cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D & H Management and D & H Patio Homes: To Dream the Impossible Dream? Parts A & B

This is a field-based disguised two-part case which describes the market and operation of a small conglomerate business, in the home rental and home construction markets. The immediate problem is how to make the operations profitable enough so that the managing partner can afford to start to take a salary from the business and leave his teaching position. Longer term, the partners need to address how they can make the businesses a source of income for their retirements. The case has a difficulty level appropriate for a senior level course in small business management, entrepreneurship, or strategic management.
Long-term Results of Treatment With Low-Dose Fluoxymesterone in Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty and in Genetic Short Stature

This prospective study was designed to assess growth response, side effects, other possible long-term effects, and final adult height in boys treated with the oral androgen, fluoxymesterone. From 1973 to 1984, eighty-two short boys (71 with constitutional delay of growth and puberty [CDGP] and 11 with genetic short stature [GSS]) were treated with daily oral doses of 2.5 mg of fluoxymesterone from 6 to 60 months. Final height assessment was made from 1989 to 1991. A group of 34 untreated boys (26 with CDGP and 8 with GSS) were also followed to assess the accuracy of the Greulich-Pyle and Bayley-Pinneau (GP-BP) and sexual maturity index height prediction methods. During treatment, each patient had a 1.7- to 2.5-fold increase in linear growth velocity. Accelerated velocity (over baseline) continued as long as the bone age was less than 14 years. No adverse androgenic effects (or undue acceleration of puberty) were observed. Final height exceeded pretreatment predictions for CDGP + GSS by 6.1 +/- 3.5 (SD) cm (GP-BP) and 5.4 +/- 3.2 cm (sexual maturity index). It is concluded that a daily oral dose of 2.5 mg of fluoxymesterone can be used to accelerate linear growth in boys with CDGP and GSS when needed to alleviate emotional problems secondary to slow growth and short stature without fear of compromising final adult height.
Diaphragmatic contribution to gastroesophageal competence and reflux in dogs

Events associated with gastroesophageal reflux have been determined by concurrent diaphragmatic and esophageal body electromyography, video radiography, and manometry in four conscious dogs. Three ...
SEX-RATIO CONTROL IN A PARASITIC WASP, NASONIA VITRIPENNIS. I. GENETIC VARIATION IN FACULTATIVE SEX-RATIO ADJUSTMENT.

The precision of sex-ratio control in a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) was investigated using a series of "sequential oviposition" experiments in which a female oviposits on hosts previously visited by another female. There are clear genotypic differences in the averages of these "second" sex ratios. Indeed, one genotype does not alter sex ratio detectably. Two genotypes with identical average sex ratios on previously unparasitized hosts have distinct second sex ratios. Artificial selection on one strain to produce less female-biased "first" sex ratios in previously unparasitized hosts has not affected the ability of that strain to adjust sex ratio, suggesting that the proximal mechanisms controlling first and second sex ratios can change independently. Adjustment of sex ratios is accomplished by the production of fewer females and more males. Sex ratios produced in control hosts indicate that sex ratios are adjusted in hosts independently of one another. Second sex-ratio response also appears to be independent of host clumping. These results represent both a challenge to our present understanding of sex-ratio evolution (see Orzack, 1986) and a foundation for experimental description of this important adaptation.
High nitrogen availability does not improve salinity tolerance in Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Natural and anthropogenic changes in basin lake levels in the western U.S. expose saline, alkaline substrates that are commonly colonized by shrubs in the Chenopodiaceae. On a chronosequence of recently exposed substrates at Mono Lake, California, Sarcobatus vermiculatus has greatest biomass accrual, seed production, seedling establishment, and leaf N at younger sites where soils are extremely saline and alkaline. These field observations and an understanding of the role of N-containing compatible solutes in salinity tolerance of halophytes led to our prediction that Na and N interactions stimulate Sarcobatus performance. To test this, we grew Sarcobatus juveniles for 2 years in the greenhouse at 4 levels of NaCl (5, 100, 300, and 450 mM) and 3 levels of N (0.04, 0.4, and 8 mM) in a randomized, complete-block design. Contrary to our expectations, high N availability did not induce salt-stimulated growth nor did it increase salinity tolerance in Sarcobatus . Increased N nutrition also had no significant effect on leaf cation ratios or selectivity. Plants grown at high salinity had significantly lower leaf K:Na, Ca:Na, and Mg:Na ratios than plants grown at lower salinity. However, plant selectivity for the macronutrient cations remained high, even at 450 mM NaCl. Without such high selectivity, the cation nutrition of Sarcobatus would decline to even lower levels, resulting in severe nutrient deficiencies. This study suggests that the ability of Sarcobatus to attain high leaf N, rather than an interaction between Na and N, enhances its performance at saline sites. In addition, the ability of Sarcobatus to maintain high macronutrient cation selectivity despite high salinity allows its distribution to extend to extremely saline and alkaline substrates in this arid system.
Evaluation of a tailored injection profile (TIP) algorithm for uniform contrast-enhanced signal intensity profiles in MR angiography.

