cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short communication: Decreasing the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids increases the n-3 concentration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in weaned Holstein heifer calves

Utilization of nutrients to improve overall heifer health is of interest because of the importance of replacement heifers to the dairy industry. The objective of our study was to compare the effect of supplementation of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA) on FA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Holstein calves. Twenty-seven Holstein heifer calves (107 ± 2.6 d of age; 142.6 ± 6.5 kg of body weight) from the university research and teaching herd were randomly assigned to a common TMR supplemented with 1 of 3 treatments: Ca salts of flaxseed FA (Virtus Nutrition, Corcoran, CA) containing 35% 18:3 n-3 (N3), Ca salts of soybean FA (Virtus Nutrition) containing 50% 18:2 n-6 (N6), or a 50:50 mix of N3 and N6. Treatments were supplemented with FA at 4% of dietary dry matter and fed for 30 d. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight, wither height, and body condition score were measured weekly throughout the study. On d 28 heifers were vaccinated with a Pasteurella vaccine and the temperature response to the vaccine was recorded. Blood was collected on d 0 and 28 for PBMC isolation. After total lipid extraction and FA methyl ester preparation, FA composition of PBMC was measured. We observed no effect of treatment on body weight gain, body condition score change, or wither height change. Heifers receiving the N3 diet had a lower temperature response to Pasteurella challenge compared with both the mix and N6 diets. Heifers consuming the N3 diet had a greater content of total n-3 FA, α-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid in PBMC compared with heifers fed the N6 and mix diets. Heifers receiving the N3 diet also had a lower content of total n-6 FA, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid in PBMC than heifers fed the N6 and mix diets. In conclusion, our study determined that feeding weaned female Holstein heifers a diet high in n-3 FA increased concentrations of n-3 FA in PBMC.
Abrasive Planing with High-Speed Cutting Tools: (30,000 to 85,000 RPM)

Dermabrasion as a surgical procedure has been greatly improved by the advent of high-speed cutting tools, which are more effective, better controlled, safer to use, and produce a more satisfactory result for the patient. The tools and techniques described in this article give the dermatologist a more responsive instrument and observable procedure.
New-onset vitiligo during long-term, stable infliximab treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris

Incidents of new-onset vitiligo attributed to infliximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis have been reported. Reported cases share a common theme in that symptoms manifested in close proximity to the initiation or significant dose increase of the medication. This case describes the presentation of infliximab-induced vitiligo in a patient using it for long-term treatment of stable pityriasis rubra pilaris. The patient was initiated and titrated to a stable dose of infliximab totaling 27 months' duration. He was able to achieve near-complete resolution of symptoms before developing depigmented patches consistent with vitiligo. Infliximab was discontinued. Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and narrow-band ultraviolet B light successfully repigmented the patches. The association of discontinuing infliximab and resolution of vitiligo suggests infliximab had a role in this case. Though the mechanism of involvement is undetermined, infliximab may have induced an autoimmune process by paradoxically activating lymphocytes. Alternatively, infliximab antibodies may have led to the process by disrupting the normal balance of cytokines.
Overview of significant challenges in molecular biology amenable to computational methods

Many challenging but significant opportunities exist for the development of theoretical approaches in modern Cell and Molecular Biology. The creation of data bases which contain extremely large amounts of information has proven to be an unexpectedly important factor in gaining acceptance and respectability for theoretical work that builds on nothing more than what is in the data base itself, such as theoretical work involving the analysis of known protein structures, or the development of more powerful homology searches. Other opportunities, not yet accepted by a broad community, involve work on complex networks (metabolic, genetic, immunologic, and neural networks) and work on the “physics of how things work.” The DOE National Laboratory System represents the ideal institution that would be well suited to the role of being an “incubator” for the creation of a theoretical and computational discipline within modern biology.
Finding characteristics of exceptional breast cancer subpopulations using subgroup mining and statistical test

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer among women. With increased emphasis towards cancer related research, many data-driven research works have been conducted for classifying cancer diagnosis, survival, or recurrence. Unlike existing literature, this study aims to discover interesting subgroup patterns of long-term and short-term survival from the breast cancer incidence data of the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program. We present a rule induction method for subgroup discovery, which can effectively find subgroup patterns by focusing on local exceptionality detection in contrast to global models. The significance of subgroup patterns discovered is examined with statistical tests. Furthermore the characteristics of two exceptional high and low survival groups are compared by examining the descriptive statistics of prognostic factors in each group. The case study’s results show that the proposed subgroup mining and statistical test approach is a promising technique for clinical and medical data analytics.
Sport Participation and Specialization Characteristics Among Pediatric Soccer Athletes.

