cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies in identification of bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention

Study Objective. To evaluate the level of agreement between two sets of criteria, the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria and investigator-developed criteria, for identifying bleeding events in patients who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to measure length of hospital stay (LOS) as a surrogate marker of bleeding severity. Design. Retrospective chart review. Setting. Two university-affiliated medical centers. Patients. Four hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who had undergone PCI from December 1, 2001-June 30, 2002. Measurements and Main Results. Data were collected on the number of bleeding events that occurred within 1 week after PCI (limited to one event/patient) and on LOS. Bleeding was assessed by TIMI criteria and by investigator-developed criteria. Bleeding according to TIMI criteria included intracranial hemorrhage, spontaneous hematuria or hematemesis, or decreases in hemoglobin level. Bleeding according to investigator-developed criteria included intracranial, retroperitoneal, intraocular, or clinically overt bleeding without a specified decrease in hemoglobin level. Agreement between criteria was assessed by means of the κ statistic. Of the 422 patients, 23 (5%) experienced TIMI-defined bleeding events and 229 (54%) investigator-defined bleeding events. A κ value of 0.09 (95% confidence interval 0.06–0.13) indicated a poor level of agreement between the two sets of bleeding criteria. The effect of this discrepancy on LOS was 66 fewer days of care when TIMI criteria were applied versus investigator-developed criteria in the 206 patients who experienced bleeding events that met investigator criteria (total LOS 645 days) but not TIMI criteria (total LOS 579 days). Conclusion. Bleeding assessment with use of TIMI criteria versus investigator-developed criteria yielded discrepant bleeding event rates and LOS, making it difficult to accurately compare bleeding rates and consequences across clinical trials and in practice. Consensus bleeding criteria are needed for applications in clinical evaluations of antithrombotic agents.
Vaginal CD4+ T Cells Express High Levels of CCR5 and Are Rapidly Depleted in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Worldwide, the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-1 cases occur through heterosexual transmission, yet little is known regarding the phenotype of CD4 + T cells in the vaginal mucosa. In the present study, lymphocytes were compared from the lymph nodes, blood, and vagina from uninfected and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. In mature female macaques, 54%-67% of the vaginal CD4 + T cells expressed C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), whereas 84%-99% coexpressed CXC chemokine receptor 4. In contrast, only 4.4%-14.8% of peripheral blood and 2.4%-13% of lymph-node CD4 + T cells coexpressed CCR5. Moreover, CCR5 mean channel fluorescence was significantly higher on CD4 cells from the vagina, compared with those from blood. In macaques intravenously infected with SIV, rapid depletion of CD4 + T cells was observed in the vagina, particularly among the CCR5 + CD4 + subset. This demonstrates that large numbers of CD4 + T cells expressing high levels of CCR5 reside within the vagina and that these cells are preferentially targeted for elimination by SIV infection.
Intelligent Business Process Management: Hype or Reality?

According to Gartner, a leading information technology (IT) research and analysis firm, companies are moving to improve their Business Process Management (BPM) systems by integrating them with their Business Intelligence (BI) Systems—thus making them an “intelligent.” Companies with these new systems would arguably have a competitive advantage. But is this really true? The authors of this article explain what Intelligent Business Process Management (iBPM) actually is and how users may benefit from it in the future. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
At the Borders of Citizenship: A Democracy in Translation?

Borders are never purely local institutions, never reducible to a simple history of conflicts and agreements between neighboring groups and powers. Borders are already global, ways of dividing the world into regions and thus make possible place and a 'mapping imaginary'. Borders are characterized by an intrinsic ambivalence that derives from their internal and external functions, as the basis of collective belonging and state control over mobility and territory. The construction of political space takes place through modes of translation between inside and outside that the border signifies.
Stress Driven Rearrangement Instability of Crystalline Films with Electromechanical Interaction

It was demonstrated, on general thermodynamic grounds, that, in non-hydrostatically stressed elastic systems, phase and grain interfaces undergo morphological destabilization due to different mechanisms of "mass rearrangement". Destabilization of free surfaces due to the combined action of mass rearrangement in the presence of electrostatic field has been well known since the end of the 19 th century. Currently, morphological instabilities of thin solid films with electro-mechanical interactions have found various applications in physics and engineering. In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of the stress driven rearrangement instabilities and the destabilization due to the electro-mechanical interactions. The paper presents relevant results of theoretical studies for ferroelectric thin films. Theoretical analysis involves highly nonlinear equations allowing analytical methods only for the initial stage of unstable growth. At present, we are unable to explore analytically the most important, deeply nonlinear regimes of growth. To avoid this difficulty, we developed numerical tools facilitating the process of solving and interpreting the results by means of visualization of developing
The Dread to Repeat: Comments on the Working–Through Process in Psychoanalysis:

