cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Omitted Values and Normal Families

The center-piece of this chapter is the following remarkable result due to Friedrich Schottky: if f is holomorphic in D(0, 1) and assumes neither of the values 0 or 1, then f is bounded in D(0, r) by a bound depending on r and ∣f(0)∣ only, for each r 0) does not assume 1.] The principal application is the almost immediate fact that a family of holomorphic functions on a common domain, none of which has 0 or 1 in its range, if bounded at a point, is uniformly bounded in a neighborhood of that point. The compactness theorems of Chapter VII then come into play with astounding consequences. Of course “0” and “1” here are convenient normalizations: any two distinct complex numbers would serve as well.
Regulation of steroidogenesis in fetal bovine ovaries: differential effects of LH and FSH

In cattle, primordial follicles form before birth. Fetal ovarian capacity to produce progesterone and estradiol is high before follicle formation begins and decreases around the time follicles first appear (around 90 days of gestation). However, mechanisms that regulate steroid production during this time remain unclear. We hypothesized that LH stimulates progesterone and androgen production and that FSH stimulates aromatization of androgens to estradiol. To test this, we cultured pieces from fetal bovine ovaries for 10 days without or with exogenous hormones and then measured the accumulation of steroids in the culture medium by RIA. LH (100 ng/mL) alone increased the accumulation of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol. FSH (100 ng/mL) alone increased both progesterone and estradiol accumulation, but had no effect on androgens. Exogenous testosterone (0.5 µM) alone greatly increased estradiol accumulation and the combination of testosterone + FSH, but not testosterone + LH, increased estradiol relative to testosterone alone. Interestingly, exogenous testosterone and estradiol decreased progesterone accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Because the highest dose of estradiol (0.5 µM) decreased progesterone accumulation, but increased both pregnenolone and androstenedione in the same cultures, endogenous estradiol may be a paracrine regulator of steroid synthesis. Together, these results confirm our initial hypotheses and indicate that LH stimulates androgen production in fetal bovine ovaries via the Δ5 pathway, whereas FSH stimulates aromatization of androgens to estradiol. These results are consistent with the two-cell, two-gonadotropin model of estradiol production by bovine preovulatory follicles, which suggests that the mechanisms regulating ovarian steroid production are established during fetal life.
ICU Clinicians Underestimate Breathing Discomfort in Ventilated Subjects

BACKGROUND: Breathing discomfort (dyspnea) during mechanical ventilation in the ICU may contribute to patient distress and complicate care. Assessment of nonverbal cues may allow caregivers to estimate patient breathing discomfort. This study assesses the accuracy of those caregiver estimates. METHODS: Thirty subjects were identified from ventilated, hemodynamically stable patients in the special care unit of Maine Medical Center. Those with impaired neurological function or too unstable to waken were excluded. Subjects provided a subjective score of breathing discomfort (0–10 using a modified Borg scale) during daily wake-up from sedation (sedation-agitation score of 3 or 4). Clinicians (physicians, respiratory therapists, and nurses) then provided a blinded estimate of subject breathing discomfort (0–10) through observation of the subject and inspection of ventilator parameters alone. Subject scores and caregiver estimates were compared. RESULTS: All subjects reported breathing discomfort with median score (interquartile range) of 4 (3–4). Caregiver estimates of breathing discomfort were significantly lower than subject scores (2 [0–3]), and the discrepancy was seen in all professions (physicians 1 point lower [0–2], P = .02; respiratory therapists 1 point lower [0–2], P = .01; nurses 2 points lower [1–3], P CONCLUSIONS: Significant breathing discomfort is prevalent in mechanically ventilated ICU patients and is underestimated by caregivers, regardless of profession. The increasing disparity in caregiver estimate as breathing discomfort rises may expose patients to levels of dyspnea that promote anxiety and fear. This study demonstrates the need for further development and standardization of methods to assess dyspnea in nonverbal patients.
EFFECT OF ACKNOWLEDEMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF A FAULT-TOLERANT WIRELESS NETWORK1

Abstract This paper reports the results of a simulation study on the performance of a clustered multiple-hop wireless network subject to both node failures and random channel fading. The objective of the study is to quantify the effect of loop closure frequency and the nodes’ storage capacity on the performance of the network in terms of network lifetime, and packet loss rate. The paper presents our modeling effort, simulation results, and their analyses. The study concludes that in a network where energy is severely constrained, feedback must be applied judiciously. Both the network lifetime and the throughput can be greatly enhanced by additional storage capacity.
Sensitivity and Efficacy in Measurement of Anti-Platelet Medications.

