cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Race-Specific Influence of CYP4F2 on Dose and Risk of Hemorrhage Among Warfarin Users

Objective The p.V433M in cytochrome P450 4F2 (rs2108622, CYP4F2*3) is associated with a higher warfarin dose and lower risk of hemorrhage among European Americans. We evaluate the influence of CYP4F2*3 on warfarin dose, time to target international normalized ratio (INR), and stable dose, proportion of time spent in target range (PTTR), as well as the risk of overanticoagulation and hemorrhage among European and African Americans. Design CYP4F2*3 was genotyped in 1238 patients initiated on warfarin in a prospective inception cohort. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess warfarin dose and PTTR; proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate time to target INR and stable dose, overanticoagulation, and hemorrhage. Setting Two outpatient anticoagulation clinics. Participants A total of 1238 anticoagulated patients. Outcomes Warfarin dose (mg/day), time to target INR and stable dose, PTTR, overanticoagulation (INR more than 4), and major hemorrhage. Results Minor allele frequency for the CYP4F2*3 variant was 30.3% among European Americans and 8.4% among African Americans. CYP4F2*3 was associated with higher dose among European Americans but not African Americans. Compared to CYP4F2*1/*1, *1/*3 was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increase in dose (4.5%, p=0.22) and *3/*3 was associated with a statistically significant increase in dose (13.2%, p=0.02). CYP4F2 genotype did not influence time to target INR, time to stable dose, or PTTR in either race group. CYP4F2*3/*3 was associated with a 31% lower risk of over anticoagulation (p=0.06). Incidence of hemorrhage was lower among participants with CYP4F2 *3/*3 compared with *1/*3 or *1/*1 (incidence rate ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.14–1.11, p=0.09). After controlling for covariates, CYP4F2 *3/*3 was associated with a 52% lower risk of hemorrhage, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.24). Conclusion Possession of CYP4F2*3 variant influences warfarin dose among European Americans but not African Americans. The CYP4F2-dose, CYP4F2-overanticoagulation, and CYP4F2-hemorrhage association follows a recessive pattern with possession of CYP4F2*3/*3 genotype likely demonstrating a protective effect. These findings need further confirmation.
Identification of instrumental variable correlated random coefficients models

Abstract We study identification and estimation of the average partial effect in an instrumental variable correlated random coefficients model with continuously distributed endogenous regressors. This model allows treatment effects to be correlated with the level of treatment. The main result shows that the average partial effect is identified by averaging coefficients obtained from a collection of ordinary linear regressions that condition on different realizations of a control function. These control functions can be constructed from binary or discrete instruments, which may affect the endogenous variables heterogeneously. Our results suggest a simple estimator that can be implemented with a companion Stata module.
Dependence of Mo/Si Multilayer Morphology on Deposition Angle

Studies have been made of the dependence of the structure on the deposition angle and the substrate temperature of a series of Mo/Si multilyers fabricated in a UHV system by e-beam evaporation. The detailed morphology was determined by cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy. Columnar growth in the crystalline Mo layers was found to follow the tangent rule. The overall quality of the multilayers was found to depend strongly on the growth conditions.
Acetaminophen Adducts Detected in Serum of Pediatric Patients With Acute Liver Failure.

Objectives Previous studies in patients with acute liver failure identified acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts in the serum of 12% and 19% of children and adults, respectively, with acute liver failure of indeterminate etiology. This report details APAP adducts testing in a subset (n=393) of patients with varied diagnoses in the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group (PALFSG).
An Honor System for Historians

What are the responsibilities of today's scholars of history? How do we articulate those responsibilities? How do we monitor and sanction the behavior of those of us to whom our society has entrusted its classrooms, its media, and its museums, historic sites, archives, and other cultural institutions? How do we restore America's tarnished faith in professional historians? Over the last several decades, we have witnessed dramatic changes in the way we conceive of, document, deliver, and define history. We even have a whole new vocabulary to describe what historians do. Cliometrics, oral history, public history, material culture, social history, docudrama, nuanced narratives, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities are concepts that would have been meaningless when Frederick Jackson Turner declared the frontier closed or when W. E. B. Du Bois helped set new standards for citation and documentation in his 1890s study of the Philadelphia Negro.' Today's scholar is often competing for the eyes, ears, and loyalties of a wide and heterogeneous audience. No longer writing only for the uniformly educated professional, today's academic historian often seeks to speak to anyone, with any background, who wants to know about the past. The advantage is the democratization of history-?the discipline that helps to discern who and what we are. This democratization has increased the number of Americans who can see themselves, their families, and their communities in the historical narratives they encounter. Even the old-style museums-conceived of as philanthropic institutions to "uplift" the public, but often so arranged as to exclude or alienate much of that public-have been reconfigured to embrace concepts such as inclusive and diverse. The old-boy straitjacket that emphasized the heroism and nobility of white male leaders, while choking out women, children, and minorities, family life, workers, and the environment, hasfor many writers and readers-expanded to embrace a more textured story in which the villainous, greedy, and debauched sides of our heroes are housed alongside their nobility, their children, their employees, their medical histories, and their sex lives in a dizzying kaleidoscope of historical texts, chat rooms, movies, museum exhibitions, mini-series, Web sites, historic sites, listservs, videos, theme parks, simulations, e-
Quantifying the Molar Percentages of Cholesterol in Supported Lipid Membranes by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis

