cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sjögren's syndrome: Infections that may play a role in pathogenesis, mimic the disease, or complicate the patient's course

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to dryness of the eyes and mouth. Epidemiologic studies have indicated a role of both genetic and environmental factors in pathogenesis. It is likely that viral infection can create an inflammatory microenvironment that alters the disposition of apoptic fragments that serve as autoantigens. Thus, the search for a single viral agent that is causative is likely to prove difficult. Attention has focused on viruses that have tropism for the salivary and lacrimal glands, particularly members of the herpesvirus family. Other infectious agents too may mimic the clinical appearance of SS or complicate the disease. This article reviews the role of infections in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
Compatibility of Self-Actualization and Anxiety.

Dabrowski's (1972) theory of positive disintegration argues that anxiety appears to be the dynamic of self-actualization. A study to assess this hypothesis (Wilkins, Hjelle, & Thompson, 1977) reported that self-actualization was incompatible with chronic, debilitating or neurotic anxiety. The current study further examined the empirical and conceptual relation between anxiety and self-actualization. A measure of self-actualization (the POI) and two measures of anxiety were taken from Ss (N = 126). Thirty-three items from the POI were found to be measures of anxiety and were scored negatively for self-actualization. Removal of anxiety items and rescoring of the POI yielded self-actualization measures that were related positively to anxiety test scores. The results indicate that the POI theoretically is biased against anxiety, the conclusion of Wilkins et al. is not necessary, and Dabrowski's theory remains viable.
Sequential sampling plans for estimating density of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on citrus

The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a serious pest of grapes and other crop and ornamental plants mainly through its role as a vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells. Citrus harbors large populations of this insect throughout much of the year in areas where the pest is problematic and improved understanding of the population dynamics and management of H. vitripennis on citrus may be key to its management in the broader agricultural landscape. In turn, the study of population dynamics and the development of management strategies require effective and efficient sampling methods. Within-tree sampling distribution studies revealed that adults and nymphs were more abundant and less variable in the upper strata of citrus trees (>1.5 m). They occurred in greater numbers on the southern quadrants of trees but relative variability did not differ due to cardinal direction. We developed and validated several fixed-precision sequential sampling plans for estimating the density of nymphs and adults of H. vitripennis using a pole bucket sampling method. Based on validation from resampling of independent data sets, Green’s sequential sampling model, based on the Taylor’s power law, provided the best overall performance in terms of providing mean density estimates with levels of precision equal to or better than the desired precision over a range of possible insect densities. Average sampling costs varied from about 21 to 189 min for a desired precision of 0.25 depending on insect density and whether the goal is to sample nymphs, adults or both stages combined. Further, the sampling plans developed on orange trees were robust, being equally effective on orange and lemon trees and on trees treated or not with insecticides. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
RRT path planner with 3DOF local planner

We present a path planning algorithm for a polyhedral robot with six degrees of freedom (6DOF) and a static obstacle. The planner consists of a dual-tree RRT algorithm that uses a novel local planner. A local planner tests if two robot configurations can be connected by a simple path. Ours searches a 3DOF subspace of the robot/obstacle configuration space, whereas prior planners search the line segment that connects the two configurations. Empirical evidence suggests that the benefit of the 3DOF search outweighs the cost. Our planner outperforms prior planners on problems with narrow channels and performs comparably (shorter paths, similar running times) on other problems
Comparative proteomic analysis of the effect of temperature and fertilizer on gliadin and glutenin accumulation in the developing endosperm and flour from Triticum aestivum L. cv. Butte 86

Flour quality is largely determined by the gluten proteins, a complex mixture of proteins consisting of high molecular weight-glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular weight-glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), and α-, γ-, and ω-gliadins. Detailed proteomic analyses of the effects of fertilizer and high temperature on individual gliadin and glutenin protein levels are needed to determine how these environmental factors influence flour quality. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Butte 86) were grown in greenhouses under moderate and high temperature regimens with and without post-anthesis fertilizer. Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to construct accumulation profiles in developing endosperm for the entire complement of gluten proteins identified previously by tandem mass spectrometry. Amounts of individual gliadins and glutenins were also determined in flour produced under each of the regimens. Under all environmental regimens, most HMW-GS, LMW-GS, γ- and ω-gliadins accumulated rapidly during early stages of grain development and leveled off during middle stages of development. A subset of LMW-GS showed a second distinct profile, accumulating throughout development, while α-gliadins showed a variety of accumulation profiles. In flour, fourteen distinct gluten proteins responded similarly to fertilizer, high temperature, and high temperature plus fertilizer. The majority of HMW-GS and ω-gliadins and some α-gliadins increased while two LMW-GS and a minor γ-gliadin decreased. Fertilizer did not influence gluten protein accumulation under high temperature conditions. Additionally, the effects of fertilizer and high temperature were not additive; very few changes were observed when plants that received fertilizer were subjected to high temperature. Although post-anthesis temperature and fertilizer have very different effects on grain development and yield, the two treatments elicit surprisingly similar effects on the accumulation of gluten proteins. The similarity of the responses to the different treatments is likely due to source-sink activities of nitrogen reserves in the wheat plant. Because each protein that showed a response in this study is linked to a gene sequence, the work sets the stage for transgenic studies that will better elucidate the roles of specific proteins in flour quality and in the response to the environment.
A liquid helium target system for a measurement of parity violation in neutron spin rotation

