cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Appendiceal Neuroendocrine, Goblet and Signet-Ring Cell Tumors: A Spectrum of Diseases with Different Patterns of Presentation and Outcome

Purpose Appendiceal tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include typical neuroendocrine tumors (TNET), goblet cell carcinoids (GCC), and atypical GCC. Atypical GCC are classified into signet-ring cell cancers (SRCC) and poorly differentiated appendiceal adenocarcinoids. The prognosis and management of these diseases is unclear because there are no prospective studies. The aim of this study is to assess the characteristics and outcome of appendiceal TNET, GCC, and SRCC patients.
"I actually don't mind the bone saw": narratives of gross anatomy.

Gross anatomy, an early rite of initiation into the medical profession,exposes students to death, graphic details of the human body, and fatal disease processes. Writing stories about their experiences in gross anatomy and reading the stories to each other helps students to formulate their responses to these issues in human terms.
Dimaprit inhibition of zymosan-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release from human granulocytes.

Histamine inhibits the in vitro release of granulocytic lysosomal beta-glucuronidase when incubated with complement activated zymosan particles and this is an H2-receptor response. The highly specific histamine H2-receptor agonist, dimaprit, also inhibits this secretory enzyme release but is less potent (-log molar ED50 6.71 with histamine vs.-log ED50 5.97 with dimaprit,p<0.05). No change in beta-glucuronidase release was found with the H1-agonist, 2-(2 pyridyl)-ethylamine. The antagonist activity of metiamide was similar with the two agonists (K B =2.9×10−8M with histamine andK B =3.6×10−8M with dimaprit). Diphenhydramine did not change the granulocyte response to either histamine or dimaprit.
Effective Facets of a Field Experience That Contributed to Eight Preservice Teachers’ Developing Understandings About Culturally Responsive Teaching

I investigated eight preservice teachers’ understandings about culturally responsive pedagogy as they tutored children in writing from different ethnic, socioeconomic, cultural, and linguistic back...
Rethinking the Economics of Location and Agglomeration

Fundamental problems exist with the classical characterisation of agglomeration economies, since such definitions do not reflect the various cost issues on which firms may wish to economise. A lack of understanding of the relationship between the notions of market hierarchies and locational behaviour leads to confusion not only in applied economic interpretation, but more fundamentally in the construction of theoretical location models. In particular, neo-classical location theory can be shown to be crucially flawed as a basis for spatial analysis. This paper therefore attempts to provide an alternative definition of the various types of agglomeration economies such that the various strands of economic theory might be used in a more rigorous manner in the discussion of spatial increasing returns.
Cognitive Responses to Sociocultural Elements in Professional Graduate Programs: Two Case Studies

This article examines the sociocognitive context of two international students in academic programs in the United States. Bandura (2001) defines sociocognition as the interaction between an individual and the sociocultural elements that comprise his or her learning environment. Research in English for academic purposes has included more focus on these elements, resulting in emergent themes in the categories of workload management, success orientation, and social relationships. This study uses these categories in analysis of study logs, interviews, and documents to explore the sociocognitive responses of a student in a master of business administration (MBA) program and a student in a master of laws program during their first two semesters. The results indicate that their responses were mediated by their academic disciplines, including the teamwork requirements in the MBA program and the competitive atmosphere of the law school, as well as individual factors, including one participant's tendency to seek out classmates as study partners and the other's tendency to focus on his inner resources.
Red cell CDP (dCDP)-choline and P-choline in normal subjects and in certain hemolytic syndromes.

Les concentrations de cytidine diphosphate choline et P-choline ont ete mesurees et comparees chez des sujets normaux, des sujets avec une anemie hemolytique autre que celle due a la deficience de pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase, chez les homozygotes pour cette derniere enzymopathie et chez un sujet avec un syndrome hemolytique hypothetiquement du a une deficience de choline phosphotransferase
Dynamics of photosynthetic membrane composition and function

Significant progress has been achieved, leading to identification of functional intermediates in the thylakoid membrane and to advances on the mechanism of electron-transport and photophosphorylation. The goal of this review is to put the thylakoid membrane into perspective, to address cause and effect relationships between the different phenomena, and also to address potential mechanisms for the regulation of these phenomena at the molecular level
The role of trust in use of preventive services among low-income African-American women.

