cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Work Practice with the Elderly Substance Abuser

ABSTRACT A surprising number of elderly people suffer from substance-related disorders. Many more are at risk for developing poly drug problems due to their misuse and abuse of alcohol in combination with prescription medications and over-the-counter preparations. The purpose of this article is to update social workers on advances in geriatric addictionology by reviewing current epidemiological studies and extracting practice principles. Particular emphasis is placed on what the social work practitioner needs to know about screening elderly clients for substance abuse. The article concludes with specific recommendations to advance social work education and research in the field of addictions treatment.
Lacunarity of certain partition-theoretic generating functions

We consider a certain family of infinite products, denoted f a,b , which were introduced by Han as a generalization of the Nekrasov-Okounkov formula. Extending the work of Serre on powers of Dedekind's η-function, we investigate the integers a and b for which "almost all" of the Fourier coefficients of f a,b are zero (forms with this property are referred to as lacunary). We give the complete list of pairs (a,b), where b is odd, for which f a,b is lacunary.
EARLY EVENTS IN THE INDUCTION OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY BY HYDROCORTISONE IN EMBRYONIC CHICK NEURAL RETINA

Primary cultures of 10-day embryonic chick neural retinas were used to investigate early aspects of the mechanism of hydrocortisone action on glutamine synthetase activity. As little as 2 hr of hydrocortisone exposure served to initiate significant increases in the glutamine synthetase activity levels assayed after 24 hr culture. Time course studies indicated that the increase in glutamine synthetase activity observed after 24 hr in culture resulted from a two-phase rise in activity and that cycloheximide was effective in suppressing the second-phase rise. Additional inhibition studies demonstrated that the second-phase increase in enzyme activity required continuous protein synthesis during the initial 6 hr. The evidence suggests a mechanism of hydrocortisone action involving the production of a protein which is important for the induction of glutamine synthetase activity by hydrocortisone.
Asymptomatic neurocutaneous melanocytosis in patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi: A study of cases from an Internet-based registry

Background Recent retrospective studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) among neurologically asymptomatic children with large congenital melanocytic nevi (LCMN) report high prevalence (23-30%) of asymptomatic NCM. We sought to determine prevalence of asymptomatic NCM, and current application of MRI as a screening tool. Methods Patients with LCMN from an Internet-based registry answered a questionnaire regarding NCM status. Results Of 379 patients with LCMN, 26 reportedly had NCM, with 17 reporting neurologic symptoms. Of 186 patients undergoing MRI, 9 reported abnormal findings without neurologic symptoms (4.8%); 80% had LCMN on the posterior axis, whereas 55% had more than 20 satellite nevi. Limitations Study data rely on the registry members' self-reported findings and are limited by lack of independent data verification. Conclusion Asymptomatic NCM (determined by MRI) may not be common, with much lower prevalence (4.8%) than previously reported. MRI is widely used for screening patients at risk for NCM, such as patients with LCMN involving the posterior axis and greater than 20 satellite nevi.
Absence of the plasma sheet at lunar distance during geomagnetically quiet times

Abstract Plasma data from the Apollo XIV Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE) are presented to show that contrary to previously published analyses the plasma sheet does not extend to the lunar orbit with a thickness of 8 R H . Two electron spectral types are observed: (1) low energy photoelectrons with no statistically significant medium and high energy fluxes, and (2) double peaked medium and high energy electrons. The second type is observed either coincident with auroral substorms or at the center of the tail during quiet times. These spectra are one to several orders of magnitude less intense than plasma sheet spectra measured near 20 R E .
Antiandrogen blocks estrogen‐induced masculinization of the song system in female zebra finches

Song behavior and the neural song system that serves it are sexually dimorphic in zebra finches. In this species, males sing and females normally do not. The sex differences in the song system include sex differences in the proportion of neurons that express androgen receptors, which is higher in specific brain regions of males. Estradiol (E2) administered in early development profoundly masculinizes the song system of females, including the proportion of neurons expressing androgen receptors. We examined whether or not the expression of these androgen receptors was causally related to the E2-induced masculinization of this system by coadministering Flutamide, which blocks androgen action at the receptor, along with E2 at hatching. E2 alone had its usual masculinizing effect on the female song system, measured in adulthood: increasing the size of song nuclei, the size of neurons in HVC, RA, and lMAN, and the number of neurons in HVC. E2's masculinizing action, however, was significantly diminished on all measures by coadministering Flutamide. Indeed, females receiving both E2 and Flutamide were never significantly more masculine than controls on any measure. Flutamide alone had no effect. Our results strongly suggest that the activation of androgen receptors is necessary for the E2-induced masculinization of the song system in females. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 51: 1–8, 2002
Superconductor IR Detector Research

This paper is concerned with testing and characterizing superconducting thin films as infrared detectors. A laboratory test facility has been designed, assembled, and checked out at the Infrared Laboratory of the Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona. Several superconducting thin films have been installed in the test facility and subjected to preliminary testing. None of these films were specifically designed to be infrared detectors and there was no reason to expect high performance from them. The tests, however, served to confirm the ability of the test setup to obtain accurate, repeatable, reliable detector-performance data.
Quantitative brain measurements in community-dwelling elderly persons with mild parkinsonian signs.