INTRODUCTION: Large prospective studies must be performed to measure the true effect of clopidogrel (Plavix) or aspirin (ASA) in prevention of vascular disease. An easy and accurate point of service instrument will facilitate these studies and confirm effectiveness and compliance with medications. With such a variety of equipment available for analysis of platelet dysfunction, it is important to understand the sensitivity and efficacy of each assay when evaluating patients. We have found significant differences in our comparative studies of the PFA-100, optical aggregation, and Thrombelastograph (TEG) platelet coagulation in normal individuals using Plavix or ASA. METHODS: We have compared these three techniques to evaluate their effectiveness in assessing ASA and Plavix inhibition of platelet function. Eighteen normal individuals, who had been examined previously for ASA effect on these instruments, were studied at baseline and after three days of Plavix 75mg daily. All samples were drawn and run simultaneously. The TEG platelet coagulation assay used whole blood in a sodium heparin tube instead of a 3.2 % citrate tube which was used for aggregation and the PFA-100. The PFA-100 whole blood assays included both collagen-epinephrine (EPI) and collagen-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) cartridges. The TEG platelet coagulation assays were run with arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as agonists. The optical aggregation used platelet rich plasma with AA and ADP agonists. RESULTS: We found significant differences between the PFA-100, TEG platelet function, and standard optical aggregation in measurement of Plavix effect. Optical aggregation and the TEG platelet assay did show the effects of Plavix, with the aggregometer being more sensitive than the TEG platelet assay although much more time consuming. In additional studies, the Plavix inhibition became more striking in the TEG by extending treatment to 6 days, suggesting that future studies should be done after a week (rather than 3 days) to see full effect. In contrast, Plavix effect was absent on the PFA-100. All three assays did show the effects of ASA in previously identified aspirin- responsive individuals. Ideally, one instrument could be used to assess response to both agents. However, the sensitivity of the instrument and the pharmacology of these and future medications must play an important role in the selection of which assay will be most informative for these large population studies in the prevention of vascular disease.
Ultrasound-guided axillary nerve block for ED incision and drainage of deltoid abscess

Deltoid abscesses are common and painful, often a consequence of injection drug use and seen frequently in emergency departments (EDs). The required incision and drainage can be completed successfully with effective pain relief using a peripheral nerve block. The brachial plexus nerve block works well, however it is technically complex with a low, but potentially serious, risk of complications such as phrenic nerve paralysis. Selective blockade of the axillary nerve eliminates the risks associated with a brachial plexus block, while providing more specific anesthesia for the deltoid region. Our initial experience suggests that the axillary nerve block (ANB) is a technically simple, safe, and effective way to manage the pain of deltoid abscesses and the necessary incision and drainage (I&D). The block involves using ultrasound guidance to inject a 20mL bolus of local anesthetic into the quadrangular space surrounding the axillary nerve (inferior to the posterolateral aspect of the acromion, near the overlap of the long head of triceps brachii and teres minor). Once injected the local will anesthetize the axillary nerve resulting in analgesia of the cutaneous area of the lateral shoulder and the deeper tissues including the deltoid muscle. Further research will clarify questions about the volume and concentration of local anesthetic, the role of injected adjuncts, and expected duration of analgesia and anesthesia. Herein we present a description of an axillary nerve block successfully used for deltoid abscess I&D in the ED.
Soil water effects on the use of heat units to predict crop residue carbon and nitrogen mineralization

Soil heat units (degree days) have previously been shown to predict net N mineralization from crop residues and papermil sludge. The present study was designed to identity the effects of soil water potential on predictions of mineralization with heat units and to compare field and laboratory results of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. ‘Ultra’) N mineralization. Lupin-amended soil and unamended controls were incubated at factorial combinations of temperature (15, 20, and 25°C) and soil moisture (-0.30,-0.03, and-0.01 MPa) for 198 days. Incorporation of the lupin residue resulted in net N immobilization. No net N mineralization had been observed for any temperature at a soil moisture level of-0.30 MPa by the close of the incubation study. The number of heat units that accumulated until commencement of net N mineralization did not differ for five of the six remaining temperature x water treatment combinations.The number of heat units that accumulated until net N mineralization began (2058–2814 degree-days) in the present study were similar to those reported in a complementary field study (1990–2360 degree-days). Temperature and moisture interactively affected lupin-residue C mineralization. The cumulative substrate C that had evolved by the time of net N mineralization did not differ for a given temperature between soil moisture levels of-0.03 and-0.01 MPa. Heat units were not useful for describing crop-residue C mineralization in this study. Heat units appear to adequately predict net N mineralization from organic residues at soil water potentials within the-0.03 to-0.01 MPa range, but may not be valid for prolonged drier conditions.
Variation in Screening Mammography Rates Among Medicare Advantage Plans.

