cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PSpice for Digital Signal Processing

PSpice for Digital Signal Processing is the last in a series of five books using Cadence Orcad PSpice version 10.5 and introduces a very novel approach to learning digital signal processing (DSP). DSP is traditionally taught using Matlab/Simulink software but has some inherent weaknesses for students particularly at the introductory level. The ‘plug in variables and play’ nature of these software packages can lure the student into thinking they possess an understanding they don’t actually have because these systems produce results quicklywithout revealing what is going on. However, it must be said that, for advanced level work Matlab/Simulink really excel. In this book we start by examining basic signals starting with sampled signals and dealing with the concept of digital frequency. The delay part, which is the heart of DSP, is explained and applied initially to simple FIR and IIR filters. We examine linear time invariant systems starting with the difference equation and applying the z-transform to produce a range of filter type i.e. low-pass, high-pass and bandpass. The important concept of convolution is examined and here we demonstrate the usefulness of the 'log' command in Probe for giving the correct display to demonstrate the 'flip n slip' method. Digital oscillators, including quadrature carrier generation, are then examined. Several filter design methods are considered and include the bilinear transform, impulse invariant, and window techniques. Included also is a treatment of the raised-cosine family of filters. A range of DSP applications are then considered and include the Hilbert transform, single sideband modulator using the Hilbert transform and quad oscillators, integrators and differentiators. Decimation and interpolation are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the multi-sampling environment. Decimation is also applied in a treatment on digital receivers. Lastly, we look at some musical applications for DSP such as reverberation/echo using real-world signals imported into PSpice using the program Wav2Ascii. The zero-forcing equalizer is dealt with in a simplistic manner and illustrates the effectiveness of equalizing signals in a receiver after transmission.
Universal shadow cone expressions for an atom in an ion beam

Abstract Some universal expressions for the classical shadow cone formed behind an atom in an ion beam have been calculated using the Moliere scattering potential and impulse approximation. As a function of a single dimensionless parameter, these universal expressions cover a wide range of ion-target combinations and ion energies. The expressions are easy to program on a hand calculator and are expected to be useful in discussing a wide range of shadow and blocking phenomena.
A database clustering methodology and tool

Clustering is a popular data analysis and data mining technique. However, applying traditional clustering algorithms directly to a database is not straightforward due to the fact that a database usually consists of structured and related data; moreover, there might be several object views of the database to be clustered, depending on a data analyst's particular interest. Finally, in many cases, there is a data model discrepancy between the format used to store the database to be analyzed and the representation format that clustering algorithms expect as their input. These discrepancies have been mostly ignored by current research.This paper focuses on identifying those discrepancies and on analyzing their impact on the application of clustering techniques to databases. We are particularly interested in the question on how clustering algorithms can be generalized to become more directly applicable to real-world databases. The paper introduces methodologies, techniques, and tools that serve this purpose. We propose a data set representation framework for database clustering that characterizes objects to be clustered through sets of tuples, and introduce preprocessing techniques and tools to generate object views based on this framework. Moreover, we introduce bag-oriented similarity measures and clustering algorithms that are suitable for our proposed data set representation framework. We also demonstrate that our approach is capable of dealing with relationship information commonly found in databases through the bag-oriented clustering. We also argue that our bag-oriented data representation framework is more suitable for database clustering than the commonly used flat file format and produce better quality of clusters.
Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source

The new Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source database from EBSCO fills a niche by producing a bibliographic and full-text resource that covers all the dental specialties. It is international in coverage and includes not only the full text of journals but also of numerous books.
A compact 1V 18.6dBm 60GHz power amplifier in 65nm CMOS

One of the remaining challenges in implementing CMOS 60GHz radios is to cover longer communication distance as the high path loss at mm-Wave frequencies demands higher EIRP, which in turn requires considerable design effort on the transmitter. In addition, to comply with the OFDM transmitting mode of the IEEE 802.15.3c standards, the power amplifier (PA) must be capable to handle a peak power level 6∼9dB higher than the average without sacrificing reliability. With the low supply voltage limitation of deeply scaled CMOS technologies, efficient power-combining techniques are essential. Spatial power combining is an attractive solution to meet the EIRP goal, but at the cost of spending extra power on the complex signal distribution and in order to compensate for the phase-shifter loss. Spatial power-combining solutions also occupy larger area due to the requirement of multiple antennas, minimum antenna spacing, and the transmission line feed network. On the other hand, CMOS PAs with on-chip power-combining structures have achieved 18dBm of output power [1–3]. However, all the combiners comprise multiple stages to achieve both impedance transformation and power combining which not only increase the insertion loss and directly degrade the efficiency, but also consume a significant amount of silicon area, rendering them far less appealing for system integration. This paper presents a fully integrated 18.6dBm CMOS PA based on an efficient and compact on-chip power combiner.
CS intensity as a function of the experimental design

The purpose of this experiment was to compare stimulus intensity effects using a GSR measure in the context of both a Between Ss and a Within Ss experimental design. Two transformation formulas were utilized and both resulted in essentially the same behavioral outcome. Results showed a significant Within Ss intensity effect, but no difference Between Ss.
Psychiatrists' role in teaching human sexuality to other medical specialties.