Abstract A liquid helium target system was designed and built to perform a precision measurement of the parity-violating neutron spin rotation in helium due to the nucleon–nucleon weak interaction. The measurement employed a beam of low energy neutrons that passed through a crossed neutron polarizer–analyzer pair with the liquid helium target system located between them. Changes between the target states generated differences in the beam transmission through the polarizer–analyzer pair. The amount of parity-violating spin rotation was determined from the measured beam transmission asymmetries. The expected parity-violating spin rotation of order 10 - 6 rad placed severe constraints on the target design. In particular, isolation of the parity-odd component of the spin rotation from a much larger background rotation caused by magnetic fields required that a nonmagnetic cryostat and target system be supported inside the magnetic shielding, while allowing nonmagnetic motion of liquid helium between separated target chambers. This paper provides a detailed description of the design, function, and performance of the liquid helium target system.
Strain in the galago facial skull.

Little experimental work has been directed at understanding the distribution of stresses along the facial skull during routine masticatory behaviors. Such information is important for understanding the functional significance of the mammalian circumorbital region. In this study, bone strain was recorded along the dorsal interorbit, postorbital bar, and mandibular corpus in Otolemur garnettii and O. crassicaudatus (greater galagos) during molar chewing and biting. We determined principal-strain magnitudes and directions, compared peak shear-strain magnitudes between various regions of the face, and compared galago strain patterns with similar experimental data for anthropoids. This suite of analyses were used to test the facial torsion model (Greaves [1985] J Zool (Lond) 207:125-136; [1991] Zool J Linn Soc 101:121-129; [1995] Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p 99-115). A comparison of galago circumorbital and mandibular peak strains during powerful mastication indicates that circumorbital strains are very low in magnitude. This demonstrates that, as in anthropoids, the strepsirhine circumorbital region is highly overbuilt for countering routine masticatory loads. The fact that circumorbital peak-strain magnitudes are uniformly low in both primate suborders undermines any model that emphasizes the importance of masticatory stresses as a determinant of circumorbital form, function, and evolution. Preliminary data also suggest that the difference between mandibular and circumorbital strains is greater in larger-bodied primates. This pattern is interpreted to mean that sufficient cortical bone must exist in the circumorbital region to prevent structural failure due to nonmasticatory traumatic forces. During unilateral mastication, the direction of epsilon(1) at the galago dorsal interorbit indicates the presence of facial torsion combined with bending in the frontal plane. Postorbital bar principal-strain directions during mastication are oriented, on average, very close to 45 degrees relative to the skull's long axis, much as predicted by the facial torsion model. When chewing shifts from one side of the face to the other, there is a characteristic reversal or flip-flop in principal-strain directions for both the interorbit and postorbital bar. Although anthropoids also exhibit an interorbital reversal pattern, peak-strain directions for this clade are opposite those for galagos. The presence of such variation may be due to suborder differences in relative balancing-side jaw-muscle force recruitment. Most importantly, although the strain-direction data for the galago circumorbital region offer support for the occurrence of facial torsion, the low magnitude of these strains suggests that this loading pattern may not be an important determinant of circumorbital morphology.
Early Predictors of Behavior Problems Two Years after Early Intervention

Positive outcomes for children with developmental disabilities (DD) can be affected by children’s behavior problems. This study examined the family environment of 125 children with DD at age 3, and the extent to which that environment, as well as children’s cognitive and adaptive functioning, predicted the problematic behaviors that children with DD exhibited at age 5. The family environment included marital status, poverty status, stressful life events, and family climate, consisting of the extent of cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict in the family. Analyses indicated that children’s behavior problems at 5 were predicted by the numbers of stressful events experienced by their families when the children were 3 years old. Consistent with developmental systems models, family climate added significant unique variance in predicting both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The findings support the need for practices in early intervention programs that promote the positive climate of fami...
Dde-I Restriction Endonuclease Fragmentation: A Novel Method of Generating cDNA Probes for In Situ Hybridization in Brain

