cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using magnetic resonance imaging to study the velocity distribution of blood flow downstream of the aortic valve in normal human

Objective:Using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technique study the velocity distribution of blood flow in a certain transverse section downstream of the aortic valve in normal human.Method:Thirteen normal human, all with sinous rhythm, were enrolled in this study. MRI-scanning was performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Blood measurements were performed in the planes perpendicular to the ascending aorta half, one and two valve ring diameters downstream of the aortic annulus. The data acquired were analyzed qualitatively, and three-dimensional surface plots of velocity field of all subjects were displayed and analyzed qualitatively.Result:In all 13 subjects, there was significant signal loss in systole phase and the signal loss mainly distributed in lateral curve part of ascending aorta. The plane one valve ring diameters downstream of the aortic annulus was the ideal plane to study the velocity distribution. From systolic acceleration phase to early diastolic phase, the highest velocity skewed from back to right and to anterior, just like right hand helix. In systolic acceleration and peak phase, no regurgitation was seen in most subjects.Conclusion:Display and interpretation of blood velocity data obtained downstream of the aortic annulus in normal subjects is feasible using the MRI technique. With the characteristic of safe and non-invasive, MRI technique has significant potential for function evaluation of heart valves in vivo.
Pregnancy after oocyte donation to a woman with ovarian failure and classical galactosemia

In summary, oocyte and pre-embryo donation may be used to establish pregnancy in women with galactosemia and ovarian failure. Reported is the first pregnancy after pre-embryo donation to a woman with classical galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency. Despite disturbances in galactose metabolism, the endometrial lining responded normally to exogenous hormone replacement and was receptive to pre-embryo implantation. Pregnancy support was provided by exogenously administered oral E2 and IM P for the initial 100 days, at which time placental hormone production solely maintained the gestation.
Seeking the safety of sociofugal space: Environmental design preferences following social ostracism

Abstract Recent research indicates that individuals show diverse behavioral responses to social ostracism. The current studies evaluate how social motives following ostracism are reflected in preferences for physical environments that either facilitate (sociopetal) or inhibit (sociofugal) social interaction. Across three experiments, participants ostracized during a virtual interaction showed greater preference for sociofugal spaces when presented with room layouts. Importantly, participants' ratings of the space's social affordances predicted this effect, rather than participant's mood or impression of the space's novelty. Additionally, the effect was found to be particularly strong for individuals high in fear of negative evaluation. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that evaluations of physical settings are dependent on the fit between the social affordances of an environment and the immediate social motivations of the perceiver.
Terrorism: Psychological and Instrumental Approaches

Terrorism is an extraordinary and extreme form of political behaviour; its historical, political, economic, religious and social causes are far from clear, but it does seem apparent that a major influence is the individual psychology of those who perpetrate such acts. However, terrorism is extremely diffuse, making it questionable whether any single psychological theory of the phenomenon could be sufficiently comprehensive so as to include the vast variety. The basis of terrorism extends ideologically from revolution or national self-determination to defence of the status quo; structurally from centralised and hierarchical to a near anarchical model; methods and targeting vary from group to group and even within the same group over time. Moreover, the motivations for terrorism may be quite different across cultures, what drives an individual in Northern Ireland to join the IRA differs from that which drove someone in Germany to join the RAF, so is likely to vary just as significantly from someone in the Middle East joining Abu Nidal’s organisation or someone in Peru joining Sendero Luminoso. Crenshaw has argued that political and social context are as important in determining terrorist’s actions.1 While this context is vital, it is the psychological explanation for terrorist actions that this section will focus on, along with the implications of that for acts of mass-destructive terrorism.
Diffusion tensor imaging: techniques and clinical applications

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a fast evolving MRI technique that can be used to visualize the white-matter fiber tracts in vivo. Recent technological developments have resulted in a broad range of DTI clinical applications. This presentation briefly reviews the essential principles of DTI, discusses some recent technical developments, and describes several selected clinical applications.
Pairwise, cooperative and inhibitory interactions describe the assembly and probable structure of the T-cell antigen receptor.

