cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Vocational Problem-Solving Skills on Motivation and Job-Seeking Action Steps

Most research on employment interventions focuses on job acquisition as the sole outcome measure, despite the fact that there are many intermediate steps to obtaining work. This article examines the impact of a vocational problem solving skills (VPSS) intervention to increase motivation and action step activities that lead to employment. Over a 1-year period between 1995 and 1996, a sample of 109 methadone maintained treatment clients were randomly assigned to either a 10-session vocational problem solving intervention (N= 62) or a time and attention control condition (N=47). The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and a Vocational Motivational Assessment Checklist (VMAC) were administered upon enrollment in the study and at 6 months postbaseline. The VMAC was completed on a biweekly basis over the 12-week intervention period. The VMAC measures both the behavioral actions to obtain employment (e.g., reading want ads, completing job applications) and client perceived motivation to obtain a job. There were no differences by condition in the level of motivation to secure employment and the number of job seeking activities during the intervention period. However, motivation to work and number of action steps did predict obtaining employment for the sample as a whole at the 6-month follow-up. Although the intervention did not increase motivation and job seeking activities, information regarding reasonable outcomes for this population of chronically unemployed persons was identified. Also, practical and methodological implications are discussed.
ATPD: an automatic test pattern generator for path delay faults

In this paper we present an efficient test pattern generator for robust path delay faults, which we call ATPD. Our CAD tool detects much faster more robust path delay faults than any other existing nonenumerative approach. ATPD generates patterns for a non necessarily polynomial number of path delay faults. The nature of the problem indicates that for a test generator to be efficient it must count nonenumeratively the additional delay paths detected by each generated pair of patterns. ATPD generates each pair of patterns and determines the number of paths covered in a novel way that combines these two phases effectively.
A new compressive imaging camera architecture using optical-domain compression

Compressive Sensingis an emerging field based on the revelation that a small numbe r of linear projections of a compressible signal contain enough information for reconstruction and processing. It has many promising implications and enables the design of new kinds of Compressive Imagingsystems and cameras. In this paper, we develop a new camera architecture that employs a digital micromirror array to perform optical calculations of linear projections of an image onto pseudorandom binary patterns. Its hallmarks include the ability to obtai n an image with a single detection element while sampling the image fewer times than the number of pixels. Other attractive properties include its universality, robustness, scalab ility, progressivity, and computational asymmetry. The most intriguing feature of the system is that, since it relies on a sing le photon detector, it can be adapted to image at wavelengths that are currently impossible with conventional CCD and CMOS imagers.
DNA immunization in a mouse model of latent tuberculosis: effect of DNA vaccination on reactivation of disease and on reinfection with a secondary challenge.

Individuals who are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can develop active disease via either endogenous reactivation of the latent bacilli or exogenous reinfection with a second mycobacterial strain. In this study, we investigated whether immunization with a tuberculosis DNA vaccine cocktail that induces significant protective responses in mice could prevent reactivation of disease in a murine latent-tuberculosis model. In addition, we assessed whether DNA vaccination could retard the growth of a secondary aerogenic infection with M. tuberculosis (exogenous reinfection) in latently infected mice. In the reactivation studies, administration of the DNA vaccine combination did not prevent recrudescence of the latent infection after injection of dexamethasone. Moreover, for the reinfection experiments, only a modest decrease in the growth of a secondary M. tuberculosis challenge in DNA-vaccinated animals, compared to controls, was observed 14 and 28 days after the reinfection of previously exposed mice. Interestingly, although proliferation of the secondary challenge was reduced significantly in a nonvaccinated chronic-infection group relative to the naive controls, the number of bacilli still increased by 500-fold 1 month after the secondary challenge in mice with active tuberculosis. These results indicate that novel immunotherapeutic approaches will be required to prevent reactivation of infection or reinfection of individuals with latent tuberculosis.
Thermal-energy transfer from arc to rails in an arc-driven rail gun

A model is developed for examining thermal-energy transfer from the arc to the rails in an arc-driven rail gun. Resistive heating within the rails is also accounted for, though the contribution to the rail temperature from this mechanism is frequently negligible. Melting of the rail surface is allowed in the model, but it is assumed that the melted material is swept away and absorbs no further energy. A set of differential equations is presented which, when solved, yield the temperature, magnetic induction, and current density within the rail, as well as the mass lost from the rail surface. The model is then used to analyze rail melting in a recent experiment by Jamison and Burden, using as input data in the model experimentally obtained parameters.
The nursing process – is the title right?