The uneven cholesterol distribution among organelles and within the plasma membrane is postulated to be critical for proper cellular function. To study how interactions between cholesterol and specific lipid species contribute to the uneven cholesterol distribution between and within cellular membranes, model lipid membranes are frequently employed. Although the cholesterol distributions within membranes can be directly imaged without labels by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), quantifying the cholesterol abundance at specific membrane locations in a label-free manner remains a challenge. Here, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) of TOF-SIMS data is used to quantitatively measure the local molar percentage (mol %) of cholesterol within supported lipid membranes. With the use of TOF-SIMS data from lipid membranes of known composition, a PLSR model was constructed that correlated the spectral variation to the mol % cholesterol in the membrane. The PLSR model was then used ...
How Far Do We Go With Genetic Evaluation? Gene, Panel, and Tumor Testing.

The traditional model by which an individual was identified as harboring a hereditary susceptibility to cancer was to test for a mutation in a single gene or a finite number of genes associated with a particular syndrome (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer or mismatch repair genes for Lynch syndrome). The decision regarding which gene or genes to test for was based on a review of the patient’s personal medical history and their family history. With advances in next-generation DNA sequencing technology, offering simultaneous testing for multiple genes associated with a hereditary susceptibility to cancer is now possible. These panels typically include high-penetrance genes, but they also often include moderate- and low-penetrance genes. A number of the genes included in these panels have not been fully characterized either in terms of their cancer risks or their management options. Another way some patients are unexpectedly identified as carrying a germline mutation in a cancer ...
Charge-regulation phase transition on surface lattices of titratable sites adjacent to electrolyte solutions: An analog of the Ising antiferromagnet in a magnetic field.

We report a charge-patterning phase transition on two-dimensional square lattices of titratable sites, here regarded as protonation sites, placed in a low-dielectric medium just below the planar interface between this medium and a salt solution. We calculate the work-of-charging matrix of the lattice with use of a linear Debye-Huckel model, as input to a grand-canonical partition function for the distribution of occupancy patterns. For a large range of parameter values, this model exhibits an approximate inverse cubic power-law decrease of the voltage produced by an individual charge, as a function of its in-lattice separation from neighboring titratable sites. Thus, the charge coupling voltage biases the local probabilities of proton binding as a function of the occupancy of sites for many neighbors beyond the nearest ones. We find that even in the presence of these longer-range interactions, the site couplings give rise to a phase transition in which the site occupancies exhibit an alternating, checkerboard pattern that is an analog of antiferromagnetic ordering. The overall strength W of this canonical charge coupling voltage, per unit charge, is a function of the Debye length, the charge depth, the Bjerrum length, and the dielectric coefficients of the medium and the solvent. The alternating occupancy transition occurs above a curve of thermodynamic critical points in the (pH-pK,W) plane, the curve representing a charge-regulation analog of variation of the Neel temperature of an Ising antiferromagnet as a function of an applied, uniform magnetic field. The analog of a uniform magnetic field in the antiferromagnet problem is a combination of pH-pK and W, and 1/W is the analog of the temperature in the antiferromagnet problem. We use Monte Carlo simulations to study the occupancy patterns of the titratable sites, including interactions out to the 37th nearest-neighbor category (a distance of √74 lattice constants), first validating simulations through comparison with exact and approximate results for the nearest-neighbor case. We then use the simulations to map the charge-patterning phase boundary in the (pH-pK,W) plane. The physical parameters that determine W provide a framework for identifying and designing real surfaces that could exhibit charge-patterning phase transitions.
Sex Roles and Interpersonal Attraction for Opposite-Sex Persons

The present study sought to determine if similarity or complementarity was the better explanation for opposite-sex interpersonal attraction based on sex roles. College students filled out the BSRI in class and were categorized as sex-typed or androgynous. Weeks later they read a protocol contrived to be either masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and rated their liking for that target person on two scales, one in which the target person was described as a friend and the other in which the target was described as a potential romantic interest. Results lent support to a “loose” version of the similarity explanation for females. For males neither similarity nor complementarity could explain the results.
Why Evolution is Really Indeterministic