PURPOSE To evaluate a contrast agent injection method that provides constant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity throughout a contrast-enhanced MR angiography acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tailored injection profile (TIP) algorithm was developed that used the signal intensity profile from a test bolus as an impulse response function, and predicted the response to various multiphasic injection profiles. Antecubital vein injections were administered via a commercially available multiphasic power injector. The TIP algorithm evaluated the predicted responses and selected the injection that best matched the desired (20-sec plateau) profile. Resulting signal intensity profiles from tailored and standard injection profiles were compared in 20 subjects (10 each). All subjects received a weight-based single-dose (0.1 mmol/kg) of gadoteridol, and abdominal aorta signal intensities were measured at 3T with a time-resolved, thick-slice, 3D spoiled-gradient-echo MR sequence with parameters approximating contrast-enhanced MR angiography. The single-phase, standard injection was injected at 1.6 mL/sec. RESULTS Full-width at 80% maximum (FW80M) signal intensity was significantly longer for the tailored injection profiles (23.0 ± 2.2 vs. 9.0 ± 4.2 sec; P < 0.01). Concurrently, the profile peak signal intensity was reduced by 19% for the tailored profiles (12.0 ± 3.1 vs. 14.8 ± 2.8 times baseline; P = 0.058), nearly reaching significance. CONCLUSION Multiphasic tailored injections from a power injector produced longer signal intensity profiles (156% increase in FW80M) with an accompanying decrease (19%) in peak signal intensity compared to a standard, single-phase injection. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1664-1672.
Statistical analysis of AIDS and Syphilis infection in Yancheng city blood donor population and blood security strategy

Objective:To analyze statistically syphilis and AIDS epidemic situation in order to take steps to ensure security blood.Method:The syphilis and AIDS incidence and gender,age as well as infection channels in Yangcheng blood donors from 2004 to 2010 were statistically analyzed.Result:Syphilis infection rates basically maintained around 0.7%.The AIDS virus infection rate was on the rise,with an increase in local registers,men more than women.Conclusion:It would necessary for safe blood transfusion to strength the safe propaganda in blood donors,collect blood from low-risk population and strictly screen blood.
A Gendered Analysis of the Effects of Social Ties and Risky Behavior on Intimate Partner Violence Victimization

Recent studies have begun to explore how social ties relate to adolescent dating violence. Building upon prior literature that investigates the relationship between lifestyle patterns and dating violence, the current research explores how social ties developed early in life may indirectly affect intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization risk among adults by influencing risky behavior in late adolescence. Furthermore, the study explores the possibility that the relationship between social ties, risk behavior, and IPV may be gendered. To examine the direct and indirect effects, the current study uses data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to estimate multiple mediation models. Peer engagement and adolescent risky behavior have significant direct effects on IPV risk in young adulthood. Tests of indirect effects provide evidence of mediation with the social tie measures indirectly influencing IPV risk via their influence on risky behavior. Finally, there is evidence that the pathways to IPV victimization vary by sex. Implications for theory and policy, and directions for future research are discussed.
53-P: SUCCESSFUL RENAL TRANSPLANTATION WITH POSITIVE CROSSMATCHES AND DONOR SPECIFIC HLA ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING HIGH DOSE IVIG THERAPY

Aim The presence of antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major challenge for successful kidney transplantation and results in prolonged waiting times. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of high dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) on HLA antibody reduction and graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients transplanted against DSA. Methods Between 07/2005 and 04/2012, 53 sensitized patients whose T and B flow crossmatches were under 200 median channel shift were transplanted with single or multiple dose of IVIG (2 g/kg). Levels of HLA antibodies were measured using single antigen Luminex assay, T/B cell crossmatches were performed by cytotoxicity and flow cytometry. Results All 53 patients displayed DSA to their donors pretransplant. Among them, 25/53 (47%) patients had a calculated PRA (cPRA) >90%. 26 patients had pretransplant DSA to HLA class I, 17 had DSA to class II and 10 had DSA to both class I and class II. 10 (18.8%) patients experienced antibody mediated rejection (AMR) posttransplant, and 5 (9.4%) patients were diagnosed with acute cellular rejection (ACR). 65% (17/26) of patients transplanted with pretransplant DSA to only class I antigens lost their DSA after transplant. However, for patients with pretransplant DSA to class II, only 5/17 (29%) patients showed no detectable DSA posttransplant (p = 0.02). For the 10 patients who had pretransplant DSA to both class I and class II, 4 patients no longer had detectable DSA posttransplant. Four patients had persistent class II DSA and 2 patients had persistent DSA to both class I and class II posttransplant. Conclusions IVIG seems to be more efficient in removing HLA class I antibodies than class II. Patients who had pretransplant DSA to HLA class II had higher risk of AMR compared to patients who had DSA to class I, with the highest risk in patients with DSA to both. Additional study should be performed to understand the differential mechanisms of IVIG on HLA class I and class II antibodies.
Hardware security risk assessment: A case study