Abstract Purpose Prior studies have shown higher screening mammography rates for beneficiaries in capitated managed care Medicare Advantage (MA) plans compared with traditional fee-for-service Medicare. The aim of this study was to explore variation in screening mammography rates at the level of MA managed care plans. Methods Using the 2016 MA Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set Public Use File, screening mammography rates were identified for all 385 reporting MA plans. Associations were explored with a range of plan characteristics from this file, as well as from the CMS Part C and Part D Medicare Star Ratings Data File, Medicare Advantage Plan Directory, and Medicare Monthly Enrollment by Plan File. Results Overall MA plan screening rates were high (mean, 72.6 ± 9.4%) but varied substantially among plans (range, 14.3%-91.8%). Screening rates were higher in nonprofit versus for-profit plans (77.3% versus 71.8%, P P = .001). Among parent organizations with five or more plans, screening rates were highest for Kaiser Foundation (median, 88.4%) and lowest for Molina Healthcare (median, 65.3%). Screening rates showed small but significant associations with plans' contract lengths, enrolled populations, and counties served. Screening rates showed strong associations ( r = 0.796-0.798) with colorectal cancer screening and annual flu vaccine rates and showed moderate associations ( r = 0.283-0.365) with ambulatory and preventive care visits, osteoporosis screenings, body mass index assessments, and nonrecommended prostate-specific antigen screenings after age 70. Conclusions Screening mammography rates vary considerably among MA plans. With increased federal interest in promoting the MA program, enhanced transparency will be necessary to ensure appropriate Medicare beneficiary participation decision making.
No Primacy/Recency Effect Following Truly Random Procedures In The Rat

Following variable-interval training for food, 3 groups of rats received truly random control procedures differing in either initial- or late-session Cs(noise)/Us(shock) contingencies. Subsequent test while lever-pressing (no shock) showed slight Cs-related suppression only on Trial 1 and only for those Ss with initial positive contingency. However, these results were not viewed as supporting previously found primacy effects.
A remark on the stabilized symplectic embedding problem for ellipsoids

This note constructs sharp obstructions for stabilized symplectic embeddings of an ellipsoid into a ball, in the case when the initial four-dimensional ellipsoid has ‘eccentricity’ of the form $$3\ell -1$$ for some integer $$\ell $$ .
U–Pb baddeleyite crystallization age for a Corson diabase intrusion: possible Midcontinent Rift magmatism in eastern South Dakota

The largely buried basement of the northern Great Plains includes suture zones and terrane boundaries that represent a significant part of the growth of Laurentia in the Proterozoic. Basement expos...
Reproductive Surgery and Computer-Assisted Laparoscopy: The New Age of Subspecialty Surgery Is Here

Reproductive endocrinology and infertility subspecialists enjoy a unique perspective of their patients’ reproductive endeavor as well as a deep understanding of the medical, technological, and surgical armamentarium to overcome infertility. As such, it is their privilege and their ethical duty to take full charge of the field of reproductive surgery. Advanced laparoscopic surgery is an indispensable tool for all specialists caring for women seeking fertility preservation, but the individual surgical aptitude and extensive training it requires are formidable hurdles to its adoption within our subspecialty. We illustrate the transforming capabilities of computer-assisted laparoscopy in reproductive surgery and highlight the current and future potential of this robotic technology in fertility preservation. Although this is a technical review mostly intended for a surgical audience, its broader goal is to sensitize all reproductive specialists to the rebirth of high-specialty reproductive surgery.
Racial Disparities in Arterial Stiffness Between Healthy Whites and African Americans in the United States: A Meta-analysis.

Abstract Background African Americans (AAs) present with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at younger ages than whites. Consequently, CVD and stroke occur at a higher incidence and at earlier decades in life in AA populations. Arterial stiffness is a predictor of CVD outcomes and partially explains the CVD risk experienced by racial minorities. We evaluated the differences in arterial stiffness observed in AAs and whites through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for comparative studies published March 1995 to November 29, 2017 comparing arterial stiffness assessments (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and central blood pressure) between AAs and whites. Two independent reviewers examined 195 titles/abstracts, 85 full text articles and 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis using random effects modeling approaches. Main results A total of 5060 white and 3225 AAs were included across 11 relevant studies. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measures were statistically different between AAs and whites (mean difference = −0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −[−0.67, −0.21], p = 0.0002). Aortic femoral pulse wave velocity was significantly different between AAs and whites (mean difference = −0.21, [95% CI] −0.35, −0.07, p = 0.003) regardless of sex. Augmentation index (AIx) and Augmentation index at a 75 beats per minutes heart rate (AIx @75) was also significantly different between AA and whites (mean difference = −4.36 [95% CI] = −6.59, −2,12, p = 0.0001 and −6.26, [95% CI] = −9.19, −3.33, p Conclusions Racial disparities in arterial stiffness persist among African American racial groups in the United States. The lack of homogeneity in studies capturing racial disparities in cfPWV suggest that additional studies are needed to understand the magnitude of racial differences in African Americans and whites that might be clinically relevant.
Development: Socioeconomic Aspects