SUMMARY We present a novel procedure for detection of low- and high-abundance messenger RNAs in the brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry, by using fragmented double-stranded cDNA as molecular probes. The procedure involves digesting the cDNA of interest with the restriction endonuclease from Desulfocibrio desulfuricans (Dde I digestion), followed by random primed labeling, which generates a family of high specific activity cDNA fragments. This procedure is a rapid, straightforward, and reproducible method of obtaining sensitive probes for in situ hybridization and is generally applicable to the analysis of the expression of a large number of genes. Here we report the use of this procedure to prepare probes for the detection of synapsin I, p150Glued, neurotensin, c-fos, and c-jun mRNAs in brain, using both isotopic and non-isotopic labeling methods. Because this procedure does not require complex recombinant DNA manipulations or oligonucleotide design, it should prove useful to the non-molecular biologist examining the expression of genes in the central nervous system. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:755‐763, 1997)
Product and product-independent induction of butane oxidation in Pseudomonas butanovora.

Pseudomonas butanovora grows on butane by means of an inducible soluble alkane monooxygenase (sBMO). The induction of sBMO was studied using the wild type and a sBMO reporter strain. The reporter strain has the lacZ::kan cassette inserted into bmoX, the gene that encodes the α-subunit of the hydroxylase of sBMO. The β-galactosidase activity in the reporter strain was not induced by butane, but was induced by 1-butanol and butyraldehyde. P. butanovora expressed sBMO product-independent activity at 3.0 ± 1 nmol ethylene oxide min−1 mg protein−1 in stationary phase. The sBMO product-independent activity likely primes the expression of sBMO by butane.
Expanding the reach of biological psychiatry with biological psychiatry: Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

Over the past decade, the application of the tools and constructs of cognitive neuroscience to psychopathology research has evolved from a specialized niche area in the field to the dominant approach in clinical neuroscience. The development and widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanners and other tools, along with a suite of applications for structural, functional, and molecular image analysis, has transformed the field of psychiatric research. New approaches to electroencephalography analyses (complemented by less widely available but powerful magnetoencephalography methods) and intracranial recording in human subjects that link measures related to brain electrical activity to specific cognitive and emotional processes have led to a resurgence of research using these methods in basic and clinical cognitive neuroscience. The introduction of noninvasive brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation, has enabled us to test models of causality within functional brain circuitry, and the incorporation of these methods into neuroimaging and electrophysiology studies is offering new insights into normal and abnormal brain function and opening new avenues for intervention. Furthermore, numerous new methods for recording brain activity, stimulating neural activity, and combining these approaches in closed loop systems are under development in synch with the BRAIN (Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative in the United States. These new methods for probing the human brain in health and disease will allow us to leverage insights from basic molecular and cellular systems and computational neuroscience to advance the field toward a mechanistic understanding of psychopathology and a mechanism-informed approach to treatment development. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging provides the bridge between the basic knowledge that we derive from research in animal model systems and symptoms and behavior in mental health research. Biological Psychiatry, a rapid-publication, high-impact journal of translational neuroscience, has long been a preferred destination for authors seeking to disseminate their work widely in the field. Over the past several years, Biological Psychiatry has expanded its reach and impact in the field of behavioral and imaging studies and sought to raise the bar, setting high standards (which continue to evolve) for the design, analysis, and interpretation of these studies. With the
Contemporary Chinese Parents’ Socialization Priorities for Preschoolers: A Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACTThis mixed methods study focused on the socialization goals for preschool-aged children among parents from three small-sized cities located in northeastern China. A total of 154 parents with preschool-aged children completed questionnaires measuring parental socialization goals for children's social-emotional competence and academic achievement. Quantitative results showed that parents generally placed more importance on children's social-emotional skills than academic skills. Ten mothers were selected from the sample and participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview to help understand reasons for parents’ prioritization of social-emotional well-being over academic performance. Four themes emerged, including parents’ concerns about children's psychological well-being under excessive academic pressure, their desires to ‘protect’ children's childhood, their awareness of children's individual differences in intelligence and talent in learning, and their belief that good grades did not guara...
Analysis of Observational Studies from the Point of View of Nonparametric Regression

Pair-matching is used in two-group observational studies to remove bias due to imbalance in covariate distribution between groups. In this paper, the traditional pair-matching technique is modified by comparing the responses in one group with the nonparametric regression estimates of the responses in the other group at the same covariate values. Properties of such estimates are derived, taking into consideration the possibility of treatment- covariate interaction.
Detection of dual TEL-ABL transcripts and a Tel-Abl protein containing phosphotyrosine in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient.