Background Mild parkinsonian signs (MPS) are a marker of incident dementia. They have been linked with cerebrovascular disease, which can be evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, if MPS are a marker for developing Alzheimer-type changes, hippocampal volume on MRI might be diminished in individuals with MPS. Objective To examine white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and total hippocampal volume in elderly individuals with and without MPS. Methods Community-dwelling elderly persons in northern Manhattan (New York), New York, underwent neurologic examination and brain MRI. The WMH volume (derived from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery–weighted MRIs using a semiautomated thresholding approach) and total hippocampal volume (derived manually) were expressed relative to total cranial volume. Results Mild parkinsonian signs were present in 111 of 666 participants (16.7%). Mean (SD) relative WMH volume was larger in participants with MPS vs those without MPS (1.70 [1.28] vs 1.17 [1.18]; P P = .004). In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, total relative hippocampal volume was similar in participants with MPS vs those without MPS regardless of cognitive status. Conclusions In this MRI study of community-dwelling elderly persons, WMH volume was associated with MPS and total relative hippocampal volume was not. These data raise the possibility that vascular disease could have a role in the development of MPS.
A Unified Approach for Predicting Long- and Short-Term Capability Indices with Dependence on Manufacturing Target Bias

It is shown that the exact solution for the capability index (CPI) for Gaussian-distributed process with target bias can be expressed in terms of an unbiased CPI and a normalized target bias. The principal advantage of this specific formulation is that it facilitates evaluation of the degradation of the capability of the process due to bias between process mean and the process target. It is shown how this formalism, initially developed for the short-term process, is readily extended to long-term process for which the distribution is Gaussian. Readily isolated in the latter case are the two long-term CPI degrading effects, namely, process instability and target bias. Sufficient conditions to guarantee that long-term processes are distributed as Gaussian are discussed. Within the context of these assumed conditions, a new paradigm for a long-term locator ‘‘’’ is proposed. For a three sigma process the results indicate that the exact CPI model is a less pessimistic predictor than both of the industry CPI models tested.
Analysis of an elementary reaction mechanism for benzene oxidation in supercritical water

A benzene supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) mechanism, based on published low-pressure benzene combustion mechanisms and submechanisms describing the oxidation of key intarmediates, was developed and analyzed to determine the controlling reactions under SCWO conditions of 750–860 K, 139–278 bar, and equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2.5. To adapt the combustion mechanims to the lower temperature ( 220 bar) conditions, new reaction pathways were added, and quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel theory was used to calculate the rate coefficients and, hence, product selectivities for pressure-dependent reactions. The most important difference between the benzene oxidation mechanism for supercritical water conditions and those for combustion conditions is reactions in supercritical water involving C 6 H 5 OO predicted to be formed by C 6 H 5 reacting with O 2 . Through the adjustment of the rate coefficients of two thermal decomposition pathways of C 6 H 5 OO, whose values are unknown, the model accurately predicts the measured benzene and phenol concentration profiles at 813 K, 246 bar, stoichiometric oxygen, and 3–7 s residence time and reproduces the finding that the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds that of carbon monoxide at all reaction conditions and levels of benzene conversion. Comparison of the model predictions to benzene SCWO data measured at several different conditions reveals that the model qualitatively explains the trends of the data and gives good quantitative agreement without further adjustment of rate coefficients.
How pathogens expolit interactions mediated by SH3 domains

An important event in signal transduction is the binding of SH3 domains, found in viral proteins such as v-Src and v-Crk, to proline-rich sequences. Recently, proline-rich proteins that bind host-cell SH3 domains have been identified in a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Exploitation of SH3-mediated interactions by pathogens may be more common than previously suspected.
Post-Flashover Compartment Fires: Application of a Theoretical Model

Numerical solutions of the post-flashover fire are considered and a computer program is presented. The solutions are compared with experiment and the sensitivity of the solutions to a number of variables is discussed. It is shown that increasing the ventilation may either increase or decrease fire intensity, and the importasnce of the ventilation controlled phase of the fire is discussed. Application of the model to calculate the expected time-temperature history is illustrated and its significance is discussed. The deterministic approach is compared with a new method for calculating the most severe fire by letting one variable take any value between certain limits. The latter method is called pessimization. The significance for designers is noted.
Methylation of Histone H3 by Coactivator-Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1†

