cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Events and objects in space and time

The expression 'material object' is, to a degree, a philosopher's term of art. Nevertheless, its arcaneness is slight. Although it may be anomalous to refer to a grain of sand or speck of dust as 'a material object', it is clear enough why philosophers use this term. Their concern is with three-dimensional occupants of space that endure, for a time. They may occupy only a small part of space, as does a grain of sand, but their occupancy is both unique and exclusive. One and the same object cannot be at two places at the same time (although, of course, its parts will be at different places at the same time) and no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time (although, of course, one object may be contained within another). The time during which a material object exists may be short or long. But however short the 'life' of an object, e.g. a soapbubble blown by a child, it cannot be instantaneous. Material objects, as the name betokens, consist of matter of one kind or another. They typically have a size, shape, texture and possess a degree of solidity. Their texture and solidity are derived from the nature and arrangement of their constitutive matter. Of course, there are relatively amorphous material objects, such as clouds, pools of water or puffs of smoke. Partly because of their amorphousness, partly because of their mere relative solidity (i.e. insertion of another material object merely displaces part of the cloud or a quantity of the water of the pool, but does not 'damage' it), such objects are indeed on the borderline of material objecthood. On the other hand, shadows, rainbows, patches of light, are clearly beyond that imprecise borderline. They do not consist of matter; although a rainbow may fill the sky, it does not occupy space; although a shadow may cover the path, it does not get in anyone's way. Since the paradigm of a material object is a three-dimensional spatial object, material objects commonly have parts which are
Current State of Highway Safety Education: Safety Course Offerings in Engineering and Public Health

There is a need to investigate educational offerings in highway safety available through engineering, public health, and injury prevention programs at universities in the United States. A series of surveys was distributed to universities and transportation engineering research centers throughout the United States from March 2004 to March 2005, requesting information about safety course availability and content (e.g., course outline, syllabus, references, and notes). Of 117 engineering programs contacted, 29 safety courses were identified at 25 universities; of 34 public health programs, only seven indicated traffic safety content. A detailed assessment of course content and syllabi revealed that many use reference materials drawn from other areas of transportation (e.g., design and operations); few use educational references reflecting contemporary scientific analyses of safety. Existing course content was compared with safety core competencies developed by a Transportation Research Board Subcommittee to ...
Barriers to meeting the needs of students with traumatic brain injury

Many students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are identified by the medical community each year and many more experience head injuries that are not examined by medical personnel. School psychologists and allied consultants have important liaison roles to identify and assist these students post-injury. In this study, 75 school psychologists (the profession in the United States analogous to educational psychologists in the UK) were surveyed about their experiences meeting the needs of students after brain injury and asked to characterise barriers to service delivery in the schools. Qualitative analysis of respondents’ descriptions of barriers suggested that school psychologists encounter substantial problems in: communication about the injury; lack of knowledge and training among school personnel; lack of resources available to assist students; perceived lack of importance of TBI by school personnel; procedural impediments; and problematic placement options for students with TBI. Results of this study hig...
Game theory, complexity, and simplicity part II: problems and applications

In Part I an expository overview of the basic concepts of the theory of games was presented. The different forms for representing a game were noted and the various solutions were discussed and illustrated. Here we examine the highly different approaches adopted by those who regard themselves as game theorists and by those others who utilize game theory We examine the four most important distinctions in the many approaches to the uses and development of the theory of games. We consider: 1. Game theory as mathematics; 2. Game theory as science; applied science and social engineering, 3. Game theory as philosophy; 4. Game theory as prescience and as advocacy. Game theory as mathematics Mathematics may be the handmaiden of both science and philosophy when utilized in conjunction with these activities. But it stands alone as an art form which can (but need not ) be pursued with no immediate application in mind. The primitives accepted or the basic axioms postulated may often be based upon some individual's model of some aspect of activities and institutions in the surrounding world. However, the mathematical development of the basic models postulated need not reflect a scientific concern with any particular set of observable phenomena. The mathematically oriented game theorist may devote his or her time and abilities to
Umeclidinium Bromide and Vilanterol Trifenatate Inhalation Powder

Soundor Look-Alike Names: Fluticasone/vilanterol INDICATIONS Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol trifenatate inhalation powder is indicated for the long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of airfl ow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.1 Umeclidinium/vilanterol is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or asthma.1 There are no other fi xed-dose, long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting betaagonist (LABA) combination products currently approved in the United States. Combination shortacting beta-agonist and short-acting anticholinergic products are available; however, their use is limited by frequent dosing requirements.2,3 Table 1 summarizes the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)– approved indications for inhaled combination muscarinic and beta-2 agonists.
How to Construct Stable Democracies

