cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a DNA structural motif that includes the binding sites for Sp1, p53 and GA-binding protein

We have analyzed predicted helical twist angles in the 21-bp repeat region of the SV40 genome, using a semi-empirical model previously shown to accurately predict backbone conformations. Unexpectedly, the pattern of twist angles characteristic of the six GC-boxes is repeated an additional five times at positions that are regularly interspersed with the six GC-box sequences. These patterns of helical twist angles are associated with a second, imperfectly-repeated sequence motif, the TR-box 5'-RRNTRGG. Unrelated DNA sequences that interact with trans-acting factors (p53 and GABP) exhibit similar twist angle patterns, due to elements of the general form 5'-RRRYRRR that occur as interspersed arrays with a spacing of 10-11 bp and an offset of 4-6 bp. Arrays of these elements, which we call pyrimidine sandwich elements (PSEs), may play an important role in the interaction of trans-acting factors with DNA control regions. In 13 human proto-oncogenes analyzed, we identified 31 PSE arrays, 11 of which were in the 5'-flanking regions of the genes. The most extensive array was found in the promoter region of the K-ras gene. Extending over 80 bp of DNA, it contained 16 PSEs that showed an average deviation from the SV40 criterion pattern of angles of only 1.2 degrees.
Bewley Diagrams Revisited via Visualization

The paper applies the well-known red-green-blue (RGB) coloring method to visualize traveling waves initiated by switching events or faults occurring in power systems. The three-phase voltage profile along a given transmission line is obtained first. This profile is then converted into a colored picture by assigning different colors to phase signals according to their intensity. An interesting outcome of repeating this process for each time step is the emergence of the Bewley diagram which is commonly used to illustrate the behavior of traveling waves in space-time. The main contribution of the paper is to show that RGB coloring of phase signals reveals essentially the same profile as the one obtained by using the aerial mode of the signals transformed into the modal domain. Furthermore, it discusses how this result can possibly be useful in applications such as fault location.
An Islet Cell Carcinoma Containing Glucagon and Insulin: Chronic Glucagon Excess and Glucose Homeostasis

Described here is a patient who had an islet cell carcinoma containing both glucagon (glucagonoma) and insulin (insulinoma). Complete removal of the tumor was possible. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) could be extracted from all parts of the tumor (approximately 50 μg./gm.) and was shown to be fully bioactive. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) could be extracted only from one section of the tumor (approximately 30 μg/gm.). The clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disease were dermatitis, diabetes, weight loss, anemia, hypoaminoacidemia, and hyperketonemia. The diabetes was characterized by low or normal fasting blood glucose concentrations and by unpaired glucose tolerance (Kg = 0.4). After complete removal of the tumor, the dermatitis cleared, the catabolic state changed into an anabolic state, blood amino acid concentrations increased, and blood ketone-body concentrations decreased. Fasting blood glucose concentrations, however, rose above 200 mg./dl., and glucose tolerance declined further (Kg = 0.15). Hourly blood sampling for 24 hours, intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests, intravenous arginine and tolbutamide tolerance tests with serial determinations of IRG, IRI, and blood glucose were performed preoperatively and again two weeks and two months postoperatively. The results of these studies demonstrated marked abnormalities in the stimulation and suppression of glucagon and insulin release. In addition, they failed to demonstrate a glycemic effect on the chronically elevated glucagon concentrations in this patient, while identifying insulin as the dominant factor determining blood glucose homeostasis.
Variables Influencing Food Habits of White-Tailed Deer on the George Reserve

Food habits of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were studied from sam- ples taken on the E.S. George Reserve, Michigan, between 1967 and 1974 to determine variation due to technique, season, years, sex, age, and population density. Techniques included rumen separation, rumen point frame, and fecal microhistological examination. There were significant differences in proportions of diet by forage classes between techniques. However, all techniques gave similar relative importances of forage classes. Diets varied seasonally with mixtures domi- nated by grasses in spring, forbs in early summer, leafy green browse in late summer, and acorns and other fruits in fall. Acorns were the most preferred foods, but other fruits were consumed in higher quantities in autumn of years of poor acorn production. Grasses predominated in winter during snow-free periods, and evergreen woody browse when snow depth exceeded 7.5 cm. However, at the lowest deer population densities winter diets were dominated by grasses and forbs even with snow cover. There was substantial year-to-year variation in forage classes con- sumed due to differences in food availability. There was a significant difference in acorn con- sumption by 2- and 3-year-old females, which was lower than that of females of other ages and of males. Lower consumption of acorns by these females was associated with higher consumption of seeds other than acorns and fruits. There was little change in food species selected with reduction of population density, but increased body weights and antler sizes suggested higher forage quality.
CHILDREN'S DISTURBED REACTIONS TO PARENT SUICIDE*

The frequent involvement of suicide's children in the emotional context leading to and surrounding their parent's suicide, and the profound psychological impact of parent suicide upon a child is reported in this clinical study. The role of guilt and distortions of communication consequent to the suicide are found among the particularly crucial dimensions of the pathogenic effects of parent suicide.
Acceptance of wearable technology by people with Alzheimer's disease: issues and accommodations.