Background. This study explored factors that predict higher trust in primary care providers, and examined the role of patient trust on the use of preventive services for low-income African-American women. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey of 961 African-American women over age 40 in Washington, DC. Two dimensions of trust were examined: overall trust in one's regular primary care provider, and trust that the regular provider had no financial conflict of interest. Self-reported use of mammography, Pap tests, clinical breast exams, colorectal cancer screening, blood pressure, height and weight measurement, diet counseling, and depression screening, as delivered by one's primary care provider, were assessed. An index summarizing overall use of these interventions was the main outcome variable. Results. More than two-thirds of respondents reported high trust in their physician. Older respondents (>65) were more trusting of their physicians overall than were younger respondents (P < 0.01). Primary care characteristics (continuity of care, accessibility of the practice, coordination of specialty care by one's regular provider) were more strongly associated with having high trust than were sociodemographic, health status, and insurance characteristics. Higher trust was significantly associated with greater use of recommended preventive services (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.0), controlling for the effects of insurance status, primary care, and patient characteristics. Conclusions. Trust is associated with use of recommended preventive services in low-income African-American women. Stronger patient–provider relationships, with high levels of trust, may indirectly lead to better health through adherence to recommended preventive services for low income African-American women.
Gene Replacement in Toxoplasma gondii with Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase as Selectable Marker

A system for stable transformation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites was developed that exploited the susceptibility of Toxoplasma to chloramphenicol. Introduction of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene fused to Toxoplasma flanking sequences followed by chloramphenicol selection resulted in parasites stably expressing CAT. A construct incorporating the tandemly repeated gene, B1, targeted efficiently to its homologous chromosomal locus. Knockout of the single-copy gene, ROP1, was also successful. Stable transformation should permit the identification and analysis of Toxoplasma genes important in the interaction of this opportunistic parasite with its host.
Autogenous/reactive obsessions and their relationship with OCD symptoms and schizotypal personality features.

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the autogenous-reactive model of obsessions [Behav. Res. Ther. 41 (2003) 11–29]. A large number of college students (n = 932) were administered a questionnaire battery assessing obsessional intrusions, schizotypal personality features, depressive symptoms, general anxiety and OCD symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that autogenous obsessions were more strongly associated with schizotypal personality features than with OCD symptoms, general anxiety, or depression, whereas the relationship between reactive obsessions and schizotypal personality features was negligible. Moreover, autogenous obsessions were more strongly associated with covert OCD symptoms, whereas reactive obsessions were more strongly associated with overt OCD symptoms. These findings suggest that autogenous obsessions are more strongly associated with cognitive features (e.g., anomalous perception, obsessing), whereas reactive obsessions are more strongly associated with overt behavioral features (e.g., checking, washing, ordering). Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
The Genomic Organization, Complete mRNA Sequence, Cloning, and Expression of a Novel Human Intracellular Membrane-associated Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2

Abstract During the sequencing of the long arm of chromosome 7 in the Human Genome Project, a predicted protein product of 40 kDa was identified, which contained two ∼10-amino acid segments homologous to the ATP and lipase consensus sequences present in the founding members of a family of calcium-independent phospholipases A2. Detailed inspection of the identified sequence (residues 79,671–109,912 GenBankTM accession no. AC005058) demonstrated that it represented only a partial sequence of a larger undefined polypeptide product. Accordingly, we identified the complete genomic organization of this putative phospholipase A2through analyses of previously published expressed sequence tags, PCR of human heart cDNA, and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting demonstrated a 3.4-kilobase message, which encoded a polypeptide with a maximum calculated molecular weight of 88476.9. This 3.4-kilobase message was present in multiple human parenchymal tissues including heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, brain, liver, and pancreas. Cloning and expression of the protein encoded by this message in Sf9 cells resulted in the production of two proteins of apparent molecular masses of 77 and 63 kDa as assessed by Western analyses utilizing immunoaffinity-purified antibody. Membranes from Sf9 cells expressing recombinant protein released fatty acid from sn-2-radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine up to 10-fold more rapidly than controls. The initial rate of fatty acid release from the membrane fraction was 0.3 nmol/mg·min. The recombinant protein was entirely calcium-independent, had a pH optimum of 8.0, was inhibited by (E)-6-(bromomethylene)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one (IC50 = 3 μm), and was predominantly present in the membrane-associated fraction. Collectively, these results describe the genomic organization, complete mRNA sequence, andsn-2-lipase activity of a novel intracellular calcium-independent membrane-associated phospholipase A2.
The internationalization of US Internet portals: does it fit the process model of internationalization?

Although the theory of the gradual internationalization of firms has been widely studied and supported by researchers, very little is known about the internationalization of electronic commerce firms. This study conducted a case study on Yahoo! Inc., AOL, Lycos, and AltaVista. Spearman correlation and Kendall’s tau analyses along with two proxy psychic distance indices were deployed to investigate whether the gradual internationalization theory can be applied to electronic commerce firms. The results reveal that the gradual internationalization of Internet firms is better supported by the sociocultural distance index than the cultural distance index. Some implications of findings are also discussed along with other characteristics of the internationalization of the Internet portal firms.
Active health monitoring in a rotating cracked shaft using active magnetic bearings as force actuators

We consider the active health monitoring of rotordynamic systems in the presence of breathing shaft cracks. The shaft is assumed to be supported by conventional bearings and an active magnetic bearing (AMB) is used in a mid-shaft or outboard location as an actuator to apply specified, time-dependent forcing on the system. These forces, if properly chosen, induce a combination resonance that can be used to identify the magnitude of the time-dependent stiffness arising from the breathing mode of the shaft crack.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of early and late renal cell carcinomas in Von Hippel-Lindau disease

