cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensitive mutants of BHK cells affected in cell cycle progression.

Three different temperature sensitive mutants derived from the Syrian hamster cell line BHK 21 were found to have greatly reduced DNA synthesis at the non-permissive temperature. These mutants are distinct by complementation analysis and behave at the non-permissive temperature as cell cycle traverse defective mutants. Microfluorometric analysis of mutant populations arrested at the non-permissive temperature shows an accumulation of cells with G1 DNA content. Mutants ts 13 and ts HJ4 synchronized in G1 by serum or isoleucine deprivation and shifted to the non-permissive temperature at the time of release do not enter the S phase, while in the case of mutant ts 11 preincubation at the non-permissive temperature before release is required to completely prevent its entry into S. Ts 13 and ts 11 are able to traverse the S phase at the non-permissive temperature when synchronized at the boundary G1/S; in this case, preincubation of ts 11 at the non-permissive temperature before release does not affect the ability of these cells to perform DNA synthesis. On the other hand, ts HJ4 appears to traverse S only partially when tested under similar conditions. Temperature shift experiments of mutant populations at different times after isoleucine synchronization suggest that ts 13 and ts 11 are blocked at the non-permissive temperature in early G1, whereas ts HJ4 is probably affected near the initiation of DNA synthesis, or in some early S function.
Effect of martensitic transformation in Ti–15 at %V -phase particles on lamellar boundary decohesion in -TiAl Part II Finite element analysis of crack-bridging phenomenon

The commercial finite element package ABAQUS has been used to analyse the crack bridging process by Ti-15 at%V β-phase particles dispersed in γ-TiAl matrix in the presence of particle–matrix decohesion. Both the particle–matrix decohesion potential and the β-phase materials constitutive relations are found to have a major effect on the ductility, fracture toughness and failure mode of the β–γ two-phase material. The interface potential is found to primarily affect the distribution of the normal interface strength ahead of the advancing interfacial crack and the mode (gradual versus sudden) of decohesion. The β-phase materials constitutive relations are found to influence the location of nucleation of the interfacial cracks and, in turn, the mode of decohesion. A metastable β-phase that can plastically deform at low stress levels by undergoing a stress-assisted martensitic transformation, but experience a high rate of strain hardening is found to give rise to the largest levels of ductility and fracture toughness is the β–γ two-phase material. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part II: Supercell and QLCS Tornado Environments

AbstractA sample of 22 901 tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events, filtered on an hourly 40-km grid, was collected for the period 2003–11 across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Convective mode was assigned to each case via manual examination of full volumetric radar data (Part I of this study), and environmental information accompanied each grid-hour event from the hourly objective analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). Sounding-derived parameters related to supercells and tornadoes formed the basis of this investigation owing to the dominance of right-moving supercells in tornado production and the availability of supercell-related convective parameters in the SPC environmental archive. The tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events were stratified by convective mode and season. Measures of buoyancy discriminated most strongly between supercell and quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) tornado events during the winter, while bulk wind differences ...
Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacteria

Mycobacterial susceptibility testing is important for the management of patients with tuberculosis and those with disease caused by certain nontuberculous mycobacteria. To help standardize methods used in the clinical microbiology laboratory for testing susceptibility of mycobacteria, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) recently updated NCCLS document M24-T (published in 1995), which is the tentative standard for antimycobacterial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The second edition of the NCCLS tentative standard (document M24-T2) differs considerably from the initial document. It contains revised guidelines for the testing of M. tuberculosis complex and newly proposed guidelines for the testing of some nontuberculous mycobacteria, including the rapidly growing mycobacteria (Mycobacterium fortuitum group, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium abscessus), Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium marinum, as well as Nocardia species and other aerobic actinomycetes. The recommendations for mycobacterial susceptibility testing that are outlined in NCCLS document M24-T2 are reviewed.
Recent advances in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Abbreviations: ABM activated bone marrow; alloBMT allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation; APC antigenpresenting cell; BM bone marrow; CML chronic myelogenous leukemia; CMV cytomegalovirus; DC dendritic cell; DLI donor-lymphocyte infusion; EBV Epstein-Barr virus; GCSF granulocyte colony–stimulating factor; GMCSF granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor; GVHD graft-vs-host disease; HCQ hydroxychloroquine; HLA human leukocyte antigen; HSV-tk herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase; IL interleukin; LPD lymphoproliferative disorder; MHC major histocompatibility complex; MM multiple myeloma; NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; NST nonmyeloablative stem-cell transplant; PB peripheral blood; RREOT regimen-related end organ toxicity; TBI total-body irradiation; TCD T-cell depletion; UCB umbilical-cord blood
Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Culturally Competent Health Care Among Youth and Young Men

Racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care are receiving increasing national attention from the fields of public health and medicine. Efforts to reduce disparities should adopt a life-span approach and recognize the role of gender. During adolescence, young people make increasingly independent decisions about health-related behavior and health care, while developing gender identity. Little is known about how cultural context shapes gender identity and gender identity's influence on health-related behavior and health care utilization. The authors review disparities in health status and health care among adolescents, especially young men, by reviewing health care access, clinical services, and issues related to culture, identity, and acculturation. Significant differences in health status by gender exist in adolescence, with young men faring worse on many health markers. This article discusses gaps in research and offers recommendations for improving health care quality and strengthening the resear...
Critical point and vapor pressure of ionic fluids including NaCl and KCl

Abstract The critical properties and the vapor and liquid densities of NaCl, KCl, and the primite-model ionic fluid are compared on a corresponding-states basis. In preparation for these comparisons the vapor density of NaCl at very high temperature is calculated from the accurate molecular parameters. The very recent treatment of Gillan is adopted for the primitive model. The liquid properties of KCl and NaCl follow corresponding states exactly but there is some discrepancy for the ion pair in the vapor. The differences are greater for the primitive model but again the agreement is quite good for the liquid. Critical properties are reported for all three fluids.
The treatment of chorea by induced fever

Summary Intravenous injections of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine as a means of inducing fever have been used in 150 attacks of chorea. Comparison of the duration of chorea in the hospital in 150 attacks treated by other methods show that the duration of the attacks has been reduced from an average of 27.4 days in the mild untreated cases to 5.72 in the mild treated cases; from 44 days in the untreated moderate cases to 8.56 in the moderate treated cases; and from 62.4 days in the severe untreated cases to 15.8 days in the severe treated cases. We conclude, therefore, that fever therapy is a satisfactory method of treatment of chorea.
Large deviations for diffusion processes in duals of nuclear spaces

Motivated by applications to neurophysiological problems, various authors have studied diffusion processes in duals of countably Hilbertian nuclear spaces governed by stochastic differential equations. In these models the diffusion coefficients describe the random stimuli received by spatially extended neurons. In this paper we present a large deviation principle for such processes when the diffusion terms tend to zero in terms of a small parameter. The lower bounds are established by making use of the Girsanov formula in abstract Wiener space. The upper bounds are obtained by Gaussian approximation of the diffusion processes and by taking advantage of the nuclear structure of the state space to pass from compact sets to closed sets.
'Key' and 'Treasure Chest' Configurations in Goethe's Works: A Comparative Overview in Poetological Perspective

Goethe's self-reflection as a poet and his life-long investigation into the creative as well as the perilous power of the imagination are analyzed in this article which traces varying configurations of the interrelated motifs of 'key' and 'treasure chest' in works from Triumph der Empfi ndsamkeit to Wanderjahre and Faust II . The study demonstrates Goethe's increasing understanding, mastery, and poetological depiction especially of the artistic imagination in correlation with other cognitive faculties. Key and treasure chest constellations assume generally symbolic and specifically epistemological significance when linked to the three principal expressions and directions the imagination takes in Goethe's oeuvre: While the Faust dramas are characterized by the instrumental "Mephistophelian fantasy," the "therapeutic imagination" clearly dominates both Wilhelm Meister novels. The combination of the latter with the "playfully creative imagination" in two of Goethe's fairy tales initiates an amazing metamorphosis and expansion of the key and treasure chest motif, ingeniously merging meaning and enchantment.
Failure of the pineal body of two species of birds (Coturnix coturnix japonica andPasser domesticus) to show electrical responses to illumination

Dans l'epiphyse de 2 especes d'oiseaux il n'a pas ete possible de demontrer une relation entre le potentiel electrique et les variations d'illumination. On peut en conclure que chez ces oiseaux l'epiphyse n'est pas un photorecepteur dans le sens conventionnel.
Propagation Delays in Fixed-Priority Scheduling of Periodic Tasks

In many multi-rate periodic control systems, information flows from control modules driven at lower rates to modules driven at higher rates (i.e., from lower-priority tasks to higher-priority tasks when rate monotonic scheduling is used). If such information flow occurs in the system, unexpectedly long delays in information propagation (longer than the sum of the periods) may be observed. This could cause a serious problem because the system cannot start responding to the change in the input until more than this delay has elapsed. This paper analyzes the information propagation delay for multi-rate periodic control systems in which periods are harmonically related (i.e., are multiples of all smaller periods). We show that, although the information propagation delay may be arbitrarily longer than the longest period, if the information flows from lower-priority tasks to progressively higher-priority tasks, the delay is always less than three times the longest period in the sequence. Furthermore, if the processor utilization is small, we show that the upper bound on the delay can drop to below twice the longest period. We show that these bounds are tight.
64.4L: Late‐News Paper: A New Quick‐Adjust Head Mounted Display System