Background:Soccer is an increasingly popular sport for children and adolescents in the United States. Little is known about participation patterns related to sport specialization.Purpose:To investi...
Das Konzept des PPS-Modul-Verbundes

Die Konzepte der Produktionsplanungs- und -Steuerungssysteme mussen aufgrund der Anforderungen der Innovationsdynamik an zukunftige Produktionssysteme adaptiert und erneuert werden. Wahrend bei funktionsorientierten Produktionssystemen in der Regel monolitische PPS-Systeme eingesetzt werden, die von zentralen Planungs- und -Steuerungsstellen genutzt werden, so sind solche Systeme bei prozesorientierten Produktionssystemen in dieser Form nicht mehr einsetzbar. Prozesorientierte Produktionssysteme erfordern geanderte Produktionsplanungs- und -Steuerungskonzepte.
High Q Metasurfaces for Nonlinear Free-space Optics

We show theoretically and experimentally how high quality factor modes can be generated within dielectric metasurfaces, opening new possibilities for nonlinear freespace nanophotonics. We utilize these nonlinear metasurfaces for nanoscale nonreciprocity and neuromorphic nanophotonic networks.
Coalition Formation under Uncertainty

Many multiagent systems require allocation of agents to tasks in order to ensure successful task execution. Most systems that perform this allocation assume that the quantity of agents needed for a task is known beforehand. Coalition formation approaches relax this assumption, allowing multiple agents to be dynamically assigned. Unfortunately, many current approaches to coalition formation lack provisions for uncertainty. This prevents application of coalition formation techniques to complex domains, such as real-world robotic systems and agent domains where full state knowledge is not available. Those that do handle uncertainty have no ability to handle dynamic addition or removal of agents from the collective and they constrain the environment to limit the sources of uncertainty. A modeling approach and algorithm for coalition formation is presented that decreases the collective's dependence on knowing agent types. The agent modeling approach enforces stability, allows for arbitrary expansion of the collective, and serves as a basis for calculation of individual coalition payoffs. It explicitly captures uncertainty in agent type and allows uncertainty in coalition value and agent cost, and no agent in the collective is required to perfectly know another agents type. The modeling approach is incorporated into a two part algorithm to generate, evaluate, and join stable coalitions for task execution. A comparison with a prior approach designed to handle uncertainty in agent type shows that the protocol not only provides greater flexibility, but also handles uncertainty on a greater scale. Additional results show the application of the approach to real-world robotics and demonstrate the algorithm's scalability. This provides a framework well suited to decentralized task allocation in general collectives.
“Trinidad Is Nice, Trinidad Is a Paradise”: Navigating Negativity and Creating Love

This chapter opens with the ironic refrain from a popular satirical calypso of the 1980s to provide the backdrop for both groups of parents’ voices as they describe their efforts to adapt to a continuing context of societal negativity and absence of services. Although several parents view public attitudes as having become more positive over the period of 40 years, all present a contrast between “nice” and “not nice” aspects of the society regarding disabilities. While the parents pursue various avenues of advocacy and take action to create meaning and purpose in their children’s lives, they describe and lament the obstacles presented by both bureaucratic and unsystematic implementation of well-intentioned government policies.
Identification of the inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4) as a potential target in prostate cancer therapy

INhibitor of Growth protein 4 (ING4) is a potential chromatin modifier that has been implicated in several cancer-related processes. However, the role of ING4 in prostate cancer (PC) is largely unknown. This study aimed to assess ING4’s role in global transcriptional regulation in PC cells to identify potential cellular processes associated with ING4 loss. RNA-Seq using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify altered genes in LNCaP PC cells following ING4 depletion. Ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA®) was applied to the data to highlight candidates, ING4-regulated pathways, networks and cellular processes. Selected genes were validated using RT-qPCR. RNA-Seq of LNCaP cells revealed a total of 159 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ − 1.5, FDR ≤ 0.05) following ING4 knockdown. RT-qPCR used to validate the expression level of selected genes was in agreement with RNA-Seq results. Key genes, unique pathways, and biological networks were identified using IPA® analysis. This is the first report of global gene regulation in PC cells by ING4. The resultant differential expression profile revealed the potential role of ING4 in PC pathogenesis possibly through modulation of key genes, pathways and biological networks that are central drivers of the disease. Collectively, these findings shed light on a novel transcriptional regulator of PC that ultimately may influence the disease progression and as a potential target in the disease therapy.
A role for familiarity in supporting the testing effect over time.

