerable-and perhaps intractable-challenge: the aged adduct is a close analog of the deacylation transition state. Consequently, the evolutionary mechanisms that have led to transition state stabilization in acetylcholinesterase catalysis are discussed herein, as are the challenges that they present to reactivation of aged acetylcholinesterase.
Slycat Ensemble Analysis of Electrical Circuit Simulations

An ensemble is a group of related simulation runs, each consisting of the same set of variables, in a shared high-dimensional space describing a particular problem domain. Ensemble analysis looks at the combined behaviors and features of the simulations to discover higher-level patterns that describe aspects of the underlying problem space. Sensitivity analysis is a type of ensemble analysis that evaluates how changes in simulation input parameters correlate with simulation results. Commonly, simple regression and multiple regression techniques are used to correlate single inputs to single outputs, or groups of inputs to a single output, respectively. However, neither of these approaches evaluates the collective relationships among multiple inputs and outputs. Existing visualization tools are fundamentally designed to view no more than a few simulations in combination. Ensembles containing hundreds or thousands of simulations require a different type of analysis, different visual abstractions, and a different system architecture to effectively manage integrating so many results. We present Slycat, a scalable, collaborative, remote analysis and visualization system designed for ensemble analysis. Slycat uses Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to model relationships between input and output variables, providing a generalized correlation capability that analyzes any variable subsets from the two variable groups. Using linked views, we provide multiple representations of the CCA results for an ensemble, each showing the results at a different level of abstraction. The tight integration of analysis and visualization allows analysts to iteratively explore their data, forming and testing hypotheses about how simulation input parameters are driving output results in their ensembles. We provide two real-life examples using electrical circuit simulation ensembles of differing scales to demonstrate Slycat’s utility in answering common analysis questions. Slycat is available under an open source license through github.
Neurobiology and Evidence-Based Review on Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)

Treatment refractory depression (TRD) causes more burden although newer antidepressants have been introduced in last decades. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the novel treatment approaches based upon new neurobiological models and review the evidence-based treatments. Special consideration will be given to the inflammation hypothesis, ketamine, ECT, and deep brain stimulation.
Fatal work‐related falls in the United States, 2003‐2014

Background Falls are the second leading cause of work-related fatalities among US workers. We describe fatal work-related falls from 2003 to 2014, including demographic, work, and injury event characteristics, and changes in rates over time. Methods We identified fatal falls from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and estimated rates using the BLS Current Population Survey. Results From 2003 to 2014, there were 8880 fatal work-related falls, at an annual rate of 5.5 per million FTE. Rates increased with age. Occupations with the highest rates included construction/extraction (42.2 per million FTE) and installation/maintenance/repair (12.5 per million FTE). Falls to a lower level represented the majority (n = 7521, 85%) compared to falls on the same level (n = 1128, 13%). Conclusions Falls are a persistent source of work-related fatalities. Fall prevention should continue to focus on regulation adherence, Prevention through Design, improving fall protection, training, fostering partnerships, and increasing communication.
Synapse-specific and compartmentalized expression of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation

Everything we think and do is the result of communication between neurons. This communication takes place at junctions called synapses. When two nerve cells or neurons communicate at a synapse, the output terminal of the first cell releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter. This binds to receiver proteins, or receptors, on the second cell. When this communication is interrupted, synapses can adapt to maintain a stable dialogue between them. This can occur in two ways. Either the first neuron starts to release more neurotransmitter from its output terminal, or the second neuron produces extra receptors with which to detect the neurotransmitter. But how specific are these changes? The brain contains far more synapses than neurons because each neuron can form synapses with many other cells. Can a neuron adjust how much of the neurotransmitter it releases at some of its synapses while leaving the others unchanged? Li et al. have now addressed this question by studying a special type of synapse that forms between neurons and muscles, known as a neuromuscular junction. At one particular neuromuscular junction in fruit flies, a single neuron splits into two output terminals, each of which forms a synapse with a different muscle. Li et al. show that when the number of neurotransmitter receptors in one of the muscles is artificially reduced, the associated output terminal compensates by increasing its neurotransmitter release. By contrast, the other output terminal remains unaffected. This suggests that a neuron can induce remarkably specific changes in a subset of its synapses. This discovery paves the way towards identifying the smallest possible unit of change that can occur in the neurons’ ability to communicate. This unit may in turn be the smallest change that can support learning. Such knowledge will help us understand how the nervous system processes and stabilizes information transfer, both in health and after injury or disease.
Paper miniaturization via periodate oxidation of cellulose