A new SXGA OLED head mounted display (HMD) has been developed which can be easily and quickly fit to the user. Tradeoffs were studied to optimize the optical display performance with cost to meet the needs of simulation and training applications.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of single molecules on an optofluidic chip

We review our recent progress in bringing fluorescent correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of single molecules on a silicon optofluidic platform. Starting from basic concepts and applications of FCS we move to a description of our integrated optofluidic device, briefly outlining the physics behind its function and relevant geometrical characteristics. We then derive an FCS theoretical model for our sensor geometry, which we subsequently apply to the examination of molecular properties of single fluorophores and bioparticles. The model allows us to extract the diffusion coefficient, translational velocity and local concentration of particles in question. We conclude with future directions of this research.
Medication non-adherence in essential tremor

Abstract Background There are numerous studies of medication adherence in a variety of chronic diseases including Parkinson's disease; however, there are no such studies in patients with essential tremor (ET). This study aimed to (1) present self-report data on medication adherence in ET cases, (2) examine the demographic and clinical factors that might be associated with lower medication adherence. Methods 151 ET cases were enrolled in a clinical-epidemiological study at Columbia University. An 11-item medication adherence questionnaire, modeled after the Morisky medication adherence questionnaire, was administered. Results Seventy-three (48.3%) of 151 cases were taking daily medication for ET. One-third (24/73; 32.9%) of cases reported that they sometimes forgot to take their medication, and 1 in 5 (15/73; 20.5%) reported missed doses within the past week. Most striking was that nearly 1 in 4 (17/73; 23.3%) reported that there were whole days in the past two weeks in which they had not taken their medication. A factor analysis revealed four factors that captured different aspects of non-adherence. Higher non-adherence was associated with more depressive symptoms, younger age, and less severe tremor but was not associated with type or number of ET medications. Conclusions Approximately one in four ET patients reported whole days in the past two weeks in which they had not taken their medication. It is possible that this relatively high rate of non-adherence could be a function of the poor therapeutic efficacy of the medications currently available to treat ET.
The Impact of Church Activities and Socialization on African-American Religious Commitment*

Objective. This article examines religious commitment (church involvement, private devotionalism, and religious salience) among African Americans as a function of being served by a religious congregation, perception of the historical role of the church in relation to the group, and religious and racial socialization. Methods. Drawing on traditional Christian expectations of the church, hypotheses are tested using the 1979–1980 National Survey of Black Americans. Three alternative models are tested that explicitly compare the effects of church activities with conventional socialization and demographic models of religious commitment. Results. The results show that the church's fulfillment of its normative roles of discipleship and ministry is profoundly important for understanding religiosity, even controlling for other conventional predictors. Conclusions. The analysis illustrates a central, and previously unaddressed, link between religious institutions and individual religiosity. The results have consequences for churches that might consider reprioritizing their activities in response to faith-based initiatives because social-service types of church activities influence religious commitment to a lesser degree than activities that emphasize spiritual growth.
Syntactic versus semantic performances of agrammatic Broca's aphasics on tests of constituent-element-ordering.

Ten agrammatic Broca's aphasics ordered written sentence constituents to form simple, active-declarative sentences of the structure the N + is/are + V + ing + the + N. Four specific linguistic task...
Proportion regulation in Dictyostelium is altered by oxygen

Abstract Submerged cell aggregates of Dictyostelium form the anterior and posterior tissues seen in slugs, but the proportion of the tissues is altered [36]. The proportion of anterior tissue in such aggregates, about twice that found in normal slugs, is due to the elevated oxygen concentration used in submerged cultures. When the oxygen concentration in submerged cultures is reduced to levels similar to that encountered by slugs at an air-water interface, the percentage of anterior tissue is approximately halved. Conversely, raising the atmospheric oxygen concentration surrounding slugs from 21 % to 30% causes a doubling in the proportion of anterior cells. Higher oxygen concentrations cause no further increase. Changes in the pH of the medium, which occur when Dictyostelium is exposed to increased oxygen concentrations, are shown not to affect the proportion of anterior cells. As it is likely that oxygen affects tissue proportions through metabolism, it is suggested that the control of oxygen concentration may be useful in identifying proportion-regulating morphogens.
Genetic relationships among populations of Florida bass

Abstract Florida bass Micropterus floridanus are endemic to peninsular Florida and co-occur with largemouth bass M. salmoides in a natural intergrade zone in the northern portions of the state. In this study, we resolved the genetic population structure among populations of largemouth bass, Florida bass, and their interspecific hybrids from 48 lakes and streams across Florida, and we updated and refined the southernmost boundary of introgression. Nuclear (allozyme and microsatellite) and mitochondrial (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers produced somewhat different results. Microsatellite genotypes alone and the combination of all nuclear genotypes resolved genetic structure among four regional groups within Florida: (1) northwest, (2) north-central, (3) central-west, and (4) south, central-east, and northeast. Allozyme genotypes alone did not resolve well-defined groups. The distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes suggested that populations from the St. Johns River drainage should be consi...
The elasticity of elasticity