Why are some states politically stable and others not? An extensive study by a dozen experts analyzing political instability during the last 50 years suggests two critical ingredients to succeed (and how to fail) in building stable democracies around the world.
Broadband decoupled, 1H-localized 13C MRS of the human brain at 4 Tesla

Broadband proton decoupling of the entire 13C spectrum was possible within power absorption guidelines and resulted in the detection of narrow (as low as 2-3 Hz), natural abundance signals from metabolites such as myo- inositol, glutamate, N-acetyl-aspartate, and glutamine from 72 cm3 volumes in the human brain. To overcome the chemical shift displacement error, three- dimensional localization on the 1H z magnetization was combined with polarization transfer. Efficiency of the heteronuclear localization method was demonstrated by the elimination of all scalp lipid resonances. A signal- to-noise ratio of 5:1 for 0.07 mM [13C] was achieved in 12 min, which is approximately a fivefold improvement over the sensitivity reported at 2.1 Tesla.
Weak Intermolecular Interactions in the Crystal Structures of Molecules with Tetrahedral Symmetry: Diamondoid Nets and Other Motifs

Motif-forming characteristics of weak intermolecular interactions (Br····Br, C⋮CH····C⋮C, and C⋮CBr····C⋮C) were examined in the solid state structures, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, of tetraphenylmethane and 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyladamantane derivatives substituted at the four vertices with bromo, ethynyl, bromoethynyl, and 1,3-diethynyl groups. The crystals of the bromo- and ethynyl-substituted tetraphenylmethane derivatives exhibited triply interwoven diamondoid lattices sustained by weak interactions between bromo and ethynyl groups. It was observed that when bromo- and ethynyl groups are interchanged in these compounds, their solid-state structures did not change significantly. The crystals of tetrakis(4-bromoethynyphenyl)methane, as well as 1,4- and 1,3,5-bromoethynylbenzene, were sustained by rare, T-shaped C⋮CBr····C⋮C contacts, but a comparison between these solid-state structures showed significant differences. All terminal 1,3-diynes were unstable compounds that decomposed rapidly...
New information-theoretic foundations for quantum statistics

When the state of a physical system is not fully determined by available data, it should be possible nevertheless to make a systematic guess concerning the unknown state by applying the principles of information theory. The resulting theoretical blend of informational and mechanical constructs should then constitute a modern structure for statistical physics. Such a program has been attempted by a number of authors, most notably Jaynes, with seeming success. However, we demonstrated in a recent publication that the standard list of so-called “mutually exclusive and exhaustive” quantum states that is commonly employed by these authors is in fact not exhaustive. It follows that the information-theoretic foundations of quantum statistics must be reformulated. The present paper discusses the fundamental problems involved and establishes a format for the correct application of information theory to quantum mechanical situations.
Therapy Insight: management of urology patients taking long-term warfarin anticoagulation therapy.

Invasive urologic procedures carry the potential to cause hemorrhaging, the risk of which is greater for patients receiving long-term anticoagulation therapy. Paul Daniels reviews these risks and the management options that can be used to balance the risks of hemorrhage against the problems of venous thromboembolism, if anticoagulation therapy is stopped in this group of patients. Chronic warfarin anticoagulation is commonly used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, and in the management of patients with mechanical heart valves. Interruption of long-term anticoagulation therapy for elective, planned urologic procedures in these patients creates a complex situation in which competing risks of thrombosis and hemorrhage must be managed; when anticoagulation is withheld patients are at risk of thrombosis, and when it is restarted they are at risk of hemorrhage. Patients at a high risk of thrombosis are typically given bridging therapy with heparin to reduce the amount of time without anticoagulation. Outcomes from bridging therapy are influenced by patient characteristics, including the risk of thromboembolism from underlying medical conditions and the risk of perioperative bleeding, and by characteristics of the procedures themselves. The safety and efficacy of different approaches are not well documented. Data regarding periprocedural anticoagulation management of urology patients is limited and principally describes outcomes related to transurethral prostate surgery. Results from these studies indicate that various strategies of anticoagulation interruption and bridging therapy result in low frequencies of thromboembolism, but variable rates of hemorrhage. Patients on anticoagulation therapy who are due to undergo invasive urologic procedures that have a low risk of developing thromboembolism can discontinue warfarin 4–5 days before the procedure, and resume it postprocedure. Bridging therapy to prevent thrombosis is necessary for patients at a higher risk of developing thromboembolism. Future research should develop strategies to maintain low rates of thrombosis but reduce the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage.
Changes in protein phosphorylation in wild-type and nickel-resistant cells and their involvement in morphological elongation.

