cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predation on Eggs and Larvae of Marine Fishes and the Recruitment Problem

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses predation as a factor that may regulate levels of recruitment or generate variations in it. It also discusses predation on fish eggs and larvae as an ecological process and review what is known of its importance in the dynamics of fish populations. Only rarely has predation been recognized in past conceptual models dealing with recruitment variations, but it is increasingly viewed as an important factor influencing egg and larval survival. To manage exploited fishes, it is important to understand the causes of changes in abundance and to know whether the observed changes are natural or induced by man. Predation, including cannibalism, is especially important from a manager's perspective because it is often proposed as a cause of density-dependent regulation in stock-recruitment relationships. Multi-species interactions that focus on predator-prey relationships are of increasing interest, especially when fishing pressure on one species may influence the abundance of other species. This chapter examines predation on fish eggs and larvae by invertebrate predators and fishes. Primary focus is on mid- to high-latitude marine fishes. The chapter discusses the types of predators on fish eggs and larvae and assesses how ecological and behavioral interactions influence the vulnerability of individuals and populations. It then reviews methods and discusses problems of studying the impact of predation on egg and larval survival in the sea. In the end, there is discussion about adaptations of fishes to avoid predation on early life stages, processes of starvation versus predation, and the role of predation in regulating fish recruitment.
Reinnervation and Revascularization in Engineered ACL Healing

The nerve and blood supply of the ACL are important for its optimal function. The mechanoreceptors of the ACL help guide the surrounding musculature to stabilize the knee and keep it within a healthy sphere of motion. The blood supply is critical for maintaining a nutritional flow and supporting the reparative cells within the graft. Thus, restoring and maintaining these functions after injury are important. In this chapter, we will review what is known about the fate of the nerve and blood supply of the ACL after injury, as well as after ACL reconstruction. Early data on the response of the blood supply and nerve fibers after bio-enhanced ACL repair are also be presented.
Stiffness of PQFP 'gull-wing' lead and its effect on solder joint reliability

A 12*12 stiffness matrix of the gull-wing lead and solder joint in a plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) surface-mount assembly was obtained by using a three-dimensional finite-element method. Deformation of the composite structure for each imposed unit displacement (or rotation) then obtained. The whole-field stress distributions in the gull-wing and solder joint provide a better understanding of their characteristics. The results presented herein can provide guidelines for the design of PQFP gull-wing leads and solder-joint reliability. >
Persisting neurobehavioral effects of developmental copper exposure in wildtype and metallothionein 1 and 2 knockout mice

Metallothioneins (MT) are small proteins, which are crucial for the distribution of heavy and transition metals. Previously, we found in mice that knockout of MT 1 and 2 genes (MTKO) impaired spatial learning and potentiated the learning impairment caused by developmental mercury exposure. The current study examined the neurocognitive and neurochemical effects of MTKO with the developmental copper (Cu) supplementation. Wildtype (WT) and MTKO mice were given supplemental Cu (0, 10 or 50 mg/l) in their drinking water during gestation and until weaning. When the mice were young adults they were trained on the win-shift 8-arm radial maze test of spatial learning and memory. After cognitive testing, their brains were analyzed for norepinepherine, dopamine and serotonin levels. In the spatial learning test, wildtype mice showed the normal sex difference with males performing more accurately than the females. This effect was eliminated by MTKO and restored by moderate Cu supplementation during development. In neurochemical studies, MTKO caused a significant overall increase in serotonin in all of the regions studied: the frontal cortex, posterior cortex, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, and brainstem. MTKO also caused a significant increase in norepinepherine in the brainstem and hippocampus. In wildtype mice, Cu supplementation during development caused a significant decline in dopamine and norepinepherine in the midbrain and dopamine in the frontal cortex. These effects were blocked by MTKO. The normal sex difference in spatial working memory accuracy, which was eliminated by MTKO, was restored by moderate copper supplementation. MTKO increased serotonin across all brain areas studied and increased norepinepherine only in the hippocampus and brainstem. MTKO blocked copper-induced decreases in dopamine and norepinepherine in the midbrain and dopamine in the frontal cortex.
Network equivalence for a joint compound-arbitrarily-varying network model

We consider the problem of finding the capacity of noisy networks under the presence of Byzantine adversaries, modeled by a joint compound channel and arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) model. This extends our earlier work which considers these models only in isolation. The motivation for this setup is that typically the adversary first selects an arbitrary subset of edges from the network and then specifies adversarial transmissions to each of the selected edges. We show that in some cases equivalence between this network and another network holds in the sense that for a fixed selection of adversarial edges the noisy links can be replaced by noiseless bit-pipes with a capacity equal to the random coding capacity of the corresponding AVC. In particular, the capacity region for the noisy network can be outer bounded by the intersection of the individual capacity regions for the noiseless case, for each adversarial edge selection. Moreover, if the network is fully connected, we also show that this upper bound is equivalent to the capacity of the noisy network. We also provide necessary and sufficient condition for full connectivity, making use of a new condition for an AVC termed overwritability.
How economics can shape precision medicines