In this note we assert that the usual interpretation of what one means by “elasticity” is much too insular and illustrates our thesis by introducing implicit constitutive theories that can describe the non-dissipative response of solids. There is another important aspect to the introduction of such an implicit approach to the non-dissipative response of solids, the development of a hierarchy of approximations wherein, while the strains are infinitesimal the relationship between the stress and the linearized strain is non-linear. Such approximations would not be logically consistent within the context of explicit theories of Cauchy elasticity or Green elasticity that are currently popular.
Mechanistic Pathways of the Hydroxyl Radical Reactions of Quinoline. 1. Identification, Distribution, and Yields of Hydroxylated Products

The mechanistic details of the hydroxyl radical-induced transformations of quinoline have been elucidated. The nature and distribution of the final products have provided insight into the preferential attack of the hydroxyl radicals at different sites on the aromatic rings. Hydroxylated products at all of the carbon atoms but one, C2, have been observed and quantified following controlled radiolysis of N2O-purged aqueous quinoline solutions. The difference in the growth pattern and the lifetime of the monohydroxylated products under radiolytic conditions, as well as the formation of high-molecular-weight products (e.g., quinoline dimers), shows the complexity of the •OH reaction pathways. The radiolytic yields (G values) for the degradation of the quinoline and the formation of the hydroxylated products are calculated in the absence and in the presence of an oxidant, K3Fe(CN)6. The addition of K3Fe(CN)6 changes only the distribution of the hydroxylated products. These experiments indicate that the nature ...
Joining alumina/zirconia ceramics

Dense compacts consisting of 40 vol.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-60 vol.% 3 mol% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-stabilized ZrO{sub 2} (YSZ) were joined with an interlayer of 50 vol.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-50 vol.% YSZ. A joint was also made at 1200 {sup o}C with an interlayer that was 50 vol.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-50 vol.% ZrO{sub 2}, in which the average particle size of both powders was {<=}20 nm. The joint materials were applied by aerosol spraying, and thus the technique is suitable for commercial application. Superplastic deformation at 1200--1350 {sup o}C required {<=}2 h to form fully dense joints in which minimal grain growth occurred. Virtually perfect joints were also made with various other ratios of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YSZ.
Hormonal contraception and platelet function

Abstract Combination oral contraceptives have been epidemiologically associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. These contraceptives contain both estrogen and a 19-nortestosterone progestin, either of which might be associated with hemostatic changes that are associated with thromboembolic complications (1,2). Epidemiological data seem to suggest that the progestin in particular might be associated with a higher risk of arterial complications such as myocardial ischemia (3). Norplant, a system of six subdermally placed capsules of levonorgestrel, has recently been introduced in the United States after extensive testing and experience. While several hemostatic parameters (increased platelet counts and aggregation, shortened PT and APTT, and a decrease in vitamin K dependent factors) have been reported to be significantly altered among users of levonorgestrel (4,5), platelet alterations have not been studied in depot levonorgestrel users. Hemostatic tests have now been developed that may more closely resemble in vivo conditions (6), including formation of the primary hemostatic plug with the Thrombostat 4000 (6,7) and whole blood aggregation and ATP release (8). The purpose of this study was to examine these functional platelet parameters in patients using oral combined estrogen-progestin and depot progestin-only hormonal contraceptives.
Study of the 86Kr(d, t)85Kr and 86Kr(d, d′)86Kr reactions

Abstract Low-lying levels of 85Kr and 86Kr were studied by the 86Kr(d, t) and 86Kr(d, d′) reactions. The outgoing tritons and scattered deuterons were simultaneously detected using solid state detectors, in a particle identification arrangement. Angular distribution of the reaction products were taken between 20° and 90°. Many new levels in 85Kr were observed and a ln = 1 angular momentum transfer was assigned to the transition leading to the 1.12 MeV state. Six energy levels up to excitation energy of 3.5 MeV were observed in 86Kr. The first 2+ state in 86Kr was found to be at 1.56 MeV. A comparison between the level structure obtained in this work and the proposed decay scheme of 86Br is discussed.
Nonlinear adaptive analysis via quasi-Newton approach