This paper focuses on the process of working through in psychoanalysis. Reemphasis of the centrality of the empathic listening perspective and discovery of the selfobject transferences made it necessary to reconceptualize various aspects of the analytic process from the perspective of psychoanalytic self psychology. With the help of a clinical vignette, the paper illustrates the manner in which archaic defense organizations and newly developing psychic structures find a compromise solution in a transference symptom. Such symptoms can serve as nodal points in the process of working through; they represent a transitional phase between the old automatic responses to narcissistic injury and an increased capacity to use signal anxiety. The psychopathology that became illuminated in this process can be described phenomenologically as a self-defeating personality disorder.
Maximizing algebraic connectivity in interconnected networks

Algebraic connectivity, the second eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, is a measure of node and link connectivity on networks. When studying interconnected networks it is useful to consider a multiplex model, where the component networks operate together with interlayer links among them. In order to have a well-connected multilayer structure, it is necessary to optimally design these interlayer links considering realistic constraints. In this work, we solve the problem of finding an optimal weight distribution for one-to-one interlayer links under budget constraint. We show that for the special multiplex configurations with identical layers, the uniform weight distribution is always optimal. On the other hand, when the two layers are arbitrary, increasing the budget reveals the existence of two different regimes. Up to a certain threshold budget, the second eigenvalue of the supra-Laplacian is simple, the optimal weight distribution is uniform, and the Fiedler vector is constant on each layer. Increasing the budget past the threshold, the optimal weight distribution can be nonuniform. The interesting consequence of this result is that there is no need to solve the optimization problem when the available budget is less than the threshold, which can be easily found analytically.
Influence of basin characteristics on the effectiveness and downstream reach of interbasin water transfers: displacing a problem

Interbasin water transfers are globally important water management strategies, yet little is known about their role in the hydrologic cycle at regional and continental scales. Specifically, there is a dearth of centralized information on transfer locations and characteristics, and few analyses place transfers into a relevant hydrological context. We assessed hydrological characteristics of interbasin transfers (IBTs) in the conterminous US using a nationwide inventory of transfers together with historical climate data and hydrological modeling. Supplying and receiving drainage basins share similar hydroclimatological conditions, suggesting that climatological drivers of water shortages in receiving basins likely have similar effects on supplying basins. This result calls into question the effectiveness of transfers as a strategy to mitigate climate-driven water shortages, as the water shortage may be displaced but not resolved. We also identified hydrologically advantageous and disadvantageous IBTs by comparing the water balances of supplying and receiving basins. Transfer magnitudes did not vary between the two categories, confirming that factors driving individual IBTs, such as patterns of human water demand or engineering constraints, also influence the continental-scale distribution of transfers. Some IBTs impact streamflow for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Transfer magnitude, hydroclimate and organization of downstream river networks mediate downstream impacts, and these impacts have the potential to expand downstream nonlinearly during years of drought. This work sheds new light on IBTs and emphasizes the need for updated inventories and analyses that place IBTs in an appropriate hydrological context.
P2 purinoceptor stimulation attenuates PTH inhibition of phosphate uptake by a G protein-dependent mechanism

Pages F309–F316: E. D. Lederer and K. R. McLeish. ”P2 purinoceptor stimulation attenuates PTH inhibition of phosphate uptake by a G protein-dependent mechanism.“ The American Heart Association of Kentucky should have been acknowledged for their support of E. D. Lederer.
Stochastically Optimized Monocular Vision-Based Guidance Design

This paper designs a relative navigation and guidance system for unmanned aerial vehicles for monocular vision-based control applications. Since 2-D vision-based measurement is nonlinear with respect to the 3-D relative state, an extended Kalman fllter (EKF) is applied in the navigation system design. It is well-known that the vision-based estimation performance highly depends on the relative motion of the vehicle to the target. Therefore, a main objective of this paper is to derive an optimal guidance law to achieve given missions under the condition that the EKF-based relative navigation outputs are fed back to the guidance system. This paper suggests a stochastic optimal guidance design that minimizes the expected value of a cost function of the guidance error and control efiort subject to the EKF prediction and update procedures. A one-step-ahead suboptimal optimization technique is implemented to avoid iterative computations. The approach is applied to vision-based target tracking and obstacle avoidance, and simulation results are illustrated.
Specific Induced Resistance of Mice to Endotoxin

SummaryVaccination with viable or heat-killed oral anaerobic gram negative cocci (genus Veillonella) increased the resistance of a strain of Swiss-Webster mice to the lethal effects of veillonella endotoxin. Protection was best conferred with serologically specific endotoxin prepared from the strain of veillonella used for vaccination. Utilizing weight loss to sublethal dosages as a measure of biological effects of endotoxin, the duration and extent of weight loss in vaccinated mice is also considerably reduced as compared to nonvaccinated animals. Vaccination with heat-killed veillonellae significantly protected B. pertussis-sensitized mice against veillonella endotoxin, but not against lethal doses of E. coli endotoxin, histamine, or serotonin.Vaccination of mice with another oral gram negative bacterium (Fusobacterium) did not protect pertussis-sensitized mice against the lethal effect of veillonella endotoxin.
Intramuscular energy sources in dogs during physical work