‘Development’ means different things to different communities of social scientists, and the topic has motivated inquiries employing vastly different theoretical frameworks. Yet, ultimately, development refers to improvements in the conditions of life for groups of people experiencing relative deprivation. Whether pursued through interventions by external agents, such as development assistance agencies, or through initiatives of the targeted communities themselves, development is a process that involves social actors. Indeed, to the extent that particular trajectories of economic change are known to correlate strongly with societal characteristics, development increasingly is understood as a set of processes that reflect underlying social dynamics of the territories in which it takes place. This article sketches the evolution of social scientific thinking about development. After tracing movement away from the conviction that ‘all good things would go together’ in tandem with economic progress, the essay highlights currents of research that illuminate connections between characteristics of social processes and the nature of development outcomes. It concludes by noting promising trends and future challenges for research on development.
A Critique of the American Arbitration Association's Efforts to Facilitate Arbitration of Internal Trust Disputes

The American Arbitration Association (AAA) first promulgated rules specific to wills and trusts arbitration in July 2003. The AAA subsequently has amended those rules several times, most recently in June 2012. This chapter focuses on the AAA’s June 2012 Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules. The Introduction to the AAA Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules points out that every year the executors of estates and the trustees of family trusts, charitable trusts, and commercial trusts administer billions of dollars’ worth of property with respect to the estates and trusts for which they serve as fiduciaries. Inevitably, disputes arise with respect to the administration of these estates and trusts and the interpretation of these wills and trust instruments. The Introduction posits that arbitration may be a suitable means for resolution of these disputes “privately, promptly, and economically, utilizing as the arbitrator a lawyer or lawyers with substantial experience in the area of wills, trusts and estates.” Implicit in the touting of these virtues of arbitration by the drafters of the AAA Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules is the understanding that the drafters sought to promulgate rules for administering wills and trusts arbitrations that would maximize these benefits of arbitration. Moreover, implicit in the very concept of arbitration rules specific to wills and trusts arbitrations is the expectation that the drafters would consider the nature of will and trust disputes in promulgating such specialized arbitration rules and would seek to promulgate rules complementary to this nature. This chapter evaluates the AAA Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules in light of these goals that presumably were at the center of this pioneering effort to craft rules specific to the arbitration of will and trust disputes and therefore considers the extent to which the Rules promote the private, expeditious, cost-effective, and expert resolution of will and trust disputes. The chapter finds the Rules wanting and suggests ways in which adopters might vary the procedures set forth in the Rules to better serve the interests of a testator, settlor, or parties arbitrating a will or trust dispute. The ability to contract around the oversights and shortcomings of the AAA Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules, however, is not a panacea. Ad hoc drafting, especially when it is extensive, incurs the risk of litigation over the meaning of the customized provisions. Indeed, a presumed virtue of adopting an arbitral organization’s rules of arbitration procedure is that the rules will have been utilized by others extensively over time and their meaning will have become settled. Thus, the AAA itself should form a study group to analyze the nature of will and trust disputes and to recommend arbitration procedures best suited to that particular nature. The AAA should then revise the AAA Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules accordingly.
Impact of hospital safety-net burden on oncology patterns of care and outcomes.

6567Background: Safety-net hospitals serve a vital role in treating underserved populations. These hospitals often receive less funding, which could lead to different patterns of care for patients ...
GALECTIN-3 AS A RISK PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN THE RESUSCITATED COHORTS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a catastrophic but unpredictable complication of multiple comorbidities. Patients who sustained SCA have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, but the long-term prognostic utility of galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding protein (G3BP) in the resuscitated cohorts is
Climate change and health beliefs, knowledge, and educational needs among disaster providers.