This article addresses the potential role for psychiatrists in teaching sexuality to other medical disciplines. The authors searched PsycNet and PubMed/MED-LINE for pertinent articles and studies from the period between 1990 and 2009 using the terms human sexuality; teaching human sexuality; teaching methods; education and treatment in human sexuality; and medical practice. The senior author also drew on 20 years of experience teaching other medical specialists. Although few studies exist, the authors identified areas in which a psychiatrist might have particular teaching skills to impart: taking a sexual history; patient and physician communication; the partner’s role; effects of depression on sexual health; sexual trauma and abuse; physical, intellectual, and developmental disabilities; sexual boundary issues; and working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered persons. Psychiatrists deal with complex emotional issues and are alert to subtle emotional cues. They gather detailed histories, screen thoroughly for psychopathology, and consider the importance of interpersonal relationships. These attributes are potentially valuable when psychiatrists assist other specialists in addressing patients’ sexual health. Psychiatrists with additional training in sexuality may be particularly adept in educating colleagues from other specialties.
The Apollonius contact problem and Lie contact geometry

A simple classification of triples of Lie cycles is given. The class of each triad determines the number of solutions to the associated oriented Apollonius contact problem. The classification is derived via 2-dimensional Lie contact geometry in the form of two of its subgeometries—Laguerre geometry and oriented Mobius geometry. The method of proof illustrates interactions between the two subgeometries of Lie geometry. Two models of Laguerre geometry are used: the classic model and the 3-dimensional affine Minkowski space model.
The impact of malpractice fears on cesarean section rates

National birth certificate data from 1990 through 1992 are used to assess whether physicians? malpractice fears lead to defensive medicine. A county fixed-effects analysis of the impact of malpractice claims risk on cesarean-section rates and infant health is conducted. The study provides evidenced that physicians practice defensive medicine in obstetrics but that the impact of increased cesarean sections that results from malpractice fears on total obstetric care costs is small. The study also finds that the defensive response varies with the socioeconomic status of the mother. (The Journal of Health Economics 1999 August; 18(4): 491-522).
Identification of Reduction-Susceptible Disulfide Bonds in Transferrin by Differential Alkylation Using O 16 /O 18 Labeled Iodoacetic Acid

Stabilization of native three-dimensional structure has been considered for decades to be the main function of disulfide bonds in proteins. More recently, it was becoming increasingly clear that in addition to this static role, disulfide bonds are also important for many other aspects of protein behavior, such as regulating protein function in a redox-sensitive fashion. Dynamic disulfide bonds can be taken advantage of as candidate anchor sites for site-specific modification (such as PEGylation of conjugation to a drug molecule), but are also frequently implicated in protein aggregation (through disulfide bond scrambling leading to formation of intermolecular covalent linkages). A common feature of all these labile disulfide bonds is their high susceptibility to reduction, as they need to be selectively regulated by either specific local redox conditions in vivo or well-controlled experimental conditions in vitro. The ability to identify labile disulfide bonds in a cysteine-rich protein can be extremely beneficial for a variety of tasks ranging from understanding the mechanistic aspects of protein function to identification of troublesome “hot spots” in biopharmaceutical products. Herein, we describe a mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for reliable identification of labile disulfide bonds, which consists of limited reduction, differential alkylation with an O18-labeled reagent, and LC-MS/MS analysis. Application of this method to a cysteine-rich protein transferrin allows the majority of its native disulfide bonds to be measured for their reduction susceptibility, which appears to reflect both solvent accessibility and bond strain energy.
Where are we going

This new journal, Surgical Neurology International, has a history going back to Chicago, Illinois, and is very close to me personally. When I was trained, there was only one American journal pertaining to neurosurgical residents, The Journal of Neurosurgery. Dr. Paul C Bucy, who in 1973 was the Professor of the Division of Neurosurgery at Northwestern University, decided that a new journal was needed in the field. He had been trained, as had I, both in Neurology and Neurosurgery, which was the custom in those days both at the University of Chicago where Bucy was trained, and at the University of Illinois, where he was Professor until 1952 when he took the post as Professor of Neurosurgery at Northwestern, where I was trained. In those days there was no Neurosurgical Society in Chicago, although there was a regional society, the Central Neurosurgical Society, encompassing several Midwestern states. Most neurosurgeons in and around the city were members of the Chicago Neurological Society, and regularly that society had presentations that were neurosurgical in character. When one graduated from the University of Illinois program, that graduate was eligible to take either or both of the tests for the Boards of Neurology and Neurosurgery. We all thought of ourselves as operating neurologists.
Genetic and environmental contributions to racial disparities in preterm birth

