cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-operative central nervous system complications

In the early post-operative period, unconsciousness may be related to anaesthetic events, hypoxic episodes, stroke, or embolic phenomena. Once anaesthetic effects have been eliminated from the differential diagnosis, investigations such as clinical neurological examination and computerised axial tomography may shed some light on the diagnosis. Electrophysiological monitoring may be useful in determining possible outcome. Before carrying out assessment of the unconscious patient, it is important to be certain that neuromuscular blockade has been adequately reversed. In the presence of a full train of four and sustained contraction to 50Hz supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation, the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents can be assumed to be absent. Opioid analgesics are a common cause of failure to awaken after general anaesthesia. In the absence of other drugs affecting pupil size, pupillary constriction is a general effect of opioids and suggests that naloxone is indicated. Naloxone in 401xg increments to a total of 0.4mg
Coronary artery disease in young women: the menstrual cycle and other risk factors.

In this issue, Kawano and colleagues elegantly explore the relationship of endogenous hormone levels to arterial function and coronary ischemic symptoms. Consideration of the interaction of the men...
Internal Reasons: Reply to Brady, Van Roojen and Gert

In an earlier paper I identified two desiderata of a theory of practical reasons which favour internalism, and then argued that forms of this doctrine which are currently on offer lose either one or the other in trying to avoid the conditional fallacy. Michael Brady, Mark van Roojen and Josh Gert have separately attempted to respond to my argument. I set out reasons why all fail.
An Apparatus for High-Precision Helium Diffusion Measurements from Minerals

We describe a simple and low-cost apparatus for in-vacuum helium diffusion measurements that reduces temperature gradients, set point overshoot, and ramping times compared with conventional resistance furnace techniques. The sample, suspended by a thin wire in a vacuum chamber, is heated by radiation from an Al-coated projector bulb passed through a sapphire viewport. Because the total mass of the sample package being heated is small (typically <100 mg), thermal gradients and thermal inertia are both small. In experiments with set points between 100 and 750 °C, this apparatus can achieve set point from room temperature in ∼90 s, usually with <3 °C of set point overshoot persisting for just a few seconds. Helium diffusion coefficient measurements indirectly indicate that temperatures are precise and reproducible to better than ±2 °C.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 blockade augments the T-cell response primed by attenuated Listeria monocytogenes resulting in more rapid clearance of virulent bacterial challenge.

Summary Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) uniformly suppresses antigen-specific T cells during chronic infection with bacterial, parasitic or viral pathogens. However, the importance of CTLA-4 in controlling the T-cell response during acute infection or after priming with live attenuated vaccine vectors has not been well characterized. Since strategies aimed at blocking CTLA-4 are being actively developed to therapeutically augment T-cell-mediated immunity, the effects of CTLA-4 blockade on T-cell activation during these conditions need to be more clearly defined. We have examined the role of CTLA-4 in a prime-challenge model of acute bacterial infection using both attenuated and virulent strains of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Although Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells are the predominant CTLA-4-expressing cell type in naive mice, antigen-specific Foxp3− CD4+ cells upregulate CTLA-4 expression after primary L. monocytogenes infection. Blockade of CTLA-4 results in increased numbers of L. monocytogenes-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells after primary infection with attenuated L. monocytogenes, and confers more rapid bacterial clearance after secondary challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes. Accordingly, CTLA-4 plays an important suppressive role in T-cell priming and protective immunity in a prime-challenge model of acute bacterial infection.
Intrathecal baclofen use in adults with cerebral palsy

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for both spasticity and dystonia in people with cerebral palsy (CP). Its use is becoming increasingly common. ITB is typically associated with fewer side effects than the oral form of the product, but there are risks related to the hardware needed for intrathecal delivery. Much of what has been reported in the literature about ITB is based on experience with children or groups of children and adults; few reports exclusively address its use in adults with CP. These reports indicate that muscle tone is consistently reduced, but there is some variability in functional outcomes. Few well-controlled studies have been done. Controversies remain concerning ITB, including whether a trial is needed before pump implantation, proper catheter tip placement, and programming options, as well as whether it contributes to the development or progression of scoliosis. These and other unanswered questions should be addressed in a systematic way.
Decentralized cooperation: a distributed approach to team design in a concurrent engineering organization

A multi‐component design of a “concurrent team” is described here for a concurrent engineering organization. This concurrent “team design” is composed of four essential teaming components: a logical component, a virtual component, a technological component and a personnel (work‐group or humane) component. The description is based on an implementation of a “concurrent team” environment for product development at Delphi Divisions of General Motors. The paper first describes how to configure a “concurrent team” organization that provides a decentralized cooperation during an integrated product development (IPD) process. The paper then shows how, with strategic design of a “concurrent team,” an organization can achieve optimum teamwork productivity during an IPD. As it has been observed during a number of automotive projects that the teamwork productivity of a concurrent engineering organization is largely influenced by the design of such “concurrent teams” as well as by elements of decentralized cooperation, the paper, also describes four key elements of decentralized cooperation that have been found useful with IPD clients.
Transport characteristics of mammalian Rh and Rh glycoproteins expressed in heterologous systems