Treatment of wild-type Balb/c-3T3 cells with NiCl2 orN6,2-O-dibutyl-adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Bt2-CAMP) resulted in a high degree and frequency of cellular elongation. Nickel-resistant Balb/c-3T3 cells (B200) treated with Bt2-CAMP elongated at the same exposure concentration as wild-type cells. In contrast, treatment of the nickel-resistant cells with both non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic doses of NiCl2 failed to induce elongation. Nickel-resistant cells had two-thirds of the total protein-phosphorylation activity of wild-type cells. Both cAMP and NiCl2 enhanced phosphorylation of specific proteins in intact wild-type cells as detected by32P autoradiography of these proteins separated on two-dimensional gels. A nickel-dependent phosphorylation of specific proteins is seen following NiCl2 treatment of wild-type cells but was not observed in B200 cells. In contrast, the pattern of Bt2-cAMP-stimulated protein phosphorylation was quite similar in both wild-type and nickel-resistant cells. Although it is unclear at present how nickel ions affect the cellular protein-phosphorylation system, these results suggested that targets controlling cellular elongation are sensitive to nickel, are altered in nickel-resistant cells and appear to involve protein phosphorylation. Further characterization of these targets may help in understanding the mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis.
Electrical Responses of Neuron Cell-Bodies in Sodium-free Media

THE electrical activity of frog spinal ganglion cells is maintained, and even enhanced, when the external sodium has been totally replaced by equimolar amounts of either choline or tetraethylammonium1. Further investigations suggested that quaternary ammonium ions do not actually substitute for sodium as carriers of the action current, but probably exert a pharmacological action on the membrane or in the perikaryon2.
Ultrastructural localization of zinc in rat exocrine pancreas by autoradiography.

65Zn was infused at a constant rate for 10 days into a rat. Glutaraldehyde fixed, Epon-araldite embedded ultrathin sections of pancreatic tissue were coated with Ilford L4 emulsion and at 211 days exposure were developed. Silver grains were found over the zymogen granules and over the rough endoplasmic reticulum of exocrine cells. Islet tissue was not observed in these studies. The failure of other zinc localization methods to demonstrate zinc in acinar tissue is discussed as are some of the pitfalls of the autoradiographic method and suggestions for future improvement.
Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance in Fe/Cr nanowires

We present theoretical studies on the size dependence of the current perpendicular-to-the-plane ballistic conductance and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in Fe/Cr nanowires within a realistic tight-binding model. We find that the conductance of the minority channel in the parallel configuration increases very slowly with the nanowire size. At the same time, the conductance of all other channels reaches the value observed in Fe/Cr multilayers at very small nanowire size. This limits the GMR ratio to only a fraction of the multilayer value for small nanowires.
Clock power minimization using structured latch templates and decision tree induction

This work proposes a novel latch placement methodology by computing optimized placement templates with significantly lower local clock tree capacitance at a one-time cost per standard cell library. By directly minimizing local clock tree capacitance, overall chip power is reduced. The proposed methodology first generates optimized placement solutions for a wide range of input configurations. Then, a redundancy removal approach using set-theoretic annotation is proposed demonstrating it is possible to remove over 99% of the templates with no information loss. Finally, a decision tree induction algorithm with novel impurity metric enables extremely fast template selection during the clock optimization stage of a modern physical design flow. The proposed approach reduces the local clock tree capacitance by 20-30% on average roughly equating to between a 1 and 4 watt reduction in total dynamic power on a 100-watt 22-nm microprocessor. Additionally, because of a priori generation, template selection during physical design is extremely fast.
Reduction of bleomycin-induced sequestration of neutrophils and vascular injury in hamster lungs by nitroglycerin

Neutrophil sequestration within the pulmonary microvasculature contributes to the pathogenesis of various types of lung injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that nitroglycerin, a vasodilator, could decrease neutrophil sequestration within the hamster lung, and thus lead to reduction of bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and injury. Nitroglycerin in an ointment base or petroleum jelly was dermally applied twice daily to the backs of hamsters which were given a single dose of bleomycin or 0.9% NaCl intratracheally. Nitroglycerin significantly reduced the bleomycin-induced increase in neutrophil sequestration in the lungs as indicated by a decrease in the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and by both BALF and tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Similarly, nitroglycerin significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced increases in protein content and acid phosphatase activity in the BALF supernatant. There was a marginal, but nonstatistically significant, reduction of bleomycin-induced increases in lung hydroxyproline content and malondialdehyde production by nitroglycerin. It was concluded that nitroglycerin, acting presumably by inducing pulmonary vasodilation, caused a marked reduction in the bleomycin-induced neutrophil sequestration and thus offered protection against the vascular leakage and lung injury in the model.
Macromolecular structure of axon membrane and action potential conduction in myelin deficient and myelin deficient heterozygote rat optic nerves