Abstract Endel Tulving (1985) drew a distinction between Remembering and Knowing, spurring a great deal of research on the memorial experiences of recollection and familiarity and their contribution to various phenomena in memory. More recently, studies have used this distinction to situate our understanding of the processes that contribute to the testing effect—or, the benefit of retrieval practice to later memory (see also Tulving, 1967). Using retention intervals of approximately 15 min or less between initial and final testing, several studies have found that initial testing magnifies estimates of recollection but not familiarity, regardless of whether a testing effect is revealed in overall recognition performance (Chan and McDermott, 2007). However, the efficacy of prior testing in enhancing memory has been shown to change over time, as have estimates of recollection and familiarity. Thus, the mechanisms that underlie the quintessential testing effect—one that occurs in overall recognition or recall over longer delays—are still uncertain. To investigate this issue, in two experiments, subjects studied word lists, took 3-letter stem cued-recall tests on half of the studied words, and completed a final recognition test in which estimates of recollection and familiarity were obtained via confidence (Experiment 1) or Remember-Know-New (Experiment 2) judgments. Critically, final recognition tests occurred either immediately, 1 day (Experiment 1 only), or 4 days after initial learning. At all retention intervals and in both methods of estimating recollection and familiarity on the final test (i.e. receiver-operating characteristic and remember-know analyses), initial testing magnified estimates of both recollection and familiarity. These findings suggest that the testing effect can result from changes in both processes and pose issues for theories of the testing effect that consider an exclusive role for recollection.
Prevalence of and Associations With Distress and Professional Burnout Among Otolaryngologists: Part II, Attending Physicians.

ObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and associations with distress and professional burnout among academic otolaryngology attending physicians.Study DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwelve U...
Construction Site Fire Safety Using BIM and Virtual Reality

Due to the dynamic nature of a construction job site, it is challenging to ensure safe operations and avoid accidents. It is imperative to provide/facilitate effective safety workshop/training programs, especially for new employees to familiarize them with the existing hazardous situations on site and ways to address them. Although various visualization techniques were investigated in the past in other industries, their implementation in the construction industry with an emphasis on site safety is still in its infancy. This paper provides the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) in improving the current scenario of safety in the construction industry, with a particular emphasis on fire safety. This work deals with a combined approach of BIM and VR technologies. These technologies are linked together to develop an immersive environment that provides access to critical locations in case of an emergency such as, the location of fire extinguishers, and exit route for emergency evacuation. This paper investigates the potential of site safety and emergency response management in the construction industry.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders which involve the corticospinal tracts and present with distinct spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities. The estimated prevalence of HSP is around 1.8/100,000 cases for both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types. Classification of HSP is based on inheritance pattern, clinical phenotype, and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. The most common neuropathological sign is the axonal degeneration involving the lateral corticospinal tracts in both the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. The target of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the HSP classification, neuropathology, and differential diagnosis.
Eclipse-Conscious Transfer to Lunar Gateway Using Ephemeris-Driven Terminal Coast Arcs

A novel methodology is proposed for designing low-thrust trajectories to quasi-periodic, near-rectilinear Halo orbits that leverages ephemeris-driven, “invariant manifold analogs” as long-duration ...
Subsidiarity in State-Local Relations

In this paper, we build upon earlier research on second order devolution and subsidiarity in state-local functions and expenditures. Our focus here is on second order devolution and policy outcomes. Do centralized state services produce different outcomes than decentralized services? We attempt to provide preliminary answers to this question through multivariate models that incorporate major state-local service outcomes as dependent variables. We find that a state’s embrace of subsidiarity affects governmental performance in some instances, although not in a consistent manner.
Radiation shielding for TFTR DT diagnostics

The authors illustrate the designs of radiation shielding for the TFTR DT diagnostics using the ACX and TVTS systems as specific examples. The main emphasis here is on the radiation transport analyses carried out in support of the designs. Initial results from the DT operation indicate that the diagnostics have been functioning as anticipated and the shielding designs are satisfactory. The experience accumulated in the shielding design for the TFTR DT diagnostics should be useful and applicable to future devices, such as TPX and ITER, where many similar diagnostic systems are expected to be used.
Survey of “emerging contaminants” in U.S. streams indicates need for further research

The first nationwide reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in U.S. streams has found one or more targeted compounds in 80% of the streams sampled. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study, released on 13 March, detected 82 of 95 specific compounds in the 139 streams sampled. Herbert Buxton, coordinator of the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, which conducted the study, said, “This is the first hard environmental occurrence information on a large number of environmental compounds on which we did not have information before.” Buxton said the findings may aid research on potential human and ecological effects from these compounds and on understanding in what concentrations the compounds occur individually and in combinations.
Weakly coupled metastable graviton