The development and use of heterologous expression systems is critical for deciphering the function of mammalian Rh and Rh-glycoproteins. The studies here use Xenopus oocytes, well known for their ability to readily traffic and express difficult membrane proteins, and S. cerevisiae wild-type strains and mutants that are defective in ammonium transport. Data obtained in both of these expression systems revealed that mammalian Rh-glycoprotein-mediated transport (RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG) is an electroneutral process that is driven by the NH4+ concentration and the transmembrane H+ gradient, effectively exchanging NH4+ for H+ in a process that results in transport of net NH3. Homology modeling and functional studies suggest that the more recently evolved erythrocyte blood group proteins, RhCE and RhD, may not function directly in ammonia transport and may be evolving a new function in the RBC membrane. The relationship of Rh and Rh-glycoproteins to the Amt/Mep ammonium transporters is substantiated with functional transport data and structural modeling.
Temporalising anthropology: archaeology in the Talensi Tong Hills, northern Ghana

The central premise of Temporalising Anthropology is to add a chronological dimension to the classic structural functionalist studies of Meyer Fortes among the Talensi in the 1930s and 1940s. The a...
Electromagnetic wave propagation and wave-vector diagram in space-time periodic media

The electromagnetic wave propagation and wave-vector diagram in generally space-time periodic dielectric, plasma, and uniaxial plasma are studied for TE and TM waves. The case of a sinusoidal periodicity is solved numerically. Special properties due to the inhomogeneity are presented.
Repression of Mitochondrial Translation, Respiration and a Metabolic Cycle-Regulated Gene, SLF1, by the Yeast Pumilio-Family Protein Puf3p

Synthesis and assembly of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system requires genes located both in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but how gene expression is coordinated between these two compartments is not fully understood. One level of control is through regulated expression mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and other factors required for mitochondrial translation and OXPHOS assembly, which are all products of nuclear genes that are subsequently imported into mitochondria. Interestingly, this cadre of genes in budding yeast has in common a 3′-UTR element that is bound by the Pumilio family protein, Puf3p, and is coordinately regulated under many conditions, including during the yeast metabolic cycle. Multiple functions have been assigned to Puf3p, including promoting mRNA degradation, localizing nucleus-encoded mitochondrial transcripts to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and facilitating mitochondria-cytoskeletal interactions and motility. Here we show that Puf3p has a general repressive effect on mitochondrial OXPHOS abundance, translation, and respiration that does not involve changes in overall mitochondrial biogenesis and largely independent of TORC1-mitochondrial signaling. We also identified the cytoplasmic translation factor Slf1p as yeast metabolic cycle-regulated gene that is repressed by Puf3p at the post-transcriptional level and promotes respiration and extension of yeast chronological life span when over-expressed. Altogether, these results should facilitate future studies on which of the many functions of Puf3p is most relevant for regulating mitochondrial gene expression and the role of nuclear-mitochondrial communication in aging and longevity.
The Space Cost Curve and Variable Transport Costs: a General Production Function Case:

This paper attempts to incorporate a production function with input substitution into the Smith model and to re-examine the basic properties and the shape of space cost curve. It has shown the space cost curve will be (i) concave from below in the distance plane, when the transport rate is constant or decreasing with distance; (ii) linear, convex or concave from below in the distance plane, when the transport rate is increasing with distance. This result is quite different from Smith's, Richardson's and Mai's.
Valence bond solid phases in a cubic antiferromagnet.

We report on a valence bond projector Monte Carlo simulation of the cubic lattice quantum Heisenberg model with additional higher-order exchange interactions in each unit cell. The model supports two different valence bond solid (VBS) ground states. In one of these states, the dimer pattern is a three-dimensional analogue of the columnar pattern familiar from two dimensions. In the other, the dimers are regularly arranged along the four main diagonals in $\frac{1}{8}$ of the unit cells. The phases are separated from one another and from a N\'eel phase by strongly first-order boundaries. Our results strengthen the case for exotic transitions in two dimensions, where no discontinuities have been detected at the Heisenberg N\'eel--VBS transition driven by four-spin plaquette interactions.
A Multisurface Matrix-Isolation Apparatus