Many public and private efforts in coming years will focus on research in precision medicine, developing biomarkers to indicate which patients are likely to benefit from a certain treatment so that others can be spared the cost—financial and physical—of being treated with unproductive therapies and therapeutic signals can be more easily uncovered. However, such research initiatives alone will not deliver new medicines to patients in the absence of strong incentives to bring new products to market. We examine the unique economics of precision medicines and associated biomarkers, with an emphasis on the factors affecting their development, pricing, and access.
Avoidant coping moderates the relationship between stress and depressive emotional eating in adolescents.

Background Studies with adults support an association between emotional eating and avoidant and emotion-focused coping styles. While an avoidant coping style has been identified as a risk-factor for eating disorders in adolescents, no studies to date have specifically examined the relationship between coping styles and emotional eating in this population. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether coping styles moderate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescents.
Carotid Stenosis: Role of Plaque Morphology in Recurrent Stroke Risk.

A 74-year-old woman with past medical history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia developed transient left arm weakness and slurred speech. Computed tomography (CT) of the head was unremarkable, and the patient was referred for outpatient workup. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a few days later showed numerous small diffusion positive lesions in the right middle cerebral artery distribution. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed bilateral carotid bulb stenosis (35% to 40% stenosis on the left and 50% stenosis on the right). CT angiogram (CTA) was ordered to clarify the percentage stenosis and need for intervention. In the meantime, her aspirin dose was increased from 81 to 325 mg. She was not on a statin. Five days after the MRI, the patient awoke complaining of pixilated vision. In the emergency room, a CT of the head showed a small subacute right parietal infarct. Immediately after CT, she developed a flaccid left hemiparesis (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 7). She was not given tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) because of her recent stroke and was transferred to a Comprehensive Stroke Center for possible endovascular intervention. On arrival at the Stroke Center, she had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 15 with forced gaze deviation, left homonymous hemianopsia, left hemiparesis, dysarthria, left sensory loss, and neglect. Emergent MRI/magnetic resonance angiography of the brain showed a large right middle cerebral artery infarct and an occluded right internal carotid artery. There was no significant penumbra, and therefore, revascularization was not attempted. Her hospital course was complicated by cerebral edema, which was treated with hypertonic saline and aspiration pneumonia requiring prolonged intubation. She required a gastrostomy tube for feeding and was discharged to a skilled nursing facility with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 12. At 3 months, she had a modified …
Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Young Healthy Male Following Use of Pre-Workout Supplement Animal Rage XL.

ABSTRACT So-called “pre-workout” supplements are substances marketed as natural dietary supplements with claims of helping athletes achieve more focused and intense workouts. The use of such products remains popular among American youth as a whole, but is especially high among active duty service members. Supplements are minimally regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and unlike pharmaceuticals, supplements are often brought to market without any testing to show neither efficacy nor safety. Several case reports have documented serious adverse events and raise the question of whether supplement use was a causative factor. Reported events occurring after use of pre-workout supplements include, among others, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, hepatitis, and death. Here, we present the case of a healthy 25-year-old active duty male who experienced a bilateral cerebellar hemorrhagic stroke occurring shortly after taking a supplement named Animal Rage XL. Hemorrhagic stro...
Sex and corruption: how sexism shapes voters’ responses to scandal

Conventional wisdom suggests that voters rarely punish politicians for involvement in sex scandals. Yet, we argue that some voters are likely to hold politicians accountable for their moral transgr...
Imaging appearance of well-differentiated liposarcomas with myxoid stroma

Describe the imaging appearance of well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid stroma (WDLMS) and correlate with histopathology. A keyword search of the institution medical records was performed from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2017. The histopathology slides of cases identified in this fashion were then reviewed by a pathologist. Additional cases were prospectively collected from extramural referrals and tumor boards. Diagnostic imaging studies of pathologically proven cases of WDLMS were then reviewed in consensus and correlated with pathology. Ten cases of pathologically proven WDLMS were identified (7 men, 3 women, ages 26–81). Tumor location included the retroperitoneum (n = 5), thigh (n = 4), and the shin (n = 1). Nine patients had macroscopic fat on imaging. The nonlipomatous components had a variable appearance, including septal, nodular, and lacelike patterns. Two cases included two distinct areas that were predominantly myxoid or lipomatous (“bi-morphic”). One tumor had no macroscopic fat on imaging. On CT, the nonlipomatous nodular components were hypodense/had hypodense areas. On MRI, the nodular components had intermediate/bright T2W signal. Interval nonlipomatous nodular growth was identified in 3 cases. WDLMS may present on imaging as a mass with variable morphology and amounts of nonlipomatous components. Histopathological diagnosis of WDLMS is challenging and imaging correlation may be helpful, as this tumor may have ≥50% fatty volume, may have a myxoid nodular component or bi-morphic appearance, or may be located in the retroperitoneum, features that are unusual for myxoid liposarcoma. WDLMS with a nodular component cannot be distinguished from dedifferentiated liposarcoma based on imaging alone.
The use of liquid-based cytology in cervical cancer screening.