The security demands on development teams are growing in direct proportion to the security incidents discovered and leveraged in computer crime and cyber warfare every day. There is ongoing research to increase the effectiveness of security defect detection and penetration testing of products, but where the literature is thin, is in actual case studies that apply security assurance processes in a large-scale hardware-centric environment. This paper adds to the literature by providing an actual case study of hardware security assurance practices using a sample size of 151 projects. Furthermore, it documents and analyzes the efficacy of deploying selective automation using quantitative weighted risk ratings of the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) to hardware projects, including strategic reuse of existing SDL collaterals for derivative projects. The evaluated methodology provided acceptable accuracy and labor savings, but the results indicate that automation focusing on assignment of a quantitative risk scoring introduces a dilution of real security concerns; instead, an approach using qualitative analysis and assignment of security assurance tasks is more beneficial.
Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 from Sugar Beet to Fungicides.

Rhizoctonia damping-off and crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani are major diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide, and growers in the United States rely on fungicides for disease management. Sensitivity of R. solani to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using a mycelial radial growth assay and by evaluating disease severity on R. solani AG 2-2 inoculated plants treated with fungicides in the greenhouse. The mean concentration that caused 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values for baseline isolates (collected before the fungicides were registered for sugar beet) were 49.7, 97.1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.9 μg ml−1 and for nonbaseline isolates (collected after registration and use of fungicides) were 296.1, 341.7, 0.9, 0.2, and 0.6 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, and prothioconazole, respectively. The mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin significantly increased in the nonbaseline isolates compared with baseline isol...
Using Empirical Games to Teach Animal Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on empirical games to teach animal behavior. A common problem for animals is deciding whether to stay in one resource patch or move to another. This problem has an optimal solution (the marginal value theorem) if the animal knows the quality of each patch and the cost of relocating between them. The problem is complicated by a variable risk of predation. If the animal spends a lot of time fleeing or hiding, it may lose so much foraging time that it grows too slowly to reproduce or metamorphose before the season ends. More obviously, if it fails to flee or hide, it may be eaten. Some games have been designed to illustrate the trade-offs between the costs of acquiring knowledge and the value of using it to make a living. The game hinges on the problem of making wise foraging decisions without knowing in advance the parameters necessary to make them.
Development of model food systems for thermal pasteurization applications based on Maillard reaction products

Abstract Model food systems with Maillard reaction products have been an effective tool to assess process lethality for microwave-assisted thermal sterilization. However, model food systems used for sterilization temperatures (110–130 °C) are not optimal for pasteurization temperatures (70–100 °C). The purpose of this research was to develop and assess model food systems to quantify process lethality and food quality for pasteurization applications, such as microwave-assisted pasteurization. Chemical marker M-2 (4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone) and color reaction kinetics were determined for egg white, mashed potato, and gellan model foods. M-2, L*, and a* value changes followed first order reaction kinetics and were significantly correlated to thermal lethality and cook value. Mashed potato was the optimal model food, in part because it had the greatest range of L* and a* reaction rates at 90 °C. Mashed potato model foods developed in this study could be used in the future to describe safety and quality reactions during pasteurization process evaluation.
Optimized operation of an 83 GHz, 15 kW CW Gycom, Ltd. gyrotron in a material processing system

A Gycom, Ltd. 83 GHz gyrotron is currently being used at the Naval Research Laboratory for material processing applications. We report the results of experimental and theoretical studies performed in order to obtain higher precision in the control of the output power and to improve the efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions.
OFox imidates as versatile glycosyl donors for chemical glycosylation

Previously we communicated 3,3-difluoroxindole (HOFox) – mediated glycosylations wherein 3,3-difluoro-3H-indol-2-yl (OFox) imidates were found to be key intermediates. Both the in situ synthesis from the corresponding glycosyl bromides and activation of the OFox imidates could be conducted in a regenerative fashion. Herein, we extend this study with the main focus on the synthesis of various OFox imidates and their investigation as glycosyl donors for chemical 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans glycosylation.
Smart Grid Education and Workforce Training Center