A multisurface matrix-isolation apparatus has been designed and interfaced to an FT-IR vacuum spectrometer. The design permits independent matrix-isolation studies with sixty different surfaces. It also allows direct measurement of matrix gas to guest ratios with an integral cooled quartz crystal microbalance. Problems associated with moving the matrix block while maintaining good thermal contact are discussed. Finally, some applications to studies of coal pyrolysis, metal atom chemistry, and quantitative analysis are presented.
Putting Foreign Consumers on the Map: J. Walter Thompson's Struggle with General Motors' International Advertising Account in the 1920s

In the late 1920s and early 1930s the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, fueled largely by a deal with General Motors' international operations, opened thirty-four branch offices in Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, India, Australia, and South America. The overseas branches allowed the agency to sharpen its methods of quantitative research. They also enabled J. Walter Thompson to establish lasting understandings of European markets that proved beneficial for its long-term health.
The new pathophysiology of coronary artery disease

Abstract Our understanding of coronary artery disease risk and the atherosclerotic process has changed greatly in recent years. For example, it is now known that angiographically apparent coronary artery plaque is not the major cause of myocardial infarction (MI). Rather, it is unstable, soft plaque that cannot be seen angiographically that is prone to rupture and result in infarction. Also important are changes in vascular reactivity resulting from diet. Cholesterol levels by themselves reveal little about a patient’s coronary artery disease risk. Most infarctions occur in patients who have normal total cholesterol levels. At-risk patients can be identified using the ratio of total-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The ratio of triglyceride to HDL cholesterol levels is also important. Simple steps to assess patients’ risk in practice are outlined. Primary prevention trials demonstrate that coronary artery disease risk can be lowered dramatically with diet and drug therapy.
918-7 Limitations of Percutaneous Interventions in the Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions Involving the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Serious complications may occur when intervention is unsuccessful in bifurcation lesions involving the left anterior descending (LAD) and first major diagonal (D), because of the large amount of involved myocardium. To determine this complication rate, we reviewed 82 consecutive cases, over a 3 year period, in which these lesions were attempted. Sixty-six percent of the subjects were male, and 37% had unstable angina. The mean age was 59 and the mean ejection fraction was 56%. Digital calipers were used to measure vessel minimum lumen (MLD) and reference diameters. For the LAD the final MLD was 1.81 mm and for the 0 1.32 mm. The final percent mean diameter stenoses for the LAD and D were 41% and 45%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rates of success or complication between groups treated with angioplasty only (N = 68) or directional atherectomy (N = 14). The in-hospital event-free success rate was 55%. The in-hospital complication rates were: Recurrent Ischemia 16% Ventricular Tachycardia 2% Myocardial Infarction 14% Stroke 2% Bypass Surgery 12% Death 1% Repeat Procedure 4% Composite 34% Conclusion LAD bifurcation lesion intervention is associated with a high in-hospital complication rate. Since these lesions are not amenable to stent placement or atherectomy with simultaneous protection of both vessels, these cases should be carefully evaluated before intervention, and bypass surgery should be considered as a treatment option.
Zooplankton egg banks as biotic reservoirs in changing environments

The long-lived diapausing eggs of zooplankton constitute an ecological and evolutionary reservoir that can impact the rate and direction of population, community, and ecosystem response to environmental change. Viable diapausing eggs are often extremely abundant and can survive in aquatic sediments for decades or longer. As the mean environment changes, the frequency of extreme conditions will likely increase, and species with prolonged diapause will be able to survive extreme years of no recruitment, whereas species lacking an egg bank will not. An altered environment may change which species have poor recruitment and even, through effects on thermal diapause cues, which species produce an egg bank. The interaction between environmental variation and generation overlap (produced by prolonged diapause) results in the maintenance of biotic diversity (both species richness and genetic variation), which forms the foundation for response to future environmental change.
Privacy preserving learning in negotiation

Machine learning techniques are widely used in negotiation systems. To get more accurate and satisfactory learning results, negotiation parties have the desire to employ learning techniques on the union of their past negotiation records. However, negotiation records are usually confidential and private, and owners may not want to reveal the details of these records. In this paper, we introduce a privacy preserving negotiation learning scheme that incorporate secure multiparty computation techniques into negotiation learning algorithms to allow negotiation parties to securely complete the learning process on a union of distributed data sets. As an example, a detailed solution for secure negotiation Q-learning is presented based on two secure multiparty computations: weighted mean and maximum. We also introduce a novel protocol for the secure maximum operation.
Efficiently maintaining moving micro clusters for clustering moving objects