Deletions of 3p25, gains of chromosomes 7 and 10, and isochromosome 17q are known cytogenetic aberrations in sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, a majority of RCCs have loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene located at chromosome band 3p25. Patients who inherit a germline mutation of the VHL gene can develop multifocal RCCs and other solid tumors, including malignancies of the pancreas, adrenal medulla, and brain. VHL tumors follow the two-hit model of tumorigenesis, as LOH of VHL, a classic tumor suppressor gene, is the critical event in the development of the neoplastic phenotype. In an attempt to define the cytogenetic aberrations from early tumors to late RCC further, we applied spectral karyotyping (SKY) to 23 renal tumors harvested from 6 unrelated VHL patients undergoing surgery. Cysts and low-grade solid lesions were near-diploid and contained 1-2 reciprocal translocations, dicentric chromosomes, and/or isochromosomes. A variety of sole numerical aberrations included gains of chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 21, and the X chromosome, although no tumors had sole numerical losses. Three patients shared a breakpoint at 2p21-22, and three others shared a dicentric chromosome 9 or an isochromosome 9q. In contrast to the near-diploidy of the low-grade lesions, a high-grade lesion and its nodal metastasis were markedly aneuploid, revealed loss of VHL by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and contained recurrent unbalanced translocations and losses of chromosome arms 2q, 3p, 4q, 9p, 14q, and 19p as demonstrated by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). By combining SKY, CGH, and FISH of multiple tumors from the same VHL kidney, we have begun to identify chromosomal aberrations in the earliest stages of VHL-related renal cell tumors. Our current findings illustrate the cytogenetic heterogeneity of different VHL lesions from the same kidney, which supports the multiclonal origins of hereditary RCCs. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Women suffer more short and long-term pain than men after major thoracotomy

ObjectivesProlonged activation of pain centers is a proposed cause of chronic pain syndromes. Women are at particular risk for chronic pain as they tend to more readily detect pain and to attenuate it less than men. We set out to determine whether sex affected pain and recovery after major surgery b
Autoradiography of angiotensin-converting enzyme in fixed and unfixed rat brain using the specific enzyme inhibitor [125I]351A or a polyclonal antibody and [125I]staphylococcal protein A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II, EC 3.4.15.1) was visualized in unfixed rat brain sections by autoradiography after incubation with a polyclonal goat anti-rabbit lung converting-enzyme antibody and [125I]protein A. Paraformaldehyde fixation interfered with the recognition of ACE by its antibody in brain nuclei but not in the choroid plexus. Conversely, incubation of brain sections with the specific ACE inhibitor [125I]351A allowed ACE visualization in either unfixed and paraformaldehyde-fixed brain sections, since [125I]351A binding was not affected by our fixation conditions. Our results indicate that ACE could be visualized in unfixed brain sections directly by incubation with the specific inhibitor [125I]351A or indirectly by radioimmunohistochemistry and autoradiography. Different autoradiographic methods could be used to visualize and quantify ACE in unfixed or fixed tissues.
Human potassium channel genes: Molecular cloning and functional expression.

Complementary DNAs representing three voltage-gated K+ channels from humans (HuKI, HuKII, and HuKIV) were isolated, their nucleotide sequences determined, and their functional products examined electrophysiologically. The three human K+ channels are closely related to the Shaker gene of Drosophila and possess several canonical structural features including multiple hydrophobic segments which are potentially membrane spanning, a positively charged S4 segment which may be the voltage sensor, and a leucine heptad repeat which may be involved in channel gating. Members of the human gene family have specific, highly conserved homologs in rodents, suggesting that the individual members arose prior to the mammalian radiation. The degree of homology indicates that these are among the most highly conserved proteins known. The three human channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes vary in voltage dependence, kinetics, and sensitivity to pharmacological blockers of K+ channels. HuKII is a rapidly inactivating channel; HuKI and HuKIV are noninactivating. Also, although all three channels are sensitive to the K+ channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, only HuKI has tetraethylammonium sensitivity; only HuKIV has charybdotoxin sensitivity. Differences are observed between the pharmacological sensitivities of human channels and the reported sensitivities of their rat homology.
RECOVERY OF SUCCESSIVELY INDUCED DISCRETE-TIME CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR PERTURBATIONS VIA CASCADED NONLINEAR OBSERVERS

This paper considers a cascade (series) connection of N chaotic discrete-time drive systems and N response systems, where the perturbation of the first drive system affects the dynamics of each suc...
Injection analysis—From flow-injection analysis to batch-injection analysis