Cellulose-based paper is a versatile material with a diverse array of applications. While paper is not commonly thought of as a material that shrinks, here we present a method for miniaturizing paper via periodate oxidation. Chromatography paper was exposed to varying concentrations of periodate (0.1–0.5 M) over a 96-h period. Following optimization of miniaturization parameters, fourteen different types of paper were miniaturized and reductions in surface area ranging from 60 to 80% were observed. All cellulose paper types, but not cellulose-derivatives, displayed successful miniaturization. Results were highly tunable dependent upon periodate concentration and reaction time. Potential applications of the technique are discussed, including its use as a microfabrication method.
Generation of Elastic Waves by Electromagnetic Induction

Photoacoustics in solids provides a useful technique for both characterization of material properties and the detection of defects. In photoacoustics, a periodic thermal source is used to generate an elastic wave. Typically the thermal source is a laser or charged particle beam, however other sources are currently being investigated. A need for other sources is required for objects which have reflective surfaces or are too large to fit into a vacuum chamber, such as large metallic structures.
BAT: Backscatter Anything-to-Tag Communication

Computational RFID prototypes are limited by networking abstractions that impose narrow preconceptions about topologies and applications. These prototypes support programmability and integrate a wide array of sensors, which open the door to more varied applications. Implementing these on constrained platforms will need primitives that seamlessly support communication among tags and also with other devices. While overlays on top of existing protocols are possible, they introduce in ef?ciency because of packet formats designed explicitly for the tag inventory paradigm. This paper presents BAT, a networked system designed from the ground up to enable non-supply-chain RFID applications while carefully considering the unique constraints under which these platforms operate.
Reactivation of RNA metabolism underlies somatic restoration after adult reproductive diapause in C. elegans

The mechanisms underlying biological aging are becoming recognized as therapeutic targets to delay the onset of multiple age-related morbidities. Even greater health benefits can potentially be achieved by halting or reversing age-associated changes. C. elegans restore their tissues and normal longevity upon exit from prolonged adult reproductive diapause, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we focused on the mechanisms controlling recovery from adult diapause. Here, we show that functional improvement of post-mitotic somatic tissues does not require germline signaling, germline stem cells, or replication of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Instead a large expansion of the somatic RNA pool is necessary for restoration of youthful function and longevity. Treating animals with the drug 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine prevents this restoration by blocking reactivation of RNA metabolism. These observations define a critical early step during exit from adult reproductive diapause that is required for somatic rejuvenation of an adult metazoan animal.
An evaluation of the consistency of extremes in gridded precipitation data sets

Noting a strong imperative to understand precipitation extremes, and that considerable uncertainty affects observational data sets, this paper compares the representation of extremes in a number of widely used daily gridded products, derived from rain gauge data, satellite retrieval and reanalysis for the conterminous United States. Analysis is based upon the concept of “tail dependence” arising in multivariate extreme value theory, and we infer the level of temporal dependence in the joint tail of the precipitation probability distribution for pairwise comparisons of products. In this way, we consider the range of products more like an ensemble and examine the relationships between members, and do not attempt to define, or compare products to, some ground truth. Linear correlation between products is also computed. Considerable discrepancy between groups of products, both annually and seasonally, is linked to source data and complex terrain. In particular, products based on rain gauge data showed remarkable similarity, but differed considerably, showing almost total loss of extremal dependence during DJF in mountainous regions, when compared with satellite products. Additionally, simulated re-forecasts revealed reasonable temporal agreement with large scale generated extremes. The diversity and extent of discrepancies identified across all products raises important questions about their use, and we urge caution, particularly for products derived from satellite data.
Molecular and crystal structure of a μ2-[TCNE]2- complex : [(Ph3P)2(OC)Ir]2[TCNE]

The structure of [Ir(CO)(PPh[sub 3])[sub 2]][sub 2][TCNE][center dot]MeCN has been determined and confirms that [mu][sub 2]-[TCNE][sup 2[minus]] is N-bound to a pair of Ir[sup I]'s. The 1.478-[Angstrom] central C-C bond is comparable to the separation of 1.49 [Angstrom] observed for the free [TCNE][sup 2[minus]] ion while the 67.2[degrees] dihedral angle is characteristic of the free rotation along the center C-C bond. The [nu][sub C[triple bond]N] vibrational spectra have absorptions at 2176 m and 2097 vs cm[sup [minus]1] which are blue-shifted by 72 and 28 cm[sup [minus]1], respectively, from that reported for the isolated [TCNE][sup 2[minus]]. 13 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
A finite element-based adaptive energy response function method for 2D curvilinear progressive fracture