Detection of dual TEL-ABL transcripts and a Tel-Abl protein containing phosphotyrosine in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient
Relationship of Maternal Psychological Distress Classes to Later Mother–Infant Interaction, Home Environment, and Infant Development in Preterm Infants

Latent class analyses can be used early in the postpartum period to identify mothers of preterm infants experiencing similar patterns of psychological distress symptoms, but whether these classes of mothers also differ in parental responses to their infants or in their infants' development is largely unknown. In this longitudinal multisite-repeated measures study, we evaluated the usefulness of three psychological distress classes (low distress, high depressive and anxiety symptoms, and extreme distress) in predicting mother-infant interactions, quality of home environment, and infant development in 229 mother-preterm infant pairs. Mothers completed psychological distress questionnaires at study entry; parent-infant interaction was recorded at 2 and 6 months of age corrected for prematurity; and infant developmental data were collected 12 months corrected age. Mothers in the extreme distress class engaged in more developmental stimulation at 2 months (β = .99, p < 0.01) and at 6 months (β = 1.38, p < .01) than mothers in the other classes and had better quality of home environment at 2 months (β = 2.52, p = .03). When not controlling for neurological insult, infants of mothers in the extreme distress class had poorer cognitive (β = -10.28, p = .01) and motor (β = -15.12, p < .01) development scores at 12 months corrected age than infants of mothers in the other distress classes, but after controlling for infant neurological insult, there were no differences in cognitive, motor, and language development based on maternal psychological distress class. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality circles as a management tool for hospital pharmacy

A pharmacy department's experience with a quality circle program is described. The quality circle is a type of participative management where a group of employees within a department voluntarily meets on a regular basis to identify and research departmental problems and formulate alternative solutions for management. The pharmacy department formed one of the first five circles at the hospital. Each circle meets for one hour weekly on hospital time. The pharmacy quality circle includes three staff pharmacists, two support staff, and a pharmacy supervisor who serves as the leader. Through brainstorming sessions, the circle has identified problems within the department. The circle collects data to help define the problems, and specific solutions are presented to management. Among the solutions recommended have been: assigning a clerk as a receptionist at the pharmacy front window so that the pharmacist would not be interrupted; widening the front window to accommodate separate lines for inpatient and outpatient prescriptions; and instituting a double-ticket procedure to help retrieve employee prescriptions. Management accepted and instituted all of the circle's proposals. The quality circle has been a successful management tool in this pharmacy department.
Thyroid Function in Juvenile Diabetes

This article reviews our current knowledge on the effects of diabetes mellitus on thyroid function at the level of the pituitary-thyroid-peripheral tissue axis and attempts to determine its clinical importance.
Metabolic and ionic changes in muscle during hemorrhagic shock.

We have employed concurrent noninvasive 31P and 23Na NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with the paramagnetic shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid to observe the intracellular sodium and phosphorus signals in rat leg muscle. Male Wistar rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm Hg and were maintained at that pressure. Until decompensatory shock was reached, no increase in intracellular sodium (Nai) was found. Although the high energy storage metabolite phosphocreatine fell with time during shock, ATP did not decrease until decompensation. When the phosphorylation ratio, PR = [ATP]/[ADP][Pi], fell below log(PR) = 3.21 +/- .42, Nai increase commenced at a rate of 7.97 +/- 0.60 meq/l/hr. This corresponds to a two-fold increase in Na permeability compared to normal muscle. A calculation of the free energy available from hydrolysis of ATP at the above value of PR yields -11.7 kcal/mol which is essentially equal to the value of 11.8 kcal/mol which we calculate is needed to run the Na+-K+ antiport through one cycle under normal physiologic conditions.
A Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone of Zika Virus from the 2015 Epidemic in Brazil as a Genetic Platform for Studies of Virus-Host Interactions and Vaccine Development

