cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case report of Barth syndrome: a forgotten cause of cardiomyopathy.

Background Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by clinical features including cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, growth delay, and exercise intolerance. It is often considered to be a paediatric disease, owing to most cases being diagnosed during childhood and mortality being the highest during the first few years of life. Case summary We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy due to BTHS in a 27-year-old adult male patient, who initially presented with lightheadedness, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and bilateral lower extremity oedema. Key findings from investigations included leukopenia, prolonged QTc interval, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global enlargement of all heart chambers, patent coronary arteries, and mild pulmonary hypertension. The patient was diuresed to euvolemia and discharged with a LifeVest. Guideline-directed medical therapy was initiated and uptitrated as an outpatient. A repeat echocardiogram 2 years after initial presentation showed marked improvement in LVEF. Discussion It is possible that there are adult patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, which may be attributable to BTHS. In the absence of an obvious underlying cause, with the appropriate historical information, clinical exam, laboratory investigations, and imaging findings, BTHS should be considered as a likely cause of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Canonical Equation K22 for Random Matrices with Independent Pairs of Entries

In this chapter, we consider the most difficult part of our analysis, i.e., the case where the pairs of entries of random matrices are independent and their expectations are not, generally speaking, equal to zero. Matrices of this sort were first studied in [Gir34] in 1985. Unlike the case of symmetric random matrices with independent entries, the analysis of these matrices is quite complicated. Indeed, for symmetric random matrices the limit n.s.f. can be found with the help of certain canonical equations. At the same time, the calculation of n.s.f. for matrices with independent pairs of entries takes a great deal of analytic work.
An Architecture for Big Data Analytics

Big Data is the new experience curve in the new economy driven by data with high volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. They come from various sources that include the Internet, mobile devices, social media, geospatial devices, sensors, and other machine-generated data. Unlocking the value of Big Data allows business to better sense and respond to the environment, and is becoming a key to creating competitive advantages in a complex and rapidly changing market. Government is also taking notice of the Big Data phenomenon and has created initiatives to exploit Big Data in many areas such as science and engineering, healthcare and national security. Traditional data processing and analysis of structured data using RDBMS and data warehousing no longer satisfy the challenges of Big Data. Technology trends for Big Data embrace open source software, commodity servers, and massively parallel-distributed processing platforms. Analytics is at the core of exploiting values from Big Data to create consumable insights for business and government. This paper presents architecture for Big Data Analytics and explores Big Data technologies that include NoSQL databases, Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce.
Parity predict for 34 bit adders with selection

The authors consider 34 bit adder parity prediction schemes where the parity is predicted for either the 32 most significant or 32 least significant bits of the final 34 bit adder result, depending on the instruction being executed. Two parity prediction schemes are derived: one that considers the carries into the bytes and one that considers the carries into the nibbles. The two schemes save hardware and logic delay by grouping the adder bits common to both choices, rather than explicitly calculating the parity for the two separate 32 bit results and then choosing between them depending on the instruction performed. The hardware and its associated delay required to implement both parity predictors are of the same order of magnitude as for conventional 32 bit adder parity predictors. >
SIPCAn (Separation, Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Analysis): A One-Term, Integrated Project for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory

SIPCAn, an acronym for separation, isolation, purification, characterization, and analysis, is presented as a one-term, integrated project for the first-term undergraduate organic laboratory course. Students are assigned two mixtures of unknown organic compounds—a mixture of two liquid compounds and a mixture of two solid compounds—at the beginning of the term, with the overall objectives to separate the mixtures, and isolate, purify, characterize, analyze, and ultimately identify the four unknown compounds. Through the SIPCAn project, students learn many of the fundamental operations and techniques of the undergraduate organic laboratory, including simple distillation, liquid–liquid extraction, recrystallization, melting and boiling point range determination, spectral analysis, and spectral interpretation.
Molecular Interactions between T Cells and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes: Role of Membrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Cytokine-Activated T Cells

The mechanism of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) transformation into an inflammatory phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not fully understood. FLS interactions with invading leukocytes, particularly T cells, are thought to be a critical component of this pathological process. Resting T cells and T cells activated through the T-cell receptor have previously been shown to induce inflammatory cytokine production by FLS. More recently, a distinct population of T cells has been identified in RA synovium that phenotypically resembles cytokine-activated T (Tck) cells. Using time lapse microscopy, the interactions of resting, superantigen-activated, and cytokine-activated T cells with FLS were visualized. Rapid and robust adhesion of Tck and superantigen-activated T cells to FLS was observed that resulted in flattening of the T cells and a crawling movement on the FLS surface. Tck also readily activated FLS to produce interleukin IL-6 and IL-8 in a cell contact-dependent manner that was enhanced by exogenous IL-17. Although LFA-1 and ICAM-1 co-localized at the Tck-FLS synapse, blocking the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction did not substantially inhibit Tck effector function. However, antibody blocking of membrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the Tck surface did inhibit FLS cytokine production, thus illustrating a novel mechanism for involvement of TNF-α in cell-cell interactions in RA synovium and for the effectiveness of TNF-α blockade in the treatment of RA.
Leukemic Lymphoblastoma in a Calf: A Hematologic and Histologic Study