Clustering moving objects is a challenging task, especially when space consumption must be flexibly and efficiently adjusted based on dynamic object movement. In this paper we develop an efficient approach to dynamically maintain a small set of moving micro clusters (MMCs) to represent groups of similar moving objects. Global clusters can then be generated by any clustering algorithm, whenever is needed, from these representative MMCs, not from individual objects. Under our approach, each MMC is represented by a vector that summarizes the position and velocity information of its member objects. Based on this summarized information, a set of simple formulas is developed to efficiently predict when the contents of MMCs must be updated. MMCs are also organized into a moving cluster feature (MCF) tree so they can be efficiently merged for conserving space and accelerating global clustering.
Simulation of Resonance Streaming at the ERHIC Electron Storage Ring

To estimate electron beam lifetime and detector background at the future electron-ion collider eRHIC, knowledge of the electron beam halo region is essential. Simulations have been performed to determine the deviation of the transverse beam profile from a Gaussian distribution.
Life cycle water consumption of low-carbon transportation fuels IEEE ISSST (May 2009)

The looming challenges of global warming and peak oil have begun to spur the development of alternatives to our current petroleum based transportation system. However, before these alternatives are implemented on a significant scale, it is important to assess these technologies with a broad lens and ensure that they will not introduce more problems than they will solve. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to explore one potential impact of particular interest in Arizona, the consumption of water.
Long-term urinary, sexual, and rectal morbidity in patients treated with iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy followed up for a minimum of 5 years.

Objectives To define the long-term morbidity in patients with prostate cancer who underwent iodine-125 brachytherapy. Methods A total of 325 men with localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy had a median follow-up of 7 years (range 5 to 15). The American Urological Association symptom score, erectile function status, rectal bleeding incidence, and presence of urinary incontinence were collected prospectively before implantation and every 6 months thereafter. Comparisons were made between the pretreatment and treatment-related factors and their associations with quality-of-life changes. Associations were tested using the Student t , chi-square, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results The median prostate volume and maximal dose to 90% of the prostate was 36.6 cm 3 and 167 Gy, respectively. Of the 325 men, 15.7% experienced prostate-specific antigen failure and 4% started androgen deprivation therapy. The mean total symptom and bother scores increased from baseline ( P P = 0.6). There were no significant associations among patient age, race, hormonal therapy use, prostate size, radiation dose, and urinary morbidity. Incontinence occurred in 4 (1.2%) of the 325 patients at the last follow-up visit and was associated with transurethral resection of the prostate (odds ratio 8.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 62, P = 0.008). Before implantation, 77.2% were able to have an erection adequate for intercourse and 50.6% were able to at the last follow-up visit. A significant correlation was found between potency preservation and age ( P P = 0.023). Conclusions The preservation of urinary, sexual, and rectal quality of life is excellent at long follow-up for patients implanted with iodine-125.
Microleakage in restorations with glass ionomer liners after thermocycling

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare microleakage around two types of restorations lined with polyalkenoate (glass ionomer) cements after thermocycling. Preparations were made in 48 molars to a diameter and depth of 2.0 mm. Half of the preparations were lined with glass ionomer, and the remainder were not lined. Dental amalgam or glass ionomer restorative material was placed and the amalgams were left unburnished and unpolished. Selected restorations were thermocycled 625 times between 4°C and 50°C. Teeth were immersed in 0.5 per cent methylene blue solution, sectioned and visually scored for microleakage at × 100 magnification. Data analysis indicated significant differences in microleakage because of. thermocycling ( χ 2 = 103.38, d.f. = 19, 2 P χ 2 = 53.28, d.f. = 19, 2 P χ 2 = 103.44, d.f. = 19, 2 P
Packet routing in optimal time on a butterfly

An algorithm is presented that does packet routing on an N-node butterfly in time O(log N) with small constants. The algorithm is based on A. Ranade's (1987) probabilistic random access machine (PRAM) emulation. The algorithm is simplified by focusing on packet routing. Bounds on the performance of the algorithm are proven for permutation routing and uniform random traffic. The main results are upper bounds on the probability that the routing time exceeds t for a fixed queue size. The constants achieved are the best to date. A complete description of the routing algorithm is given. >
Efficacy of Handheld Electronic Visual Supports to Enhance Vocabulary in Children With ASD

Although electronic tools such as handheld computers have become increasingly common throughout society, implementation of such tools to improve skills in individuals with intellectual and developm...
“Race,” Space, and Power: The Survival Strategies of Working Poor Women

Feminist geographers have documented that the spatial entrapment of many women negatively affects their economic opportunities. The experiences of many African-American women, however, suggest that the spatial-entrapment thesis requires refinement. I argue that the spatial-entrapment thesis is based on a problematic conceptualization of the links between space and power in people's daily lives, one that equates immobility with powerlessness and mobility with power. The thesis not only theorizes power as unidirectional (i.e., more power, more mobility), it also masks important differences among women by undertheorizing mobility and immobility relative to social relations other than gender, such as “race.” I argue that, depending on the constellation of power relations, the spatial boundedness of women's lives is a potential resource for, as well as a constraint on, their economic security. The utility of this reconceptualization of the links between space and power for examining the opportunities for and b...
Baselines and Bigrams: Simple, Good Sentiment and Topic Classification

