cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiographic follow-up of infants and children undergoing percutaneous carotid artery interventions.

Objective The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes following the percutaneous carotid arterial (PCA) approach in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Background PCA access is becoming more commonly adopted following reports demonstrating it is a safe alternative to surgical carotid cutdown and even the femoral arterial route. However, follow-up outcomes after PCA remain unreported. Methods We reviewed all cases with PCA access and follow-up catheterizations which included carotid artery (CA) angiography between May 2012 until December 2016. We examined for evidence of CA stenosis at follow-up angiography and assessed any other CA complications associated with vascular access. Results There were 61 PCA catheterizations performed in 55 unique patients. Follow-up CA imaging with angiography was available in 43 patients (78%, 43/55). There was no vessel stenosis nor lumen irregularity in 28 (65%) patients. In 15 cases (35%), there was a mild degree of irregularity or narrowing by angiography (median 4.1%, range 2.3%-12.5%). Nine patients underwent repeat PCA catheterizations. Seven of these had no visible vascular stenosis on follow-up angiographic imaging, including a patient who was accessed three separate times from the CA. No statistically significant risk factors for developing mild CA stenosis were identified. Conclusions PCA access for pediatric interventional catheterization appears to be safe with a very low rate of mild stenosis, and very few complications. Follow-up outcomes in our series are excellent, with a CA patency rate of 100%, even after multiple procedures. Mild CA stenosis was not associated with patient size or sheath introducer caliber. While the acute results from percutaneous CA catheterization have proven safe in recent literature, longer-term outcomes remain unreported. At our institution, the outcomes following percutaneous carotid access are associated with an excellent patency rate of 100%, even after multiple procedures on the same vessel. A low incidence of mild vessel stenosis can be appreciated on follow-up angiography.
Folate Receptor Near-Infrared Optical Imaging Provides Sensitive and Specific Intraoperative Visualization of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas.

BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the primary treatment for nonfunctional (NF) pituitary adenomas, but gross-total resection is difficult to achieve in all cases. NF adenomas overexpress folate receptor alpha (FRα). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that we could target FRα for highly sensitive and specific intraoperative detection of NF adenomas using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. METHODS Fourteen patients with NF pituitary adenoma were infused with the folate analog NIR dye OTL38 preoperatively. NIR fluorescence signal-to-background ratio (SBR) was recorded for each tumor during resection of the adenomas. Extent of surgery was not modified based on the presence or absence of fluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess FRα expression in all specimens. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed postoperatively to assess residual neoplasm. RESULTS Nine adenomas overexpressed FRα and fluoresced with a NIR SBR of 3.2 ± 0.52, whereas the 5 non-FRα-overexpressing adenomas fluoresced with an SBR of 1.5 ± 0.21. Linear regression demonstrated a significant correlation between intraoperative SBR and the FRα expression (P-value < .001). Analysis of 14 margin samples revealed that the surgeon's impression of the tissue had 83% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 89% negative predictive value, while NIR fluorescence had 100% for all values. NIR fluorescence accurately predicted postoperative MRI results in 78% of FRα-overexpressing patients. CONCLUSION Preoperative injection of folate-tagged NIR dye provides strong signal and visualization of NF pituitary adenomas. It is 100% sensitive and specific for detecting margin neoplasm and can predict postoperative MRI findings. Our results suggest that NIR fluorescence may be superior to white-light visualization alone and may improve resection rates in NF pituitary adenomas.
The Destruction of Toxic Aqueous Organic Compounds by H2O2/Fe++/UV/O2

Improved environmental performance continues to grow in importance to industry. We have been examining thermal and photochemical oxidation processes for the treatment of dilute aqueous organic wastes that are either generated in the course of chemical manufacturing or exist in contaminated groundwaters. Most of our work has focused on advanced oxidation processes1 which employ oxidants and catalysts and depend to some degree on the in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH). Our program has involved: a) laboratory and treatability studies on model and actual wastewaters that compare chemical oxidation technologies, explore oxidation mechanisms, and utilize experimental designs aimed at delineating important parameters; b) pilot-scale field demonstrations on industrial streams and c) economic and engineering evaluations including comparisons with base technologies such as carbon adsorption and air or stream stripping/abatement. We have examined Fenton oxidation (Fe/H2O2), UV photochemical oxidation (UV/H2O2, UV/Fe/H2O2 and UV/ozone) and semiconductor (TiO2) photocatalytic oxidation. Herein, we report on our investigations of the photochemically driven oxidation of a number of model aromatic wastes using iron catalysts, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen. The goal of this work is to compare relative efficiencies of destruction, delineate the important factors that control destruction efficiencies and elucidate reaction mechanisms. We have chosen to focus on aromatic compounds because they react rapidly with hydroxyl radicals2 and also have uv absorptions which allow one to follow the course of their disappearance.
Cognitive company discovery