Three groups of dogs were run under different experimental conditions characterized by varying the work load or the running time. Lipid and glycogen analyses were carried out on biopsy specimens from the biceps femoris muscle before and after exercise. In addition, arterial and venous triglycerides and free fatty acids were determined on plasma samples from one group of dogs that had been previously catheterized. Under the conditions of these experiments, results revealed: (1) plasma triglycerides did not contribute significantly to the energy supply for muscle contraction; (2) plasma free fatty acid efflux into muscle was increased during mild exercise but significantly lowered during heavy exercise; (3) exercise did not affect the phospholipid level or its composition in the muscle; and (4) muscle triglyceride levels may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged, depending upon the work load imposed by the exercise.
STUDIES ON THE GENOTOXICITY OF 83-1 HERBICIDE AND ITS MAJOR METABOLITE

A comparative studies on mutagenicity and clastogenicity induced by 83-1 herbidice (2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol ammonium,DCNPA) and its major metabolite,2,4-dichloro-6-aminophenol (DCAP),were performed using Ames test and gene forward mutation (at HPRT locus) assay,SCE assay,and micronucleus assay (MN).Results showed that DCNPA does not produce a positive response for any endpoint in the studies with or without liver S9.However,the treatment of V79 cultures with DCAP caused a significant increase in SCEs and MN in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicated that DCAP was a DNA damaging agent and likely clastogenic in V79 cells;the metabolic activation in mammalian was needed for the genotoxicity/carcinogenicity of DCNPA;liver S9 used in vitro could be insufficient for activation of DCNPA.
The distribution of elephant fossils and the physiognomy characters of late Pleistocene in Jixian County of Tianjin

Several fossils which were the second fore-tooth and the third cheek tooth of Paleoloxodon naumanni and Paleoloxodon namadicus found in late Pleistocene stratum in Jixan County of Tianjin are described and contrasted.Four fossils-discovered areas have the certain terrain characteristics because they are apart from a few kilometers mutually and locate in the knap and plains before mountains.The two species of Paleoloxodon found in a small area are of a typical in North China.It is showed that the ecological environment of Jixian County was overly suited for the living and multiplication of the elephants and the large mammal animals such as deer,cattle and sheep etc in the warmly late Pleistocene epoch,due to the physiognomy characters,e.g.flourishing forests,the flush freshwater and mild climate.
An undergraduate oncology nursing course.

Purpose/objectives To develop an undergraduate oncology nursing course that provides deeper, more structured education in cancer care. Data sources Oncology Nursing Society and American Cancer Society materials, current oncology nursing texts, and published periodical literature. Data synthesis An undergraduate oncology nursing course was designed and successfully conducted that included clinical experience in the inpatient, outpatient, and home environments with experience in dealing with as many aspects of patient care as possible. Conclusions An oncology nursing course taught by expert practitioners and mentors can and should be offered annually to undergraduate nursing students. Implications for nursing practice Improved oncology patient care should result when nurses caring for patients with cancer receive specific information and specialized clinical experience as students that they can apply upon program completion as healthcare providers in the community.
Teaching Heat Transfer Using Automotive-Related Case Studies with a Spreadsheet Analysis Package

Five automotive-related projects used to teach the principles of heat transfer are presented. The projects were completed by students from Ford Motor Company in the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering programme offered by the University of Detroit Mercy. Students were required to perform their engineering calculations with the spreadsheet package Microsoft Excel™. The objectives for the use of these projects in the heat transfer course were to increase student understanding of and interest in heat transfer principles by presenting problems in a familiar context, to improve the students' ability to use spreadsheets as an engineering analysis tool, and to provide experience in dealing with the open-endedness of real engineering problems. The problem statements and solutions are described, and student performance and reaction are discussed. The projects may serve as useful course material for other instructors of heat transfer, even for students outside the automotive industry.
The Making of a Protestant Poet

The first two chapters have provided an overview of Spenser’s ‘literary life’. In this chapter I will trace his career chronologically through his early writings as far as The Shepheardes Calender (1579), which announced both his ambitions and such a level of poetic achievement that Sidney hailed him in the Defence as ‘this, our new poet’.
Human security in Burundi: The view from below (by youth)

This paper presents the result of a few hundreds of conversations with ordinary Burundians—foremost but not exclusively youth—about what ‘peace’ means to them. It develops a typology of answers people presented, and links these popular insights to the human security agenda.
Recognizing unseen actions in a domain-adapted embedding space