The preterm birth rate exceeds 12% in the United States, and preterm birth continues to be a clinical and public health challenge globally. Even though preterm birth is a major contributor to infant mortality and lifelong morbidity, there are few effective strategies to predict preterm birth and few clinical interventions to prevent it. Genomic research approaches that identify risk factors at the intersection of genetics and the environment will likely provide insights. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the racial disparity seen in preterm birth. Through the identification of relevant gene-environment interactions that contribute to preterm birth and may underlie the racial disparity in preterm birth, research that will translate to clinical practice and ultimately prevent a number of preterm births is possible. Mt Sinai J Med 77:160–165, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Kinetics of the substitution reaction between aquo cupric ion and ethylene-bis-N,N′ -(2,6-dicarboxylato)piperidinonickelate(II)

Abstract The kinetics of the substitution reaction between aquo cupric ion and the nickel(II) complex of ethylene-bis-N,N′-(2,6-dicarboxy)-piperidine (NiEBDP) have been measured, as well as the equilibrium constants associated with the protonation of the metal ion complexes and the rapid formation of dinuclear complexes. The rate data can be expressed by the following rate law: − d[NiEBDP] T d t = k NiEBDP Cu [Cu 2+ ]+k NiEBDP H [H + ]+k NiEBDP Cu,H [Cu 2+ ][H + ] [ NiEBDP 2− ]. Values of rate constants (25.0°C, μ = 1.25), enthalpies and entropies of activation for the reaction pathways are: k Cu NiEBDP , 2.77 × 10 −2 M −1 sec −1 , 11.7 kcal/mole, −26.4 cal mole −1 K − ; k H NiEBDP , 3.33 × 10 −2 M −1 sec −1 , 14.8 kcal/mole, −15.6 cal mole −1 K −1 ; and k Cu.H NiEBDP , 4.47 × 10 +1 M −1 , 13.9 kcal/mole, −4.3 cal mole − K −1 , respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of steric effects arising from the ring structure of the ligand by comparison to kinetic studies of similar systems.
Structural Correlation Between the Nerve Fiber Layer and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Brn3b Gene

Purpose. Mice with a targeted disruption of Brn3b (knockout Brn3b-/-) undergo the loss of a majority of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) before birth. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) allows for the noninvasive examination of Brn3b-/- cellular loss in vivo.
Two mitotic kinesins cooperate to drive sister chromatid separation during anaphase

During anaphase identical sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. In the spindle, kinetochore microtubules have their plus ends embedded in the kinetochore and their minus ends at the spindle pole. Two models have been proposed to account for the movement of chromatids during anaphase. In the 'Pac-Man' model, kinetochores induce the depolymerization of kinetochore microtubules at their plus ends, which allows chromatids to move towards the pole by 'chewing up' microtubule tracks. In the 'poleward flux' model, kinetochores anchor kinetochore microtubules and chromatids are pulled towards the poles through the depolymerization of kinetochore microtubules at the minus ends. Here, we show that two functionally distinct microtubule-destabilizing KinI kinesin enzymes (so named because they possess a kinesin-like ATPase domain positioned internally within the polypeptide) are responsible for normal chromatid-to-pole motion in Drosophila. One of them, KLP59C, is required to depolymerize kinetochore microtubules at their kinetochore-associated plus ends, thereby contributing to chromatid motility through a Pac-Man-based mechanism. The other, KLP10A, is required to depolymerize microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends, thereby moving chromatids by means of poleward flux.
Responses of blood volume and red cells mass in two strains of rats acclimatized to high altitude

Abstract Two strains of rats, one that adapts succesfully to high altitude (HA) (Madison = M) and the other that adapts poorly and suffers a high mortality rate at high altitude (Hilltop = H) were studied during 40 days of exposure to a stimulated altitude of 18 000 ft ( 5450 m ; P b = 175 ). The time rate of change of blood volume (TBV) red cell volume (RBCV), plasma volume (PV) and hematocrit (Hct), and the interrelationships of these variables, particularlly emphasizing TBV, PV nad Hct as functions of RBCV, were compared in the M and H strains. Sea level control values in the two strains were not different, but by the 5th day at HA RBCV and TBV had expanded to a greater extent in H than M - a difference that was maintained throughout the 40 days - but PV decreased similarly in the two strains. By 30 days the inter-strain differences of RBCV, TBV, and Hct became more pronounced but still no difference of PV was noted. The most significant feature was the greater polycythemic response of H, which at the extreme range was not associated with any further decrease of PV and therefore resulted in rapid expansion of TBV. The probable effects of these responses on cardiovascular function and oxygen transport are discussed, comparing the differences of H and M strains, which became maladaptive in H. The similarity of the responses in H to those of man with chronic mountain sickness is note.
Rotational dynamics of immunoglobulin G antibodies anchored in protein a soluble complexes