The methods with which clinicians screen for cervical cancer have undergone a significant evolution since the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test in 1941. Between 1955 and the mid-1980s, cervical cancer incidence decreased by approximately 74%, a result mainly attributable to use of Pap testing in clinical practice. After a brief plateau, a further decline in cervical cancer was observed with the introduction of liquid-based cytology (LBC), the first major advance in nearly 50 years in cervical cancer screening technology. The ThinPrep® Pap test (Hologic, Inc, Marlborough, MA) was the first of this new methodology to gain approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for use in cervical cancer screening. This test provides clinicians a more sensitive and specific methodology with which to diagnose cervical dysplasia. Subsequently, the SurePath® Pap test (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was approved. Today, LBC accounts for over 90% of the Pap tests performed in the United States. This is largely a result of the improvement in overall clinical benefit and versatility of LBC compared with conventional Pap tests. This supplement reviews the technology behind these advances, the imaging systems used for improved sample processing, and the clinical data comparing LBC with the conventional Pap test to detect precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. LBC is also discussed in conjunction with molecular-based detection of high-risk human papillomavirus, the causative agent of cervical cancer. Finally, implementation of LBC in clinical practice is discussed, as recommended by professional societies.
Reply to Molitor, "Susceptibility Categories Should Be Agreed Upon".

I am happy that Dr. Molitor found the comic contrasting the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (CLSI-AST) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) definitions of “I” valuable ([1][1], [2][2]). My
Opioid prescribing patterns and overdose deaths in Texas.

AbstractBackground: Opioid use disorder has recently been declared a public health emergency, yet it is unknown whether opioid prescribing patterns have changed over time. Our objective is to exami...
Body appreciation and body dissatisfaction between maltreated and comparison adolescents

Abstract Body image, both positive and negative, is a salient issue in adolescence and can affect mental health as well as mental health can affect body image. Although maltreated youth are known to have serious mental health problems, very little research has explored body image problems in this population. This study explored the association between maltreatment and both body appreciation and body dissatisfaction as well as the relationship between BMI percentile and both body appreciation and body dissatisfaction. Data came from a study on the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development, and participants included child welfare-affiliated maltreated youth (N = 299) and comparison youth (N = 148) ages of 9–13 years. Linear regression was used to evaluate if BMI percentile and maltreatment status were related to body appreciation and body dissatisfaction, while also evaluating the influence of age, race, pubertal development, and depressive symptoms. The analyses were stratified by sex. Maltreated boys reported lower body appreciation than the comparison boys. Latina girls reported lower body appreciation compared to White, Black, or biracial/multiethnic girls. As depressive symptoms increased, body appreciation decreased and body dissatisfaction increased for both boys and girls. BMI was not associated with body appreciation or body dissatisfaction. Interventions that address body image should not only focus on decreasing body dissatisfaction but should also work to promote positive body image or body appreciation. These interventions should target boys and girls and all ethnicities/races, especially maltreated boys and Latinas, as well as address depression symptoms along body image problems.
Characteristics of Faculty at Risk of Leaving Their Medical Schools: An Analysis of the StandPoint™ Faculty Engagement Survey.

Purpose This study seeks to identify the characteristics and attitudes of faculty in US medical colleges who are at risk of leaving their institution. Methods This research leverages data from the AAMC StandPoint Faculty Engagement Survey administered to 37,779 faculty representing 36 institutions participating during 2013-2016. Univariate and multivariable robust logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of the intent to leave based on the question: "Do you plan to leave this medical school in the next 1-2 years?". Results Thirty percent (n=5559/18,475) of faculty responded that they were considering leaving their institution. Thirty-one percent of female faculty vs 29% of male faculty expressed an intent to leave. At-risk faculty were likely to be at junior faculty rank and at their institutions for 6-15 years vs other time periods (OR=1.16; p≤0.001). Having an administrative title (OR=0.72; p≤0.001) and receiving formal mentorship (OR=0.65; p≤0.001) were protective. Finally, faculty answering "disagree" or "strongly disagree" to any one of these StandPoint Survey questions were at > 6 fold risk of expressing an intent to leave: 1) I am satisfied with my opportunities for professional development, 2) I feel appreciated by my supervisor, 3) My day-to-day activities give me a sense of accomplishment. Conclusion Faculty expressing an intent to leave their institution have an identifiable profile. Top concerns of at-risk faculty relate to supervisory relationships and growth opportunities rather than compensation or governance. Institutional leaders should consider these factors in the development of a proactive strategy to retain talented faculty.
Red blood cell and platelet transfusion support in the first 30 and 100 days after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant.

Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients often require substantial but variable transfusion support. Study design and methods This single-center, retrospective study evaluated the red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusion data of first-time allo-HSCT recipients transplanted in 2011 to 2017. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between patient and transplant-related factors and transfusion requirements. Results The study included 1762 patients who received peripheral blood stem cells (88.2%), marrow (7.0%), or umbilical cord (4.8%) from matched related (38.3%), unrelated (49.2%), or haploidentical (7.8%) donors. Almost all patients required RBCs (88.3%) or PLTs (97.4%) during the first 30 days, with medians of 3 (range, 1-37) RBC and 6 (range, 1-144) PLT units transfused. Fewer patients required RBC (43.8%) or PLT (27.3%) transfusions during Days 31 to 100, but the median (range) numbers of RBC and PLT units remained high at 3 (1-36) and 6 (1-116) among transfused patients. RBC and PLT transfusion independence was reached in medians of 24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22-26) and 12 (95% CI, 11-12) days, respectively. Haploidentical donor, cord graft, and requiring RBC transfusions in the 10 days before HSCT were the most significant independent factors predictive of increased transfusion requirements. Advanced disease, diagnosis, ABO incompatibility, conditioning intensity, CD34+ cell dose, presence of severe acute graft-vs-host disease, and changes in recommended transfusion triggers were also shown to independently impact transfusion requirements. Conclusions This study provided for the first time quantitative and comparative transfusion data on a large contemporary cohort of HSCT recipients, including haploidentical and cord graft recipients, and identified factors predictive of increased transfusions.
Molecular frequency reference at 1.56 μm using a 12 C 16 O overtone transition with the noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy method.

We report on a molecular clock based on the interrogation of the 3ν rotational-vibrational combination band at 1563 nm of carbon monoxide C1612O. The laser stabilization scheme is based on the noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) technique in frequency modulation (FM) saturation spectroscopy. We use a high-finesse ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass optical cavity with CO as the molecular reference for long-term stabilization of the cavity resonance. We report an Allan deviation of 1.8×10-12 at 1 s that improves to ∼3.5×10-14 with 1000 s of averaging.
Invisible forces: gender, race, and congressional staff

This project adopts theories of gendered and racialized professionalism to make visible and evaluate gender, race, and congressional staff as key and intersecting forces in the function and outcome...
Hylemorphic animalism

Roughly, animalism is the doctrine that each of us is identical with an organism. This paper explains and defends a hylemorphic version of animalism. I show how hylemorphic animalism handles standard objections to animalism in compelling ways. I also show what the costs of endorsing hylemorphic animalism are. The paper’s contention is that despite the costs, the view is worth taking seriously.
Enhanced Traction Stability Control System

This paper is directed to an Enhanced Traction Stability Control System (ETSC) that is based on the estimate of vehicle yaw rate and does not require yaw rate or lateral accelerometer sensors information. The validity of the yaw rate estimate is determined and used to select the appropriate control methodology. We estimate the vehicle yaw rate based on the measured speeds of the un-driven wheels of the vehicle, and we utilize various other conditions to determine if the estimated yaw rate is valid for control purposes. When it is determined that the yaw rate is valid, a combined closed-loop yaw rate feedback, and an open-loop feed-forward derivative control based on the driver input is employed. Whereas in conditions under which it is determined that the estimated yaw rate is not valid, an open-loop feed-forward control with a proportional, derivative and a diminishing integrator terms, is employed. In addition, we develop a bank angle compensation algorithm using the steering angle, vehicle speed, and the estimated yaw rate to compensate for the effect of banked road. Test results indicate marked enhancement of vehicle stability with ETSC when compared with ABS and TCS. Finally, we present test results to compare the performance of ETSC system to yaw rate feedback control only Electronic Stability Control System (ESC) using yaw rate and lateral accelerometer sensors information.
Learning from More than Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation: Twenty Lessons for the Future