The use of the term nursing process is traced from the 1950s. The author argues that the nursing process is now used as a substitute for nursing. In this paper questions are raised as to whether problem-solving is all there is to nursing and whether problem solving is peculiar to nursing. It is further argued that whilst the nursing process recognizes the purpose of the problem-solving aspects of the nurse's work, it ignores the subjective or intuitive aspects of nursing. It also ignores the role of experience, logic and expert opinion as bases for nursing practice, the author contends. She concludes that because the nursing process stresses a dominant and independent function for the nurse this may undermine the value of collaboration of health professionals and the development of the client's self reliance.
Genetic Basis for Rhizobium etli CE3 O-Antigen O-Methylated Residues That Vary According to Growth Conditions

The Rhizobium etli CE3 O antigen is a fixed-length heteropolymer with O methylation being the predominant type of sugar modification. There are two O-methylated residues that occur, on average, once per complete O antigen: a multiply O-methylated terminal fucose and 2-O methylation of a fucose residue within a repeating unit. The amount of the methylated terminal fucose decreases and the amount of 2-O-methylfucose increases when bacteria are grown in the presence of the host plant, Phaseolus vulgaris, or its seed exudates. Insertion mutagenesis was used to identify open reading frames required for the presence of these O-methylated residues. The presence of the methylated terminal fucose required genes wreA, wreB, wreC, wreD, and wreF, whereas 2-O methylation of internal fucoses required the methyltransferase domain of bifunctional gene wreM. Mutants lacking only the methylated terminal fucose, lacking only 2-O methylation, or lacking both the methylated terminal fucose and 2-O methylation exhibited no other lipopolysaccharide structural defects. Thus, neither of these decorations is required for normal O-antigen length, transport, or assembly into the final lipopolysaccharide. This is in contrast to certain enteric bacteria in which the absence of a terminal decoration severely affects O-antigen length and transport. R. etli mutants lacking only the methylated terminal fucose were not altered in symbiosis with host Phaseolus vulgaris, whereas mutants lacking only 2-O-methylfucose exhibited a delay in nodule development during symbiosis. These results support previous conclusions that the methylated terminal fucose is dispensable for symbiosis, whereas 2-O methylation of internal fucoses somehow facilitates early events in symbiosis.
Coronary computed tomography angiography at 140 kV versus 120 kV: assessment of image quality and radiation exposure in overweight and moderately obese patients

BackgroundAlthough a tube potential of 140 kV is available on most computed tomography (CT) scanners, its incremental diagnostic value versus 120 kV has been controversial.PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the image quality and radiation exposure of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) performed at 140 kV in comparison to CCTA at 120 kV in overweight and moderately obese patients.Material and MethodsEighty-eight patients who were referred for CCTA between January 2010 and May 2012 were included. Forty-four patients who were overweight or moderately obese (body mass index [BMI], 25–35 kg/m2) underwent CCTA with dual-source CT (DSCT) scanner at 140 kV. Forty-four match controls who underwent CCTA with DSCT at 120 kV were identified per BMI, average heart rate, scan indication, and scan acquisition mode. All scans were performed per routine protocols with direct physician supervision. Quantitative image metrics (CT attenuation, image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], and signal-to-noise ratio ...
Native Valve Endocarditis Due to Gordonia polyisoprenivorans: Case Report and Review of Literature of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Gordonia Species

We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and concisely review the English literature regarding bloodstream infections caused by Gordonia species.
Two-junction tuning circuits for submillimeter SIS mixers

The capacitance of superconducting tunnel junctions can seriously degrade the performance of quasiparticle (SIS) mixers operating in the submillimeter band, so it is essential to provide a circuit for tuning out this capacitance at the operating frequency. In this article, we present two new tuning circuits for SIS mixers which use a pair of SIS junctions connected by an inductance. Compared to previously proposed tuning circuits, ours have a broader bandwidth, are easier to scale to higher frequencies, and may be easier to fabricate. We have constructed quasi-optical mixers which employ these tuning circuits, using Nb/Al-Oxide/Nb SIS junctions defined by optical lithography. The performance of these devices is excellent, giving receiver noise temperatures of 113 K (DSB) at 490 GHz and 230 K DSB at 612 GHz. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of our tuning circuit, these results show that quasi-optical mixers can be competitive with or superior to waveguide mixers at submillimeter wavelengths. The mixers continue to perform well at frequencies up to 672 GHz, which is about 95% of the Nb gap frequency. >
Has capitalism been invalidated