Abstract An adaptive arbitrary-order curvilinear progressive 2D crack growth algorithm is presented. The method is automated such that the full crack path from inception to failure is computed with multiple finite element analyses. During each simulation step, a hypercomplex finite element method (ZFEM) program computes arbitrary order derivatives of strain energy with respect to self-similar and perpendicular crack extensions. These derivatives are used to construct a family of surrogate models as trial functions, each of which is a Taylor series function of strain energy versus crack growth direction. An adaptive algorithm automatically selects the trial function that most accurately models the existing crack path to extrapolate a forward progressing curvilinear crack path. The length of each crack growth increment is limited to maintain the advancing path and its consequential strain energy increase within desired tolerances. Numerical examples up to sixth order are presented and compared against experiments. The high-order simulations complete the crack growth analysis with fewer, longer progressive fracture steps than traditional first-order simulations of similar accuracy.
Real-world electronic health record identifies antimalarial underprescribing in patients with lupus nephritis.

Antimalarials (AMs) reduce disease activity and improve survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but studies have reported low AM prescribing frequencies. Using a real-world el...
Chaos-based Berry phase detector

The geometric or Berry phase, a characteristic of quasiparticles, is fundamental to the underlying quantum materials. The discoveries of new materials at a rapid pace nowadays call for efficient detection of the Berry phase. Utilizing the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{3}$ lattice as a paradigm, we find that, in the Dirac electron optics regime, the semiclassical decay of the quasiparticles from a chaotic cavity can be effectively exploited for detecting the Berry phase. In particular, we demonstrate a one-to-one correspondence between the exponential decay rate and the geometric phase for the entire family of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{3}$ materials. This chaos-based detection scheme represents an experimentally feasible way to assess the Berry phase and to distinguish the quasiparticles.
The Impact of Simulation on Knowledge and Performance Gain Regarding Diabetic Patient Care

Abstract Background It is essential that nurses be prepared to provide quality care for patients with diabetes, a common condition today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a high-fidelity simulation on traditional prelicensure nursing students' knowledge and performance related to care of the diabetic patient. Methods This multisite, multimeasure study used a purposive, quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design. Results Simulation positively impacted performance change scores. Pretest scores were positively associated with simulation scores and posttest scores. Conclusions The findings from this study support the use of high-fidelity simulation to improve care of the diabetic patient.
Demographic and sexual risk predictors of delay discounting of condom-protected sex

AbstractObjective: Sexual delay discounting describes the decreased likelihood of condom-protected sex if a condom is not immediately available, which can be quantitatively summarised using the Sex...
Mitigation of impact applied to payload via origami-based mechanical metamaterials (Conference Presentation)

We investigate the impact behavior of the Triangulated Cylindrical Origami (TCO) architecture to determine if it can effectively protect a payload dropped from a height. The TCO architecture inherently exhibits coupled longitudinal and rotational motions. TCO is highly tunable and can offer monostable or bistable characteristics based on its initial geometric configurations such as the height and rotational angle. When monostable TCO unit cells are combined in a chain, they can exhibit interesting rarefaction behavior under impact. Specifically, if one end of the chain is impacted, the initial compressive wave can be overtaken by a tensile wave, such that the other end of the chain can feel tension instead of compression in a counter-intuitive manner. In this study, we begin by designing monostable TCO unit cells that are numerically shown to exhibit rarefaction behavior when constructed in chains. Then, we fabricate plastic TCO unit cell prototypes and apply static compression to these prototypes to verify their monostability and to determine their mechanical properties. These unit cells are then organized in a chain of multiple unit cells that are connected mechanically. The chain is then tested dynamically by dropping it using a custom-made drop tower apparatus. We measure the impact felt by the TCO system by using accelerometers and digital image correlation systems. We find that this origami-based system offers a tunable way to mitigate impact applied to the proof mass, showing great potential as a novel payload impact mitigation system for space applications.
Sex-specific alterations in whole body energetics and voluntary activity in heterozygous R163C malignant hyperthermia-susceptible mice.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is characterized by induction of skeletal muscle hyperthermia in response to a dysregulated increase in myoplasmic calcium. Although altered energetics play a central role in MH, MH-susceptible humans and mouse models are often described as having no phenotype until exposure to a triggering agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the R163C ryanodine receptor 1 mutation, a common MH mutation in humans, on energy expenditure, and voluntary wheel running in mice. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect respiration calorimetry in wild-type (WT) and heterozygous R163C (HET) mice over a range of ambient temperatures. Energy expenditure adjusted for body weight or lean mass was increased (P < .05) in male, but not female, HET mice housed at 22°C or when housed at 28°C with a running wheel. In female mice, voluntary wheel running was decreased (P < .05) in the HET vs WT animals when analyzed across ambient temperatures. The thermoneutral zone was also widened in both male and female HET mice. The results of the study show that the R163C mutations alters energetics even at temperatures that do not typically induce MH.
Evaluating Unicast and MBSFN in Public Safety Networks