Variants of Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are often used as baseline methods for text classification, but their performance varies greatly depending on the model variant, features used and task/dataset. We show that: (i) the inclusion of word bigram features gives consistent gains on sentiment analysis tasks; (ii) for short snippet sentiment tasks, NB actually does better than SVMs (while for longer documents the opposite result holds); (iii) a simple but novel SVM variant using NB log-count ratios as feature values consistently performs well across tasks and datasets. Based on these observations, we identify simple NB and SVM variants which outperform most published results on sentiment analysis datasets, sometimes providing a new state-of-the-art performance level.
Perioperative DNR Orders, Palliative Surgery, and Ethics

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders and implementation vary among institutions. Without clear documentation and communication, DNR orders may be a source of misunderstanding among health care team members. A DNR order must be clearly defined so that patients, family members, and the health care team understand patient wishes if a life-threatening event occurs. A DNR order does not mean that patients are "giving up" or refusing treatment to make their life more comfortable or improve their quality of life. A DNR order identifies the decision of a patient and care team regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation during a life-ending event. Often patients who have a DNR order may require palliative surgical intervention; this may present a challenge for nurses caring for a patient. This article discusses the ethical issues and methods of respecting DNR work orders for patients undergoing surgery and the role of palliative surgery in addressing quality of life and care issues.
Nutritional Genomics: Defining the Dietary Requirement and Effects of Choline

As it becomes evident that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans can create metabolic inefficiencies, it is reasonable to ask if such SNPs influence dietary requirements. Epidemiologic studies that examine SNPs relative to risks for diseases are common, but there are few examples of clinically sized nutrition studies that examine how SNPs influence metabolism. Studies on how SNPs influence the dietary requirement for choline provide a model for how we might begin examining the effects of SNPs on nutritional phenotypes using clinically sized studies (clinical nutrigenomics). Most men and postmenopausal women develop liver or muscle dysfunction when deprived of dietary choline. More than one-half of premenopausal women may be resistant to choline deficiency-induced organ dysfunction, because estrogen induces the gene [phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT)] that catalyzes endogenous synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which can subsequently yield choline. Those premenopausal women that do require a dietary source of choline have a SNP in PEMT, making them unresponsive to estrogen induction of PEMT. It is important to recognize differences in dietary requirements for choline in women, because during pregnancy, maternal dietary choline modulates fetal brain development in rodent models. Because choline metabolism and folate metabolism intersect at the methylation of homocysteine, manipulations that limit folate availability also increase the use of choline as a methyl donor. People with a SNPs in MTHFD1 (a gene of folate metabolism that controls the use of folate as a methyl donor) are more likely to develop organ dysfunction when deprived of choline; their dietary requirement is increased because of increased need for choline as a methyl donor.
Crystal structure of tri-phenyl(vinyl)-phospho-nium tetra-phenyl-borate.

The title ionic salt, C21H20P+·C24H20B−, crystallized with two independent vinyl­tri­phenyl­phospho­nium cations and two independent tetra­phenyl­borate anions per asymmetric unit. These four independent moieties contain nearly perfect tetra­hedral symmetry about their respective central C atoms. In the crystal, there are no π-stacking or other inter­molecular inter­actions present.
Central Nervous System Symptoms: Headache, Seizures, Encephalopathy, and Memory Impairment

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The clinical manifestations are pleomorphic, ranging from headache, seizures, acute mental status changes, focal neurological deficits, or chronic cognitive and memory changes. In patients with known and treated tumors, careful analysis of the clinical symptoms may help distinguish between neurologic complications of therapy from those due to cancer itself, paraneoplastic syndromes, toxic or metabolic derangements. Palliation of symptoms using a multimodality therapy approach may be necessary when symptoms are not relieved by the treatment of the underlying tumor.
A Metaphysical Reading of the First Meditation

Cartesian scholarship has been obsessed with the "problem of the circle" for thirty years or more. I cannot be alone in thinking that solutions to it have become increasingly complex, epicyclic and improbable. We need fresh ideas that will simplify matters, even ideas that may initially seem naive. Peirce's 1877 article on the fixation of belief contains an implicit hypothesis about a way to read Descartes' programme of doubt.' When Descartes tells us at the outset of the First Meditation that he wants beliefs that are stable and permanent ("firmum et mansurum"), could we naively take him at his word? My aim here is to outline such a reading of the First Meditation, to review its foundation in the text, and to call attention to its dialectical advantages over the main rival interpretation.
167. Long-term effects of total body irradiation on sympathetic innervation of the murine spleen