A graviton of a nonzero mass and decay width propagates five physical polarizations. The question of interactions of these polarizations is crucial for viability of models of massive/metastable gravity. This question is addressed in the context of the DGP model of a metastable graviton. First, we argue that the well-known breakdown of a naive perturbative expansion at a low scale is an artifact of the weak-field expansion itself. Then, we propose a different expansion\char22{}the constrained perturbation theory\char22{}in which the breakdown does not occur and the theory is perturbatively tractable all the way up to its natural ultraviolet cutoff. In this approach the couplings of the extra polarizations to matter and their self-couplings appear to be suppressed and should be neglected in measurements at subhorizon scales. The model reproduces results of General Relativity at observable distances with high accuracy, while predicting deviations from them at the present day horizon scale.
Olympic Beijing: Reflections on Urban Space and Global Connectivity

This essay examines the urban legacies of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The impact of the Olympics is not only confined to media coverage and city branding effects, but can also be located in the intensified global connectivity reshaping urban spaces in Beijing. Focusing on art space, heritage space, and new state space (i.e. state-sponsored mega-projects), this article traces intertwining global and local connections forged in the arts, preservation and infrastructure development that have integrated Beijing closely into the global city network. Although these processes would have occurred without the games, the 2008 Olympics, as a socio-political ritual with important economic implications, has intensified the magnitude of global connectivity of Beijing. The spatial production of Olympic Beijing also reveals the conflicted urban legacies of the games, as seen in the commercialization of art districts, gentrification of historic neighbourhoods, and solidification of state power by use of new architectural m...
Elite Consensus and Democracy

TN THE RECENT PAST elite theory has usually been associated with I writers such as Mosca, Pareto, and Michels, who had little affinity for democracy. Today this is no longer the case. It is not now uncommon for proponents of democracy to hold that the health, if not the survival of democratic society is dependent upon the guidance of an elite. For example, David Truman argues that the continuing existence of the democratic process depends on the "consensus of elites" as a necessary basis upon which established elites can repulse the attempts of demagogues to subvert the system.' In his recent discussion of the corporation, A. A. Berle, Jr. contends that corporate power must, in the last analysis, be held accountable to elite groups.2 Despite his vigorous attack against the "power elite," C. Wright Mills does not advocate that it should be radically disturbed. Instead he argues that the "power elite" must be made responsible to the humanizing force of an intellectual elite.3 These three men are in different areas of social science and in some major respects their positions are fundamentally in conflict, but, at the same time, their theories provide striking similarities on the relationship of elites and democracy. The three are deeply concerned with the present state of American democratic society, agreeing that substantial change is required as a means to preserve or strengthen it. Further, not one oif the three advocates dismantling of the power elites which each, in a different way, believes to exist. Truman relies upon the "intervening structure of elites" to save the democratic system. Mills views the existing structure of the "power elite" as an opportunity unique in history for man to determine his own fate. Berle's high regard for the productive machine of capitalism leads to his favorable disposition toward the power of the relatively few men who are instrumental in its direction. Moreover,
Multiple Pathways of Spx (YjbD) Proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis

ATP-dependent proteases degrade denatured or misfolded proteins and are recruited for the controlled removal of proteins that block activation of regulatory pathways. Among the ATP-dependent proteases, those of the Clp family are particularly important for the growth and development of Bacillus subtilis. Proteolytic subunit ClpP, together with regulatory ATPase subunit ClpC or ClpX, is required for the normal response to stress, for development of genetic competence, and for sporulation. The spx (formally yjbD) gene was previously identified as a site of mutations that suppress defects in competence conferred by clpP and clpX. The level of Spx in wild-type cells grown in competence medium is low, and that in clpP mutants is high. This suggests that the Spx protein is a substrate for ClpP-containing proteases and that accumulation of Spx might be partly responsible for the observed pleiotropic phenotype resulting from the clpP mutation. In this study we examined, both in vivo and in vitro, which ClpP protease is responsible for degradation of Spx. Western blot analysis showed that Spx accumulated in clpX mutant to the same level as that observed in the clpP mutant. In contrast, a very low concentration of Spx was detected in a clpC mutant. An in vitro proteolysis experiment using purified proteins demonstrated that Spx was degraded by ClpCP but only in the presence of one of the ClpC adapter proteins, MecA or YpbH. However, ClpXP, either in the presence or in the absence of MecA and YpbH, was unable to degrade Spx. Transcription of spx, as measured by expression of spx-lacZ, was slightly increased by the clpX mutation. To exclude a possible effect of clpX and clpP on spx transcription, the spx gene was placed under the control of the IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible Pspac promoter. In this strain, Spx accumulated when ClpX or ClpP was absent, suggesting that ClpX and ClpP are required for degradation of Spx. Taken together, these results suggest that Spx is degraded by both ClpCP and ClpXP. The putative proteolysis by ClpXP might require another adapter protein. Spx probably is degraded by ClpCP under as yet unidentified conditions. This study suggests that the level of Spx is tightly controlled by two different ClpP proteases.
A Systematic Model For Curriculum Development