Cognitive Company Discovery is an application that helps business professionals identify companies of interest to them. The application employs a variety of artificial intelligence and data science techniques to build a corpus of company data, rapidly search the corpus based on implicit and explicit user queries, present the results using visualization techniques that yield insight into areas of interest to the user and to scan vast amounts of news and blog posts to aid users in discovering new companies. The application is currently deployed in a major corporation. A video that demonstrates our system can be found at the following URL: https://player.vimeo.com/video/278031050
The social life of DNA: racial reconciliation and institutional morality after the genome

This 2017 British Journal of Sociology Lecture builds upon ideas developed in The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation after the Genome (Nelson 2016). I argue that one of the more significant developments of the postgenomic era is the circulation of DNA analysis outside of the life sciences, especially commercial applications such as direct-to-consumer genealogical testing. These tests are increasingly taken up in 'reconciliation projects' - endeavours in which DNA analysis is put to the use of repairing the past, including a recently launched attempt in the United States to locate descendants of enslaved persons sold by the Jesuit stewards of Georgetown College in order to bolster that institution's finances. With this reconciliation project, genetic genealogy has become a vehicle for a form of social repair, and most particularly, the reuniting of 'lost' kin. This use of genetic genealogy takes place against the backdrop of an expanding, national inquiry into ties between education and slavery. In the process, the legacy of racial slavery is rendered both contemporary and proximate, despite a 'colour-blind' racial project that aims to negate the significance of this history and its coeval development with US higher education. Elite educational institutions such as Georgetown that elect to excavate these histories are soon after faced with the choice of how to respond, on campus and beyond, to revelations of entanglements between edification and bondage. However imperfectly, colleges and universities are among the few institutional settings where the contested issue of structural racism (and remedies to it) may be aired. It is in these fraught debates that the exercise of 'institutional morality' can take shape; organizations engage in practices that articulate institutional values and are faced with a choice of symbolic and distributional responses.
CD8-positive lymphomatoid papulosis (type D): Some lesions may lack CD30 expression and overlap histologically with mycosis fungoides.

Background CD8+ lymphomatoid papulosis is frequently indistinguishable histopathologically from primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T-cell lymphoma except for the expression of CD30. However, absent or weak expression of CD30 has been rarely reported in cases of CD8+ LyP. Objective We aim to study the clinical and pathologic features of cases of CD8+ LyP with no or minimal expression of CD30. Material and methods We identified all cases of CD8+ LyP diagnosed in our institution over a period of 10 years. Blinded comparison of clinical and histopathologic features of cases with and without CD30 expression was performed. Results Among seven cases (four patients) with definitive clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of CD8+ LyP, two cases (29%) had no expression of CD30. These two cases had more prominent epidermotropism, less epidermal ulceration, and less vascular damage relative to cases with CD30 expression and therefore resembled mycosis fungoides and type B LyP. CD5 and CD7 were frequently lost regardless of the CD30 status. Expression of cytotoxic markers was not different between the two groups. In the two cases with lack of CD30 expression, subsequent biopsies showed classic features of CD8+ LyP with strong expression of CD30. Conclusion CD8+ LyP with lack of expression of CD30 may have distinct histopathologic features that resemble mycosis fungoides and LyP type B. Clinically, they are indistinguishable from their CD30+ counterparts, signifying the importance of clinical correlation to avoid the erroneous diagnosis of lymphoma. Interval biopsies may be needed to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Quantitative Falsification for Qualitative Findings: Falsifying an Ethnographic Theory of American Public Discourse on Nuclear Waste With Text Mining in R:

How can ethnographic theories that are qualitative and interpretive in nature also be scientific? This article puts forth an illustrative answer: It employs quantitative text mining methods to fals...
The Role of the Nurse in Quality Improvement and Patient Safety

The role of nurses as health professionals var-greatly throughout the world. What is constant for all nurses is that the nursing profession is expected and committed to serve society and provide high quality and safe health care to all recipients of health care. To that end, safety and quality initiatives are underway across the globe to achieve the best health care outcomes possible based on the implementation of scientific evidence and best evidence-based clinical practices available. The purpose of this paper is to explain how safety and quality improvement (QI) initiatives achieve high quality outcomes for patients and how an understanding of the relationships among research, evidence-based practice, and QI and the role of the professional nurse in QI helps nursing meet its commitment to achieve the best possible care and outcomes for patients. The Model for Improvement is provided as a scientific methodology for QI initiatives in health care. Nurses understand the processes of care including what works well and what does not, and they have the clinical experience and scientific knowledge needed to improving processes of care that lead to more effective patient outcomes. (JNNN 2019;8(1):30–36)
International Organisations and Education