Previous studies in mice have shown that total body irradiation (TBI) leads to splenic atrophy, acute reductions in splenic leukocyte populations, and changes in phagocytic function. We also reported that many TBI-induced changes in splenic phagocytic populations were mitigated by chlorisondamine, a non-selective nicotinic blocker, suggesting sympathetic control. To characterize the long-term effects associated with TBI on the noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen, female, 9–10 week-old C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with Co-60 gamma-rays (0–2 Gy) and euthanized 6 months later. Sucrose–potassium phosphate–glyoxylic acid (SPG) histofluorescence staining and HPLC were used to examine splenic noradrenergic innervation and neurochemical concentration of catecholamines, respectively. All samples of the spleen were taken distal to the hilus. Fluorescence histochemistry for catecholamines revealed no change in the distribution of fluorescent nerves in the splenic white pulp in irradiated mice compared with controls. However, the density of sympathetic nerves coursing along the central arterioles and extending into the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath was greater in mice irradiated at 2 Gy compared with non-irradiated controls. The white pulps also appeared to be reduced in spleens from this group. While norepinephrine concentrations did not differ from control values, dopamine concentrations were reduced. Collectively, these findings suggest maintained nerve distribution in a reduced volume of white pulp in irradiated mice, and increased norepinephrine release and availability for target cells of the immune system.
Cloning and Expression of Protein VP7 of Rotavirus

Objective To clone and express the VP7 gene of rotavirus in E.coli. Method The VP7 fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE-30 vector. After verified by digesting with restriction endonuclease and sequencing. The recombinant vector was transformed into E.coli BL21. The expressed protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. Result According to the SDS-PAGE analysis, the relative molecular mass(Mr) of the fusion protein is about 48000 Mr. Conclusion The VP7 of rotavirus was cloned and expressed as fusion protein in E.coli.
Comparison of imaging performance of DR,PCM and CR systems under automatic exposure control mode

Objective To compare the differences of imaging performance of three digital mammography systems (DR,PCM,CR). Methods PASMAM-1054 and CDMAM 3.4 phantom of different thickness were exposed on DR,PCM and CR systems under automatic exposure control (AEC) mode,respectively. The average glandular dose (AGD) and image quality figure (IQF) were calculated to evaluate the difference of imaging quality. The impact of dose on image quality and the effect of different PMMA thickness on the dose were taken into account to compare the overall image quality of three digital mammography systems. Results The result from PASMAM-1054 phantom indicated that no significant difference were found in imaging quality between DR and PCM (P=0.3960),both DR and PCM system were better than CR system (P=0.0024). The result from CDMAM 3.4 phantom showed that DR system was better than PCM (P0.05) and CR (P=0.0003) in imaging quality,PCM was better than CR (P=0.0003). Conclusion Among the three sets of imaging system,the imaging performance of DR and PCM systems was better relatively because of their better imaging quality and lower AGD. The AGD of the CR system was low relatively,however its image quality was worse than the other two systems. The comprehensive imaging capability of CR was not as good as DR and PCM system.
Analysis on willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and related factors

Objective To understand the willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and its influential factors among people seeking counsel and HIV test, STD clinic patients, university students, migrant people, female sex workers(FSWs), men who have sex with men(MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs). Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 511 subjects in the 7 groups selected by different sampling methods, and 509 valid questionnaires were collected. Results The majority of subjects were males (54.8%) and aged 20-29 years (41.5%). Among the subjects, 60.3% had education level of high school or above, 55.4% were unmarried, 37.3% were unemployed, 73.3% had monthly expenditure<2 000 Yuan RMB, 44.2% had received HIV test, 28.3% knew HIV saliva test, 21.0% were willing to receive HIV saliva test, 2.0% had received HIV saliva test, only 1.0% had bought HIV test kit for self-test, and 84.1% were willing to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subject group, age, education level, employment status, monthly expenditure level, HIV test experience and willingness to receive HIV saliva test were correlated statistically with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subject group and monthly expenditure level were statistically correlated with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Conclusion The willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and acceptable price of HIV antibody saliva rapid test varied in different areas and populations. Different populations may have different willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test; the affordability of the test could influence the willingness to pay for the test. Key words: HIV; Saliva rapid test; Willingness to pay
WIGM: Discovery of Subgraph Patterns in a Large Weighted Graph.