Abstract The quasi-Newton (QN) method has proven to be the most effective optimization method. The purpose of this article is to apply this numerical procedure for optimization problems as well as large deflection nonlinear analysis. A FORTRAN program developed to calculate constrained problems is used as the basic code within an iterative nonlinear adaptive analysis. The new numerical procedure calculates the displacements of an elastic structure arising from given loading conditions. Then the displacements are added to the joint coordinates. In the deformed position the degrees of freedom of the structure are supported and the negative displacements are applied as loadings, to move the structure back to the old undeformed position. The difference of the reaction forces in both positions specifies the geometric nonlinear adaptive loading conditions. These additional forces, together with the displacement increments, form the QN vectors being applied in an iteration procedure until convergence is achieved. The new numerical procedure reduces the number of decompositions of the updated inverse stiffness matrix (solving a linear system of equations) and therefore is much more efficient than the standard QN approach. Although the word adaptive is mainly used in the sense of an “adaptive control” of a Finite Element mesh size, in this article the word is used for the calculation of the unbalanced forces applying the negative displacement increments as “load increments”.
Trying on Teaching: Effects of a Precollegiate Music Teacher Recruitment Program

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a precollegiate music teacher recruitment program that emphasized authentic context learning and mentoring. Study participants (21 high schoo...
Investigation of ionomers as dispersants for single wall carbon nanotubes

A novel conjugated ionomer was prepared from a diamine and a bis(pyrylium salt). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were dispersed in solutions of the ionomer in N,N-dimethylacetamide resulting in homogenous suspensions or quasi-solutions. These suspensions were used to cast unoriented thin films. In addition, the ionomer/SWNT solutions were used to aid in the dispersal of SWNTs in a soluble, low color polyimide. The use of the ionomer as a dispersant enabled the nanotubes to be dispersed at loading levels up to 1 wt% in a polyimide solution without visual agglomeration. SWNTs were well dispersed in the thin films as evidenced by visual inspection, optical microscopy, and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The films were further characterized for their electrical and mechanical properties.
Differentiation of functional dendritic cells and macrophages from human peripheral blood monocyte precursors is dependent on expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and requires iron.

Iron is required for monocyte/macrophage differentiation of HL-60 leukaemia cells. Differentiation requires induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1), and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint. With iron depletion, p21 induction and differentiation are blocked. To establish the roles of iron and p21 in normal monocyte/macrophage differentiation, we examined generation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages from peripheral monocytes. Monocytes were cultured with interleukin 4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), then treated with lipopolysaccharide to produce DCs or with M-CSF to produce macrophages. Iron deprivation was induced by desferrioxamine (DF). Monocyte-derived DCs had characteristic phenotype and morphology, and stimulated proliferation of naive allogeneic T lymphocytes. In contrast, DCs generated under iron deprivation were phenotypically undifferentiated and did not stimulate T cells. Similarly, macrophages expressed a characteristic phenotype and morphology, and phagocytosed latex beads, but macrophages generated under iron deprivation failed to develop a mature phenotype and had impaired phagocytosis. Iron deprivation blocked induction of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression in both DC and macrophage cultures. Furthermore, p21 antisense oligonucleotides, but not sense oligonucleotides, inhibited both DC and macrophage differentiation. These data indicate that a key role of iron in haematopoiesis is to support induction of p21 which, in turn, is required for DC and macrophage differentiation.
Effects of activated charcoal on binding E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in sheep

Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium have been implicated in food borne illness caused by contaminated milk and meat products. Activated charcoal (AC) was used to adsorb E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in the sheep gastrointestinal tract. Ewes were infected with either E. coli O157:H7 or S. typhimurium and were dosed with 10mg/ml AC slurry. AC had no effect on binding either organism in the rumen, cecum and rectum.
Environmental Education and Service‐Learning

Discusses the concept of service‐learning in relation to environmental education. Observes the similarities between the two concepts. Defines the service‐learning experience, provides brief guidelines for implementing a learning experience, gives examples of service learning and presents implications for action.
Subdaily Earth rotation during the Epoch ‘92 campaign

Global Positioning System (GPS) data were used to estimate Earth rotation variations over an 11-day period during the Epoch '92 campaign in the summer of 1992. Earth orientation was measured simultaneously by several very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) networks. GPS and VLBI estimates of UT1 with 3-hour time resolution were then compared and analyzed. The high frequency behavior of both data sets is similar, although drifts between the two series of approximately 0.1 ms over 2-5 days are evident. The geodetic results were also compared with models for UT1 fluctuations at tidal periods and with estimates of atmospheric angular momentum made at 6-hour intervals. Most of the geodetic signal in the diurnal and semidiurnal frequency bands can be attributed to tidal processes, whereas UT1 variations over a few days are mostly atmospheric in origin.
‘Let the constitution perish’: Prigg v. Pennsylvania, Joseph Story, and the flawed doctrine of historical necessity

Thus, the thing is hid away, in the constitution, just as an afflicted man hides away a wen or a cancer, which he dares not cut out at once, lest he bleed to death; with the promise, nevertheless, ...
Orthopedic considerations in wound healing of the lower extremity.