Explicit research interest in the consanguinity between international organizations and education as a field of inquiry is a recent development. It has grown with the demise of formal colonialism and the rise of the economic liberalization that emerged, and advanced rapidly, in the wake of the Cold War. The development of new communication technologies that shrink both time and space have played a crucial role in these more recent efforts. They shape the demands that globalization, and the knowledge economy, places on international organizations as agents of global change.
A High-Voltage Silicon JFET for the HV-MUX in ATLAS ITk

We present a new kind of silicon device: a High-Voltage vertical JFET, initially conceived as a candidate for the High-Voltage Multiplexing switch in the ATLAS upgrade of the silicon microstrip Inner Tracker (ITk). It is based on a vertical structure, with the drain being the epitaxial layer. Both n-type and p-type HV-JFETs have been successfully fabricated in the silicon processing facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Probe station measurements of un-irradiated devices show low leakage currents and high breakdown voltages (up to 600V) in the OFF state, and high currents in the ON state, which satisfy the requirements for the switch, at least before irradiation. Proton and neutron irradiation are planned to test the suitability of this device at the radiation levels foreseen in the ITk.
On Computation of Koopman Operator from Sparse Data

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to compute the Koopman operator from sparse time series data. In recent years there have been considerable interests in operator theoretic methods for data-driven analysis of dynamical systems. Existing techniques for the approximation of the Koopman operator require sufficiently large data sets, but in many applications, the data set may not be large enough to approximate the operators to acceptable limits. In this paper, using ideas from robust optimization, we propose an algorithm to compute the Koopman operator from sparse data. We enrich the sparse data set with artificial data points, generated by adding bounded artificial noise and formulate the noisy robust learning problem as a robust optimization problem and show that the optimal solution is the Koopman operator with the smallest error. We illustrate the efficiency of our proposed approach in three different dynamical systems, namely, a linear system, a nonlinear system and a dynamical system governed by a partial differential equation.
Effects of Liraglutide and Behavioral Weight Loss on Food Cravings, Eating Behaviors, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology

Objective This exploratory analysis examined the effects of intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) for obesity ("IBT-alone"), IBT plus liraglutide 3.0 mg/d ("IBT-liraglutide"), and IBT plus liraglutide 3.0 mg/d plus 12 weeks of a portion-controlled diet that provided 1,000 to 1,200 kcal/d ("Multicomponent") on changes in food cravings, eating behaviors, and eating disorder psychopathology at 24 and 52 weeks post randomization. Methods Adults with obesity (mean age = 47.6 ± 11.8 years and BMI = 38.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2 ; 79.3% female; 54.0% non-Hispanic white; 44.7% black) were randomized to IBT-alone (n = 50), IBT-liraglutide (n = 50), or Multicomponent (n = 50). Results At weeks 24 and 52, liraglutide-treated groups reported significantly larger declines in weight concern relative to the IBT-alone group. At week 24, compared with IBT-alone, liraglutide-treated groups reported significantly greater reductions in dietary disinhibition, global eating disorder psychopathology, and shape concern. The Multicomponent group had significantly greater reductions in binge eating at week 24 relative to the IBT-alone group. However, differences among groups were no longer significant at week 52. Groups did not differ in total food cravings at week 24 or 52. Conclusions The combination of liraglutide and IBT was associated with greater short-term improvements in dietary disinhibition, global eating disorder psychopathology, and shape concern than IBT alone.
Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris actively consume the sponge Chondrilla caribensis.

The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris Linnaeus 1758) actively selects and consumes the "chicken-liver" sponge Chondrilla caribensis. Manatees ate over 10% of C. caribensis on a sample dock, mostly from pylons that received no direct sunlight. Since manatees reportedly eat mostly seagrasses and algae, it was thought that the chlorophyll-a content of the symbiotic cyanobacteria in C. caribensis might be correlated to the amount eaten; however the correlation was not significant (P > 0.05). C. caribensis has variable chemical defenses and round spherasters (spicules), but these do not appear to be effective deterrents to predation by manatees. This is the first direct evidence that manatees actively seek out and consume a sponge.
Constitutional Personhood for Genetically Enhanced Animals: A Political Question

