cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Failure prognosis methods in electrical drives - State of the art and future directions

As prognosis of failures of critical electric drives is attracting interest, new tools are emerging. Starting from the well established tools for the fault diagnosis, and expanding to the development of trends, and from them determination of the Remaining Useful Life of a drive leads to timely maintenance of fault mitigation, decreased costs and system reliability. The tools used today for failure prognosis ar briefly outlined, and the present needs and challenges, and future research and applications are presented.
A calcified carcinoma of the lung and intracerebral metastasis

A case of a calcified carcinoma of the lung which later developed a large diffusely calcified brain metastasis is reported. Considerations which caused us to suspect a malignant lesion at presentation, although diffusely calcified, are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of [Pd2X2(μ-X)2{Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2-P,P′}]m(n= 3, 5, X = Cl, I) dimetallacrown ethers and the related dinuclear [Pd2Cl2(μ-Cl)2{Ph2P(CH2)12PPh2-P,P′}]m and [Pd2X2(μ-X2){Ph2P(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH3-P)2}](X = Cl, I) complexes

Reactions of the metallacrown ethers, [PdCl2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2-P,P′}]m (n = 3, 5), with PdCl2 or Pd(PhCN)2Cl2 yield the new dimetallacrown ethers, [Pd2Cl2(μ-Cl)2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2-P,P′}]m (n = 3 (3), n = 5 (4)). Similar reactions of [PdCl2{PPh2(CH2)12PPh2-P,P′}]m and [PdCl2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH3-P}2] with PdCl2 or Pd(PhCN)2Cl2 yield [Pd2Cl2(μ-Cl2){PPh2(CH2)12PPh2-P,P′}]m (5) and [Pd2Cl2(μ-Cl)2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH3-P}2] (6), respectively. The chloride-bridged dimetallacrown ethers, 3 and 4, are cleanly converted into the iodide-bridged dimetallacrown ethers, [Pd2I2(μ-I)2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2-P,P′}]m (n = 3 (7), n = 5 (8)) by reaction with excess NaI. In solution, 3 and 4 exist as mixtures of syn monomers and cyclic oligomers while 7 and 8 exist as mixtures of both syn and anti monomers and cyclic oligomers. The solid state structures of syn-[Pd2I2(μ-I)2{PPh2(CH2CH2O)3CH2CH2PPh2-P,P′}] (syn-7) and of anti-[Pd2I2(μ-I)2{Ph2P(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH3)2-P}2} (anti-9) have been determined. These structures are consistent with the major species present in the solutions. They also suggest that syn-7 experiences ring-strain, which is consistent with the results from the 31P{1H} NMR studies.
Cross‐talk between T‐Ag presence and pRb family and p53/p73 signaling in mouse and human medulloblastoma

The formation and progression of mudulloblastoma (MB) is poorly understood. However, somatic inactivation of pRb/p105, in combination with a somatic or a germ-line TP53 inactivation, leads to MB in a mouse model. Presently, there is no specific evidence of pathway/s alterations for the other two members of the retinoblastoma family, pRb2/p130 and/or p107 in MB. JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus. Although there is no firm evidence that this virus plays a causal role in human neoplasia, it has been clearly proven that JCV is highly oncogenic when injected into the brain of experimental animals. The mechanism of JCV-induced tumorigenesis is not entirely clear. However, several studies relate the oncogenic properties of JCV mainly to its early protein large T-antigen (T-Ag), which is able to bind and inactivate both TP53 and Rb family proteins. Here, we compared the protein expression profiles of p53, p73, pRb family proteins, and PCNA, as main regulators of cell proliferation and death, in different cell lines of mouse primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), either T-Ag-positive or -negative, and in human MB cell lines. Our goal was to determine if changes in the relative expression of these regulators could trigger molecular perturbations underlying MB pathogenesis in mouse and human cells. Our results support that the presence of JCV T-Ag may interfere with the expression of pRb family proteins, specific p73 isoforms, and p53. In turn, this “perturbation” may trigger a network of signals strictly connected with survival and apoptosis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: New management options

The past decade has realized remarkable advances in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a progressive and potentially fatal disease. A small proportion of patients will have a dramatic hemodynamic response to acute vasodilator testing performed at the time of right heart catheterization and may be candidates for calcium channel blocker therapy. The vast majority of patients with PAH will not benefit from calcium channel blockers and should be treated with one of the three US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for PAH; bosentan, treprostinil, or epoprostenol. Because of the ease of administration relative to other therapies, the majority of patients with functional class III symptoms should be treated with the oral nonselective endothelin antagonist bosentan. Randomized controlled trials with treprostinil have demonstrated improvements in exercise endurance and hemodynamics. Patients who are critically ill, with functional class IV symptoms, should be started on epoprostenol because it is the most rapidly effective therapy. Intravenous epoprostenol improves exercise endurance, quality of life, hemodynamics, and survival in PAH. Investigational therapies on the horizon include phosphodiesterase inhibitors, prostacyclin analogues with alternative delivery routes (eg, inhaled, oral), and selective endothelin A receptor antagonists. The future of PAH therapy will likely include combinations of these therapies based on the multiple mechanisms of action.
Coupling of agonist binding to channel gating in the GABA A receptor

Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) mediate rapid synaptic transmission by activating receptors belonging to the gene superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs)1. These channels are pentameric proteins that function as signal transducers, converting chemical messages into electrical signals2. Neurotransmitters activate LGICs by interacting with a ligand-binding site3,4,5,6,7, triggering a conformational change in the protein that results in the opening of an ion channel8. This process, which is known as ‘gating’, occurs rapidly and reversibly, but the molecular rearrangements involved are not well understood9. Here we show that optimal gating in the GABAA receptor, a member of the LGIC superfamily, is dependent on electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged Asp 57 and Asp 149 residues in extracellular loops 2 and 7, and the positively charged Lys 279 residue in the transmembrane 2–3 linker region of the α1-subunit. During gating, Asp 149 and Lys 279 seem to move closer to one another, providing a potential mechanism for the coupling of ligand binding to opening of the ion channel.
Geoinformatics applications: where to next?

Geospatial informatics has achieved a level of maturity that is bringing spatial data to ever more applications. Examples include web mapping, 3-D browsers, spatial data infrastructures, sensor webs, and location based services. Key principles to this achievement include: robust open source and proprietary implementations; consistent geospatial concepts across implementations; and standards adopted through open consensus offered freely as in free beer on the web.Several applications are now ripe for rapid development based on this established baseline of standards, software implementations and deployed systems. The value and use of geospatial information will continue to increase through various systems-of-systems of geospatial services. Beyond traditional SDI communities the Geoscience communities are rapidly developing information systems using OGC and other open standards. The application of geospatial to Business Intelligence is poised for phenomenal growth. The emergence of mobile Internet will result in the second generation of location-based services.
Theory of Raman spectra of heavily doped semiconductor multiple quantum wells

We present theoretical studies of the Raman spectra of heavily doped GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As multiple quantum wells in an attempt to understand the effects of heavy two-dimensional (2D) doping on the electronic structures and optical properties of semiconductors. Samples of GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As multiple quantum wells with x=0.2 and 0.4, well-barrier widths around 100 \AA{}, and 2D electron densities up to more than 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ are examined. Intersubband and intrasubband Raman plasmon modes are calculated with an energy-dependent effective-mass theory, which takes into account the band nonparabolicity. The screened external potential due to impurity and electron charge distribution including the exchange and correlation effects are calculated self-consistently within the local-density approximation. The resulting Raman spectra are found to be sensitive to the shape of the screened potential, and they are in qualitative agreement with experimental data. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Chloramphenicol-promoted increase in resistance to UV damage in Escherichia coli B/r WP2 trpE65: development of the capacity for successful repair of otherwise mutagenic or lethal lesions in DNA

Abstract The ultraviolet radiation survival curve of exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli B/r WP2 trpE65 was modified by a short period (20 min) of chloramphenicol treatment before UV exposure, which produced an extended exponential section of intermediate slope between the shoulder and the final exponential slope. More prolonged incubation with chloramphenicol (up to 90 min) resulted in little further extension of the intermediate exponential slope, but caused a progressive expansion of the shoulder region. With each period of chloramphenicol pretreatment, a major surge of mutation to tryptophan independence always occurred after that UV fluence promoting the transition from the shoulder to the intermediate exponential slope of the survival curve, and another major surge occurred after that fluence promoting the transition from the intermediate exponential slope to the final exponential slope. A minor surge of mutation occurred after low fluences. The 3 surges in mutation and the increased slopes of the survival curve are ascribed to UV-inactivation of 3 qualitatively different DNA-repair systems, each differentially increased resistances to UV caused by pretreatment by chloramphenicol.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 128

Abstract Nuclear structure data available through December 1972 are compiled, and adopted level properties and decay schemes are presented. The first section of the compilation consists of drawings summarizing essentially all available reaction and radioactivity data. The second section, “Summary Sheets,” contains adopted level properties and, where space permits, tabulated data upon which they are based. The third section, “Data Sheets,” is used only for those nuclei requiring extensive data tabulations.
Environmental effects on asexual reproduction rates of the scyphozoan Aurelia labiata