The U.S. Power and Energy Engineering Workforce Collaborative estimates that there are about 800 to 1,000 undergraduate students graduating each year with an interest in electric power engineering jobs. In addition, the U.S. enrollment for masters and doctoral degree students in power engineering are around 550. About sixty percent of graduate students are international. Electric utilities alone will require an estimated 7,000 new hires in power engineering over the next five years. After factoring in the workforce needs of other industries, the power engineering employment could easily be doubled to 14,000 over the same time frame.
Localized LQR with adaptive constraint and performance guarantee

In previous work, we proposed the localized linear quadratic regulator (LLQR) method as a scalable way to synthesize and implement distributed controllers for large-scale systems. The idea is to impose an additional spatiotemporal constraint on the closed loop response, which limits the propagation of dynamics to user-specified subsets of the global network. This then allows the controller to be synthesized and implemented in a localized, distributed, parallel, and thus scalable way. Nevertheless, the additional spatiotemporal constraint also makes the LLQR controller sub-optimal to the traditional centralized one. The goal of this paper is to quantify and bound the sub-optimality of the LLQR controller introduced by the additional spatiotemporal constraint. Specifically, we propose an algorithm to compute a lower bound of the cost achieved by the centralized controller using only local plant model information. This allows us to determine the sub-optimality of the LLQR controller in a localized way, and adaptively update the LLQR constraint to exploit the tradeoff between controller complexity and closed loop performance. The algorithm is tested on a randomized heterogeneous network with 51200 states, where the LLQR controller achieves at least 99% optimality compared to the unconstrained centralized controller.
Outpatient Treatment Patterns of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Introduction: Little is known about community physician treatment practices for children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study is the first to describe the treatment of pediatric OCD in office-based and outpatient department-based physicians in the United States. Methods: Data from the 2003–2011 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used. We provided descriptive statistics for sample characteristics and treatments administered during the visit, and examined differences in treatment by comorbid conditions and settings using logistic regression. Results: Psychotherapy was provided in 46% of visits in children with OCD overall, while serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medication was prescribed to 55% overall, atypical antipsychotics were prescribed to 22% of youth either alone or in combination with another medication; 11% received no psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapy and at least one pharmacotherapy were pr...
Design and fabrication of metal-insulator-metal diode for high frequency applications

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes play significant role in high speed electronics where high frequency rectification is needed. Quantum based tunneling mechanism helps MIM diodes to rectify at high frequency signals. Rectenna, antenna coupled MIM diodes are becoming popular due to their potential use as IR detectors and energy harvesters. Because of small active area, MIM diodes could easily be incorporated into integrated circuits (IC's). The objective of the work is to design and develop MIM diodes for high frequency rectification. In this work, thin insulating layer of ZnO was fabricated using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique which facilitates ultrathin thin, uniform and pinhole free fabrication of insulating layer. The ZnO layer was synthesized from organic precursor of zinc acetate layer. The optimization in the LB technique of fabrication process led to fabricate MIM diodes with high non-linearity and sensitivity. Moreover, the top and bottom electrodes as well as active area of the diodes were patterned using UV-tunneling conduction mechanism. The highest sensitivity of the diode was measured around 37 (A/W), and the rectification ratio was found around 36 under low applied bias at ±100 mV.
Liquid Chromatography Separation and Mass Spectrometry Detection of Silver-Lipoate Ag29(LA)12 Nanoclusters: Evidence of Isomerism in the Solution Phase

Evidence for the existence of condensed-phase isomers of silver-lipoate clusters, Ag29(LA)12, where LA = (R)-α lipoic acid, was obtained by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with in-line UV–vis and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS detection. All components of a raw mixture were separated according to surface chemistry and increasing size via reversed-phase gradient HPLC methods and identified by their corresponding m/z ratio by ESI in the negative ionization mode. Aqueous and methanol mobile-phase mixtures, each containing 400 mM hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)–15 mM triethylamine (TEA), were employed to facilitate the interaction between the clusters and stationary phase via formation of ion-pairs. TEA-HFIP (triethylammonium-hexafluoroisopropoxide) had been shown to provide superior chromatographic peak shape and mass spectral signal compared with alternative modifiers such as TEAA (triethylammonium-acetate) for analysis of oligonucleotide samples. Liquid chromatographic separation prior to mass...
The Influence of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells on Humoral Immunity to T-Dependent and -Independent Antigens

