cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal–mechanical studies on a heterocyclic polymer (BBB). I. Tensile creep and recovery

Creep and recovery measurements have been used to study the thermal–mechanical properties of polybisbenzimidazobenzophenanthroline-dione (BBB) over the temperature interval 30–500°C (in vacuo). The creep measurements were augmented by x-ray diffraction, isothermal contraction, and solubility measurements. It is found that extensive intermolecular association giving a supramolecular structure with (nearly) planar polymeric repeat units stacked in a “graphite-like” array dominates the properties of BBB, and that this structure is maintained at temperatures as high as 500°C. The principal mode of creep gives rise to fully recoverable Andrade creep for which the strain depends on the cube-root of time.
Augmented Auditory Feedback in the Treatment of Equinus Gait in Children

This study is a report on the treatment of dynamic equinus in children with cerebral palsy or idiopathic toe-walking, by means of auditory augmented feedback. The initial results (after three months) showed improvement in every case, and in four patients with longer follow-up improvement appeared to be maintained or continued, although at a reduced pace. This treatment method is recommended only for children over the age of four years who are independently ambulatory, who have a range of ankle dorsiflexion to neutral or beyond with the knee extended, and who have a supportive and co-operative family.
When We Observe Stigmatized and "Normal" Individuals Interacting: Stigma by Association

The stigmatization process might differ as a function of whether "marked" individuals are viewed within a context of other marked individuals or in the context of positively viewed "normals. "Several alternative impression outcomes seem plausible the destigmatization by association of marked individuals, the stigmatization by association of normal individuals, a contrast effect, or no influence of context. Two experiments produced evidence only for stigma-by-association effects-heterosexual male targets were denigrated when viewed with their homosexual friends. Moreover, this effect survived attempts both to make the heterosexual target similar to the subjects and to present him as an individual of high achieved status. More generally, these data highlight the risk of researching social cognitive phenomena within circumscribed social contexts: Crucial naturally occurring processes are too easily overlooked.
Factors Influencing the Regularity of Parental Visits with Children in Foster Care

Regular parent visits in foster care are linked to child well-being while in care and to reunification. Parents often face emotional and logistical challenges to visiting. Yet practices to engage with parents by encouraging visits and problem-solving barriers are inconsistent. This study explores the effect of three factors on parent visits among 75 foster children: specific caseworker efforts to engage parents around visiting, whether the visit supervisor is the caseworker or a designated foster parent, and the role that kin versus non-relative foster relationships play in visiting regularity. Logistic regression models demonstrated that caseworker attempts to engage parents have a significant effect on the regularity of parent visits. Focus groups with kin caregivers, non-relative foster parents, and caseworkers revealed a lack of clarity or agreement about who is responsible for engaging parents to attend visits.
Identification of facilitators and barriers to participation in weight gain prevention research by African American girls.

Abstract Objective The purpose of the current study is to describe the development, implementation, and success of recruitment and adherence strategies of 303 African American preadolescent girls and their primary caregiver in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) program. Methods A socio-ecologic model was used to guide selection and implementation of recruitment and retention strategies which were continuously monitored and revised in response. Strategy mode and frequency associated with program enrollment, engagement, and retention were analyzed. Results Successful recruitment approaches included radio messages (23.1%), school fliers (20.1%), and friend referral (15%). Initially 463 potential participants responded, 320 girls were screened, and 303 enrolled. Significant increases in participant accrual were observed between Wave 4 (n = 28) and Wave 5 (n = 91) after using a team recruitment approach. Implementing case management strategies and providing make-up sessions also served to keep participants current and engaged in the program. In year 2, community field trips replaced the more structured sessions providing participants with experiential learning opportunities. Overall intervention attendance rates ranged from 79.7% to 90.5% among waves. Further, 75.9% and 80.2%, respectively, of participants attended 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. Conclusion Multiple recruitment strategies and flexible, responsive approaches to recruitment and retention guided by the socio-ecologic model facilitated optimal implementation of an intervention for preadolescent girls. Through the application of the socio-ecologic model researchers and program leaders will be able to identify strategies to enhance the probability of successful outcomes.
Identifying the effect of individual emissions sources on particulate air quality within a photochemical aerosol processes trajectory model

A procedure is demonstrated that greatly expands the number of sources whose contribution to ambient particle levels can be followed separately within an aerosol processes trajectory model without significantly increasing the computational burden of the problem. Particles emitted from different sources within the same general class can be differentiated from each other with this technique; for example particles emitted by on-road diesel vehicles can be distinguished from particles emitted by diesel railroad locomotives, and particles emitted from identical sources at different locations can be distinguished from each other as well. The method developed is illustrated by application to the air quality situation in Southern California. The contributions of more than 50 types of air pollution sources to primary particle concentrations at Claremont, CA, are separated from each other by post-processing the output from the aerosol processes trajectory model for an externally mixed aerosol developed previously by Kleeman and Cass (1998, Atmospheric Environment 32, 2803–2816; 1999 Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 177–189).
Welfare Dependency Among Chicanos and Puerto Ricans: The Milwaukee Case