Since 1948, the federal government has assumed an increasingly dominant role in efforts to control pollution of surface waters in the United States. Over that half century, the federal role has evolved from research support and anancial grants to states, to federal efouent standards and a national permit requirement, and, more recently, to enforcement of a mandate to achieve water quality standards. This Article describes the evolution of federal water pollution control legislation in the United States. It focuses particularly on the 1972 statute prescribing feasibility-based controls for point sources and its 1977 modiacation, the increasing concern with toxic pollution in the 1980s, and recent litigation requiring total maximum daily loads for waters that fail to meet water quality standards. The Article then examines this description to evaluate the accomplishments and failures of each step in the legislative evolution, and to extract practical lessons so that future water pollution control legislation may be successful.
Quality of Acute Care for Patients With Urinary Stones in the United States

Objective To describe guideline adherence for patients with suspected upper tract stones. Patients and Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of visits recorded by the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (emergency department [ED] component) in 2007-2010 (most recent data). We assessed adherence to clinical guidelines for diagnostic laboratory testing, imaging, and pharmacologic therapy. Multivariable regression models controlled for important covariates. Results An estimated 4,956,444 ED visits for patients with suspected kidney stones occurred during the study period. Guideline adherence was highest for diagnostic imaging, with 3,122,229 (63%) visits providing optimal imaging. Complete guideline-based laboratory testing occurred in only 2 of every 5 visits. Pharmacologic therapy to facilitate stone passage was prescribed during only 17% of eligible visits. In multivariable analysis of guideline adherence, we found little variation by patient, provider, or facility characteristics. Conclusion Guideline-recommended care was absent from a substantial proportion of acute care visits for patients with suspected kidney stones. These failures of care delivery likely increase costs and temporary disability. Targeted interventions to improve guideline adherence should be designed and evaluated to improve care for patients with symptomatic kidney stones.
Indices of Neural Function in Autism: Clinical and Biologic Implications

In contrast to neuroanatomic and neuroimaging studies, which have identified abnormalities in the limbic system and cerebellum in autism, physiologic studies have revealed abnormalities of the cerebral cortex and, in particular, of association cortex. Electroencephalogrphic studies in the autistic population have reported a significant incidence of abnormalities involving the cerebral cortex. More specific studies of neural function using evoked potentials, positron emission tomography (PET), and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have identified abnormalities involving association cortex. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY Electroencephalography (EEG) was one of the earliest techniques used to investigate the neurobiology of autism. The recognition of a high incidence of EEG abnormalities and of seizure disorders in the autistic population was among the earliest evidence of a biologic basis for this disorder. One of the first of these studies appeared in 19641 and reported EEG abnormalities in 58% and epilepsy in 19% of the 58 young autistic children in their series. The EEG abnormalities consisted of generalized paroxysmal spike and wave activity in the majority of cases, with the remainder having a spike or slow wave focus. In the ensuing decade, the incidence of abnormal EEGs in various series ranged from 10% to 83%, depending on the method of subject selection and the criteria for interpretation of the EEGs.1-8 The seizure frequency ranged from 19% to 25% in these studies. In 1975, Small9 reported paroxysmal EEG abnormalities (focal spike, paroxysmal spike and wave, and multifocal spike activity) in 65% of 147 autistic children studied with repeated EEGs. Two technical factors were found to be significant in the EEG status of these cases, the most important of which was the number of recordings.
Cancellation of periodic disturbances with time-varying frequencies and/or time-varying plants

The paper reviews approaches for periodic disturbance rejection. Under consideration are algorithms for the cancellation of disturbances with unknown and time-varying frequencies, and for the cancellation of disturbances affecting unknown and time-varying plants.
Giant Dipole Resonances in Excited Nuclei

Since 1981 [1], many experiments have demonstrated the universal nature of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in the high energy γ-decay of highly excited, equilibrated nuclei formed in heavy ion reactions. Typically the GDR is excited along with other degrees of freedom, so that its decay leaves the nucleus in an excited state. The signature of GDR decay is high energy (Eγ ~ 10–30 MeV) γ-emission. As in photoabsorption in the giant resonance region, other multipoles contribute only weakly, while non3tatistical emission processes such as pre-equilibrium giant resonance excitation and/or nuclear bremstrahlung are appreciable only at higher bombarding energies. The effect of GDR decay shows up as a “bump” for Eγ ~ ED (~80A-1/3 MeV in medium-heavy nuclei) on an otherwise exponentially decaying spectrum, and the shape of the bump reflects the average shape of the GDR built on excited states, which may be extracted by a statistical model analysis of the measured spectrum shape. Statistical evaporation or high energy γ rays with Eγ ~ ED > En ≅ Bn + 2T (Bn=neutron binding energy, T = temperature) is favored to occur at the earliest stage of the evaporation process; as a result, the spectrum shape is characteristic of the properties of the highly excited nucleus.
Interpreting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Foreword Introduction 1. Nuclear Energy and International Law 2. Approach to Interpretation 3. Nuclear-Weapon States' Nuclear policy and Interpretation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty 4. Legal Analysis of Nuclear-Weapon States' Interpretations of the Non-Proliferation Treaty 5. Developments After 2008: Change and Continuity
Anatoly Serdyukov and the Russian Military

The military reforms introduced, with mixed success, by Anatoly Serdyukov have left the Russian military with enormous problems and are now being dismantled by Serdyukov's successor.
Oral Cavity Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma.