The pathology of diseases involving the lymphoid organs of human beings and of the lower animals is much confused. The excellent reviews of the subject of “leukosis” in cattle and calves by Jarmai (1) and by Dobberstein and Paarmann (2) have impressed us with the need for a comprehensive study of the histogenesis of the morbid process. In the present study, therefore, an attempt has been made to follow the histogenesis of the changes in the lymphoid tissues of a calf with leukemic lymphoblastoma and to correlate these changes with those in the peripheral blood. Material and Methods A calf about three months of age with generalized lymphadenopathy was obtained from a public stockyard. The blood was found to contain 24,000 leukocytes per cubic millimeter, 68 per cent of which were immature lymphocytes. Subsequent daily examinations of the blood included a determination of the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes per cubic millimeter and of the value for hemoglobin. The number of leukocytes and erythrocytes was determined with standard pipets; values for hemoglobin were determined by the Sanford-Sheard photo-electric hemoglobinometer, and the blood smears for the differential counts were prepared with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. To correlate the changes in the lymphatic tissue with those of the peripheral blood, three biopsies were performed on enlarged superficial lymph nodes; imprint preparations were made of the unfixed cut surfaces of the tissues, and these were stained with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. These stained preparations were studied with the same technic as was used for blood smears.
Chapter 21 The computation of equilibrium prices: An exposition

Publisher Summary A demonstration of the existence of equilibrium prices for a general Walrasian model of competitive behavior necessarily makes use of some variant of Brouwer's fixed point theorem as an essential step. The strategy for calculating equilibrium prices is to render that step constructive by a numerical approximation of the fixed point implied by Brouwer's theorem or one of its alternatives. This chapter provides a brief review of the competitive model and the role of fixed point theorems. For the purpose of computing equilibrium prices, the demand functions are frequently more natural to work with than the underlying utility function or preference relationship. A general equilibrium model is fully specified to obtain a numerical solution. On the consumer side, this is typically done by providing a numerical or algebraic description of the functions. A few examples of some of the more familiar utility functions and their associated demand functions are appropriate at this point. A model of equilibrium involves a number of consuming units, individuals, aggregations of individuals, or countries involved in foreign trade—each of whom has a stock of assets, prior to production and trade, and each of whose demands are functions of the prevailing prices. The market demand functions specify the total consumer demand, for the goods and services in the economy, as a function of all prices. The chapter also explains that market demand functions cannot be arbitrarily specified if they are derived from individual demand functions by the process of aggregation.
The psychological organization of multiple personality disordered patients as revealed in psychological testing.

The reader familiar with the borderline literature may see a correspondence between certain of our MPD/DD Rorschach results and typical borderline characteristics. Most notably, both groups reason and view others in unusual but not psychotic ways and demonstrate certain difficulties in affect integration. On the other hand, the MPD/DD group exhibits many attributes that contradict predictions one would make from a borderline perspective, and which support Kluft's assertion that the majority of these patients have a more complex and structured personality system. Rather than holding oversimplified attitudes, they are attuned to the subtleties of experience. Their generally introversive personality style reflects a capacity for internalization, for ideational organization of anxiety, for taking analytic distance from themselves, and for viewing and relating to others in a complex and empathetic fashion. To return to our metaphor of the explorer, we can conclude that the borderline personality concept gives us too broad and blurred a view of the MPD/DD terrain. It lacks the level of specificity needed to describe the test phenomena that appear on these MPD/DD Rorschachs. The special test instructions, behavior ratings of extra-test dissociative phenomena, and the posttest process questions enable us to see that although at gross level certain vulnerabilities resemble borderline characteristics, the processes underlying these phenomena are quite distinct. Moreover, unexpected areas of strength and maturity also exist. These findings suggest that we are not viewing a developmental arrest, but rather, are seeing the signs of what developmental psychologists call a "strange" development i.e., an atypical developmental pathway created by unusual interactions with the world. It may well be that much of the difficulty in establishing the validity of BPD test criteria has been due to the unwitting inclusion of DD patients within these studies. If so, the distinction between borderline and dissociative test characteristics will lead to more accurate and refined studies of both groups. The concept of PTSD has been a particularly useful dimension for elucidating MPD test phenomena. As we further investigate commonalities and differences within the MPD/DD continuum, it will be interesting to examine in what way the severity of these patients' PTSD relates to their personality characteristics, symptom patterns, and treatment response. The strength of psychological assessment has long been its ability to describe the organization of psychological processes to gain a detailed knowledge of the individual. As such, in the hands of well-trained clinicians, psychological assessment has been one of the most powerful tools for predicting long-term treatment outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Degradation of Acetonitrile by Pseudomonas putida.