Abstract The performance characteristics of batch-injection analysis (BIA) are evaluated. This nonflow injection technique results in many of the attractive features of flow-injection analysis (FIA) while eliminating the need for a flow manifold. BIA has emerged from the coupling of controlled dispension, wall-jet detection, and huge dilution. While greatly different in experimental setup, BIA and FIA share the same basic concept of reproducible transport and washout of microliter samples over the detector surface. The role of dispersion in BIA systems, means to promote chemical reactions, and future prospects are discussed.
Optimal selection of intermediate storage tank capacity in a periodic batch/semicontinuous process

Batch/semicontinuous chemical plants are usually designed either by assuming infinite intermediate storage or by assuming that the units themselves act as storage vessels, while the storage vessels are sized by rules of thumb or experience. In this paper, the case of an intermediate storage vessel which links one upstream batch/semicontinuous unit to one downstream batch/semicontinuous unit is analyzed. The units are assumed to operate with fixed cycle times and capacities. Expressions for determining the minimum storage tank capacity necessary to decouple the two units are derived from a mathematical model of the periodic process. Effects of the relative starting times of the two units on the required storage capacity are determined, thus suggesting the optimum process timings to minimize the same. Application of the results is illustrated by an example.
Matrix operators for numerically stable representation of stiff linear dynamic systems

A new transformation having features similar to the Laplace transform (but numerically oriented) is developed from the Chebyshev polynomials theory. Signals are represented as vectors of Chebyshev coefficients, and linear subsystems as precomputed matrices. The original problem is preprocessed only once to yield matrix invariants for fast recurrent computations. Theoretical implications of the exact digitizing of a tenth-order transfer function and the reduced-order modeling of a stiff system are discussed. >
A meta-analysis of teen cigarette smoking cessation.

Objective: This article presents a meta-analysis of 48 teen cigarette smoking cessation studies, the 1st meta-analysis of its kind. The authors conducted searches of electronic databases and unpublished manuscripts from 1970 to 2003. Fifty contextual elements were coded from each article. A weighted least squares random effects method was used to pool results from individual study net effects estimates. Multilevel random coefficients modeling was applied to control for the intrastudy variation. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome for the present analysis was quit rate. Data were entered as intent-to-treat (ITT) quit rates (not compliance sample rates). Overall treatment effect size and treatment effect sizes as a function of program content, modality, number of sessions, and length of follow-up were examined. Results: Across studies, program conditions, compared with control conditions, appeared to give smokers a 2.90% (95% confidence interval 1.47–4.35%) absolute advantage in quitting, increasing the probability of quitting by approximately 46% (9.14% vs. 6.24%). Relatively higher quit rates were found in programs that included a motivation enhancement component, cognitive–behavioral techniques, and social influence approaches. Also, relatively higher quit rates were found in school-based clinic and classroom modalities. Furthermore, relatively higher quit rates were found for programs consisting of at least 5 quit sessions. Data also indicated that the effects were maintained at short-term (1 year or less) and longer term (longer than 1 year) follow-ups. Conclusion: Much more teen smoking cessation research is needed, but teen smoking cessation programming is effective, and the present study provides a framework to move forward.
Genomic loss of imprinting in first-trimester human placenta.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate imprinting patterns in first-trimester human placentas. Study Design Using samples of 17 first-trimester and 14 term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies, we assessed loss of imprinting (LOI) at the RNA level in a panel of 14 genes that are known to be imprinted in the placenta with the use of a quantitative allele-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of those genes that contained readout single nucleotide polymorphisms in their transcripts. Results There is significant LOI (ie, biallelic expression) in all 14 genes in first-trimester placentas. LOI was more variable and generally at lower levels at term. Although there is little difference in gene expression, the level of LOI is higher in the first-trimester placentas, compared with term placentas. Conclusion Genomic imprinting appears to be a dynamic maturational process across gestation in human placenta. In contrast with prevailing theories, epigenetic imprints may continue to evolve past 12 weeks of gestation.
Prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide (PEP‐C) oral combination chemotherapy regimen for recurring/refractory lymphoma: Low‐dose metronomic, multidrug therapy

BACKGROUND Many patients with recurrent lymphoma are unable to tolerate intensive therapies, or have disease that is refractory. Metronomic chemotherapy offers a novel, potentially less toxic yet effective treatment strategy. METHODS An analysis was performed on 75 lymphoma patients who were treated with the PEP-C regimen at a single institution. The program consisted of oral prednisone 20 mg after breakfast, cyclophosphamide 50 mg after lunch, etoposide 50 mg after dinner, and procarbazine 50 mg at bedtime with an oral antiemetic. All medications were administered daily until the white blood cell count fell to less than 3.0 × 109/L, whereupon treatment was withheld until recovery from the nadir. Therapy was then reinstituted on a daily, alternate day, or fractionated weekly basis (eg, 5 of 7 days), depending on patient tolerance. Doses given per day were held constant. RESULTS Eighty percent of patients had previously received 2 or more treatments. Overall, 69% achieved an objective response after PEP-C treatment, with 36% complete responses and 33% partial responses. Subjects with indolent histologies had superior overall responses, complete responses, and time on therapy relative to those with aggressive histologies. The regimen was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Metronomic therapy with low-dose oral agents administered in combination for continuous, prolonged periods with minimal drug-free intervals represents a novel, active, easily tolerated approach to management of patients with recurrent lymphoma, particularly those with indolent histologies. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
One with Everything: Hölderlin on Acrocorinth