This article examines some of the factors involved in welfare recipiency among Latinos living in the city of Milwaukee. The sample was drawn from neighborhoods that were identified as having high l...
Magnetic recording: advancing into the future

In recent years, the stability of recorded data against thermal decay has become an important criterion for judging the performance of magnetic recording systems. Continued growth of storage densities in the presence of thermally activated behaviour, often called the `superparamagnetic effect', requires new innovations in the recording system in general, and the recording media, in particular. This paper reviews some of the recent advances in recording media (e.g. oriented and antiferromagnetically coupled media) that have helped magnetic recording to maintain the areal density growth rate. However, more innovations and novel architectures are needed for the solutions of tomorrow. Among the more promising media approaches, which are discussed in this paper, are perpendicular, patterned and self-assembled nanoparticle media. Additionally, thermally assisted recording is also reviewed as it combines good writeability with high thermal stability.
High dimensional simulation

Recent hybrid-Monte Carlo methods designed for high dimensional simulation will be discussed. Theoretical analysis of these methods as well as numerical results they produce when applied to a model transport problem will be given.
Jak2 tyrosine kinase prevents angiotensin II-mediated inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor degradation

In addition to its role as a vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II also acts as a potent growth factor by activating several tyrosine kinases, including Jak2. Interestingly, Jak2 has been linked to similar cardiovascular pathologies as have been previously linked to the renin-angiotensin system. Identifying the downstream targets of Jak2 via the AT(1) receptor may therefore elucidate its role in the progression of various pathologies. Previously, microarray analysis from our laboratory identified the Type 1 inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor as a potential target of Jak2 following chronic stimulation by angiotensin II. Therefore, we hypothesized that Jak2 regulates IP(3) receptor expression in response to angiotensin II. To test this hypothesis, rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells over-expressing a dominant negative (DN) Jak2 protein were used. The Jak2-dependent signaling in these cells is reduced approximately 90% when compared to RASM control cells. Analysis of protein expression showed that the IP(3) receptor was degraded approximately 2-fold (P<0.05) in cells lacking functional Jak2 within 1 h of treatment by angiotensin II. Notably, degradation of the IP(3) receptor was reversible since protein levels were restored to normal following 2 h of recovery from angiotensin II. To eliminate the possibility of clonal artifact in the DN cells, wild type RASM cells were treated with the Jak2 pharmacological inhibitor, AG490. We found that angiotensin II treatment degraded IP(3) receptor in AG490-treated cells, but not in the vehicle controls. Treatment with lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, completely blocked angiotensin II-mediated degradation of IP(3) receptor, thereby suggesting that the degradation occurs through a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Moreover, the degradation of IP(3) receptor in DN cells correlated with a significant loss of intracellular calcium mobilization when treated with angiotensin II (DN 27.4+/-1.1% vs. WT 42.2+/-4.7%; n=5, P=0.002). We next examined through what mechanism Jak2 regulates the IP(3) receptor. When wild type RASM cells were treated with PP2, an Src-family inhibitor, IP(3) receptor expression was markedly reduced. Since previous data show that Fyn, a downstream target of Jak2, is able to phosphorylate the IP(3) receptor at Tyr 353, we believe our data suggest that Jak2 prevents the angiotensin II-mediated IP(3) receptor degradation through the activation of Fyn. In conclusion, these data suggest that Jak2 has a protective role in maintaining IP(3) receptor expression, potentially through activation of Fyn and subsequent phosphorylation of the IP(3) receptor.
Investigation of covalent aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts formed in vivo in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos and liver

The formation of covalent aflatoxin-DNA adducts has been studied in embryo and yearling stages of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). A linear relationship was found between the amount of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) absorbed into 21-day-old eggs and the level of covalent modification of embryo DNA after exposure to 0.25 to 0.5 p.p.m. aqueous solutions of AFB1 for 1 h; higher concentrations resulted in absorption of a greater proportion of AFB1. The principal covalent product, identified after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of isolated embryo DNA, was chromatographically identical to 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy aflatoxin B1. Additional AFB1 derivatives which were present are believed to be formed by chemical transformation of this product in DNA producing an aflatoxin-formamidopyrimidine adduct and the metabolic activation of other aflatoxin metabolites, such as aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin P1. Although the eggs were exposed to AFB1 for a short time, covalent modification of DNA was evident over an extended period. The highest level of covalent products was present at approximately 24 h after exposure to 0.5 p.p.m. AFB1. Ninety-six hours later, this level had decreased slightly; however, the distribution of covalent adducts had changed: formamidopyrimidine adducts now represented up to 50% of the hydrolyzed aflatoxin derivatives. A similar pattern of covalent aflatoxin derivatives was found in the liver DNA of yearling trout 10 h after the administration of 0.3 mg/kg AFB1.
Early consolidation chemotherapy for adults with acute leukemia in remission