Genetic engineers may eventually use transgenic technology to transfer genes to produce human traits in other species of animals, and thus may develop animals with “enhanced” characteristics, such as intelligence. Such genetically enhanced animals (or more likely their advocates) may ask the government to re-draw the legal boundary of personhood separating human beings from the non-human animals, which currently lack fundamental constitutional rights. This essay argues that any expansion of constitutional personhood to include a genetically enhanced animal is a “political question” -- a policy and value choice that properly belongs to state or federal political branches of government, not with the federal judiciary. The question becomes what process we should use to resolve the issue, rather than a question of what is the correct substantive choice of moral personhood. Such decision is best made by the political process because it is based on standards and morals containing arbitrary rationale. This essay first considers the technology and incentives to create animals approaching personhood. After considering and evaluating various moral theories to guide constitutional personhood, the essay turns to questions of law and fact in determining a “person” and the judicial protection of rights. This essay also considers the analogous situations of previous personhood determinations related to slavery, abortion, existing animal rights, and corporations. Finally, the consequences of determination of constitutional personhood for a genetically enhanced animal are evaluated with respect to the general public, the “owner” of the genetically enhanced animal, and the animal itself.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Cumulative Experiences of Emergency Medicine Residents in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives Most children seeking emergency care are evaluated in general emergency departments (EDs). The cumulative pediatric clinical experiences of emergency medicine (EM) residents are largely unknown. This study examined EM resident pediatric clinical experience through the lens of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements and the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Methods Retrospective, observational study of the cumulative clinical experience of two classes of EM residents from a 4-year training program at two pediatric EDs of a quaternary care pediatric center. A database of resident patient encounters was generated from the electronic medical record. Experiences classified included: diagnosis categories per the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, procedures, and resuscitations. Results were stratified by age, acuity, and disposition. Results Twenty-five EM residents evaluated 17,642 patients (median = 723). Most patients (73.5%) were emergent acuity (Emergency Severity Index triage level 2 or 3 or non-intensive care admission); 2% were critical. Residents participated in 598 (median = 22) medical resuscitations and 483 (median = 19) trauma resuscitations. Minor procedures (e.g., laceration repair) were commonly performed; critical procedures (e.g., intubation) were rare. Exposure to neonates was infrequent and pediatric deaths were rare. Abdominal pain (5.7%), asthma exacerbation (4.6%), and fever (3.8%) were the most common diagnoses. Conclusions Emergency medicine residents encountered a wide array of pediatric diagnoses throughout training and performed a substantial number of common pediatric procedures. Exposure to critical acuity and procedures, neonatal pathology, and certain pediatric-specific diagnoses, such as congenital heart disease, was limited despite training in a large, quaternary care children's hospital. Curriculum development and collaboration should focus on these areas.
Chapter 21 – Radiation Protection

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the protection of biological entities from the hazard of radiation exposure. It identifies the methods that can be used to protect the biological entities from radiation exposure and describes the role of calculations in the field of radiation protection. Radiation protection of living organisms requires control of sources, barriers between source and living being, or removal of the target entity. Calculations required to evaluate external hazard include the dose as it depends on flux and energy, material, and time; the inverse square geometric spreading effect; and the exponential attenuation in shielding materials. Internal hazard depends on many physical and biological factors. Maximum permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in air and water can be deduced from the properties of the emitter and the dose limits. Application of the principle of ALARA is designed to reduce exposure to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable. There are many biological pathways that transport radioactive materials. New dose limit rules are based on the total effects of radiation—external and internal—on all parts of the body.
Fracture Height Growth Prediction Using Fluid Velocity Based Apparent Fracture Toughness Model

This paper outlines the development of a fracture height growth prediction model that uses the modified rock mechanical properties obtained from a combination of fluid flow and rock material property behavior and applies them during the calibration process to match actual treatment data resulting fracture height growth evolution and profile. The traditional fracture growth models are closely linked with the fracture toughness parameter which is not only difficult to estimate but is also considered dynamic in nature as it may assume various geometry-dependent values rather than a fixed input value. To account for this limitation, this study uses the fluid tip velocity to estimate apparent fracture toughness during the initial model setup process and continuously scales the model during the fracture growth prediction phase. The influence of controllable parameters such as injection rate and fluid viscosity on vertical growth of fractures was studied and applied to field examples. Analysis from the modeling work on two of the case histories presented, indicated a rapid fracture growth in the first few minutes of the treatment that was proportional to the rate of net pressure gain. The influence of the fracture tip on the fracture pressures in the tip region is visible only in the early part of the treatment and are relatively short-lived especially once the contribution from viscous flow pressures dominates the pressure behavior. The findings are presented in detail and are helpful from a treatment planning and execution viewpoint as they provide a detailed insight into fracture propagation. Relevant theory, equations and workflow adopted during the study are presented for ready adaptation in the field.
Usability, Usefulness, and Desirability of Learning Activities for Sexual Health Education for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Sexuality education (SE) for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities is needed, but is sparse. Seven individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and two educat...
The ‘Governance Gap’, or missing links in transnational chains of accountability for extractive industry investment