Curriculum development is not a simple process, says this writer, who encourages the use of a systematic curriculum de velopment model. Such a model is provided here.
Adelic version of Margulis arithmeticity theorem

We generalize Margulis's S-arithmeticity theorem to the case when S can be taken as an infinite set of primes. Let R be the set of all primes including infinite one \(\infty\) and set \({mathbb Q}_{\infty}={\mathbb R}\). Let S be any subset of R. For each \(p\in S\), let \(G_p\) be a connected semisimple adjoint \({mathbb Q}_p\)-group and \(D_p\subset G_p({\mathbb Q}_p)\) be a compact open subgroup for each finite prime \(p\in S\). Let \((G_S, D_p)\) denote the restricted topological product of \(G_p({\mathbb Q}_{p})\)'s, \(p\in S\) with respect to \(D_p\)'s. Note that if S is finite, \((G_S, D_p)=\prod_{p\in S}G_p({\mathbb Q} _{p})\). We show that if \(\sum_{p\in S}\text{rank}_{ {\mathbb Q}_{p}}(G_p)\geq 2\), any irreducible lattice in \((G_S, D_p)\) is a rational lattice. We also present a criterion on the collections \(G_p\) and \(D_p\) for \((G_S, D_p)\) to admit an irreducible lattice. In addition, we describe discrete subgroups of \((G_{\mathbb A}, D_p)\) generated by lattices in a pair of opposite horospherical subgroups.
Gender and social‐class coding in popular photographic erotica

This study examines editorial photography in nine major erotica magazines to determine how pictures vary as a function of the social class, gender and sexual preference of the intended readership. The analysis reveals that upwardly‐mobile, heterosexual men are treated to idealized images, whereas working‐class, heterosexual men are presented with more mundane yet highly‐sexualized images. Heterosexual women are provided with photographs of nude males in a low‐sexual context. Magazines for homosexual men present images, except for gender, very similar to those created for upwardly‐mobile, heterosexual men. These patterns are discussed from a functionalist perspective to show how erotica magazines contribute to social‐order maintenance.
Are More Trials Really the Answer? Putting Behavioral Equipoise in Check

In their article, Drs. Ubel and Silbergleit (2011) present “behavioral equipoise” as a supplement to the notion of clinical equipoise (CE) as it pertains to the justification for conducting randomi...
Photoaffinity ligands for the mu opioid receptor.

Abstract Two affinity ligands, 6β-(5-Azido-2-nitrophenacetamido)14β-hydroxy-7,8-dihydromorphinone ( 4 ) and 6β-(5-azido-2-nitrophenacetamido)14β-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-N-cyclopropylmethylnormorphinone ( 5 ) bind reversibly to opioid receptors present in bovine caudate membranes and photolyse in a range of wavelengths centered about 366 nm to produce wash-resistant binding to the μ receptor. At these wavelengths very little if any photodestruction of the μ receptors occurs over the 20 minute period of irradiation at 0°C.
Flame spread over horizontal surfaces of polymethylmethacrylate

The U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted a large-scale study to determine the horizontal flame spread rates over the top surface of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheets. This study is part of the Bureau's program to gain a better understanding of the fire propagation of combustible materials in ventilated mine entries. The experiments were performed in a fire gallery at airflows of 0.80, 1.4, and 3.8 m s −1 with samples 9.75 m long by 1.07 m wide by 6.35 mm thick. The PMMA sheets were placed on top of 12.5-mm-thick calcium silicate boards and the upstream edge ignited with a 1 liter heptane tray fire. Pyrolysis front spread rates were calculated from temperature measurements obtained from thermocouples mounted with their beads about 1 mm above the PMMA surface and spaced along the centerline. Gas temperatures and average downstream concentrations of CO, CO 2 , and O 2 were also measured and peak heat release rates estimated. The experimentally measured pyrolysis front rates of 6±2 cm s −1 were essentially independent of airflow, and are an order of magnitude higher than those of large-scale experiments reported by other investigators whose sample lengths were too limited. These largescale spread rates are also about three orders of magnitude greater than those measured in small-scale studies where laminar flow and diffusion control the pyrolysis front rate. The rapid pyrolysis front rates reported here give good agreement with theoretical predictions based on a radiation dominated heat transfer mechanism from an optically thick flame plume, a realistic ignition temperature and physical properties for the PMMA solid.
Spelling dyslexia: a form of cross-cuing.