ABSTRACT An arthropod-borne virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), has recently emerged as a major human pathogen. Associated with complications during perinatal development and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults, ZIKV raises new challenges for understanding the molecular determinants of flavivirus pathogenesis. This underscores the necessity for the development of a reverse genetic system based on an epidemic ZIKV strain. Here, we describe the generation and characterization in cell cultures of an infectious cDNA clone of ZIKV isolated from the 2015 epidemic in Brazil. The cDNA-derived ZIKV replicated efficiently in a variety of cell lines, including those of both neuronal and placental origin. We observed that the growth of cDNA-derived virus was attenuated compared to the growth of the parental isolate in most cell lines, which correlates with substantial differences in sequence heterogeneity between these viruses that were determined by deep-sequencing analysis. Our findings support the role of genetic diversity in maintaining the replicative fitness of viral populations under changing conditions. Moreover, these results indicate that caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of reverse-genetics experiments in attempts to accurately predict the biology of natural viruses. Finally, a Vero cell-adapted cDNA clone of ZIKV was generated that can be used as a convenient platform for studies aimed at the development of ZIKV vaccines and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE The availability of genetic tools and laboratory models determines the progress in understanding mechanisms of virus emergence and pathogenesis. Recent large-scale outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) that were linked to complications during perinatal development and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults emphasize the urgency for the development of a reverse-genetics system based on an epidemic ZIKV strain. Here, we report a stable infectious cDNA clone for ZIKV isolated during the 2015 epidemic in Brazil, as well as a Vero cell-adapted version of it, which will be used for virus-host interaction studies and vaccine development.
Synthesis of Pyridazine-Based α-Helix Mimetics

A versatile synthesis of pyridazine-based small molecule α-helix mimetics (A) is presented. Modular C–C, C–N, and C–O bond-forming reactions allow for the inclusion of a variety of aliphatic, basic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic side chain moieties. This robust synthesis is suitable for the preparation of small pyridazine-based libraries.
Security and privacy challenges in IoT-based machine-to-machine collaborative scenarios

Security is important in IoT as any other computing systems. However, standard solutions are necessary but not sufficient due to the added dimensions of their presence in physical space and the possibility for them to interact. This talk presents a new set of challenges on security in IoT systems that compose synergistically. We illustrate the problems and approaches using collaborative indoor localization on resource-constrained nodes as a representative example.
MICRORNA-133 MEDIATED ANGIOGENESIS IS SUPPRESSED IN HYPEROXIA-INDUCED BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional gene regulators involved in a wide range of biological processes including angiogenesis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as “arrested lung development”, is characterized by decreased lung vascularization and simplified
Islamic Finance: An Alternative in the Global Financial Market?

Islamic finance has been one of the fastest growing segments in the financial services industry. Fueled by increasing income streams in oil rich countries, a rise in Islamic faithfulness, and a growing middle class in Muslim countries, this segment of the financial services market is expected to continue to grow at record breaking levels. Based on sharia, or Islamic law, Islamic finance prohibits certain types of investments and the paying of interest. With the requirement that risk be shared among parties to a financial transaction, some have proposed that Islamic finance is a safer alternative than traditional Western finance and protects markets from economic failure.
Age and growth assessment of western North Atlantic spiny butterfly ray Gymnura altavela (L. 1758) using computed tomography of vertebral centra

Life history strategies of batoid fishes have evolved within dynamic marine ecosystems. Adaptations in reproductive and developmental biology are paramount to the survival of species, and therefore knowledge of growth rates to maturity is fundamental for identifying constraints on the conservation of populations. The butterfly rays (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae) are highly derived batoids with generally low reproductive potentials for which age and growth information remains unknown. In this study we applied high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) to vertebral centra from a stingray for the first time to estimate age, and used a multimodel approach to investigate growth of spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela. Estimated ages of the oldest male and female were 11 and 18 yrs. at disk widths (WD) 1355 mm and 2150 mm, respectively. Disk width-at-age data were analyzed using three growth models (von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz), and the most parsimonious and empirically supported model was the logistic function with sex treated as a fixed effect on asymptotic disk width (WD ∞ ) and k parameters. Model parameter estimates were (males) WD ∞ = 1285.46 ± 67.27 mm, k = 0.60 ± 0.10, and (females) WD ∞ = 2173.51 ± 129.78 mm, k = 0.27 ± 0.04. Results indicated sexually dimorphic growth patterns, with males growing faster and reaching asymptotic size at earlier ages than females. These age and growth results are the first reported for the genus, and suggest that G. altavela grows at a similar rate as some teleosts and batoids, and relatively fast among chondrichthyans.
Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