With the sustaining bloom of multimedia data, Zero-shot Learning (ZSL) techniques have attracted much attention in recent years for its ability to train learning models that can handle “unseen” categories. Existing ZSL algorithms mainly take advantages of attribute-based semantic space and only focus on static image data. Besides, most ZSL studies merely consider the semantic embedded labels and fail to address domain shift problem. In this paper, we purpose a deep two-output model for video ZSL and action recognition tasks by computing both spatial and temporal features from video contents through distinct Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and training a Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) upon extracted features to map videos to semantic embedding word vectors. Moreover, we introduce a domain adaptation strategy named “ConSSEV” — by combining outputs from two distinct output layers of our MLP to improve the results of zero-shot learning. Our experiments on UCF101 dataset demonstrate the purposed model has more advantages associated with more complex video embedding schemes, and outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot learning techniques.
A fast reliability screening technique for identification of trap generation

Trap generation under BTI/TDDB stress for extremely scaled NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs is investigated. Trap identification and localization using SILC Spectrum technique is demonstrated. It has been verified that BTI/TDDB stress leads to trap generation primarily at IL/HK intermix for PMOSFETs, and primarily at HK layer in case of NMOSFETs. The advantage of this technique is it requires minimal post measurement analysis and hence is ideal for quick screening of trap generation. Atomistic simulations close to operation regime and stress regime are performed on both NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs. Atomistic simulations indicate that the formation energy for hole traps in IL/HK intermix layer is the lowest in PMOSFETs whereas formation energy is the lowest for electron traps in HK layer for NMOSFETs. The results as verified by performing atomistic further validate the findings from SILC Spectrum technique.
Clinical Tumor Responses Despite Graft Rejection after Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation of Partially HLA-Mismatched (Haploidentical) Bone Marrow.

Abstract A variety of hematologic malignancies that are resistant to standard chemotherapy can be treated by nonmyelaoblative allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or NST. At our institution, 84 patients have enrolled onto sequential Phase I and II protocols of NST for hematologic malignancies utilizing haploidentical donors. Patients received non-T cell-depleted marrow after conditioning with fludarabine 30 mg/m2 (days −6 to −2), cyclophosphamide (Cy; 14.5 mg/kg/d, days −6 and −5) and 200 cGy total body irradiation on day −1. Novel post-transplantation immunosuppression included high dose Cy (50 mg/kg/d on day 3 only or (n=23) days 3 and 4 (n=40), mycophenolate mofetil from days 5–35 and FK-506 from day 5–180. Sixteen patients (19%) experienced graft rejection, defined as absence of donor chimerism on day 60, including 6/10 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 3/7 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 2/3 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 2/21 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and three patients with lymphoid malignancies. Fourteen patients recovered autologous hematopoiesis, whereas two (1 MDS, 1 NHL) died in aplasia. Interestingly, objective clinical responses were observed in 3/6 of the rejectors with MDS (1 CR, 2 PR), 2/3 rejectors with CML (2 molecular CR), and in both rejectors with CMML (1 CR, 1 PR). Two of the five patients with MDS and blast counts of greater than 20% survived for greater than 2 years with a decrease in blast counts and need for transfusions. Both patients with CML had disease refractory to imatinib mesylate, and both achieved molecular complete responses following transplantation. One of the patients has relapsed, and the other remains in hematologic and cytogenetic complete remission, though in minimal molecular relapse, at 6+ months after transplantation. Of the patients with CMML, one achieved a morphologic and hematologic complete remission at six months after transplantation, and the other achieved improved blood counts and disappearance of marrow blasts before relapsing at six months after transplant. In summary, fatal graft rejection is uncommon following nonmyeloablative BMT with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Clinical responses occurred despite graft rejection, particularly among patients with chronic myeloid malignancies. Potential mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect include an effect of conditioning, a transient graft-versus-host reaction by donor T or NK cells, or an abrogation of host tolerance to tumor by either the graft-versus-host or host-versus-graft reaction.
Reinvigorating Journal Clubs in Interventional Cardiology: The Kleiman Format.

![Figure][1] This is another in the series of Fellows Pages that we occasionally select for this space. Although many fellowship programs, including ours at Emory, value monthly journal clubs, the enthusiasm Dr. Kalra expresses for Dr. Kleiman’s efforts is inspirational.—Spencer B. King
Materials for next-generation molecularly selective synthetic membranes

Materials research is key to enable synthetic membranes for large-scale, energy-efficient molecular separations. Materials with rigid, engineered pore structures add an additional degree of freedom to create advanced membranes by providing entropically moderated selectivities. Scalability - the capability to efficiently and economically pack membranes into practical modules - is a critical yet often neglected factor to take into account for membrane materials screening. In this Progress Article, we highlight continuing developments and identify future opportunities in scalable membrane materials based on these rigid features, for both gas and liquid phase applications. These advanced materials open the door to a new generation of membrane processes beyond existing materials and approaches.
Primary-care management of patients with coarctation of the aorta

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital cardiac defect that results in a variable degree of obstruction to the left side of the heart. It can present with either acute shock in the neonatal period as a critical lesion or it can appear more insidiously with hypertension or other findings later in life. This article summarises aspects of outpatient care of patients with this lesion, including clinical history and physical examination, ancillary testing, and issues associated with long-term follow-up and management. Increasing knowledge and experience with this group of patients have allowed for a higher level of evidence-based care over the long term.
Therapeutic Effects of Doxycycline on the Quality of Repaired and Unrepaired Achilles Tendons.