Public safety incidents typically involve a significant amount of group traffic and have a stringent requirement of connection reliability. Hence multicast could potentially improve network and user performance significantly, which triggered our study on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN). In this paper, we first derive a realistic MBSFN Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) analytical model, with multiple antennas, multipath channel, and equalizer considered. Then through comprehensive system level simulations, we compare MBSFN and unicast in terms of resource efficiency v.s. throughput, as well as outage probability. We also study the impacts of MBSFN size and quantify the MBSFN SINR improvement due to diversity combining and interference reduction, respectively.
Nevus of Ota with midface tumors and a vanishing orbital mass.

Abstract Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis, is a benign melanocytic lesion that develops along the distribution of the V1 and V2 branches of the trigeminal nerve. Prior reports have described the typical imaging and clinical features of nevus of Ota. We present a rare case of a 31 year-old female with midface tumors and presumed hemorrhage into an orbital lesion in the setting of nevus of Ota resulting in acute loss of vision.
The Association of Advance Care Planning Documentation and End-of-Life Healthcare Use Among Patients With Multimorbidity:

Purpose:Multimorbidity is associated with increased intensity of end-of-life healthcare. This association has been examined by number but not type of conditions. Our purpose was to understand how i...
Evaluating Resistance toward Muslim American Political Integration

Muslims in the United States are often constructed as anti-American and are perceived to have little engagement with politics. Moreover, Arab and Muslim identity is often conflated in the public mind. In this note, we introduce results from a randomized survey experiment conducted in three states with varying Muslim populations—Ohio, California, and Michigan—to assess how trustworthy respondents rate a local community leader calling for unity when that individual signals themselves to be an Arab, Muslim, or Arab Muslim, as opposed to when they do not signal their background. Across the board, and in each state, respondents rate the community leader as less trustworthy when he is identified as Muslim American or as Arab Muslim, but not when he is identified as Arab. These results suggest that the public does not conflate these two identities and that Muslims are evaluated more negatively than Arabs, even when hearing about their prosocial democratic behavior.
The Unintended Consequences of Sarbanes‐Oxley on Technology Innovation and Supply Chain Integration

This paper reports the results of a series of case studies conducted to explore the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This issue is critical as the SEC and the PCAOB continue to defend the requirement that SMEs adhere to the internal control reporting requirements of Section 404 in the Act, albeit at a revised level of expectation focusing on more of a top-down risk-based approach. Cross-sectional case study data is used to explore the impacts of SOX on SMEs adopting organizational theories as a lens for observing behavior and outcomes. The results of the study confirm that there are both benefits and costs associated with SOX compliance. All of the organizations studied experienced substantial improvements in enterprise risk management approaches. However, the level of difficulty experienced by the various organizations in implement- ing SOX requirements was highly variable and could be traced back to the underlying factors in structural inertia theory: size, complexity, experience with change, experience with strict controls, and adaptability. Perhaps the most important finding is that SOX does impact organizational flexibility to various degrees as predicted by theory; and this impact can in turn affect production cycle times, information technology invest- ment, supply chain performance, and ultimately, market competitiveness.
An AI for Humorously Reframing Interaction Narratives with Human Users

This paper presents a hybrid approach to computational humor generation. The approach consists a of a probabilistic, LSA-based method to identify text instances in HCI environments, specifically computer games, where humor can be inserted, and b a knowledge-based method to generate the actual humorous text by minimally varying the input to create an appropriate incongruity. We discuss two examples in detail and provide suggestions for the actual implementation.
Tough Love: The Dramatic Birth and Looming Demise of UNCLOS Property Law

