cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict

Abstract This manuscript reports on three studies that utilized five different samples ( N = 1211) to construct and validate a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. The six dimensions of conflict measured include the combination of three forms of work–family conflict (time, strain, and behavior) and two directions of work–family conflict (work interference with family and family interference with work). The three studies assessed the content adequacy, dimensionality, reliability, factor structure invariance, and construct validity of the scale. The design of the final scale provides future researchers the flexibility to measure any of the six dimensions of work–family conflict individually.
In Dispraise of Justice

Ancient and modern theories of justice are analyzed for the purpose of beginning to develop a new theory which is consistent with the symbolic interaction research tradition and the lived experiences of interactionists. The Reflexive Theory of Justice emphasizes lived emotions, meaningful interpretations, social process, the reality of gender and other structured categories of interpretation, the primacy of pragmatic context, and the personal nature of justice. Justice is an inevitable and ongoing struggle for each individual life. John M. Johnson* Arizona State University
Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten — Koronarkrankheit

Zuallererst mochte ich der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kreislaufforschung, Herrn Prof. Schaefer und Herrn Prof. Thauer meinen aufrichtigen Dank fur die ehrenvolle Einladung zu dieser Tagung aussprechen. Mein Thema in bezug auf die Epidemiologie wird sich mit der Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft befassen. In historischer Sicht mochte es erscheinen, das die Epidemiologie der chronischen Krankheiten, besonders der Koronarkrankheit, eigentlich gar keine Vergangenheit hat, denn die immer noch relativ wenigen Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet sind hochstens 10 bis 15 Jahre alt und meistens junger. Der Geist der neueren Epidemiologie, so wie sie verstanden werden sollte, hat jedoch eine mehr als hundertjahrige Geschichte. In diesem Sinne fanden sich die Grundlagen einer solchen Anschauungsweise unter anderem, wie gezeigt werden wird, sehr klar im Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts und sogar fruher, denn Johann Peter Frank, der Pionier der Sozialmedizin, lebte und wirkte bereits in der zweiten Halfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Man darf daher annehmen, das diese Tradition dazu dienen konnte, epidemiologische Studien auf dem Gebiet der chronischen Krankheiten in dem heutigen Deutschland weiter aufzubauen. Bei dieser Entwicklung spielten gewis das soziale Gewissen und humanistische Bewustsein, die sich im letzten Jahrhundert so stark auspragten, eine bedeutende Rolle und es war sicher kein Zufall, das Deutschland damals der Schrittmacher fur die Krankenfursorge wurde.
The effects of cooperative and individualistic reward on intrinsic motivation.

Abstract The effects of cooperative versus individualistic reward on students' intrinsic motivation were investigated. The controlling aspects of extrinsic reward may be heightened or produce greater ego threat in the individualistic situation when compared with a group situation. We predicted that students in the cooperative social situation would show higher levels of intrinsic motivation. Fifth-grade students from existing cooperative groups were assigned randomly to receive a tangible reward based on either cooperative or individualistic achievement for completing pattern block designs. Cooperation affected intrinsic motivation positively. Students in the cooperative dyad solved the block designs more quickly, interacted positively, and viewed the task as easier than did those in the individualistic situation, and they reported that their peers were helpful. There was little evidence that the controlling functions of reward or ego-threat were factors in producing the outcome. Some evidence supporting ...
Restriction of Siegel modular forms to modular curves

We study homomorphisms form the ring of Siegel modular forms of a given degree to the ring of elliptic modular forms for a congruence subgroup. These homomorphisms essentially arise from the restriction of Siegel modular forms to modular curves. These homomorphisms give rise to linear relations among the Fourier coefficients of a Siegel modular form. We use this technique to prove that dim .
Cohabitation and Children's Family Instability

This study estimates how much children's family instability is missed when we do not count transitions into and out of cohabitation, and examines early life course trajectories of children to see whether children who experience maternal cohabitation face more family instability than children who do not. Using data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, analyses show that adding transitions into and out of cohabitation to those into and out of marriage increases our measure of family instability by about 30% for White children (N = 1575) and over 100% for Black children (N = 774). We conclude that future research on the impact of children's family composition while growing up should take into account transitions into and out of cohabitation.
Effect of Oxygen Pressure on the Initial Oxidation Behavior of Cu and Cu­Au Alloys