Three courses of intensive consolidation therapy were administered to 13 patients with acute leukemia after they achieved complete remission. The patients were randomly allocated to receive their therapy in or out of a protected environment unit and with or without antibiotic prophylaxis. The results suggest that the protected-environment-prophylactic-antibiotic program may have protected the patients from infection, although the numbers in each group are too small for meaningful comparison. However, early consolidation therapy was not beneficial, since the duration of remission and survival of these patients was less than that of a group of comparable patients who received only conventional maintenance therapy.
Development of an analytical model to a temperature distribution of first level package with a non-uniformly powered die

Microprocessors continue to grow in capabilities, complexity and performance. Microprocessors typically integrate functional components such as logic and level two (L2) cache memory in their architecture. This functional integration of logic and memory results in improved performance of the microprocessor. However, the integration also introduces a layer of complexity in the thermal design and management of microprocessors. As a direct result of functional integration, the power map on a microprocessor is typically highly non-uniform and the assumption of a uniform heat flux across the chip surface has been shown to be invalid post Pentium II architecture. The active side of the die is divided into several functional blocks with distinct power assigned to each functional block. Previous work has been done which includes numerical analysis and thermal Based optimization of a typical package consisting of a non-uniformly powered die, heat spreader, TIM I &II and the base of the heat sink. In this paper, an analytical approach to temperature distribution of a first level package with a non-uniformly powered die is carried out for the first time. The analytical model for two layer bodies developed by Haji-Sheikh et al. is extended to this typical package which is a multilayer body. The solution is to begin by designating each surface heat flux as a volumetric heat source. An inverse methodology will be applied to solve the equations for various surfaces to calculate maximum junction temperature for given multilayer body. Finally validation of the analytical solution will be carried out using developed numerical model.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Pore size distribution determination from liquid permeation through microporous membranes

Abstract Knowledge of the pore size distribution of a microfiltration or ultrafiltration membrane is necessary in order to accurately predict membrane performance in any given application. The liquid permeation technique presented in this paper has been used to obtain data for determining pore size distribution for nearly sixty years. However, the mathematical technique presented in this paper to interpret the experimental data has not been used since its conception in the early nineteen-thirties. This paper examines the merits of this mathematical technique which, when coupled with modern computing capabilities and precise data acquisition, can be used to effectively determine accurate, continuous pore size distributions of hydrophobic membranes.
Key areas for conserving United States' biodiversity likely threatened by future land use change

A major challenge for biodiversity conservation is to mitigate the effects of future environmental change, such as land use, in important areas for biodiversity conservation. In the United States, recent conservation efforts by The Nature Conservancy and partners have identified and mapped the nation's Areas of Biodiversity Significance (ABS), representing the best remaining habitats for the full diversity of native species and ecosystems, and thus the most important and suitable areas for the conservation of native biodiversity. Our goal was to understand the potential consequences of future land use changes on the nation's ABS, and identify regions where ABS are likely to be threatened due to future land use expansion. For this, we used an econometric-based model to forecast land use changes between 2001 and 2051 across the conterminous U.S. under alternative scenarios of future land use change. Our model predicted a total of ∼100,000 to 160,000 km2 of natural habitats within ABS replaced by urban, crop and pasture expansion depending on the scenario (5% to 8% habitat loss across the conterminous U.S.), with some regions experiencing up to 30% habitat loss. The majority of the most threatened ABS were located in the Eastern half of the country. Results for our different scenarios were generally fairly consistent, but some regions exhibited notable difference from the baseline under specific policies and changes in commodity prices. Overall, our study suggests that key areas for conserving United States' biodiversity are likely threatened by future land use change, and efforts trying to preserve the ecological and conservation values of ABS will need to address the potential intensification of human land uses.
Structural control of Ar-HF complexes using dc electric fields: a diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study

Abstract Using diffusion quantum Monte Carlo techniques, we study the structural changes induced in Ar–HF van der Waals complexes by strong (2.5–20 MV/m) dc electric fields. The external field couples the space-fixed and body-fixed orientation of the HF bond, ultimately leading to an increase in the collinear character of the Ar–HF complex. These effects can be explained in terms of a two-dimensional effective potential surface for the argon atom arising from a Born–Oppenheimer-type separation of the rapid HF librational motion and the motion of the argon atom.
Optically improved aluminum oxide membrane through electroless Ni modification