Friedrich Holderlin's epistolary novel, Hyperion, opens with contradictory fantasies of the protagonist's unification with, and alienation from, nature. These visions of oneness and division find a corollary in the novel's setting within an idealized version of Greece and the landscape of the Corinthian Isthmus. The essay argues that we can best understand the significance of Hyperion's desire to be “one with everything” if we take into account the context of Holderlin's and Friedrich Schelling's attempt in the 1790s to find a way to incorporate a dynamic view of nature into German Idealist philosophy. Taking up the philosophical concept of “intellectual intuition” (used in distinctive ways by both Kant and Fichte before them) the young poet/philosophers attempted to grant a new range of meaning to the term. For them an intellectual form of intuition opens possibilities of non-material connections with a world of things that must themselves be viewed as dynamically alive. Reading the novel Hyperion as an ...
Decay of Fluctuating Wall-Pressure Field of Mach 5 Turbulent Boundary Layer

The fluctuating wall-pressure field of a nominally two-dimensional, zero-pressure gradient, adiabatic, turbulent boundary layer on the floor of a Mach 5 blowdown tunnel has been investigated experimentally. Various procedures are examined for scaling the streamwise decay of the maximum cross-correlation coefficient of the fluctuating wall-pressure signals with increasing streamwise spacing. For small streamwise separations less than about five boundary-layer thicknesses, the available data from this and other studies can be collapsed in terms of streamwise distance normalized by boundary-layer thickness. For larger separations the database is too sparse to draw a definitive conclusion. The maximum cross-correlation coefficient for incompressible, subsonic, and supersonic boundary layers can be collapsed in terms of a Strouhal number, for Strouhal numbers greater than about 5. In this case the Strouhal number is based on streamwise separation distance, narrowband frequency, and structure convection velocity within that narrow band. Fluctuating pitot-pressure measurements were also made and analyzed in conjunction with hot-wire data obtained in the same facility and with hot-wire experiments at Mach 3
Suomi NPP VIIRS SDR postlaunch calibration/validation: an overview of progress, challenges, and the way forward

The JPSS preceded by NPP is our nation's future generation polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system. The successful launch of NPP with the key instrument Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ushers in a new era of operational Earth observing capabilities in the afternoon orbit. Since Launch, the VIIRS Sensor Data Record (SDR) postlaunch calibration/validation has been progressing well as planned. This paper provides an overview of the VIIRS calibration performance postlaunch, the overall calibration/validation strategies both onboard and vicarious, and the team effort ensuring the high quality of VIIRS SDRs, as well as the challenges and way forward.
Investigation of thermal performance of reflective insulations for different applications

Abstract Reflective insulations are being used in home attics, flat roofs, sloped roofs and wall systems of building envelopes. The present model, hygIRC-C, was used to investigate the contribution of the reflective insulations to the thermal resistance of specimens. The predictions of the present model were compared with test data of different sample stacks with different types of reflective insulations. In a previous study, the present model was benchmarked using test data obtained from a Guarded Hot Box (GHB) in accordance with the ASTM C-1363 test method. In this study, the test data was obtained from a different test method based on the heat flow meter in accordance of ASTM C-518 in the case of horizontal sample stacks with reflective insulations. Results showed that the predicted heat fluxes on the same area and same location of Heat Flux Transducers (HFTs) on the top and bottom surfaces of the sample stacks are in good agreement with the measured heat fluxes (within ±1%). The derived R-values using these heat fluxes are also in good agreements. Due to the combined effect of heat transfer by convection and radiation in the airspace (facing the reflective surface), these predicted and measured heat fluxes are greater than the area-weighted average heat flux of whole sample stack, which is needed to determine the effective R-value of the sample. As such, the derived R-value from the test data resulted in underestimation of the effective R-value of the sample stack. After gaining confidence in the present model, it was used to conduct parametric study in order to quantify the contribution of reflective insulations to the effective R-value for a sample stack with different inclination angles, different directions of heat flow (upward and downward) and for a wide range of foil emissivity. Furthermore, the present model was used to compare the predicted R-values with the listed R-values in the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook [22] for enclosed air cavity (20 mm thick) of different effective emittance, inclinations and directions of heat flow.
The radiosensitivity of three pairs of diploid and tetraploid plant species: Correlation between nuclear and chromosomal volume, roentgen exposure and energy absorption per chromosome