Leslie Graves, Barbara Horan and Alex Rosenberg (1999) have argued that the process of evolution is really deterministic, so we should be instrumentalists about our probabilistic evolutionary theory. I criticize the consistency of their view. I argue that because they are realists towards multiple theories (quantum mechanics and macrophysics) their arguments against realism for another scientific theory fail. The main point of this paper is critical, but in order to set up this criticism I explore the ramifications of realism for multiple theories. Finally, I offer a brief metaphysical justification for realism about multiple theories. This view justifies realism for evolutionary theory, which has been defended by Robert Brandon and Scott Carson (1996).
From Christian Roots

The religions of Unitarian Universalism, the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), Christian Scientism, Seventh-day Adventism and Jehovah’s Witnesses all have roots in protestant Christianity. All, however, have grown in very different directions from those original roots. The belief systems of these five religions cover a broad spectrum in terms of how different religions might offer a variety of approaches for handling the discovery of extraterrestrial life. Though neither the Unitarian Universalists nor the Quakers appear to have anything to say, explicitly, about life in the universe beyond the Earth, they both fully accept the discoveries of modern science. Thus, followers of both religions likely would easily embrace the discovery of life beyond Earth. In contrast, Christian Scientism rejects significant aspects of modern science; followers of Christian Science even nominally reject the notion that the human body is real. Given the Christian Science belief that the human mind is real but the body is not, Christian Science believers probably would reject claims that extraterrestrial beings are anything other than illusions. In stark contrast, the prophetess of Seventh-day Adventism, Ellen G. White, claimed to have encountered living beings on Saturn, and so extraterrestrial life is intimately associated with her prophesies and with Seventh-day Adventist beliefs. Finally, Jehovah’s Witnesses, like many fundamentalist Christians, believe in the absolute centrality of Earth in God’s purpose and for this reason most likely would reject the possibility that beings created by God could exist anywhere else.
A dual-perspective latent factor model for group-aware social event recommendation

A dual-perspective of group influence on event recommendation is investigated.A novel probabilistic latent factor model with pairwise ranking is proposed to model the dual effect of groups.The proposed model is flexible to further incorporate additional contextual information including event venue, event popularity, and geographical distance.Comprehensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the proposed approach yields substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art baselines on four real-world datasets in both regular and cold-start settings. Event-based social networks (EBSNs) have experienced increased popularity and rapid growth. Due to the huge volume of events available in EBSNs, event recommendation becomes essential for users to find suitable events to attend. Different from classic recommendation scenarios (e.g., movies and books), a large majority of EBSN users join groups unified by a common interest, and events are organized by groups. In this paper, we propose a dual-perspective latent factor model for group-aware event recommendation by using two kinds of latent factors to model the dual effect of groups: one from the user-oriented perspective (e.g., topics of interest) and another from the event-oriented perspective (e.g., event planning and organization). Pairwise learning is used to exploit unobserved RSVPs by modeling the individual probability of preference via Logistic and Probit sigmoid functions. These latent group factors alleviate the cold-start problems, which are pervasive in event recommendation because events published in EBSNs are always in the future and many of them have little or no trace of historical attendance. The proposed model is flexible and we further incorporate additional contextual information such as event venue, event popularity, temporal influence and geographical distance. We conduct a comprehensive set of experiments on four datasets from Meetup in both regular and cold-start settings. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art baselines by utilizing the dual latent factors of groups.
Anaerobic fermentation of Salmonella typhimurium with and without pyruvate carboxylase

A plasmid that expressed pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) from Rhizobium etli was introduced into Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Anaerobic fermentations of S. typhimurium with and without PYC were compared with glucose as a carbon source. The presence of PYC increased the succinate yield from glucose from 0.044 g g−1 to 0.22 g g−1, while the lactate yield decreased from 0.31 g g−1 to 0.16 g g−1. Metabolic flux calculations during the early growth phase indicate that under these growth conditions in the presence of PYC more carbon flows to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase than via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Also, under these growth and induction conditions, the presence of PYC diminished the cell growth rate from 0.34 h−1 to 0.28 h−1, the specific rate of ATP formation from 45 mmol l−1 h−1 to 27 mmol l−1 h−1, and the specific rate of glucose consumption from 17 mmol l−1 h−1 to 10 mmol l−1 h−1.
Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after single-dose oral administration in juvenile dachshunds.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is recommended as an alternative/complementary immunosuppressant. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of MMF are unknown in young-aged dogs. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral dose MMF metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), in healthy juvenile dogs purpose-bred for the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 gene (TPP1) mutation. The dogs were heterozygous for the mutation (nonaffected carriers). Six dogs received 13 mg/kg oral MMF and two placebo. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma MPA were evaluated. Whole-blood mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation was determined using a flow cytometric assay. Plasma MPA Cmax (mean ± SD, 9.33 ± 7.04 μg/ml) occurred at <1 hr. The AUC0–∞ (mean ± SD, 12.84±6.62 hr*μg/ml), MRTinf (mean ± SD, 11.09 ± 9.63 min), T1/2 (harmonic mean ± PseudoSD 5.50 ± 3.80 min), and k/d (mean ± SD, 0.002 ± 0.001 1/min). Significant differences could not be detected between % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes at any time point (p = .380). No relationship was observed between MPA concentration and % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes (R = .148, p = .324). Pharmacodynamics do not support the use of MMF in juvenile dogs at the administered dose based on existing therapeutic targets.
Effect of fixation pressure on juxtacanalicular tissue and Schlemm's canal.