Many research areas have begun representing massive data sets as very large graphs. Thus, graph mining has been an active research area in recent years. Most of the graph mining research focuses on mining unweighted graphs. However, weighted graphs are actually more common. The weight on an edge may represent the likelihood or logarithmic transformation of likelihood of the existence of the edge or the strength of an edge, which is common in many biological networks. In this paper, a weighted subgraph pattern model is proposed to capture the importance of a subgraph pattern and our aim is to find these patterns in a large weighted graph. Two related problems are studied in this paper: (1) discovering all patterns with respect to a given minimum weight threshold and (2) finding k patterns with the highest weights. The weighted subgraph patterns do not possess the anti-monotonic property and in turn, most of existing subgraph mining methods could not be directly applied. Fortunately, the 1-extension property is identified so that a bounded search can be achieved. A novel weighted graph mining algorithm, namely WIGM, is devised based on the 1-extension property. Last but not least, real and synthetic data sets are used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed models and algorithms.
Wearable antennas using electronic textiles for RF communications and medical monitoring

We present a new class of wearable antennas based on automated embroidery of metal-coated polymer threads (E-threads), with resolution down to 0.1mm. The developed prototypes are flexible, mechanically robust, lightweight, and exhibit similar performance to their copper counterparts. Remarkably, the shape precision can be as high as 0.1mm, viz. similar to the state-of-the-art printed circuit boards (PCBs). Colorful wearable antennas may also be realized for unobtrusive integration into logos or other aesthetic shapes. Further, the textile surfaces can be integrated with polymer-ceramic composites to realize flexible substrates and/or stretchable prototypes. Overall, this technology brings forward new possibilities for RF communications and medical monitoring applications, among others.
Teaching with humanitarian free/open source software

Many students find involvement in Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects engaging and motivating. Such projects give students the ability to contribute to and learn from real-world software projects. This workshop will introduce faculty to FOSS tools and culture. Through a virtual field trip into the world of HFOSS, attendees will learn how to find potential projects, identify characteristics of good projects for student participation, and learn how participate in FOSS communication channels. The use of version control to support project development will also be discussed. Along the way, you will learn how to support student learning in such projects. All topics will be covered at an introductory level. Laptop required.
STUDIES BASED ON A MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE RABBIT VI. VARIATIONS IN GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF TRANSPLANTED TUMORS. PART 1. RESUTLTS OF TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE FIRST TWENTY GENERATIONS.

A report is given of the results obtained by intratesticular inoculation of a malignant tumor of the rabbit based on a study of the first twenty generations. The subject is presented from the standpoint of variations in growth and malignancy as they occurred with continued transplantation. Essential features of the experimental conditions and of clinical and postmortem observations are condensed and recorded graphically. On analyzing the results of these experiments, it was found that many changes had occurred in the behavior of the tumor during transplantation, but that the changes were of a very irregular character and as a rule did not proceed constantly in any given direction. Moreover, the evidence as to the effect of transplantation on the growth and malignancy of the tumor was contradictory in that there was a great deal of evidence to show that there had been a decided increase in the activity and capacity for growth on the part of the tumor cells. But, with the exception of a few generations, there was an apparent reduction in the incidence and percentage distribution of secondary tumors, while the death rate was unaltered or actually diminished. It was believed that this paradoxical situation afforded a basis for an explanation of the results that had been obtained by transplantation.
Radial Meniscal Tears: Updates on Repair Techniques and Outcomes

Radial meniscus tears are oriented perpendicular to circumferential fibers leading to impairment of the meniscal ability to transmit circumferential hoop stresses during load bearing. Previously, radial tears were regarded as unrepairable and were managed with partial meniscectomy; however, with the concern of early osteoarthritis and evolving surgical techniques, meniscal preservation with repair of radial tears should be considered. Modern meniscal repair involves either inside-out or all-inside techniques which aim to improve patient outcomes and diminish long-term degenerative damage. The literature has demonstrated improved short-term clinical outcomes; however, long-term outcomes remain unknown. Future studies will require particular attention to defining and isolating radial tears from other tear patterns, with stratification of concomitant injuries and consistency in outcome reporting.
Neuroimaging Somatosensory Perception and Extinction (P01.001)