Abstract A patient with spelling dyslexia maintained the ability to write, spell, and pronounce spelled nonsense words and words that require knowledge of orthographic rules of language. He was unable to perform grapheme-phoneme conversions except after naming the letter involved. We propose that he uses a letter-naming strategy to circumvent the disconnection of visual areas from the area of visual word images and that his letter-naming strategy represents a compensatory cross-cuing strategy.
Sub-Continuum Simulations of Heat Conduction in Silicon-on-Insulator Transistors

The temperature rise in sub-micrometer silicon devices is predicted at present by solving the heat diffusion equation based on the Fourier law. The accuracy of this approach needs to be carefully examined for semiconductor devices in which the channel length is comparable with or smaller than the phonon mean free path. The phonon mean free path in silicon at room temperature is near 300 nm and exceeds the channel length of contemporary transistors. This work numerically integrates the two-dimensional phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) within the silicon region of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistor. The BTE is solved together with the classical heat diffusion equation in the silicon dioxide layer beneath the transistor. The predicted peak temperature rise is nearly 160 percent larger than a prediction using the heat diffusion equation for the entire domain. The disparity results both from phonon-boundary scattering and from the small dimensions of the region of strongest electron-phonon energy transfer. This work clearly shows the importance of sub-continuum heat conduction in modern transistors and will facilitate the development of simpler calculation strategies, which are appropriate for commercial device simulators.
Cluster model analysis of late rectal bleeding after IMRT of prostate cancer: A case–control study

Purpose: Cluster models are newly developed normal-tissue complication probability models in which the spatial aspects of radiation-induced injury are taken into account by considering the size of spatially contiguous aggregates of damaged tissue units. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of a two-dimensional cluster model of late rectal toxicity based on maximum cluster size of damage to rectal surface. Methods and Materials: A paired case–control study was performed in which each of 9 patients experiencing Grade 2 or higher late rectal toxicity after intensity-modulated radiation therapy of localized prostate cancer was paired with a patient having a similar rectal dose–surface histogram but free of rectal toxicity. Numeric simulations were performed to determine the distribution of maximum cluster size on each rectal surface for each of many different choices of possible model parameters. Results: Model parameters were found for which patients with rectal toxicity were consistently more likely to have a significantly larger mean maximum cluster size than their matched controls. These parameter values correspond to a 50% probability of tissue-unit damage at doses near 30 Gy. Conclusions: This study suggests that a cluster model based on maximum cluster size of damage to rectal surface successfully incorporates spatial information beyond that contained in the rectal dose–surface histogram and may therefore provide a useful new tool for predicting rectal normal-tissue complication probability after radiotherapy.
Factors affecting release of butylate from calcium ion-modified starch-borate matrices

Abstract Controlled release of the herbicide butylate [S-ethyl-bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] from a starch-borate matrix was modified by incorporating calcium chloride during the matrix-forming step. The addition of calcium chloride, known to be a starch-complexing agent, before borate addition caused the release of butylate to be slower than with borate alone. Varying the amounts of calcium chloride added gave a series of products with different butylate release rates. Varying the pH during product preparation also influenced butylate release. Re-evaluation of butylate release after storing the products for several months indicated the starch had undergone additional retrogradation, since butylate release decreased by 10–30% over that measured originally. Drying freshly prepared samples in an oven (130°C for 90 min) vs air drying (25° C for 24 h) causes a moderate slowing of butylate release. The ability to vary herbicide release rates will serve as a basis for producing starch-encapsulated herbicides for particular end uses.
Industry innovation: where and why

Abstract Productivity growth and RD in equilibrium firms spend more on R&D per innovation. In contrast, technological opportunities are exploited to the point that R&D spent on the marginal innovation is equal across industries. Using data on R&D, productivity growth, and new products I find that R&D-intensive industries have fewer new products per dollar of R&D and average TFP growth relative to researchintensity. The market size and technological opportunity hypotheses together can explain these facts.
Probabilistic Analysis of Geometric Uncertainty Effects on Blade-Alone Forced Response

This paper investigates the effect of manufacturing variations on the blade-alone forced response of a transonic low aspect ratio fan. A simulated set of coordinate measurement machine measurements from a single rotor, representative of actual manufacturing variations, are used to investigate geometric effects. A reduced order model is developed to rapidly solve for the forced response and is based on eigensensitivity analysis and dynamic response mode superposition. An approximation error analysis is conducted to quantify accuracy of the new tool and errors between approximate and full finite element analysis solutions are shown to be small for low order modes with some high order modes having moderate error. A study of the simulated measured blade results show a significant amount of forced response variation along the leading edge of the airfoil. Statistics from this simulated measured rotor are used with Monte Carlo sampling to generate random blades realizations that are solved with the reduced order model. This procedure allows the prediction of the variation across an entire fleet of blades from a small sample of blades. The large variations predicted, up to 40%, could have a significant impact of the blade design process including the procedures to account for foreign object damage damage tolerance, how non-intrusive stress measurement systems are used, and how mistuning prediction algorithms are validated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Using network traffic to infer power levels in wireless sensor nodes