Purpose. A quantitative study was performed to compare the effect of two commonly used fixation pressures, 0 mm Hg (immersion) and 10 mm Hg (perfusion), on the porosity of the juxtacanalicular tissue and the size of Schlemm's canal. Methods. Twelve pairs of human eyes were studied by fixing one eye with perfusion fixation and the fellow eye with immersion fixation. Morphometric analysis of the juxtacanalicular tissue and Schlemm's canal was performed. Outflow resistance was calculated from these measurements and compared with the measured outflow resistance obtained in six eyes. Results. Schlemm's canal was narrowed in perfusion-fixed eyes, with a 47% smaller cross-sectional area than in immersion-fixed eyes (P = 0.04). Juxtacanalicular tissue of perfusion-fixed eyes had a 13.4% increase in the relative amount of empty space when compared with immersion-fixed fellow eyes (P = 0.04). Solid tissue components were almost equally divided among amorphous basement membrane, tendon and sheath material, and cytoplasm. No obvious washout of extracellular material was noted in perfused tissue. Measured outflow resistance was 100 times larger than outflow resistance of the juxtacanalicular tissue calculated from histologic measurements. Conclusions. Perfusion fixation at physiologic intraocular pressure caused a 47% decrease in the area of Schlemm's canal and a mean increase of 13.4% in the relative amount of empty space in the juxtacanalicular tissue compared with immersion-fixed fellow eyes. Perfusion of fixative did not appear to cause washout of extracellular material. Perfusion-fixed tissue appears preferable for studies of Schlemm's canal and for ultrastructural studies of the aqueous outflow pathways within the juxtacanalicular tissue.
Evidence of the island rule and microevolution in white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ) in an urban harbor archipelago

The island rule generally states that larger species are dwarfed on islands while smaller species exhibit gigantism. Among the smaller species in which this pattern has been observed, rodents have been a focus of numerous studies. Through our long-term trapping on the Boston Harbor Islands, USA, we have revealed that the white-footed mice on Bumpkin and Peddocks Islands exhibit a significantly larger body size than their mainland counterparts. On Bumpkin Island, adult mice averaged 28.2 g (n = 187, SE ± 0.35) and on Peddocks Island adult animals averaged 31.2 g (n = 85, SE ± 0.42). Published average masses for this species range from 15 to 25 g for adults. Additionally, the mice on Bumpkin Island have shown an increase in mass over the course of our study and this increase was significant between 2011 and 2014 when no trapping occurred on that island. The large size suggests that these animals have been isolated on these islands for a sufficient amount of time for divergence to occur. Additionally, the changes in mass over time, in a population with annual turnover, suggests that microevolution in response to environmental factors may be taking place.
Teaching to deconstruct whiteness in higher education

AbstractAs a white assistant professor of mostly white graduate students who will become higher education leaders, I work to dismantle whiteness in my curriculum, assignments and pedagogy. I make meaning of my own white identity through my commitment to reflexivity as a constant activity. Equally salient are my identities as a queer, able-bodied, cisgender woman, who grew up working class in the rural Midwestern United States. This manuscript explores the ways my identities, experiences and teaching paradigm anchor my commitment to the work of deconstructing whiteness.
UNUSUAL LOCATION of THE AV NODE in a PATIENT with WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME and PRIMUM ASD

Catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease can be very challenging. The anatomy of the conduction system can vary significantly. In this article, we present the catheter ablation procedure in a patient with primum ASD, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and unusually located AV node. Key words: Catheter ablation, WPW, congenital heart disease, tachycardia
Enclosure of Dendrites by Epidermal Cells Restricts Branching and Permits Coordinated Development of Spatially Overlapping Sensory Neurons