Abstract Background: Climate change has been called the greatest public health threat of our time. Increasing morbidity and mortality is expected to continue as climate-associated disasters become more prevalent. Disaster health professionals are on the front lines of addressing these health sequalae, making the need to assess their knowledge of climate change and health, and their perceived need for a policy response critically important. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge, opinions, and educational needs of disaster health providers surrounding climate change and health. Methods: A web-based questionnaire assessing disaster health professionals’ attitudes and knowledge on the health effects of climate change and associated policy recommendations was administered to a sample of disaster health professionals. Results: Among the study’s 150 participants, 95% responded affirmatively that climate change exists and is largely caused by humans. Two-thirds (67%) indicated climate change affects their patient’s health and 93% indicated climate change will continue to affect patients in the future. Respondents also believed climate change will impact vulnerable populations such as children under four years old (75%), the elderly (72%) and those living in poverty (71%). Three-quarters (76%) indicated educating patients about climate change and its association with health outcomes should be integrated into health professions education. Conclusion: Disaster health professionals need access to education on climate-change related health impacts, materials for patients and relevant policy information. This research provides evidence from front-line disaster and emergency health professionals that can inform policy on climate change and health.
Hypertension is a Leading Cause of Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the etiology and discharge outcome of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adults admitted to a comprehensive stroke center. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with a discharge diagnosis of nontraumatic ICH admitted from 7/1/2011 to 6/30/2016. Data was collected on demographics, clinical history, ICH score, hemorrhage location, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, likely etiology, and discharge disposition. Categorical data was reported as percentage. Chi-squared test was performed to evaluate association of location of ICH, etiology of ICH, and ICH score with the discharge outcome. Results: Sixty-three patients met the study criteria, with mean age 35.4 ± 6.4 years including 26 (41%) women and 40 (64%) whites. Headache (65%) and change in mental status (48%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Hemorrhage was most commonly seen in the deep structures in 29 (46%) patients followed by lobar ICH in 14 (22%) patients. The most common etiology of ICH was hypertension in 23 (37%) patients, followed by vascular abnormalities in 18 (29%) patients. Forty-two (67%) had good outcome defined as discharge to home (n = 25) or acute inpatient rehabilitation (n = 17). Twenty-one (33%) patients had bad outcome with discharge to skilled nursing facility (n = 6), hospice (n = 1) or died in the hospital (n = 14). Hospital DNR orders were noted in 11 (18%) patients. Higher ICH score (P
18 Language and rape myth use in news coverage of sexual violence in the United States, 2014–2017

Statement of Purpose Explore the inclusion of rape myths and Language to Avoid terms (from the CDC’s Reporting on Sexual Violence guide) in media coverage of sexual violence (SV). Methods/Approach A systematic random sample of SV-related articles published between 2014–2017 in the 48 most distributed newspaper outlets across the US were abstracted and coded (N=2600). We conducted chi-square analyses to explore associations between inclusion of Language to Avoid terms and rape myths (both general inclusion of any terms/myths and inclusion of specific terms/myths) with article framing [focus on specific SV incidents (episodic) vs. social context of SV (thematic)] and whether articles utilized news ‘hooks’ focusing on high-profile perpetrators or organizations involved in the SV incident (e.g., story of SV by a celebrity or professional athlete). Results Nearly half of the articles (46.42%) used Language to Avoid terms and 13.5% included at least one rape myth. Compared to thematically-framed articles, articles using episodic frames were more likely to include rape myths (p=0.03) and, specifically, question the victim’s credibility (p=0.002). Articles discussing SV perpetration by celebrities/professional athletes, government officials/military personnel, or individuals affiliated with churches or non-collegiate schools were more likely than articles not employing these news hooks to include rape myths and Language to Avoid terms. Conclusions Rape myths and Language to Avoid terms still appear in SV reporting despite recent focus on their problematic use. Differences in use within articles framed episodically and articles focused on perpetrators or organizations involved in SV incidents highlight where more concerted efforts may be made to ensure accurate media representation on incidents of SV. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Media portrayal of SV can shape public conversation and propagate harmful social norms about the experience and perpetration of SV. Changing language used in SV reporting may help shift norms and perceptions of SV and support public health efforts to address and prevent future abuse.
Did Hagar give Ishmael up for dead? Gen. 21.14-21 re-visited:

This article advances the thesis that Hagar’s statement in Gen. 21.16, ‘Let me not look upon the death of the child’, is not so much a despairing whimper of resignation as it is a cohortative praye...
Dimerization and spin decoupling in a two-leg Heisenberg ladder with frustrated trimer rungs

We study the antiferromagnetic spin-half Heisenberg ladder in the presence of an additional frustrating rung spin that is motivated and relevant also for the description of real two-dimensional materials such as the two-dimensional trimer magnet ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$. We study the zero-temperature phase diagram, where we combine numerical and analytical methods into an overall consistent description. All numerical simulations are also accompanied by studies of the dynamical spin structure factor obtained via the density matrix renormalization group. Overall, we find in the regime of strong rung coupling a gapped dimerized phase related to competing symmetry sectors in Hilbert space that ultimately results in frustration-driven spin-Peierls transition. In the weak rung-coupling regime, the system is uniform yet shows a gapped spinon continuum together with a sharp coherent low-energy branch that renders the system critical overall. In either case, the additional rung spin quickly gets sidelined and nearly decouples once its bare coupling to the ladder drops somewhat below the direct Heisenberg coupling of the legs.
Growth and Collapse of an Isolated Bubble Driven by a Single Negative Histotripsy Cycle in Agarose Gel: Stress, Strain, and Strain Rate Fields