Background:Achilles tendon tears are devastating injuries, especially to athletes. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity after a tendon injury has been associated with deterioration of the collagen network and can be inhibited with doxycycline (Doxy).Hypothesis:Daily oral administration of Doxy will enhance the histological, molecular, and biomechanical quality of transected Achilles tendons. Additionally, suture repair will further enhance the quality of repaired tendons.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Randomized unilateral Achilles tendon transection was performed in 288 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The injured tendons were either unrepaired (groups 1 and 2) or surgically repaired (groups 3 and 4). Animals from groups 2 and 4 received Doxy daily through oral gavage, and animals from groups 1 and 3 served as controls (no Doxy). Tendons were harvested at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the injury (n = 18 per group and time point). The quality of tendon repair was evaluated base...
Detonation propagation in a circular arc: reactive burn modelling

The dynamics of steady detonation propagation in a two-dimensional, high explosive circular arc geometry are examined computationally using a reactive flow model approach. The arc is surrounded by a low impedance material confiner on its inner surface, while its outer surface is surrounded either by the low impedance confiner or by a high impedance confiner. The angular speed of the detonation and properties of the steady detonation driving zone structure, i.e. the region between the detonation shock and sonic flow locus, are examined as a function of increasing arc thickness for a fixed inner arc radius. For low impedance material confinement on the inner and outer arc surfaces, the angular speed increases monotonically with increasing arc thickness, before limiting to a constant. The limiting behaviour is found to occur when the detonation driving zone detaches from the outer arc surface, leaving a region of supersonic flow on the outer surface. Consequently, the angular speed of the detonation becomes insensitive to further increases in the arc thickness. For high impedance material confinement on the outer arc surface, the observed flow structures are significantly more complex. As the arc thickness increases, we sequentially observe regions of negative shock curvature on the detonation front, reflected shock formation downstream of the reaction zone, and eventually Mach stem formation on the detonation front. Subsequently, a region of supersonic flow develops between the detonation driving zone and the Mach stem structure. For sufficiently wide arcs, the Mach stem structure disappears. For the high impedance material confinement, the angular speed of the detonation first increases with increasing arc thickness, reaches a maximum, decreases, and then limits to a constant for sufficiently large arc thickness. The limiting angular speed is the same as that found for the low impedance confiner on the outer arc surface.
Truth, Diversity, and the Incomplete Project of Modern Hinduism

This constructive philosophical and hermeneutical project seeks to begin the reconception of Neovedāntic thought in order to better approximate modern Hindu aspirations towards universality and pluralism, as well as to facilitate the translation of Hindu categories into the terminology of the modern Western world. Focusing first on such representatives of the Hindu tradition as Swāmi Dayānanda Saraswati (the founder of the Ārya Samāj), Sri Ramakrishna, Sri Aurobindo, and Mahatma Gandhi, I explore the compatibility of their thought with Alfred North Whitehead’s system of process thought and Jain philosophy. I then develop a preliminary outline of a pluralistic Hindu process theology.1 The compatibility of both Jainism and process thought with Neovedānta will be examined, as well as the ability of a synthesis of all three to articulate, in a way that is both logically elegant and compelling, some of the deeper assumptions underlying the views of modern Hindu thinkers, specifically on the issue of truth and religious diversity. The larger goal to which this project aspires is the initiation of a pluralistic Hindu cross-cultural hermeneutics that can contribute to the full development of Hinduism as a world religion. By “the full development of Hinduism as a world religion,” I mean, first of all, the development of Hinduism as a religion—not unlike Buddhism, Christianity, or Islam—to which any human being, regardless of nationality or ethnicity, may belong. By universalism I mean essentially the aspiration of any religious tradition to be universally relevant, to speak to global concerns rather than restricting itself exclusively to the local concerns of a single national or ethnic group. Secondly, the full development of Hinduism as a world religion means developing to the fullest degree possible its ethos of pluralism, by which I mean a way of envisioning religious diversity that allows for a plurality of approaches to and expressions of truth.
Membranes, adsorbent materials and solvent-based materials for syngas and hydrogen separation