Abstract An optically improved fluid filter for localization and microscopic imaging was prepared by electroless deposition of nickel–boron (Ni–B) nanoparticle structures in the approximately 0.2 um channel walls of alumina-based Anopore™ fluid filter membranes. The relatively simple, two-step membrane modification process of Pd catalyst addition followed by aqueous Ni–B deposition increases filter optical absorption by more than three orders of magnitude. The resulting black membrane retains its original flow properties but has approximately 98% less autofluorescence compared with the unmodified membrane (dark field illuminated at 488 nm) and has a significant reduction in fluorescence signal from non-specifically bound species.
Legacy of Our Grandmothers “I’m Taking This Picture so I’ll Have It When You’re Dead”

What is a legacy? Is it the conferral of monetary goods, physical artifacts, or memories? Or is legacy an extension of the self, complicated and crystallized, as it is refracted through the stories of those left behind? Using the improvisational methodology of collaborative narrative refraction, we sought to deconstruct the concept of legacy as we have experienced it through the loss of our grandmothers in this performative piece. As we spoke about our memories and narratives with one another, shared meaningful artifacts, and engaged in dialogical autobiographical storytelling, we began to think differently about not only our grandmothers’ legacies but also our own legacies as we are constantly constructing them. For us, legacy is not a passive bequeathal to the next generation but rather a current, constant, and complex intermingling of experiences and interactions that are ever refracted through the self and those who have gone before us.
Robust control design framework for substructure models

A framework for designing control systems directly from substructure models and uncertainties is proposed. The technique is based on combining a set of substructure robust control problems by an interface stiffness matrix which appears as a constant gain feedback. Variations of uncertainties in the interface stiffness are treated as a parametric uncertainty. It is shown that multivariable robust control can be applied to generate centralized or decentralized controllers that guarantee performance with respect to uncertainties in the interface stiffness, reduced component modes and external disturbances. The technique is particularly suited for large, complex, and weakly coupled flexible structures.
A match-mismatch theory of limbic system function

The contributions of three key limbic system structures—the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the septum—to human and animal behavior are analyzed, focusing primarily on learning and motivational variables. The amygdala is assumed to be part of a stimulus-analyzing system involved in the processing of reinforcers and salient cues. This system contributes to the formation of conditioned reinforcers and, thus, to the ability of arbitrary cues to control species specific behavior. The hippocampus is assumed to be part of a different stimulus-analyzing system which processes nonsalient stimuli. It habituates all stimuli not associated with reinforcement, this process occurring on any nonreinforced presentation. However, those non-salient stimuli followed by reinforcement are registered as secondary cues. These cues are devoid of conditioned reinforcing properties. The septum is viewed as a coordinating structure that handles the flow of information between these two systems. The principles of operation of these structures are based on neurological and behavioral data from both animals and humans.
Estimating a Statewide Transportation Infrastructure Funding Shortfall Using Long-Range Plans of Metropolitan Planning Organizations:

The information contained in long-range plans of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) can be amalgamated to estimate a statewide, metropolitan, 20-year transportation infrastructure funding shortfall. This article describes the methodology used to calculate such a shortfall in Florida, with information from all 26 MPOs in the state. The cost of needed projects and the dollar amount of anticipated revenue were extracted from each MPO plan. The difference between the two figures is the shortfall from that MPO. The methodology included steps taken to normalize the data for differing plan lengths, analysis base years, and rates of inflation. The results of the study show that Florida is expected to experience a $62.5 billion shortfall over the period 2005 to 2025. This is an annualized shortfall of $3.1 billion and represents a total statewide shortfall of 42.9%. The study concluded that Florida's shortfall has been increasing since the study was first conducted in 1997. Further, the data suggest the ra...
Precise study of the final-state continua in Li 8 and B 8 decays

We studied \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed singles-\ensuremath{\alpha} spectra from $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ decays with special emphasis on a careful calibration of the energy scale. $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ activities were produced by $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$($d,p$) and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$,$n$) reactions, respectively, and deposited in thin C foils. Delayed \ensuremath{\alpha}'s were counted in thin, cooled Si detectors with small solid angles to reduce summing with \ensuremath{\beta}'s. The energy scale and detector response were calibrated with spectroscopic grade radioactive sources. We extracted the $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ final-state continuum shapes from our spectra by using $R$-matrix analyses that included effects of lepton-recoil broadening and detector response. Our results are in excellent agreement with a recent measurement using $^{8}\mathrm{B}$'s implanted in a Si counter and in good agreement with our reanalysis of the older Wilkinson-Alburger $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ data, but disagree with a recent $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ experiment using a coincidence technique.
Stability certification of large scale stochastic systems using dissipativity