A wide information gap exists between our present atomic-scale knowledge of metal oxidation derived from conventional ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science experiments and the oxidation mechanisms obtained from the growth of bulk oxide thin films under technologically relevant realistic (or near-) atmospheric conditions. To bridge this pressure gap, we present an in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the initial oxidation stage of Cu(100) and Cu-Au(100) surfaces where the oxygen partial pressure varies from 5x10-4 to 150 Torr. For Cu(100), with increasing oxygen partial pressure (pO2), the nucleation density of the oxide islands increases and so does the growth rate of the oxide islands. As the pO2 continues to increase, a transition from epitaxial cube-on-cube Cu2O islands to randomly oriented oxide islands is observed. A kinetic model based on the classic heterogeneous nucleation theory is developed to explain the effect of oxygen partial pressure on the oxide orientation. It is shown that such a transition in the oxide nucleation orientation is related to the effect of oxygen pressure on the nucleation barrier and atom collision rate. The Cu-Au(111) alloy revealed the same oxygen pressure dependency of the oxide nucleation orientation as pure Cu oxidation.
Parallel processing on supercomputers: a set of computational experiments

One of the trends in supercomputer evolution lies in the direction of multiprocessor systems with increasing numbers of powerful processors. The user who is interested in attaining the maximum achievable computation rates on these machines must understand the philosophy underlying the parallel processing mechanisms provided on them. This paper focuses on the three types of parallelism currently available on the Cray: vectorization, microtasking, and macrotasking. Experiences with all three constructs are presented with a view to exposing the improvements possible with each of them. While this paper deals with a particular machine, the Cray X-MP/48, many of the observations, comments, and conclusions derived can be generalized to other shared-memory multiprocessor systems.
Analysis of an FDDI network supporting multiple-priority stations with single-packet buffers

The authors present exact analysis of a nonsymmetric multipriority token ring network with single packet buffers under a timed-token protocol, similar to that used for medium access control of the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) network. An efficient iterative procedure is used to compute the limiting state distributions of the embedded Markov chains representing the system state process. The authors obtain the distributions of the token rotation time, the normalized throughput, and the mean packet waiting time. By using conditional residual delay analysis, moments of the packet delay are computed. The application of the analytic approach is illustrated through numerical examples representing FDDI network systems under various traffic conditions. >
Geography and ESRD Care: What Contributes Most to Hemodialysis Patient-Provider Visit Variation?

In 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) made a landmark change in the way nephrologists were reimbursed for outpatient dialysis visits for the first time in over 30 years. The Final Rule, as it was called, changed reimbursement for dialysis outpatient assessment from a
RETINAL WAVES AND VISUAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Many pathways in the developing visual system are restructured and become highly organized even before vision occurs. Yet the developmental processes underlying the remodeling of visual connectivity are crucially dependent on retinal activity. Surprisingly, the immature and light-insensitive retina spontaneously generates a pattern of rhythmic bursting activity during the period when the connectivity patterns of retinal ganglion cells are shaped. Spatially, the activity is seen to spread across the retina in the form of waves that bring into synchrony the bursts of neighboring cells. Waves are present in the developing retina of higher and lower vertebrates, which suggests that this form of activity may be a common and fundamental mechanism employed in the activity-dependent refinement of early patterns of visual connections. Unraveling the cues encoded by the waves promises to provide important insights into how interactions driven by specific patterns of activity could lead to the modification of connectivity during development.
Stroke after coronary artery operation: incidence, correlates, outcome, and cost.

Abstract Background . Stroke is a major complication of coronary operation, with reported rates of postoperative cerebral dysfunction ranging from 0.4% to 13.8%. In this report, the incidence, correlates, outcomes, and costs of stroke in coronary operation were evaluated at Emory University between 1988 and 1996. Methods . Data were entered prospectively into a dedicated computerized database at Emory University and analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized where appropriate. Results . Data from 10,860 patients undergoing primary coronary operation between 1988 and 1996 were analyzed. There were 250 patients not entered into the database. Stroke occurred in 244 (2.2%). Univariate predictors of stroke ( p Conclusions . Stroke is a devastating complication of coronary operation, significantly increasing morbidity, mortality, and cost. Three independent variables were identified for predicting stroke, including age, previous TIA, and carotid bruits. Patients should be carefully screened for cerebrovascular disease to help prevent stroke and its associated morbidity.
A Syntactic Approach to Seismic Pattern Recognition

The nearest-neighbor decision rule for syntactic patterns is applied to seismic pattern classification. Each pattern is represented by a string. The string-to-string distance is used as a similarity measure. Another method using finite-state grammars inferred from the training samples and error-correcting parsers is also implemented. Both methods show equal recognition accuracy; however, the nearest-neighbor rule is much faster in computation speed. The classification results of real earthquake/explosion data are presented.
HMM based event detection in audio conversation