Spatial arrangement of different neuron types within a territory is essential to neuronal development and function. How development of different neuron types is coordinated for spatial coexistence is poorly understood. In Drosophila, dendrites of four classes of dendritic arborization (C1-C4da) neurons innervate overlapping receptive fields within the larval epidermis. These dendrites are intermittently enclosed by epidermal cells, with different classes exhibiting varying degrees of enclosure. The role of enclosure in neuronal development and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. We show that the membrane-associated protein Coracle acts in C4da neurons and epidermal cells to locally restrict dendrite branching and outgrowth by promoting enclosure. Loss of C4da neuron enclosure results in excessive branching and growth of C4da neuron dendrites and retraction of C1da neuron dendrites due to local inhibitory interactions between neurons. We propose that enclosure of dendrites by epidermal cells is a developmental mechanism for coordinated innervation of shared receptive fields.
Navigating customary law and state fishing legislation to create effective fisheries governance in India

Abstract When customary legal systems exist alongside state regulations, individuals can choose between these different frameworks to support their claims to resources. Research suggests that such framework switching to maximize self-interest weakens and challenges resource management. Multiple legal systems are at work in India's fisheries and this study examines how they work to govern conflict over purse-seine fishing in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra State. Through participant observations, interviews and state fishing law reviews, this study finds evidence of strong customary legal systems, operating through local cultural practices, to protect common property rights, equitable access, ethical and ecological concerns. In contrast, state legislation appears weak because it addresses issues of local concern, such as equitable access, at a slow pace and over such a large scale as to be absent. Consequently, multiple legal systems in these fisheries do not create a management challenge that follows a predictable path towards resource degradation. Instead informal, customary rules applied alongside formal state legislation interact in complex ways that create opportunities for effective co-management.
Real-time implementation and validation of optimal damping control for a permanent-magnet linear generator in wave energy extraction

Abstract To accommodate ocean-wave energy extraction in a wide operating range of sea-states, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) methodology was applied to a lab-scale dual coaxial-cylinder wave-energy converter (WEC), coupled with a permanent-magnet linear generator (PMLG) as the power take-off (PTO). The paper focuses on the experimental implementation of the optimal damping control of the PMLG as guided by the NMPC process, which yielded intermediate values of damping subjected to prescribed damping capacity. This damping behavior was implemented electronically in the coupled PTO-WEC system by employing a solid-state relay (SSR) with pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique so as to mimic analog current flow. The effectiveness of the combination of SSR and PWM was demonstrated. Successful real-time lab-scale testing in regular and irregular waves was experimentally confirmed. Peak values of energy capture and a broadened bandwidth were favorably improved compared to those obtained using just constant, non-time-varying damping control.
Quality Component Development: Making the Most of JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans Features

Component-based software development (CBSD) is the rapidly emerging trend in the field of enterprise software engineering. CBSD delivers the promise of huge-scale software reuse and has the potential to: Reduce significantly the cost and time-to-market of enterprise systems b Enhance the reliability of enterprise systems Improve the maintainability of enterprise systems Enhance the quality of enterprise systemsThe attendees will have the opportunity to become familiar with the key features of the leading Java-Based component technologies: JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB). They will also learn how to develop quality components for client-side using JavaBeans and for server-side using EJB. Major topics include: Java Platform for the Enterprise (JPE) JavaBeans Component Model Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) Component Model Quality Component Development Using JavaBeans and EJB Future of JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans Useful Resources
Physical and Environmental Factors Influencing the Photochemistry of DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains four bases — adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine — each of which absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet (UV), with a maximum at ~260 nm. Irradiation of DNA in solution with UV light leads to the formation of cyclobutane dimers of the type between adjacent thymines. Cytosine-cytosine dimers and thymine-cytosine dimers are also produced by UV irradiation, though to a lesser extent. The purines, adenine and guanine, are considerably less reactive to UV than the pyrimidines. Thymine dimers were first obtained by Beukers and Berends from irradiated frozen solutions of thymine (1) and from irradiated DNA (2), and later by Wacker et al. (3) from irradiated vegetative bacterial cells. Subsequently Setlow et al. showed that such dimers inhibit the synthesis of DNA in growing bacteria (4). Several review articles (5, 6, 7) are available, discussing both the photochemistry of DNA and the nature and biological significance of pyrimidine dimers.
Automatic and controlled processing theory and its applications to human factors problems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a theoretical and empirical perspective on human information processing that offers a theoretical framework important to human factors. This framework allows quantification, prediction, and interpretation of a broad range of human performance. Only a certain kind of practice can produce a skilled performer. The future directions for research on automatic/controlled processing will be aimed at more precisely defining the concepts of automatic and controlled processing. This will be accomplished by developing and testing precise mathematical models, further laboratory examinations of the parameters of automatic/controlled processing, continued work to determine the basic underlying principles of individual differences in learning a skill and knowledge acquisition tasks, and a pragmatic approach to the application of principles derived from automatic/processing theory.
Carbonic Anhydrase IV