Problem outbreaks of jellyfish and warming of the Earth's climate are both being reported at unprecedented rates. Models forecast continued changes in temperature, salinity, and solar radiation (insolation) in the world's oceans as consequences of global warming. Many species with a swimming jellyfish stage also have a benthic stage that asexually produces buds and new jel- lyfish (ephyrae). This perennial benthic stage probably determines the numbers of jellyfish in the population. In this study, polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia labiata from Puget Sound, Washington, USA, were tested in 9 combinations of temperature (7, 10, 15°C) and salinity (20, 27, 34) in the dark, and in 9 combinations of photoperiod (12, 8, and 4 h d -1 ) and light intensity (1 screen, 2 screens, opaque) at ambient salinity (27) and temperature (15°C). Another experiment tested polyps in treat- ments of 10, 15, and 20°C. Survival of the initial polyps in all treatments was high (83 to 100%). Tem- perature, salinity, and their combination dramatically affected the numbers of ephyrae produced (from nearly 0 at 7°C to 42 ephyrae polyp -1 at 15°C), the percentages of ephyrae out of total asexual reproduction (≤12% at 7°C to 89% at 20°C), and the delay before ephyra production (> 81 d at 7°C but only 39 to 46 d at 15°C). Thus, all results showed that more jellyfish were produced with increasing temperature. Long photoperiod and highest light intensity greatly accelerated strobilation, with polyps in 12 h light strobilating 30 to 40 d before those in other treatments. Polyps receiving the most light strobilated most frequently. In situ conditions showed that light increased much more rapidly than temperature before strobilisation, suggesting that light may be the more important signal. I sug- gest that the light-sensitive hormone melatonin, or a precursor like serotonin, coordinates the timing of strobilation in A. labiata with the seasonal light cycle.
Separation of Pesticides and Impurities by Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was chosen for study as an isolation technique for pesticides and the impurities found with them, because its high capacity makes possible comparatively large batches of purified materials and because its mild operating conditions minimize the danger of degradation during the separation. Technical grade fenthion, an organophosphorus insecticide, showed traces of six impurities. The principal one found in an analytical standard fenthion was identified as 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)anisole, well separated from the fenthion. The n-octyl ester of the herbicide 2,4,5-T was easily separated from the methyl ester impurity.
MBE Regrowth Over a Selectively Undercut GaAs Masking Layer

We describe the use of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for regrowth over a photolithographically defined GaAs shadow mask to fabricate a buried etched void surrounding a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The initial MBE growth consists of a GaAs etch stop layer, followed by an Al0.67Gao.33As spacer layer, and then a GaAs capping layer. After the initial growth, various diameter openings ranging from 2 to10 gtm are photolithographically defined in a photoresist layer, and the top GaAs layer is selectively etched. The exposed LTAlGaAs layer is next selectively etched with the etch time adjusted to undercut the top GaAs layer to create a shadow mask. An MBE regrowthis then performed which consists of alternating layers of GaAs and AlAs. Scanning electron microscopy, surface profiling, and optical microscopy are used to characterize the regrowth. We have used this shadow masking technique to realize a buried etched void surrounding the optically active part of a VCSEL. A continuous wave room temperature lasing thresholdof 0.47 mA for a 4 [tm device has been achieved, which to our knowledge is the lowest continuous wave room temperature threshold yet reported for a VCSEL.
The effect of furosemide and bumetanide on warfarin metabolism and anticoagulant response

In a study of 11 normal subjects who received either furosemide or bumetanide, response to warfarin was unaffected by either diuretic. The mean prothrombin times after a single oral dose of 50 mg warfarin were 18.8 +/- 0.7 sec before and 19.6 +/- 1.7 sec during furosemide administration, and 18.3 +/- 1.4 sec before and 19.7 +/- 1.3 sec during bumetanide administration. Mean plasma warfarin half-lives were 43.2 +/- 2.8 hr before and 37.8 +/- 1.7 hr during furosemide treatment and 39.9 +/- 9.5 hr before and 37.4 +/- 2.4 hr during bumetanide treatment. Hypoprothrombinemic responses, plasma warfarin concentrations, and warfarin half-lives were not significantly influenced by treatment with either diuretic. Both loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide can be safely administered during warfarin anticoagulant therapy without risk of clinically significant interaction.
Effects of aging on Na+-pump current in rat ventricular myocytes

This study was designed to determine if aging affects ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-pump current (Ip), an electrophysiological measure of Na,K-ATPase activity, in rat heart. Ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated from hearts of young adult (4-6 months of age) and aged (28-36 months of age) male Long-Evans rats. Ip was monitored using conventional whole-cell patch-clamp techniques under both maximally stimulating (85 mM intracellular Na+ with 10.8 mM extracellular K+) and 'physiological' (10 mM intracellular Na+ with 5.4 mM extracellular K+) conditions. Values were expressed relative to membrane capacitance to account for the larger cell size of the aged myocytes. Results indicated that maximal Ip is smaller (e.g. approximately 23% at the holding potential of -40 mV) in myocytes isolated from aged as compared to young adult rats. However, neither the voltage-dependence of maximal Ip nor the pump current monitored under 'physiological' conditions were affected by age in general, these data support results of previous biochemical and ion flux studies which demonstrated that aging is associated with a decline in the Na(+)-pump capacity of the myocardium.
Performance of Cooperative Transmissions in Flat Fading Environment with Asynchronous Transmitters