The preferential in vitro methylation of histone H3 by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) has been proposed as a basis for its ability to enhance gene transcription [Chen, D., et al. (1999) Science 284, 2174−2177]. To further evaluate the significance of H3 methylation, we studied the kinetics and site specificity of its modification by CARM1. Affinity-purified CARM1 methylated recombinant chick H3, which is free of posttranslational modifications, and calf thymus H3, which is heterogeneous with regard to preexisting modifications, equally well, exhibiting a Vmax of 4500 pmol min-1 (mg of enzyme)-1 and an apparent Km for H3 of ≤0.2 μM. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of CARM1 toward H3 was at least 1000 times that toward R1 (GGFGGRGGFGG-amide), a highly effective substrate for protein arginine methyltransferase 1. Peptide mapping of 3H-methyl-labeled H3 indicated methylation at Arg-2, Arg-17, and Arg-26 in the N-terminal region and at one or more of four arginines (128/129/131/...
Effects on alcohol use and anxiety of the September 11, 2001, attacks and chronic work stressors: A longitudinal cohort study

Objectives. We hypothesized that chronic stressors associated with an everyday social role (work) would interact with a traumatic macrosocial stressor (the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001) in predicting mental health status (during the fall of 2001).Methods. We used mail surveys returned as part of wave 3 of a workplace cohort study, both before and after September 11, 2001, to assess decision latitude, sexual harassment, generalized workplace abuse, psychological distress, and alcohol use. We also used regression analyses to assess the main effect of September 11 and interactions between September 11 and stressors, after control for baseline mental health.Results. The main effect of September 11 on elevated alcohol use was significant for women but not for men. For women, work stressors significantly interacted with experiencing the events of September 11 to affect alcohol use and anxiety outcomes.Conclusions. Women experiencing chronic work stressors were most vulnerable to elevated psychologica...
Investigation of the importance of high-level injection in abrupt HBTs

Abstract This note examines the assertion made in the literature that in HBTs high-level injection effects are negligible due to the high doping levels in the base relative to the emitter. The extent of applicability of this assertion to abrupt HBTs is investigated by deriving an expression for the hole concentration at the space-charge region boundary in the base and using it to compute the collector current that is valid for all injection levels. The results from this new approach are compared with those from existing models. It is established that high-level injection effects do indeed become negligible beyond a high enough base-doping level relative to the emitter. However, significant contribution from such effects is observed at reasonable base-doping levels for abrupt HBTs.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FRANCHISOR‐FRANCHISEE RELATIONSHIP

The franchising process is essentially an attempt to “reproduce” in another location, a successful “model”. As such, it is heavily dependent on the effective transfer of knowledge and skills from one location to another. The training and development process, then, is at the centre of attempts to ensure accurate “reproduction”. In this context, training and development have been widely touted; for example, a recent International Franchise Association survey ranked them as highly important communication mechanisms.
Self-calibrating technique for terahertz time-domain material parameter extraction

This manuscript introduces a self-calibrating technique for terahertz (THz) time-domain material characterization in transmission mode. The self-calibrating technique utilizes the relations between the multiple transmissions of a transient plane wave through a sample under test in order to extract its material properties. The method presented in this paper is particularly useful in reducing the time required for simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy scans, since existing characterization methods require the knowledge of the waveform of both the plane wave transmitted through a reference sample and the waveform of the plane wave transmitted through the sample under test. The technique presented also ameliorates the problem caused by differences between sample and reference signals due to power and time drifts inherent in a THz system, hence reducing artifacts in the characterization results.
Re-examination of the Fe{001}1×1−O structure

Abstract A recent first-principles total-energy calculation predicting a 23% expansion of the first Fe-Fe interlayer spacing in the Fe{001}1×1−O structure has led us to re-examine our 1977 LEED analysis of this structure, which had found a 7.7% expansion of that spacing. The new analysis is based on the same experimental data used in the early analysis, but expanded over an energy range almost twice as large; it tests parameter values reaching to and beyond the values predicted by the total-energy calculation; it takes into account possible multilayer relaxation of the Fe substrate and uses three reliability factors. The results discriminate strongly against the total-energy structure, and confirm and improve the 1977 structure. The interlayer distances are: 0.45 A for O-Fe, 1.55 A for the first and 1.47 A for the second Fe-Fe layer (bulk value 1.43 A), with an estimated accuracy of ±0.04 A.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, behavior, and new directions for the treatment of mental disorders.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family of survival-promoting molecules, plays an important role in the growth, development, maintenance, and function of several neuronal systems. The purpose of this article is to point out evidence for the involvement of this molecule in the maintenance of normal cognitive and emotional functioning, and to outline recent developments using BDNF, or the regulation of endogenous BDNF expression, in the treatment of a variety of mental disorders. This article discusses the important role of BDNF in neuronal growth and survival, in modulating neurotransmission, in activity-directed synaptic remodeling, and in adult neurogenesis. We next outline evidence for the involvement of BDNF in complex behaviors such as learning, feeding, locomotion, responses to painful stimuli, and the management of severe stress. Finally, our review focuses on the involvement of BDNF in treatments for clinical depression and other chronic neurodegenerative processes. We discuss the way that current and future treatment development can be guided by our growing understanding of this molecule's actions in the brain and the ways the expression of BDNF can be regulated.
Urinary Free 18-Hydroxy-ll-Desoxycorticosterone Excretion in Normal and Hypertensive Patients