Abstract The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multi-subunit complex consisting of clonotypic heterodimers (TCR-alpha beta or TCR-gamma delta) that are non-covalently linked to at least four invariant chains (CD3-delta, -epsilon, -gamma; and zeta or eta). The ordered process of assembly and the final number of individual chains that comprise the TCR is unclear. In this study, we examined the molecular basis of subunit interactions and the component requirements leading to the formation of a complete TCR. Analysis of transient cotransfections in monkey kidney fibroblasts (COS cells) showed assembly between selective chain pairs. Multiple chain cotransfections demonstrated the formation of stable higher order partial complexes. Assembly of such subcomplexes was facilitated by cooperative interactions between clonotypic and invariant CD3 chains. When zeta was cotransfected with any TCR component, no pairwise interaction was detected. Only when there was coexpression of all of the other TCR chains (TCR-alpha, -beta, CD3- epsilon, -gamma, -delta) did zeta assemble with the TCR complex. Not all chain pairs formed stable heterodimers. For one such pair, lack of assembly is due to the inhibitory effects of negatively charged residues within their transmembrane domains. The combined effects of these interactions probably determine the assembly and the quaternary structure of the TCR complex.
Avoiding Undertreatment with Phototherapy

Administration of inadequate doses of UV light is a common cause of undertreatment in phototherapy. The optimal dose of light for maximal efficacy lies near the individual’s minimal erythema dose (MED) or the lowest dose of light at which the skin turns erythematous or pink. It is important to remember that the every patient has his/her own unique dosimetry threshold and patients should be treated appropriately aggressively for optimal response to therapy. Furthermore, at least four to 6 weeks of phototherapy is commonly required to see the initial positive effects of phototherapy. Drastic improvement will likely take approximately 30 treatments or 10–12 weeks. It is important not to prematurely give up on phototherapy.
The role of context in psychosocial stress among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Piloting a semi-structured, videogame-based paradigm

ABSTRACTBackground Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by altered social patterns, often associated with increased stress. While puberty is associated with increased stress, there is limited research on stress response to social interaction in adolescents with ASD. The study investigated stress response to semi-structured, videogame-based interaction in adolescents with and without ASD, and the impact of puberty.Method Twelve adolescents with ASD and 12 typically developing (TD) peers participated in a semi-structured, videogame-based social interaction. Stress was measured via salivary cortisol.Results There were no significant between-group differences in cortisol. Pubertal development was correlated with cortisol in ASD (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), but not TD (r = 0.03, p = 0.94).Conclusions Findings contribute to a fuller picture of the developmental trajectories of physiological stress in ASD, including the importance of context, structure, and puberty. The current investigation underscores the...
Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Obese African American Hypertensive Patients Is Associated With Elevated Urinary Mitochondrial-DNA Copy Number

Background Glomerular hyperfiltration may contribute to the high incidence of renal disease in Obese African Americans essential hypertensive (ObAAEH) patients, but the precise mechanisms responsible for renal injury have not been elucidated. Mitochondria are important determinants of renal injury in hypertension, and increased levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the urine may indicate renal mitochondrial injury. We hypothesized that urine mtDNA copy numbers would be higher in ObAAEH compared to Caucasian essential hypertensive (CEH) patients. Methods We prospectively measured systemic, renal vein (RV), inferior vena cava (IVC), and urinary copy number of the mtDNA genes COX3 and ND1 by quantitative-PCR in CEH and ObAAEH patients during constant sodium intake and antihypertensive regimens, and compared them with healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 23 each). Results Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CEH and ObAAEH, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was higher and age lower in ObAAEH. Urinary (but not plasma) COX3 and ND1 were higher in CEH compared to HV, and further elevated in ObAAEH patients. COX3 and ND1 renal gradients (RV-IVC) were higher in ObAAEH vs. CEH, and their urinary levels directly correlated with GFR. In multivariate analysis, GFR remained the only predictor of elevated urinary COX3 and ND1 levels. Conclusions Urinary fragments of the mitochondrial genome are elevated in ObAAEH patients and correlate with glomerular hyperfiltration. A positive gradient across the kidney in ObAAEH suggests selective renal release. These results are consistent with mitochondrial injury that may aggravate renal damage and accelerate hypertension-related morbidity/mortality rates in ObAAEH.
Activity-Centered Domain Characterization for Problem-Driven Scientific Visualization

Although visualization design models exist in the literature in the form of higher-level methodological frameworks, these models do not present a clear methodological prescription for the domain characterization step. This work presents a framework and end-to-end model for requirements engineering in problem-driven visualization application design. The framework and model are based on the activity-centered design paradigm, which is an enhancement of human-centered design. The proposed activity-centered approach focuses on user tasks and activities, and allows an explicit link between the requirements engineering process with the abstraction stage—and its evaluation—of existing, higher-level visualization design models. In a departure from existing visualization design models, the resulting model: assigns value to a visualization based on user activities; ranks user tasks before the user data; partitions requirements in activity-related capabilities and nonfunctional characteristics and constraints; and explicitly incorporates the user workflows into the requirements process. A further merit of this model is its explicit integration of functional specifications, a concept this work adapts from the software engineering literature, into the visualization design nested model. A quantitative evaluation using two sets of interdisciplinary projects supports the merits of the activity-centered model. The result is a practical roadmap to the domain characterization step of visualization design for problem-driven data visualization. Following this domain characterization model can help remove a number of pitfalls that have been identified multiple times in the visualization design literature.
Abstract WMP43: Neurorestorative Therapy of Stroke in T2DM Mice With Exosomes Derived From Brain Endothelial Cells