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting sensitive events in speech signal such as exchange of credit card information. Although close in nature to the word spotting problem, variability in the linguistic content constituting an event and their composition makes event detection a harder task, especially in the context where it is applied such as call-center interaction. In this work we extend the hidden Markov model (HMM) based framework as used in word spotting to event detection, by constructing a network composed of HMM based acoustic models for event and garbage (non-event). Vocabularies specific to the event and non-event are used respectively to build the event and garbage models along with length constraints based on prior knowledge. Effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of detecting credit card transaction event in real life conversations between agents and customers in call center. Our approach yield a false alarm rate of 17.0% and false miss rate of 12.5%.
Evaluation Understudy for Dialogue Coherence Models

Evaluating a dialogue system is seen as a major challenge within the dialogue research community. Due to the very nature of the task, most of the evaluation methods need a substantial amount of human involvement. Following the tradition in machine translation, summarization and discourse coherence modeling, we introduce the the idea of evaluation understudy for dialogue coherence models. Following (Lapata, 2006), we use the information ordering task as a testbed for evaluating dialogue coherence models. This paper reports findings about the reliability of the information ordering task as applied to dialogues. We find that simple n-gram co-occurrence statistics similar in spirit to BLEU (Papineni et al., 2001) correlate very well with human judgments for dialogue coherence
Incidence and mechanism of creatine kinase-MB enzyme elevation after coronary intervention with different devices.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of CK-MB elevation and to identify the possible mechanisms of CK-MB release after various coronary interventional devices. We prospectively studied 1,675 consecutive patients following various coronary interventions for CK-MB elevation, from January 1997 to February 1998 and followed them for in-hospital events. CK-MB elevation was detected in 313 patients (18.7%); with 1-3 x normal in 12.8%, 3-5 x normal in 3.5%, and >5 x normal in 2.4%. CK-MB elevation was more common after nonballoon devices (19.5% vs. 11.5% after balloon angioplasty; P < 0.01). Among the newer nonballoon devices, rotational atherectomy alone had a lower CK-MB elevation compared to stent-alone group (16.0% vs. 20.5%; P = 0.07). On univariate analysis, due to selective use of abciximab in high-risk coronary interventions, there was higher incidence of CK-MB elevation with abciximab (24.5% vs. 15.0% without abciximab; P < 0.01). Some kind of procedural complication was observed in 49% of the CK-MB elevation group, with side-branch closure being the most frequent (22.7%). In conclusion, CK-MB elevation is common after successful coronary interventions and is higher after nonballoon devices. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 48:123-129, 1999.
Hypothyroidism in dogs: laboratory findings

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is typically based on a combination of clinical signs and laboratory findings. The condition is commonly overdiagnosed in dogs, especially because many medical conditions can be associated with reduced circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone. Since available diagnostic tests lack high sensitivity and specificity, its definitive diagnosis can be difficult. In the past 20 years, development of newer diagnostic tests has enhanced the ability to differentiate canine hypothyroidism from other conditions. The most commonly used criteria to diagnose hypothyroidism are decreased total thyroxine (TT4) or free thyroxine (FT4) in combination with increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration.
MS-kNN: Protein function prediction by integrating multiple data sources

Background: Protein function determination is a key challenge in the post-genomic era. Experimental determination of protein functions is accurate, but time-consuming and resource-intensive. A cost-effective alternative is to use the known information about sequence, structure, and functional properties of genes and proteins to predict functions using statistical methods. In this paper, we describe the Multi-Source k-Nearest Neighbor (MS-kNN) algorithm for function prediction, which finds k-nearest neighbors of a query protein based on different types of similarity measures and predicts its function by weighted averaging of its neighbors’ functions. Specifically, we used 3 data sources to calculate the similarity scores: sequence similarity, protein-protein interactions, and gene expressions. Results: We report the results in the context of 2011 Critical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA). Prior to CAFA submission deadline, we evaluated our algorithm on 1,302 human test proteins that were represented in all 3 data sources. Using only the sequence similarity information, MS-kNN had term-based Area Under the Curve (AUC) accuracy of Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function predictions of 0.728 when 7,412 human training proteins were used, and 0.819 when 35,622 training proteins from multiple eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms were used. By aggregating predictions from all three sources, the AUC was further improved to 0.848. Similar result was observed on prediction of GO biological processes. Testing on 595 proteins that were annotated after the CAFA submission deadline showed that overall MS-kNN accuracy was higher than that of baseline algorithms Gotcha and BLAST, which were based solely on sequence similarity information. Since only 10 of the 595 proteins were represented by all 3 data sources, and 66 by two data sources, the difference between 3-source and onesource MS-kNN was rather small. Conclusions: Based on our results, we have several useful insights: (1) the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is an efficient and effective model for protein function prediction; (2) it is beneficial to transfer functions across a wide range of organisms; (3) it is helpful to integrate multiple sources of protein information.
Structure of T4moF, the Toluene 4-Monooxygenase Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase.