In this paper, we analyse the stability of large-scale nonlinear stochastic systems, represented as an interconnection of lower-order stochastic subsystems. Stochastic stability in probability and noise-to-state stability are addressed, and sufficient conditions for the latter are provided. The method proposed proves network stability by using appropriate stochastic passivity properties of its subsystems, and the structure of its interactions. Stability properties are established by the diagonal stability of a dissipativity matrix, which incorporates information about the passivity properties of the systems and their interconnection. Next, we derive equilibrium-independent conditions for the verification of the relevant passivity properties of the subsystems. Finally, we illustrate the proposed approach on a class of biological reaction networks.
Correlated multi-label feature selection

Multi-label learning studies the problem where each instance is associated with a set of labels. There are two challenges in multi-label learning: (1) the labels are interdependent and correlated, and (2) the data are of high dimensionality. In this paper, we aim to tackle these challenges in one shot. In particular, we propose to learn the label correlation and do feature selection simultaneously. We introduce a matrix-variate Normal prior distribution on the weight vectors of the classifier to model the label correlation. Our goal is to find a subset of features, based on which the label correlation regularized loss of label ranking is minimized. The resulting multi-label feature selection problem is a mixed integer programming, which is reformulated as quadratically constrained linear programming (QCLP). It can be solved by cutting plane algorithm, in each iteration of which a minimax optimization problem is solved by dual coordinate descent and projected sub-gradient descent alternatively. Experiments on benchmark data sets illustrate that the proposed methods outperform single-label feature selection method and many other state-of-the-art multi-label learning methods.
Injection of a Drag‐Reducing Fluid into Turbulent Pipe Flow of a Newtonian Fluid

Recent experiments with additives which reduce turbulent skin friction in turbulent shear flow of liquids have suggested that the significant changes in the shear flow occur in the flow very near the wall, in the region of the viscous sublayer. A series of experiments, in which dilute solutions of drag‐reducing fluids were injected into turbulent pipe flow of a Newtonian fluid, were performed in order to determine whether the presence of the additive only in the wall region could produce significant local shear stress reduction. It was found that the local pressure gradient could be reduced by an amount comparable to the flow of a uniform concentration when the fluid was injected in the wall region. Conversely, when the fluid was injected into the turbulent core no reduction in local pressure gradient occurred until the fluid diffused into the wall region. The effects of the injection flow process and the injection apparatus were evaluated and found to be small compared to the results of injection of the drag‐reducing fluid.
Ventricular vulnerability during sympathetic stimulation: role of heart rate and blood pressure

Sequential pulsing of the normal ventricle of intact dogs with twice threshold stimuli during stellate ganglion stimulation resulted in a 60% incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). The occurrence of VF was independent of accompanying changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Reserpine pretreatment prevented the development of VF.
Too much fat, a rare complication of injection medialization laryngoplasty: a case report.

Summary Vocal fold medializatiion with autologous fat is indicated in certain persons with glottic insufficiency. This article reports the first case, to our knowledge, of long-term (greater than 1 year) survival of too much fat after injection into the vocal folds.
GaN MMIC technology for microwave and millimeter-wave applications

In this paper we demonstrate the merits of GaN MMIC technology for high bandwidth millimeter-wave power applications and for microwave robust LNA receiver applications. We report the development of a broadband two-stage microstrip Ka-band GaN MMIC power amplifier, with 15dB of flat small signal gain over the 27.5GHz to 34.5GHz frequency range and 4W of saturated output power at 28GHz, with a power added efficiency of 23.8%. This is to the best of our knowledge the best combination of output power, bandwidth and efficiency reported for a GaN MMIC in Ka-band frequency range. We also report a robust two-stage wideband (0.5GHz-12GHz) GaN LNA MMIC, which can survive 4W of incident input RF power in CW mode without input power protective circuitry. The presented LNA MMIC has, to the best of our knowledge, the best combination of NF, bandwidth, survivability and low power consumption reported to date in GaN technology.
MUSIC, INFORMATION, AND THE GENERAL SYSTEMS PROBLEM SOLVER: A NEW ANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE

Abstract For nearly four decades, scientists and music theorists have proposed means to express musical style as information. The Shannon entropy has been used for this purpose based upon the following two assertions: (1) musical composition is essentially the selection of musical symbols within sets of constraints, and (2) a compositional process can be characterized mathematically in a general, abstract manner. Such proposals have been widely criticized, principally on the grounds that only limited numbers of parameters are considered in most cases, and then only in terms of how symbols representing pitch, harmony or rhythm are selected independently of the overall relationships which result from such selections. The ways in which pitch, harmony, and rhythm are interrelated is an issue that is virtually ignored. A major premise of the present discussion is that musical style can be expressed as information only in terms of mathematical relations on multiple sets of musical symbols. The General Systems P...
Loss of SIRT3 leads to a compensatory shift in cellular metabolism promoting cancer cell growth