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IV is expressed on the extracellular surfaces of endothelial and epithelial cells and attached by a glycosylphosphatiydylinositol anchor rather than a membrane-spanning domain. Its unique resistance to SDS allows purification from tissues by affinity chromatography without contamination by other CAs. Resistance to SDS and rapid recovery following denaturation are explained by two disulfide bonds. CA IV shows “high activity” in CO 2 hydration, like CA II, but is more active than CA II in dehydration of HCO 3 − . The 35-kDa human CA IV contains no oligosaccharide chains, unlike other mammalian CA IVs. The gene is nonessential despite its importance in CO 2 and HCO 3 − transport in many tissues. The knockout mouse, though slightly smaller and produced in lower than expected numbers, is viable and has no obvious phenotype. Several dominant negative mutations in humans are associated with retinitis pigmentosa 17, which we attribute to unfolded protein accumulation in the choreocapillaris, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of the overlying retina.
Visible and Dark Groups of Spacetime

A remarkable correspondence exists between lattices generated by discrete Jordan algebras and symmetries of superstrings, strongly suggesting that all known superstring theories are related and descend from a more general theory related to the Conway–Sloane transhyperbolic group. Cartan tori has visible spaces and $${G \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {G H}} \right. \kern-0em} H}$$ Cartan generators as dark builders of $$G$$ and determined by root lattices. $${{E}_{{10}}}$$ is shown as the dark group of the visible (9 + 1) space time with the Lorentz group $$O(9 + 1).$$ Embedding of the higher exceptional groups will also be presented.
The RNA Base-Pairing Problem and Base-Pairing Solutions

RNA molecules are folded into structures and complexes to perform a wide variety of functions. Determination of RNA structures and their interactions is a fundamental problem in RNA biology. Most RNA molecules in living cells are large and dynamic, posing unique challenges to structure analysis. Here we review progress in RNA structure analysis, focusing on methods that use the "cross-link, proximally ligate, and sequence" principle for high-throughput detection of base-pairing interactions in living cells. Beginning with a comparison of commonly used methods in structure determination and a brief historical account of psoralen cross-linking studies, we highlight the important features of cross-linking methods and new biological insights into RNA structures and interactions from recent studies. Further improvement of these cross-linking methods and application to previously intractable problems will shed new light on the mechanisms of the "modern RNA world."
Power/Energy Generation and Lighting

An interesting trend in the energy consumption pattern and growth for Nepal’s non-renewable and renewable biogas and micro-hydro energy resources over the years 1990–2002 (presented in TJ (1012 J)), can be seen in Table 3.1
The Nurse’s Role in Prognosis-Related Communication in Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice:

The experiences of pediatric oncology nurses with prognosis-related communication (PRC) remain largely unknown. The purpose of this article is to report results of focus groups wherein 15 pediatric oncology nurses from three Midwestern pediatric cancer programs provided descriptions of PRC and how they experience PRC within their daily practice. Data from focus groups were analyzed via an interpretive descriptive approach, which resulted in three themes: (1) nurses' operational definition of PRC, (2) nurses' roles in PRC, and (3) nurses' preparation for engagement in PRC. From discussions within the focus groups, nurses recognized that PRC occurs across a continuum. Nurses distinguished that the definition of PRC expands beyond simply reporting life expectancy to describing the consequences of cancer- and treatment-related toxicities and effects. When nurses are not actively invited by their physician partners to participate in PRC, nurses will often develop workarounds to ensure that they understand what was said to patients and families. This allows them to function more effectively as supporters, advocates, and informants. Nurses described little preparation to participate in such challenging conversations. Pediatric oncology nurses need to acknowledge and embrace that they are an integral part of PRC. Interprofessional communication training is necessary to enhance the comfort and confidence of nurses engaging in PRC.
Clinical Characteristics of a Case Series of Ocular Syphilis With 3 Cases Requiring Multiple Vitrectomies After Late Diagnosis