Successful wound healing in the lower extremity requires a multidisciplinary effort among the plastic, vascular, and orthopedic surgeons. Orthopedic contributions involve resection of underlying osteomyelitis while achieving bone and soft tissue stabilization. Equally important for speed of healing and prevention of recurrence is the management of intrinsic pressures generated from bony prominences, joint instability, or malalignment. To avoid duplication of efforts leading to delay of wound healing or recurrence, it is critical to communicate with the plastic surgeon on soft tissue management of wounds in the lower extremity. This article discusses the orthopedic contributions for the management of deformities associated with foot and ankle wounds, which can speed time to healing rates. The article covers strategies for management of deformities, instability and alignment considerations that contribute to primary wound development or that prolong recalcitrant wounds from healing. General considerations Preoperative assessment from the orthopedic standpoint includes assessment for the presence and extent of bone infection, soft tissue contractures, bony deformities, and malalignment. Coordination with the other disciplines involved with wound management includes timing of orthopedic input to avoid compromising those steps already taken to promote wound healing. A typical example would be timing of bone stabilization methods with that of planned wound coverage. The orthopedic surgeon, through skeletal shortening, may convert a wound requiring a free muscle flap to that needing only a local rotation flap or a skin graft. The orthopedist would need to plan the approach preoperatively in conjunction with the plastic surgeon to avoid compromising possible reconstructive options. Typical examples include access for planned local or pedicled flaps or, in the case of free flaps, sufficient space to connect to the dorsalis pedis or the posterior tibial arteries.
In vitro effect of purified proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on rabbit lung macrophages

Abstract Purified proteases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause agglutination and vacuolization of rabbit alveolar macrophages after 60 min of incubation. Macrophages that had adhered to glass coverslips, when incubated in the presence of the active enzymes showed thread-like material extending in all directions and joining adjacent as well as distant cells. These changes observed on alveolar macrophages did not occur in the presence of heated proteases which were enzymatically inactive.
Early Reactive Synovitis and Osteolysis after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background Little is known about intraarticular pathology following THA prior to the radiographic appearance of osteolysis, primarily due to imaging limitations. MRI has recently been applied to imaging the postarthroplasty hip with the ability to detect periarticular bony and soft tissue pathology; specifically, it is able to detect abnormal synovial patterns and focal bone loss well before the radiographic appearance of osteolysis.
ANALYSES OF SLICE COMPRESSION TESTS FOR ALIGNED CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES

The application of slice compression tests to evaluate the interfacial properties of aligned ceramic matrix composites is addressed. A slice of the aligned composite, which is cut normal to the fiber, is subjected to a constant compressive stress and a constant compressive strain at the top and the bottom surfaces, respectively. The fiber protrusion length vs the applied stress relation during the loading-unloading cycle of the test is analyzed. The interfacial bonding, Coulomb friction at the debonded interface, Poisson's effect, and residual stresses are included in the analysis, and closed-form analytical solutions are obtained. Based on the analytical solutions, a methodology is established to extract the interfacial properties from experimental results. The roles of interfacial bonding, Poisson's effect, and residual stresses on the residual fiber protrusion after complete unloading are also addressed in the present study.
Tnni3k Modifies Disease Progression in Murine Models of Cardiomyopathy

The Calsequestrin (Csq) transgenic mouse model of cardiomyopathy exhibits wide variation in phenotypic progression dependent on genetic background. Seven heart failure modifier (Hrtfm) loci modify disease progression and outcome. Here we report Tnni3k (cardiac Troponin I-interacting kinase) as the gene underlying Hrtfm2. Strains with the more susceptible phenotype exhibit high transcript levels while less susceptible strains show dramatically reduced transcript levels. This decrease is caused by an intronic SNP in low-transcript strains that activates a cryptic splice site leading to a frameshifted transcript, followed by nonsense-mediated decay of message and an absence of detectable protein. A transgenic animal overexpressing human TNNI3K alone exhibits no cardiac phenotype. However, TNNI3K/Csq double transgenics display severely impaired systolic function and reduced survival, indicating that TNNI3K expression modifies disease progression. TNNI3K expression also accelerates disease progression in a pressure-overload model of heart failure. These combined data demonstrate that Tnni3k plays a critical role in the modulation of different forms of heart disease, and this protein may provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Diet and health: new problems/new solutions