The increasing number of cognitively impaired older adults who exhibit wandering tendencies raises safety concerns. The purpose of the current study was to research the State-of the-Art in Wearable Technologies for persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and identify challenges unique to this population and lessons learned. Inclusion criteria specified systems/devices that completed laboratory testing and were commercially available for usage by community-based Alzheimer’s family caregivers. Methods included a series of Internet product searches and telephone interviews with related corporate representatives and participant’s referrals. Results indicated many products in development or academic research use but only a limited number were available that met the study criteria. The interviews with key informants revealed features necessary to consider when making products to be worn by persons with cognitive impairment. In conclusion, there is no ideal solution and opportunities remain for marketplace innovations ...
The Multiplex Disadvantage and Excess Low-Frequency Noise

Analysis of the performance of a Fourier transform spectrometer with respect to source shot and flicker noises is presented. It was found that source shot noise uniformly distributes throughout the baseline, whereas source flicker noise remains localized about the generating spectral region(s).
A space-time minimum cost flow phase unwrapping algorithm for the generation of persistent scatterers deformation time-series

We have investigated the phase retrieval capability of the Extended Minimum Cost Flow (EMCF) phase unwrapping (PhU) approach in the framework of the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) algorithms for the generation of deformation time-series. The presented technique exploits an appropriate selection of full resolution interferograms obtained via a triangulation step carried out in the Temporal/Perpendicular baseline plane, where the available SAR image sequence is represented. Moreover, the phase unwrapping procedure is implemented via the cascade of two steps, based on the conventional Minimum Cost Flow (MCF) algorithm, that allows us to exploit both the spatial characteristics and the temporal relationships among the produced interferograms. The presented experiments, carried out by analyzing a set of 43 ERS SAR images relevant to an area of the city of Rome (Italy), confirm the effectiveness of the exploited PhU approach.
Light scattering of monodispersed polystyrene latexes

The intensity of light scattered by four monodispersed polystyrene latexes has been measured at 45°, 90°, and 135°. The polarization ratios and dissymmetries have been compared with newly computed Mie-theory functions. The range of validity of the Rayleigh-Gans theory for m=1.20 has been discussed. A discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical values for the dissymmetry has been observed and accounted for in terms of secondary scattering.
Sustained, area-wide control of Aedes aegypti using CDC autocidal gravid ovitraps

We have shown that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO trap) reduced the Aedes aegypti population and prevented mosquito outbreaks in southern Puerto Rico. After showing treatment efficacy for 1 year, we deployed three traps per home in an area that formerly did not have traps and in a site that served as the intervention area. Two new areas were selected as reference sites to compare the density of Ae. aegypti without traps. We monitored mosquitoes and weather every week in all four sites. The hypotheses were the density of Ae. aegypti in the former reference area converges to the low levels observed in the intervention area, and mosquito density in both areas having control traps is lower than in the new reference areas. Mosquito density in the former reference area decreased 79% and mosquito density in the new reference areas was 88% greater than in the intervention areas.
Regular Article: Hybrid Atomistic–Continuum Formulations and the Moving Contact-Line Problem

We present a hybrid atomistic-continuum computational framework for the treatment of dense fluid problems with emphasis on the coupling of molecular dynamics with continuum (finite element/spectral) methods for problems involving multi-fluid dynamics in the presence of multi-fluid interfaces. The technique is an extension of the single-fluid framework already presented by the author. The well-known moving contact-line problem is used as a validation example. A hybrid solution that employs molecular dynamics close to the walls where molecular effects are important and continuum fluid mechanics in the remainder of the domain (far field region) is obtained. A fully molecular solution of the same problem serves as an exact solution. Various issues related to dense fluid atomistic-continuum techniques are discussed and contrasted to the already existing but less general dilute gas techniques. Numerical considerations are discussed with particular emphasis on efficiency, and a formulation that reduces computational cost is proposed.
Cultural Competence and Cultural Compensatory Mechanisms in Binational Households