This article seeks to address the urgent need for emerging-market economies to more firmly tackle the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of their overseas enterprises in Africa. Focusing on Africa's mining sector, it analyses complementarities among: international guidelines for multinational enterprises (Section 2); domestic management norms from countries of origin (Section 3); and African countries’ legal frameworks for CSR (Section 4). Three emerging-market countries are investigated (China, India and South Africa), while Canada – a ‘traditional’ investor long engaged in mining in Africa – is used as a ‘benchmark’ for assessing whether the CSR characteristics of emerging-market companies differ from those of more ‘experienced’ investors. The article has two aims. First, to build toward a framework that could help emerging-market investors engage in mutual learning and systemize their CSR approaches in accordance with African host government requirements. And secondly, to shed light on the chains of...
The Ontology of Complex Systems: Levels of Organization, Perspectives, and Causal Thickets

(1994). The Ontology of Complex Systems: Levels of Organization, Perspectives, and Causal Thickets. Canadian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 24, Supplementary Volume 20: Biology & Society: Reflections on Methodology, pp. 207-274.
Saraswathi, T. S

T. S. Saraswathi is a senior professor emeritus of human development at Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India and a renowned contributor to the field of cross-cultural developmental psychology. Author of many books and journal articles, Saraswathi has paved the way for new investigative and informative directions in family studies and human development as they are applicable to cross-cultural psychology. Drawing on her Indian heritage, Saraswathi has illuminated the dearth of Indian philosophy and theoretical insights, instigated clearly defined developmental theories grounded in Hindu worldviews, advocated for an increase in research that promotes social policies for children, and endorsed the need for more integrated approaches to developmental, cross-cultural research in the field. Keywords: lifespan and development psychology; indigenous psychology
Growth factors that repress myoblast differentiation sustain phosphorylation of a specific site on histone H1.

A monoclonal antibody (12D11) is presented that binds an epitope on histone H1 only when it is phosphorylated. Skeletal myoblasts, which are cultured in high mitogen medium to induce proliferation and inhibit differentiation, contain histone H1 reactive with monoclonal antibody 12D11, whereas differentiated myocytes and adult skeletal muscle do not. Phosphorylation of H1 at the 12D11 epitope, as assessed by antibody binding, is also induced and maintained in myoblasts cultured in low mitogen medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta, which blocks differentiation but allows the cells to withdraw from the cell cycle (Olson, E., Sternberg, E., Hu, J., Spizz, G., and Wilcox, C. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 1799-1805; Massague, J., Cheipetz, S., Endo, T., and Nadal-Ginard, B. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 8206-8210). These observations suggest that phosphorylation of histone H1 at the 12D11 epitope is associated with the negative regulation of myoblast differentiation by growth factors.
Circulation Policies in Major Academic Libraries

Abstract As part of an assessment of its patron circulation policies, Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library Circulation Committee studied the circulation policies of ARL members and like-sized academic institution's libraries. Access Services Department Heads or their equivalent at 165 academic libraries were surveyed. This paper reports on policies relating to circulation, renewals, fines, and recalls for these libraries. The majority of circulation policies are traditional (typical circulation periods, low numbers of renewals and traditional fines), though non-traditional policies (longer circulation periods, more renewals, and elimination of fines) provide better service and satisfaction for patrons. Libraries should examine their policies to determine if non-traditional policies would work at their institution.
Ocean Acoustics, Matched-Field Processing and Phase Conjugation

This chapter treats ocean acoustics and various applications of signal processing, phase conjugation and tomography to ocean acoustics. Phase conjugation is related to the standard principles of passive signal processing and to the more recent demonstrations of time-reversal mirrors in the ocean. Here we will give an overview of the relevant physics of ocean acoustics, present a passive signal processing method called matched-field processing and then discuss the related concept and implementation of time-reversal methods in ocean acoustics.
Raman Scattering Study of Fluidlike Molecular Dynamics in A Smectic-B Liquid Crystal

Abstract A Raman scattering study has been made in N-(p-butoxybenzylidene)-p-n-octylaniline. Sharp changes in the intensity ratios near frequency shifts of 1200 and 1600 cm−1 occur at the solid to smectic-B transition, with no further changes upon heating to the isotropic liquid. The results suggest the smectic-B phase already exhibits completely fluidlike dynamics of the central molecular core.
Transport of the pathogenic prion protein through landfill materials.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting a variety of mammalian species including humans. A misfolded form of the prion protein (PrPTSE) is the major, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. Recent TSE outbreaks in domesticated and wild animal populations have created the need for safe and effective disposal of large quantities of potentially infected materials. Here, we report results of a study to evaluate the potential for transport of PrPTSE derived from carcasses and associated wastes in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. Column experiments were conducted to evaluate PrPTSE transport in quartz sand, two fine-textured burial soils currently used in landfill practice, a green waste residual material (a potential burial material), and fresh and aged MSW. PrPTSE was retained by quartz sand and the fine-textured burial soils, with no detectable PrPTSE eluted over more than 40 pore volumes. In contrast, PrPTSE was...
Interracial Marriage Attitudes among High School Students