One hundred fourteen hypertensives and 20 normal controls were examined using a new clinical technique of measuring 24-h urinary free 18-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) excretion in response to dietary salt manipulations and ACTH injections. The object was to avoid potential errors of random plasma sampling. Mean urinary free 18-OH-DOC in normals on 110 milliequivalent sodium diet was 1.84 ± 0.69 μg (mean ± SD) and represented about 2% of the daily secretion rate of this steroid. Both in normals and hypertensives, urinary free 18-OH-DOC approximately doubled on low salt (P < 0.01 for each) and rose about 10 times in response to ACTH injection (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Plasma and urinary free 18-OH-DOC showed good correlation in patients with essential hypertension on a low salt diet (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Suppressed renin patients showed no propensity toward excess 18-OH-DOC excretion and hypertensives with elevated 18-OH-DOC could not be distinguished by their aldosterone levels, ...
Electrodeposition of a PbTe/CdTe superlattice by electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD)

Abstract A PbTe/CdTe superlattice was deposited using the electrochemical form of atomic layer deposition (E-ALD). The E-ALD program consisted of 15 periods of 5 cycles of CdTe and 15 cycles of PbTe, grown on a 15 cycle PbTe pre-layer formed on 200 nm of Au vapor deposited on glass. The cycle used for CdTe nanofilm formation involved ramped potentials, that is, the potentials used to deposit Cd and Te were incremented negatively for each of the first 20 cycles. After 20 cycle the potentials were held constant for all the remaining cycles, and resulted in a stoichiometric and homogeneous CdTe deposit, as shown by Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Peaks corresponding to the cubic phase of CdTe were observed in the XRD pattern of the CdTe, with the (1 1 1) dominant. Optical studies of the CdTe revealed a band gap of 1.5 eV. The PbTe/CdTe superlattice was formed using the period above fifteen times. Deposition potentials, current–time traces and elemental coverages are described. The superlattice was determined to be stoichiometric, as determined by EPMA. The superlattice X-ray diffraction pattern displayed satellite peaks on the (1 1 1) peak, as symmetric shoulders, indicating a period of 11 nm, rather than the anticipated 6 nm.
Evolution of a reaction center in an explosive material

Consideration is given to the spatial structure and temporal evolution of a reaction center for a model involving Arrhenius kinetics. The center, which is characterized by peaks in pressure and temperature with little diminution in local density, is found to have one of two possible self-similar structures. The analysis uses a combination of asymptotics and numerics and terminates when pressure and temperature in the reaction center have peaked.
Factors affecting the efficiency of abrasive type dehulling of grain legumes investigated with a new intermediate sized, batch dehuller

An intermediate-sized, batch dehuller capable of processing 2-8 kg of a wide variety of cereal or legume grains was developed. Grains are dehulled by abrasion provided by abrasive wheels (10 in, diam) mounted on a horizontal shaft. The dehuller was successfully applied to eight legume grains varying widely in seed characteristics. The yield of dehulled grain after at least 90% of the hull had been removed, ranged from 74-89%. Dehulling efficiency, a measure of the amount of hull in the abraded material, ranged from 0.11-0.72. Multiple-regression analysis showed that greater than 75% of the variability in dehulling efficiency or yield could be accounted for by seed hardness and resistance to splitting of the seed into individual cotyledons.
Learning approaches for detecting and tracking news events

The authors extend existing supervised-learning and unsupervised-clustering algorithms to allow document classification based on the information content and temporal aspects of news events. They've adapted several IR and machine learning techniques for effective event detection and tracking. The article discusses our research using manually segmented documents.
Plant Community Composition as a Predictor of Regional Soil Carbon Storage in Alaskan Boreal Black Spruce Ecosystems