In this paper we leverage the concept of information leakage to demonstrate the correlation between network traffic and available power levels in wireless sensor nodes brought about as a result of dynamic duty cycling. We show that this correlation can be used to remotely infer sensor node power levels. Essentially, our premise is that by determining the send rate of a wireless sensor node the current duty cycle mode and thus available power level of the node can be inferred. Our scheme, namely Power Efficient Path Selection (PEPS), is motivated by the fact that dynamic duty cycling attempts to streamline power usage in wireless sensor nodes by decreasing radio usage, which directly affects the node's network traffic send rate. PEPS is an enhancement to the shortest path algorithm that allows us to 1) reduce the volume of periodic messages since the energy level of neighboring nodes and their statuses are inferred rather than communicated via control packets, and 2) extend the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) through the selection of energy-aware communication paths. We demonstrate the performance and feasibility of PEPS through simulation and comparative study with the traditional Shortest Path algorithm. The results indicate significant energy savings and the extension of the lifetime of the wireless sensor network when PEPS is employed.
Correlation techniques for estimating pesticide volatilization flux and downwind concentrations

Because of growing concerns over the potential risks from exposure to airborne pesticides that have acute and chronic human and ecological health impacts, information on concentrations in air downwind of emission sources is being increasingly required, especially in populated areas. A simple and cost-effective approach to estimating downwind air concentrations from emissions was developed by relating physicochemical properties of various pesticides and other organics with their published volatilization rates (flux) from treated soil, plant foliage, and water. The resulting set of ln−ln correlations was used to estimate flux for pesticides with known physicochemical properties. These estimated flux values were used as source strengths in the EPA's SCREEN-2 dispersion model to calculate downwind concentrations near treated fields for time periods soon after application. Using estimated flux values for carbofuran, oxydemeton-methyl, methidathion, azinphos-methyl, and molinate, downwind concentrations were ca...
Subsurface polishing damage of fused silica: nature and effect on laser damage of coated surfaces

The nature of subsurface damage incurred during polishing of fused silica varies greatly with the polishing process. Although subsurface damage is known to lower laser damage thresholds for fused silica surfaces1''2 the effect on thresholds of coated dielectric surfaces has not been previously documented. This study describes features of subsurface damage due to polishing by ten commercial fabricators and compares laser damage thresholds of a high reflection coating on these surfaces.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Conformable patch antenna design for remote health monitoring

In this paper we present a design of a nanostructured conformable patch antenna array and full system level radio design that could be integrated with the conformable antenna. The proposed system designed specifically for biomedical applications can be used to provide real time remote health monitoring thus improving patient quality of life. CNT-polymer nanocomposite antenna is designed on cotton dielectric that resonate at 2.45 GHz on a 1.57 mm thick substrate with e r =1.6. To demonstrate antenna performance in dynamic environment the antenna array was bent outward on a 17mm radius of curvature. All antenna parameters such as VSWR, return loss, gain and radiation pattern meet the design criteria. Our simulated antenna shows a return loss less than -10 dB and VSWR less than 2 at 2.06 GHz, 2.38 GHz and 2.49 GHz.
Carbaryl residues in bees, honey, and bee bread following exposure to carbaryl via the food supply

Laboratory caged bees, as well as bee colonies under field conditions, were fed carbaryl-containing food solutions. A short 10-hour study reveals that the amount of the pesticide chemical residue found in bees compares quite closely with the amount consumed, even though the amount of carbaryl residue found is less than 3 per cent of the total amount of carbaryl consumed after the first 3 hours of feeding. The 10-hour study also shows that several hours can elapse before bees succumb to the pesticide chemical contaminant present in their food supply. In a long-term feeding study, bees were fed carbaryl-fortified solutions for 56 days after which time the bees were fed carbaryl-free solutions. Carbaryl residue found in honey appears to be quite stable and its level even increases with time; however, the primary cause for the increase is believed to be evaporation of the water from the honey stored in the colony. The carbaryl residue content of bee bread correlates well with the amount of residue found in the bees and it occurs in more concentrated levels than in honey throughout the 56-day period. The amount of carbaryl in bees decreases following the termination of the carbaryl fortification but detectable amounts of carbaryl residue are found at low levels, even up to 64 days later. The minimum detectable level of carbaryl residue in bee bread and honey was <0.001 ppm and <0.0005 ppm in bees.
Investigation of Material Deformation by the High-Speed Water Slugs