Channel dispersion is inevitable in asynchronous cooperative transmissions even in flat fading environment, which may greatly degrade the gain of cooperative diversity and cast doubts on their application in wireless sensor networks for energy efficiency or reliability. This paper studies the interference caused by such channel dispersion, and shows that the average SIR can be decreased to 10 dB even in noiseless transmissions. We propose two methods to mitigate the dispersion: a simple sampling time optimization method, and an over-sampling combining method. Simulations show that they can achieve average SIR near 30 dB and near 60 dB, respectively, with two cooperative transmitters.
Time-resolved in situ studies of apatite formation in aqueous solutions

Formation of hydroxylapatite through the precipitation and evolution of calcium phosphate precursor phases under varying conditions of temperature (25–90 °C), pH (6.5–9.0), and calcium to phosphorus ratio (1.0, 1.33, 1.5, and 1.67) comparable to those found in many sediments and soils were studied. The products of low-temperature precipitation were analyzed by ex situ X-ray diffraction and SEM, as well as time-resolved in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Rietveld refinement was used for quantitative evaluation of relative abundances during phase evolution. The results of ex situ investigations conducted at ambient temperature and near-neutral pH indicate formation of amorphous calcium phosphate, which over the course of experiments transforms to brushite and ultimately hydroxylapatite. The results of in situ X-ray diffraction experiments suggest a more complex pathway of phase development under the same conditions. Some of the initially formed amorphous calcium phosphate and/or crystalline brushite transformed to octacalcium phosphate. In the later stage of the reactions, octacalcium phosphate transforms quite rapidly to hydroxylapatite. This is accompanied or followed by the transformation of the remaining brushite to monetite. Hydroxylapatite and monetite coexist in the sample throughout the remainder of the experiments. In contrast to the near-neutral pH experiments, the results from ex situ and in situ diffraction investigations performed at higher pH yield similar results. The precipitate formed in the initial stages in both types of experiments was identified as amorphous calcium phosphate, which over the course of the reaction quite rapidly transformed to hydroxylapatite without any apparent intermediate phases. This is the first application of time-resolved in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction to precipitation reactions in the Ca(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O system. The results indicate that precursors are likely to occur during the natural or induced (e.g., with application of Ca+PO4 amendments) formation of hydroxylapatite in many sedimentary environments.
Synthetic polypeptide antagonists of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor.

Two analogs of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor modified at the histidine-2 position were tested for biological activity (secretion of luteinizing hormone) in cultures of dispe...
From the Workplace to Academia: Nontraditional Students and the Relevance of Workplace Experience in Technical Writing Pedagogy

In this study, I compared initial drafts of job application cover letters by nontraditional students in an introductory professional writing course with those by traditional students to determine if prior workplace experience improves rhetorical adaptability in students' writing. Although one might expect nontraditional students to display more rhetorical adaptability, this study reveals no difference. These results suggest that minor changes in pedagogy may help nontraditional students use their workplace experience to improve workplace-oriented writing in the classroom.
Association of apolipoprotein E genotype with duration of time to achieve a stable warfarin dose in African-American patients.

Study Objective. To test the hypothesis that genotypes for proteins affecting vitamin K availability influence the duration of time required to achieve a stable warfarin dose in African-American patients. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Pharmacist-managed antithrombosis clinic. Patients. Ninety-two African-American adults whose warfarin therapy was initiated between September 2, 1999, and July 8, 2009. Measurements and Main Results. During a routine anticoagulation clinic visit, a sample was collected from each patient for genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed for the following variants: apolipoprotein E e2, e3, and e4; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)*2; cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4F2 V433M; CYP2C9*2, *3, *5, *8, and *11; and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) -1639G>A. Patients' medical records were then reviewed, and data were collected retrospectively for each anticoagulation clinic visit during the first 6 months of warfarin therapy or until dose stabilization. The median time required to reach a stable warfarin dose, defined as the dose that produced therapeutic anticoagulation for three consecutive clinic visits, was 83 days. Compared with the 46 patients who achieved a stable warfarin dose within 83 days, the 46 patients who required longer durations for dose stabilization had a higher frequency of the apolipoprotein E e3/e3 genotype (37% vs 59%, p=0.037). Sixty-one percent of patients with the e3/e3 genotype versus 40% of those with an e2 or e4 allele had a delay in achieving a stable dose (p=0.037). Neither the CYP4F2 nor NQO1 genotype was associated with warfarin dose stabilization. Conclusion. Our data support the hypothesis that the apolipoprotein E genotype is associated with duration of time to reach a stable warfarin dose in African-American patients. Further insight into the genetic effects on warfarin dose stabilization could reveal novel methods to improve anticoagulation control during the warfarin initiation period.
Noradrenergic-mediated potentiation of acetylcholine release from the phrenic nerve: Evidence for presynaptic α1-adrenoceptor involvement