A bacterium capable of utilizing high concentrations of acetonitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas putida. This bacterium could also utilize butyronitrile, glutaronitrile, isobutyronitrile, methacrylonitrile, propionitrile, succinonitrile, valeronitrile, and some of their corresponding amides, such as acetamide, butyramide, isobutyramide, methacrylamide, propionamide, and succinamide as growth substrates. Acetonitrile-grown cells oxidized acetonitrile with a Km of 40.61 mM. Mass balance studies with [14C]acetonitrile indicated that nearly 66% of carbon of acetonitrile was released as 14CO2 and 14% was associated with the biomass. Metabolites of acetonitrile in the culture medium were acetic acid and ammonia. The acetate formed in the early stages of growth completely disappeared in the later stages. Cell extracts of acetonitrile-grown cells contained activities corresponding to nitrile hydratase and amidase, which mediate the breakdown of actonitrile into acetic acid and ammonia. Both enzymes were intracellular and inducible and hydrolyzed a wide range of substrates. The specific activity of amidase was at least 150-fold higher than the activity of the enzyme nitrile hydratase.
Loss and Amazonian Otherness in Ecuador

Resumen En Mayo de 2001, la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Educacion, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) declaro que el idioma zapara como parte del patrimonio cultural e intangible del mundo. Este articulo examina las celebraciones del gobierno ecuatoriano con motivo de la declaracion de UNESCO y la cobertura del evento por parte de la prensa ecuatoriana. El articulo muestra la forma en que el gobierno y la prensa popular ecuatoriana utilizaron discursos de perdida y preservacion cultural para incluir a los zapara como parte de la nacion ecuatoriana y a la vez para marginalizarlos politicamente y culturalmente como “otros.” Este caso de estudio, sugiere que discursos de peligro de perdida cultural tiene el mismo potencial para reforzar la hegemonia de las elites ecuatorianas y las relaciones de poder predominantes, asi como para cuestionar las mismas. Asi pues, este articulo plantea a antropologos y activistas la necesidad de examinar a fondo los discursos dominantes de perdida y preservacion cultural para tener un mejor entendimiento de como estos discursos cuestionan, resfuerzan y promueven narrativas colonialistas.
Engineering non-natural inhibitor sensitivity in protein tyrosine phosphatase H1

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatase H1, a member of the ubiquitous protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily of enzymes, is an important signaling molecule, mutant forms of which have been found in human colorectal cancers. Selective PTPH1 inhibitors would be valuable tools for investigating PTPH1’s roles in cellular regulation. However, no PTPH1-specific inhibitors are known. To identify target-selective inhibitors of human PTPH1, we have redesigned a PTPH1/inhibitor interface. Structure-based protein design was used to identify two amino-acid residues, isoleucine 846 and methionine 883, that control PTPH1’s sensitivity to oxalylaminoindole PTP inhibitors. Mutation of residues 846 and 883 to alanine and glycine, respectively, conferred novel inhibitor sensitivity onto PTPH1. From a small panel of putative inhibitors, compounds that potently and selectively target the inhibitor-sensitized PTPH1 mutants were identified.
Distributed nullforming without prior frequency synchronization

We present a novel approach to the problem of distributed nullforming where a set of transmitters cooperatively transmit a common message signal in such a way that their individual transmissions precisely cancel each other at a designated receiver. Under our approach, each transmitter iteratively makes an adjustment to the phase and frequency of its transmitted RF signal, by effectively implementing an algorithm to reduce the amplitude of the overall received signal to zero. We show that this algorithm can be implemented in a purely distributed fashion at each transmitter as each transmitter needs only an estimate of its own channel gain to the receiver, and a feedback signal from the receiver, that is common across all the transmitters. This is an important advantage of our approach and assures its scalability; in contrast any non-iterative approach to the nullforming problem requires that each transmitter know every other transmitter's channel gain. We prove analytically that the algorithm practically, globally converges to a null at the designated receiver. By practical convergence we mean that (i) the algorithm always converges to a stationary trajectory, (ii) that though some of these trajectories may not correspond to a null, those that do not are locally unstable, while those that do are locally stable. We also present numerical simulations to illustrate the robustness of this approach. A key novelty of this paper is that unlike its predecessors it does not assume prior frequency synchronization among the transmitters.
Limitations of the continuum assumption in cancellous bone