Abstract: Advanced H2/syngas separation technologies have the potential to improve the cost and efficiency of future power plants for H2 production and/or CO2 capture. In this chapter, we will first present potential membrane materials used for syngas or H2/CO2 separation. Membranes with H2-permselective property will be discussed first, followed by CO2-permselective membrane materials. We will then review the recent developments in adsorbent materials for |H2 separation. Solvent-based materials will also be briefly covered. Finally, future trends and further source information will be commented on at the end of the chapter.
Estrogen and Antiestrogen Action in Reproductive Tissues and Tumors

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mechanisms by which estrogens and antiestrogens regulate the growth of reproductive tissues and of tumors that develop in reproductive tissues. During the normal development of the rat, uterine growth takes place over a period of several weeks; however, one can induce this growth in a dramatic fashion simply by injecting a dose of estrogen into an immature rat. This hormone-induced uterine growth, which occurs over a period of a few days, involves increases in all metabolic activities and increased water uptake, vascularization, and cell division. After exposure to estrogen, the steroid binds to the cytoplasmic receptor present in the target cell. The cytoplasmic receptor becomes localized in the nucleus, and the nuclear receptor interacts with chromatin in a manner such that a whole series of biochemical and physiological responses are elicited as long as the level of hormone is adequate. Hence, the tissue responds and a part of this response entails the replenishment of cytoplasmic receptor that renews the capacity of the tissue to respond further to hormone. This replenishment of cytoplasmic receptor is believed to occur both by the resynthesis of receptor and by the recycling of some receptor from the nucleus back to the cytoplasmic compartment. When an antiestrogen or a more active metabolite of the antiestrogen enters the target cell, it also binds to the cytoplasmic receptor. The antiestrogen–receptor complex does move into the nucleus and binds to chromatin, but its nuclear interaction must be different because it initiates only some responses. In some tissues, like the chick oviduct, it does not appear to evoke any estrogen-like responses, although the receptor does localize in the nucleus. After antiestrogen, cell division eventually becomes arrested and likewise there is no net increase in receptor content in the tissue.
Brain MRI Features of CSF Human Immunodeficiency Virus Escape

Background and purpose HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a nearly universal feature of untreated systemic HIV infection. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppresses systemic infection usually suppresses CNS (CNS) HIV infection, exceptions have been reported with discordance between CSF and blood HIV RNA concentrations such that CSF demonstrates higher HIV concentrations than blood, referred to as CSF HIV escape. Rarely, CSF HIV escape presents with neurological symptoms, called neurosymptomatic escape. Methods In this report, we describe the MRI findings in 6 patients with neurosymptomatic escape who were identified at our institution. Results MR imaging suggests an encephalitis possibly evolving from a distinct HIV subpopulation within the CNS. A major difference between primary HIV infection and the current case series is that untreated HIV encephalitis usually occurs in the setting of late disease and a low CD4 whereas CSF Escape develops in setting of a higher CD4, as well as more robust immune and inflammatory responses. Our findings show a burden and distribution of white matter signal abnormalities atypical for patients adherent to ART and that differs from that seen in untreated HIV encephalitis and leukoencephalopathy. Moreover, these patients may also demonstrate perivascular enhancement, a finding not previously reported in the CSF HIV escape literature. Conclusion Recognition of these imaging characteristics-patchy subcortical white matter intensities and a perivascular pattern of enhancement-may be helpful in recognition and, along with other clinical information and CSF findings, in diagnosis of neurosymptomatic escape.
Intermarriage, Identity, and Campus Community:

In our efforts to become more sensitive to racial and ethnic heritage, we may have fallen into the trap of assuming we can easily and neatly define what that heritage is. The fact is, there are inc...
Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for analyzing cannabinoids in oral fluid.

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for quantifying ten cannabinoids in oral fluid (OF). This method utilizes OF collected by the Quantisal™ device and concurrently quantifies cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THC-COOH), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC glucuronide (THC-COOH-gluc), Δ9-THC glucuronide (THC-gluc), cannabigerol (CBG), tetrahydrocannabiverin (THCV), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A). Solid phase extraction was optimized using Oasis Prime HLB 30 mg 96-well plates. Cannabinoids were separated by liquid chromatography over a BEH C18 column and detected by a Waters TQ-S micro tandem mass spectrometer. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.4 ng/mL for CBN, CBD, THC, 11-OH-THC, THC-gluc, and THCV; and 1.0 ng/mL for THC-COOH, THC-COOH-gluc, CBG and THCA-A. Linear ranges extended to 2000 ng/mL for THC and 200 ng/mL for all other analytes. Inter-day analytical bias and imprecision at three levels of quality control (QC) was within ±15%. Mean extraction efficiencies ranged from 26.0-98.8%. Applicability of this method was tested using samples collected from individuals randomly assigned to smoke either a joint containing <0.1%, 5.9%, or 13.4% THC content. This method was able to identify and calculate the concentration of 6 of 10 cannabinoids validated in this method.
Facebook as a Social Support Access Point: Exploring the Solicitation of Social Support Subtypes