Abstract This study, conducted in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, was designed to establish more direct evidence that norepinephrine enhances acetylcholine (ACh) release from motor neurons and characterize the α-adrenoceptor type mediating this action. Norepinephrine (50 μM, α 1 + α 2 agonist) increased nerve-stimulated release by 183%, as determined by radioenzymatic assay. This effect was completely abolished by pretreatment with the α-adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine ( α 1 + α 2 ) and by WB 4101 ( α 1 ) but only modestly reduced by yohimbine ( α 2 ). Clonidine ( α 2 agonist) did not enhance ACh release or nerve-stimulated muscle contractions, while phenylephrine ( α 1 agonist) and norepinephrine increased muscle contractions up to 19.5–22.4%. These results support the hypothesis that norepinephrine increases ACh release from somatic motor nerves via a presynaptic α 1 interaction.
Madelung deformity with Vickers ligament.

An 11-year-old girl with chronic left wrist deformity and pain underwent MRI evaluation. Coronal intermediateweighted sequence with fat suppression showed a triangular deformity with medial tilt of the distal radius and proximal migration of the triangular-shaped lunate (Fig. 1). The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) demonstrated diffuse thickening and oblique orientation (Fig. 1, arrow). These findings are suggestive of Madelung deformity. Sagittal intermediate-weighted sequence with fat suppression showed diffuse thickening of the radiolunate ligament, suggesting Vickers ligament (Fig. 2).
Antioxidant Action of Dietary Restriction in the Aging Process

Dietary restriction is widely recognized to be the most effective means of intervening in the aging process in laboratory animals. Recent studies have produced substantial evidence that indicates this nutritional manipulation can modulate many aspects of free radical metabolism, including free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cytosolic defense systems. Some of our laboratory's recent work is summarized in this presentation.
The inverse problem using nodal position data

Uniqueness theorems and algorithms are presented for solving inverse problems where the data is nodal positions.
A concept mapping approach to guide and understand dissemination and implementation.

Many efforts to implement evidence-based programs do not reach their full potential or fail due to the variety of challenges inherent in dissemination and implementation. This article describes the use of concept mapping—a mixed method strategy—to study implementation of behavioral health innovations and evidence‐based practice (EBP). The application of concept mapping to implementation research represents a practical and concise way to identify and quantify factors affecting implementation, develop conceptual models of implementation, target areas to address as part of implementation readiness and active implementation, and foster communication among stakeholders. Concept mapping is described and a case example is provided to illustrate its use in an implementation study. Implications for the use of concept mapping methods in both research and applied settings towards the dissemination and implementation of behavioral health services are discussed.
Cloning of cDNA for the α Subunit of Mouse Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor and the Role of the Receptor in Metanephric Development

Abstract Various growth factors influence mammalian development by binding to specific cell surface receptors. These interactions are followed by a series of intracellular transductional events leading to a wide variety of biological effects. To establish the role of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) in renal development, cDNA for the alpha subunit of the mouse IGF-IR was isolated, characterized, and used in expression studies and antisense experiments in a metanephric organ culture system. A 989-bp insert, encoding the signal peptide and 299 amino acids, isolated from a newborn mouse kidney cDNA library had 99% and 91% homology with the nucleotide sequences encoding the rat and the human IGF-IR, respectively. An approximately 11-kb message was readily detected by Northern blot analysis of RNA from the developing kidney at day 13 of gestation, and it declined during the subsequent embryonal and neonatal periods. In situ hybridization revealed high levels of message over the ureteric bud and its branches. A lower level of message was seen in the neonatal kidney, confined mainly to the tubules. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-treated metanephric kidneys were reduced in size and had a decreased population of nephrons with marked disorganization of ureteric bud branches. Immunofluorescence studies indicated an arrest of IGF-IR translation after antisense exposure. Immunoprecipitation studies showed a marked decrease in the biosynthesis of various extracellular matrix proteins that serve as regulators of morphogenesis. These studies suggest that the nucleotide sequence encoding the alpha subunit of mouse IGF-IR is highly conserved and that the receptor might play an essential role in the organogenesis of the kidney.
Validation of the Sapporo criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome

Objective To test the Sapporo criteria for the classification of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods We classified 243 consecutive patients who had clinical diagnoses of primary APS (n = 49), secondary APS (n = 26), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinical APS (n = 131), and lupus-like disease without clinical APS (n = 37). Results Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.71, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.88, respectively. False-negative findings were the result of patients being classified on the basis of minor criteria that were not included in the Sapporo criteria, such as livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, low-titer IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibody, IgA anticardiolipin antibody, and anti–β2-glycoprotein I antibody. Some patients with false-negative results were true seronegative cases. Conclusion The Sapporo criteria for APS compare favorably with the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE and are usable for clinical studies.
Influence of solvent permittivity on excited state photoisomerization rates of stilbene in n-alcohols