The rotational dynamics of rabbit IgG anti-dansyl antibodies anchored in staphylococcal protein A (SpA) soluble complexes were studied by both steady-state and nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy. To aid in the interpretation of the anisotropy data, the results of recently reported hydrodynamic and electron microscopic studies of IgG-SpA complexes were used to calculate global tumbling times of the various complexes and to estimate the steric hindrance of the antibody Fab segments. The anisotropy decays, fitted to the sum of two exponentials, indicated that the Fab arms of antibodies bound to SpA by their Fc regions exhibit considerable flexibility. For the different IgG-SpA mixtures examined, changes in the IgG preexponential anisotropy weighting factors, fS and fL, and the short rotational correlation time, phi S, were relatively small. On the other hand, the long rotational correlation time, phi L, increased systematically when the percentage of larger IgG-SpA complexes in a mixture was increased. The greatest restriction of Fab flexibility was observed for antibodies anchored in the exceptionally compact IgG4-SpA2 complexes. Available electron microscopic data suggest that increases in phi L correlate with increased steric hindrance of the antibody segments. Both native and hinge-disulfide-cleaved IgG experienced similar percentage increases in phi L when bound in SpA complexes. In agreement with our earlier interpretation, the results of this study provide rather striking evidence that phi L mainly represents flexible motions of the Fab segments and not global tumbling: the phi L-values of IgG bound in the various SpA complexes ranged from 101 to 162 nsec, whereas the calculated global tumbling times of the different complexes ranged from about 300 to 3000 nsec.
Combination-drug products: benefit or burden to patients?

Combination-drug products, commonly known as fixed combination-drug therapy, fixed-dose combinations, and combination pharmacotherapy, are products containing two or more active drugs.[1][1] A number of combination-drug products entered the pharmaceutical market after World War II.[1][1],[2][2] Many
Differentiation of HL-60 cells distinguishes between cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of the alkylphospholipid ET-18-OCH3.

The synthetic dialkylphospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) inhibits growth of the acute myelogenous leukemia cell line HL-60. Incubation of HL-60 cells with dimethylsulfoxide causes the cells to differentiate to a granulocyte-like phenotype and become quiescent. Incubation of the DMSO-treated cells with ET-18-OCH3 results in a reduction in cell numbers due to cytotoxicity. In contrast, treatment of undifferentiated HL-60 cells with lower concentrations of ET-18-OCH3 leads to growth inhibition. These data indicate that the model of differentiated HL-60 cells currently used for the study of resistance to growth inhibition is inappropriate. HL-60 cells can be used to measure growth inhibition and at higher doses cytotoxicity. However, the differentiated, nonproliferative, cells can only be used to measure direct cytotoxicity. Therefore, the results of studies directly comparing the effects of ET-18-OCH3 in proliferative HL-60 cells and quiescent DMSO-treated HL-60 cells should be reevaluated. An evaluation of the effects of low concentrations of ET-18-OCH3 (0.5 – 1.5 μM) in proliferating HL-60 cells indicated that ET-18-OCH3 was an effective cytostatic agent at nontoxic concentrations. In summary, studies on the mechanism of action of ET-18-OCH3, or related ether lipids, should carefully investigate differences in the effects at cytostatic versus cytotoxic concentrations.
Synaptogyrins regulate Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in PC12 cells.

Synaptogyrins constitute a family of synaptic vesicle proteins of unknown function. With the full-length structure of a new brain synaptogyrin isoform, we now show that the synaptogyrin family in vertebrates includes two neuronal and one ubiquitous isoform. All of these synaptogyrins are composed of a short conserved N-terminal cytoplasmic sequence, four homologous transmembrane regions, and a variable cytoplasmic C-terminal tail that is tyrosine-phosphorylated. The localization, abundance, and conservation of synaptogyrins suggest a function in exocytosis. To test this, we employed a secretion assay in PC12 cells expressing transfected human growth hormone (hGH) as a reporter protein. When Ca2+-dependent hGH secretion from PC12 cells was triggered by high K+ or α-latrotoxin, co-transfection of all synaptogyrins with hGH inhibited hGH exocytosis as strongly as co-transfection of tetanus toxin light chain. Synaptophysin I, which is distantly related to synaptogyrins, was also inhibitory but less active. Inhibition was independent of the amount of hGH expressed but correlated with the amount of synaptogyrin transfected. Inhibition of exocytosis was not observed with several other synaptic proteins, suggesting specificity. Analysis of the regions of synaptogyrin required for inhibition revealed that the conserved N-terminal domain of synaptogyrin is essential for inhibition, whereas the long C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is largely dispensable. Our results suggest that synaptogyrins are conserved components of the exocytotic apparatus, which function as regulators of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis.
New Signal Flow Graph Topological Formulas for Linear Active Networks