We examined antennal ultrastructure in species of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae (Pieridae) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined two species of Pseudopontia (Pseudopontiinae) and more than 30 species in seven genera of two tribes in the subfamily Dismorphiinae: Leptidea, Enantia, Pseudopieris, Lieinix, Moschoneura, Dismorphia, and Patia. We focused on the scaleless terminal area of the antenna where there are many types of sensilla, some of which are clustered together and constitute specialized organs. We measured, described, and illustrate at different magnifications structures including the antennal club, antennomeres, sulci, pseudosulci, and chaetic, trichoid, coeloconic, basiconic, and auriculate sensilla, as well as other previously unnamed sensilla. From these antennal features, we created a matrix of characters that allowed us to recognize divergence between the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini. The antennae of Leptideini have fewer scaleless antennomeres in the antennal club than those of Dismorphiini, a greater number of pseudosulci disaggregated or dispersed (in Leptidea), and fewer types of sensilla and microtrichia (a more homogeneous antennal morphology), as well as a reduction in the density of sensilla. In Leptidea the antennal form is more specialized: it is shorter in comparison to genera of other Papilionoidea families. We also created a matrix of general morphological characters of Dismorphiinae and Pieridae from the taxonomic literature. This matrix confirms the marked character divergence between the tribes and allows for a more meaningful discussion regarding the relationships between Dismorphiinae and the other subfamilies of Pieridae (i.e., Pseudopontiinae, Coliadinae, and Pierinae). We argue that Pseudopontiinae cannot be considered the least derived subfamily among Pieridae because pupal features, wing venation, and antennal characters exhibit a combination of primitive and specialized states. In addition, we discuss our results from the perspective of patterns of food plant usage in pierid subfamilies, specifically the diversification of several Dismorphiinae genera on Hologalegina and Ingeae (Fabaceae).
Label-free DNA identification using light scattering from microbeads and dielectrophoresis spectroscopy

We developed a label-free biosensor based on light scattering from polystyrene beads and dielectrophoresis spectroscopy that can identify single stranded DNA. We have demonstrated this method using DNA strands with 16, 17, and 26 base pairs of nucleotides.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Magnetically Active 19F Molecular Beacon.

Gene expression is used extensively to describe cellular characteristics and behaviors; however, most methods of assessing gene expression are unsuitable for living samples, requiring destructive processes such as fixation or lysis. Recently, molecular beacons have become a viable tool for live-cell imaging of mRNA molecules in situ. Historically, beacon-mediated imaging has been limited to fluorescence-based approaches. We propose the design and synthesis of a novel molecular beacon for magnetic resonance detection of any desired target nucleotide sequence. The biologically compatible synthesis incorporates commonly used bioconjugation reactions in aqueous conditions and is accessible for laboratories without extensive synthesis capabilities. The resulting beacon uses fluorine (19F) as a reporter, which is broadened, or turned “off”, via paramagnetic relaxation enhancement from a stabilized nitroxide radical spin label when the beacon is not bound to its nucleic acid target. Therefore, the 19F NMR signal...
Pulmonary tumors in experimental animals.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews an investigation concerning primary pulmonary neoplasms in animals. The terms of reference exclude metastatic neoplasms of the lung and more generalized neoplasms with incidental localization in the lung, such as lymphosarcoma or hemangioendothelioma. Most of the experimental work has been performed with the adenomatous pulmonary tumor of the mouse, and most of the observations and the conclusions perforce must be limited to mice. The chapter discusses that recent reports on the induction of pulmonary tumors in rats and in guinea pigs allow the extension of investigations to other species. Reports on pulmonary tumors in larger animals are limited to descriptions of individual cases and a few, mostly unsuccessful, attempts to induce the tumors. Cancer research, as all biological research, is dependent upon the availability of proper materials and techniques for its work. The chief material has been the mouse, and the chief techniques have been the transplantation and the induction of neoplasms. On this basis, a large portion of the history of cancer research can be divided into three main periods: 1890-1918, morphology-transplantation era; 1918-1935, genetics-tar tumor era; and the modern period since 1935.
Epigenomic Control of Cardiac Fibrosis by Bet Bromodomain Proteins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Pathologic gene expression is a hallmark of DCM. Mice carrying a human DCM mutation in phospholamban (PLNR9C) develop fibrosis, DCM, HF and premature death. RNAseq showed fibrotic gene expression to be a key early driver of DCM in PLNR9C mice. Recently, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) epigenetic reader proteins have been identified as key regulators of pathologic gene expression in the heart. Using a chemical genetic strategy, we studied the role of BET proteins on the temporal regulation of gene expression in DCM. PLNR9C and age-matched wild type (WT) mice were treated longitudinally with the BET inhibitor JQ1 or vehicle. Vehicle-treated PLNR9C mice developed progressive DCM with reduced LV function, chamber dilation and LV hypertrophy; this was blunted with JQ1 (fractional shortening 15±3% vs. 27±3%, p
Assessing Psychic Damage: Pain and Suffering