Abstract The dependence of the activation energy for trans-stilbene photoisomerization on solvent permittivity has been determined in n -alcohols via fits of the isomerization rates across the alcohol series at constant solvent permittivity to Kramers expression. The results of this procedure indicate that the internal barrier to isomerization in these solvents is considerably larger than that indicated by isoviscosity Arrhenius plots and predicts a strong dependence of the barrier height on temperature and alcohol chain length.
The oxidation of CO on the Pt(100)-(5 × 20) surface

Abstract The kinetics of the CO oxidation reaction were examined on the Pt(100)-(5 × 20) surface under UHV conditions. The transient isothermal rate of CO2 production was examined both for exposure of an oxygen-dosed surface to a beam of CO and for exposure of a CO-dosed surface to a beam of O2. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics were found to apply in both cases. For the reaction of CO with preadsorbed oxygen atoms, the reaction rate was dependent upon the square-root of the oxygen atom coverage, suggesting that oxygen atoms were adsorbed in islands on this surface. The oxidation of preadsorbed CO was observed only when the initial CO concentrations were less than 0.5 monolayer (c(2 × 2) structure), suggesting that the dissociative adsorption of oxygen required adjacent four-fold surface sites. The activation energy calculated for the reaction of CO with preadsorbed oxygen was 31.4 kcal/mol. This value was 30 kcal/mol greater than the activation energy measured for the reaction of O2 with preadsorbed CO. Strong attractive interactions within the oxygen islands were at least partially responsible for this difference. The reaction kinetics in both cases changed dramatically below 300 K; this change is believed to be due to phase separation at the lower temperature.
Capital and saving in a share economy

Abstract Weitzman is correct in his claim that, in long-run equilibrium, the capital stock will be identical in wage and share systems. But a corollary of Weitzman's excess demand for labor in the short run is that the firm is holding too much capital at any given moment. The reduction in demand for capital goods following a shock might create a new channel for the accelerator. A share system also exposes workers to increased capital risk.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting with polycythemia vera: A case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) usually present with headache, hemorrhage, or seizure. Erythropoietin (EPO) has demonstrated protective effects against ischemia within the CNS.
Sudden Death in Children Receiving Norpramin®: A Review of Three Reported Cases and Commentary

Abstract The 1990 "package insert" for Norpramin®, the Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., brand of desipramine, was changed to include the following statement in the Adverse Reactions section, "There has been a report of an ‘acute collapse' and ‘sudden death' in an eight-year-old (18 kg) male, treated for two years for hyperactivity. There have been additional reports of sudden death in children." The purpose of this commentary is to review what is known about the three reported cases of sudden death and to discuss the implications of these tragedies for children receiving treatment with tricyclic drugs. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1991, 30, 1:104–108.
The presence of “fetal” thymidine kinase in human tumors

Abstract We have recently discovered that human fetal thymidine kinase has physical properties clearly distinguishable from human post-natal thymidine kinase. The fetal enzyme activity appears to be related to rapid growth of fetal tissues. The same enzyme is observed in two permanent human tumor cell lines. In this report we demonstrate that several malignant human tumors contain predominantly the fetal form of thymidine kinase. It is possible that fetal gene expression of thymidine kinase may have an important relationship to altered cell growth in human adult tissues.
Brain (NA+ + K+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity and neurotransmitter uptake in alcohol-dependent rats.

Abstract Brain adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was examined in rats receiving varying doses of alcohol by inhalation of ethanol vapor for 7 days. Increased (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase activity was observed in the microsomes and, to a lesser extent, in the crude mitochondrial fraction. Gradient centrifugation of the crude mitochondrial preparation showed, however, that the increase in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was in the synaptosomes. Increased (Na+ + K+)-dependent activity could be correlated with alcohol dose, while (Mg2+)-dependent ATPase activity was not altered significantly by the alcohol inhalation treatment. The synaptosomal uptake of 4 putative neurotransmitters was also examined in brain homogenates from rats receiving the highest dose of ethanol through inhalation. Despite a 30–40% increase in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity, transmitter uptake was not enhanced. Of the putative neurotransmitters studied, the transport of norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and GABA did not change while the uptake of glutamate decreased by 16%.
Veterinary medicine on the information superhighway.