The macromolecular structure of the axon membrane in optic nerves from 25-day-old male littermate control and myelin deficient (md) rats and 16-month-old md heterozygotic rats was examined with quantitative freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
Cytokines in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Active Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Numerous cytokines are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation and subsequent fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, two recently described cytokines with a broad spectrum of proinflammatory effects, could participate in this disease. We obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 16 subjects (13 African-American, three Caucasian) with untreated active pulmonary sarcoidosis and 10 healthy nonsmoking volunteers (nine Caucasian, one African-American). Concentrated BALF was analyzed by an ELISA for IL-6, IL-8, and albumin. The median IL-6 level was 9.8 pg/mg albumin (range, 0-278) for the sarcoid group compared with 0.14 pg/mg (range, 0.14-9.8) in the control subjects (p = 0.001). The corresponding values for IL-8 were 202 pg/mg (range, 35-2179) versus 5.0 pg/mg (range, 0-44) in the control subjects (p < 0.001). Among the sarcoid patients, BALF IL-6 and IL-8 levels correlated with each other (r = 0.96, p < 0.001), and both cytokines correlated with the B...
Effects of uncertainty and risk on the allocation of time of married women

This article develops a model in which the existence of uncertainty in the rate of return to household production is shown to reduce the number of hours allocated to work at home. Empirically, the implications of the theoretical model are tested for married women with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The findings indicate that uncertainty variables are significant determinants both of participation in the market and of hours allocated to work, home work, and leisure. Specifically, permanent income and measures of uncertainty exert a stronger influence on the allocation of time of married women than do transitory changes in income. In addition, women for whom the probability of divorce is high are both more likely to work in the market and to work more hours in this sector than are women for whom the probability of divorce is low.
Apophasis in Plotinus: A Critical Approach *

Is apophasis dead? Can there be a contemporary apophatic theology, or critical method, or approach to comparative religion and interreligious dialogue? If such approaches are possible, then a resource of virtually unfathomable richness lies largely untapped. I suggest that apophasis has much to offer to contemporary thought and that, in turn, classical apophasis can be critically reevaluated from the perspective of contemporary concerns.
Effective use of WebBoard for distance learning

The paper discusses the effective use of WebBoard as an asynchronous communication tool to facilitate class interaction in distance learning. Students' perceptions of the educational functions of WebBoard were polled and analyzed. Instructors were interviewed on their views of WebBoard management. The discussion examines issues including perceived advantages and barriers in using WebBoard for class interaction in distance learning, board organization and management, instructor's direction and guidance, types of questions, and students performance evaluation.
Quantum dots targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 as a contrast agent for the detection of colorectal cancer

We successfully labeled colorectal cancer in vivo using quantum dots targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Quantum dots with emission centered at 655 nm were bioconjugated to anti-VEGFR2 antibodies through streptavidin/biotin linking. The resulting QD655-VEGFR2 contrast agent was applied in vivo to the colon of azoxymethane (AOM) treated mice via lavage and allowed to incubate. The colons were then excised, cut longitudinally, opened to expose the lumen, and imaged en face using a fluorescence stereoscope. The QD655-VEGFR2 contrast agent produced a significant increase in contrast between diseased and undiseased tissues, allowing for fluorescence-based visualization of the diseased areas of the colon. Specificity was assessed by observing insignificant contrast increase when labeling colons of AOM-treated mice with quantum dots bioconjugated to isotype control antibodies, and by labeling the colons of saline-treated control mice. This contrast agent has a great potential for in vivo imaging of the colon through endoscopy.
Deriving Hounsfield units using grey scale of a CBCT?: author response

We appreciate the reader's interest in our research paper "Deriving Hounsfield units using grey levels in cone beam computed tomography" in the September 2010 issue of DMFR.1 We have subsequently applied this method in a clinical situation and the results will be submitted shortly for publication by the same authors. This should help to explain some of the issues raised in this letter to the editor. We are aware of the paper by Bryant J A et al2 and we will attempt to address some of the issues regarding non-uniformity in the flat panel detector and the issue of noise raised in this paper in a future article. At this time we are unable to scan the device in an i-Cat CBCT machine as we do not have one of these scanners in our institution. We have several other CBCT devices but not this particular manufacturer's device.
To Certify or To Broker: How Science Parks Help Entrepreneurs Access Policy Resources

Intermediaries can help entrepreneurs access resources by verifying existing capabilities through certification or facilitating services that build new capabilities through brokering. Since no stud...
Succinylcholine: Controllable muscle relaxant