Vaccination with CD1d-binding glycolipid adjuvants and co-administered protein, lipid, and carbohydrate antigens leads to invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell-dependent enhancement of protective B cell responses. NKT cell activation boosts the establishment of protein antigen-specific B cell memory and long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) compartments. NKT cells may exert a similar effect on some carbohydrate-specific B cells, but not lipid-specific B cells. The mechanisms of action of NKT cells on B cell responsiveness and subsequent differentiation into memory B cells and LLPC is dependent on CD1d expression by dendritic cells and B cells that can co-present glycolipids on CD1d and antigen-derived peptide on MHCII. CD1d/glycolipid-activated NKT cells are able to provide help to B cells in a manner dependent on cognate and non-cognate interactions. More recently, a glycolipid-expanded subset of IL-21-secreting NKT cells known as NKT follicular helper cells has been suggested to be a driver of NKT-enhanced humoral immunity. This review summarizes established and recent findings on how NKT cells impact humoral immunity and suggests possible areas of investigation that may allow the incorporation of NKT-activating agents into vaccine adjuvant platforms.
The Application of Lean in the Healthcare Sector: Theory and Practical Examples

Many companies in the manufacturing sector, such as Toyota, have enjoyed immense financial and commercial success by utilizing lean principles to identify value for the customer, eliminate waste in the production process, and deliver high-quality products. Lean encourages participation by the “frontline” workers to generate ideas, enact changes in workflow, and constantly pursue perfection in learning systems. Modern healthcare organizations comprise complex processes and are in significant need of improvement in the domains of safe, efficient, timely, and appropriate delivery of care to patients. It is these complex processes that are targets for improvement using the systematic and scientific lean approach. Lean has been implemented in numerous healthcare organizations within the United States and other nations. From decreased patient wait times to improved patient throughput in emergency departments to more efficient bedside rounding practices, lean has improved the quality of healthcare delivery in institutions that teach its ideals and goals. By going and observing where the work is performed, asking why to determine the root cause of problems, and respecting and supporting involved parties, organizations may have a positive transformative effect on the way healthcare is delivered.
Lower extremity biomechanics and muscle activity differ between ‘new’ and ‘dead’ pointe shoes in professional ballet dancers

The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity (LE) biomechanics and muscle activity between ‘new’ and ‘dead’ pointe shoes in professional female ballet dancers performing releve and arab...
The Role of Propagation Characteristics in Acoustic Emission Pipeline Leak Location

The highly dispersive nature of fluid-filled pipeline systems makes the use of traditional time-of-flight source location techniques generally ineffective. Because such methods rely on the assumption of a non-dispersive signal, they do not compensate for the multimodal characteristics of a real acoustic signal. This paper describes on-going work at ISU to understand the underlying principles of multi-mode propagation in fluid-filled pipes and to develop leak location signal processing which accounts for these propagation characteristics. Results which examine some of the practical problems to be encountered in the application of the previously-reported method, which uses both spatial and temporal transforms to isolate modes and determine source location, are reported. Data are presented that show the effect of transmission line interruptions. It is shown that the characteristics of a pipeline vary as a function of distance along the pipe, and that these characteristics can be determined empirically. Results indicating the effect of system background noise are also presented.
Proactive Planning for Recreation on Protected Lands-Wildlife Management Areas in New Jersey

AbstractIndividual states in the US protect lands for wildlife conservation and recreation. These state lands, often known as Wildlife Management Areas, have historically been used for consumptive ...
Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa.

The rise in research investigating fragmentation and its impact on primates and other taxa reflects the growing presence of fragmented landscapes themselves. Although numerous studies report the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity, it is difficult to generalize responses to fragmentation for specific taxonomic groups, such as non-human primates, when studies have not employed a definitive concept of fragmentation or fragments themselves. Madagascar's high degree of fragmentation, wealth of endemic taxa, and extensive history of ecological research provide the opportunity to compare fragmentation studies across similar contexts. We conducted a literature search of peer-reviewed articles on fragmentation in Madagascar to characterize its trends. A total of 70 articles, 46 of which concentrated on lemurs, tested the impacts of fragmentation on Malagasy taxa, while additional sources conducted research in one or more fragments without testing its effects (n = 112 total, 79 on lemurs). Studies on lemurs most frequently tested fragmentation's impacts on genetics and biodiversity metrics (n = 16 and 15 studies, respectively), although health, modeling, behavioral, and cross-disciplinary techniques were also reported. Responses to fragmentation were reported for 49 lemur species, with most studies concentrated in eastern Madagascar (87%). Although there was variation in the metrics reported in studies testing the effects of fragmentation on Malagasy species, the most common measures were fragment area, isolation, or comparison to a control site. Landscape-scale approaches and examination of fragmentation per se were rarely employed. Characterizing trends of fragmentation research in Madagascar emphasizes the challenges of documenting fragmentation's effects while highlighting the benefits of research within fragmented landscapes, particularly when combined with consideration for how the matrix within human-modified landscapes may impact primate populations.
High Throughput Chain Diagnosis Methodology with Minimal Failure Data Collection