The boreal forest is the largest terrestrial biome in North America and holds a large portion of the world’s reactive soil carbon. Therefore, understanding soil carbon accumulation on a landscape or regional scale across the boreal forest is useful for predicting future soil carbon storage. Here, we examined the relationship between floristic composition and ecosystem parameters, such as soil carbon pools, the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of live black spruce needles, and normalized basal area increment (NBAI) of trees in black spruce communities, the most widespread forest type in the boreal forest of Alaska. Variability in ecosystem properties among black spruce stands was as large as that which had previously been documented among all forest types in the central interior of Alaska; we found an eightfold range in NBAI and fivefold range in mineral soil carbon and nitrogen pools. Acidic black spruce communities had significantly more carbon in the organic soil horizon than did nonacidic black spruce communities, but did not differ in any other measured ecosystem parameter. We explained 48% of the variation in total soil carbon with a combination of plant community indices and abiotic and biotic factors. Plant community composition was at least as effective as any single environmental factor or stand characteristic in predicting soil C pools in Alaskan black spruce ecosystems. We conclude that among the community properties analyzed, the presence of key groups of species, overall species composition, and diversity of certain functional types, especially Sphagnum moss species, are important predictors of soil carbon sequestration in the black spruce forest type.
Expectation-maximization approach to target model generation from multiple SAR images

A key issue in the development and deployment of model-based automatic target recognition (ATR) systems is the generation of target models to populate the ATR database. Model generation is typically a formidable task, often requiring detailed descriptions of targets in the form of blueprints or CAD models. Recently, efforts to generate models from a single 1-D radar range profile or a single 2-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image have met with some success. However, the models generated from these data sets are of limited use to most ATR systems because they are not three-dimensional. We propose a method for generating a 3-D target model directly from multiple SAR images of a target obtained at arbitrary viewing angles. This 3-D model is a parameterized description of the target in terms of its component reflector primitives. We pose the model generation problem as a parametric estimation problem based on information extracted from the SAR images. We accomplish this parametric estimation in the context of data association using the expectation-maximization (EM) method. Although we develop our method in the context of a specific data extraction technique and target parameterization scheme, our underlying framework is general enough to accommodate different choices. We present results demonstrating the utility of our method.
Ionizing radiation and ultrasonic evidence for a minimum unit of transforming principle DNA

Abstract Cyclotron particles have been used to obtain survival curves for dried pneumococcus transforming principle over a range of 10 5 to 10 7 in activity, with and without prior ultrasonic degradation of the TP. The survival curves for TP dried in yeast extract have at least two components of differing slopes, and a third very sensitive component appears when the TP is dried from 0.15 M NaCl. Resuspension, redrying, and further irradiation of previously bombarded samples gives curves with renewed multiple slopes. The smallest slope, which extends over several factors of 10 in activity, corresponds to a thin target of the dimensions of DNA, with a target molecular weight about 3·10 5 . (D 37 = 3·10 6 rad) Ultrasonic treatment inactivates the TP readily. It has not, however, reduced the slope of the 300,000 mol.wt. component, nor reduced its absolute level of activity when the unirradiated control is 90% inactivated by the ultrasonics. An explanation is suggested which fits the present data and leads to the conclusion that 300,000 is the minimum mol. wt. of a section of a DNA molecule required for streptomycin resistance transformation in pneumococcus.
COX-2 and beyond: approaches to prostaglandin inhibition in human disease

Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 afford relief from pain and inflammation. They could also prove useful in the chemoprevention of cancer and are being investigated in a range of neurological diseases. This novel class of drug is less likely to cause gastric ulceration than traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs). However, plausible mechanisms have been proposed whereby COX-2 inhibitors could cause thrombosis or renovascular hypertension in patients predisposed to these conditions. The limited data available with structurally distinct inhibitors in relevant populations are consistent with this possibility, although these might be partly explained by a cardioprotective effect of the tNSAID naproxen. This article will review the role of COX-2 inhibitors in a number of indications, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Mendelism: from hybrids and trade to a science

Abstract In this paper I explore the historical context in which news of the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws was received in England. This exploration leads me to the Cambridge zoologist, William Bateson, to his exploitation of the prestige and support of the Royal Horticultural Society, and to his interaction with certain of the leading horticultural tradesmen prominent in that society. I argue that the policy of the RHS in the 1890s to promote hybridisation rather than plant collecting was of crucial importance in bringing about a productive symbiosis between Bateson and his circle and the horticultural community. I look for parallels between the aims of the horticulturists and the character of the Mendelian programme as it is represented in Bateson’s foundational text: Mendel’s Principles of Heredity (1909).
Content distribution on the Web

The efficient distribution of content-any information that can be communicated electronically-has a promising future on the Web. Content includes the articles and literature we are accustomed to reading in newspapers, magazines, and books; the music we listen to on the radio; and the programs and movies we watch on television and in theaters. Because the Web greatly improves on existing information channels, it has the potential to become the primary medium for all forms of content.
Release of norepinephrine from rat hypothalamic slices: effects of desipramine and tyrosine

We studied the release of endogenous norepinephrine (NE) from rat hypothalamic slices. The slices were superfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer and field-stimulated with 960 or 1800 pulses applied 40 min apart. The spontaneous and stimulation-evoked overflow of NE into the medium were both enhanced by addition of a NE reuptake inhibitor, desipramine (10 microM). Repeated stimulations in the presence of desipramine decreased the evoked release of NE during the second and third stimulation periods (S2 and S3). The attenuation of NE release during S2 was not reversed by the addition of tyrosine (50 microM) to the medium.
Power to the computers: a revolution in history?