Abstract Diploid and tetraploid seedlings of marigold ( Tagetes erecta , 2n; T. patula , 4n), zinnia ( Zinnia elegans , 2n and 4n), and petunia ( Petunia spp. , 2n and 4n) were irradiated with increasing exposures of X-rays and then scored several weeks later for survival ( ld 50 and ld 100 ). The ld 50 for each diploid and tetraploid form was: 2n marigold—7·3 kR, 4n marigold—6·4 kR; 2n zinnia—2·2 kR, 4n zinnia—7·2 kR; 2n petunia—3·5 kR, 4n petunia—4·0 kR; the corresponding ld 100 was 2n marigold—12 kR, 4n marigold—14 kR; 2n zinnia—3 kR, 4n zinnia—15 kR; and 2n petunia—9 kR, 4n petunia—10 kR. Nuclear and interphase chromosome volumes of shoot apices were determined from seedlings at the stage in which they were irradiated. In all three genera, the nuclear volume increased with increased ploidy (69·9 ±16·8 μ 3 for 2n marigold to 140·3 ± 10·8 μ 3 for 4n marigold; 121·8 ± 28·1 μ 3 for 2n zinnia to 153·9 ± 29·5 μ 3 for 4n zinnia; and 121·6 ± 29·6 μ 3 for 2n petunia to 234·4 ± 49·4 μ 3 for 4n petunia) but interphase chromosome volume either stayed about the same (2·9 ± 0·9 μ 3 for 2n marigold to 2·9 ± 0·2 μ 3 for 4n marigold; and 8·7 ± 2·1 μ 3 for 2n petunia to 8·4 ± 1·8 μ 3 for 4n petunia) or decreased (5·1 ± 1·2 μ 3 for 2n zinnia to 3·2 ± 0·6 μ 3 for 4n zinnia). Two of the three pairs of diploids and tetraploids (marigolds and petunia) absorbed similar amounts of energy per chromosome at ld 50 and ld 100 within each genus; the diploid zinnia absorbed significantly less energy per chromosome at ld 50 (0·7 × 10 6 eV) than its tetraploid (1·4 × 10 6 eV) and at ld 100 , (0·9 × 10 6 eV) for the diploid and (2·9 × 10 6 eV) for the tetraploid.
Data recovery using improved RVLC in MPEG-4

In this paper, we present a low-complexity RVLC decoding scheme (including the effect of DC/AC prediction) that recovers more blocks and sometimes more MBs from error propagation region of corrupted video packets, as compared to the MPEG-4 scheme. The remaining blocks and MBs are concealed, by using maximally smooth error concealment scheme. It is shown that the proposed scheme achieves better data recovery, both in terms of PSNR and perceptual quality. In addition, we present more conditions for better error detection than those suggested in MPEG-4, and also discuss properties of error propagation in corrupted video packets. Since the schemes are purely decoder based, the compliance with the standard is fully maintained.
Pharmacologic alterations in human type I atrial flutter cycle length and monophasic action potential duration Evidence of a fully excitable gap in the reentrant circuit

Objectives. This study compared the effect of change in action potential duration versus conduction velocity on atrial flutter cycle length to determine whether there is a fully or partially excitable gap in atrial flutter. Background. In an excitable gap reentrant circuit, cycle length is proportional to conduction velocity. Action potential duration is not a direct determinant of cycle length when the gap is fully excitable. Methods. Right atrial monophasic action potentials were recorded from 41 patients during type I atrial flutter before and during pharmacologic interventions. Results. Adenosine *17 ± 3 mg [mean ± SD] shortened (p < 0.001) action potential duration but did not change cycle length. Edrophonium (10 mg) had no significant effect on action potential duration or cycle length. Isoproterenol (0.03 μg/kg body weight per min) shortened (p < 0.05) and procainamide (15 mg/kg, then 2 mg/min) prolonged (p < 0.001) action potential duration and cycle length. Alterations in cycle length were not correlated with changes in action potential duration. Procainamide's prolongation of action potential duration was reversed by adenosine without affecting cycle length. Procainamide's prolongation of action potential duration and cycle length was partially reversed by isoproterenol. Adenosine's and isoproterenol's shortening of action potential duration and isoproterenol's shortening of cycle length were enhanced by procainamide. Conclusion. Atrial flutter cycle length is determined primarily by conduction velocity and does not depend directly on action potential duration. Atrial flutter has a fully excitable gap, and procainamide does not convert the gap from full to partial excitability. Adenosine and isoproterenol interact with procainamide such that their effects are enhanced and procainamide's effects are diminished.
Ab Initio Study of the 1,3-butadienyl Radical Isomers

Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP, QCISD, and MCSCF levels of theory and using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set were carried out on the ground state of the 1,3-butadiene derived radicals. The 1,3-butadien-1-yl and 1,3-butadien-2-yl radicals are obtained from 1,3-butadiene by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a primary and secondary carbon, respectively. The 1,2-butadien-4-yl radical was also studied to examine the possibility of the relocalization of the unpaired electron from 1,3-butadien-2-yl. 1,2-Butadien-4-yl was consistently found to be the most stable isomer. The MCSCF relative energies are 29 kJ mol-1 for 1,3-butadien-2-yl and 35 kJ mol-1 for the most stable of the 1,3-butadien-1-yl configurational isomers. The 1,3-butadien-2-yl structure is found to be a local minimum in MCSCF calculations, but with an isomerization barrier of less than 1 kJ mol-1, and deforms to the 1,2-butadien-4-yl isomer at all other levels of theory used. The energy of the most stable 1,3-butadien-1-yl isomer relative to 1,3-but...
The relation between ego-identity status and sex-role attitude, work-role salience, atypicality of major, and self-esteem in college women