Traditional software-based scan chain diagnosis methodology requires failures from scan chain shift pattern(s) and a few logic patterns to identify the location of defective flop(s). The number of failures required for this methodology is massively high and collecting such magnitude of failures may not always be practical in a volume diagnostic environment. This problem is further exacerbated by the increased usage of low cost testers with limited tester fail buffer. Furthermore, the diagnosis of these massive failures is extremely time consuming due to expensive simulation iterations required for identifying the defective flop(s). In this paper, we propose 3 enhancements to an existing hardware-based scan chain diagnosis technique defined for FULLSCAN test mode to make it successful in a volume diagnostic environment. These include: 1) extension for compression modes 2) reduction of failures required for diagnosis by minimizing the expect values in patterns 3) novel Multiple Device Diagnosis (MDD) algorithm and methodology to diagnose 1000s of failing devices in a single run. Experiments conducted on industrial designs on randomly chosen failing devices demonstrated up to 19.68X speed-up using the proposed MDD algorithm.
Improving Timely Annual Ocular Examinations for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in a Primary Care Office.

Background A common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic retinopathy (DR). Local problem An audit in a primary care office found that fewer than 50% of patients with DM received an annual ocular examination. The aim of this project was to increase timely annual ocular examinations among patients with type 2 DM to 85% within 90 days. Methods The model for improvement with 4 Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles was implemented in a rapid cycle format as well as changes in an electronic medical record (EMR) checklist and referral processes. Interventions Interventions included team huddles and trainings, the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists checklist with additional information about DR, an EMR checklist, and a logbook referral tracking process changes. Results Of the patients referred during the project, 87% completed the ocular appointment, and the rate for patients with DM having annual ocular examinations increased from 48% to 86% meeting the current guideline of the American Diabetes Association. Conclusions Timely annual ocular examinations increased to 86% in 90 days, thus improving current DM treatment guidelines in primary care.
Wireless portable light-weight self-charging power packs by perovskite-organic tandem solar cells integrated with solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

Abstract Self-charging power packs possess great potential applications in the micro-systems, but these electric circuits are required to be portable, light-weight and even wireless connected for practical applications, in particular, in the wearable and portable electronics. In this study, we report wireless portable light-weight solution-processed self-charging power packs by tandem solar cells integrated with solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors through solution-processed electrical conductive polymeric thin film. Towards the end, we first develop solution-processed tandem solar cells by perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combined with ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) for achieving large operational voltage. We then develop solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors by both novel positive electrode and solid-state polymeric electrolytes for enhancing the energy density and cycling stability. After that, we integrate PSCs–OSCs tandem solar cells with solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors through solution-processed electrical conductive polymeric thin film to build wireless portable light-weight solution-processed self-charging power packs. This novel self-charging power packs not only possess advanced features such as portable, light-weight and wireless connection, but also exhibit excellent electric-circuit device performance, such as with an overall efficiency of 12.43% and an energy storage efficiency of 72.4% under white light illumination. All these results demonstrate that the wireless portable light-weight self-charging power packs through utilization of tandem solar cells as the renewable energy source and solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors as the energy storage device connected with solution-processed electrical conductive polymeric thin film, for the first time, are developed.
Renewal: Liberal Protestants and the American City after World War II: by Mark Wild, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2019, Historical Studies of Urban America, 336 pp., US$50.00 (hb), ISBN 978–0–226–60523–4 (hb), ISBN 978–0–226–60537–1 (eb)

The story of post-WWII Protestantism in the United States is often told as a tale of suburbanisation’—the ‘Baby Boom’ generation abandoning the inner city and forming large-scale mainline congregat...
How a Revolution Took Hold – The Standardized Patient Methodology

Medical education has evolved over many years with a shift in focus to include patient-centered clinical skills. Societal pressures and institutions in the House of Medicine gave more power to the voice of the patient. Pioneers such as Drs. Barrow and Stillman were among those visionaries who dreamed, experimented, and published findings about the use of standardized patients in simulated clinical encounters to teach and assess learners by means of a much more objective format. The adoption of SP methodology by licensure in North America broadened the methodology and soon all medical schools included SPs in curricula planning and implementation.
Exploring Health Outcomes for U.S. Veterans Compared to Non-Veterans from 2003 to 2019