The first stage in the process of modernizing the historian's intellectual technology is over. No longer is the True Believer's claim to methodological superiority through the computer met by the Luddite's petulent insistence that the most important questions are important precisely because they cannot be quantified. Like the fountain pen and the typewriter before it, the computer is now accepted as a tool that can make a historian's life more pleasant and more productive. The question to be resolved in the next phase of the process is whether the forces activated by the increasing use of computers will or should, either through a sociological dislocation in the profession or a methodological reorientation of the craft, work a revolution in the way history is written. Will the New History be a social science?
Peer relationships as a context for the development of school engagement during early adolescence

Using data from 1,676 youth who participated in three waves (Grades 6 to 8) of the longitudinal, 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, we tested two series of hierarchal linear models to examine the role of peer support, associating with ‘‘problem-behaving’’ friends, and bullying involvement in the development of behavioral and emotional school engagement during early adolescence. Results indicated peer support positively predicted behavioral and emotional school engagement, whereas associating with problem-behaving friends and bullying involvement were negatively associated with both aspects of school engagement. When students were older, the positive influences of positive peer support on emotional engagement appeared stronger. Similarly, the negative influences of associating with problem-behaving friends on behavioral engagement became more detrimental over time. While girls and youth of higher family socioeconomic status (SES) tended to be more behaviorally and emotionally engaged than boys and yo...
A fuzzy statistical correlation-based approach to content-based image retrieval

This paper presents an effective fuzzy long-term semantic learning method for relevance feedback-based image retrieval. The proposed system uses a statistical correlation-based method to dynamically learn the semantic relations between any relevance feedback image pairs. The learned semantic relations are used to automatically expand the feedback set to balance the number of positive and negative images to improve the fuzzy SVM-based low-level learning. They are also used to more accurately estimate the semantic similarity between the query image and database images. The overall similarity score between query and database images is computed by combining both low-level visual and high-level semantic similarity measures. Our extensive experimental results show the proposed system achieves the best retrieval accuracy when compared with three peer systems.
Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metastasis Caused by Overexpression of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2

Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are signaling adaptors that play a major role in the metabolic and mitogenic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. Reports have recently noted increased levels, or activity, of IRSs in many human cancers, and some have linked this to poor patient prognosis. We found that overexpressed IRS-1 was constitutively phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo and that transgenic mice overexpressing IRS-1 or IRS-2 in the mammary gland showed progressive mammary hyperplasia, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Tumors showed extensive squamous differentiation, a phenotype commonly seen with activation of the canonical β-catenin signaling pathway. Consistent with this, IRSs were found to bind β-catenin in vitro and in vivo. IRS-induced tumorigenesis is unique, given that the IRSs are signaling adaptors with no intrinsic kinase activity, and this supports a growing literature indicating a role for IRSs in cancer. This study defines IRSs as oncogene proteins in vivo and provides new models to develop inhibitors against IRSs for anticancer therapy.
Comparison of β-aminoproprionitrile administration with copper-deficiency signs in the rat

Abstract Twenty-four weanling male Long-Evans rats were ad libitum fed either a copper-adequate diet (Cu+, n=12), a copper-deficient diet (Cu-, n=6), or a copper-adequate diet plus the lathrogen β-aminoproprionitrile in drinking water (BAPN-Cu+, n=6) for 6 wk. Cu- rats had depressed serum ceruloplasmin levels but increased heart weight and heart: body weights compared to Cu+ and BAPN-Cu+ rats. Hematocrit levels did not differ by treatment. BAPN-Cu+ rats had lower body weight compared to the other two treatments and lower heart weights compared to Cu+ rats. Serum cholesterol levels were increased in both Cu- and BAPN-Cu+ rats compared to Cu+ rats. Administration of BAPN does not tend to produce similar signs of copper-deficiency with the exception of its cholesterol raising effect.
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Using Learning for Delay-Sensitive Applications