Purpose:This work describes the characteristics and unique features of ocular syphilis.Methods:Ten serologically proven cases of ocular syphilis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Eighteen eyes ...
Characteristics and Graft Survival of Kidney Transplant Recipients with Renal Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is higher in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared to the general population. However, the risk factors and outcomes based on the diagnosis of RCC after kidney transplantation are limited. METHODS We analyzed risk factors for the development of RCC in KTRs transplanted at our institution between 1994 and 2016. We compared the incidence of graft failure and mortality in KTRs with RCC to matched controls using 5:1 event density sampling. Identifying the risk factors of RCC and patient and graft survival were outcomes of interest. RESULTS There were 4,178 KTRs performed at our institution during the study period, and 51 patients were diagnosed with RCC. Recipients were followed until graft failure or death. We did not identify commonly looked at baseline characteristics associated with the risk of RCC. Comparing KTRs with RCC to matched controls, RCC patients were younger (47.5 vs. 49.6 years, p < 0.01), received basiliximab induction more commonly (p = 0.01), had hypertension and glomerulonephritis as causes of end-stage renal disease (p = 0.01), and were more likely to be smokers (p < 0.01). RCC was significantly associated with death-censored graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.02-3.03; p = 0.04) but not patient death (adjusted HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.50-1.83; p = 0.89). CONCLUSION In our experience, RCC had a detrimental impact on graft survival among KTRs, highlighting the potential benefit of early diagnosis and optimal immunosuppression management in optimizing graft survival.
Solute Effects on BCC Fe Σ3 Tilt Grain Boundary: Grain Boundary Segregation, Grain Boundary Stability, and Embrittlement in Nanocrytalline Fe

Segregation of solute elements at grain boundaries (GBs) is recognized to be one of the most effective ways to mitigate grain growth at high temperatures in nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys. It is believed that the GB energy could be remarkably reduced via solute segregation, thus lowering the driving force for grain growth. In the present work, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are performed to understand the atomistic mechanisms of the solute-GB interactions. The segregation effects of six transition metal elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zr, Ta, and W) on the Σ3 (111)[1‾10] tilt boundary in BCC Fe are systematically studied by examining GB energy, GB area, solute segregation energy, and GB cohesion. It is found that the decrease of GB energy is dictated more by the solute segregation energy than the GB area extension. The solute segregation energy is verified to be composed of a combination of the strain and electronic contributions rather than either of them alone, even for the solute elements with large atomic volume. The dynamic change in atomic and electronic structures with straining are investigated to provide physical insights into the effects of solute segregation on the properties of the GB cohesion and the role that potential polymorphic phase transformations play in the overall stability of the system.
DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY AIDS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY

SUMMARY Hematoxylin-eosin staining of routinely processed tissues allows the accurate microscopic diagnosis of the vast majority of surgical pathology specimens; however, there are occasions when this traditional approach cannot answer every question posed by a particular case, and other means must be relied on to arrive at an accurate diagnosis or to explore histogenetic aspects of a disease process. Many laboratory techniques that aid in the diagnosis of diseases affecting the head and neck are available to the pathologist. They include histochemical and immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy. More modern technologies, such as those that assess cell proliferation and determine the presence of specific genetic material, are already a part of the pathology laboratory or are being developed for diagnostic use for the pathology laboratory of the future. It must be emphasized, however, that these techniques are supplemental in nature. They are useful only when applied to selected situations and when information gained from them is interpreted within the context of morphologic criteria determined by conventional means. Taken together with pertinent clinical and radiographic findings furnished by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, information gleaned from these techniques can help the pathologist arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
Synthesis of 8-oxo-dGTP and its β,γ-CH2-, β, γ-CHF-, and β, γ-CF2- analogues.

Abstract Three novel bisphosphonate analogues of 8-oxo-dGTP 3 in which the bridging β,γ-oxygen is replaced by a methylene, fluoromethylene or difluoromethylene group (4–6, respectively) have been synthesized from 8-oxo-dGMP 2 by reaction of its morpholine 5′-phosphoramidate 14 or preferably, its N-methylimidazole 5′-phosphoramidate 15 with tri-n-butylammonium salts of the appropriate bisphosphonic acids, 11–13. The latter method also provides a convenient new route to 3. Analogues 4–6 may be useful as mechanistic probes for the role of 3 in abnormal DNA replication and repair.
Confidential Screening for Sex Trafficking Among Minors in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives Child sex trafficking is a global health problem, with a prevalence of 4% to 11% among high-risk adolescents. The objective of this study was to confidentially administer a validated screening tool in a pediatric emergency department by using an electronic tablet to identify minors at risk for sex trafficking. Our hypothesis was that this modality of administration would adequately identify high-risk patients. Methods English- and Spanish-speaking patients from the ages of 12 to 17 years presenting to a large urban pediatric emergency department with high-risk chief complaints were enrolled in a prospective cohort over 13 months. Subjects completed a previously validated 6-item screening tool on an electronic tablet. The screening tool's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify additional risk factors. Results A total of 212 subjects were enrolled (72.6% female; median age: 15 years; interquartile range 13-16), of which 26 patients were subjected to child sex trafficking (prevalence: 12.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of the electronic screening tool were 84.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 70.8%-98.5%) and 53.2% (95% CI 46.1%-60.4%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 20.2% (95% CI 12.7%-27.7%) and 96.1% (95% CI 92.4%-99.9%), respectively. A previous suicide attempt and history of child abuse increased the odds of trafficking independent of those who screened positive but did not improve sensitivity of the tool. Conclusions A confidentially administered, previously validated, electronic screening tool was used to accurately identify sex trafficking among minors, suggesting that this modality of screening may be useful in busy clinical environments.
BPM study of pump modulation effects on mode instability