OBJECTIVE: To identify brain areas involved in conscious perception of somatosensory stimuli during a tactile extinction task. BACKGROUND: Corticothalamic regions have been implicated in the mechanisms of conscious perception and extinction, but the specific areas are uncertain. DESIGN/METHODS: Electrical pulse (5ms) trains (10Hz) included targets (7 pulses to the right index finger) and masks (8 pulses to the left index finger bracketing targets). Intensities of masks were held constant, but targets were adjusted trial-to-trial to compensate for threshold drift. The task was to detect target stimuli. Each run consisted of 68 trials with interstimulus intervals (ITIs) varying pseudorandomly from 4.5 to 6s (mean 5.2s). Approximately 10% of trials had sham targets. A red light cued stimulation onset and ended 2s after stimulation to cue response via foot-pedals (right: target detected; left: no target detected). Initial stimulation strengths were determined from training sessions. Mask strength was set at ∼2.2x detection threshold. Neuroimaging included: T1-weighted MPRAGE images (TR=3200ms, TE=354ms, 256×256 matrix, 160 slices, 1×1×1mm resolution), homogeneity field maps, and standard-resolution functional MRI (iPAT T2* EPI scan, 90-degree flip angle, TE= 35ms, TR=2000ms, 64×64 matrix, 192×192mm FOV, 36 ascending 3mm thick slices with 20% slice gap (effectively 3×3×3.6mm between voxel centers) with continuous fMRI acquisition (five ∼6-minute runs). RESULTS: 15 healthy dextral adult volunteers (mean age 22, range 18-28; 5M/10F) completed the study and performed the task well. Compared to undetected targets, areas activated with target detection included contralateral postcentral gyrus, insula/claustrum, and thalamus (centromedian, dorsolateral, and ventral-posterolateral nuclei). In contrast, areas more active for undetected targets included largely homogolous ipsilateral regions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that perception of lateralized somatosensory stimuli depends on a specific contralateral corticothalamic network (detailed above), and that failure of perception is associated with greater ipsilateral activation in homogolous regions. Supported by: Emory University. Disclosure: Dr. Meador has received research support from Pfizer and UCB Pharma. Dr. Revill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Epstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sathian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Loring has received research grant support from UCB, and Pfizer. Dr. Rorden has nothing to disclose.
Examining the paracrisis online: The effects of message source, response strategies and social vigilantism on public responses

Abstract A 2 × 2 experimental study (N = 168) examined the effects of the message source (CEO vs. individual real estate agent) and response strategies (deny vs. diminish strategies) on public perceptions of controversial online comments and emotional and behavioral responses. This study extends situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) by applying it to paracrisis situations as well as by testing a cognitive model in which breach of expectation by different actors leads to different degrees of judgment of responsibility and counterfactual thinking processes (i.e., the person could/would/should have done something else). A deny crisis response (e.g., scapegoating) was effective in reducing blame and negative affective responses and yielded less negative reputation assessment of the message source. The expectation breach led participants to engage in a counterfactual thinking process, which in turn evoked greater indignation and more negative reputation assessment. Indignation and negative reputation were both significant predictors of online word-of-mouth intention. Social vigilantism, individuals’ tendency to propagate their opinions onto others, mediated the relationship between indignation and online discussion intention.
Microhardness Testing and Hardness Numbers

In this paper, the Vickers and Knoop hardness test methods for the determination of microhardness are discussed and a simplified method for comparison of numerical hardness number values are presented. Microhardness testing enables the testing of thinner and harder materials than ever possible by macrohardness testing. Increased demands on the strength of miniature parts, and a growing interest in the initiation and growth of microcracks of materials, as well as required close quality control of protective surface coatings, have created a great need and interest for miniload hardness testing.
Parents' pain medication underdosing is associated with more emergency department visits in sickle cell disease.

Objective To determine the association between health literacy, medication knowledge, and pain treatment skills with emergency department (ED) use of parents of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods Parents of children 1- to 12-years-old with SCD were enrolled. Health literacy was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign. Parents completed a structured interview assessing knowledge of the dosage and frequency of home pain medications and an applied skills task requiring them to dose a prescribed pain medication. Underdosage was defined by too small a dose (dosage error) or too infrequent a dose (frequency error). The association between medication knowledge and applied skills with ED visits for pain over the past year was evaluated using Poisson regression adjusting for genotype. Results One hundred parent/child pairs were included; 50% of parents had low health literacy. Low health literacy was associated with more underdose frequency errors (38% vs. 19%, P = 0.02) on the skills task. On medication knowledge, underdose dosage errors (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.0) and underdose frequency errors (aIRR, 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.6) were associated with a higher rate of ED visits for pain. On the skills task, underdose dosage errors (aIRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2-.4) and underdose frequency errors were associated with more ED visits (aIRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). Conclusions For medication knowledge and skills tasks, children of parents who underdosed pain medication had a higher rate of ED visits for pain. Health literate strategies to improve parents' medication skills may improve pain treatment at home and decrease healthcare utilization.
Auditives Wissen im Moment der Ekstase

Das Klangerlebnis in der Religion kann durch auditive Vermittlung entstehen, und zwar im Moment der Ekstase. Die Stimme eines Gottes oder die Verkorperung eines Schamanen wird als ein Erlebnis jenseits des Alltags offenbart. In dem auditiven Grenzgebiet der religiosen Praxis wird das Auditive zum Wissen erhoben, um die Klanglandschaften des menschlichen Glaubens ontologisch zu realisieren.