Although it is well-known that the U.S. population is increasingly culturally diverse, cultural diversity within U.S. households is less recognized. This study investigates the effects of cultural dynamics on decision roles and influence within the binational household. In particular, the authors study households in which one spouse is from the United States and the other is an immigrant. The analysis uses survey data and in-depth interviews. Cultural competence (i.e., knowledge of country of residence) as a source of expert power and as a form of cultural capital in family decision making emerge as overarching themes. The authors also find that one family member may engage in cultural compensatory mechanisms in consumption in response to the immigrant family member's sacrifices (i.e., moving to the United States). The authors close with a discussion of the implications for family decision-making theory, marketers, and society.
Patching up the Myocardium

### Composite Scaffold Provides a Cell Delivery Platform for Cardiovascular Repair Godier-Furnemont et al Proc Nat Acad Sci . 2011. doi:10.1073/pnas.1104619108 Cell therapy, while retaining promise for cardiac regeneration, has thus far been encumbered by variable and unpredictable fates of delivered cells. In a recent issue of PNAS , Godier-Furnemont and colleagues describe a new strategy to regulate cell delivery by promoting specific migration and growth factor secretion behaviors of implanted cells from a decellularized matrix via biochemical preconditioning. To address the insufficiency of endogenous cardiac repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction, Godier-Furnemont et al1 report the use of a fully biological implantable tissue patch comprising decellularized human myocardium, fibrin hydrogel, and human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Their study shows that preconditioning with a low concentration of TGF-β promotes a pro-vascular phenotype in MPCs that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit when implanted in ischemic myocardium. Additionally, they demonstrate that the combination of MPC preconditioning with delivery within the tissue patch is more effective in preventing the deterioration of cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial …
Recurrence of depression during pregnancy: psychosocial and personal functioning correlates.

Background: This study examined psychosocial and personal functioning during pregnancy in women at risk for depression recurrence based on having had at least one major depressive episode (MDE) preceding the pregnancy. Methods: Three groups of women, who differed in recurrence of depression during pregnancy, were compared: (1) women who had at least one recurrent episode meeting diagnostic criteria for a MDE (n 523), (2) women who had a recurrence of clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms but did not meet criteria for a MDE (n 518), and (3) women who had no recurrence of depression (n 538) during pregnancy. Results: Results indicated that recurrences of depression during pregnancy are associated with a range of psychosocial and personal functioning correlates. Furthermore, the correlates of depression during pregnancy were the same for women who met diagnostic criteria for MDE and women who had subthreshold levels of depression. Conclusions: The findings support extending psychosocial models of depression to depression recurrence during pregnancy with an emphasis on the broader context within which depression occurs. The findings also have implications for understanding subclinical depression during pregnancy as being associated with problems in functioning equal in severity and breadth to episodes of major depression. Depression and Anxiety 26:557–567, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. y
Gender differences in internalizing symptoms and suicide risk among men and women seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder from late adolescence to middle adulthood

Cannabis continues to rise in popularity as the perception of its harmfulness decreases and evidence of its deleterious developmental effect increases. While internalizing distress and suicide risk have been linked with cannabis use problems [DSM-5 cannabis use disorder (CUD); DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence] it remains unclear how this association varies over the course of development in treatment-seeking men and women. The current study utilized the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (NIDA CTN) to conduct a cross-sectional comparison of internalizing distress and suicide risk among men (n=437) and women (n=163) spanning ages 18-50 who met DSM-5 criteria for CUD. Interactions between gender and developmental stage (i.e., late adolescence, early adulthood, and middle adulthood) were observed for suicide risk and anxiety but not depression problems. Specifically, women seeking CUD treatment in late adolescence and middle adulthood exhibited significantly higher rates of anxiety and suicide risk compared to men seeking treatment during the same developmental stages. Internalizing distress and suicide risk did not differ between treatment-seeking men and women in the early adult stage. Overall, results suggest that the structure of risk for CUD may differ in men and women across the lifespan and that women presenting for CUD treatment during late adolescence and middle adulthood may uniquely benefit from intervention designed to address these elevations in anxiety and suicide risk.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A FIFTH VITIVIRUS IN GRAPEVINE

A virus species provisionally named Grapevine virus F (GVF) was found in grapevine by deep sequencing. GVF is a vitivirus distinctly different from the other four members of this genus, as shown by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. An RT-PCR test was developed for the detection of this virus. In a collection of 454 grapevine accessions from worldwide sources, an infection rate of 7% was found.
Homologous artificial insemination after long-term semen cryopreservation.