Most existing stress analyses of the skeleton which consider cancellous bone assume that it can be modelled as a continuum. In this paper we develop a criterion for the validity of this assumption. The limitations of the continuum assumption appear in two areas: near biologic interfaces, and in areas of large stress gradients. These limitations are explored using a probabilistic line scanning model for density measurement, resulting in an estimate of density accuracy as a function of line length which is experimentally verified. Within three to five trabeculae of an interface, a continuum model is suspect. When results as predicted using continuum analyses vary by more than 20-30% over a distance spanning three to five trabeculae, the results are suspect.
Endoscopy-based pancreatic function tests

Direct pancreatic function tests have been the mainstay for the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Due to their cumbersome nature and limited availability there is a continuous search for a rapid and inexpensive test of pancreatic function. Endoscopic approaches to evaluate pancreatic function have been assessed. This article critically reviews the current evidence related to this novel approach, outlining some elements for further refinement.
On Lateral Water Mass Interaction—A Case Study, Bristol Bay, Alaska

Abstract Salinity-temperature-depth data obtained on several spring and summer cruises during 1976 and 1977 from outer Bristol Bay in the southeast Bering Sea indicate the existence of a zone, between two well-defined water masses, where details of the interaction process are observable. This interaction zone is approximately 100–150 km wide and is characterized by a plethora of mid-water-column finestructure, in both temperature and salinity, that exhibit a hierarchy of vertical scale sizes. Vertical mixing energy within the zone appears low, which results in persistence of interleaving signatures induced by horizontal interaction of the two adjacent water masses. Such interaction probably occurs between all laterally juxtaposed water masses of nearly the same density; outer Bristol Bay allows enhanced examination of the process because of the broad lateral extent of the transition zone.
Plagiarism Among Dissertations: Prevalence at Online Institutions

The current research literature has claimed that plagiarism is a significant problem in postsecondary education. Unfortunately, these claims are primarily supported by self-report data from students. In fact little research has been done to quantify the prevalence of plagiarism particularly at the advanced graduate education level. Further, few studies exist on online education even though this is a rapidly growing sector of higher education. This descriptive study quantified the amount of plagiarism that existed among 100 doctoral dissertations that were published by institutions granting doctorate degrees through a primarily online format. The dissertations were submitted to Turnitin plagiarism detection software for analysis. The mean similarity index of these dissertations was 15.1 (SD = 13.02). The results were then categorized per previous research. Forty-six percent of the dissertations were classified as having a low level of plagiarism while 11 % had a medium level and 3 % had a high level. Further analysis revealed that 72 % of the dissertations had at least one case of improper paraphrasing and citation (verbatim text accompanied by a citation) and 46 % had verbatim text without any citation. The results of this study should encourage faculty, dissertation committee members, university administrators, and accrediting bodies to take action to help reduce the level of plagiarism among doctoral learners. Suggestions for future research include comparing online and brick-and-mortar dissertation plagiarism rates, a larger study to investigate plagiarism trend data, and surveys of faculty about how they address plagiarism and ethics during the dissertation process.
Analysis of propagation at the second-order Bragg angle of a thick holographic grating*

Algebraic expressions are derived for the diffraction efficiency of the first and second orders of a holographic grating recorded in a thick, pure-phase material with a nonlinear exposure response for readout at the second-order Bragg angle. The results demonstrate the importance of double diffraction by the fundamental grating as well as diffraction by the harmonic grating in producing the second order. It is shown that the strong cross coupling between two gratings constructed in the same emulsion with a common construction angle is a limiting case of the double diffraction that occurs in single gratings. Experimental results from gratings constructed in dichromated gelatin are presented to verify the theory.
Is dispositional happiness contagious? The impact of the well-being of family members on individual well-being.

A recent study reported evidence that happiness is contagious, spread through social networks (Fowler & Christakis, 2008). However, past research with twins (e.g., Lykken & Tellegen, 1996) concluded that the shared environment has little to no influence on well-being. We used longitudinal data from 615 adoptive and nonadoptive families to address this discrepancy. If happiness is contagious, then family members should have similar levels of happiness even when they are not genetically similar to one another. However, we found that the happiness level of family members was unrelated to the target level of happiness at all assessments when family members were not genetically related. In addition, biometrical modeling produced an estimate of χ2 that was not different from zero.
Laser chemical-vapor deposition of titanium nitride

Titanium nitride (TiN) films are grown on Ti-6 Al-4 V substrates with a cw ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser and precursor gas mixtures of ${\mathrm{TiCl}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. In situ diagnostic techniques are applied to study the kinetics of this laser chemical-vapor deposition process. An empirical relationship between the growth rate and reactant partial pressures, the rate-controlling steps, and activation energy is determined.
Level of aspiration and locus of control in disadvantaged children.