Background Mechanisms involved in regulating metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells are not fully understood. Acetylation is emerging as a major regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and may contribute to metabolic derangements that occur in cancer cells. Sirtuin-3, (SIRT3), is the main mitochondrial deacetylase and it serves to maintain mitochondrial energy homeostasis by deacetylating and activating mitochondrial proteins. Loss of SIRT3 leads to altered cellular metabolism including reduced ATP production and decreased fatty acid oxidation [1]. Remarkably, reduced SIRT3 expression is associated with cancer in patients and Sirt3 knockout mice [2]. However, the mechanism of mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation and the sub-sequent increased susceptibility to tumor formation remains unknown.
Physics Of Condensed Matter At Extreme Conditions

The study of matter under extreme conditions is a highly interdisciplinary subject with broad applications to materials science, geophysics and astrophysics. High-pressure properties are studied in the laboratory using static and dynamic techniques. The two differ drastically in the methods of generating and measuring pressure and in the fundamentally different nature of the final compressed state. This article covers a very broad range of conditions, intended to present an overview of important recent developments and to emphasize the behavior of materials and the kinds of properties now being studied.
Atrial Peptides Modify the Effect of Marinobufagenin on Sodium Pumps: Implications for Blood Pressure Control

The demonstration that acute volume expansion released a blood borne natriuretic substance initiated a search for “natriuretic hormone.”1 It was initially thought that this factor might regulate blood pressure by regulating blood volume as an endogenous diuretic. Subsequently, it was suggested that natriuretic hormone might be “endogenous digitalis” and cause natriuresis and vasoconstriction by inhibition of renal tubular and vascular Na,K ATPase (NKA), respectively.1 The possibility that this factor might explain the link between sodium intake and hypertension provided an attractive hypothesis, but progress was hampered by difficulties identifying its biochemical structure. “Endogenous digitalis-like factor” has now been identified as multiple cardiotonic steroids of 2 classes, a glycoside indistinguishable from plant derived ouabain and several bufadienolides that are similar if not identical to those found in toads.2 Most of the endogenous cardiotonic steroids that have been studied cause natriuresis; however, none are yet firmly established as natriuretic hormones. On the other hand, endogenous digitalis-like factors have been implicated as causative agents in some experimental and human forms of hypertension, including preeclampsia.1–3 The exact role of the different types of steroids in the various hypertensive states remains to be determined. By contrast with endogenous digitalis, the natriuretic factors discovered in cardiac atrial granules were rapidly identified as a family of small peptides derived from a larger precursor. Although the precise role of these peptides in plasma volume and blood pressure regulation is still not entirely clear, they inhibit renal tubular sodium reabsorption in multiple sites, and mice in which the …
Goal-Directed Fluid Resuscitation Strategies for the Intensive Care Unit

Fluid resuscitation and management are integral to critical care. Management strategies for common conditions in the intensive care unit are often in conflict. Evidence supports a goal-directed approach to fluid administration, and a number of goals have been evaluated. Concepts and evidence related to hemodynamic and metabolic goals are reviewed.
Cold atoms coupled to a superconducting flux qubit

We present a scheme and our advances to magnetically couple 87Rb atoms to a superconducting flux qubit by trapping the atoms in the evanescent wave outside an tapered optical fiber.
Metric-Based Scatternet Formation and Recovery Optimization for Intel Mote

The Intel Mote is a new sensor node platform with improved radio bandwidth and reliability due to the usage of Bluetooth radio. The connection-oriented nature of Bluetooth raises the issues of effective multi-hop network (scatternet) formation and maintenance that network and routing layer must address on top of the TinyOS abstractions. The hop distance and wireless link quality pose major challenges to multi-hop network performance, especially the connection-oriented networks such as Bluetooth scatternet. In this paper, we present a metric-based scatternet formation algorithm for the Intel Mote, which can optimize the Bluetooth network formation from the hop distance and link quality perspectives. In addition, a smart repair mechanism is proposed to deal with link/node failure and recover the network connectivity promptly with low overhead. The experiments with the Intel Mote platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimizations, which make the platform more powerful
ACTIVE LENGTH CONTROL OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY WIRES VIA REINFORCEMENT LEARNING