Abstract The history of succinylcholine, a short-acting muscle relaxant, has been discussed, along with some of its indications and contraindications for use. Its value in dental practice has been reviewed. Although all the ramifications of the mode of action of the drug are not completely known today, it has proved invaluable in the treatment of intractable laryngospasm. In this regard, it has gained an important position as an emergency drug for use in the office where Pentothal sodium is used. Its use in anesthesia for office practice is still under evaluation, but this ultimately will depend upon the practicality, the training of the operator, and the drug's value.
Predictors of Release from Guantánamo Bay and Detainee Recidivism

Exploring Reports of Recidivism by Guantanamo Bay Releasees. The purpose of this research is to examine what is known about recidivism by Guantanamo Bay releasees. Government reports suggest that approximately 27 percent of these releasees have returned to the battlefield while reporting in the open source media identifies the recidivism rate as nearly 9 percent. Deterrence, labeling and defiance theories were applied to explain their recidivism, and The New York Times’ Guantanamo Docket document release was used to code the 779 detainees on whether they were released, their nationality, age, time since release, risk level, intelligence value and other relevant domains. The recidivism data were obtained from the New America Foundation. These datasets were used to model the predictors of release from Guantanamo Bay and the predictors of recidivism for those who were released. Risk level, intelligence value, membership in multiple groups, and being of Yemeni nationality all statistically significantly affected the likelihood of release. However, only time since release predicted recidivism. It is likely that the proportion of detainees identified as recidivists will increase over time, as time to offend and be discovered increases, and as higher-risk detainees are released as part of the Obama Administration’s attempts to empty the island prison.
Comparing Traditional and Fuzzy Signal Detection Analysis for Classification Data

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the results of applying traditional signal detection theory (tSDT) and fuzzy signal detection theory (fSDT) methods to classification data. Fuzzy signal detection theory generalizes tSDT by allowing for non-binary assignment of events and responses in order to capture the uncertainty inherent in detection judgments. Because traditional signal detection has been used extensively in classification research, the use of fSDT may ultimately provide new insights in this domain. Results were analyzed from a classification learning experiment in which category discriminability, base-rates and payoffs varied across conditions. Several quantitative and qualitative differences were observed across theoretical perspectives. The difference between derived hit and false alarm rates was smaller in the fSDT analysis, even though the data were the same. Differences between accounts of the base-rate and payoff conditions, as well as between category discriminability levels, wer...
Endotracheal Suctioning in Preterm Infants Using Four‐Handed versus Routine Care

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of four‐handed care on preterm infants' physiologic and behavioral responses to and recovery from endotracheal suctioning versus routine endotracheal (ETT) suctioning. Design Randomized crossover design with infants as their own controls. Setting Single‐family‐room newborn intensive care unit in an academic health center. Participants Ten intubated infants on conventional ventilation with inline suctioning who were fewer than 37 weeks gestation at birth, and less than one week of age. Methods Each infant was observed twice on a single day. One observation involved routine ETT suctioning and one involved four‐handed care. Physiologic and behavioral response data were collected. Results No differences were noted when comparing baseline heart rate (HR) or oxygen saturation (SpO2) data to those obtained during and after suctioning while in the routine care condition. In the four‐handed care condition, mean SpO2 increased from preobservation 95.49 to during observation saturation 97.75 (p =.001). Salivary cortisol levels did not differ between groups at baseline or postsuctioning. No significant difference in behavior state was observed between the two conditions. More stress and defense behaviors occurred postsuctioning when infants received routine care as opposed to four‐handed care (p = .001) and more self‐regulatory behaviors were exhibited by infants during (p =.019) and after suctioning (p =.016) when receiving four‐handed care. No statistical difference was found in the number of monitor call‐backs postsuctioning. Conclusions Four‐handed care during suctioning was associated with a decrease in stress and defense behaviors and an increase in self‐regulatory behaviors.
Concerted Halogen Bonding and Orthogonal Metal-Halogen Interactions in Dimers of Lithium Formamidinate and Halogenated Formamidines: An ab Initio Study

Dimers of lithium formamidinate, CH(NH)2Li, and halogenated formamidines, HN=CHNHX, (X=Cl, Br, or I) are used as model systems to investigate simultaneous N-X···N and N-Li···N interactions, in tandem with orthogonal Li···X interactions. Geometry optimizations and energy calculations for the dimers are examined with the MP2 method and the M06-2X hybrid functional and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set (the aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis set is used for the iodine atom). Both methods predict the formation of a planar structure of C2v symmetry, regardless of the identity of the halogen atom. In this structure, the identities of the constituent monomers are essentially lost. Accordingly, the N-X···N interactions emerge as a rather symmetric quasi-linear N···X···N, where the covalent N-X bond in the halogenated formamidine is replaced by a partly covalent N···X interaction. Formation of the C2v structure is also driven by a fairly linear N···Li···N interaction parallel to the N···X···N interaction, and a Li···X interaction orthogonal to both the N···X···N and N···Li···N interactions. The strength of the interactions increases with the size of the halogen. The robustness of the interactions suggests that the dimers studied here or suitable analogues may find diverse applications including their use as novel polymeric synthons.
Characterization of plasmas from a pulsed jet discharge for applications VUV spectroscopy and micromechanics