In the wake of the recent financial fiasco, many are rushing to judgement and condemning capitalism as the culprit. This is wrong. First of all no Western country is fully capitalist – they are all mixed systems, with elements of socialism, egalitarianism, capitalism, fascism, the welfare state, communitarianism, etc. with varieties of proportions of these. Second, the cause of the recent mess is more likely government's insistence that everyone must own a home, the egalitarians element of the system! Third, there is so much government regulation in place, and on the increase everywhere, that to claim that the problems arose because there were not enough is incredible.
Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Cognate Receptor, TrkB, in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Photic entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms occurs because the pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus is endowed with a rhythmic sensitivity to photic signals conveyed by the retinohypothalamic tract. Since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the functional modulation of other retinal targets, the rat SCN was examined for expression and cellular distribution of this neurotrophin and TrkB, the tyrosine kinase receptor that preferentially binds BDNF. The rat SCN was found to express the mature BDNF peptide and mRNA by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. BDNF-immunoreactivity and hybridization signal for its mRNA were coextensively localized within a number of SCN cells throughout the rostrocaudal axis of each nucleus. In addition, some cells intercalated within the optic chiasm were distinguished by expression of BDNF immunoreactivity or mRNA. Immunostaining for the TrkB receptor was also evident in the SCN within terminals or fibers predominantly located along the SCN/optic chiasm interface and within scattered perikarya near the medial border of each nucleus. Combinedin situhybridization and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that BDNF mRNA-expressing cells within the ventrolateral SCN were often closely apposed to TrkB-positive fibers extending from the optic chiasm. These findings raise the possibility that target-derived interactions between BDNF and TrkB receptors could play a role in the circadian modulation of SCN pacemaker sensitivity to photic input transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the nitrogen laser

We have studied several types of flat-plate-transmission-line pulse-excited nitrogen lasers. Experiments were carried over a wide variety of parameters such as laser-tube pressure, charging voltage, laser-tube inductance, transmission-line impedance, and others. A theory of the nitrogen laser is presented which treats the laser as an integrated electrooptical system. The theory is based upon the known macroscopic properties of nitrogen discharges along with the known electron impact ionization and excitation cross sections for the N 2 molecule. The theoretical predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental observations. It is suggested that this type of theoretical approach should be applicable to fast high-power discharges in many other gases.
Forum Editors Introduction

This is the introduction to the forum section of Volume 10, Issue 1 & 2, entitled, Popular Culture and Disability.
When Technology Meets Conservation: Increased Microsatellite Marker Production Using 454 Genome Sequencing on the Endangered Okaloosa Darter (Etheostoma okaloosae)

High-throughput sequencing affords a cost and time effective means of obtaining large numbers of genetic markers for conservation studies. Here, we present thousands of novel microsatellite loci developed for the Okaloosa darter, Etheostomo okaloosae, an endangered percid fish. We sequenced more than 29 million bp using 454 whole genome shotgun sequencing and employed free user-friendly bioinfor- matics tools to screen for microsatellite loci and design appropriate primers. We tested 39 primer sets for polymorphism and ran population-level analyses on a population of Okaloosa darters. Of these, 30 markers were variable with an observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.382 and 0.430, respectively, and allele numbers ranging from 2 to 13. Comparisons against the zebra fish reference genome, Danio rerio, revealed that these loci represent an adequate chromosomal coverage of the darter genome, although total genomic coverage was only 2.4-3.3%. We also tested these loci on the brown darter, E. edwini, and identified loci that will be useful for hybridization studies between these taxa.
A pilot study of letrozole for one year in women at enhanced risk of developing breast cancer: effects on mammographic density.

Background: Tamoxifen or raloxifen for 5 years reduces the risk of developing invasive breast cancer by 40%. To address safety concerns and seek enhanced efficacy, studies of new chemopreventive agents using mammographic density as a surrogate end point are attractive. Patients and Methods: Postmenopausal women with risk factors for developing breast cancer were given letrozole 2.5 mg daily for one year, and mammographic density was the biomarker of breast cancer risk modification. It was assessed (blinded to the reader) at baseline, 6, and 12 months in 16 evaluable women among 20 enrolled. Results: Eight patients exhibited decreased mammographic density at six months, and eleven at 12 months. Toxicities included joint aches not precluding continued treatment. Conclusion: This pilot study supports the use of letrozole for reducing breast cancer risk. In addition, it encourages prospective studies of serial changes in mammographic density as a biomarker of risk modification within a selected high-risk population.
An adaptive Expectation–Maximization algorithm with GPU implementation for electron cryomicroscopy

Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation has very desirable properties for reconstructing 3D volumes from noisy cryo-EM images of single macromolecular particles. Current implementations of ML estimation make use of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm or its variants. However, the EM algorithm is notoriously computation-intensive, as it involves integrals over all orientations and positions for each particle image. We present a strategy to speedup the EM algorithm using domain reduction. Domain reduction uses a coarse grid to evaluate regions in the integration domain that contribute most to the integral. The integral is evaluated with a fine grid in these regions. In the simulations reported in this paper, domain reduction gives speedups which exceed a factor of 10 in early iterations and which exceed a factor of 60 in terminal iterations.
Granularaspis , new name for Granularia Poletaeva in Lermontova, 1951, not Granularia Pomel, 1849; Type genus of Granularaspidae (Trilobita), new name