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) represents the culmination of thousands of years of international relations, conflict, and now nearly universal adherence to an enduring order for ocean space that is the most significant achievement for international law since the UN Charter. UNCLOS establishes international property law erga omnes that, by legal and political necessity, required a bargained consensus to be effective. This bargain, in essence, provided coastal States with extended but limited jurisdictions, while ensuring that the seabed and its mineral resources beyond were the common heritage of mankind that would peaceably and sustainably benefit all. Yet whether UNCLOS in fact and in law is now living up to this bidding is in doubt. The critical task of delineating a true outer limit to the continental shelf is now a matter of implementing the delicate balance between applied science and supervised unilateral claims embodied in Article 76. The attempt to "legalize" scientific criteria still retains legal vagueness and ambiguities as well as the uncertainties inherent in any nascent scientific endeavor. Further, the administrative and financial support established to assist in working through these challenges has brought its own bureaucratic obstacles. This has led to a near-perfect storm for small island developing States, which rely most heavily on marine resources for their culture and survival yet also face the most complex dilemmas in Article 76 - all the while having generally the least capacity available to prepare their submissions. The challenges facing the seabed come not from implementation of a legal process, but from substantive overlap and even conflict between Part XI and other international law. Part XI seems to provide clear grounds to refute the assertion of international patent rights for seabed organisms. This could set the stage for a fragmentation of international intellectual property rights under TRIPS and the UNCLOS seabed regime. And the expansion of bottom trawl fishing that directly impacts and exploits coral and the seabed is excused under high seas fishing freedoms, but could also be viewed as infringing on the basic tenets of the seabed common heritage and thus could invoke individual State responsibility or the regulatory jurisdiction of Part XI. At each juncture, as this paper suggests, the necessity of consensus for international property law can also become an effective and constructive tool for encouraging countries to work together on managing the implementation, development, and proliferation of the law of the sea.
X-Ray Emissions from the Sun

Since the existence of solar x-rays was inferred from the work of Grotrian [1939] and Edlen [1942], there have been in recent years several reviews of the experimental and theoretical work on the subject, including those of Mandelstam [1952, 1965], Friedman [1963], de Jager [1964], and most recently Underwood [1968]. Many of these reviews contain excellent discussions of both the experimental observations and the physical processes responsible for solar x-ray production, and some include descriptions of experimental techniques. It is only recently, however, that Observational knowledge of solar x-rays has vastly increased with the massive set of observations obtained with the OSO satellite series, and the long term measurements obtained by Explorers 33 and 35, and Mariner 5 spacecraft.
Tape on substrate, a new systems approach for manufacturing multilayer hybrid circuits

The authors describe a reliable and potentially cost-effective system of dielectric tape, conventional thick film conductors, and process technology for manufacturing low-layer-count multilayer circuits on alumina substrates. The overall system is designated as tape on substrate (TOS). The materials system and process steps for this system, representing an easy entry-level technology for thick-film hybrid circuit manufacturers, are described in detail. Potential circuit manufacturing concepts for high-volume production are also examined. >
Time-Resolved Hydroxyl Radical Footprinting of RNA with X-Rays

RNA tertiary structure and protein interactions can be detected by protection from hydroxyl radical cleavage. Generation of hydroxyl radicals with a synchrotron X-ray beam provides analysis on a short timescale (50 msec to 100 sec), which enables the structures of folding intermediates or other transient conformational states to be determined. This unit provides detailed instructions on the use of the synchrotron beamline for hydroxyl radical footprinting.
Wireless Data Glove for Gesture-Based Robotic Control

A wireless data glove was developed to control a Talon robot. Sensors mounted on the glove send signals to a processing unit, worn on the user's forearm that translates hand postures into data. An RF transceiver, also mounted on the user, transmits the encoded signals representing the hand postures and dynamic gestures to the robot via RF link. Commands to control the robot's position, camera, claw, and arm include "activate mobility," "hold on," "point camera," and "grab object."
URINARY KETOSTEROIDS AND PREGNANETRIOL IN HIRSUTISM

ABSTRACT The urinaiy excretion of 17-ketosteroids and pregnanetriol was compared in a group of normal young women and in a group of 11 women whose presenting complaint was hirsutism. Androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, and 11-hydroxyandrosterone were determined quantitatively by paper chromatography. Among the hirsute women, an elevated excretion of androsterone and etiocholanolone was noted in 6, and of dehydroepiandrosterone in 5. The 11-oxyketosteroids tended to be higher in the hirsute group, although no statistical significance was attained. Pregnanetriol excretion was normal. Hirsutism may be associated with elevated excretion of 11-deoxyketosteroids, but it is impossible to predict clinically which patients will fall into this group. There is little overlap clinically between hirsute women and virilized women. This suggests a qualitative difference in androgen production. The significance of the association of elevated excretion ...
A Scholar and a Simulation Ahead of Their Time: Memories of Harold Guetzkow