Abstract Topological analysis of the signal flow graph associated with the hybrid system of equations for a linear active or passive electrical network for which the element admittance matrix exists and is diagonal is considered. First, the term cancellation which occurs in Mason's topological formulas is investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the signal flow graph topology such that a term in the expansion of the graph determinant and cofactors either cancels out with another term in the expansion or does not cancel are established. Properties of the associated network which result in non-cancelling terms are given and the number of non-cancelling terms is determined. Second, new signal flow graph topological formulas for the graph determinant and cofactors are proven. These formulas are such that no term cancellation occurs and are readily adaptable to computer implementation. In addition, the number of terms in these formulas is independent of the network tree used to formulate the signal flow graph. Examples are given to illustrate the new formulas.
Continued fraction Cantor sets, Hausdorff dimension, and functional analysis

Abstract For n ∈ N , the sets E n consist of all α ∈ (0, 1) whose continued fraction expansion involves only partial quotients ≤ n . They are fractal subsets of (0, 1) with Hausdorff dimension, dim( E n ), between 0 and 1. Analysis of the related linear operators L s,n f(t):= ∑ k=1 n (k+t) −s f( 1 (k+t) ) acting on a certain space B of functions on (0, 1), yields information about dim( E n ). The main result is that as n → ∞, dim (E n )=1− 6 π 2 n −72 log n π 4 n 2 +O( 1 n 2 ) .
Synthetic studies of didemnins. II. Approaches to statine diastereomers

Abstract A short and efficient route to (3S,4R)-statine has been developed in connection with synthetic studies toward didemnins A,B and C.
Structural characterization of ion-implanted graphite

Ion implantation of graphite is characterized with respect to lattice damage and the distribution of implanted ions. Both the depth profile of the damage and of the implanted ions are shown to follow the models previously developed for ion-implanted semiconductors. Raman spectroscopy is used in a variety of ways to monitor different aspects of the lattice damage while Auger spectroscopy is used to monitor the implantation profile. Both first- and second-order Raman spectra are reported as a function of ionic mass and ion energy. The surface damage is examined by scanning electron microscopy while the microcrystalline regions in an amorphous background are observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Facing the Abyss: Hans Urs von Balthasar's Reading of Anxiety

At the heart of Hans Urs von Balthasar's oeuvre is his preoccupation with the encounter between finite human freedom and infinite divine freedom. While Balthasar's many interpreters have assayed the meaning and implications of this preoccupation, little attention has been given to his consideration of the experiential dimension of the encounter, especially the psychological implications. This essay will address such implications by relating the experience of the encounter to the particular psychological phenomenon of anxiety. It is my conviction that Balthasar clearly identified a correlation between the increasing presence of existential anxiety in modernity with the failure of modern persons to understand rightly the encounter between God and the person. Balthasar's assessment of the relationship between the encounter and anxiety provides his readers with a stimulating and original reading that complements, indeed completes, the philosophical renderings of anxiety provided by his contemporaries. Since the phenomenon of anxiety has not abated, a retrieval of Balthasar's work on the subject is both warranted and timely.
An Approach to Telerobotic Manipulations

This article introduces three areas of study : 1 telefunctioning; 2 a control method for producing telefunctioning ; and 3 an analysis of human-robot interaction when telefunctioning governs the system behavior. Telefunctioning facilitates the maneuvering of loads by creating a perpetual sense of the load dynamics for the operator. Telefunctioning is defined as a robotic manipulation method in which the dynamic behaviors of the slave robot and the master robot are functions of each other; these junctions are the designer's choice and depend on the application. (In a subclass of telefunctioning currently referred to as telepresence, these functions are specified as unity so that the master and slave variables (e.g., position, velocity) are dynamically equal.) To produce telefunctioning, this work determines a minimum number of functions relating the robots' variables, and then develops a control architecture which guarantees that the defined functions govern the dynamic behavior of the closed-loop system. The stability of the closed-loop system (i.e., master robot, slave robot, human, and the load being manipulated) is analyzed and sufficient conditions for stability are derived.
Modulation of Axonal Excitability by High-Frequency Biphasic Electrical Current