The 1.6 A crystal structure of toluene 4-monooxygenase reductase T4moF is reported. The structure includes ferredoxin, flavin, and NADH binding domains. The position of the ferredoxin domain relative to the other two domains represents a new configuration for the iron–sulfur flavoprotein family. Close contacts between the C8 methyl group of FAD and [2Fe-2S] ligand Cys36-O represent a plausible pathway for electron transfer between the redox cofactors. Energy-minimized docking of NADH and calculation of hingelike motions between domains suggest how simple coordinated shifts of residues at the C-terminus of the enzyme could expose the N5 position of FAD for productive interaction with the nicotinamide ring. The domain configuration revealed by the T4moF structure provides an excellent steric and electrostatic match to the obligate electron acceptor, Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin T4moC. Protein–protein docking and energy minimization of the T4moFC complex indicate that T4moF [2Fe-2S] ligand Cys41 and T4moC...
First Report of Echinochasmus sp. from the Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina L.) from Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, U.S.A

Abstract Microscope slides found in the collection of Elon E. Byrd and labeled only as from “the intestine of Chelydra serpentina L.,” contained 12 specimens of digenetic trematodes that are identified herein as Echinochasmus sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Three specimens suitable for complete examination and measurement possess 20 collar spines with 1 angle spine and are most similar to Echinochasmus leopoldinae Scholz, Ditrich and Vargas-Vaquez, 1996. The small sample size, condition of the specimens, and several morphometric differences preclude species identification. This is the first report of the adults of Echinochasmus from a reptile. Because these worms were collected from 2 snapping turtles and are in excellent condition, the infections could represent an occurrence of postcyclic transmission.
Clinical outcome of moderate haemophilia compared with severe and mild haemophilia

UNLABELLED: Information on outcome and treatment of patients with moderate haemophilia is scarce. In this study, we compared self-reported burden of disease in moderate haemophilia to severe and mild haemophilia. A nationwide questionnaire on bleeding pattern, treatment, impairment and quality of life was sent to 1567 Dutch patients with haemophilia. Out of 1066 respondents (response rate: 68%), 16% had moderate, 44% severe and 39% mild haemophilia. Median age was 36 years. Although overall outcome in moderate haemophilia was in between severe and mild haemophilia, moderate haemophilia patients did report a substantial burden of disease. The majority of patients with moderate haemophilia (73%) reported bleeds in the previous year; and a considerable proportion of moderate patients reported joint impairment (43%), chronic pain (15%), needed orthopaedic aids (24%) or were unemployed because of disability (27%). Within the group of moderate haemophilia patients, a large variation in bleeding pattern and outcome was observed. A quarter of patients with moderate haemophilia reported a more severe phenotype and intermittent use of prophylaxis. These patients reported frequent bleeding, with a median of eight bleeds per year, including two joint bleeds, and 68% reported joint impairment. IN CONCLUSION: Although outcome in moderate haemophilia is generally in between severe and mild haemophilia, moderate haemophilia patients reported a substantial burden of disease, and for more than 25% of patients with moderate haemophilia long term prophylaxis was implemented because of frequent bleeds.
Enhancing microvascular formation and vessel maturation through temporal control over multiple pro-angiogenic and pro-maturation factors

Therapeutic stimulation of angiogenesis to re-establish blood flow in ischemic tissues offers great promise as a treatment for patients suffering from cardiovascular disease or trauma. Since angiogenesis is a complex, multi-step process, different signals may need to be delivered at appropriate times in order to promote a robust and mature vasculature. The effects of temporally regulated presentation of pro-angiogenic and pro-maturation factors were investigated in vitro and in vivo in this study. Pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) cooperatively promoted endothelial sprouting and pericyte detachment in a three-dimensional in vitro EC-pericyte co-culture model. Pro-maturation factors platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) inhibited the early stages of VEGF- and Ang2-mediated angiogenesis if present simultaneously with VEGF and Ang2, but promoted these behaviors if added subsequently to the pro-angiogenesis factors. VEGF and Ang2 were also found to additively enhance microvessel density in a subcutaneous model of blood vessel formation, while simultaneously administered PDGF/Ang1 inhibited microvessel formation. However, a temporally controlled scaffold that released PDGF and Ang1 at a delay relative to VEGF/Ang2 promoted both vessel maturation and vascular remodeling without inhibiting sprouting angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate the importance of temporal control over signaling in promoting vascular growth, vessel maturation and vascular remodeling. Delivering multiple growth factors in combination and sequence could aid in creating tissue engineered constructs and therapies aimed at promoting healing after acute wounds and in chronic conditions such as diabetic ulcers and peripheral artery disease.
Epidural Spinal Cord Compression

Epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) is a medical emergency that can lead to paraplegia and loss of bowel and bladder function. It is characterized clinically by: 1. Back pain and tenderness 2. Radicular pain 3. Myelopathy Diagnosis is made by: 1. Clinical history and examination 2. Radiographic studies: a. Bone films b. Bone scan c. Myelopathy Emergency treatment is with: 1. Dexamethasone, 100 mg IV 2. Emergency radiation therapy 3. Possible surgical decompression
Private Branding: Refocusing and Transforming Retail Management Strategies for the Future

Private brands, which include those that carry the name of the store in some way or those that are exclusively available from a specific retailer, has evolved into the mainstream of branding strategy. The history of private brands has been one that has seen varying levels of success and acceptance over the years as it fell under the assault of large packaged goods companies in the 1950s. Because private brands typically cost less to make and sell than national brands, one of its problems has been its poor brand image compared to national brands.
Genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and breast cancer risk in African American women

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis. However, there has been no large-scale investigation of genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and breast cancer risk. We examined 28847 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 61 mTOR pathway genes in the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk consortium of 3663 cases [1983 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and 1098 ER-negative (ER-)] and 4687 controls. Gene-level analyses were conducted using the adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) test for 10773 SNPs that were not highly correlated (r (2) < 0.8), and SNP-level analyses were conducted with logistic regression. Among genes that were prioritized (nominal P < 0.05, ARTP tests), associations were observed for intronic SNPs TSC2 rs181088346 [odds ratio (OR) of each copy of variant allele = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65-0.88 for all breast cancer] and BRAF rs114729114 (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.24-1.91 for all breast cancer and OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.50-2.76 for ER- tumors). For ER- tumors, intronic SNPs PGF rs11542848 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.15-1.66) and rs61759375 (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.14-1.57) and MAPK3 rs78564187 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.11-1.43) were associated with increased risk. These SNPs were significant at a gene-wide level (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05). The variant allele of RPS6KB2 rs35363135, a synonymous coding SNP, was more likely to be observed in ER- than ER+ tumors (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.31, gene-wide Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.06). In conclusion, specific mTOR pathway genes are potentially important to breast cancer risk and to the ER negativity in African American women.
Scratchpad Memory Architectures and Allocation Algorithms for Hard Real-Time Multicore Processors

Time predictability is crucial in hard real-time and safety-critical systems. Cache memories, while useful for improving the average-case memory performance, are not time predictable, especially when they are shared in multicore processors. To achieve time predictability while minimizing the impact on performance, this paper explores several time-predictable scratch-pad memory (SPM) based architectures for multicore processors. To support these architectures, we propose the dynamic memory objects allocation based partition, the static allocation based partition, and the static allocation based priority L2 SPM strategy to retain the characteristic of time predictability while attempting to maximize the performance and energy efficiency. The SPM based multicore architectural design and the related allocation methods thus form a comprehensive solution to hard real-time multicore based computing. Our experimental results indicate the strengths and weaknesses of each proposed architecture and the allocation method, which offers interesting on-chip memory design options to enable multicore platforms for hard real-time systems.
Parsonage and Tax Policy: Rethinking the Exclusion

This report urges changes to the parsonage exclusion of section 107 beyond the recent amendment intended to resolve the dispute between the parties in the pending Warren litigation and thus prevent the Ninth Circuit from considering he constitutionality of section 107. For both furnished housing and the paid housing allowance, the proposed revision of section 107 would broaden the reach of the provision beyond ministers of the gospel to employees of any public charity. Such broadening would avoid possible Establishment Clause problems by including religious organizations in a larger group. It would also reflect our longstanding decision to favor and encourage organizations exempt under section 501(c)(3). For revenue, as well as policy reasons, however, the benefits of revised section 107 would be limited to those employees who must be available for emergency call at all times to meet with members, clients, or patients. As so revised, section 107 would be likely to benefit employees of social service and health care organizations as well as ministers. The report proposes additional changes to the paid housing allowance. Under the suggested revision, qualified employees who rent or own their own homes would have an exclusion limited to a maximum of $15,000, a change that would transform the paid housing allowance into a special home office deduction. The paid housing allowance would also be subject to a phaseout as the total economic benefits paid to the employee increase above the level used to identify highly compensated employees under the pension laws, which is $90,000 for 2002. Section 107 revised along these lines would enable Congress, in our post-September 11 world, to encourage emergency provision of pastoral care, broadly defined, to a variety of charitable recipients.
Decision Tree Learning for Fraud Detection in Consumer Energy Consumption

The electrical grid is transitioning to new smart grid technology. With smart meters becoming an essential feature in smart homes, concerns regarding smart meters and the vast amount of consumer data that it captures are on the rise. While access to this fine-grained energy consumption data captured by smart meters can potentially violate consumer privacy, advanced analysis of this data can help to protect the interest of both the consumer and the utility company by enabling fraud detection at either end. The use of machine learning techniques has been a very common approach to energy fraud detection. Patterns in energy consumption can be recognized and used to detect anomalous behavior. This research reports on a novel application of decision tree learning technique to profile normal energy consumption behavior allowing for the detection of potentially fraudulent activity.
Time-of-flight compressed-sensing ultrafast photography for encrypted three-dimensional dynamic imaging