A case of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the oral cavity is described in this sine qua non radiology-pathology correlation article. CT demonstrated a solid and cystic mass arising from the mandible. Histology demonstrated variably-sized nests of clear to pale eosinophilic cells with occasional central necrosis embedded in a hyalinized to fibrocellular stroma. The specimen was also positive for the characteristic rearrangement of the EWSR1 (22q12) locus in 93.5 % of interphase cells.
Radiometric considerations in remote sensing

The need for accurate radiometric data for the verification and use of scene radiation models is emphasized. The radiometric problems associated with reflectance and atmospheric correction field measurements and sensor calibration are reviewed. Estimates are made of the attainable accuracy in each case under favorable conditions. The loss in radiometric accuracy by resampling procedures in digital imagery processing is discussed.
Quantitative study of bone activity in the diabetic rat mandible: triple fluorochrome study.

Abstract Variations in the bone remodeling capabilities of alloxan diabetic and nondiabetic albino rats were assessed by use of a triple fluorochrome labeling technique. Statistical analysis revealed that alloxan diabetes significantly impaired the turnover and remodeling rates of endosteal and periosteal bone (
Investigation of Laplacian gauge fixing for U(1) and SU(2) gauge fields.

The Laplacian gauge on the lattice is investigated numerically using U(1) and SU(2) gauge fields. The problem of Gribov ambiguities is addressed and, to assess the smoothness of the gauge-fixed configurations, they are compared to configurations fixed to the Landau gauge. The results of these comparisons with the Landau gauge indicate that Laplacian gauge fixing works very well in practice and offers a viable alternative to Landau gauge fixing. In particular we never found Gribov copies using the Laplacian gauge.
PS1-32: Deconstructing Medical Home’s Impact on Cost of Care: Where Do Savings Come From?

Background/Aims Early evidence suggests that a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) has the potential to improve quality of care while reducing cost. However, it is unclear how PCMH achieves such desirable outcomes, particularly in regards to its impact on cost of care. In this study, we examined claims data from Geisinger Health System’s version of PCMH, known as ProvenHealth Navigator® (PHN) to answer the following questions: 1) From the perspective of a primary care clinic, what is the overall total cost savings associated with exposure to PHN; and 2) where do the cost savings come from? In answering the latter question, we deconstruct the total cost savings into their major component parts and examined the association separately between the clinic’s exposure to PHN and each cost component.
Relationship between satellite-derived land surface temperatures, arctic vegetation types, and NDVI

Arctic vegetation distribution is largely controlled by climate, particularly summer temperatures. Summer temperatures have been increasing in the Arctic and this trend is expected to continue. Arctic vegetation has been shown to change in response to increases in summer temperatures, which in turn affects arctic fauna, human communities and industries. An understanding of the relationship of existing plant communities to temperature is important in order to monitor change effectively. In addition, variation along existing climate gradients can help predict where and how vegetation changes may occur as climate warming continues. In this study we described the spatial relationship between satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST), circumpolar arctic vegetation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). LST, mapped as summer warmth index (SWI), accurately portrayed temperature gradients due to latitude, elevation and distance from the coast. The SWI maps also reflected NDVI patterns, though NDVI patterns were more complex due to the effects of lakes, different substrates and different-aged glacial surfaces. We found that for the whole Arctic, a 5 °C increase in SWI along the climate gradient corresponded to an increase in NDVI of approximately 0.07. This result supports and is of similar magnitude as temporal studies showing increases of arctic NDVI corresponding to increases in growing season temperatures over the length of the satellite record. The strongest positive relationship between NDVI and SWI occurred in partially vegetated and graminoid vegetation types. Recently deglaciated areas, areas with many water bodies, carbonate soil areas, and high mountains had lower NDVI values than predicted by SWI. Plant growth in these areas was limited by substrate factors as well as temperature, and thus is likely to respond less to climate warming than other areas.
In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Brucite Carbonation in Dry to Water-Saturated Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