Psychological distress is a common feature in life ordeals, especially during the formidable, and at times fragile, years of youth. In this chapter, we will explore the mental health damage inflicted by an authority figure taking advantage of a youth and engaging in a sexual relationship. Where this damaging situation recruits the forensic mental health professional is in the effect of the assault, that is, the type, degree, and extent of psychiatric illness, as well as pain and suffering caused by the perpetrator. Moreover, we are asked approach the possible “intent” to cause harm and the psychic damage forced on the individual. You will notice in the narrative of the case that we have included a number of references to the internal struggles [psychodynamic features] accompanying a more wide-ranging perspective of the impact on everyday psychic functioning. In the vignette that follows, you will also become aware that I have not included the opposing expert’s opinion following my presentation of the case. This happens to be one of the times in which I did not receive an opposing expert’s report. Often the cases settle early on out of court or are dismissed upon judge’s reading of the case [summary judgment] and do not proceed past my involvement in the case. Again, this becomes one of the crucial differences between seeing a patient in the clinical setting and being hired by an attorney to weigh in on a medicolegal matter using our mental health expertise to qualify what is a diseased state of mind and what produces such, as well as quantify the severity and limitations it creates.
Differential Changes in Tea Quality as Influenced by Insect Herbivory

Tea quality depends on plant metabolites that impact flavor, aroma, and health-beneficial properties. Plants respond to insect herbivory by altering the concentration and blend of these metabolites, and many secondary metabolites are produced only after insect attack. Research in tea and other plants shows that insect herbivores affect the concentrations of metabolites important to tea quality such as volatiles, polyphenols, methylxanthines, and amino acids. Plants, including tea, respond differently to different insect herbivores by producing different blends of metabolites. Tea plant metabolites also vary in their responses to increasing herbivore density which results in a change in metabolite blends as herbivore density changes. Because climate change is predicted to impact the density and species composition of insect herbivores in tea-growing regions of the world, induction of metabolic changes by insect herbivores represents a potentially important indirect effect of climate change on tea quality. Although it is often assumed that insect attack is detrimental to tea quality, there are some cases where tea quality is improved by herbivore-induced changes in tea metabolites. It is therefore possible that allowing some insect herbivory could be an important strategy for mitigating detrimental effects of climate on tea quality.
Boundary Dam or Petra Nova – Which is a better model for CCS energy supply?

Abstract SaskPower’s Boundary Dam plant (Canada) and NRG’s Petra Nova plant (USA) are the only two commercial-scale coal-fired power plants currently operational in the world that use carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. While both CCS installations are retrofit projects that employ a post-combustion CO2 capture system using advanced amines, the two plants differ significantly in their approach to providing the steam and electrical energy requirements of the capture system. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic evaluation of pulverized coal (PC) power plants equipped with the different CCS system configurations used in these two demonstration plants, as well as two additional design configurations that may be of interest. The results presented in this paper illustrate the conditions which favor one approach over the other, and thus provide insights for planning new large-scale CCS projects.
Injury rate and pattern among Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners: A survey study.

Abstract Objective To determine the 6-month incidence rate and pattern of Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ)-related injuries and characterize associations between injuries and experience level, demographic factors, and training variables. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online survey. Participants 1287 adult BJJ practitioners. Outcome measures 6-month BJJ-related injury incidence, anatomical pattern of injuries, and injury-associated demographic and training variable identification. Results 59.2% of practitioners reported at least one injury over 6 months. The knee was the most common site. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated 6-month injury incidence was negatively associated with years of training and body weight, and positively associated with training days per week and instructor status. More experienced athletes were more likely to report low back injury, while less experienced athletes more frequently reported head, upper extremity, and elbow injuries. None of the following variables were predictive of injury risk: gi preference, instruction on break-falling, and participation in a structured beginner's program. Conclusions The risk factor analysis is applicable to BJJ instructors interested in reducing student injury risk. The widespread pattern of injuries and the distinction between types of injuries sustained at different levels of experience are notable findings that sports medicine practitioners should keep in mind when working with BJJ athletes.
Towards appropriate polypharmacy in older cardiovascular patients: How many medications do I have to take?