The modulation of axonal excitability by high-frequency biphasic (HFB) electrical current was analyzed using a lumped-circuit model of the myelinated axon based on Schwarz-Reid-Bostock (SRB) equations. The results show that axonal excitability could be either increased or decreased by HFB current depending on the current intensity. The increase of axonal excitability is due to the high level of sodium channel activation, whereas the activation of both fast and slow potassium channels plays an important role in decreasing axonal excitability. As the HFB current intensity increases, the location determining the axonal excitability changes from the nodes under the electrode within the "main lobe" region of the activating function to the nodes away from the electrode in the "side lobe" region of the activating function. This simulation study also shows that the modulation of axonal excitability by HFB electrical current could be potentially useful to selectively activate the small nerve fibers in a compound nerve trunk without activating the large fibers. Understanding how HFB electrical current modulates the axonal excitability will further elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the nerve conduction block induced by HFB electrical current.
Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Concentrations Are Related to Frequent Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Elders

Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) were recently identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have related fruit and vegetable consumption to these markers of inflammation and B vitamin deficiency, particularly in the Hispanic population. We examined the relation of fruit and vegetable intake with plasma CRP and Hcy concentrations in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 445 Hispanic elders and 154 neighborhood-based non-Hispanic white elders living in Massachusetts. Diet was assessed with a FFQ designed for this population. There were significant inverse dose-response associations between fruit and vegetable intake and plasma CRP (P for trend = 0.010) and Hcy (P for trend = 0.033) concentrations, after adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of high plasma CRP (> 10 mg/L), and high Hcy (>10.4 micromol/L for women and >11.4 micromol/L for men), was significantly greater among subjects in the lowest quartile of fruit and vegetable consumption relative to those in the highest quartile, 17.9 vs. 9.1% and 58.7 vs. 44.4%, respectively. With each additional serving of fruit and vegetable intake, adjusted odd ratios for high plasma CRP and Hcy were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.96), respectively. Greater frequency of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with significantly lower plasma CRP and Hcy concentrations. Because both of these metabolites are known risk factors for CVD, these findings contribute to the evidence that a higher intake of fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of CVD.
Effects of Instruction on the Decoding Skills of Children with Phonological-Processing Problems

This article reviews research carried out by the Bowman Gray Learning Disabilities Project concerning the role of instruction in the acquisition of word-identification (decoding) skills in children at risk for reading disabilities. A group of 81 kindergarten children were identified as at risk for reading disabilities based on teacher assessment and weak or deficient phonological-processing skills. These children were classified as to type of phonological-processing problem (i.e., phonological awareness or retrieval of phonological information) and were randomly assigned to either a Code or Context instructional method for first and second grades. Children who received Code instruction scored higher than children receiving context instruction on a variety of reading and spelling measures at the end of first and second grades. The elements of the Code instructional program considered critical to the success of a beginning reading instruction program for children with phonological processing problems are discussed.
Characterization of mutual coupling in a multi-function antenna system

For antennas that are mounted on the same object, coupling through surface waves typically is very significant. The accurate characterization of this coupling is instrumental to the design of antennas with required isolation between its multiple functions. When the antennas consist of only conducting elements, they can be efficiently modeled using the method of moments (MoM). However, most MoM programs developed so far are not suitable to the accurate calculation of mutual coupling. For example, MoM programs based on wire-grid models do not accurately model surface-wave coupling. Furthermore, the MoM yields a full matrix equation, the solution of which is very memory intensive and extremely time consuming for a large scale modeling problem when the number of unknown is large. This is because both the memory requirements and the CPU time per matrix vector multiply are proportional to N/sup 2/. To overcome these problems, we considered the application of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) to reduce the memory requirements and computational complexity per matrix-vector multiply to O(NlogN) (Chew et al. 1997, and Chao 1998). Our preliminary investigation shows that the MLFMA can predict accurately the S-parameters that characterize the mutual coupling/isolation between antennas. It is a useful tool for the design and performance evaluation of multi-antenna systems. We consider two antenna configurations to demonstrate the accuracy of our algorithms. The first configuration consists of two inverted-L antennas on a finite ground plane and the second composes two loop antennas, also on a finite ground plane.
Investigation of Applicability of Using Water Mist for Cooling High-Pressure Turbine Components via Rotor Cavity Feed Channels

Mist cooling has been considered as a potential means to significantly enhance cooling the hot components of a gas turbine. However, it is a great challenge to transport mist to locations where cooling is needed due to the high temperature environment and rotating components in the gas turbines. One plausible way is to transport high-pressure water to the rotor cover-plate cavity via a feed channel passing through the vane. The high-pressure water is then atomized to fine droplets (mist) that can be used to cool the rotor cover-plate cavity and possibly the blades as well. This study is focused on investigating whether pressurized liquid water can resist boiling during its transportation through the hot vane and gas turbine interior walls. Both 1-D empirical correlations and a 3D flow computational scheme are used. Results show what could happen during the water transport in the feed channel with various inlet and boundary conditions. Conditions that can avoid boiling have been identified.
Depositional Environment of the Devonian Tully Limestone of Central New York: ABSTRACT