Culturally disadvantaged and advantaged 6-yr.-olds were compared on level of aspiration and locus of control. There were no differences between disadvantaged Negro and white children on either measure, but disadvantaged children in general were characterized by higher and less accurate levels of aspiration with reference to specific performance tasks and by less internal locus of control.
Viable Composite Grafting in Eyelid Reconstruction

I reconstructed eyelids in two patients by successfully using a new technique to increase the viability of a composite, full-thickness eyelid graft. Splitting the graft into two components of tarsal-conjunctival-margin and skin and placing each component against a viable skin and orbicularis flap, respectively, facilitated the acceptance of the graft and increased the success of the reconstruction.
NIGHT DREAMS AND HYPNOTIC DREAMS: IS THERE EVIDENCE THAT THEY ARE DIFFERENT?

Abstract The evidence against equating night dreams and hypnotic dreams is reviewed in the light of 2 developments in dream research—Dement and Kleitman's (1957a; 1957b) physiological and behavioral indicators of dreaming and Hall's (1951; 1963) quantitative studies of dream content. It is concluded that the equivalence of the EEG patterns of the hypnotic trance and the “dream” stage of sleep (Stage I) cannot be ruled out. It is further concluded that the psychologically-important question of content differences between night and hypnotic dreams has never been examined in a controlled, quantitative manner.
Immunomodulation of human NK cell activity by Marina Crystal Minerals (MCM), a crystallized mixture of minerals and trace elements from sea water

Abstract We examined the in vivo immunomodulatory function of human NK cell activity by a new product called Marina Crystal Minerals (MCM), a crystallized mixture of minerals, trace elements, and other active ingredients from sea water, which was originally separated from sodium chloride. Eleven individuals were given MCM at a dose of 20mg/kg/d orally for 2 months, and NK activity was examined by standard 51 Cr-release assay and the percentage of NK cells CD16 + and CD56+CD3− were determined by flow cytometry. Results demonstrate that: 1) MCM significantly enhanced NK activity (2 fold increase over baseline value) at 2wks post treatment p in vitro studies of cultured PBL with MCM for 16 hrs resulted in significant enhancement of NK activity; 155% and 210% increase at 25 and 100μg/ml respectively; 4) eight fold increase in the production of interferon-γ postculture of PBL with MCM at concentration of 100 μg/ml and 5) MCM exerts no suppressive effects on lymphocyte function in the absence or presence of mitogens (PHA, Con A and PWM). We conclude that MCM may be useful in cancer immunotherapy.
Preservice Formative Assessment Interviews: The Development of Competent Questioning.

Recent research and reform documents in mathematics and science education have highlighted the importance of preservice teacher education that focuses on understanding students’ reasoning and modifying instruction accordingly. Utilizing the constructs of core practices and the professional noticing as lenses with which to examine the development of preservice teachers’ questioning practice, we conducted a case study of 1 pair of preservice teachers as they performed weekly formative assessment interviews to elicit student thinking during 1 semester. Our study was driven by the following research questions: (1) How do preservice teachers develop their questioning practice and ability to notice students’ thinking about mathematical and science concepts? (2) How can these questioning practices be further developed? Results suggest that with weekly practice and reflection, preservice teachers can develop their questioning practice within the context of face-to-face interaction with students and that the ways they question students can change when given opportunities to interact with them and analyze their thinking. By having participants attend to what they were professionally noticing about students’ thinking, we contend that they learned to adapt their questioning techniques to ask students more competent questions. Participants also exhibited 2 areas of questioning practice ripe for improvement—asking leading questions and missed opportunities to probe students’ thinking. While providing clinical field experiences to preservice teachers is not novel, we suggest the importance of foregrounding practices that elicit student mathematical and scientific thinking through an iterative process of enactment and reflection to develop questioning practice and the ability to notice.
Subject area preparation of secondary mathematics and science teachers and student achievement

Abstract Data drawn from the Longitudinal Survey of American Youth are the basis of this inquiry into the effects of mathematics and science subject matter preparation of secondary school teachers on pupil performance gains in these subjects. Results suggest that measures of how much a student's teacher knows about what he or she is teaching has a positive effect on pupils' learning gains. The evidence also suggests that the effects of subject matter preparation diminish with time and vary across types of students. Explicit attention is paid to policy implications for teacher education, recruitment, and retention.
The Macroeconomic Consequences of Democratic Transition: Learning Processes in the Third and Fourth Waves of Democratization