Results of steady periodic finite element beam propagation (SP-FE-BPM) simulations of transverse mode instability (TMI) in representative coiled step index and large pitch photonic crystal fiber amplifiers with pump noise and modulation are presented and discussed. Modulating the pump power of fiber amplifiers near the TMI threshold complicates the conceptual picture due to the introduction of the additional dynamical time scale of the pump modulation. The time dependent mode field throughout the length of the amplifier calculated with the SP-FE-BPM was used to synthesize spatially and temporally resolved imaging measurements including spatial distribution of the amplitude and phase of different frequency components as a means to characterize the effects of pump modulation on TMI dynamics. Pump modulation was found to affect the threshold and dynamics of TMI in two amplifier configurations and a range of modulation cases. The step index fiber (SIF) amplifier was found on average to be approximately 20% more susceptible to pump noise than the large pitch fiber (LPF) amplifier. Furthermore a TMI dynamic not associated with stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering that has been experimentally observed was observed in both SIF and LPF SP-FE-BPM simulations.
The Management of Penile Fracture: a Review of the Literature with Special Consideration for Patients Undergoing Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection Therapy

To review the current literature on acute management of traumatic penile fracture, with a specific discussion of those injuries following collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injections for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease. The immediate repair of traumatic penile fracture injury is associated with significantly better prognosis for long-term sexual health. Corporal disruption following CCH administration has several distinct features, and the trend is to manage these patients conservatively in the absence of urethral injury. Traumatic penile fracture repair continues to have excellent results when performed immediately following injury. The post-CCH treatment setting portends increased difficulty during surgical management and can be successfully managed in most cases by conservative measures.
Analysis of Kisan Mobile Advisory Text Message Sent to Farmers of Latur District, India

Information and communication technology (ICT) is developing very fast it has made its impact on lives of common man. The rapid development of communication technology has become a boon to farmers for getting timely and appropriate message as per the cropping season. In this regard Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) are acting as bridge between farmers and transfer of technology under the aegis of Indian Council of Agriculture Research in dissemination of these message to farmers’. The present study is aimed at to analysis of two year data of text messages sent by KVK Latur to farming community. The study was conducted in Latur district of Marathwada region. Population for the study comprised of respondents who were subscriber of Kisan Mobile Advisory Service (KMAS) in Latur district. From latur district Latur, Ausa and Renapur tahsils were selected purposively because more number of farmers in these tahsils were using KMAS. Proportionate sampling method used in selection of respondents, thus total sample size was one hundred and twenty respondents which who are subscribers of KMAS. One shot case study method of ex-post-facto research design was adopted for this study. Data was coded, tabulated, analysed and interpreted using suitable statistical parameters.
Globalization and national diversity: e-commerce diffusion and impacts across nations

Introduction In recent years globalization has become the subject of fervent debate, intensified by the spread of low-cost information and communications technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet. On the one hand, crossborder flows of capital, labor, and information may be leading to convergence in how economic activities are organized, reducing the role of the state and its ability to control and guide its own economic development. There are fears that globalization is causing serious economic dislocation as competition intensifies and trade imbalances grow. On the other hand, culture, history, regulation, and other local factors may limit economic convergence, preserving national differences and creating unique capabilities and comparative advantages. The spread of low-cost ICTs, particularly the Internet, accelerates the convergence process by facilitating cross-border information flows and coordination of economic activities. Excitement about the Internet's potential for improving quality of life and bolstering overall economic health is, however, tempered by concern over its potential for worsening the perceived threats of globalization. The United States has played a key role in developing Internet technologies and applying them to create new models of e-commerce – uses of the Internet for business activities such as buying, selling, and providing support for products and services in the firm's value chain. US firms have been supported in these efforts by favorable government policies, a largely deregulated telecommunications market, a dynamic venture capital market, and positive attitudes toward information technology. US companies have used the Internet to create new businesses, transform old ones, and coordinate global production networks.
Robustness of LDPC codes on periodic fading channels

Root and Variya (1968) proved the existence of codes that can communicate reliably over any member of a set of linear Gaussian channels where each member exceeds a given amount of mutual information. In this paper we show that LDPC codes are such codes and that their performance lies within 0.1 bits of the Root and Variya capacity for a large family of periodic Gaussian channels. specifically, the robustness of LDPC codes to periodic fading is demonstrated through the consistency of their mutual information performance across period-2 and period-256 fading profiles. The latter case implies that these codes are ideal candidates for coding in OFDM.