Background Polypharmacy in older adults leads to increased risks of side effects and drug-drug interactions, affecting their health outcomes and quality of life. Deprescribing, the act of simplifying medication regimens, is challenging due to the lack of consensus guidelines. Hypothesis To offer some guidance on managing medication regimens for older cardiovascular patients. Methods We reviewed the most recent pertinent guidelines and literature. Results This review provides practical considerations for appropriate prescribing in the older population with cardiovascular disease in order to strike a balance between unnecessary or harmful medications and therapies with proven long-term benefits. Conclusion On-going dialogue between healthcare providers and patients allows close monitoring of medication effectiveness and prevention of side effects. Medication regimens require individualization, as patients' goals of care change with advancing age.
A Qualitative Assessment of the Living Donor Navigator Program to Identify Core Competencies and Promising Practices for Implementation.

Introduction:The best strategy to increase awareness of and access to living kidney donation remains unknown. To build upon the existing strategies, we developed the Living Donor Navigator program,...
HPV Vaccination Hesitancy Among Latina Immigrant Mothers Despite Physician Recommendation.

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake continues to be low in the United States. While a recommenda­tion from a health care provider (HCP) has been shown to be associated with vaccine acceptability among parents, little is known about factors associated with hesitancy despite HCP recommendation. We exam­ined factors associated with HPV vaccine hesitancy, despite a physician recommenda­tion, among Latina immigrant mothers of daughters aged 9-12 years. Methods: As part of a group randomized trial to promote HPV vaccination between 2013 and 2016, we conducted a baseline interviewer-administered survey of mothers to assess sociodemographics, knowledge and perceived risk of cervical cancer/HPV infection, self-efficacy, and intention to vaccinate their unvaccinated daughters. Hesitancy was defined as “don’t know/not sure” (DK/NS) in response to the question: “If your daughter’s doctor recommended that she gets the HPV vaccine, would you let her get it?” Results: Of the 317 participants, 35.3% indicated hesitancy to vaccinate their daughters if their physician recommended it. Although a number of variables were as­sociated with HPV vaccine hesitancy in the univariate model, five remained significant in the final multivariable model: daughter’s health insurance status; HPV awareness; perceived risk of HPV infection for their daughters; perceived self-risk of cervical cancer; and a self-efficacy score of ability to complete the HPV vaccination series. Conclusions: A recommendation by a health care provider may be not enough to motivate Latina immigrant mothers to vaccinate their daughters. Further efforts should focus on increasing awareness re­garding HPV and cervical cancer, heighten­ing perceived risk of HPV infection among daughters and boosting self-efficacy to get their children vaccinated against HPV. Ethn Dis. 2020; 30(4):661-670; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.661
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Views: A Triple Crossover Trial of Visual Abstracts to Examine Their Impact on Research Dissemination

Background: A visual abstract is a graphic summary of a research article’s question, methods, and major findings. Although they have a number of uses, visual abstracts are chiefly used to promote research articles on social media. Objective: This study aimed to determine if the use of visual abstracts increases the visibility of nephrology research shared on Twitter. Methods: A prospective case-control crossover study was conducted using 40 research articles published in the American Journal of Nephrology (AJN). Each article was shared by the AJN Twitter account in 3 formats: (1) the article citation, (2) the citation with a key figure from the article, and (3) the citation with a visual abstract. Tweets were spaced 2 weeks apart to allow washout of the previous tweet, and the order of the tweets was randomized. Dissemination was measured via retweets, views, number of link clicks, and Altmetric scores. Results: Tweets that contained a visual abstract had more than twice as many views as citation-only tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 639, SD 343) and nearly twice as many views as key figure tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 732, SD 464). Visual abstract tweets had 5 times the engagements of citation-only tweets and more than 3.5 times the engagements of key figure tweets. Visual abstract tweets were also associated with greater increases in Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets (2.20 vs 1.05). Conclusions: The use of visual abstracts increased visibility of research articles on Twitter, resulting in a greater number of views, engagements, and retweets. Visual abstracts were also associated with increased Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets. These findings support the broader use of visual abstracts in the scientific community. Journals should consider visual abstracts as valuable tools for research dissemination.
Against the Professorial Odds: Barriers as Building Blocks for Educational Advancement:

This article describes three female professors’ experiences to attain degrees (bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate) as first-generation college students (FGCS) and become academics. Their individua...
A model investigation of the longitudinal broadening of the transverse momentum two-particle correlator

The multiphase transport model is used to investigate the longitudinal broadening of the transverse momentum two-particle correlator ${C}_{2}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\eta},\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\varphi})$, and its utility to extract the specific shear viscosity, $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$, of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The results from these model studies indicate that the longitudinal broadening of ${C}_{2}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\eta},\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\varphi})$ is sensitive to the value of $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$. However, reliable extraction of the longitudinal broadening of the correlator requires the suppression of possible self-correlations associated with the definition of the collision centrality.