In geologic carbon sequestration, whereas part of the injected carbon dioxide will dissolve into host brine, some will remain as neat to water saturated supercritical CO2 (scCO2) near the well bore and at the caprock, especially in the short term life cycle of the sequestration site. Little is known about the reactivity of minerals with scCO2 containing variable concentrations of water. In this study, we used high-pressure infrared spectroscopy to examine the carbonation of brucite (Mg(OH)2) in situ over a 24 h reaction period with scCO2 containing water concentrations between 0% and 100% saturation, at temperatures of 35, 50, and 70 °C, and at a pressure of 100 bar. Little or no detectable carbonation was observed when brucite was reacted with neat scCO2. Higher water concentrations and higher temperatures led to greater brucite carbonation rates and larger extents of conversion to magnesium carbonate products. The only observed carbonation product at 35 °C was nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O). Mixtures of nesq...
Population Dynamics of the Sting Nematode in California Turfgrass

Bekal, S., and Becker, J. O. 2000. Population dynamics of the sting nematode in California turfgrass. Plant Dis. 84:1081-1084. Population densities of Belonolaimus longicaudatus were monitored at monthly intervals at the Tamarisk country club golf course (1993 to 1994) and at the Annenburg Estates and Desert Island golf courses (1998). All three courses are located at Rancho Mirage, Coachella Valley, CA. The bermuda grass in the sampling area typically exhibited chlorosis at the beginning of April when the sting nematode populations began to increase. At the Tamarisk golf course, population density peaked in October, with 1,000 nematodes per 100 cm 3 of soil, but declined rapidly, with the lowest population density occurring in D ecember with approximately 50 nematodes per 100 cm 3 of soil. At the Annenburg Estates and Desert Island golf courses, the nematode population densities peaked in June and July but declined rapidly to less than half of that density, presumably because of B. longicaudatus-caused host decline. Soil temperature and fluctuation of nematode densities were significantly correlated at all locations. Nematode distribution was greatest in the top 15 cm of soil except during the hottest summer months, when the population was higher at depths of 15 to 30 cm.
SPARC/osteonectin is a frequent target for aberrant methylation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and a mediator of tumor–stromal interactions

Deregulated expression of SPARC/osteonectin, a secreted glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, has been associated with the progression of various cancers. Using microarrays, we previously identified SPARC as one of the genes induced by treatment with a DNA methylation inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells. We therefore analysed the expression pattern and methylation status of the SPARC gene in pancreatic cancer. Gene expression profiling by oligonucleotide microarray and reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that SPARC mRNA was expressed in non-neoplastic pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, but was not expressed in a majority of pancreatic cancer cell lines. The loss of SPARC expression was associated with aberrant hypermethylation of its CpG island. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that the SPARC protein was overexpressed in the stromal fibroblasts immediately adjacent to the neoplastic epithelium in primary pancreatic cancers, but rarely expressed in the cancers themselves. Primary fibroblasts derived from pancreatic cancer strongly expressed SPARC mRNA and secreted SPARC protein into the conditioned media, and treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with exogenous SPARC resulted in growth suppression. SPARC expression in fibroblasts from noncancerous pancreatic tissue was augmented by coculture with pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggest that SPARC is a frequent target for aberrant methylation in pancreatic cancer and that SPARC expression in fibroblasts adjacent to pancreatic cancer cells is regulated through tumor-stromal interactions.
Black market exchange rates versus official exchange rates in testing purchasing power parity: an examination of the Iranian rial

(1993). Black market exchange rates versus official exchange rates in testing purchasing power parity: an examination of the Iranian rial. Applied Economics: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 465-472.
Preparation of multilayered materials in cross-section for in situ TEM tensile deformation studies

The success of in-situ transmission electron microscopy experimentation is often dictated by proper specimen preparation. We report here a novel technique permitting the production of cross-sectioned tensile specimens of multilayered films for in-situ deformation studies. Of primary importance in the development of this technique is the production of an electron transparent micro-gauge section using focused ion beam technology. This microgauge section predetermines the position at which plastic deformation is initiated; crack nucleation, growth and failure are then subsequently observed.
Speedy simple technique for subungual blister evacuation in epidermolysis bullosa.

From Sc Fund Conf Corre D fl, THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE Even with the best skin care, patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) develop blisters (Fig 1). Evacuation is recommended toprevent blister enlargement and for symptomatic relief. Subungual blisters are uncommon, but pose aunique therapeutic challenge inEB.Nail procedures canbedifficult toperform on infants and young children.Nail avulsion requires a digital nerve block and can result in significant nail bed trauma.Distal subungual needle insertion carries a riskofnailbedneedlepuncture.Optimal treatment avoids unnecessary trauma, especially maneuvers that may lead to the iatrogenic blister formation.
Dynamics of a supercooled ionic liquid studied by optical and dielectric spectroscopy.