Recent investigation of the Tully Limestone has resulted in the recognition of several general facies. Certain key beds appear to be relatively synchronous units that permit environmental reconstruction of several phases of deposition. In general, Tully deposition occurred in a carbonate mud-depositing sea with an eastern clastic source that exerted decreasing influence through time. The lower part of the Tully Limestone consists of arenaceous deltaic beds of limited areal extent. On the east, abundant Chonetes aurora and occasional Leptostrophia represent the restricted fauna of the brackish nearshore environment. Westward, the addition of other brachiopods, notably Hypothyridina, Atrypa, and Schizophoria, characterizes the more marine facies. Above the lower part of the formation, sandy limestone overlies the beveled eastern end of the delta and grades eastward into an iron-rich oolite which contains pebbles of dark siltstone. Deposition was extended also to the west, where purer carbonate mudstone is developed. The upper part of the Tully Limestone consists of carbonate mudstone characterized by the presence of metriophyllid and auloporid corals, styliolines, trilobites, and pelmatozoans. Toward the middle of this part, and representing normal marine conditions, is a diverse fauna developed to the east in dark calcareous shale and to the west in limestone. Erosion surfaces with burrows, channels, local carbonate-pebble conglomerates and filled mud cracks are evidence for the intermittent nature of carbonate mud deposition and are observed especially in the central and western regions. In the upper part of the formation near the town of Borodino, two elongate mounds of pure carbonate mudstone, about 15 feet high, contain structures similar to stromatactis and grade laterally into much thinner pelmatozoan calcarenites. These mounds are overlain by similar calcarenites which locally contain pebbles of carbonate mudstone. Whereas the lower mound contains a network of auloporid corals that could have been responsible for its development, the upper mound lacks auloporids. The position of the upper mound on the western flank, and quite possibly in the lee, of the lower mound suggests a current-controlled origin. Tully deposition was ended by the reducing environment of the Geneseo Black Shale, which encroached progressively from the west. Local lingering of the carbonate environment is shown by dark argillaceous limestone at the top of the section which contain only scattered remnants of the Tully fauna. End_of_Article - Last_Page 360------------
The Impact of Parental Wealth on Early Living Standards in Israel

This article examines the role of parental wealth as a determinant of the living standards of young adults in Israel. Living standards were examined in terms of four measures: home ownership, car ownership, schooling after marriage, and a subjective evaluation by the respondent. Israel is a strategic site for examining the interplay between parental wealth and living standards because of the particular organization of its housing market. The study focuses on the role of parental wealth in the early years of marriage because young couples in Israel have great financial need at that time but are liquidity constrained. The main finding is that, net of indicators of parental SES and a couple's own income, parental wealth plays a substantial role in the living standards of young adults.
Classical velocity transformations

The Galilean transformation, relating the velocities of a particle observed in two different frames of reference, must be modified if one frame is rotating relative to the other. Introductory courses typically do not mention this fact, inviting subsequent confusion about the kinematics and dynamics of combined translational-rotational motion.
GTPase domain of the 54-kD subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle is required for protein translocation but not for signal sequence binding

The 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP54) binds to signal sequences of nascent secretory and transmembrane proteins. SRP54 consists of two separable domains, a 33-kD amino-terminal domain that contains a GTP-binding site (SRP54G) and a 22-kD carboxy-terminal domain (SRP54M) containing binding sites for both the signal sequence and SRP RNA. To examine the function of the two domains in more detail, we have purified SRP54M and used it to assemble a partial SRP that lacks the amino-terminal domain of SRP54 [SRP(-54G)]. This particle recognized signal sequences in two independent assays, albeit less efficiently than intact SRP. Analysis of the signal sequence binding activity of free SRP54 and SRP54M supports the conclusion that SRP54M binds signal sequences with lower affinity than the intact protein. In contrast, when SRP(-54G) was assayed for its ability to promote the translocation of preprolactin across microsomal membranes, it was completely inactive, apparently because it was unable to interact normally with the SRP receptor. These results imply that SRP54G plays an essential role in SRP-mediated targeting of nascent chain-ribosome complexes to the ER membrane and also influences signal sequence recognition, possibly by promoting a tighter association between signal sequences and SRP54M.
Spatial structures of stream and hillslope drainage networks following gully erosion after wildfire