This study examines trends in macroeconomic conditions during democratic transition, focusing especially on how these trends changed between the third and fourth waves of democratization. We first develop hypotheses postulating that the macroeconomic consequences of democratic transition changed diachronically in the late 1980s and early 1990s because of learning processes. We then test these hypotheses using multiple interrupted time series analysis in a panel of democratizing countries. Our findings support the learning-process hypotheses. Like other recent studies, these findings raise doubts about the value of universalistic theories of democratization. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A25BB114 00003
Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 Activity Protects Pancreatic Beta Cells from Glucotoxicity

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer disease are degenerative diseases that may share common pathophysiologic mechanisms. Neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer patients has been linked to overactivity of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and its activator p35. Both of these proteins are expressed in the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Further, glucose enhances p35 gene expression, promoting the formation of active p35/CDK5 complexes that regulate the expression of the insulin gene. In T2D, chronic elevations of glucose, glucotoxicity, impair beta cell function. We therefore postulated that CDK5 and p35 may be responsible for this beta cell impairment and that inhibition of CDK5 might have a beneficial effect. To test this hypothesis, the pancreatic cell line INS-1 was selected as a known in vitro model of glucotoxicity, and roscovitine (10 μm) was used as a CDK5 inhibitor. Chronic exposure of INS-1 cells to high glucose (20-30 mm) reduced both insulin mRNA levels and the activity of an insulin promoter reporter gene. Inhibition of CDK5 prevented this decrease of insulin gene expression. We used DNA binding (gel shift) assays and Western immunoblots to demonstrate that cellular levels of the transcription factor PDX-1, normally decreased by glucotoxicity, were preserved with CDK5 inhibition, as was the binding of PDX-1 to the insulin promoter. Analyses of nuclear and cytoplasmic PDX-1 protein levels revealed that CDK5 inhibition restores nuclear PDX-1, without affecting its cytoplasmic concentration, suggesting that CDK5 regulates the nuclear/cytoplasm partitioning of PDX-1. Using a Myc-tagged PDX-1 construct, we showed that the translocation of PDX-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during glucotoxic conditions was prevented when CDK5 was inhibited. These studies indicate that CDK5 plays a role in the loss of beta cell function under glucotoxic conditions and that CDK5 inhibitors could have therapeutic value for T2D.
Supercritical adsorption in small pores

Abstract Continuum mechanics has been used to describe supercritical adsorption of krypton in carbon molecular sieves as reported by Findenegg et al. ( Ger. Chem. Eng . 6, 80 (1983)) and Fischer et al . ( Ger. Chem. Eng . 6, 84 (1983)). The adsorption might be better described as densification resulting from the long-range intermolecular forces between krypton and carbon. This represents an extension of continuum mechanics to a microscale system in which the average pore diameters were less than four times the diameter of the krypton molecule. Supercritical adsorption of methane in porous carbon also has been explored with this analysis. Storage capacity is the principal problem limiting natural gas as a viable alternative vehicle fuel.
Towards a better measure of business proximity: topic modeling for analyzing M As

In this article, we propose a new measure of firms' dyadic business proximity. Specifically, we analyze the unstructured texts that describe firms' businesses using the natural language processing technique of topic modeling, and develop a novel business proximity measure based on the output. When compared with the existent methods, our approach provides finer granularity on quantifying firms' similarity in the spaces of product, market, and technology. We then show our measure's effectiveness through an empirical analysis using a unique dataset of recent mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. high technology industry. Building upon the literature, our model relates the likelihood of matching of two firms in a merger or acquisition transaction to their business proximity and other characteristics. We particularly employ a class of statistical network analysis methods called exponential random graph models to accommodate the relational nature of the data.
PICOSECOND ABSORPTION STUDIES OF PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE SEPARATION IN POLYELECTROLYTE BOUND AROMATIC CHROMOPHORES

Abstract Picosecond absorption studies of photoinduced electron transfer between aromatic chromophores bound to polymethacrylic acid (P) and methylviologen (MV2+ have been carried out in aqueous solution. The diphenylanthracene copolymer/viologen system at pH 2.8 shows the corresponding redox products DPA+ and MV+ arising from the singlet state of DPA with a forward rate constant of electron transfer of 2.6 × 109 s−1. At pH 9.0 the quenching of the S1 state of DPA occurs with no charge separated products being observed. The pyrene copolymer shows no evidence of charge separated products at any pH in the range 2.8–9.0. It is proposed that the differences in the radical pair kinetics arise from differences in the degree of binding of the ground state complexes formed by the donor and acceptor species.
ADHD medication use in a population-based sample of twins.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine treatment patterns for youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a general population sample of 1,610 twins. Method: Twin pairs ages 7 to 17 years and parents ascertained from birth records in the state of Missouri were interviewed using the Missouri Assessment of Genetics Interview for Children between 1996 and 2001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine which factors were significant in answering three questions about treatment for ADHD. Results: Of 302 boys, 177 (58.6%) and 26 of 57 girls (45.6%) who met full DSM-IV criteria for ADHD received stimulant medication in this sample. Of 314 youths, 111 (35.4%) who received stimulant medication did not meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. When controlling for comorbidity and other factors, the number of impairing ADHD symptoms and having a cotwin who was also brought to treatment for ADHD correlated with referral or treatment in youths without ADHD. Youths without ADHD who were treated had a large number of ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: As is shown in earlier studies, children with ADHD are being undertreated. Complex factors, including comorbid disorders and family history of ADHD treatment, affect treatment patterns in the general population.
Quantitative Method for Studying Microleakage In Vivo and In Vitro