Histotripsy relies on cavitation to mechanically homogenize soft tissue. There is strong evidence that the high stresses, strains, and strain rates developed as bubbles grow and collapse contribute to this tissue homogenization. While such stresses and strains have been examined computationally in model systems with assumed constitutive models (e.g., finite-deformation Neo-Hookean model) and viscoelastic properties determined under quasi-static conditions, recent studies proposed that the Quadratic Law Kelvin-Voigt (QLKV) constitutive model, which additionally accounts for strain stiffening, more accurately represents the viscoelastic response of soft materials subjected to cavitation; this model has also been used to infer viscoelastic properties at high rates. In this work, we use the QLKV model and these properties to calculate the time-dependent stress, strain, and strain rate fields produced during the growth and collapse of individual bubbles subjected to a histotripsy-relevant pressure waveform in agarose gels of 0.3~\% and 1.0~\% concentration and corresponding to actual (past) experiments. We find that, as the gel concentration is increased, strain stiffening manifests in larger elastic stresses and compressive stresses extending into the collapse phase, particularly for the 1.0~\% concentration gel. As a result, the duration of the collapse phase also increases. In comparison with the conventional Neo-Hookean model, the compressive stress has a larger magnitude, extends farther into the surrounding medium, and shows an increased departure from growth/collapse symmetry close to the bubble; all of these effects are magnified in the stiffer gel.
Management of periocular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: a case series and literature review.

Purpose: To review and elucidate the complex, multimodal management of periocular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with perineural invasion (PNI), and offer practical, evidence-based patient...
Modeling ash deposit growth rates for a wide range of solid fuels in a 100 kW combustor

Abstract This work details a model for evaluating the relative ash deposition propensity of various solid fuels without the complicated spatial considerations included in CFD modeling. Four deposition mechanisms are included, namely: inertial impaction, thermophoresis, condensation, and eddy impaction. This model has been validated and shown to effectively predict ash deposit rates for a wide range of solid fuels including coal, biomass, and their blends, burned in a 100 kW rated downflow combustor. Specifically, this work presents and compares two separate models for the sticking efficiency of impacting ash particles on a coupon surface: the melt fraction stickiness model (MFSM), which is developed here and includes a novel approach to determine sticking efficiency, and the kinetic energy stickiness model (KESM), an existing model used for comparison. To apply the MFSM model, the equilibrium composition of vapor species are calculated by thermodynamic modeling using FactSage. By comparing the root-mean-square-errors of the MFSM and KESM over the wide variety of fuels, it is shown that the MFSM is more accurate than the KESM in predicting the ash deposit rate. This shows that NaCl and KCl are expected to be the main alkali vapor species in the flue gas, for the fuels evaluated.
Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation in Nuclear Density Functional Theory

Nuclear density functional theory (DFT) is one of the main theoretical tools used to study the properties of heavy and superheavy elements, or to describe the structure of nuclei far from stability. While on-going efforts seek to better root nuclear DFT in the theory of nuclear forces (see Duguet et al., this Topical Issue), energy functionals remain semi-phenomenological constructions that depend on a set of parameters adjusted to experimental data in finite nuclei. In this paper, we review recent efforts to quantify the related uncertainties, and propagate them to model predictions. In particular, we cover the topics of parameter estimation for inverse problems, statistical analysis of model uncertainties and Bayesian inference methods. Illustrative examples are taken from the literature.
Many-Body Atomic Physics

Preface Contributors Introduction Part I. Atomic Structure: 1. Development of atomic many-body theory Ingvar Lindgren 2. Relativistic MBPT for highly charged ions W. R. Johnson 3. Parity nonconservation in atoms S. A. Blundell, W. R. Johnson, and J. Sapirstein Part II. Photoionization of Atoms: 4. Single photoionization processes J. J. Boyle, and M. D. Kutzner 5. Photoionization dominated by double excitation T. N. Chang 6. Direct double photoionization in atoms Z. W. Liu 7. Photoelectron angular distributions Steven T. Manson Part III. A. Atomic Scattering - General Considerations: 8. The many-body approach to electron-atom collisions M. Ya Amusia 9. Theoretical aspects of electron impact ionization P. L. Altick Part III. B. Atomic Scattering - Low-Order Applications: 10. Perturbation series methods D. H. Madison 11. Target dependence of the triply differential cross section Cheng Pan and Anthony F. Starace 12. Overview of Thomas processes for fast mass transfer J. H. McGuire, Jack C. Straton and T. Ishihara Part III. C. Atomic Scattering - All-Order Applications: 13. R-matrix Theory: Some Recent Applications Philip G. Burke: 14. Electron scattering: application of Dirac R-matrix theory Wasantha Wijesundera, Ian Grant and Patrick Norrington 15. Close coupling and distorted-wave theory D. C. Griffin and M. S. Pindzola Appendix: Units and notation References Index.
On-Board Diagnostics of Vehicle Emission System Components: Review of Upcoming Government Regulation