Water constitutes an attractive manufacturing tool It is readily available and clean. The waterjets are conventionally used for surface cleaning, material removal, and surface modification. The intrinsic shortcomings of such an application are the need in the use of expensive and heavy pumping facilities and, what are more important, peculiarities of the waterjet-substrate interaction which limit material deformation by the incoming jet. These shortcomings are eliminated if the workpiece is impacted by the array of the water slugs, generated by the direct injection of high-intensity energy pulses into the water vessel (barrel) and ejection the portion of the water via the nozzle attached into the barrel. Such a device (barrel-nozzle combination) will constitute an effective and versatile manufacturing tool. Understanding of the phenomena that occur in the course of the energy injection into the water is necessary for the design of the desired device. The phenomena in question are determined by the ratio between the speed of the water in the barrel in the course of the energy injection and the speed of the shock waves in the water. If this ratio is much less than unity, the exit velocity is determined by the ratio between the cross section areas of the nozzle exit and the barrel. If the ratio in question approaches the unity, the water velocity at the nozzle exit is determined by the impact pressure. The device utilizing this principle is termed the water extruder. If however, the ratio is much more than unity the exit water velocity is determined by the superposition of shock waves developed in the fluid. This device termed the water cannon is able to accelerate the water slug to the speed far exceeding 1,000 m/sec. The numerical and experimental studies of water extruder were carried out. The numerical models were constructed and the variation of the water velocity and the water pressure in the barrel were investigated. Experimental setup for the study of the water extruder was constructed by the modification of Remington power tool. The experiments involved the piercing of metal strips. The effect of operational conditions on the maximal depth of the piecing was determined. Another series of experiments involved the study of the slug impact on plastic (lead) and brittle (concrete) materials. The effect of the stand off distance on the removal of both kinds of material was investigated. As the result the suggestions about the way of construction of the water extruders and their practical applications were made.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Dental Management of Patients with Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Many dental patients have obstructive pulmonary disease, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma. These diseases have different etiologies but may have overlapping signs and symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment are becoming more sophisticated so that morbidity and mortality are improving. Most dental patients with these morbidity and mortality are improving. Most dental patients with these disease can be treated safely with only minor adjustments to procedures. Cigarette smoking is a common risk factor that dental health care providers can address with a simple program called the five A's.
Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita with Terminal Transverse Limb Defects

ABSTRACT. We describe a girl with clinical and histopathological manifestations characteristic of Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita (CMTC) associated with Terminal Transverse Limb Defects (TTLD). In contrast to previous reports on this rare syndrome, no cutaneous atrophy or aplasia was evident in our patient.
Bilateral mixed density lesions in the body of the mandible

A patient with actinomycosis involving the right and left body of the mandible is reported. Such a diagnosis, although not common, should be considered when formulating a differential diagnosis of such mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesions. Proper collection of a specimen, transplant, and culture under anaerobic conditions is imperative if a laboratory diagnosis is to be made. A biopsy, yielding the characteristic histopathological features of actinomycosis infection, is frequently adequate for diagnosis and treatment.
Worksite Disease Management Programs for Depression

Disease management has the potential to make great improvements in the treatment of depressive disorders, yielding benefits for both the patients receiving treatment and their employers. This review of the medical and business literature found that this potential is still largely untapped, with few existing disease management programs for depression and only one with a published, peer-reviewed evaluation. However, there is a large evidence base for potential components of a disease management program from the academic literature on quality improvement for depression treatment. The business literature documents several employer responses to depressive disorders aside from traditional disease management including stress reduction and Wellness programs, depression education programs, Employee Assistance Programs, and disability claim management. This review finds evidence of substantial costs of this illness in the workplace, particularly the indirect costs of reduced productivity, and potential strategies for employers to reduce these costs.
Pompe's Disease: Electromyographic, Electron Microscopic, and Cardiovascular Aspects

GENERALIZED glycogen storage disease (Pompe's disease or type II glycogenosis) is a fatal disease characterized during life by marked generalized muscular hypotonia, plus central nervous system and myocardial dysfunction. The disease process is due to, or at least associated with an absence of alpha 1-4 glucosidase (acid maltase), apparently inherited as an autosomal recessive gene.1,2No effective therapy has been devised, although attempts have been made to administer acid maltase to affected infants.3This paper presents electromyographic, electron microscopic, and cardiovascular data from one patient with generalized glycogenosis. Electromyographic changes in an appropriate clinical setting are strongly suggestive of this disease. Report of a Case The patient was an adopted white male child whose family history was unknown. He appeared to be a normal infant until age 31/2 months, at which time he began to feed poorly. A chest roentgenogram obtained at this time Fig 1.— Electromyographic findings