We applied compressed ultrafast photography (CUP), a computational imaging technique, to acquire three-dimensional (3D) images. The approach unites image encryption, compression, and acquisition in a single measurement, thereby allowing efficient and secure data transmission. By leveraging the time-of-flight (ToF) information of pulsed light reflected by the object, we can reconstruct a volumetric image (150 mm×150 mm×1050 mm, x × y × z) from a single camera snapshot. Furthermore, we demonstrated high-speed 3D videography of a moving object at 75 frames per second using the ToF-CUP camera.
ROOSEVELT, WILSON, AND THE DEMOCRATIC THEORY OF NATIONAL PROGRESSIVISM

The American Progressive Movement argued for both a democratization of the political process and deference to expert administrators. Relying on the work of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, the article endeavors to explore this tension and make some preliminary suggestions as to how it might be reconciled—at least in the eyes of its adherents—into a single democratic theory. Both Roosevelt and Wilson criticize the principles of the original Constitution for being insufficiently democratic and overly suspicious of the popular will, and they want to make public opinion a more direct force in national politics. Yet both are also suspicious of politics and its potential for corruption by “special interests,” and thus look for ways of empowering expert administrative agencies and insulating them from political influence. Wilson seems to understand the potential conflict between these two aims more than Roosevelt does, although both look to a popularized presidency as a means of reconciling consent and expertise.
Seamless audio splicing for ISO/IEC 13818 transport streams

This paper addresses the processing of packetized audio elementary streams (ES) during the splicing of ISO/IEC 13818 (MPEG-2) transport streams (TS). An algorithm is developed that produces a continuous audio ES across the splicing point, avoids all noticeable audio artifacts, and hence provides a seamless audio splice without the need to decode and reencode audio ESs. Perfect continuity with respect to the presentation time stamps (PTS) and careful management of the audio buffer level at all times lead to a glitch-free audio playout for an unlimited number of splices. The proposed algorithm parses the packetized audio ES up to the audio access unit (AAU) level and is very simple to implement.
Mortality and Parasitism of Cassida rubiginosa, a Thistle-feeding Shield Beetle Accidentally Introduced into North America

Five species of parasites were reared from the larval, pupal, or adult stages of Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), collected from northern Virginia during 1973 and 1974. They were: Tetrastichus rhosaces (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Eucelatoriopsis dimmocki (Aldrich) (Diptera: Tachinidae); Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae); Eupelmella vesicularis (Retzius) (Eupelmidae); and Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Ichneumonidae). T. rhosaces , a species not previously recorded from North America, is an obligate gregarious endoparasite while the other species are native facultative endoparasites. Of 2594 and 2314 cassid immatures collected in 1973 and 1974, respectively, 43.4 and 68.9% developed into adults, and 23.8 and 14.6% were parasitized.
Vegetable organogels incorporation in cream cheese products

Edible oleogels made from rice bran wax (RBW) or ethylcellulose (EC) organogelators in combination with vegetable oils and other non-fat ingredients were used to produce oleogel cream cheese products. Four oleogel cream cheese products, two containing RBW and two with EC, were prepared and compared to control samples including full-fat and fat-free commercial cream cheese samples. Upon compositional analysis, all the oleogel cream cheese (OCC) samples showed approximately a 25% reduction in total fat content in comparison to the full-fat commercial control. More specifically by the replacement of saturated fat with healthier unsaturated fat alternatives, an improved fatty acid profile of cream cheese products was documented. Similar compositional analysis was also performed on a cream cheese sample made with non-gelled vegetable oil. Using a single penetration test and a strain sweep test, oleogel cream cheese samples prepared with RBW displayed comparable hardness, spreadability, and stickiness values to the full-fat commercial control sample. EC OCC samples also showed comparable hardness, spreadability and stickiness values but exhibited reduced adhesiveness values compared to the full-fat control. The successful microstructural incorporation of oleogels into a cream cheese, along with similarities in fat globule size, between OCC samples and commercial controls was confirmed with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The similarity in microstructure can be accounted for the similarities in textural properties between the OCC samples and the full-fat control. These results provide a thorough characterization of the use of RBW and EC in oleogels and their potential as a healthy alternative to saturated fat in cream cheese applications.
A Survey of Consumer Attitudes Toward Products of the Major Industrial Nations

The success or failure of a firm is conditional to a large degree on the attitudes of those who are in a position to make purchasing decisions, either as consumers or as agents representing the interests of their countries or institutions. “Think" consumerism is going international. Japan took the first step in pioneering internationalization of consumer-oriented sales, by manufacturing their products for special segments of the market users. The main purpose of this study is to survey the attitudes of U.S. consumers toward products of the trading partners, and compare the results with other similar studies to evaluate the changes in perceptions.
General principles of management of fungal infections of the head and neck.