MicroRNA-126 is primarily expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), and is emerging as a key player in the pathogenesis of type two diabetes (T2DM) induced vascular damage. Stroke in T2DM increases vas...
Simultaneous labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation in unilateral meniere's disease

Objective In a single-institution, FDA-approved IDE study, subjects with unilateral Meniere's disease and intractable vertigo underwent concurrent labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation to determine speech perception, localization, and quality of life outcomes. Methods Three subjects with unilateral Meniere's disease with normal or near-normal hearing in the contralateral ear underwent simultaneous labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation. Sound localization, speech perception in noise and quiet, tinnitus handicap index, and quality of life measures were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after implant activation. Results Sound localization testing demonstrated immediate benefit postimplantation with the cochlear implant (CI). RMS error with CI on was 22 degrees (±2) and with CI off was 63 (±15) at 6 months. Mean CI alone scores were 22% (±20) at 1 month and improved to 43% (±20) and 49% (±11) at the 3- and 6-month intervals, respectively. AzBio sentences in babble (0 dB SNR) scores presented in the most challenging listening condition (S0NContra) were 28% (±20) at 1 month, 38% (±18) at 3 months, and 45% (±24) at 6 months. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) significantly improved from an average preoperative score of 42 (±26) to 0 at 6 months. Quality of life measures improved overall over the postimplantation follow-up intervals. Conclusions Subjects with unilateral Meniere's Disease who underwent simultaneous labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation experienced improvements in sound localization, speech understanding, tinnitus severity, and quality of life with device use. There was a trend for better performance over the postoperative intervals. Level of evidence 2b.
“The family that prays together . . .”: Relational processes associated with regular family prayer.

In the present article we explored how family prayer reportedly influenced family relationships. We conceptualized family prayer as a family ritual in religious families and used a qualitative methodology to interview a religiously, ethnically, and geographically diverse sample of 198 families (N = 476). Analysis of data revealed 7 related themes. Family prayer served important functions and influenced relationships in various ways including (a) as a time of family togetherness and interaction; (b) as a space for social support; and (c) as a means for intergenerational transmission of religion. Further, family prayer (d) involved issues and concerns of individuals and the family; (e) helped reduce relational tensions; (f) provided feelings of connectedness, unity, and bonding. Finally, (g) families struggled to pray together when there was disunity. Implications, applications, and future directions are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Class Counts: Education, Inequality, and the Shrinking Middle Class

Chapter 1 Historical Thoughts of Equality and Inequality Chapter 2 1776 and Beyond: Elitist Versus Enlightened Thought Chapter 3 Patrician Influence and Social/Educational Thought Chapter 4 What Is Equality? Chapter 5 Education and Mobility and the American Dream Chapter 6 The Golden Years Are Over Chapter 7 World Inequality Chapter 8 Wishful Thinking: Recommendations and Solutions
Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence for Detection and Interpretation of Ultrasonic Test Signals

Detection of flaws is an important industrial concern. For example, aircraft and nuclear-power reactor owners and regulatory authorities need effective means of detecting flaws that could pose a threat to public safety. Operators of costly equipment require information on service-induced flaws to be able to make run-or-retire decisions. As the cost of parts and concerns for public safety increase, the importance of flaw detection and size estimation has likewise escalated.
The Proliferation of Gangs in the United States

To speak of the proliferation of gangs in the U.S. in the last two decades requires some care. First, each of the three veteran scholars most closely associated with recognizing and documenting this proliferation has at one time implied the need for theoretical caution. The range of evidence for the existence of gangs historically and internationally prompted Irving Spergel’s suggestion (1990:174) that “youth gangs may be an endemic feature of urban culture.” While Malcolm Klein (1995b) has pointed out that the recent history of gang problems can only be described as an “extended upswing,” he has also spoken of “gang cycles.“In answer to the question of the possibility of “a new wave of gang violence” in the early 1970s, Walter Miller (1982:7) characterized the U.S. gang problem as a series of waves, There was no new wave, but rather a continuation of an old wave-a wave that strikes with great fury at one part of the shore, recedes, strikes again at another, ebbs away, strikes once more...
The decision to recall: A behavioral investigation in the medical device industry