Summa~y.-182 white and Negro high school students were surveyed with a forced-choice questionnaire to ascertain whether one group favored interracial marriage more than the other. Chi-square was applied to a 2 X 2 factorial design. Negroes were significantly more favorable toward interracial marriage than whites (p < .001). Males tended to favor interracial marriage slightly more than females. Interaction berween the groups was unrelated to social or economic position, but the factors involved in the process were not identified. Further research is needed to explain the difkrential sex attitudes and longitudinal studies should be carried our to determine what other factors might be involved in determining Negro and white attitudes toward interracial marriage. In the last year or two much popular interest has been aroused in the United States regarding Negro-white intermarriage. Twenty years ago Negro protest leaders seldom spoke of such marriages and focused their efforts on desegregation and obtaining voting. and employment rights. White conservatives were comforted by Gunner Myrdal's (1944) report that, although miscegenation was for them the most important facet of the caste system, for the Negro it was the least important of the many forms of discrimination they were forced to endure. Recently there has been a decrease in the more blatant forms of discrimination in employment and higher education. For example, universities and public schools are searching for black professors, the auto industry has begun to hire inner-city blacks, trade unions are slowly integrating their memberships and colleges are enrolling more black students. Interracial contacts, through jobs, education and housing have been affirmed by sociologists as contributing to the kind of integration which thoughtful people regard as a necessity for harmonious relations between the races (Berelson & Steiner, 1964). The importance of racial intermarriage, both sociologically and psychologically, should not be under-stressed. First, for the possible psychological effects on the children born of such a union, who, faced with no identity in either racial community, may have serious problems in personality development (Goff, 1949; Stevenson & Stewart, 1958; Gough, et al., 1950; Horowitz, 1939). Second, if a trend toward racial intermarriage increase exists or appears likely to exist in the future the problems of segregated housing and integrated schools may turn out to be minor. All the ancient misconceptions of "weakening of the race" through intermarriage may be brought so the surface and irrational hostility between the Negroes and whites may cause the loss of what little ground our society has gained toward better understanding. A survey of the literature from 1930 to 1966 yielded little data on the
The elastic generalized assignment problem

The generalized assignment problem (GAP) has been studied by numerous researchers over the past 30 years or so. Simply stated, one must find a minimum-cost assignment of tasks to agents such that each task is assigned to exactly one agent and such that each agent's resource capacity is honoured. The problem is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, we study the elastic generalized assignment problem (EGAP). The elastic version of GAP allows agent resource capacity to be violated at additional cost. Another version allows undertime costs to be assessed as well if an agent's resource capacity is not used to its full extent. The EGAP is also NP-hard. We describe a special-purpose branch-and-bound algorithm that utilizes linear programming cuts, feasible solution generators, Lagrangean relaxation and subgradient optimization. We present computational results on a large collection of randomly generated ‘hard’ problems with up to 4000 binary variables.
A mathematical example by Hopf with features of turbulence

Although the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid have proved to be a satisfactory description of laminar flow, it has not been shown that they adequately describe turbulent phenomena. The complexity of the equations has made the direct approach to the problem especially formidable and has impelled investigations of turbulence into certain other channels. One approach is to gain insight into the analytical nature of the equations by considering approximate systems of equations, or contrived mathematical examples that display a character suggestive of turbulence, and which are analytically more tractable than the NavierStokes equations. This approach has been investigated in a series of papers by E. Hopf [l-3] and by J. M. Burgers [4-91. The examples of Hopf’s are distinguished by having solutions which are random functions of position and time, a desirable resemblance to the reality of turbulence. The statistical properties of the solutions of his more recent, and analytically simpler, example [2] are the objects of the investigations in this paper. The space of the example is a one-dimensional circular line and the space variable is an angular variable x mod 27r. The functions of interest are U(X, t) and w(x, t), real valued functions of x and t, 0 < t <co, and periodic in x of period 21~. They may be thought of as the analogues of the velocity components at a point x and at time t in a hydrodynamical flow. Let w = u + iv and rZ = u iv. The example [2] is the space time integro-differential system
Negative Vega? Understanding Options on Spreads