The adequate management of fungal infections of the head and neck revolves around five major principles: Timely diagnosis, usually dependent on a high index of suspicion; Control of local and systemic predisposing factors; Surgical debridement geared to the level of invasiveness of the fungus; Pharmacotherapy of the appropriate type, route of administration, and dosage; Long-term follow-up. Preventive measures, although typically out of the hands of otolaryngologists, should be instituted as feasible by the medical community at large.
Cholinergic dependence of gallbladder response to cholecystokinin in the guinea pig in vivo.

The physiological mechanism responsible for cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder (GB) contraction is unclear. We investigated the relative roles of direct muscle stimulation and neural activation at physiological and supraphysiological levels of CCK-octapeptide (CCK-8) using an in vivo guinea pig model. GB pressure was measured by a pressure transducer inserted into the GB lumen. Infusion of CCK-8 (2.5-40 ng.kg-1.min-1) increased GB pressure in a dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium antagonized GB responses to low doses of CCK-8 (2.5-5 ng.kg-1.min-1) but had no effect on doses greater than 10 ng.kg-1.min-1. Bilateral truncal vagotomy also significantly reduced GB responses to low doses of CCK-8 (2.5-5 ng.kg-1.min-1) but did not affect responses to high doses (10-40 ng.kg-1.min-1). Atropine or hexamethonium had no further inhibitory effects on guinea pigs that had undergone truncal vagotomy. Fasted guinea pigs that were fed ad libitum produced a postprandial peak plasma CCK level of 7.8 +/- 1.8 pM. This level was most closely approximated by infusion of 5 ng.kg-1.min-1 of CCK-8 (8.4 +/- 2.6 pM). CCK-8 infusion at greater than or equal to 10 ng.kg-1.min-1 gave supraphysiological plasma CCK levels. These observations indicate that CCK stimulated GB contraction via both a neural and a direct smooth muscle effect. Doses of CCK-8 that produce physiological plasma CCK levels act via stimulation of presynaptic cholinergic neurons in a vagally mediated pathway, whereas doses of CCK-8 that produce supraphysiological CCK levels act directly on GB smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Yield and Forage Value of a Dual-Purpose bmr-12 Sorghum Hybrid

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop for rainfed production systems with 2.7 million ha grown in the United States in 2013. The brown-midrib (bmr) mutations, especially bmr-12, have resulted in low stover lignin and high fiber digestibility without reducing grain yield in some sorghum lines. However, the effect of the bmr trait on beef cattle (Bos taurus) performance when grazing crop residue is unknown. Our objectives were to validate previous small-plot results reporting no grain yield difference between near-isogenic bmr-12 (BMR) and wild-type control (CON) A Wheatland × R Tx430 sorghum hybrids in a field-scale experiment and to determine if BMR stover enhances beef production in a grazing experiment. Four replicated paddocks (2.3 ha) were planted in 2006 and 2008 near Mead, NE. Crossbred yearling steers (240 ± 17 kg hd⁻¹) grazed (2.6 steers ha⁻¹) paddocks following grain harvest for 72 d in 2006 and 61 d in 2008. Forage was sampled 4, 30, and 60 d after grazing began. Grain yield of BMR was 6% less (P = 0.01) than CON with no difference in stover neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, but BMR stover had higher in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) (31%; P < 0.0001), steer average daily gain (ADG; 0.18 kg hd⁻¹ d⁻¹; P = 0.001), and body weight (BW) gain (29 kg ha⁻¹; P = 0.002), resulting in an estimated increase in net return of $133.84 ha⁻¹ due to BMR. Results suggest that the A Wheatland × R Tx430 bmr-12 hybrid is an effective dual-purpose sorghum crop for both grain and beef production.
The Chukchi Sea Planning Area, Alaska: Structural Development, Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Potential:

Seismic stratigraphic and seismic fault evidence both show that the Central Chukchi basin is a north-trending, fault-controlled basin, which developed at the beginning of early Mississippian time. About 20 km thickness of sediments have been deposited in the basin. Using a simple flexural model a series of 3-dimensional basement motion patterns with time was produced. From these characteristic patterns two stages of basement evolution can be recognized: the first is basement subsidence controlled by regional extensional fault systems during the period from early Mississippian to later Jurassic: the second stage is basement evolution as two nearly separate blocks from the beginning of Early Cretaceous. The west block development is related to reactivation of the old fault system, while the subsidence of the east block is caused by tectonism and associated sediment loading due to progressive thrusting northward of the Brooks Range.Quantitative basin modeling techniques show that many uncertainties occur whe...
Analyzing power consumption and characterizing user activities on smartwatches: summary