Abstract The decision to recall a product can significantly affect an operations manager's career, the credibility and financial performance of the firm, and the safety of customers. Despite the importance of this decision, there has been little behavioral research on what influences judgment in this task. Leveraging insights from interviews with regulators and professionals in the medical device industry, and supported by behavioral theory, we identify a set of factors that may influence the recall decision. We test the effect of these factors using a primary experiment with 167 managers from a Fortune 500 medical device firm and a replication study with 614 subjects from Amazon Mechanical Turk. We find that a physician's ability to detect a defect prior to product use decreases the likelihood to recall, while a manager's understanding of the root cause of the defect increases the likelihood to recall. In a second study with 372 Amazon Mechanical Turk subjects, we find that perceived patient customer harm and perceived cost of the recall both mediate the relationship between defect detectability and recall likelihood, but that harm is more influential than cost. Further, the perceived cost of the recall also mediates the relationship between root cause understanding and recall likelihood. By uncovering behavioral factors and their mechanisms in the recall decision, this study offers important insights to both industry and regulators.
Modulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin2 (NGAL, oncogene 24/p3), proinflammatory cytokines (PIC), cystatin C and lipid rafts disruption (LR) with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin (SV) in patients with JAK2V617F myeloprliferative neoplasms (MPN).

e18560Background: MPN is a manifestation of diseases with overproduction of myoerythroid cells, platelets, BCR/abl fusion genes with prevalence to polycythemia Vera (PCV), essential thrombocythemia...
Testing the paradigm of an ideal glass transition: Dynamics of an ultrastable polymeric glass

A major challenge to understanding glass-forming materials is obtaining equilibrium data far below the laboratory glass transition temperature Tg. The challenge arises because it takes geologic aging times to achieve the equilibrium glassy state when temperatures are well below Tg. Here, we finesse this problem through measurements on an ultrastable amorphous Teflon with fictive temperature Tf near to its Kauzmann temperature TK. In the window between Tf and Tg, the material has a lower molecular mobility than the equilibrium state because of its low specific volume and enthalpy. Our measurements show that the determined scaled relaxation times deviate strongly from the classical expectation of divergence of time scales at a finite temperature. The results challenge the view of an ideal glass transition at or near to TK.
Lower Limb Task-Based Functional Connectivity Is Altered in Stroke

The goal of this work was to examine task-dependent functional connectivity of the brain in people with stroke. The work was motivated by prior observations indicating that, during pedaling, cortical activation volume is lower in people with stroke than controls. During paretic foot tapping, activation volume tends to be higher in people with stroke than controls. This study asked whether these differences could be explained by altered network function of the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine local and global network function of the brain during tapping and pedaling in 15 stroke and 8 control participants. Independent component analysis was used to identify six task regions of interest (ROIs) in the primary sensorimotor cortex (M1S1), anterior lobe of cerebellum (AlCb), and secondary sensory cortex (S2) on the lesioned and non-lesioned sides of the brain (left, right for controls). Global connectivity was calculated as the correlation between mean time series for each ROI. Local connectivity was calculated as the mean correlation between voxels within each ROI. Local efficiency, weighted sum, and clustering coefficient were also calculated. Results suggested that local and global networks of the brain were altered in stroke, but not in the same direction. Detection of both global and local network changes was task-dependent. We found that global network function of the brain was reduced in stroke participants as compared with controls. This effect was detected during pedaling and nonparetic tapping, but not during paretic tapping. Local network function of the brain was elevated in stroke participants during paretic tapping and reduced during pedaling. No between-group differences in local connectivity were seen during nonparetic tapping. Connections involving S2, M1S1, and AlCb were significantly affected. Reduced global connectivity of the brain might contribute to reduced brain activation volume during pedaling poststroke.
Abstract P021: Cardiac Biomarkers, Electrolytes, and Anemia with Arrhythmias over Two Weeks in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death; however, it is unclear whether this association is due to cardiac overload, cardiac injury, elec...
Work Values in the United States: Age, Period, and Generational Differences:

This article examines how processes of aging, generational shifts, and changes over historical time periods shape differences in work values in the United States. Our analyses of data from the General Social Surveys and the International Social Survey Program show that changes over historical time periods are most consistently responsible for temporal differences in work values. In particular, during recent periods Americans tend to place greater importance on jobs that provide security, high income and opportunities for advancement; this is consistent with a narrative that these job rewards have become more difficult to attain recently and are thus more problematic for workers. Some differences in work values are also attributable to aging or life course processes, especially the greater importance placed on high income during the mid-life years when family responsibilities are generally greatest. By contrast, we find few differences in work values among members of different generations or cohorts. We also find that people from less advantaged social origins and those with greater labor market resources are more likely to value economic rewards.
An Evaluation of Successful Program Completions across Types of Problem-Solving Courts

Variations of problem-solving court programs have been created to address a wide variety of offense-related problems, such as drug addiction, mental health, domestic violence, homelessness, and man...
In Situ Micropillar Compression Tests of 304 Stainless Steels After Ion Irradiation and Helium Implantation

A study was conducted to better understand the roles of irradiation defects and cavities on the mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. Micropillars were fabricated using focused ion beam techniques, and pillars were heat treated at 300°C to serve as a control, irradiated in situ to 5 dpa with 1 MeV krypton ions at 300°C, or pre-implanted with a specific amount of helium and then irradiated. Micropillars were compression tested in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a picoindenter. The load–displacement curves were converted into stress–strain curves and mechanical properties were extracted. Irradiation hardening was observed with the yield stress being the highest in the pillar implanted with the least helium. TEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of irradiation-induced defects in krypton-irradiated samples and the presence of cavities.
Use of mathematic models to describe the microbial inactivation on baby carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide

Abstract This study investigated the behavior of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, and potential surrogate bacteria (nonpathogenic E. coli and attenuated Salmonella) subjected to gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Pathogenic and surrogate bacteria were separately inoculated on carrots (400 g) and treated with gaseous ClO2 at low (1 g) or high (6 g) ClO2 precursor inputs for 0, 15, 30, and 60 min in a 35 L enclosed chamber. Overall, significant log reductions (P
Personal echo chambers: Openness-to-experience is linked to higher levels of psychological interest diversity in large-scale behavioral data.

This research investigates the extent to which the personality trait of Openness-to-Experience can protect individuals from living in personal echo chambers that create and reinforce a narrow view on the world. Analyses of 2 large-scale data sets with over 80,000 participants and more than 40,000,000 behavioral observations demonstrate that individuals scoring high on Openness show higher variability in the psychological profiles associated with their personal interests-a novel concept termed psychological interest diversity. Study 1 examines the Facebook profiles of 57,185 users to demonstrate that a person's Openness level predicts the degree to which the pages they like are diverse in the political ideologies, personal values, and personality traits of their followers. Study 2 replicates the findings of Study 1 using over 28,000,000 GPS-tracked event attendances collected via people's smartphones. Specifically, the results show that individuals (N = 22,953) with higher levels of Openness also show higher levels of psychological interest diversity in the events they attend, and that this effect is incremental to county-level variation in psychological interest diversity. The findings empirically support the theoretical conceptualization of Openness as a preference for variety and exploration and corroborate the role of personal dispositions in the creation of personal echo chambers. The discussion highlights the need to further explore psychological interest diversity as the initial basis of algorithmic filter bubbles-for example, recommendation systems or targeted advertising-which further amplify and reinforce existing interests and preferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Asymmetrical tibial polyethylene geometry-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty does not fully restore in-vivo articular contact kinematics during strenuous activities

A new CR TKA design with concave medial and convex lateral tibial polyethylene bearing components was introduced recently to improve functional outcomes. This study aimed to investigate in-vivo articular contact kinematics in unilateral asymmetrical tibial polyethylene geometry CR TKA patients during strenuous knee flexion activities. Fifteen unilateral CR TKA patients (68.4 ± 5.8 years; 6 male/9 female) were evaluated for both knees during sit-to-stand, single-leg deep lunges and step-ups using validated combined computer tomography and dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Medial and lateral condylar contact positions were quantified during weight-bearing flexion activities. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to determine if there is a significant difference in articular contact kinematics during strenuous flexion activities between CR TKA and the non-operated knees. Contact excursions of the lateral condyle in CR TKAs were significantly more anteriorly located than the contralateral non-operated knee during sit-to-stand (3.7 ± 4.8 mm vs − 7.8 ± 4.3 mm) and step-ups (− 1.5 ± 3.2 mm vs − 6.3 ± 5.8 mm). Contact excursions of the lateral condyle in CR TKAs were significantly less laterally located than the contralateral non-operated knee during sit-to-stand (21.4 ± 2.8 mm vs 24.5 ± 4.7 mm) and single-leg deep lunges (22.6 ± 4.4 mm vs 26.2 ± 5.7 mm, p < 0.05). Lateral condyle posterior rollback was not fully restored in CR TKA patients during sit-to-stand (9.8 ± 6.7 mm vs 12.9 ± 8.3 mm) and step-ups (8.1 ± 4.8 mm vs 12.2 ± 6.4 mm). Lateral pivoting patterns were observed in 80%, 73% and 69% of patients during sit-to-stand, step-ups and single-leg deep lunges respectively. Although lateral femoral rollback and lateral pivoting patterns were observed during strenuous functional daily activities, asymmetric contact kinematics still persisted in unilateral CR TKA patients. This suggests the specific investigated contemporary asymmetrical tibial polyethylene geometry CR TKA design evaluated in this study does not fully replicate healthy knee contact kinematics during strenuous functional daily activities. III.
Revision Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Improves Secondary Pain Insult in an Upper Extremity Amputee: A Case Report:

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has been shown to improve phantom and neuropathic pain in both the acute and chronic amputee population. Through rerouting of major peripheral nerves into a newl...
Overview of the virtual 2021 FDA's Circulatory System Devices Advisory Panel on Lutonix 014 Drug-Coated Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Catheter for below-the-knee lesions in critical limb ischemia

Peripheral artery disease, along with subsequent critical limb ischemia (CLI), is highly prevalent, increases with age, and carries high morbidity and mortality. Specific devices for treatment of below-the-knee (BTK) lesions are limited. On February 17, 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration convened a virtual meeting of the Circulatory System Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee to consider a premarket approval application for the Lutonix 014 Drug-Coated Balloon Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Catheter (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey) for the treatment of obstructive de novo or non-stented restenotic lesions in BTK vessels (popliteal, tibial, and peroneal arteries) in patients with CLI. We summarize the presentations and the panel deliberations, including voting outcome and recommendations for risk versus benefit.
Mitigating Design Fixation Effects in Engineering Design Through Product Dissection Activities

Design fixation plays an important role in design idea generation, and has been found to be complex in its definition and implications. Identifying the factors that influence fixation is crucial in understanding how to improve design pedagogy and mitigate fixation effects. One way to potentially mitigate fixation is through product dissection activities as this activity has been shown to increase creativity and design exploration in engineering design. However, since product dissection has not been studied in terms of design fixation, it is unclear if, or how, this type of activity influences fixation. In addition, although prior work studied product dissection in a team environment, it did not study how individual factors such as personality attributes influence one’s involvement, or exposure to the dissection. This is an important factor to study in order to understand how team-based dissection activities influence design fixation because the participation of each team member can be affected by factors such as personality traits. Therefore, this study explores the interaction between product dissection, personality traits, and design fixation in an engineering design class setting. It was found that design fixation was indeed impacted by extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits when adjusting for semester standing and exposure to the dissection activity. These findings implicate personality in the product dissection activity, as well as suggest product dissection as a way to mitigate design fixation. By understanding these interactions, the overall design process can be enhanced, as well as our understanding of design cognition.
The Claremont Shakespeare Authorship Clinic: How Severe Are the Problems?

Ward Elliott (from 1987) and Robert Valenza (from 1989) set out to the find the ”true“ Shakespeare from among 37 anti-Stratfordian ”Claimants.“ As directors of the Claremont Shakespeare Authorship Clinic, Elliott and Valenza developed novel attributional tests, from which they concluded that most ”Claimants“ are ”not-Shakespeare.“ From 1990-4, Elliott and Valenza developed tests purporting further to reject much of the Shakespeare canon as ”not-Shakespeare“ (1996a). Foster (1996b) details extensive and persistent flaws in the Clinic's work: data were collected haphazardly; canonical and comparative text-samples were chronologically mismatched; procedural controls for genre, stanzaic structure, and date were lacking. Elliott and Valenza counter by estimating maximum erosion of the Clinic's findings to include ”five of our 54 tests“, which can ”amount, at most, to half of one percent“ (1998). This essay provides a brief history, showing why the Clinic foundered. Examining several of the Clinic's representative tests, I evaluate claims that Elliott and Valenza continue to make for their methodology. A final section addresses doubts about accuracy, validity and replicability that have dogged the Clinic's work from the outset.
Production of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide During Denitrification by Corynebacterium nephridii

Resting cells of Corynebacterium nephridii reduce nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide to nitrous oxide under anaerobic conditions. Nitrous oxide production from nitrite was optimal from pH 7.0 to 7.4. The stoichiometry of nitrous oxide production from nitrite was 99% of the theoretical-two moles of nitrite was used for each mole of nitrous oxide detected. Hydroxylamine increases gas evolution from nitrite but inhibits the reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide. Hydroxylamine is converted to nitrogenous gas(es) by resting cells only in the presence of nitrite. Under certain conditions nitric oxide, as well as nitrous oxide, was detected.
Putting Liquids Under Molecular-Scale Confinement