The physical demands on U.S. service members have increased significantly over the past several decades as the number of military operations requiring overseas deployment have expanded in frequency, duration, and intensity. These elevated demands from military operations placed upon a small subset of the population may be resulting in a group of individuals more at-risk for a variety of debilitating health conditions. To better understand how the U.S Veterans health outcomes compared to non-Veterans, this study utilized the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset to examine 10 different self-reported morbidities. Yearly age-adjusted, population estimates from 2003 to 2019 were used for Veteran vs. non-Veteran. Complex weights were used to evaluate the panel series for each morbidity overweight/obesity, heart disease, stroke, skin cancer, cancer, COPD, arthritis, mental health, kidney disease, and diabetes. General linear models (GLM's) were created using 2019 data only to investigate any possible explanatory variables associated with these morbidities. The time series analysis showed that Veterans have disproportionately higher self-reported rates of each morbidity with the exception of mental health issues and heart disease. The GLM showed that when taking into account all the variables, Veterans disproportionately self-reported a higher amount of every morbidity with the exception of mental health. These data present an overall poor state of the health of the average U.S. Veteran. Our study findings suggest that when taken as a whole, these morbidities among Veterans could prompt the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) to help develop more effective health interventions aimed at improving the overall health of the Veterans.
COVID-19 stress, health issues, and correlations with different genders and age groups

This cross-sectional study was conducted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and aimed to investigate how perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 at the early stages of the pandemic is ass...
Performing São Paulo: Flávio de Carvalho and the Experimental City, 1928–1931

In the 1920s and early 1930s, Brazil’s urbanists and intellectuals recognized fundamental tensions between world-making by modernist artists and architects and interventions in urban space by undisciplined urban crowds.1 In the burgeoning megalopolis of Sao Paulo, simultaneously center and periphery for a Brazil increasingly embedded within international economic and cultural circuits, civil engineer Flavio de Carvalho created fantastical architectural designs and performative disruptions of city life. Yet, rather than understanding his works as exemplifying avant-garde radicality, this essay argues that Carvalho’s designs and interventions expressed anxiety about the declining power of older Brazilian elites and the rise of quasi-populistdemagoguery with Brazil’s Revolution of 1930. In rapidly changing Sao Paulo, Carvalho remained poised between faith in the modernization of Brazil’s cities governed by rational urban planning and a desire to experience urbanity as an exhilarating immersion in disorderly crowds.
National Population-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality Across the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the United States

ABSTRACT Males and certain racial/ethnic minority groups have borne a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 mortality in the United States, and substantial scientific research has sought to quantify and characterize population-level disparities in COVID-19 mortality outcomes by sex and across categories of race/ethnicity. However, there has not yet been a national population-level study to quantify disparities in COVID-19 mortality outcomes across the intersection of these demographic dimensions. Here, we analyze a publicly available dataset from the National Center for Health Statistics comprising COVID-19 death counts stratified by race/ethnicity, sex, and age for the year 2020, calculating mortality rates for each race/ethnicity-sex-age stratum and age-adjusted mortality rates for each race/ethnicity-sex stratum, quantifying disparities in terms of mortality rate ratios and rate differences. Our results reveal persistently higher COVID-19 age-adjusted mortality rates for males compared to females within every racial/ethnic group, with notable variation in the magnitudes of the sex disparity by race/ethnicity. However, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native females have higher age-adjusted mortality rates than non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander males. Moreover, persistent racial/ethnic disparities are observed among both males and females, with higher COVID-19 age-adjusted mortality rates observed for non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives relative to non-Hispanic Whites.
Influence of Surface Composition of AgSn Films on the Selectivity and Electrokinetics of CO2 Reduction in the Presence of Protic Organic [DBU–H]+ Cations

Electrodeposited composite film electrodes prepared from electroplating baths with varying ratios of Ag+ and Sn2+ triflates were studied to understand how the performance of such materials varies a...
Automatic software model checking using CLP

This paper proposes the use of constraint logic programming (CLP) to perform model checking of traditional, imperative programs. We present a semantics-preserving translation from an imperative language with heap-allocated mutable data structures and recursive procedures into CLP. The CLP formulation (1) provides a clean way to reason about the behavior and correctness of the original program, and (2) enables the use of existing CLP implementations to perform bounded software model checking, using a combination of symbolic reasoning and explicit path exploration.
Impact of Gasoline Characteristics on Fuel Economy

This paper discusses information relevant to the impact of the characteristics of gasoline on fuel economy of motor vehicles. In particular, the paper analyzes the impact of the density, volatility, octane rating, and cleanliness of gasoline, as well as the impact of its additives. It also studies the relationship between fuel characteristics, fuel metering, and fuel economy. Furthermore, the paper serves to help explain some of the differences that may be found between the results of the EPA fuel economy tests and the values observed by vehicle owners in normal service. /GMRL/
An analysis of gymnastic performance under conditions of practice and spectator observation.