Abstract This paper reviews the upcoming California Air Resources Board (CARB) requirements for on-board diagnostics of emissions related engine components. Its purpose is to disseminate this information to the controls community to stimulate new research. The CARB regulations are described and a literature review of possible solutions is presented. The state-of-the-art for current on-board engine diagnostics is reviewed and the desired characteristics of new on-board failure detection systems are outlined. This paper closes with a short review of advanced diagnostic techniques that show promise for resolving problems in this area.
The Light-Front Coupled-Cluster Method Applied to \({\phi_{1+1}^4}\) Theory

We use the light-front coupled-cluster (LFCC) method to compute the odd-parity massive eigenstate of \({\phi_{1+1}^4}\) theory. A standard Fock-space truncation of the eigenstate yields a finite set of linear equations for a finite number of wave functions. The LFCC method replaces Fock-space truncation with a more sophisticated truncation; the eigenvalue problem is reduced to a finite set of nonlinear equations without any restriction on Fock space, but with restrictions on the Fock wave functions. We compare our results with those obtained with a Fock-space truncation.
Manganese Catalyzed C-H Halogenation.

ConspectusThe remarkable aliphatic C–H hydroxylations catalyzed by the heme-containing enzyme, cytochrome P450, have attracted sustained attention for more than four decades. The effectiveness of P450 enzymes as highly selective biocatalysts for a wide range of oxygenation reactions of complex substrates has driven chemists to develop synthetic metalloporphyrin model compounds that mimic P450 reactivity. Among various known metalloporphyrins, manganese derivatives have received considerable attention since they have been shown to be versatile and powerful mediators for alkane hydroxylation and olefin epoxidation. Mechanistic studies have shown that the key intermediates of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed oxygenation reactions include oxo- and dioxomanganese(V) species that transfer an oxygen atom to the substrate through a hydrogen abstraction/oxygen recombination pathway known as the oxygen rebound mechanism. Application of manganese porphyrins has been largely restricted to catalysis of oxygenation re...
The Role of Jumps in Volatility Spillovers in Foreign Exchange Markets: Meteor Shower and Heat Waves Revisited

This article extends the literature on geographic (heat waves) and intertemporal (meteor showers) foreign exchange volatility transmission to characterize the role of jumps and cross-rate propagati...
The Steinberg torus of a Weyl group as a module over the Coxeter complex

Associated with each irreducible crystallographic root system $$\varPhi $$?, there is a certain cell complex structure on the torus obtained as the quotient of the ambient space by the coroot lattice of $$\varPhi $$?. This is the Steinberg torus. A main goal of this paper is to exhibit a module structure on (the set of faces of) this complex over the (set of faces of the) Coxeter complex of $$\varPhi $$?. The latter is a monoid under the Tits product of faces. The module structure is obtained from geometric considerations involving affine hyperplane arrangements. As a consequence, a module structure is obtained on the space spanned by affine descent classes of a Weyl group, over the space spanned by ordinary descent classes. The latter constitute a subalgebra of the group algebra, the classical descent algebra of Solomon. We provide combinatorial models for the module of faces when $$\varPhi $$? is of type A or C.
Motion artifacts in kidney stone imaging using single-source and dual-source dual-energy CT scanners: a phantom study

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown the capability of differentiating uric acid (UA) from non-UA stones with 90–100% accuracy. With the invention of dual-source (DS) scanners, both low- and high-energy images are acquired simultaneously. However, DECT can also be performed by sequential acquisition of both images on single-source (SS) scanners. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of motion artifacts on stone classification using both SS-DECT and DS-DECT. 114 kidney stones of different types and sizes were imaged on both DS-DECT and SS-DECT scanners with tube voltages of 80 and 140 kVp with and without induced motion. Postprocessing was conducted to create material-specific images from corresponding low- and high-energy images. The dual-energy ratio (DER) and stone material were determined and compared among different scans. For the motionless scans, all stones were correctly classified with SS-DECT, while two cystine stones were misclassified with DS-DECT. When motion was induced, 94% of the stones were misclassified with SS-DECT versus 11% with DS-DECT (P < 0.0001). Stone size was not a factor in stone misclassification under motion. Stone type was not a factor in stone misclassification under motion with SS-DECT, although with DS-DECT, cystine showed higher number of stone misclassification. Motion artifacts could result in stone misclassification in DECT. This effect is more pronounced in SS-DECT versus DS-DECT, especially if stones of different types lie in close proximity to each other. Further, possible misinterpretation of the number of stones (i.e., missing one, or thinking that there are two) in DS-DECT could be a potentially significant problem.
Approximate Slow Subsystems for Preserving the Conservative Property of Two-Time-Scale Power Systems