The ability to actively control the shape of aerospace structures has initiated research regarding the use of Shape Memory Alloy actuators. These actuators can be used for morphing or shape change by controlling their temperature, which is effectively done by applying a voltage difference across their length. The ability to characterize this temperaturestrain relationship using Reinforcement Learning has been previously accomplished, but in order to control Shape Memory Alloy wires it is more beneficial to learn the voltage-position relationship. Numerical simulation using Reinforcement Learning has been used for determining the temperature-strain relationship for characterizing the major and minor hysteresis loops, and determining a limited control policy relating applied temperature to desired strain. Since Reinforcement Learning creates a non-parametric control policy, and there is not currently a general parametric model for this control policy, determining the voltage-position relationship for a Shape Memory Alloy is done separately. This paper extends earlier numerical simulation results and experimental results in temperature-strain space by applying a similar Reinforcement Learning algorithm to voltage-position space using an experimental hardware apparatus. Results presented in the paper show the ability to converge on a near-optimal control policy for Shape Memory Alloy length control by means of an improved Reinforcement Learning algorithm. These results demonstrate the power of Reinforcement Learning as a method of constructing a policy capable of controlling Shape Memory Alloy wire length.
Reconciling measured scattering response of 3D metamaterials with simulation

Membrane projection lithography is used to create 3-dimensional unit cells in a silicon matrix decorated with metallic inclusions. The structures show pronounced resonances in the 4–16 µm wavelength range and demonstrate direct coupling to the magnetic field of a normally incident transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, a behavior only possible for vertically oriented resonators. Qualitative agreement between rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulation and measured scattering response is shown. COMSOL simulations show that slight variations in both metallic inclusion and silicon unit cell physical dimensions can have large impact in the scattering response, so that design for manufacture of 3D metamaterial structures for applications should be done with care.
On the Status of the Stability Theory of Discontinuous Dynamical Systems

Dynamical systems can be classified in a variety of ways. Thus, when the time set \(T=\mathbb{R}^+=[0, \infty)\) we speak of a continuous-time dynamical system and when \(T=\mathbb{N}=\{0, 1, 2, \cdots\}\) we speak of a discrete-time dynamical system. When the state space \(X\) is a finite dimensional linear space, we speak of a finite dimensional dynamical system, and otherwise, of an infinite dimensional dynamical system. When all the motions in a continuous-time dynamical system are continuous with respect to time, we speak of a continuous dynamical system and when at least one of the motions in a continuous-time dynamical system is not continuous with respect to time, we speak of a discontinuous dynamical system (DDS). Continuous dynamical systems may be viewed as special cases of DDSs.
Osteoclast activation and sickle bone disease.

In this issue of Blood , [Dalle Carbonare et al][1] report that osteoclast activation in combination with suppressed osteoblast function is central to sickle bone disease in a murine model and that zoledronic acid prevents hypoxia/reperfusion-related exacerbation of these processes.[1][2] ![Figure
Heterogeneous fracture mechanics for multi-defect analysis

Abstract Discrete flaw computational damage mechanics is often used to certify the life of composite aircraft parts made from continuous fiber reinforced composite laminates. Other modes and combinations of damage that define changes in the defect state and the attendant loss of integrity and increased risk of operation of composite structures throughout the life of a component do not yet have a corresponding general representation. The present paper postulates a more general “heterogeneous fracture mechanics” concept based on an experimental observable and a multiphysics analysis used to interpret such observations, for multi-defect representations. Experimental and analytical foundations for the new concept are presented. The method can provide a foundation for the conception and design of durable and damage tolerant heterogeneous material systems for a myriad of applications, including vehicular and civil structures, medical prosthetics, and energy conversion and storage devices.
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. I. A personality description approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes

It was proposed that sex stereotypes be phrased in terms of the person perception construct, “implicit personality theory,” as the structured sets of inferential relations that link personal attributes to the social categories female and male. The utility of this formulation was assessed by having 31 college students use a set of 66 personality traits to describe other people. A measure of trait co-occurrence was derived from these data and was used as input to Kruskal's multidimensional scaling program. A two-dimensional configuration was interpreted in terms of two orthogonal properties, Social Desirability and Potency. An Indirect Female-Male property (based on the proportion of times each trait was used to describe a male) was strongly related to the configuration and was closely aligned with the Potency vector. Thus, stereotypes of females and males were associated with the Potency dimension of person perception, with females seen as “soft” and males as “hard.” The directly rated sex property Male-Female was also located near the Potency vector, but was not strongly related to the configuration. This lack of fit may have been due to social desirability responding. The results support the utility of formulating sex stereotypes in terms of implicit personality theory and suggest the need to distinguish direct and indirect assessments of stereotypes.
Near-diffraction-limited F-3.1 apochromat singlet lens design enabled by spherical gradient index