Abstract This study was designed to ascertain whether the relations among sex-role attitude, work-role salience, atypicality of college major, and self-esteem would combine to differentiate ego-identity status in college women. One hundred forty-seven juniors and seniors were categorized into the statuses of Achievement, Moratorium, Diffusion, and Foreclosure on the basis of their responses to an identity status incomplete sentences blank and characteristic differences were sought between the statuses on Sex-Role Attitude, Work-Role Salience, Atypicality of Major, and Self-Esteem. One discriminant function was found to discriminate among the statuses. Supplementary analysis suggested that women in the Diffusion status were enrolled in less typical majors, were more work-role salient, while those in the Foreclosure status were in more typical majors, were less work-role salient, and were more traditional in sex-role attitude than those in the other statuses.
A two-dimensional lake wave prediction system

Abstract This report describes a series of computer programs that can be used to forecast wave height, period, and direction for any part of the Great Lakes. The programs run interactively and only require the user to specify the overlake wind forecast.
A test of recent subcultural explanations of White violence in the United States

Recent subcultural theories suggest that real and perceived status loss among some White males as a result of social change during the last four decades-such as increasing gender and racial equity and agricultural job loss-added to the traditional patriarchal and masculine characteristics of this group to create cultural adaptations that led to higher levels of violence. One would thus expect higher homicide rates in areas where these traits are more fully developed and/or where status threats are more strongly felt. To test the efficacy of these claims, this study used OLS regression, and (1) employed census 2000 data and both homicide victimization and arrest data to update and replicate a common model of social structure and homicide, and then (2) added several variables to this baseline model that represented the subcultural traits, conditions, and behaviors outlined by these theories. The analyses yielded little support for these ideas. Thus while they might be appropriate for explaining the variation of the strength of specific subcultures and types of violence (e.g., Far Right wing paramilitary groups and political violence), an extension of these theories to more general interpersonal violence did not appear warranted.
Do as We Say and as We Do: Teaching and Modeling Collaborative Practice in the University Classroom

Researchers contend that to be effective in collaborative work, teachers need opportunities to practice and learn about shared decision making, communication, and planning. For this reason and countless others, teacher-preparation programs have recently been called on to include models of collaboration in their programs. This article provides a description of one collaborative partnership between a special education professor and a general education professor. Our program description specifically highlights the integration of two college courses: Academic Curricular Adaptations and Elementary Social Studies Methods and Curriculum. In this article, we have included details about our coteaching model as well as information related to our integrated curriculum and assessments. We also offer recommendations for those considering the implementation of coteaching partnerships and collaborative models in higher education institutions.
Blind bedside placement of enteric feeding tubes

Early enteral nutrition, especially with immune-modulating formulas, has been shown to improve outcomes in critically ill patients. Early nutrient delivery supports organ function and recovery from illness and modulates inflammation and organ injury. Misconceptions regarding gastrointestinal function and alterations in gastrointestinal function during illness impede early enteral feeding. Bowel sounds, elevated gastric residuals, failure to pass flatus, and diarrhea are not contraindications to enteral nutritional support. Most critically ill patients can be fed into the stomach with minimal risk for aspiration. Promotility agents aid in gastric feeding. When gastric feeding is not possible, most patients will tolerate small intestinal feeding. Because spontaneous passage of feeding tubes into the small bowel in critically ill patients is rare, most feeding tubes can be positioned into the small bowel with blind bedside placement by the clinician (ie, physician, nurse, nutritionist). When such procedures are not successful, x-ray guided or endoscopic placement of feeding tubes into the small bowel are recommended. Occasionally, small bowel feeding tubes will need to be placed surgically.
Computer simulation of electron transfer processes across the electrode|electrolyte interface: a treatment of solvent and electrode polarizability

A polarizable molecular dynamics model for adiabatic electron transfer across the electrode|electrolyte interface is presented. The electronic polarizability of the water and of the metal electrode is accounted for by a dynamical fluctuating charge algorithm, image charges, and the Ewald summation adapted for a conducting interface. The effects of the solvent electronic polarizability are studied by computing the diabatic and adiabatic free energy curves for both polarizable and non-polarizable water models. This represents the first effort to compute the adiabatic free energy curves from simulation for a fully polarizable electrochemical system.
A new method for long-term measurement of gallbladder contraction in the conscious dog.