During recent months, interest in the impact of various spread trades on hedge fund returns has increased. For instance, the option on a spread can decrease in value when the volatility of one of the assets of the spread goes up. This article explains theoretically why this may happen, and clarifies the market conditions under which an increase in the volatility of one of the assets may increase or decrease the value of the spread option.
The relationship between upper mantle anisotropic structures beneath California, transpression, and absolute plate motions

We calculated SKS splitting parameters for the California Integrated Seismic Network. In southern California, we also estimated splitting in the upper 100 km using azimuthal anisotropy determined from surface waves. The inferred splitting from surface waves in the mantle lithosphere is small (on average < 0.2 s) compared with SKS splitting (1.5 s) and obtains a maximum value (0.5 s) in the transpressive region of the Big Bend, south of, and aligned with, the San Andreas Fault (SAF). In contrast, the SKS splitting is approximately E-W and is relatively uniform spatially either side of the Big Bend of the SAF. These differences suggest that most of the SKS splitting is generated much deeper (down to 300–400 km) than previously thought, probably in the asthenosphere. Fast directions align with absolute plate motions (APM) in northern and southeastern California but not in southwestern California. We interpret the parallelism with APM as indicating the SKS anisotropy is caused by cumulative drag of the asthenosphere by the overlying plates. The discrepancy in southwestern California arises from the diffuse boundary there compared to the north, where relative plate motion has concentrated near the SAF system. In southern California the relative motion originated offshore in the Borderlands and gradually transitioned onshore to the SAF system. This has given rise to smaller displacement across the SAF (160–180 km) compared with central and northern California (400–500 km). Thus, in southwestern California the inherited anisotropy, from prior North American APM, has not yet been overprinted by Pacific APM.
Coexistence and stability of a competition—diffusion system in population dynamics

Abstract The coexistence and stability of the population densities of two competing species in a bounded habitat are investigated in the present paper, where the effect of dispersion (transportation) is taken into consideration. The mathematical problem involves a coupled system of Lotka-Volterra-type reaction-diffusion equations together with some initial and boundary conditions, including the Dirichlet, Neumann and third type. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the coexistence and competitive exclusion are established and the effect of diffusion is explicitly given. For the stability problem, general criteria for the stability and instability of a steady-state solution are established and then applied to various situations depending on the relative magnitude among the physical parameters. Also given are necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of multiple steady-state solutions and the stability or instability of each of these solutions. Special attention is given to the Neumann boundary condition with respect to which some threshold results for the coexistence and stability or instability of the four uniform steady states are characterized. It is shown in this situation that only one of the four constant steady states is asymptotically stable while the remaining three are unstable. The stability or instability of these states depends solely on the relative magnitude among the various rate constants and is independent of the diffusion coefficients.
Haploinsufficiency of ALX4 as a Potential Cause of Parietal Foramina in the 11p11.2 Contiguous Gene–Deletion Syndrome

Heterozygous mutations in MSX2 are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of parietal foramina (PFM). PFM are oval defects of the parietal bones that are also a characteristic feature of a contiguous gene–deletion syndrome caused by a proximal deletion in the short arm of chromosome 11 (Potocki-Shaffer syndrome). We have identified a human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone mapping to chromosome 11, containing a region homologous to the human homeobox gene MSX2. Further sequence analysis demonstrated that the human orthologue (ALX4) of the mouse Aristaless-like 4 gene (Alx4) is contained within this 11p clone. We used FISH to test for the presence—or for the heterozygous deletion—of this clone in two patients with the 11p11.2-deletion syndrome and showed that this clone is deleted in these patients. ALX4 and Alx4 were shown to be expressed in bone and to be absent from all other tissues tested. The involvement of Alx4 in murine skull development, its bone-specific expression pattern, the fact that Alx4 is a dosage-sensitive gene in mice, and the localization of a human genomic clone containing ALX4 to 11p11.2, with hemizygosity in patients with deletion of 11p11.2 who have biparietal foramina, support the contention that ALX4 is a candidate gene for the PFM in the 11p11.2-deletion syndrome.
Who publishes in predatory journals

Many open access journals have a reputation for being of low quality and being dishonest with regard to peer review and publishing costs. Such journals are labeled "predatory" journals. This study examines author profiles for some of these "predatory" journals as well as for groups of more well-recognized open access journals. We collect and analyze the publication record, citation count, and geographic location of authors from the various groups of journals. Statistical analyses verify that each group of journals has a distinct author population. Those who publish in "predatory" journals are, for the most part, young and inexperienced researchers from developing countries. We believe that economic and sociocultural conditions in these developing countries have contributed to the differences found in authorship between "predatory" and "nonpredatory" journals.
Analyzing Fission Yeast Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms to Develop a Genetically Tractable Model System for Chemical Biology