Plasmas from a pulsed jet discharge have been characterized with respect to gas species and nozzle design. Spectral lines from the gas used in the pulsed nozzle are apparent in the visible region. The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum, particularly for heavier gases, is dominated by emission from species sputtered from the nozzle. The production of highly ionized and excited states from materials created by the sputtering of the nozzle has possible applications in VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) spectroscopy. Operating the pulsed jet discharge at a 50-Hz repetition rate with NF/sub 3/ to produce excited fluorine ions allowed etch rates in excess of 10 mu m/min to be achieved in silicon; this may have applications to micromechanics. >
The safety of protamine sulfate in diabetics undergoing cardiac catheterization

The frequency of anaphylactoid reactions to protamine sulfate was examined by reviewing the records of diabetic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization over a 5-year period, and by prospectively monitoring diabetic patients receiving NPH insulin during the infusion of protamine sulfate. No anaphylactoid reactions were noted after protamine administration (48 +/- 5 mg) in the retrospective study in either patients with prior exposure to protamine (74 catheterizations) or in diabetics with no exposure to protamine (132 catheterizations). In the prospective study, no anaphylactoid reactions were seen in the 24 NPH insulin-dependent diabetics during the infusion of protamine sulfate (45 +/- 5 mg). Five of the 42 patients (12%) from the retrospective study who underwent vascular surgery developed severe reactions to much larger doses of protamine (380 +/- 118 mg). Diabetics with prior exposure to protamine sulfate do not appear to be at increased risk of anaphylactoid reaction after the administration of protamine sulfate in the dose range of less than 50 mg at the time of cardiac catheterization.
Applying an Enterprise Engineering Approach to Engineering Work: A Focus on Business Process Modeling

AbstractThis article describes the application of an enterprise engineering approach to analyze and redesign a design change process in an engineer-to-order manufacturing plant. Contributions of this article include the development of a framework for enterprise engineering, with an emphasis on the design phase; exploration of business process modeling and the adopted modeling language; and the application of the design steps of the enterprise engineering approach, including process modeling to an actual engineering change order process. In particular, the extended Event-driven Process Chain (eEPC) method was used to create a multidimensional process representation including function, data, organization, and output components. Results of the case application demonstrate the applicability of enterprise engineering and process-modeling activities to non-routine, knowledge-based work.
Essay: On spirituality and social work practice

(1996). Essay: On spirituality and social work practice. Smith College Studies in Social Work: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 171-175.
Positive Feedforward Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for DC Input Bus Stabilization With Experimental Validation

A positive feedforward (PFF) controller is proposed as a new active approach to improve stability of a three-phase voltage source inverter. In particular, the proposed approach solves the source subsystem interaction problem, i.e., a system stability degradation which is commonly observed when the inverter is connected to a dc voltage source subsystem that presents finite Thevenin impedance. The implemented strategy is to combine the PFF control with the conventional negative feedback (NFB) control. When properly designed, the PFF control modifies the inverter input impedance in the frequency range where the subsystem interaction occurs. As a result, the PFF control stabilizes the dc bus voltage ensuring overall system stability, while allowing the NFB control to maintain good output voltage regulation performance. The approach results in greatly improved stability and damping of the dc bus voltage with a slight reduction of output FB control bandwidth. Complete small-signal models are presented on a dq rotating frame using g-parameter representation. The design criteria for the PFF controller as well as the tradeoff between dynamic output performance and stability improvement are discussed in detail. An extended analysis of stability based on minor loop gain and passivity concept at the dc input bus is also presented. The approach is validated by experimental results.
Frequency-agile lidar for simultaneous measurement of temperature and radial wind in the mesopause region without sodium density contamination

With early and ongoing climatological surveys established, continuing observations of the mesopause region over Fort Collins Colorado are discussed, emphasizing the modification of Colorado State University's two frequency lidar for simultaneous measurement of temperature via Doppler Broadening and radial wind via Doppler shift. The application of a frequency-agile, tandem acousto-optical modulator system for three-frequency temperature/wind measurements free of contamination from atmospheric Na density fluctuations, as well as frequency characterization of this new apparatus, and future applications are considered.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Processing of Plural Expressions