MONTAGU, G. 1803. Testacea Britannica, or natural history of British RAVN, J. P. J. 1933. Etudes sur les pelecypodes et gastropodes daniens shells. J. S. Hollis, London, 606 p. du Calcaire de Faxe. M6moires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences PALMER, K. V. W., AND D. C. BRANN. 1966. Catalogue of the Paleocene et des Lettres de Danemark, Section des Sciences, 5(2), 74 p. and Eocene Mollusca of the southern and eastern United States. Part ACEPTED 8 AUGUST 1994 2. Gastropoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 48(218), 1,057 p.
A Comparison of Equity Limit Order Execution Quality Across Trading Venues

The scant amount of extant research evaluating intermarket limit order execution quality does not control order characteristics or market conditions, making it difficult to compare execution quality across market centers. We analyze fill rates and execution times across different trading venues for comparable limit orders in NYSE-listed equities. We introduce a new methodology for estimating if/when hypothetical limit orders execute and we demonstrate its accuracy. Contrary to extant work, our naive simulations suggest that the NYSE provides higher fill rates and faster fill times, on average, than regional stock exchanges. Additional analyses, however, suggest that regional exchanges and individual brokerage firms provide execution systems making the regionals' limit order execution quality no worse than and possibly superior to New York's.
Synchronous opening of the Rio Grande rift along its entire length at 25–10 Ma supported by apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track thermochronology, and evaluation of possible driving mechanisms

One-hundred and forty-seven new apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages are presented from 32 sample locations along the flanks of the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico and Colorado. These data are combined with apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses of the same rocks and modeled together to create well-constrained cooling histories for Rio Grande rift flank shoulders. The data indicate rapid cooling due to extension from ca. 28 to 5 Ma in the Sawatch Range, ca. 28 Ma to Quaternary in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, ca. 25 to 5 Ma in the Albuquerque Basin, and ca. 25 to 10 Ma in the southern Rio Grande rift in southern New Mexico. Rapid cooling of rift flanks followed the Oligocene ignimbrite flare-up, and the northern section of the Rio Grande rift in Colorado exhibits semicontinuous cooling since the Oligocene. Overall, however, rift flank cooling along the length of the rift was out of phase with high-volume magmatism and hence is inferred to have been driven mainly by exhumation due to faulting. Although each location preserves a unique cooling history, when combined with existing AHe data from the Gore Range in northern Colorado and the Sandia Mountains in New Mexico, together these data indicate that extension and exhumation of rift shoulders were synchronous along >850 km of the length of the Rio Grande rift from 25 to 10 Ma. These time-space constraints provide an important new data set with which to develop geodynamic models for initiation and evolution of continental rifting. Models involving northward propagation of rifting and Colorado Plateau rotation are not favored as primary mechanisms driving extension. Instead, a geodynamic model is proposed that involves upper-mantle dynamics during multistage foundering and rollback of a segment of the Farallon plate near the Laramide hinge region that extended between the Wyoming and SE New Mexico high-velocity mantle domains. The first stage of flat slab removal accompanied ca. 40–20 Ma volcanism in the San Juan and Mogollon-Datil ignimbrite centers, which initiated asthenospheric upwelling and circulation. A second stage involved a ca. 30–25 Ma detachment of remaining fragments of the Farallon slab, intensifying asthenospheric upwelling and focusing it along a N-S trend beneath Colorado and New Mexico. By 25 Ma, the North American lithosphere had become weakened critically along this narrow zone, so that extension was accelerated, resulting in the observed 25–10 Ma cooling indicated by the thermochronologic data. This developed a central graben with increased fault-related high strain rates and resulted in maximum sediment accumulation in the Rio Grande rift. Our geodynamic model thus involves Oligocene removal of parts of the Farallon slab beneath the ignimbrite centers followed by a major Oligocene–Miocene slab break that instigated the discrete N-S Rio Grande rift through focused upper-mantle convection beneath the southern Rocky Mountain–Rio Grande rift region.
Gonadal dysgenesis: report of a case with biochemical, histochemical and chromosomal observations.