In this paper, we model the various wireless users streaming delay-sensitive data in a wireless network as a collection of selfish, autonomous agents that strategically interact in order to acquire the spectrum opportunities. The spectrum allocation is coordinated by a central spectrum moderator which deploys an incentive compatible mechanism. We further model the repeated spectrum competition as a stochastic game through which we are able to characterize the interaction among wireless users. Based on the observed resource allocation and corresponding rewards from previous allocations, we propose a best response learning algorithm that can be deployed by wireless users to improve the accuracy of their private information at each stage. The simulation results show that by deploying the proposed best response learning algorithm, the wireless users can significantly improve their own performance.
Pipelined concurrent simulation on distributed-memory parallel computers

Presents a space- and time-efficient approach to fault simulation on distributed-memory message-passing parallel computers. The processors in the parallel machine, and the host, communicate in a pipelined fashion where each processor simulates only one partition of the circuit under consideration using the concurrent simulation approach. If good load balancing can be obtained, this approach leads to nearly linear speedup when a large number of vectors are simulated. Further, practical implementations of this approach uses memory in the parallel machine efficiently. A preliminary implementation of this approach on an Intel hypercube machine is then described. Experimental results obtained using the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits confirm the prediction that the actual speedup is primarily dependent on the load distribution across processors. Further, simple circuit partitioning heuristic is seen to provide moderate to good speedup in most cases. >
On the relationship between microstructure and electrical and hydraulic properties of sand-clay mixtures

A series of laboratory experiments, including measurements of electrical properties, permeability, and porosity, were performed on saturated sand-clay mixtures. Different mixtures and packing geometries of quartz sand and 0 to 10% Na-montmorillonite clay were investigated using solutions of CaCl2 and deionized water. Two main regions of electrical conduction exist: a region dominated by surface conduction and a region where the ionic strength of the saturating fluid controlled conduction. For low fluid conductivities, the sample geometry was found to greatly affect the magnitude of the surface conductance. The influence of the microstructural properties on the electrical properties was quantified by estimating formation factors, Λ-parameters, and surface conductances. The surface conductances estimated using the theory of Johnson et al. [1986] agreed well with measured values. We suggest that high and low bounds on the expected surface and bulk conductances in a natural system can be derived from the measurements on these artificial geometries.
Radiation standards and measurement techniques for personal-portable communications equipment

Radiation characteristics of personal-portable communications devices tend to vary more widely than perhaps any other operating parameter, and yet in many cases, this characteristic is the determining factor in the range and effectiveness of these devices. Recognizing this basic specification requirement, the electronic Industries Association's new proposed standard for personal-portable communications equipment includes an open-field measurements section. This section is devoted exclusively to radiation measurements for both receivers and transmitters.
Extinction and market forces: two case studies

Abstract Extinction defines a loss in biodiversity. An established economic model suggests that extinction can be avoided, even in common property settings, if the initial stock is sufficiently large that price and cost evolve to a non-extinction equilibrium. Alternatively, privatization has been suggested as a means to avoid extinction. The empirical validity of these conclusions are investigated by studying the collapse of two species that signaled the end of the United States frontier-the passenger pigeon and the buffalo. The historical studies suggest that the theoretical possibility of a non-extinction equilibrium is unlikely to hold in practice. Similarly, while privatization in a single species context may appear feasible, in a multi-species context the apparent profitability of privatization may be superseded and the species driven to extinction. The latter conclusion also depends on species-specific characteristics of minimum viable population size and habitat requirements.
An oligopolistic power market model with tradable NO/sub x/ permits

Models formulated as complementarity problems have been applied previously to assess the potential for market power in transmission-constrained electricity markets. Here, we use the complementarity approach to simulate the interaction of pollution permit markets with electricity markets, considering forward contracts and the operating reserve market. Because some power producers are relatively large consumers of permits, there could be interaction between market power in the permits and energy markets. Market power in the energy market is modeled using a Cournot game, while a conjectured price response model is used in the permits market. An illustrative application is made to Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection (PJM), which we represent by a 14-node dc load-flow model, and the USEPA Ozone Transport Commission NO/sub x/ Budget Program. The results show that forward contracts effectively mitigate market power in PJM energy market and both simulated solutions of perfect and Cournot (oligopoly) competition are a good approximation to actual prices in 2000, except that the Cournot model yielded higher peak prices. The NO/sub x/ market influences the Cournot energy market in several ways. One is that Cournot competition lowers the price of NO/sub x/ permits, which in turn affects on low- and high-emission producers differently. In general, because pollution permits are an important cost, high concentration in the market for such permits can exacerbate the effects of market power in energy markets.
Discussion of "Unmentalized aspects of panic and anxiety disorders".