The Internet, the world's computer-networking backbone, links thousands of networks on every continent and is used by over 25 million people. This "information superhighway" is much more than its physical interconnection of computers. It is also an efficient and, convenient global interconnection of people, institutions, and businesses that facilitates communication and information exchange. It is important to understand the main communication methods and information-retrieval tools currently used on the Internet. This overview examines various Internet tools and their importance, particularly ones most useful to veterinarians and other animal-related professionals. The major Internet communication tools are those that send and receive electronic mail, connect and run programs on remote computers, transfer computer files, and search databases for information. Recently, two navigation tools, Gopher and the World Wide Web (WWW), have revolutionized ways of finding information on the Internet. Gopher uses a text-based menu of choices, whereas the WWW has a point-and click interface combining text, graphics, sound, and video. The WWW is undergoing explosive growth, both in terms of new servers and new users accessing WWW servers. In the fields of veterinary medicine and animal welfare, a similarly rapid expansion of internut resources is occurring. One experimental project to collect these resources and make them centrally available is NetVet Veterinary Resources (http:// netvet.wustl.edu/). From this site, many other veterinary. Internet services are easily located. This discussion will provide details about the Internet's communication tools and utilities and demonstrate several relevant veterinary and animal-related computer sites.
Terminal Guidance for an Unpowered Reusable Launch Vehicle with Bank Constraints

A new guidance scheme has been developed for the terminal phase of an unpowered reusable launch vehicle that has known limited bank capabilities. Reduced bank angle magnitude may be the result of actuator failures, and in such cases a vehicle will have difficulty performing the required heading change before approach and landing. A vertical guidance law controls dynamic pressure, and attempts to track the minimum dynamic pressure boundary to extend the ground track and maximize the turning rate. Lateral guidance uses a bank reversal to widen the turn radius and spiral in to a heading-alignment circle. The guidance algorithm iterates on two parameters (bank-reversal switch time and heading-alignment circle location), and selects the best values by propagating several trajectories to the desired approach and landing energy state. The effectiveness of the guidance algorithm is demonstrated by several numerical simulations, which show that the guided vehicle is able to successfully reach the desired approach and landing interface state with bank limitations as low as 18 deg.
The N-alkyl group specificity of cholinesterase from the housefly, Musca domestica L., and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius L.

Abstract Seventeen N-alkyl substituted analogues of acetylcholine were tested as substrates for cholinesterase from housefly head and two-spotted spider mite. The housefly enzyme hydrolyzed the dimethyl and diethyl alkyl analogues rapidly whereas the activity to the dipropyl and dibutyl alkyl ester was low. With the mite enzyme no clear pattern of specificity to the esters was obtained. The propylene and butylene analogues of acetylcholine were hydrolyzed differently by the enzyme from the two sources.
Organ procurement and successful transplantation after malathion poisoning.

Background: One of the major limitations to organ procurement and donation is the lack of suitable donors. As the demand for suitable organs exceeds the supply, identification of potential donors continues to evolve. Due to perceived risks of transmittable toxins and insufficient understanding of toxicological fate, poisoned patients are often overlooked as organ donors. Case Report: A 17-year-old white male was found by his mother having a seizure in bed. A strong odor of pesticides was noted and an empty container of malathion was found. He was transported to an outlying hospital and underwent prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The patient exhibited symptoms consistent with cholinergic poisoning and received a total of 12 mg of atropine and a pralidoxime bolus of 1 g followed by an infusion at 500 mg/h. Initial plasma cholinesterase was 1433 IU/L (normal 7500–14,600). The patient developed aspiration pneumonia and remained comatose. No further treatment for cholinergic toxicity was needed 5 days a...
Factors predicting short-term outcome of nerve blocks in the management of chronic pain

Abstract In order to identify those chronic pain patients unlikely to improve from nerve blocks, preadmission questionnaires of 337 patients were studied and various pre-existing factors were analyzed against short term treatment results. Factors associated with significant reductions in treatment success (P
Transgenic overexpression of SUR1 in the heart suppresses sarcolemmal KATP

The lack of pathological consequences of cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) channel gene manipulation is in stark contrast to the effect of similar perturbations in the pancreatic beta-cell. Because the pancreatic and cardiac channel share the same pore-forming subunit (Kir6.2), the different effects of genetic manipulation likely reflect, at least in part, the tissue-specific expression of the regulatory subunit (SUR1 in pancreas vs. SUR2A in heart) of the bipartite channel complex. To examine this, we have generated transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress epitope-tagged SUR1 or SUR2A under the transcriptional control of the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Western blot and real time RT-PCR analysis confirm transgene expression in the heart, and variable levels of SUR1 RNA and protein, in 16 viable founder lines. Surprisingly, activation of channels by either pharmacological agents (diazoxide and pinacidil) or metabolic inhibitors (oligomycin and 2-deoxyglucose) reveals a suppression of total K(ATP) conductance in high expressing TG mice. Moreover, K(ATP) channel activity was significantly reduced in excised cardiac patches from TG myocytes that overexpress either SUR1 or SUR2A. Using a recombinant cell system, we show that overexpression of either SUR1 or Kir6.2 suppresses the functional expression of K(ATP) from optimized dimeric SUR1-Kir6.2. Thus, the graded effect of SUR1 expression in the intact heart appears to demonstrate an in vivo requirement for 1:1 expression ratio of Kir6.2 and SURx.
The vibrational spectrum of the complex of pyridine with niobium tetrafluoride

Abstract Complexes of niobium tetrafluoride with pyridine have been prepared. Infrared and Raman spectra have been obtained where possible over the region 4000-33 cm −1 . Assignments for the octahedrally-coordinated pyridine complexes are made on the basis of the spectroscopic evidence suggesting trans , D 4 h symmetry.
An economical new process for incenter bicarbonate dialysate production: comparison with acetate in a large dialysis population.