Vascular mucopolysaccharides were studied in a patient with XO gonadal dysgenesis who died with severe unexplained hypertension and intracerebral hemorrhage. Karyotyping of leukocytes in peripheral blood had revealed lack of an X chromosome and a random loss of other chromosomes, but no demonstrable mosaicism. The patient’s total aortic mucopolysaccharide content was significantly increased compared with controls, but no specific mucopolysaccharide fraction was particularly elevated. This increase was associated with a decrease in labeled sulfate uptake, suggesting decreased metabolic turnover of these substances. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of vascular mucopolysaccharides in hypertensive disease.
Black Administrators and Higher Education

(1969). Black Administrators and Higher Education. The Black Scholar: Vol. 1, The Culture of Revolution, pp. 66-76.
Coating/substrate interaction in elastomer-steel bilayer armor:

The properties of steel substrates coated with soft polymers were characterized, in order to assess their connection to ballistic properties. An impact-induced viscoelastic phase change of the polymer effects large energy dissipation, while also spreading the force over a wider area, which reduces the impact pressure. Both effects enhance the performance, as directly measured and seen from strain measurements on the substrate taken during ballistic tests. The contribution of the front-surface polymer to impact performance is increased for harder substrates, indicating a coupling of the layers related to impedance mismatching. Since this effect is very local, the phenomenon can be exploited by surface-hardening of the steel.
The effect of fuel chemistry on UO2 dissolution

Abstract The dissolution rate of both unirradiated UO 2 and used nuclear fuel has been studied by numerous countries as part of the performance assessment of proposed geologic repositories. In the scenario of waste package failure and groundwater contact with the fuel, the effects of variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water and fuel chemistry on the dissolution rates of the fuel are necessary to provide a quantitative estimate of the potential release over geologic time frames. The primary objective of this research was to determine the influence these parameters, with primary focus on the fuel chemistry, have on the dissolution rate of unirradiated UO 2 under oxidizing repository conditions and compare them to the rates predicted by current dissolution models. Both unirradiated UO 2 and UO 2 doped with varying concentrations of Gd 2 O 3 , to simulate used fuel composition after long time periods when radiolysis has minor contributions to dissolution, were examined. In general, a rise in temperature increased the dissolution rate of UO 2 and had a larger effect on pure UO 2 than on those doped with Gd 2 O 3 . Oxygen dependence was observed in the UO 2 samples with no dopant and increased as the temperature rose; in the doped fuels less dependence was observed. The addition of gadolinia into the UO 2 matrix resulted in a significant decrease in the dissolution rate. The matrix stabilization effect resulting from the dopant proved even more beneficial in lowering the dissolution rate at higher temperatures and dissolved O 2 concentrations in the leachate where the rates would typically be elevated.
Discusses the Health Education Shallowlyin Flooddisaster Time Application

Objective When discussion disaster health education work development method and working.Method Carries on the preliminary analysis to the flood disaster time health education concrete implementation and the display function.Results Prevented disease in the work in the disaster relief the health education to play the full role,and has obtained the remarkable result.Conclusion According to the flooding disaster topicality,the seasonal characteristic,the periodic characteristic and the common harm(water source pollution,food pollution and so on),establish the one whole set to have pointed and the usable health education plan are extremely essential.
The Role of Group B Streptococci ß-Hemolysin Expression in Newborn Lung Injury

Group B Streptococci (GBS) are the leading cause of serious bacterial infection in newborns, particularly those born prematurely. Early-onset disease is heralded by pneumonia with dense bacterial infiltration, epithelial cell damage, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory exudate. We have been interested in identifying potential GBS virulence factors which contribute to lung injury in newborn pneumonia. Recently, we have demonstrated that expression of s-hemolytic activity by GBS is directly correlated with injury of lung epithelial cells in vitro3. In these experiments, we used Tn916 and Tn917 mutagenesis to create isogenic GBS mutants which exhibited either a nonhemolytic (NH) or hyperhemolytic (HH) phenotype. NH mutants were noninjurious, and HH mutants hyperinjurious, to monolayers of A549 pneumocytes, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and trypan blue nuclear staining. Electron microscopic studies of injured pneumocytes suggested the GBS s-hemolysin was acting as a pore-forming cytolysin, producing discrete membrane disruptions, loss of microvillus architecture, surface bleb formation, cellular swelling with loss of intracytoplasmic density, and hypoosmotic damage to organelles and chromatin. Hemolysin-induced pneumocyte injury was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the phospholipid dipalmotyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major component of human surfactant, providing a rationale for the increased susceptibility of premature, surfactant-deficient newborns to severe GBS pneumonia.
Exploring the Perceptions of Anal Cancer Screening and Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men Infected With HIV.