Quantitation of microleakage of dental restorations was evaluated in situ in humans and in vitro using neutron activation of 55Mn. Results are expressed in μg units of uptake per tooth. In general, uptake for all restorations was greater in vivo than in vitro.
Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Ride-through Applications in a Facility Microgrid

Flywheel energy storage (FES) has attracted new interest for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications in a facility microgrid. Due to technological advancements, the FES has become a promising alternative to traditional battery storage technologies. This paper aims at developing a tool to demonstrate the use of FES units for securing critical loads during a utility outage in a microgrid environment. The FES is modeled, simulated and evaluated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK® environment. A data center is used to represent a facility microgrid case study. It illustrates how an FES can help improve the load serving capability and provide a highly reliable ride-through capability for critical loads during a utility disturbance. In comparison with batteries, the application of FES for power security is new on the horizon. This limits the availability of experimental data. The simulation model presented in this paper will enable the analysis of short-term ride-through applications of FES during an islanded operation of a facility microgrid. As a result, it can provide a guideline for facility engineers in a data center or other types of facility microgrids to better design their backup power systems based on FES technology, which can be used in combination with traditional fuel-based generators.
Stagnation-point heat transfer in arc-heated helium and argon.

He and Ar arc-heated flows into reservoir and expansion in converging-diverging supersonic nozzles, considering flow equilibrium effect on heat transfer and enthalpy
Introducing fault-based combinatorial testing to web services

Combinatorial testing is considered effective for finding software faults. It is also efficient, since it keeps the number of tests relatively small. However, there seems to be very little research that considers combinatorial testing as a testing approach for web services. They are commonly tested by injecting fault-causing data perturbations into the network. It may be worthwhile to see if combinatorial testing can complement existing perturbations with the benefits of combinatorial testing. The approach proposed in this paper is called combinatorial fault-based testing. This type of testing combines existing fault-based testing techniques, such as fault injection, with combinatorial testing to attempt to find faults of varying strength within a web service. Combinatorial fault-based testing uses fault injection and helps reduce the problem with combinatorial explosion by focusing solely on fault-based combinations. This raises the following research question: Is there a way to take advantage of the benefits of combinatorial testing for web services assuming that source code will not be available, while minimizing the possibility of a combinatorial explosion? Combinatorial fault-based testing looks very promising for answering this question. As a side effect, it could potentially offer a way to determine the maximum strength of interactions to test for web services.
The Translation of the Scriptures and the Ecumenical Patriarchate: The Translation Efforts of Hilarion of Tirnovo

AbstractIn the beginning of the nineteenth century, Constantinople continued to be the intellectual and religious centre of the Greeks despite rival flourishing educational and economic centres in such cities as Smyrna, Kydonies (Aivali), and Chios. Moreover, it was the ‘national’ centre of the Greek people. It was natural, therefore, that the subject of a new translation of the Scriptures, a project affecting all Greeks, should have arisen once more in the Ottoman capital.
Optimal binary covering codes of length 2j

The minimum size of a binary covering code of length n and covering radius r is denoted by K(n,r), and codes of this length are called optimal. For j > 0 and n = 2j, it is known that K(n,1) = 2 · K(n−1,1) = 2n − j. Say that two binary words of length n form a duo if the Hamming distance between them is 1 or 2. In this paper, it is shown that each optimal binary covering code of length n = 2j, j > 0, and covering radius 1 is the union of duos in just one way, and that the closed neighborhoods of the duos form a tiling of the set of binary words of length n. Methods of constructing such optimal codes from optimal covering codes of length n − 1 (that is, perfect single-error-correcting codes) are discussed. The paper ends with the construction of an optimal covering code of length 16 that does not contain an extension of any optimal covering code of length 15. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Protein Composition of PNS Myelin: Developmental Comparison of Control and Quaking Mice