In this paper, we study real end-user data by releasing a logger application that monitors users while they are using their watches. We collect traces of real smartwatch user activities from 32 users (4 brands, 7 different models) and a total of 70 days of continuous use. We use traces to characterize usage and power consumption while identifying operational bottlenecks. Specifically, we develop a regression-based power model using system-level hardware components and analyze high-level characteristics: general usage behavior, interaction with the battery, total and component-wise power consumption, network activity, and power consumption of frequently run applications. Our models provide insights about the power breakdown among the hardware components. We present 9 major findings and observations including: (1) battery management is important: majority of users charge their devices every 15 hours; (2) screen and CPU consume more than half of the active power: on average, they use 38.5% and 32.6% of the active power, respectively; and (3) application characteristics affect power consumption: downloaded applications (from third party developers) consume up to 4 times more power than builtin applications.
Pseudo-leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement

The meninges covering the cerebrum and cerebellum consist of two types: the leptomeninges (thin covering, also known as pia mater) and the pachymeninges (tough covering, also known as dura mater). The vessels of the pachymeninges are outside of the blood-brain barrier and therefore certain compounds may leak through it (particularly in reactive or postoperative states), while the leptomeninges typically only exhibit enhancement with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (e.g., infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic conditions). Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement is usually irregular and often gyriform (i.e., not smooth along the convexity of the brain but rather following the gyri) and extends into the sulci, subarachnoid space, and cerebellar folia, while pachymeningeal enhancement typically appears smooth and occurs along the inner surface of the bony calvarium, along the falx, and along the tentorium.
Calmodulin limits pathogenic Na+ channel persistent current

Increased "persistent" current, caused by delayed inactivation, through voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels leads to cardiac arrhythmias or epilepsy. The underlying molecular contributors to these inactivation defects are poorly understood. Here, we show that calmodulin (CaM) binding to multiple sites within NaV channel intracellular C-terminal domains (CTDs) limits persistent Na+ current and accelerates inactivation across the NaV family. Arrhythmia or epilepsy mutations located in NaV1.5 or NaV1.2 channel CTDs, respectively, reduce CaM binding either directly or by interfering with CTD-CTD interchannel interactions. Boosting the availability of CaM, thus shifting its binding equilibrium, restores wild-type (WT)-like inactivation in mutant NaV1.5 and NaV1.2 channels and likewise diminishes the comparatively large persistent Na+ current through WT NaV1.6, whose CTD displays relatively low CaM affinity. In cerebellar Purkinje neurons, in which NaV1.6 promotes a large physiological persistent Na+ current, increased CaM diminishes the persistent Na+ current, suggesting that the endogenous, comparatively weak affinity of NaV1.6 for apoCaM is important for physiological persistent current.
Propagator-Controller Systems and Chemical Patterns

A (chemical) propagator-controller (PC) system is a reacting and diffusing system which supports chemical wave fronts in some chemical species (the propagator species), the velocity and wave forms of these fronts being modulated by the concentrations of other species (the controller species). The dynamics of the controller species may in turn be influenced by the concentrations of the propagator species.
Men, Muscles, and Eating Disorders: an Overview of Traditional and Muscularity-Oriented Disordered Eating.

Purpose of Review There is growing recognition that eating disorder (ED) symptoms, particularly those of a muscularity-oriented nature, are more common in men than previously understood. The purpose of the current review is to describe contemporary directions and implications of research on traditional and muscularity-oriented ED symptoms among males.
Animal Models and Fetal Programming of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

At least 28 animal models provide insight into the etiological and pathophysiological basis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). About 50% of them, however, either do not show sufficient traits meriting designation of a PCOS phenotype or exhibit alternate features mimicking other disorders, such as hyperprolactinemia. In contrast, animal models of fetal programming through androgen excess show remarkable resilience and reliability in replicating PCOS, including metabolic defects in males, and therefore strongly implicate a fetal etiology in the developmental origins of PCOS. This chapter reviews the relevance of animal models for PCOS and their potential value for providing insight into the etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder.
A New Framework for Cycle-by-Cycle Digital Control of Megahertz-Range Variable Frequency Buck Converters

This paper investigates a new method to model and control variable-frequency power converters in a switching-synchronized sampled-state space for cycle-by-cycle digital control. There are a number of significant benefits in comparison to other methods including fast dynamic performance together with ease of design and implementation. Theoretical results are presented and verified through hardware and simulations of a current-mode buck converter with constant on-time. Dynamic voltage scaling is among the applications that can benefit.