Abstract After initially practicing a gymnastic routine in the presence of 17 coactors and casual spectators, 45 students in a gymnastic class were asked to perform the routine either alone or in the presence of 17 spectators from another class. One group of students who performed in front of spectators was given a prior warning of the impending spectator observation, while another group was given no such warning. Although subjects in all three conditions tended to perform more poorly during the second session, in the two spectator conditions the more highly skilled subjects showed greater decrements in performance than the relatively less skilled subjects. This effect was greater in the warning condition than in the no warning condition. The results of this study support both an anticipated evaluation of audience effects (cf. Cottrell, 4) and the Broen and Storms (2) modification of Hull-Spence theory.
The Leaning Ivory Tower: Latino Professors in American Universities

The Leaning Ivory Tower: Latino Professors in American Universities. Raymond V. Padilla and Rudolfo Chavez Chavez, eds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 217 pp.
Testing neutral theorists: Revisiting heterozygosities at the phosphoglucomutase locus and glucose phosphate isomerase locus

Abstract A previous examination (6) of the distribution of frequencies of protein polymorphisms at the phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase loci showed a statistical bias against both loci being simultaneously polymorphic. A rebuttal of these findings based on a neutral theory approach to analysis has been published that argues against such a bias. The neutral theory approach is disputed on the grounds that 1) a fundamentally different data set was used and 2) that the data was skewed by the use of inappropriate transforms. Upgrading the original data with new observations confirms the original observation of a statistical bias against both loci being simultaneously polymorphic. A model based on different chemistries associated with different polymorphism can explain the observed distribution of PGM and GPI heterozygosities.
Multicomponent Fixed-Bed Ion Exchange: Verification of Equilibrium Coherence Theory

Abstract The coherence method, a technique for modeling multicomponent fixed-bed adsorption with time dependent feed conditions, has been applied to a fixed-bed ion-exchange system under a variety of operating conditions. Theoretically, the method can handle multicomponent systems with initial and feed conditions of any degree of complexity. This paper will present the results of an experimental study to verify the practical utility of the coherence method. A ternary ion-exchange system of K+, Na+, Li+ on a fixed bed of AG-50WX8 resin has been studied. Breakthrough curves have been obtained for single abrupt, multiple abrupt, and linear influent composition changes. A non-equilibrium model has also been developed and has been used to describe limiting binary exchange cases. The experimental breakthrough curves have been compared with the predictions of both models.
Extensions of generalized differential calculus in asplund spaces

Abstract We develop an extended generalized differential calculus for normal cones to nonconvex sets, coderivatives of set-valued mappings, and subdifferential of extended-real-valued functions in infinite dimensions. This is a major area of modern variational analysis important for many applications, particularly to optimization, sensitivity, and control. We develop a unified geometric approach to the generalized differential calculus and obtain new results in this direction in a broad setting of Asplund spaces.
A micrometeorite erosion model and the age of Saturn's rings

An erosional model of Saturn's rings is proposed based on theoretical studies of the high charge-to-mass ratio particles in Saturn's ring plane, and assuming that the B and C rings were initially formed as one ring with the optical thickness of the present B ring. The erosion rate is calculated using data from observed micrometeorite fluxes, and a ring age of 4.4-76 Myr is determined which is inconsistent with the 4.5-Gyr ring lifetime required by the cosmogonic ring hypothesis. The sharpness of the transition between the B and C rings suggests that the principal mass loss is through particles moving at a few m/sec with respect to the parent bodies from which they were eroded.
Women's psychosocial adjustment to diabetes.

Women’s psychosocial adjustment to diabetes Successful adjustment to a chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus is influenced by a variety of psychosocial factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which social support, personal resources, coping styles, and psychosocial adjustment to illness differ among women with diabetes living in different types of household structure and to explore the influence of social support, personal resources, coping styles, and household structure on the psychosocial adjustment of women with diabetes. Data were collected in 1995. The convenience sample included 115 diabetic women with an average age of 48 years. Mean length of time from diagnosis was 10 years. Instruments included a demographic data form, a measure of social support, a personal resource scale, the Jalowiec Coping Scale, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self-Report, and a self-report item for assessing household structure. Multiple analysis of variance showed that women in various types of households differed in personal resources and coping. Higher levels of social support and more adequate personal resources were associated with more effective coping and better psychosocial adjustment. The effective use of confrontive, optimistic, supportant and self-reliant coping was associated with better psychosocial adjustment, while evasive and emotive coping styles were associated with more adjustment problems. Multiple regression showed that 47% of the variance in adjustment was explained by personal resources and social support. Findings indicated that women in various types of households differed in the adequacy of their resources and in the ways that they cope with diabetes. Findings further indicated that greater social support, more adequate personal resources, and more effective coping are associated with better adjustment.