Abstract Our premise is that the US government has an established role in both tracking diet related diseases and in prevention of these diseases. As such, we note that the four major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diet are heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes. The trends for these are generally toward decreasing incidence with the exception of diabetes, undoubtedly due in some part to US policies on nutrition. However, the trend for overweight, which is closely related with those illnesses, and for diabetes is increasing. We also note that there are socioeconomic concerns with overweight and the other illnesses that are negatively correlated with income and positively correlated with minority status. Also, children are increasingly becoming a concern due to the increasing incidence of overweight among children. The US government's role has been primarily in regulations addressing labeling and food fortification and developing dietary guidance. In terms of getting people to eat a healthier diet there are three avenues: (1) relying on individual choice between groups of foods; (2) relying on individual choice within groups of foods; or (3) presenting consumers with better food choices by encouraging manufacturers to reformulate foods. We argue that the latter has been neglected as a policy tool in the US arena and that we should be both tracking these foods and formulating policy to encourage positive development of these foods. We raise some possibilities for further study as to how and whether US policy can or should encourage such markets.
The use of local entropy measures in edge detection for cytological image analysis.

SUMMARY Accurate edge detection is a fundamental problem in the areas of image processing and pattern recognition/classification. The lack of effective edge detection methods has slowed the application of image processing to many areas, in particular diagnostic cytology, and is a major factor in the lack of acceptance of image processing in service orientated pathology. In this paper, we present a two-step procedure which detects edges. Since most images are corrupted by noise and often contain artefacts, the first step is to clean up the image. Our approach is to use a median filter to reduce noise and background artefacts. The second operation is to locate image pixels which are ‘information rich’ by using local statistics. This step locates the regions of the image most likely to contain edges. The application of a threshold can then pin-point those pixels forming the edge of structures of interest. The procedure has been tested on routine cytologic specimens.
Magnetic Field Analysis of a Planar Superconducting Undulator with Variable Field Polarizations

A planar superconducting undulator (SCU), which generates horizontal and vertical fields, B x and B y , perpendicular to the beam directions, is inserted in between the magnetic poles of another unit, which generates the vertical field B y . Analytical formulae of the magnetic fields are presented for the inserted, as well as the vertical-field, units. A scaling law may be applied to the SCU. The angle of the coil windings for the inserted unit is analyzed to maximize B x . The range of the optimum rotation angle, for the range of gap/period ratio 0.1 – 0.6, is calculated to be 30° – 40°.
A High-Spectral-Resolution Radiative Transfer Model for Simulating Multilayered Clouds and Aerosols in the Infrared Spectral Region

AbstractA fast and flexible model is developed to simulate the transfer of thermal infrared radiation at wavenumbers from 700 to 1300 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 0.1 cm−1 for scattering–absorbing atmospheres. In a single run and at multiple user-defined levels, the present model simulates radiances at different viewing angles and fluxes. Furthermore, the model takes into account complicated and realistic scenes in which ice cloud, water cloud, and mineral dust layers may coexist within an atmospheric column. The present model is compared to a rigorous reference model, the 32-stream Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT) code. For an atmosphere with three scattering layers (water, ice, and mineral dust), the root-mean-square error of the simulated brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere is approximately 0.05 K, and the relative flux errors at the boundary and internal levels are much smaller than 1%. Within the same computing environment, the fast model runs more than 10 00...
Parental Involvement Routines and Former Head Start Children's Literacy Outcomes.

This study examined the relationship between parental involvement routines and former Head Start children’s literacy outcomes. Former Head Start children (n = 3, 808) from the National Head Start/Public School Transition Demonstration Research Project comprised the sample. Family routines and literacy outcomes in kindergarten were examined, revealing routines at home and school to be beneficial to literacy outcomes in kindergarten.
What did our ancestors eat

Over the millennia various hominoids and hominids have subsisted on very different dietaries, depending on climate, hunting proficiency, food-processing technology, and available foods. The Australopithecines were not browsers and fruit-eaters with very high intakes of vitamin C; rather they were scavengers of kills made by other animals. The hominids who followed did include some cold-climate hunters of large game, but the amount of animal protein decreased with the advent of grain-gathering and decreased further with the introduction of cereal agriculture, with a concomitant decrease in body size. From what we know about food adequacy, preparation, and storage, the notion that the postulated “primitive” diet was generally adequate, safe, and prudent can be rejected. Over evolutionary time, many of our ancestors ate poorly, especially during climatic extremes, and they were often at risk for vitamin deficiencies, food-borne diseases, and neurotoxins. Until the advent of modern processing technologies, dirt, grit, and fiber constituted a large part of most early diets.
On the Essential Multidimensionality of an Economic Problem: Towards Tradeoffs-Free Economics