This paper reviews the psycholinguistic work on the processing of plurals and offers a novel account of how plural expressions are represented during comprehension. The evidence suggests that there are three distinct types of plural representation. The first type of representation is completely underspecified such that the plural expression may denote a singleton. The second type of representation specifies that the plural expression refers to multiple entities without individuating any of the entities. Finally, the last type of plural expression is fully specified in that the number of entities is known and the entities are differentiated. This account of plural representation is consistent with the semantic proposal that plurals are left unmarked for number compared to singulars. This proposal is also consistent with theories of sentence processing that allow some semantic information to be left unresolved during comprehension.
Effect of Compressibility on Peak Impact Pressure and Pressure Distribution During Water Entry of a Wedge

Ship hull slamming and wave impact on wave energy converters (WEC) are an important problem in naval architecture and marine hydrokinetic for the survivability of vessels and WECs in adverse environmental conditions. An idealized canonical model for these problems can be traced back to the water entry of a wedge–shaped rigid object. Common asymptotic and empirical models are often based on the assumption that the fluid is incompressible and the initial wedge entry velocity to sound speed ratio (defined as the characterized Mach number) is low. In this paper, we present some initial results of a numerical study of the effect of fluid compressibility on the peak slamming impact pressure. The deadrise angle and entry velocity of the model are varied to examine the sensitivity of the peak and distribution of the pressure response with respect to these parameters. The fluid compressibility is controlled through the bulk modulus and manifested as various sound speeds. The normalization using this sound speed shows that the pressure coefficient changes consistently for a certain deadrise angle. The results indicates that despite a low Mach number, the fluid compressibility in the numerical model affects the peak pressure significantly, implying an overestimation in engineering application by the classical asymptotic incompressible theory.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Design and analysis of value creation networks

There are many diverse domains like academic collaboration, service industry, and movies, where a group of agents are involved in a set of activities through interactions or collaborations to create value. The end result of the value creation process is two pronged: firstly, there is a cumulative value created due to the interactions and secondly, a network that captures the pattern of historical interactions between the agents. In this paper we summarize our efforts towards design and analysis of value creation networks: 1) network representation of interactions and value creations, 2) identify contribution of a node based on values created from various activities, and 3) ranking nodes based on structural properties of interactions and the resulting values. To highlight the efficacy of our proposed algorithms, we present results on IMDB and services industry data.
Workup and Management of Persistent Neuralgia following Nerve Block

Neurological injuries following peripheral nerve blocks are a relatively rare yet potentially devastating complication depending on the type of lesion, affected extremity, and duration of symptoms. Medical management continues to be the treatment modality of choice with multimodal nonopioid analgesics as the cornerstone of this therapy. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who developed a clinical common peroneal and lateral sural cutaneous neuropathy following an uncomplicated popliteal sciatic nerve block. Workup with electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance neurography revealed injury to both the femoral and sciatic nerves. Diagnostic studies and potential mechanisms for nerve injury are discussed.
Dynamic voting

In a voting-based algorithm, a replicated file can be updated in a partition if it contains a majority of copies. In this paper, we propose an extension of this scheme which permits a file to be updated in a partition provided it contains a majority of up-to-date copies. Our scheme not only preserves mutual consistency of the replicated file, but provides improvement in its availability as well. We develop a stochastic model which gives insight into the improvements afforded by our scheme over the voting scheme.
Some New Choline Esters with Cycloplegic and Mydriatic Action.

SummaryA new class of choline esters with mydriatic and cycloplegic properties is reported. For routine examinations, di-n-butyl-carbamylcholine sulfate produces cycloplegia and mydriasis comparable in degree to that produced by homatropine; however, the new compound has the advantage of producing a shorter period of visual disability.
Abstract 864: Correlates of mammography screening practice among immigrant women in Southern California