Abstract A method is presented by which contractions of the gallbladder can be measured quantitatively in the chronic, unanesthetized dog. We feel this preparation is more physiologic than those previously described and has the added features of simplicity, ease of maintenance and accurate reproducibility. The three dogs reported were kept for 6 months and their gallbladder balloons continue to function. Biopsy of the gallbladders after the balloons had been in place for 6 months showed mild chronic cholecystitis. Comparison of the gallbladder contractile response to intravenous CCK and to intraduodenal 50 per cent olive oil emulsion indicates that this method can be used as a quantitative assay for in vivo cholecystokinin. One cubic centimeter per kilogram of 50 per cent olive oil in the duodenum appears to liberate approximately 1 unit/kg. of cholecystokinin.
Armillaria root rot: Artificial inoculation and development of the disease in greenhouse

Inoculation of five softwood provenances have revealed that they vary considerably with regard to their percent infection, percent mortality, severity of disease symptoms and progress of infection. Sitka spruce was the most susceptible species and served as a better substrate for further development of mycelium and rhizomorphs as compared to Norway and black spruces and Scots pine. The fungus always entered through uninjured surface of root collar and/or roots, the latter with more than 2 mm diameter. There was a conspicuous reduction m the total and annual growth in height in A. mellea-infected seedlings.
Developing a crisis response team.

To handle increased asaultive behavior on three psychiatric units while keeping staff and other patients safe, a Crisis Response Team was developed consisting of staff from psychiatry and officers from security. A written manual included the new policies and procedures and teaching content for verbal and physical deescalation techniques. A special inservice education program for assaultive crisis management was implemented. This model can be replicated in other areas of healthcare where it is necessary to deal with patients who lose verbal or physical control. Language: en
Peat accretion and phosphorus accumulation along a eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades

Recent rates of peat accretion (as determined by137Cs) and N, P, organic C, Ca and Na accumulation were measured along a 10 km eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades area of Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA 2A) that has received agricultural drainage from the Hillsboro canal for the past 25–30 yrs. Rates of peat accretion were highest at sampling locations closest to the Hillsboro canal, 1.6 km downstream, (5.67 ± 0.50 mm/yr) and decreased to 2.01 ± 0.31 mm/yr at distances of 7.1 to 10.7 km downstream. Phosphorus and Na accumulation were a function of both peat accretion and soil P and Na concentrations. The concentration and accumulation of P in peat deposited in the past 26 years was highest near the Hillsboro canal (1478 ± 67 ug/g, 0.66 ± 0.06 g/m2/yr) and decreased to 560 ± 20 ug/g and 0.10 ± 0.02 g/m2/yr at distances of 8.8 to 10.7 km downstream. Like phosphorus, the concentration and rate of Na accumulation was highest near the Hillsboro canal (3205 ± 1021 ug/g, 1.48 ± 0.53 g/m2/yr). Although sodium enrichment of the peat was limited to 1.6 km downstream of the Hillsboro canal, increased rates of Na accumulation penetrated 5.2 km downstream of the Hillsboro canal, the extent of the area of enhanced peat accretion.
An efficient didehydroxylation method for the biomass-derived polyols glycerol and erythritol. Mechanistic studies of a formic acid-mediated deoxygenation

An efficient 1,2-deoxygenation method, involving an unexpected mechanism, was found for simple diols and for biomass-derived polyols (glycerol and erythritol) that results in the conversion of the 1,2-dihydroxy group to a carbon–carbon double bond.
Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements at cryogenic temperatures by double specimen technique

Abstract A double specimen technique is used in measuring the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of low thermal conductivity materials. In this technique good thermal contact is maintained between the heat source and sink and two geometrically similar specimens. A thin-copper heater plate is compressed between the two specimens and the temperature difference is measured between the heat source and the temperature controlled heat sink. Thermal conductivity is determined at steady state conditions by the differential method while the diffusivity is determined from transient measurements combined with an analytical solution to the one dimensional solution of the diffusion equation.
CH2 + CO2 → CH2O + CO, One-Step Oxygen Atom Abstraction or Addition/Fragmentation via α-Lactone?

Ab initio G2 calculated pathways are presented for the reaction CH2 + CO2 → CH2O + CO in which net transfer of a double bonded oxygen atom occurs from CO2 to the carbene. Of particular interest are the electronic state of the attacking methylene, the structure of the possible intermediates, and the lowest energy path(s) available for this reaction. As expected, our results support the assignment of α-lactone 1 as the intermediate observed by IR in the matrix isolation experiments of Milligan and Jacox; analogous reactions involving substituted carbenes have more recently been reported by Sander et al. We obtain ΔHf(1) = −43.3 kcal/mol based on the G2 atomization energy, while a variety of isodesmic reactions point to slightly higher values (averaged −42.7 kcal/mol). Acyclic ·CH2O(CO)· (methylene-oxycarbonyl) and ·CH2CO2· (acetoxyl) biradicals 2 and 3, respectively, were also considered on both singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces. According to the calculations, the singlet reaction proceeds with ...