Research on international relations at Northwestern University in the 1960s and 1970s revolved around Harold Gueztkowâs pioneering work on the simulation of international processes. As a beginning faculty member, I benefited from the insights and excitement of that special time and place. As a participant in one of his events, I experienced the challenges he faced in carrying off the complex operation of man-machine simulation, when the machines consisted of typewriters, thermofax machines, and a mainframe computers with punch-card input. As a beneficiary of the revolution introduced by networked microcomputers, I realized that Guetzkowâs successes would have been multiplied many times over if the proper technology had been available to him.
Field measurements of time-averaged suspended sediment concentrations under waves

Abstract A suction sediment sampler has been developed for sampling suspended sand in the field. It works by the pressure difference between seabed and water surface, and thus no pump is required. The fact that the sampler has no mechanical moving parts and no electronics makes it very dependable. Seven samples are taken simultaneously at different elevations starting at about 1 cm above the bed. The sampling time is about 3 min for water depths of about 1.5 m. Sixty-five concentration profiles, complete with hydraulic data and sediment characteristics are given in the appendix.
Communication apprehension in basic public speaking texts; an examination of contemporary textbooks

Twenty five public speaking textbooks were examined in order to determine how the subject of communication apprehension is addressed in contemporary texts. The present study, much like the results of an earlier examination, discerned differences, and most often, commonalities in how the subject of CA is addressed in introductory public speaking textbooks. Data presented may be useful for course administrators and instructors of public speaking classes in the important and difficult task of textbook selection.
Automated segmentation and classification of zebrafish histology images for high-throughput phenotyping

Because of its small size and rapid development, the larval zebrafish is an ideal model organism for studying mutant phenotypes using "high-throughput" histological analysis. Although the preparation and subsequent digitization of zebrafish larval histology specimens can be conducted in parallel, the scoring and annotation of the resulting virtual slides is largely manual and therefore rate limiting, which motivates the development of systems for automated characterization of histology images. We present a prototype for automated segmentation and classification of histology images in animal models, with a pilot study focusing on larval zebrafish eye and gut images. We show that the segmentation of the images into regions of individual cell layers can be conducted with good precision using combinations of widely-used image processing operations, and that the resulting classification system, based on a decision tree algorithm, exhibits promising performance.
NEW SAKAGUCHI REACTION.

Abstract The Sakaguchi reaction for arginine has been improved by pretreatment of amino acid mixtures with acetic anhydride to block amino groups. The advantages of this method are: (1) the color produced by the Sakaguchi reaction is stabilized; (2) optimum conditions for the Sakaguchi reaction are easily maintained; (3) a reliable standard curve can be produced. Some amino acids containing reduced groups (histidine, methionine, tryptophan, tryrosine) remain and inhibit the Sakaguchi reaction.
Reduction and oxidation of the active site iron in tyrosine hydroxylase: Kinetics and specificity

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrH) is a pterin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form dihydroxyphenylalanine. The oxidation state of the active site iron atom plays a central role in the regulation of the enzyme. The kinetics of reduction of ferric TyrH by several reductants were determined by anaerobic stopped-flow spectroscopy. Anaerobic rapid freeze−quench EPR confirmed that the change in the near-UV absorbance of TyrH upon adding reductant corresponded to iron reduction. Tetrahydrobiopterin reduces wild-type TyrH following a simple second-order mechanism with a rate constant of 2.8 ± 0.1 mM-1 s-1. 6-Methyltetrahydropterin reduces the ferric enzyme with a second-order rate constant of 6.1 ± 0.1 mM-1 s-1 and exhibits saturation kinetics. No EPR signal for a radical intermediate was detected. Ascorbate, glutathione, and 1,4-benzoquinone all reduce ferric TyrH, but much more slowly than tetrahydrobiopterin, suggesting that the pterin is a physiological reductant. E332A TyrH, which ...
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound CO2 Challenge Complicated by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patient with Moyamoya Syndrome

Studies to assess the hemodynamic status of patients with moyamoya syndrome are often done to determine the need for surgical revascularization. These studies, including transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography to assess vasomotor reactivity (VMR) to CO2, are generally considered safe. We describe a patient with moyamoya syndrome who experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) following TCD with CO2 challenge. SAH has not previously been described as a complication of CO2 challenge in patients with moyamoya syndrome. While such complications are rare, it is important to consider the possibility of harm related to VMR testing in patients with advanced vasculopathy.
Method for precision sunlighting simulation in virtual scene