BackgroundThe incidence of anal cancer is on the rise among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Given the increasing availability of screening, this study explored anal cancer screening a...
Components of the Dynamically Coupled Heliosphere

The description of the heliosphere as a system has emerged recently due to a deeper understanding of the heliosphere’s numerous interlinked components. The call for a system view is illustrated by several areas of discovery involving the sources and acceleration of energetic particles, the links between particle acceleration and magnetic field structure, and the dynamic solar sources of heliospheric magnetic field meso-scale and micro-scale structure. These research areas have seeded the discovery of the inner and outer pickup ion sources; the discovery of the outer source of anomalous cosmic rays; the discovery that nearly radial magnetic fields in co-rotating rarefaction regions and associated energetic particle dwells are caused by the motions of open magnetic field footpoints across coronal hole boundaries; the relevance of these footpoint motions for ubiquitous statistical acceleration in slow solar wind and for Favored Acceleration Locations at the Termination Shock (FALTS); and the Ulysses discoveries of multiple unplanned crossings of the distant cometary tails of Hyakutake and McNaught-Hartley. Here, we review these emerging areas of heliospheric research and discuss how they are leading to a deeper understanding of our intrinsically dynamic and interlinked heliosphere.
Mitosis in hydra

1. The indifferent interstitial cells divide by mitosis. 2. This mitosis occurs within the nuclear area but not inside the nuclear membrane. 3. Centrioles are present and appear to be enclosed within the nuclear membrane during the early telephase. 4. Various fixing agents have great effect upon the chromosomes, causing them to shrink from their V-shape to rather rod-like structures. 5. The indifferent cells of the endoderm divide in a manner similar to the indifferent cells of the ectoderm.
From drought to flooding in less than a week over South Carolina

Abstract A deep tropical moisture connection to Hurricane Joaquin led to historic rainfall and flooding over South Carolina from 3 to 5 October 2015, erasing the prevailing moderate to severe meteorological and agricultural drought that had developed from May through September. NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission constellation of satellites and a real-time implementation of the NASA Land Information System highlight the precipitation and land surface response of this event.
US Land-Grant Universities in India: Assessing the consequences of agricultural partnership, 1952–1972

Abstract India has been an agrarian economy since ancient times and the science and art of agriculture, animal husbandry, soil management and irrigation have richly evolved through the course of its history. The present study illustrates the ways in which these were impacted by the colonization of the country, the subsequent Independence in 1947 amid the complex environment of the Cold War and India’s policy of Non-Alignment. Amid a difficult socio-economic situation enraged by the famines and food insecurity in India and the simultaneous Four Point Program of the then President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, there emerged a consensus between the two countries to improve the living standards, eliminate hunger, encourage education in food production, food handling, food utilization and hence development in India with the help of Land-Grant Universities, by creating similar education centers in India. This study of Indo-American partnership in agricultural education, research and extension through the also incorporates a discussion of the extraordinary role of the Ford and Rockefeller foundations as well as that of CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics), whose joint efforts with Indian scientists helped build solid foundations for agricultural universities in India, attain self-sufficiency in food grain production and proved to be the harbinger of a new era of Indo-US relations through the Green Revolution.
Radiochemistry of Monoclonal Antibody Labeling

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to tumor-associated antigens are useful for targeting radionuclides to tumors for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. MoAbs have been radiolabeled with numerous gamma-, beta-, alpha-, positron-, and Auger electron-emitting radionuclides. Key radionuclide examples for each type of emission are shown in Table 1. Some radionuclides, e.g., iodine-131 (131I), exhibit both beta and gamma emissions and, therefore, may be used for both radioimmunodiagnosis (RID) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The chemical properties of the radionuclides listed in Table 1 are very different, and consequently different radiolabeling methods must be used. The purposes of this paper are to review the radiochemistry involved in labeling MoAbs with several of the radionuclides commonly used in nuclear medicine and to examine some special techniques aimed at increasing the tumor-to-nontumor concentration ratios obtained with radiolabeled MoAbs.
Post-Hysterectomy Incontinence

A 54-yr-old woman presents for a second opinion concerning her urinary incontinence, which started after an abdominal hysterectomy. She notes increased leakage with cough, sneeze, and laugh but notes that she seems to have leakage even when still and at night in bed. She cannot recall any time that she is actually completely dry. On exam, she has urine in the vaginal vault but does leak per urethra with straining. She has significant urethral hypermobility. An intravenous pyelogram is normal. A cystogram shows contrast entering the vagina. Cystoscopy shows two small ostia in the bladder base away from the ureteral orifices.
The Clinical Use of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in Neonatal Assessment

ABSTRACT.Since their introduction more than ten years ago, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have become an increasingly valuable tool in neonatal assessment. A wide variety of clinical pictures warrant the use of the BAEP. In general, these will fall into one or both of the following overlapping groups; audiological and neurological.This paper will review the literature and focus on various pediatric diseases that influence the BAEP and translate into either a peripheral or central hearing loss and/or brainstem neurologic dysfunction.
First-Line Antiarrhythmic Transplacental Treatment for Fetal Tachyarrhythmia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the most effective and best tolerated first‐line antiarrhythmic treatment for fetal tachyarrhythmia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was t...
Evaluation of information presented within soft tissue sarcoma histopathology reports in the United States: 2012‐2015