In this study, we assessed distinct types of social support afforded from Facebook use. We aimed to compare social support subtypes for their salience on Facebook – while holding constant salient interpersonal mechanisms (e.g., interpersonal mattering). Survey data was collected from students enrolled at a large Midwestern university (n = 247). Our findings showed that Facebook intensity was positively associated with perceived social support afforded from Facebook use, with Facebook esteem support standing out as the most salient social support subtype on Facebook (b = 0.32, SE = 0.05, p < .001, R^2 = .16, n = 246). However, we did not expect Facebook intensity to be positively associated with Facebook esteem-support. The counter finding could suggest that we underestimated the potential esteem boosting functions afforded by Facebook use and perhaps overestimated the effect of negative social comparisons. In addition, we found that interpersonal mattering was inversely associated with Facebook belonging support (b = -1.10, SE = 0.33, p < .01). Interpersonal mattering was positively associated with each of the other three Facebook social support sub-scales – net of the positive effect of Facebook intensity. Our study therefore provides evidence that belonging support is potentially one of the most prevalent forms of social support derived from Facebook use, among college students that have a low sense of interpersonal mattering. Implications, data limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Outcomes of Extended Lymphadenectomy for Gastroesophageal Carcinoma: A Large Western Series.

Background The extent of lymph node dissection for patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma remains controversial. We sought to examine the perioperative risk and survival outcomes in a large Western series of patients undergoing limited (D0/D1) vs extended (D1+/D2) lymphadenectomy (LAD) for gastroesophageal carcinoma. Study Design Clinicopathologic and treatment factors for 520 patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma undergoing potentially curative resection at a single institution from 1995 to 2017 were analyzed for their impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality, lymph node yield, and overall survival. Results A total of 362 (70%) patients underwent D0/D1 LAD and 158 (30%) underwent D1+/D2 LAD. Median follow-up was 3.1 years. Patients undergoing D1+/D2 LAD were more likely to have distal tumors, to undergo distal/subtotal/total gastrectomy, and to undergo operation at a more contemporary time than patients undergoing D0/D1 LAD. The median number of lymph nodes examined and the percentage of patients with 16 or more lymph nodes examined was 16 and 53%, respectively, in the D0/D1 group vs 27 and 89%, respectively, in the D1+/D2 group. There were no differences in the rates of major complications (16.6% vs 14.6%) or operative mortality (2.8% vs 0.6%) between the D0/D1 and D1+/D2 groups, respectively. Patients undergoing D1+/D2 LAD had significantly improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.74; p = 0.035) compared with those undergoing D0/D1 LAD on univariate analysis, but this survival benefit disappeared when controlling for the time period of operation. Conclusions Gastrectomy with extended (D1+/D2) LAD can be performed safely at a high-volume Western center, and it improves nodal yield significantly and ensures accurate pathologic staging.
A retrospective evaluation of the impact of patient ethnicity on the use of epidural analgesia or blood transfusions in children undergoing major oncologic surgery

The impact of patient ethnicity on healthcare delivery is well documented. In this study of children who had undergone open abdominal or pelvic surgery for tumor resection, we sought to compare the use of epidural analgesia or intraoperative blood transfusions between Caucasian and non-Caucasian children. A retrospective study of 139 children was performed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the specified perioperative factors and patient ethnicity. The average age (standard deviation) was 11 years (± 5), 50% were female, and 58% were Caucasian. Compared to Caucasian children, non-Caucasian children were younger (difference in mean, − 2.6 years; 95% confidence interval [− 4.3, − 0.9], p = 0.003), underwent shorter procedures (difference in mean anesthesia minutes, − 134; 95% confidence interval [− 230, − 39], p = 0.006), and had a lower proportion of patients who received epidural analgesia (66% versus 81%, p = 0.042) or blood transfusions (48% versus 65%, p = 0.039). In the adjusted model, patient ethnicity was not associated with the receipt of epidural analgesia (odds ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval [0.23, 1.21], p = 0.132) or blood transfusions (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval [0.29, 2.04], p = 0.600). The use of epidural analgesia or blood transfusions was associated with abnormal coagulation factors (odds ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval [0.14, 0.71], p = 0.005) and the duration of surgery (odds ratio 1.007, 95% confidence interval [1.005, 1.009], p < 0.001), respectively. In this study of children who had undergone major oncologic surgery, the use of epidural analgesia or blood transfusions was not associated with patient ethnicity.
An evaluation of blood product utilization rates with massive transfusion protocol: Before and after thromboelastography (TEG) use in trauma.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if thromboelastography (TEG) is associated with reduced blood product utilization for trauma patients undergoing massive transfusion protocol (MTP) compared to traditional coagulation tests. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on an intent-to-treat basis of trauma patients undergoing MTP (Pre-TEG = Period I vs. Post-TEG = Period II). Traditional coagulation tests guided transfusion during Period I (n = 20) and the intent was that TEG guided transfusions during Period II (n = 47). Blood product administration and outcomes were compared. Results Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in red blood cell transfusions (11 vs. 6 units, P = 0.001), number of patients receiving fresh frozen plasma (85.0 vs. 17.0%, P Conclusion Use of TEG-guided transfusion in the critically-ill trauma patient conserved blood product utilization and appears to offer similar outcomes when compared to traditional coagulation tests.
DECAY OF 66-MIN $sub 4$$sub 9$In$sup 11$$sup 0$