The foundation of welfare economics is the assumption of Pareto-efficiency and its concept of tradeoffs. Also the production possibility frontier, efficiency frontier, nondominated set, etc., belong to the plethora of tools derived from the Pareto principle. The assumption of tradeoffs does not address the issue of system design or redesign in order to reduce or eliminate tradeoffs as a sure characteristic of suboptimal, inefficient system configuration. In this paper we establish that tradeoffs are not attributes of objectives, criteria or dimensions, as it is habitually assumed, but are the properties of the very sets of possibilities, alternatives or options they purport to value and measure. We use De novo programming, through which the so called feasible set of opportunities can be redefined towards optimal, tradeoffs-free configuration. The implications of tradeoff-free economics are too vast to foresee and elaborate in a single paper; they do touch the very foundations of economic thought. Some numerical examples are given in order to illustrate system-design calculations in linear systems.
Trajectories of Adolescent Alcohol Use in the Year Following a Brief Alcohol Intervention

Objective:Brief interventions have become increasingly popular for youth who engage in problematic drinking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the alcohol use trajectories of adolescents over a 12-month period following the receipt of a brief intervention.Method:The current sample came from two independent studies and consisted of 206 adolescents (ages 13–19; 52% male) recruited through an emergency department or community institution (e.g., courts, schools). Timeline followback methods were used at four points over 1 year to obtain daily estimates of alcohol use behaviors, with daily data then aggregated at the monthly level to examine trajectories of total drinks consumed and maximum drinks on one occasion. Using latent growth curve analysis, we expected a general pattern of increasing use over time, with lower use during the month immediately following completion of the intervention.Results:Models with random intercepts, random linear slopes, and fixed quadratic trends provided good fit...
Language Independent Extractive Summarization

We demonstrate TextRank -- a system for unsupervised extractive summarization that relies on the application of iterative graph-based ranking algorithms to graphs encoding the cohesive structure of a text. An important characteristic of the system is that it does not rely on any language-specific knowledge resources or any manually constructed training data, and thus it is highly portable to new languages or domains.
A direct method for stereo correspondence based on singular value decomposition

This paper proposes a new algorithm for matching point features across pairs of images. Despite the well-known combinatorial complexity of the problem, this work shows that an acceptably good solution can be obtained directly by singular value decomposition of an appropriate correspondence strength matrix. The approach draws from the method proposed previously but, besides suggesting its usefulness for stereo matching, in this work a correlation-weighted proximity function is used as correspondence strength to specifically cater for real images.
Gating of Na channels in the rat cortical collecting tubule: effects of voltage and membrane stretch.

The gating kinetics of apical membrane Na channels in the rat cortical collecting tubule were assessed in cell-attached and inside-out excised patches from split-open tubules using the patch-clamp technique. In patches containing a single channel the open probability (Po) was variable, ranging from 0.05 to 0.9. The average Po was 0.5. However, the individual values were not distributed normally, but were mainly or = 0.75. Mean open times and mean closed times were correlated directly and inversely, respectively, with Po. In patches where a sufficient number of events could be recorded, two time constants were required to describe the open-time and closed-time distributions. In most patches in which basal Po was < 0.3 the channels could be activated by hyperpolarization of the apical membrane. In five such patches containing a single channel hyperpolarization by 40 mV increased Po by 10-fold, from 0.055 +/- 0.023 to 0.58 +/- 0.07. This change reflected an increase in the mean open time of the channels from 52 +/- 17 to 494 +/- 175 ms and a decrease in the mean closed time from 1,940 +/- 350 to 336 +/- 100 ms. These responses, however, could not be described by a simple voltage dependence of the opening and closing rates. In many cases significant delays in both the activation by hyperpolarization and deactivation by depolarization were observed. These delays ranged from several seconds to several tens of seconds. Similar effects of voltage were seen in cell-attached and excised patches, arguing against a voltage-dependent chemical modification of the channel, such as a phosphorylation. Rather, the channels appeared to switch between gating modes. These switches could be spontaneous but were strongly influenced by changes in membrane voltage. Voltage dependence of channel gating was also observed under whole-cell clamp conditions. To see if mechanical perturbations could also influence channel kinetics or gating mode, negative pressures of 10-60 mm Hg were applied to the patch pipette. In most cases (15 out of 22), this maneuver had no significant effect on channel behavior. In 6 out of 22 patches, however, there was a rapid and reversible increase in Po when the pressure was applied. In one patch, there was a reversible decrease. While no consistent effects of pressure could be documented, membrane deformation could contribute to the variation in Po under some conditions.
Electronic identification, personal privacy and security in the services sector

The continued proliferation of services in the economy depends on being able to make co-production secure in the matter of protecting the privacy and security of customer data/information. The increasing prevalence of electronic means of identification, from magnetic stripe cards through touch cards, GSM SIM cards, passive and active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, to contact and contactless smart cards, has created a great increase in the efficiency of some security and consumer commercial operations, and an at least equal increase in convenience for both the public and administrators of these systems. However, these technologies are being used in ever more sensitive applications, and give rise to serious concerns over personal safety and privacy, identity theft, commercial security, and even to some extent national security.