Although there are sporadic reports of pregnancies using semen after long-term cryopreservation, there are no data on the success rate of this procedure and its clinical feasibility. Between 1969 and 1980, 475 men deposited semen specimens prior to vasectomy or therapeutic sterilization. Prefreeze sperm counts and motility were significantly higher in the prevasectomy group. Later, 5 wives of 177 vasectomized men and 16 wives of 183 therapeutically sterilized men returned for artificial insemination with their husbands' semen. Only 1 conception resulted among the 21 women. This occurred after a single insemination of a 7-year-old specimen obtained prevasectomy. The post-thaw motility of this specimen (45%) was better than that of most other thawed specimens. Post-thaw motilities were unpredictable despite comparable prefreeze motilities. Because of this unpredictability, semen cryopreservation is clearly no guarantee of "fertility insurance."
Living With Parents and Emerging Adults’ Depressive Symptoms:

Whether moving back home after a period of economic independence, or having never moved out, the share of emerging adults living with parents is increasing. Yet little is known about the associations of coresidence patterns and rationales for coresidence for emerging adult well-being. Using the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 891), we analyzed depressive symptoms among emerging adults who (1) never left the parental home; (2) returned to the parental home; and (3) were not currently living with a parent. About one-fifth of emerging adults had boomeranged or moved back in with their parents. Among those living with parents, nearly two-fifths had boomeranged or returned to their parental home and they reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Among coresident emerging adults, both intrinsic and utilitarian motivations (i.e., enjoy living with parents and employment problems) partially mediated the association between coresidence and depressive symptoms. Returning to the parental home was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms only among emerging adults experiencing employment problems. These findings are especially relevant because the recession hit emerging adults particularly hard. The ability to distinguish boomerang emerging adults and emerging adults who have never left home provides a more nuanced understanding of parental coresidence during this phase of the life course.
Abstract 1619: Discovering a new physiological substrate of Aurora-A kinase

Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase that has oncogenic properties in vivo. The expression and kinase activity of Aurora-A are up-regulated in many cancers including prostate cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Aurora-A is one of the key regulators of mitosis that localizes to the centrosome from G2 phase through mitotic exit, where it regulates mitotic spindle formation and centrosome separation. Although Aurora-A is known to be an oncogene, few Aurora-A substrates have been identified. It is essential to elucidate Aurora-A substrates to develop biomarkers for Aurora-A inhibitors, and to identify new targets downstream of Aurora-A for cancer therapy. To identify new Aurora-A substrates, an Aurora-A Reverse In-gel Kinase Assay was developed. The basis of this method is co-polymerization of a denatured protein kinase throughout a polyacrylamide gel followed by protein refolding. Subsequently, an in-gel kinase reaction in the presence of γ-32P-ATP allows phosphorylation of potential kinase substrates that can be located by autoradiography. Phosphorylated proteins can be extracted from the gel and identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Using this method, we were able to identify Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) as an Aurora-A kinase substrate. Preliminary in vitro kinase experiments verify phosphorylation of recombinant NuMA C-terminus by Aurora-A. The identification of Aurora-A phosphorylation site/s will permit a better understanding of Aurora-A function in normal and cancer cells. The location of Aurora-A phosphorylation of NuMA and consequences of their mutation will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1619. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1619
The growth of ionic crystals based on the halogenation of copper cluster anions.

We investigated the halogenation reactivity of copper cluster anions produced via a magnetron-sputter source after introduction into a fast-flow tube reaction apparatus simultaneously with chlorine gas. Interesting cluster products corresponding to [CunCln+1]− (n = 1–6) were observed with notable stability, and the mass distribution of these clusters exhibits an exponential decay with increasing values of n. Reaction kinetics analysis is provided on the gas-phase reactivity of copper cluster anions with chlorine. First-principle calculations suggest a series of cubic-like structures for these species similar to the structure of alkali halide clusters due to their similar electronic configurations. These structures act as a starting point in the formation of ionic crystals.
Helicopter Interfacility Transport of Pediatric Trauma Patients: Are We Overutilizing a Costly Resource?