This paper describes improvements in three-dimensional environment, a set of numerical models for the simulation of natural object (e.g. sun, cloud, light). We take into account the direct solar and simulate an animated sun in 3D environment. In this environment, we create a cloud layer hemisphere with animated procedural clouds. The scene allows the computation of some classical parameters (such as the luminance levels on a working plane, the sunlight factor), and makes it possible to get authentic and natural informative descriptors.
Decreased opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease: Studies on selected complement components and immunoglobulins†

Opsonic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sera of patients with sickle cell disease was reduced in comparison to the opsonic activity of sera from age-matched normal children. No difference in opsonic activity for Escherichi coli was observed in the sera from patients or normals. Total hemolytic complement, conversion of C3 by inulin and cobra venom factor, and levels of C3, factor B, properdin, C3b inactivator, and immunoglobulins G, A, and M were normal in patients' sera. The opsonic abnormality for S. pneumoniae was attributed to a deficiency of serum proteins rather than to an inhibitor of opsonic function. The data suggest that decreased opsonization was not associated with a deficiency of those complement components or immunoglobulins measured in this study.
Electrodeposition of Ni-W-B amorphous alloys

Partial polarization curves at the glassy carbon rotating disc electrode have been used to study the electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-W alloy from citrate-containing solution. For deposition of Ni-W alloys, the partial polarization curves indicate diffusion control for nickel reduction and stoichiometric limitation for tungsten deposition by the composition of the alloy. Plating experiments show that current efficiency of the electrodeposition and composition of the resulting alloy depend on the parameters of the electrolysis. The best conditions for electrodeposition of the alloy Ni-W-B are current density of 45–50 mA cm−2, temperature of 60–70 °C, Ni(II) concentration of 20–25 mm, and pH 8.5. Pulsed galvanostatic plating at 1 Hz increased slightly the current efficiency. The concentration of Ni(II) in the solution can be self-regulated by using a nickel bipolar electrode in the cathode compartment.
Low power programmable architecture for periodic activity monitoring

Body sensor networks (BSNs) are considered a great example for cyber-physical systems due to their close coupling with human body. Activity monitoring is one of the numerous applications of BSNs. Continuous and real-time monitoring of human activities has many applications in health-care and wellness domains. BSNs utilizing light-weight wearable computers and equipped with inertial sensors are highly suitable for real-time activity monitoring. However, power requirement is a major obstacle for miniaturization of these wearable systems, due to the need for sizable batteries, and also limits the life time of the system. In this paper, we propose a low-power programmable signal processing architecture for dynamic and periodic activity monitoring applications which utilizes the properties of the physical world (i. e., human body movements) to reduce the power consumption of the system. The significant power reduction is achieved by performing signal processing in a tiered-fashion and removing the signals that are not of interest as early as possible. Our proposed architecture uses wavelet decomposition and is favorable for the discrimination of periodic activities. The experimental results show that our architecture achieves 75.7% power saving while maintaining 96.9% sensitivity in the detection of target actions, compared with the scenario where the signal processing is not performed in tiered-fashion. This creates opportunities to enable the next generation of self-powered wearable computers.
Cookies and Web Bugs: What They are and How They Work Together

Abstract This article first identifies and exactly defines “cookies” and “Web bugs.” the contents (code) of cookies and Web bugs are next examined through several examples. the useful business value of cookies and Web bugs is examined, followed by a discussion of the threats, invasion of privacy, and other issues. Finally, the powerful possibilities through the synchronization of Web bugs and cookies working together (even in Word documents) are examined.
Nutrition and skin diseases in veterinary medicine

Veterinarians are confronted with a variety of food and nutrition-related skin diseases, with cutaneous food adverse reaction the most common in small animal dermatology. In addition to canine atopic dermatitis, cutaneous food adverse reaction has been an area of interest for extensive research for the last decade. Nutritional deficiencies and toxicoses are rare these days due to commercially available high-quality diets; however, poorly stored diets, inadequate husbandry of exotic pets, or problems in a farm animal environment may result in zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, and fatty acid, or copper deficiency. Inherited deficiencies due to abnormal zinc absorption through the gastrointestinal tract must be considered in Nordic breed dogs and goats.
Alterations in 2-3 Diphosphoglycerate and O2 Hemoglobin Affinity in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery

Alterations in red blood cell (RBC) 2-3 diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG) and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen were studied in 14 patients undergoing heart-lung bypass. RBC 2-3 DPG decreased with institution of bypass and continued to decrease during bypass. The day following heart-lung bypass RBC 2-3 DPG levels returned to normal, but were lower than preoperative control values. In vitro studies demonstrated that a portion of the RBC 2-3 DPG loss is due to circulation of blood through the oxygenator itself. Other factors appear to be involved. Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increased during heart-lung bypass in most patients It was found that the increased affinity was less than would be expected relative to the demonstrated RBC 2-3 DPG decrease, and that a progressive decrease in RBC pH partially corrected the alteration in O2 affinity. Our data suggest that other factors are involved in the demonstrated alteration in hemoglobin affinity for O2, and these factors are discussed.
Molecular systematics of cytochrome oxidase I and 16S from Neochlamisus leaf beetles and the importance of sampling.

If a gene tree is to be judiciously used for inferring the histories of closely related taxa, (1) its topology must be sufficiently resolved and robust that noteworthy phylogenetic patterns can be confidently documented, and (2) sampling of species, populations, and pertinent biological variation must be sufficiently broad that otherwise misleading sources of genetic variation can be detected. These principles are illustrated by the complex gene tree of Neochlamisus leaf beetles that I reconstructed using 90,000 bp of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from over 100 specimens. Cytochrome oxidase I haplotypes varied up to 25.1% within Neochlamisus and up to 11.1% within the gibbosus species group, while exhibiting very low A + T bias for insect mtDNA (63%), low transition saturation, and conservative patterns of amino acid variation. 16S exhibited lower sequence divergences and greater A + T bias and transition saturation than COI, and substitutions were more constrained in stems than in loops. Comparisons with an earlier study of Ophraella leaf beetles highlighted conservative and labile elements of molecular evolution across genes and taxa. Cytochrome oxidase I parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses strongly supported a robust mtDNA genealogy that revealed the monophyly of Neochlamisus and of the gibbosus species group. Phylogeographic relationships suggested that the eastern U.S. gibbosus group derives from southwestern velutinus group ancestors. Haplotypes from individual velutinus group species clustered monophyletically, as expected. However, haplotypes from each of several gibbosus group taxa were polyphyletically distributed, appearing in divergent parts of the tree. 16S provided a less-resolved gibbosus group topology that was congruent with the COI tree and corroborated patterns of mitochondrial polyphyly. By subsampling haplotypes corresponding to particular species, populations, and ecological variants of gibbosus group taxa, I demonstrate that recovered topologies and genetic distances vary egregiously according to sampling regime. This study thus documents the potentially dire consequences of inadequate sampling when inferring the evolutionary history of closely related and mitochondrially polyphyletic taxa.
A novel method to isolate cells with conditional gene expression using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)

An inducible expression system using control elements of the tetracycline resistance operon has recently shown promise for conditional gene expression of any gene of interest. However, intensive screening of multiple independent clones is often required to find cell lines with optimal induction characteristics. By coupling expression of the gene of interest with a fluorescent marker, we have developed a novel fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based strategy to isolate cells with desirable expression characteristics, thus alleviating the laborious isolation and analysis of multiple independent clones.
Paired-associate learning by normal children and retardates with relevant redundant compound stimuli.

Abstract Elementary school children and mental retardates were compared on a redundant-stimulus paired-associate (PA) task in which the stimulus components differed in meaningfulness (M). The M values of the colors and the trigrams used in the present study were established preexperimentally for both populations. Various procedural refinements distinguished the present research from previous studies: (a) response pretraining; (b) instructions designed to provide equal emphasis to the lower M trigrams and the higher M colors; and (c) recognition tests for the measurement of stimulus selection. In contrast to earlier comparative research which suggested that M affects stimulus selection behaviors of normal children only, the results of this study indicated that both groups selected the higher M colors as their functional stimuli for S-R associative learning and that both groups also formed a small number of intercue associations.
HIFiRE-5 Flight Vehicle Design

The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program is a hypersonic flight test program executed by the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) and Australian Defence Science and Technology Organization (DSTO). HIFiRE flight 5 is devoted to measuring transition on a three-dimensional body. This paper summarizes payload configuration, trajectory, vehicle stability limits and roughness tolerances. Results show that the proposed configuration is suitable for testing transition on a three-dimensional body. Transition is predicted to occur within the test window, and a design has been developed that will allow the vehicle to be manufactured within prescribed roughness tolerances