The paper concerns the reduced order modeling of nonlinear two-time-scale power systems by approximate slow subsystems. In particular, we investigate the issue if the full order power system model is conservative, whether the slow subsystems will also be conservative. For linearised models, the slow subsystems obtained from truncated asymptotic expansions are symmetrisable, implying that energy functions can be construted from a Lagrangian. For the nonlinear systems with linearized fast dynamics slow subsystems obtained from the first three terms of an asymptotic expansion shown to possess energy functions. For higher order approximate slow subsystems, this property does not seem to hold.
Public goods, hidden income, and tax evasion: Some nonstandard results from the warm-glow model

Abstract A large literature explores crowd out in situations where public goods are jointly provided; work in this area typically depicts a tax system where individuals take taxes as given. But in some settings, such as those in developing economies, efforts to evade or avoid taxes may be widespread. Using the canonical warm-glow model, this paper considers joint public-good provision in a setting where individuals can evade taxes by hiding their income. The model's implications change significantly in this setting: with hidden income, stronger warm glow will lead to greater crowd out, not less. Using research on crowd out and inter-family transfers, I present suggestive evidence that the model's results may help to reconcile divergent estimates of crowd out in the literature.
An intertemporal general equilibrium analysis of financial crowding out: A policy model and an application to Australia☆

Abstract This paper constructs a two-period, perfect foresight general equilibrium model that analyzes crowding out. Private investment is debt financed, while government deficits are financed by money and debt. The existence of equilibrium is demonstrated and the model is applied to Australia for 1981–1982, the last years for which Australia had a fixed exchange rate. A benchmark solution is derived and two counterfactual simulations are carried out. Small increases in real government spending are found not to lead to crowding out, while an increase in the debt financed portion of the government's budget deficit does lead to crowding out.
Combining Functional Data Registration and Factor Analysis

ABSTRACTWe extend the definition of functional data registration to encompass a larger class of registration models. In contrast to traditional registration models, we allow for registered functions that have more than one primary direction of variation. The proposed Bayesian hierarchical model simultaneously registers the observed functions and estimates the two primary factors that characterize variation in the registered functions. Each registered function is assumed to be predominantly composed of a linear combination of these two primary factors, and the function-specific weights for each observation are estimated within the registration model. We show how these estimated weights can easily be used to classify functions after registration using both simulated data and a juggling dataset. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The role of sales agents in information disclosure: Evidence from a field experiment

With a large nationwide retailer, we run a natural field experiment to measure the effects of energy use information disclosure, customer rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy-efficient durable goods. Although a combination of large rebates plus sales incentives substantially increases market share, information and sales incentives alone each have zero statistical effect and explain at most a small fraction of the low baseline market share. Sales agents strategically comply only partially with the experiment, targeting information to more interested consumers but not discussing energy efficiency with the disinterested majority. These results suggest that seller-provided information is not a major barrier to energy-efficiency investments at current prices in this context. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2327. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
"Extension Field Specialists": Believable Label or Oxymoron?

Prior to a radical reorganization in 2003, Extension agents/educators in Minnesota engaged in their role as generalists with 'specialist' titles. Their accountability was to the county and not necessarily to any area of focus or specialty. The reorganization of Extension, due to a massive state budget deficit, oriented agents to regional and statewide responsibilities in an area of expertise within a capacity area. Features of the reorganization also included: shifts in the funding arrangements with counties, shifts in supervision to campus specialists in the area of expertise, and shifts in the promotion process to encourage scholarship. Evaluating this change in regards to 'field staff specialization' (through surveying 102 Extension agents) reveals benefits in the areas of recruitment; incentives to invest in human capital; closer working relationships with campus faculty; applied research and scholarship by field staff; program quality, development, and delivery; and credibility with the target audience. Disadvantages include: lack of cross-capacity work; more distant relationships with the target audience; and commuting time and travel.
Interference and guiding effects in the heating of ceramic slabs and joints with millimeter-wave radiation

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper presents an analysis of some of the electromagnetic wave effects that occur when millimeter-wave beams are used for processing ceramic slabs and joints. These include interference effects on the couplings of the beam into a dielectric slab, guiding of the millimeter-wave beam through a ceramic joint, and standing-wave effects on the uniformity of energy deposition within the slab or joint. It also calculates the extent of the mitigation of the nonuniform energy deposition by thermal smoothing via heat conduction.