: Protein compositions were determined for sciatic nerve myelin isolated from young and adult control and quaking (Qk) mice. Age-related changes in the relative amounts of large (P1) and small (Pr) basic proteins were found. In control animals, the ratio Pr/P1 increased with age, a change similar to that observed for the large (B1) and small (Bs) CNS myelin basic proteins of adult mice. Pr/P1 also increased with age in the Qk mouse sciatic nerve, but only to the point that the value in the adult Qk mouse was similar to that observed for young control animals, a situation reminiscent of the effect of the Qk mutation on CNS basic proteins. Thus, our data suggest that the Qk mutation has a similar effect on peripheral nervous system (PNS) and CNS basic proteins. Our findings are consistent with recent electrophoretic and immunochemical data showing that PNS and CNS myelin basic proteins in rodents are analogous, and they suggest that the genetic program controlling basic protein expression is common to oligodendroglia and Schwann cells.
A Static condensation Reduced Basis Element method: approximation and a posteriori error estimation

We propose a new reduced basis element-cum-component mode synthesis approach for parametrized elliptic coercive partial differential equations. In the Offline stage we construct a Library of interoperable parametrized reference components relevant to some family of problems; in the Online stage we instantiate and connect reference components (at ports) to rapidly form and query parametric systems. The method is based on static condensation at the interdomain level, a conforming eigen- function "port" representation at the interface level, and finally Reduced Basis (RB) approximation of Finite Element (FE) bubble functions at the intradomain level. We show under suitable hypotheses that the RB Schur complement is close to the FE Schur complement: we can thus demonstrate the stability of the discrete equations; furthermore, we can develop inexpensive and rigorous (system-level) a posteriori error bounds. We present numerical results for model many-parameter heat transfer and elasticity problems with particular emphasis on the Online stage; we discuss flexibility, accuracy, com- putational performance, and also the effectivity of the a posteriori error bounds.
Submillisecond rotational dynamics of spin-labeled myosin heads in myofibrils

The rotational motion of crossbridges, formed when myosin heads bind to actin, is an essential element of most molecular models of muscle contraction. To obtain direct information about this molecular motion, we have performed saturation transfer EPR experiments in which spin labels were selectively and rigidly attached to myosin heads in purified myosin and in glycerinated myofibrils. In synthetic myosin filaments, in the absence of actin, the spectra indicated rapid rotational motion of heads characterized by an effective correlation time of 10 microseconds. By contrast, little or no submillisecond rotational motion was observed when isolated myosin heads (subfragment-1) were attached to glass beads or to F-actin, indicating that the bond between the myosin head and actin is quite rigid on this time scale. A similar immobilization of heads was observed in spin-labeled myofibrils in rigor. Therefore, we conclude that virtually all of the myosin heads in a rigor myofibril are immobilized, apparently owing to attachment of heads to actin. Addition of ATP to myofibrils, either in the presence or absence of 0.1 mM Ca2+, produced spectra similar to those observed for myosin filaments in the absence of actin, indicating rapid submillisecond rotational motion. These results indicate that either (a) most of the myosin heads are detached at any instant in relaxed or activated myofibrils or (b) attached heads bearing the products of ATP hydrolysis rotate as rapidly as detached heads.
Effects of monitoring vocal intensity on oral air flow in children and adults.

The purposes of the present investigation were (a) to determine whether child and adult oral air flow data were parallel across two monitoring methods, (b) to determine whether an instruction to sp...
Social organization among young beef cattle in confinement

Social organization or dominance hierarchies were demonstrated among beef steers as young as 250 days of age. Two groups of five and seven crossbred beef steers were scored for agonistic encounters, and these data were used to determine dominant—subordinate relationships. The effects of removing and adding animals to groups were determined by mixing some members from the groups of five and adding new members to obtain the groups of seven. Weight was positively correlated (P< 0.05) with dominance value (0.55). There was evidence that the dominance orders were formed soon after weaning and that the orders remained stable even when the groups were moved to other pens.
The linear index of a group representation

Abstract This paper introduces a generalization of Polya's cycle index of a permutation representation. Let G denote a finite group of order n , and V a complex module affording a representation of G . For any class function χ of G , we construct a complex polynomial in n variables called the χ-linear index of G , denoted L ( G , V ; χ). In the case that V arises from a permutation representation. L ( G , V ; χ) can be converted to the usual cycle index and conversely. Basic properties of the linear index are discussed, including linear indices of sums and products of modules. By fixing a module V , we get the following map from any set of class functions of G to the ring of complex polynomials in n variables: assign to χ the polynomial L ( G , V ; χ). Consider the ring of complex generalized characters of G . Conditions are given when the mapping for this ring is or is not one-to-one.