A refractive singlet lens design that is near-diffraction-limited across the F, d, C wavelengths, hence across most of the visible spectrum, is presented. The lens is a reasonably fast F/3.1. An offset spherical gradient index (GRIN) and careful choice of GRIN materials enables this performance.
Does author affiliation reputation affect uncitedness

This study analyzes the relation between author affiliation reputation and uncitedness. We use 2015 U.S. News Best Global University Subject rankings as representative of affiliation reputation and collect uncited papers from 24 journals in six subjects from WoS. Preliminary correlation analysis results indicate that: (1) there is a significant correlation between affiliation reputation and uncitedness. (2) their relation is negatively and weakly correlated. And secondary data collection and correlation analysis proved that relation between affiliation reputation and uncitedness vary in different subjects. The findings of this study would attract scientists' attention to avoid Matthew Effect and focus more on research papers rather than reputation when citing references.
Context matters in MLL-AF9-driven leukemias.

In this issue of Blood , Man et al demonstrate that the transforming activity of the leukemic fusion oncogene MLL-AF9 is regulated by inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1), a dominant-negative regulator of E protein transcription factors. 1
Optimal planning of unpunctual preventive maintenance

ABSTRACTIn traditional maintenance decision-making, maintenance planners assume that their prescribed Preventive Maintenance (PM) policies will be implemented without error. In practice, however, the individuals responsible for implementing such plans often deviate from the intended PM policy, resulting in unpunctual PM actions. We formulate cost-rate minimizing models to investigate the impact of such deviations, assuming that the actual PM time differs from the scheduled PM time in a probabilistic manner. We establish both analytical and numerical results for two specific types of maintenance policies, namely, age replacement with and without minimal repair.
Anesthesia in the MRI Suite and for CT Scan

Complex imaging technology offers exceptional diagnostic and therapeutic procedural capabilities. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are non-operating room locations that can represent significant challenges for the delivery of safe patient care. Over the past decade, requests for anesthesiology services in these remote imaging environments have dramatically increased. This chapter examines many of the complexities and hazards that are relatively unique to MRI and CT, such as the ferromagnetic missile effect, thermal injury, difficulties with patient monitoring in a strong electromagnetic environment, ionizing radiation, and magnetic and radio-opaque contrast agents. Options and rationales for sedation and anesthesia care in these remote locations are presented, along with methods to address the particular hazards and challenges found in each of these imaging suites. Patient safety and occupational safety are thoroughly addressed. Anesthesiologists should become familiar with these concepts, as the clinical demand for our safe and efficient services in these unique environments continues to grow.
Genetic Syndromes of Renal Hypertension

Numerous molecular pathways for hypertension have been identified through advances in genetic mapping and sequencing techniques since the early 1990s. Particularly, the study of rare hypertension syndromes led to understanding of blood pressure-regulating pathways and identification of novel drug targets. The most common mechanism underlying many of these mostly inherited syndromes is increased renal sodium reabsorption, highlighting the importance of the kidney in regulating blood pressure. Increased activation of the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway and the malfunctioning of the sympathetic nervous system have both been implicated in inducing renal hypertension as well, while complementary studies examining lower blood pressure phenotypes have identified novel pathways exclusively linked to renal sodium wasting. The investigation and understanding of rare inherited syndromes of renal hypertension have important implications on improving both diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the general population.
Enhancing capillary trapping effectiveness through proper time scheduling of injection of supercritical CO2 in heterogeneous formations

The impact of geologic heterogeneity on capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has been recognized and appraised through laboratory experimentation and modeling. However, how different injection strategies can be optimized to improve capillary trapping has not received adequate attention. We present a study based on stochastic analysis to show the impact of injection scheduling on capillary trapping of scCO2 in heterogeneous geological formations. Improvement of trapping efficiency consists of maximizing the trapped volume within a predefined secure zone of the storage formation with the goal of avoiding plume intersection with potential leakage pathways. Using knowledge acquired from physical experiments in intermediate-scale tanks with controlled heterogeneity, we conduct numerical simulations following a stochastic approach to extend the observed outcomes to a series of equally probable permeability scenarios. Our simulations involve the same combination of surrogate fluids that are used in the experiments to mimic viscosity and density contrasts between scCO2 and brine. To account for uncertainty of formation heterogeneity, several permeability fields with three different variances and two horizontal correlation lengths are generated. The same volume of scCO2 is emplaced using four different modes of injection scheduling. Results suggest that injection strategies aimed at enhancing capillary trapping of scCO2 and increasing the probability of constraining the plume within a secure zone are strictly related to the specific heterogeneity of the reservoir. This preliminary theoretical finding suggests the potential for maximizing secure capillary trapping through the proper selection of injection schedule to fit the formation heterogeneity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.