We have measured the dynamics of solvation of a triplet state probe, quinoxaline, in the glass-forming ionic liquid dibutylammonium formate near its glass transition temperature Tg = 153 K. The Sto...
Malignant cerebral edema in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage associated with hypertonic saline infusion: A rebound phenomenon?

SummaryHypertonic saline was recently introduced as a new hyperosmolar agent for treatment of intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema. It has the potential to cause a rebound phenomenon similar to other osmotic agents. The authors report on two patients with cerebral edema caused by hypertensiv
Compression of arbitrary cutting planes

Summary form only given. We present an efficient algorithm for compressing the data necessary to represent an arbitrary cutting plane extracted from a three-dimensional curvilinear data set. The cutting plane technique is an important visualization method for time-varying 3D simulation results since the data sets are often so large. An efficient compression algorithm for these cutting planes is especially important when the simulation running on a remote server is being tracked or the data set is stored on a remote server. Various aspects of the visualization process are considered in the algorithm design, such as the inherent data reduction in going from 3D to 2D when generating a cutting plane, the numerical accuracy required in the cutting plane, and the potential to decimate the triangle mesh. After separating each floating point number into mantissa and exponent, a block sorting algorithm and an entropy coding algorithm are used to perform lossless compression.
Direct numerical simulation of nucleation and three-dimensional, diffusion-controlled growth on disk microelectrodes

Chronoamperometric studies of nucleation and growth on disk microelectrodes are simulated for the case of instantaneous nucleation followed by diffusion-controlled growth. In addition to current-transient results, the potential impact of the electrode-edge effect on the particle-size statistics is shown. A dimensionless analysis of the problem is also given, illustrating the importance of the product of electrode surface area and nucleus density on the chronoamperometric response. Simulation results are compared to a previously derived theory, showing the limited conditions under which the theory should be applicable.
Dynamic analysis of adhesively bonded joint under solid projectile impact

Abstract A three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to study the transient stress distribution of adhesively bonded joints under solid projectile impact. The influence of the processing parameters is numerically studied including the thickness of the adhesive layer, the solid projectile size and its velocity, the material properties of the adhesive, and the strain-rate effect on the dynamic stress of the joint. The numerical results show that there exists a complex 3-D stress state in the adhesively-bonded joints under the solid projectile impact. When the solid projectile touches the joint surface, a stress concentration is imparted at the location of contact. The maximum stress of the adhesive layer varies with time as a function of the impinging solid projectile such that the location moves farther from the center of the overlap zone after the solid projectile rebounds from the joint surface. A lower stress is expected at the adhesive layer for low-modulus adhesives with respect to the case for high-modulus adhesives under the same transverse impact load. The numerically-modeled transverse deflection of the single-lap joint for the three impactor sizes with different kinetic energies and three adhesive types was in good agreement with the experimentally observed values. Experiments were performed by using developed equipment for impact testing and a high frame rate videography. The proposed dynamic model is useful in providing a reference for the design of adhesively-bonded structures.
Probing submicron forces by interferometry of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms

We propose a technique, using interferometry of Bose-Einstein condensed alkali atoms, for the detection of submicron-range forces. It may extend present searches at 1 micron by 6 to 9 orders of magnitude, deep into the theoretically interesting regime of 1000 times gravity. We give several examples of both four-dimensional particles (moduli), as well as higher-dimensional particles---vectors and scalars in a large bulk---that could mediate forces accessible by this technique.
Cursed Duet: HIV Infection and Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains a health problem of extraordinary magnitude, especially in developing countries. Unfortunately, many of the same countries have the additional burden of a remarkably high prevalence of HIV infection. Because of the inherent capacity of tubercle bacilli to take advantage of deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity, tuberculosis has become an extremely important infectious complication of HIV disease in those developing countries in which the two infections coexist; the same is true, although to a lesser extent, in developed countries among those groups of patients with HIV infection in which there is also a high prevalence of remotely acquired tuberculosis. Prof. Chretien helped call attention to the link between tuberculosis and HIV infection in France. Now, it is obvious that his cogent observations extend to much of the rest of the world.
Positive effects of conflict: A cognitive perspective.

Managers rated the extent to which conflict produces both positive and negative effects. Results indicated that they rated several negative effects significantly higher than any positive effects. However, virtually all managers reported personal experiences in which conflict yielded beneficial outcomes. These and other findings suggest that practicing managers perceive conflict as having the potential to yield positive as well as negative effects. A review of recent literature on human cognition identified several factors that may play a role in determining whether conflict yields predominantly positive or negative effects. These factors include the impact of strong negative emotions on cognition, stereotype-driven thinking, and attributional processes. Techniques for modifying conflict situations so that they are more likely to result in positive effects are suggested.