Abstract: It is generally agreed that bicarbonate dialysate is preferable to acetate dialysate, but the major limiting factors of high cost and technical difficulty in maintaining its stability for prolonged periods preclude its widespread use. The procedure developed by the authors stabilizes bicarbonate dialysate for up to 4 days, rendering bicarbonate dialysate feasible for routine out-patient use. HCO3 dialysate is produced in our dialysis unit after an initial investment of $10,000.00, at a cost per 4-h treatment of $1.22 at a dialysate flow of 500 cc/min. One hundred fifty-one chronic dialysis patients participated in an 18-week study to evaluate clinical symptomatology when bicarbonate was substituted for acetate as the dialysis base buffer. Evaluation of each dialysis treatment (total of 8,183 treatments) consisted of both subjective and objective criteria (vomiting, angina, cramps, hypotension, and frequency of use of mannitol, hypertonic saline, and nitroglycerine). The patients were unaware of the change in dialysate solutions. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the incidence of vomiting, cramps, hypotension, nausea, flushing, and the use of mannitol and hypertonic saline during bicarbonate dialysate treatment compared with acetate dialysate. Shortness of breath, angina, mental confusion, and paresthesias were not statistically changed. Although the method of HCO3 dialysate production is associated with occasional higher bacterial count than currently recommended by AAMI standards, no adverse reactions were observed in patients treated with standard efficiency dialyzers. It is concluded that the process for incenter HCO3 production is safe, economical, and better tolerated than acetate dialysate.
Lipid Peroxidation by Microsomal Fractions Isolated from Light and Dark Muscles of Herring (Clupea harengus)

Enzymic lipid peroxidation by light and dark muscle microsomes of herring (Clupea harengus) required ATP or ADP, NADH and Fe. NADPH could not effectively replace NADH. Inhibition was observed at high concentrations of ADP and NADH but not Fe. The optimal pH for the reaction of both types of microsomes was between 6 and 7. The average peroxidation rate was 362 and 1143 nmoles MDA per mg protein per hr at 6°C for the light and dark muscle microsomes, respectively. The energy of activation for the light and dark muscle microsomes was similar. The light muscle microsomes lost activity faster than the dark muscle microsomes when exposed to 35°C. Ferrous ion stimulated enzymic lipid peroxidation of light and dark muscle microsomes over that observed with ferric ion.
The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Perceptions on Feedback‐Seeking Intentions

This paper explores the relationship between leadership style as operationalized by trans-formational/transactional leadership (Bass, 1985) and feedback-seeking behavior. Participants (n= 132) were presented with a vignette describing either a transformational or a transactional leader. Leadership style (transformational leader) was significantly related to higher feedback-seeking intentions. Further, controlling for manipulated leadership style, participants' perceptions of leader consideration behaviors resulted in higher feedback-seeking intentions. These findings suggest that not only does exposure to a certain leader affect feedback-seeking behavior, but also perceptions of certain characteristics of a leader's behavior are important. These findings explain one potential mechanism through which transformational leaders might affect the development of their subordinates and raises interesting implications for leadership coaching.
Karl Marx on the transition from feudalism to capitalism

Studies of Marx's theory of history are complicated by the fact that Marx himself never provided a systematic treatment of its central principles. As a result, the task of elaborating historical materialism has fallen to Marx's interpreters, who are required to distill its tenets from Marx's historical writings and from general statements in which he summarized his historical method. Within the last decade, this task has attracted considerable scholarly attention occasioned by Cohen's successful restoration of an orthodox version of Marx's theory that had fallen into desuetude. On this reading, historical materialism is guided by the thesis "that history is, fundamentally, the growth of human productive power, and that forms of society (which are organized around economic structures) rise and fall according as they enable and promote, or prevent and discourage, that growth"1 The most promising alternative to Cohen's interpretation is one that awards causal primacy to class and class struggle. The best treatment of this thesis is Brenner's historiography, where it guides his analysis of the transition from feudalism to capitalism in early modern Europe. 2 Brenner replaces the logic of production with the logic of exploitation at the center of his historical analysis. The relations of production and the class struggles arising from them, and not the productive forces, determine the internal composition and evolution of social formations in history. Material progress is only a by-product of the course of development of class struggle. Cohen's defense of historical materialism did not neglect Marx's emphasis on class. He sought to accommodate it, arguing that class conflict serves to facilitate major historical change, while the deeper cause of revolution lies in the autonomous tendency for the productive forces to develop throughout history. "If we want to know why class