Despite the existence of the American College of Veterinary Pathology guidelines for tumour biopsy specimens, anecdotally the authors' have seen inconsistency of reporting of information on the pathology report for canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). If crucial aspects are not reported this can result in slower or impeded patient care. This retrospective study evaluated 255 STS histopathology reports submitted from across the United States. Reports were evaluated by a single observer to assess for information contained in 5 main categories: patient history and signalment, gross and microscopic description, grading, histologic margins and the comments section. Inclusion criteria for histopathology reports included a final diagnosis of STS, having a microscopic description and resulting from the initial surgical resection. The majority of the reports stated the patient signalment (91.2%) and clinical history (90.8%). However, only 64.8% of the reports had a gross description of the specimen. Histologic margin description was present in 229 reports (91.6%), however, only 149 reports (59.6%) stated an objective measurement of these margins. Histologic classification was stated in 50.0% of the reports, while grade was given on 97.2% of the reports. Variability in histopathologic reporting including histologic margin description for resected canine STS was identified. Given surgical treatment is the mainstay for STS and histopathological assessment plays an important role in determination of whether additional surgery, radiation or chemotherapy is needed. Standardization or checklists like the American College of Pathology utilize may be helpful to ensure histopathologic characteristics are reported that may guide further treatment recommendations.
Challenges for architectural level power modeling

The power aware design of microprocessors is becoming increasingly important. Power aware design can best be achieved by considering the impact of architectural choices on power early in the design process. A natural solution is to build a power estimator into the cycle simulators that are used to gauge the effect of architectural choices on performance. Cycle simulators intentionally omit considerable implementation detail in order to be efficient. The challenge, is to select the details that must be put back in if the simulator is required to also produce meaningful power figures. In this paper we propose how to augment a cycle simulator to produce these power figures.
Goodness of Fit and Parameter Uncertainty

After calculating the best-fit values of model parameters, it is necessary to determine whether the model is actually a correct description of the data, even when we use the best possible values for the free parameters. In fact, only when the model is acceptable are best-fit parameters meaningful. The acceptability of a model is typically addressed via the distribution of the χ2 statistic or, in the case of Poisson data, of the Cash statistic. A related problem is the estimate of uncertainty in the best-fit parameters. This chapter describes how to derive confidence intervals for fit parameters, in the general case of Gaussian distributions that require χ2 minimization, and for the case of Poisson data requiring the Cash statistic. We also study whether a linear relationship between two variables is warranted at all, providing a statistical test based on the linear correlation coefficient. This is a question that should be asked of a two-variable dataset prior to any attempt to fit with a linear or more sophisticated model.
Elementary Learning and Behavioral Plasticity

This chapter presents an overview of elementary learning and behavioral plasticity. Most, if not all, species of animals with nervous systems appear to have the ability to learn and their nervous system is highly plastic. In current usage, plasticity can refer to virtually any form of change in the nervous system or behavior, ranging from axon sprouting and modification of dendritic spines, through changing levels of neurotransmitters and their enzymes, to human learning and memory. The term behavioral plasticity was introduced in 1890 to refer to any meaningful change in behavior. There are two major forms of elementary behavioral plasticity. In one form, exemplified by habituation and sensitization, a change is induced in an already existing response to a stimulus. This form is nonassociative: other responses are not involved. In the other form, exemplified by classic conditioning, a new response is brought out. This form is associative: a new stimulus–response relationship is established. The general term often used for this category is associative plasticity or associative learning. Habituation appears to be the most ubiquitous form of behavioral plasticity.
Influence of Aerodynamics and Proximity Effects in Quadrotor Flight

The dynamic response and performance of a micro UAV is greatly influenced by its aerodynamics which in turn is affected by the interactions with features in the environment in close proximity. In the paper we address the modeling of quadrotor robots in different flight conditions that include relative wind velocity and proximity to the ground, the ceiling and other robots. We discuss the incorporation of these models into controllers and the use of a swarm of robots to map features in the environment from variations in the aerodynamics.
Macroinvertebrate assemblages from two sampling methods similarly discriminated freshwater wetlands with different ecosystem status in south Texas

Resacas of the lower Rio Grande River (secondary channels, distributaries, oxbow lakes) are vital freshwater wetlands under intense anthropogenic pressure. Many of these wetlands have their water levels tightly managed and some are being restored. Reliable bioassessment methods to effectively discriminate among resacas of differing ecological status are needed. Common components of bioassessments for aquatic ecosystems include surveys of biological communities, among which the macroinvertebrates are generally considered the most accurate. The macroinvertebrate community of resacas is virtually undocumented and various sampling methods have never been used in parallel. Here we used two popular sampling techniques (benthic corer and dip net), while producing the first portrait of the macroinvertebrate community inhabiting resacas. Despite sampling different invertebrate assemblage subsets, both methods discriminated among studied resacas in a similar manner; however, the corer presents several advantages including: 1) a much higher precision (based on coefficients of variation), 2) more adequate representation of an indicator species (invasive gastropod), and 3) clearer differences in functional feeding groups among resacas which constitutes an additional indicator metric.
Elucidating the kinetics of sodium fluorescein for fluorescence-guided surgery of glioma.