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States. Immigrant underrepresented women are facing many challenges and barriers to knowledge, access to health care and preventive services. Few studies have examined factors associated with mammography screening among immigrant women in Southern California. Purpose: We examined factors associated with mammography screening among immigrant women in Southern California. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 517 immigrant women aged 40 years and older. The instrument included constructs from the Health Belief Model. The survey was conducted using a self administered questionnaire in the women's preferred language. The outcome variables were the percentage of women ages 40 and older who ever received a mammogram and the percentage of women who received a mammogram within the past year. Independent variables were demographics, frequency of visits to health care provider, and scores of the following variables: knowledge of BC symptoms and BC risk factors, perceived benefits, perceived health motivation and perceived barriers to obtaining a mammogram. We analyzed data using SPSS 15. Results: of the 517 women, 50% were Iranian, 15% were Arab, and 21% were Asian/South Asian. Twenty eight percent had family history of BC, 63% had a friend diagnosed with BC, and 47% had yearly visit to the health care provider. Ever had a mammogram was reported by 88% of the women and 73% reported they had mammogram within the last 12 months. Participants had low knowledge of BC symptoms (mean score=7, Standard Deviation [SD]=3.5, range=1-13) and low knowledge of BC risk factors (mean score=8, SD=3.6, range=1-21). Women showed high health motivation (mean score=4.4, SD=0.6, range=1-5) and low barriers (mean score=2.4, SD=0.6, range=1-5). Predictors of ever had a mammogram were age, having a friend who was diagnosed with BC, and having a high score of health motivation. Factors associated with having a mammogram within the past year were having frequent visits to the health care provider, having a higher score in knowledge of BC symptoms, and having a lower score of perceived barriers to obtaining a mammogram. Conclusions: The findings indicated that health care provider may influence the BC screening among immigrant women. There is a need for a culturally sensitive educational intervention to enhance the knowledge and awareness related to BC. This intervention can be provided through the health care provider and through the social support and family groups. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 864.
Method on Selection Evaluation of Defense Pre-research Project Management

The paper gives index system and grade level based on which selection evaluation of defense pre-research project is evaluated.According to characteristics of the evaluation,multivariate connection number is introduced into the process of selection evaluation of defense pre-research project.Steps using connection number to evaluate projects are also presented.A case study shows that the above method can not only provide decision makers quantitative evaluation results,but also it is comprehensible and convenient to practical application.
Action of sensory neurons in an experimental at colitis model of injury and repair.

The influence of sensory nerves on inflammation and healing was studied in a rat colitis model at different stages of inflammation. Studies were performed in animals with and without ablation of sensory nerves, which was achieved by pretreatment with the neurotoxin capsaicin. Colitis was induced by a rectal enema containing trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (50 mg/kg) in 50% ethanol. Severity of inflammation was markedly increased 3 and 7 days after induction of colitis in the capsaicin-pretreated group compared with the vehicle group as determined by a macroscopic damage score (at 3 days, 12.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.5; at 7 days, 12.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.8; P < 0.05), by histology (ulceration score at 3 days, 82 +/- 12 vs. 40 +/- 11%; at 7 days, 92 +/- 5 vs. 46 +/- 13%; P < 0.05), and by myeloperoxidase activity (at 3 days, 133 +/- 30 vs. 42 +/- 14 U/mg protein; at 7 days, 76 +/- 11 vs. 39 +/- 11 U/mg protein; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the severity of colitis 14 and 21 days after indu...
Use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle − Mounted Video Camera to Assess Feeding Behavior of Raramuri Criollo Cows

ABSTRACT We determined the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) video monitoring to predict intake of discrete food items of rangeland-raised Raramuri Criollo non-nursing beef cows. Thirty-five cows were released into a 405-m2 rectangular dry lot, either in pairs (pilot tests) or individually (experiment tests), that contained 12 food bowls arranged in an open semicircle and placed approximately 1 m apart. Four bowls containing either long alfalfa hay (AH, 200 g), long Sudangrass hay (SH, 200 g), or cottonseed cake (CC, 50 g) were alternated (CC, AH, SH) using the same sequence in all tests. Video footage of all arena tests was acquired with a three dimensional Robotics Y6 Multi-copter fitted with a two-axis brushless gimbal and a GoPro Hero 3 Silver Digital Camera. Video files were processed to extract a total of 4 893 two-second-interval still images that were viewed to determine cow feeding activity. Cows that were naive to the sound of the UAV fed as frequently (P > 0.05) as their adapte...
Evaluations of in-use emission factors from off-road construction equipment

Abstract Gaseous and particle emissions from construction engines contribute an important fraction of the total air pollutants released into the atmosphere and are gaining increasing regulatory attention. Robust quantification of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are necessary to inventory the contribution of construction equipment to atmospheric loadings. Theses emission inventories require emissions factors from construction equipment as a function of equipment type and modes of operation. While the development of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) has led to increased studies of construction equipment emissions, emissions data are still much more limited than for on-road vehicles. The goal of this research program was to obtain accurate in-use emissions data from a test fleet of newer construction equipment (model year 2002 or later) using a Code of Federal Requirements (CFR) compliant PEMS system. In-use emission measurements were made from twenty-seven pieces of construction equipment, which included four backhoes, six wheel loaders, four excavators, two scrapers (one with two engines), six bulldozers, and four graders. The engines ranged in model year from 2003 to 2012, in rated horsepower (hp) from 92 to 540 hp, and in hours of operation from 24 to 17,149 h. This is the largest study of off-road equipment emissions using 40 CFR part 1065 compliant PEMS equipment for all regulated gaseous and particulate emissions.