© 2014 The American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Michael Robbins, M.D., is a psychoanalyst, formerly Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and UCSF, author of numerous articles including “The Successful Psychotherapy of a Schizophrenic Woman,” published in Psychodynamic Psychiatry (2012) and three books: Experiences of Schizophrenia (1993), Conceiving of Personality (1996), and The Primordial Mind in Health and Illness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (2011). ROBBINS DISCUSSION OF BUSCH AND SANDBERG
Correlation of Cytomorphology and Molecular Findings in EGFR+, KRAS+, and ALK+ Lung Carcinomas

Objectives: There is increasing emphasis on the subclassification of non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) and molecular features to guide treatment. Histologic studies have suggested some morphologic features predominating in tumors. Our aim was to determine if mutated cases had distinct cytomorphology. Methods: A retrospective study was designed to retrieve all cytopathology cases of NSCLC that had mutation studies for EGFR or KRAS or fluorescence in situ hybridization studies for ALK between 2007 and 2012. All slides from available mutation-positive cases were reviewed, and cytomorphologic features were correlated to mutation status. Results: Of the cases with molecular testing, 62 (39%) of 160 were positive for mutation, including 39 (31%) positive for KRAS , 20 (14%) for EGFR , and 4 (3%) for ALK (one case positive for both EGFR and ALK ). More of ALK + and KRAS + cases had a diagnosis of NSCLC–favor adenocarcinoma or NSCLC not otherwise specified than did EGFR + cases (25; 51% vs 5%). Eosinophilic granular cytoplasm was seen in more ALK and KRAS cases than in EGFR cases (100; 32% vs 6%). Conclusions: Cytologic features of ALK + and KRAS + tumors included more nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and a less vacuolated cytoplasm than did EGFR + tumors, which may explain the less definitive subclassification in ALK + and KRAS + tumors.
Atomistic simulation of nanomechanical properties of Alzheimer’s Aβ(1–40) amyloid fibrils under compressive and tensile loading

In addition to being associated with severe degenerative diseases, amyloids show exceptional mechanical properties including great strength, sturdiness and elasticity. However, thus far physical models that explain these properties remain elusive, and our understanding of molecular deformation and failure mechanisms of individual amyloid fibrils is limited. Here we report a series of molecular dynamics simulations, carried out to analyze the mechanical response of two-fold symmetric Abeta(1-40) amyloid fibrils, twisted protein nanofilaments consisting of a H-bonded layered structure. We find a correlation of the mechanical behavior with chemical and nanostructural rearrangements of the fibril during compressive and tensile deformation, showing that the density of H-bonds varies linearly with the measured strain. Further, we find that both compressive and tensile deformation is coupled with torsional deformation, which is manifested in a strong variation of the interlayer twist angle that is found to be proportional to both the applied stress and measured strain. In both compression and tension we observe an increase of the Young's modulus from 2.34 GPa (for less than 0.1% strain in compression and 0.2% strain in tension), to 12.43 GPa for compression and 18.05 GPa for tension. The moduli at larger deformation are in good agreement with experimental data, where values in the range of 10-20 GPa have been reported. Our studies confirm that amyloids feature a very high stiffness, and elucidate the importance of the chemical and structural rearrangements of the fibrils during deformation.
Citation footprints on the sands of time: An analysis of idea migrations in strategic management

We elucidate the intellectual progression of the strategic management field by examining knowledge flows to and from the Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) during the period 1980–2009. We provide a detailed mapping of the evolution of the intellectual structure of the field and identify its input-output dependency relationships with other fields. Analysis of citation data using three analytic techniques: log-multiplicative model, pathfinder analysis, and entropy analysis allow us to discern strategic management's influence on and engagement with other disciplines. The results show that, within the intellectual universe of strategic management, SMJ has played a central role, both as a source and storer of knowledge. We notice that, over time, there has been a decline in practitioner orientation, greater communication with finance and sociology, and increasing linkages with international business and entrepreneurship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing tidal harmonic analysis: Robust (hybrid L 1 =L 2 ) solutions

Abstract Traditional harmonic analysis of tides is highly sensitive to omnipresent environmental noise. Robust fitting is an extension of the ordinary least squares calculation of harmonic analysis that is more resistant to broad spectrum noise. Since the variance of the amplitude and phase is calculated from the power spectrum of the residual, a calculation that filters broad spectrum noise and reduces the residual variance will increase the confidence of the computed parameters, and also allows more low-amplitude constituents to be resolved from the background noise. Improvement in confidence and resolution of more constituents has obvious benefits to the resolution of both seasonal and long-term variation of amplitude and phase of tidal constituents. Using a 6 month calculation window, confidence intervals were systematically reduced by 30–85% over results calculated with standard methods, with an increase in resolved constituents of 20–75%. The analysis was carried out with Matlab, using the t-tide package [Pawlowicz, R., Beardsley, B., Lentz, S., 2002. Classical tidal harmonic analysis with errors in matlab using t-tide. Computers and Geosciences 28, 929–937], with modifications to accommodate Matlab's implementation of the Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares algorithm.