OBJECTIVEThe use of the optical contrast agent sodium fluorescein (NaFl) to guide resection of gliomas has been under investigation for decades. Although this imaging strategy assumes the agent remains confined to the vasculature except in regions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, clinical studies have reported significant NaFl signal in normal brain tissue, limiting tumor-to-normal contrast. A possible explanation arises from earlier studies, which reported that NaFl exists in both pure and protein-bound forms in the blood, the former being small enough to cross the BBB. This study aims to elucidate the kinetic binding behavior of NaFl in circulating blood and its effect on NaFl accumulation in brain tissue and tumor contrast. Additionally, the authors examined the blood and tissue kinetics, as well as tumor uptake, of a pegylated form of fluorescein selected as a potential optical analog of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents.METHODSCohorts of mice were administered one of the following doses/fo...
Why Counselors Need Training in Cultural Sensitivity

The rapidly growing influx of minorities in our educational institutions representing a variety of cultural backgrounds presents a new dimension to professional counseling. In this new arena it is ...
UNIT 15.1 Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse

This unit details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using intact proteins or peptides from the two major myelin proteins: proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Detailed materials and methods required for the purification of both PLP and MBP are also described. A protocol for isolating CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes in EAE mice is included. Modifications of the specified protocols may be necessary for efficient induction of active or adoptive EAE in other mouse strains. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 88:15.1.1-15.1.20. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: CFA; complete Freund's adjuvant; CNS; central nervous system; EAE; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; MBP; myelin basic protein; MOG; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; PLP; proteolipid protein
How Should We Study Relational Structure? Critically Comparing the Epistemological Positions of Social Network Analysis and Field Theory:

I argue that the main difference between two schools of relational sociology – field theory and social network analysis – lies in the difference between their respective epistemological stances rat...
Aβ(M1-40) and Wild-Type Aβ40 Self-Assemble into Oligomers with Distinct Quaternary Structures.

Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) self-assemble into polymorphic species with diverse biological activities that are implicated causally to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synaptotoxicity of AβO species is dependent on their quaternary structure, however, low-abundance and environmental sensitivity of AβOs in vivo have impeded a thorough assessment of structure–function relationships. We developed a simple biochemical assay to quantify the relative abundance and morphology of cross-linked AβOs. We compared oligomers derived from synthetic Aβ40 (wild-type (WT) Aβ40) and a recombinant source, called Aβ(M1–40). Both peptides assemble into oligomers with common sizes and morphology, however, the predominant quaternary structures of Aβ(M1–40) oligomeric states were more diverse in terms of dispersity and morphology. We identified self-assembly conditions that stabilize high-molecular weight oligomers of Aβ(M1–40) with apparent molecular weights greater than 36 kDa. Given that mixtures of AβOs derived from both peptides have been shown to be potent neurotoxins that disrupt long-term potentiation, we anticipate that the diverse quaternary structures reported for Aβ(M1–40) oligomers using the assays reported here will facilitate research efforts aimed at isolating and identifying common toxic species that contribute to synaptic dysfunction.
The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to valuable products is a centerpiece of future energy technologies that relies on identification of new catalysts. We present accelerated screening of Cu bimetallic alloys, revealing remarkable sensitivity to alloy concentration that indicates the migration of alloying elements to critical sites for hydrocarbon formation.
Restoration of Global Sagittal Alignment After Surgical Correction of Cervical Hyperlordosis in a Patient with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report.

Case We report a rare cervical hyperlordotic deformity in a 19-year-old woman with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and concomitant scoliosis. After standard posterolateral instrumentation and fusion of C2-T1 and extensive soft-tissue release, her neck pain improved and unassisted maintenance of cervical alignment and horizontal gaze were preserved through an 8-year follow-up. More importantly, she exhibited reciprocal correction of compensatory global sagittal malalignment, including lumbar lordosis. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of full-spine analysis for all patients with spinal deformity to identify and differentiate primary driver(s) of deformity from compensatory mechanisms to individualize treatment toward what truly drives the patient's disability.