The drainage networks of catchment areas burned by wildfire were analysed at several scales. The smallest scale (1–1000 m2) representative of hillslopes, and the small scale (1000 m2 to 1 km2), representative of small catchments, were characterized by the analysis of field measurements. The large scale (1–1000 km2), representative of perennial stream networks, was derived from a 30-m digital elevation model and analysed by computer analysis. Scaling laws used to describe large-scale drainage networks could be extrapolated to the small scale but could not describe the smallest scale of drainage structures observed in the hillslope region. The hillslope drainage network appears to have a second-order effect that reduces the number of order 1 and order 2 streams predicted by the large-scale channel structure. This network comprises two spatial patterns of rills with width-to-depth ratios typically less than 10. One pattern is parallel rills draining nearly planar hillslope surfaces, and the other pattern is three to six converging rills draining the critical source area uphill from an order 1 channel head. The magnitude of this critical area depends on infiltration, hillslope roughness and critical shear stress for erosion of sediment, all of which can be substantially altered by wildfire. Order 1 and 2 streams were found to constitute the interface region, which is altered by a disturbance, like wildfire, from subtle unchannelized drainages in unburned catchments to incised drainages. These drainages are characterized by gullies also with width-to-depth ratios typically less than 10 in burned catchments. The regions (hillslope, interface and channel) had different drainage network structures to collect and transfer water and sediment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reported Use and Acceptability of Self-Management Interventions to Target Behavioral Outcomes.

Although self-management interventions have a long history of empirical evaluation, attention has not been paid toward understanding actual use of this class of interventions. From a nationally representative sample of school psychology practitioners, a total of 295 respondents were presented with a description of a self-management intervention as well as examples of elements that may be incorporated including observing and recording one’s own behavior, administering rewards based on self-ratings, and graphing one’s behavior to keep track of progress across time. They were then asked to describe their knowledge, use, and acceptability of such interventions through a 10-item questionnaire. The majority of respondents reported being familiar with, and having used, a self-management intervention in the past year. However, respondents differed widely in terms of the number of components used and the manner in which they were implemented (e.g., types of prompts or evaluative standards utilized). Although many benefits of this intervention approach were highlighted such as increased student empowerment and independence, perceived obstacles to implementation were also noted including lack of treatment integrity and insufficient available resources. Both limitations of the current study, as well as recommendations for applied research and practice, are discussed.
Cross-category effects and private labels

Umbrella effects, or the ability of a brand in one category to generate sales for store brands in other categories, may explain the growth in private labels. We estimate the potential umbrella effects among private label products using a generalised multiple-discrete-continuous extreme value (GMDCEV) model. We find significant positive associations between private label sales in some categories with private label sales in other, related categories. Our results suggest that food retailers would be well-served to develop store brands across categories that are related in either use or production, ‘dairy’ and ‘meat’ private labels, for example, instead of creating uniform umbrella brands as is often the practice.
Activation of NFATc1 is directly mediated by IP3 in adult cardiac myocytes.

The Ca2+-sensitive nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factors are implicated in cardiac development and cellular remodeling associated with cardiac disease. In adult myocytes it is not resolved what specific Ca2+ signals control the activity of different NFAT isoforms in an environment that undergoes large changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration with every heart beat. Cardiac myocytes possess the complete inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+-signaling cassette; however, its physiological and pathological significance has been a matter of ongoing debate. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether IP3 receptor activation regulates NFAT activity in cardiac myocytes. We used confocal microscopy to quantify the nuclear localization of NFATc1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and NFATc3-GFP fusion proteins (quantified as the ratio of nuclear NFAT to cytoplasmic NFAT) in response to stimulation with neurohumoral agonists. In rabbit atrial myocytes, an overnight stimulation with endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and phenylephrine induced nuclear accumulation of NFATc1 that was sensitive to calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin A or inhibitor of NFAT-calcineurin association-6) and prevented by the IP3 receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. Furthermore, a direct elevation of intracellular IP3 with a cell-permeable IP3 acetoxymethyl ester (10 μM) induced nuclear localization of NFATc1. With a fluorescence-based in vivo assay, we showed that endothelin-1 also enhanced the transcriptional activity of NFATc1 in atrial cells. The agonists failed to activate NFATc1 in rabbit ventricular cells, which express IP3 receptors at a lower density than atrial cells. They also did not activate NFATc3, an isoform that is highly influenced by nuclear export processes, in both cell types. Our data show that the second messenger IP3 is directly involved in the activation of NFATc1 in adult atrial cardiomyocytes.
Stability of the β″-Alumina Phase in the System Na-Al-Fe-O

X-ray diffraction measurements were used to determine the equilibrium phases for Na2O·y(Al1-xFex)2O3_m in air for values of x from 0.05 to 0.6 and values of y from 2.5 to 9. The β“ -alumina structure was the only single phase observed. At 1400°C, the β” single-phase region extends for 3.5< y< 7.5 and 0.2< x< 0.55. Precision lattice parameters were determined as functions of x and y.