A source of pure 66-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$, particularly free from 4.9-h ${\mathrm{In}}^{110m}$, has been made by bombarding a natural indium foil with about 100-MeV protons, and chemically separating tin (predominantly ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{110}$, which is the parent of only 66-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$) from the indium target. Scintillation spectrometer studies have shown that the well known 280-keV gamma ray is emitted in the decay of 4-h ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{110}$ to 66-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$, and the following gamma rays are emitted in the decay of 66-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$: 656, 820, 1120, 1400, 1630, 1780, 2130, 2300, 2400, 2600, 2750, 3000, 3400, and 3650 KeV. The following levels in ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{110}$, fed from the decay of 66-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$, are postulated: 656, 1474, 1541, 1790, 1910, 2060, 2820, 3110, 3400, and 3650 keV. From the study of gamma rays in simultaneous coincidence with two annihilation quanta, the intensity of the positron branching to the 656-, 1474-, and 1790-keV states are estimated to be 71, 0.2, and 0.1%, respectively. The $log\mathrm{ft}$ to these states are calculated to be 5.5, 7.4, and 7, respectively. It is concluded that the allowed positron decay to the 1474-keV state is retarded by a factor of about 100.
Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction following Neuropsychological Assessment for Adults: A Community Hospital Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study.

Objective Patients and other stakeholders generally report high satisfaction with neuropsychological evaluations (NPEs), but no research has examined effects of cognitive, emotional, and other factors that often prompt evaluations. A prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine self-reported cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, self-efficacy, motivation, and satisfaction following a NPE. Method Participants from a neuropsychology clinic who were diagnosed with AD/HD and/or a DSM-IV mood disorder based on a NPE were included, and excluded if diagnosed with dementia or failure on performance validity tests. Results To examine whether a NPE with an interventional feedback session was associated with outcomes, changes from baseline to post-feedback session were examined with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Pearson correlations determined whether changes in hypothesized mechanisms (i.e., self-efficacy, goal importance and confidence ratings, and use of cognitive strategies) were related to changes in cognitive or psychiatric symptom severity. At follow-up, participants reported reductions in psychiatric (change in Brief Symptom Inventory depression: M = -2.8, SD = 4.4, range = -11 to 8, ${\eta}_p^2$=.30; anxiety: M = 3.2, SD = 6.6, range = -21 to 10, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .20) and cognitive symptoms (change in Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire attention: M = -0.3, SD = 0.5, range = -1.6 to 0.5, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .31; verbal memory: M = -0.3, SD = 0.5, range = -1.1 to 0.5, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .24; language: M = -0.4, SD = 0.4, range = -1.3 to 0.4, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .48), and improved cognition (change in Meta-Memory Questionnaire ability: M = 4.4,SD = 6.2, range = -10 to 16, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .35; contentment: M = 4.3, SD = 4.5, range = -7 to 14, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .49). Participants reported increased self-efficacy for general and evaluation-specific goals. Increased goal-specific self-efficacy was associated with large reductions in psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the NPE. Results support the clinical utility of NPE and feedback, and underscore the importance of individualized goal setting as part of the evaluation process.
Knowledge flows between universities and industry: the impact of distance, technological compatibility, and the ability to diffuse knowledge

This paper uses citations to university-issued patents to investigate the knowledge flow from 91 US research universities to businesses assigned to 142 US cities or metropolitan areas (MSAs) from which they filed their patent applications. The citation of university patents depends on the various types of separation between the universities (origin) and businesses (destination) measured by distance, technological compatibility, and the presence of a state or local border. The analysis also accounts for university and citing region fixed effects. We use these to report original measures of the ability of universities to diffuse knowledge and the capacity of firms in MSAs to absorb university knowledge. We find that citations to university patents are significantly higher for universities in the same location as the citing firms, and the same location effect is greater for public than private universities. The distance indicator variables show that citations at distances beyond 50 miles are not different from citations beyond 2000 miles. Technological compatibility of university and industry patents has a large impact on university patent citations and exhibits considerably variation across university–MSA/city pairs. MIT has the largest fixed effect (diffusion) estimate, and its value is more than twice the diffusion estimate of Stanford, the university with the second highest value. The academic quality of universities and characteristics of their technology transfer office are found to positively impact the ability of universities to diffuse knowledge.