When a liquid is confined, for example, between two surfaces, its properties change as the confined region approaches molecular dimensions. Such confinement-induced changes play an important role in diverse areas from geology to biology. In their Perspective, [Israelachvili and Gourdon][1] highlight the report by [ Heuberger et al .][2], who have devised an extended surface forces apparatus (eSFA) that allows highly accurate measurements of the forces and densities of confined liquids. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5518/867 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/292/5518/905
Defaults on mortgage obligations and capital requirements for U.S. savings institutions

Abstract This paper analyzes credit risk for residential mortgages. Estimates of the hazard of mortgage default are presented, based upon a large sample of conventional loans issued in the late 1970s. Mean returns are estimated, together with variances and covariances for various loan-to-value (LTV) ratios and geographic groups. These results are then used to analyze capital requirements for institutions holding mortgages. We ask: For a given bankruptcy risk, how should capital requirements vary by LTV and geographical diversification? The empirical results indicate that both factors have powerful effects upon bankruptcy risk; thus capital requirements should vary substantially along these dimensions.
Posterior hysteromural implantation of the round ligaments

Abstract 1. 1. During the past century a surprisingly large number of abdominal operations for the correction of uterine displacements have been proposed, devised, and practiced. 2. 2. Since it is imperative that certain definite conditions be fulfilled by all surgical procedures for the relief of retroversion and prolapse, the majority of operations offered to the profession have fallen by the wayside, while only a comparatively few have survived. 3. 3. One of the most popular and successful of techniques, and one which has enjoyed fifty years of acceptance, is the Webster-Baldy operation. It embodies certain admirable physical principles, corrects the existing malposition, but unfortunately possesses a few very objectionable features. 4. 4. A modification of this procedure has therefore been evolved, by means of which its desirable aspects are retained, and its disadvantages simultaneously obviated.
The Effectiveness of Suicide Terrorism

Killing more than 21,000 and injuring 50,000 between the years of 1981 and 2008, suicide bombs have proven to be an effective tactic and seem to be a growing trend . Terrorism is designed to cause panic, chaos and, optimally, publicity for a cause. Suicide terrorism is effective not only because of its lethal outcome; it also sends the message that the cause is so dire that death is a better outcome than life for the bomber. The level of commitment is astounding and largely considered rational.
Evaluation of Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep and Iron Status in Children With Autism.

Abstract Objective Recent data suggest that both disordered sleep and low serum iron occur more frequently in children with autism compared with children with typical development. Iron deficiency has been linked to specific sleep disorders. The goal of the current study was to evaluate periodic limb movements in sleep and iron status in a group of children with autism compared with typically developing children and children with nonautism developmental delay to determine if iron status correlated with polysomnographic measures of latency and continuity and periodic limb movements in sleep. Methods A total of 102 children (68 with autism, 18 typically developing, 16 with developmental delay) aged 2 to 7 years underwent a one-night modified polysomnography study and phlebotomy at the National Institutes of Health to measure serum markers of iron status (ferritin, iron, transferrin, percent transferrin saturation). Results No serum iron marker was associated with periodic limb movements of sleep or any other sleep parameter; this did not differ among the diagnostic groups. No significant differences among groups were observed on serum iron markers or most polysomnogram parameters: periodic limb movements in sleep, periodic limb movements index, wake after sleep onset, or sleep efficiency. Children in the autism group had significantly less total sleep time. Serum ferritin was uniformly low across groups. Conclusions This study found no evidence that serum ferritin is associated with polysomnogram measures of latency or sleep continuity or that young children with autism are at increased risk for higher periodic limb movements index compared with typically developing and developmental delay peers.
Risk Reduction Modeling of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Titers in Nonpasteurized Liquid Egg Obtained from Infected but Undetected Chicken Flocks

Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry has traditionally involved the establishment of disease containment zones, where poultry products are only permitted to move from within a zone under permit. Nonpasteurized liquid egg (NPLE) is one such commodity for which movements may be permitted, considering inactivation of HPAI virus via pasteurization. Active surveillance testing at the flock level, using targeted matrix gene real-time reversed transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing (RRT-PCR) has been incorporated into HPAI emergency response plans as the primary on-farm diagnostic test procedure to detect HPAI in poultry and is considered to be a key risk mitigation measure. To inform decisions regarding the potential movement of NPLE to a pasteurization facility, average HPAI virus concentrations in NPLE produced from a HPAI virus infected, but undetected, commercial table-egg-layer flock were estimated for three HPAI virus strains using quantitative simulation models. Pasteurization under newly proposed international design standards (5 log10 reduction) is predicted to inactivate HPAI virus in NPLE to a very low concentration of less than 1 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 /mL, considering the predicted virus titers in NPLE from a table-egg flock under active surveillance. Dilution of HPAI virus from contaminated eggs in eggs from the same flock, and in a 40,000 lb tanker-truck load of NPLE containing eggs from disease-free flocks was also considered. Risk assessment can be useful in the evaluation of commodity-specific risk mitigation measures to facilitate safe trade in animal products from countries experiencing outbreaks of highly transmissible animal diseases.
Return time and vulnerability for a food chain model

Abstract Simulation studies have shown that the time it takes for a system of interacting species in a food chain to return to equilibrium after a disturbance increases as the number of trophic levels increase. It has been argued that this effect is important in limiting the length of food chains subject to perturbations of the real world. We show that for an asymptotically stable system a lower bound on the return time is directly proportional to the number of trophic levels in agreement with simulation studies. In addition, the lower bound on the return time is shown to be inversely proportional to the sum of products of the intraspecific competition coefficient and equilibrium population of the species. A new method for directly computing the vulnerability of a system to external perturbations is presented. Using this method we demonstrate that for a food chain where the number of species is equal to the number of trophic levels, the return time alone is not a proper measure of system vulnerability. Indeed, adding an additional trophic level may make the system less vulnerable to disturbances. Interspecific coupling between the trophic levels is shown to be an important factor in determining system vulnerability.
Sodium metasilicate-modified lightweight high alumina cements for use as geothermal well-cementing materials

Abstract In studying the use of sodium metasilicate (SMS)-modified high alumina cements containing mullite-shelled microspheres as light-weight geothermal cementitious materials, we found that the following were the most advantageous charateristics of the slurries and of the 200 and 300°C autoclaved cements: (1) the slurries have a low density of
Left ventricular assist device support and myocardial recovery in recent onset cardiomyopathy.

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support as bridge to recovery (BTR) is uncommon for subjects with chronic heart failure. Myocardial recovery is more evident in recent onset nonischemic cardiomyopathy (ROCM); however, the prevalence of BTR in this subset has not been addressed. Methods and Results: We examined the use of LVAD support for subjects with ROCM in the Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy 2 (IMAC2) study. The overall cohort (n 5 373) was 38% female, 21% black, with a mean age of 45 6 14 years. LVAD support was used in 3.8% (n 5 14, 43% female, age 32 6 10). Of LVAD subjects, 57% (8/14) were BTR, including 73% (8/11) of subjects with symptoms #4 months at the time of support. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was smaller in BTR than nonrecovered (NR) subjects (P 5 .04). Myocardial inflammation was more common in BTR (75% versus 0%, P 5 .005), whereas fibrosis was less evident (25% versus 100%, P 5 .005). Of BTR subjects, 7/8 (87.5%) were alive and free of transplant with median follow-up of 19 months. Conclusion: In a multicenter registry of ROCM, BTR was common and occurred in the majority of subjects requiring LVAD support. Histology and LVEDD may assist in predicting potential for BTR in ROCM. (J Cardiac Fail 2012;18:755e761)
Microfabrication of integrated atomic vapor cells

The integration of hollow anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) with vapor cells on silicon chips provides a compact platform for a number of optical applications, including the study of quantum coherence effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency and single-photon nonlinearities, as well as frequency stabilization standards. The use of hollow waveguides allows for light propagation in low index (vapor) media with compact mode areas. ARROWs make particularly attractive waveguides for this purpose because they can be interfaced with solid core waveguides, microfabricated on a planar substrate, and are effectively single mode. ARROW fabrication utilizes an acidremoved sacrificial core surrounded by alternating plasma deposited dielectric layers, which act as Fabry-Perot reflectors. A demonstration platform consisting of solid and hollow core waveguides integrated with rubidium vapor cells has been constructed. Rubidium was used because it is of particular interest for studying quantum coherence effects. Liquefied rubidium was transferred from a bulk supply into an on-chip vapor cell in an anaerobic atmosphere glovebox. Optical absorption measurements confirmed the presence of rubidium vapor within the hollow waveguide platform. Coherence dephasing in the small dimensions of the ARROW (quantum coherence effect) can be addressed by adding a buffer gas and passivation coatings to the ARROW walls.