Chemical inhibitors can help analyze dynamic cellular processes, particularly when probes are active in genetically tractable model systems. Although fission yeast has served as an important model system, which shares more cellular processes (e.g., RNAi) with humans than budding yeast, its use for chemical biology has been limited by its multidrug resistance (MDR) response. Using genomics and genetics approaches, we identified the key transcription factors and drug-efflux transporters responsible for fission yeast MDR and designed strains sensitive to a wide-range of chemical inhibitors, including commonly used probes. We used this strain, along with acute chemical inhibition and high-resolution imaging, to examine metaphase spindle organization in a “closed” mitosis. Together, our findings suggest that our fission yeast strains will allow the use of several inhibitors as probes, discovery of new inhibitors, and analysis of drug action.
Radiosensitive xrs-5 and parental CHO cells show identical DNA neutral filter elution dose-response: implications for a relationship between cell radiosensitivity and induction of DNA double-strand breaks.

SummaryThe purpose of this work was to investigate a possible correlation between DNA elution dose—response and cell radiosensitivity. For this purpose neutral (pH 9·6) DNA filter elution dose—response curves were measured with radiosensitive xrs-5 and the parental Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the logarithmic and plateau phase of growth. No difference was observed between the two cell types in the DNA elution dose—response curves either in logarithmic or plateau phase, despite the dramatic differences in cell radiosensitivity. This observation indicates that the shape of the DNA elution dose—response curve and the shape of the cell survival curve are not causally related. It is proposed that the shoulder observed in the DNA elution dose—response curve reflects either partial release of DNA from chromatin, or cell cycle-specific alterations in the physicochemical properties of the DNA.
The Incongruities of Grutter

This article scrutinizes the inconsistencies in the 2003 Grutter v. Bollinger Supreme Court decision which upheld the University of Michigan’s law school affirmative action policy. The decision, which now governs university admissions policies in all 50 states, ruled that “diversity” remains a compelling state interest that legally justifies discriminating between individuals on the basis of their race in determining college admissions. This article examines two incongruous justifications offered by the Grutter court in justification for their ruling: the “critical mass” justification and the no “undo harm” argument. Neither rationale is able to withstand careful, logical examination.
À brasileira: racialidade e a escrita de um desejo destrutivo

Se o erotismo, como afirma Bataille, diferencia a sexualidade humana - conforme institui o sujeito moderno como efeito do desejo - esta corretamente classificado entre as analises criticas das condicoes de producao dos sujeitos modernos. Por isso, neste artigo, revisito as articulacoes do erotico na versao de Freyre do sujeito nacional brasileiro. Mapeio como o erotismo produz uma figura racial, o mestico, cuja particularidade reside em ser um objeto escatologico, isto e, uma figura historica destinada a desaparecer. Enquanto essa figura tem sido celebrada como o simbolo produtivo e unificador da brasilidade, tem efeitos materiais opostos. Como dispositivo politico/simbolico, o mestico institui sujeitos sociais subalternos. Isso e consequencia de como a miscigenacao, como significante historico, antecipa a obliteracao (fisica e simbolica) de negros e indios. Isso e resultado, como mostro, da construcao da mulher nao branca como um instrumento (nao como objeto) do desejo colonial. Como tal, isso tambem esta pressuposto dentro dos mecanismos do sujeito racial que prevalece no Brasil contemporâneo.
Crosslinking of epoxy-modified phenol novolac (EPN) powder coatings : Particle size and adhesion

These studies were undertaken to examine how particle size of epoxy phenol novolac (EPN) powder coatings may affect adhesion to metal substrates. Particle sizes of 21 and 83 µm diameter were utilized. DSC analysis shows that the activation energies of crosslinking for the 21 µm particle size is 41 kJ/mol and 58 kJ/mol for 83 µm particle size which is attributed to the effect of particle size, and time-temperature-particle size (TTPS) parameters are used to describe powder-liquid-solid film transformation process. Although, the TTSP term represents a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic properties. We believe that this is the TTPS term that adequately describes the processes in which, in order for crosslinking reactions to occur, particles must initiate the flow. Quantitative attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was used to follow crosslinking processes by monitoring the decrease of oxirane concentration, and showed that for thermal cure at 185°C for 20 min, the oxirane concentration decreases at a similar rate for 21 µm and 83 µm particle sizes. The results of pull-off adhesion measurements from an Al substrate show that when the 21 µm particle size is crosslinked for 10 min at 110, 140, and 170°C, adhesion is consistently higher than for the same coating system at 83 µm particle size. This difference is attributed to the finite time required for powder particles to reach a proper melt viscosity, followed by reactions of functional groups leading to crosslinking. Extended cure times to 120 min for the 83 µm particle resulted in adhesion similar to the 21 µm particle size.