To determine the frequency that injured pediatric patients who were inter-facility transported by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) to a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center (PTC) received time-sensitive interventions immediately upon arrival. HEMS can provide an important service during inter-facility transports by decreasing transport times when compared to ground ambulances. However, while transport via HEMS is typically faster, the decreased transportation time comes at the expense of increased risks to the patient and the flight crew and higher costs …
Origin of Autoantibodies

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a characteristic serological signature, including most notably anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies. In humans, these autoantibodies may be regulated differently, as anti-dsDNA antibodies fluctuate with disease activity, whereas anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies tend to remain at high levels for extended periods. Disorders of B-cell activation/survival, endosomal toll-like receptor/type I interferon signaling, and clearance of apoptotic cells are associated with partial lupus-like syndromes characterized by limited disease manifestations and autoantibodies. Clinically, these syndromes are most frequently associated with evidence of glomerulonephritis, such as renal immune complex deposition and histological changes. Interestingly, the requirements for generating anti-dsDNA autoantibodies appear less stringent than those for anti-Sm/RNP, suggesting that abnormal B-cell activation, interferon production, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells may act synergistically to produce a more diverse autoantibody profile and more widespread disease.
Cooling enhancement in optical refrigeration by non-resonant optical cavities

We present a study of cooling enhancement in optical refrigerators by the implementation of advanced non-resonant optical cavities. Cavity designs have been studied to maximize pump light-trapping to improve absorption and thereby increase the efficiency of optical refrigeration. The approaches of non-resonant optical cavities by Herriott-cell and totalinternal- reflection were studied. Ray-tracing simulations and experiments were performed to analyze and optimize the different light-trapping configurations. Light trapping was studied for laser sources with high quality beams and for beams with large divergences, roughly corresponding to the output from fiber lasers and from diode lasers, respectively. We present a trade-off analysis between performance, reliability, and manufacturability.
Unstart phenomena induced by mass addition and heat release in a model scramjet

The unstart phenomena in a model scramjet with a free stream Mach number of 4.5 were investigated at an arc-heated hypersonic wind tunnel. High-speed schlieren imaging and high resonance frequency pressure measurements were used to capture the flow features during the unstart process. Three unstart conditions were tested: (i) a low-enthalpy free stream with mass loading, (ii) a high-enthalpy free stream with mass loading and (iii) a high-enthalpy free stream with mass loading and heat release. It was revealed that the unstart threshold and the time from the onset to the completion of unstart depended strongly on the mass loading rate and the heat exchange. The negative heat addition (cooling) significantly increased the threshold of mass flow rate triggering unstart. The decrement of the mass flow rate threshold for unstart was observed in the presence of heat release by combustion. The observed transient and quasi-steady behaviours of the unstart shockwave system and the jet motion were similar in all of the test conditions. On the other hand, at the lip of inlet model, the unstart shockwave under the cold free stream condition exhibited a relatively steady behaviour while severe oscillatory flow motions of the jet and the unstart shockwave were observed in the combustion-driven unstart process. The different unstarted flow behaviours between the three flow conditions were explained using a simplified one-dimensional flow choking analysis and use of the Korkegi criterion.
Linear parameter-varying approach for modeling rapid thermal processes

In the present paper, a new approach is presented to model rapid thermal processing (RTP) systems. Within the past decade, RTP has achieved acceptance as the mainstream technology for semiconductor manufacturing. Thermal processing is one of the most efficient ways to control the phase-structure properties; moreover, the time duration of RTP systems reduces the so-called thermal budget significantly compared to the traditional methods. RTP implementation is based on the use of light from heating lamps to provide a heat flux. This process is highly nonlinear due to the radiative heat transfer and material properties. By invoking the first principles-based models, we develop in this paper a linear parameter-varying (LPV) model to directly account for all the nonlinearities within the system. The model is then discretized into a high-order affine LPV system; thereafter, principal component analysis (PCA) method is utilized to reduce the number of LPV model's scheduling variables, followed by the use of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for model order reduction. Finally, simulations demonstrate that the low-order LPV model, which is in a form suitable for controller design purposes, retains the properties of the original full-order model.
The Hypocrite’s Trap

“Hypocrite’s Trap” examines the coal industry’s response to the fossil fuel divestment movement. Using a realist style of rhetoric, the coal industry and its allies in the oil and gas industry, conservative think tanks, and conservative media set a rhetorical trap for divestment advocates, the “Hypocrite’s Trap.” Three moves set the trap: establishing ignorance, exposing complicity, and naming hypocrisy. Industry advocacy characterizes the divestment movement as idealistic and unrealistic, elitist and dangerous, and hypocritical and immoral. In so doing, the hypocrite’s trap thus reinscribes divestment activists as individual consumers, rather than members of a collective movement. It also positions itself as a heroic provider of energy for the poor. This strategy positions the advocates of divestment as hypocrites but also reasserts the neoliberal reality, reasonableness, and virtue of the market.
Static Optimization and Economic Theory

Optimization occupies a most central place in modern economics. This is due to several reasons. As T. C. Koopmans noted in his 1975 Nobel memorial lecture: “The economist as such does not advocate criteria of optimality. He may invent them.⋯the ultimate choice is made by the procedure of decision making inherent in the institutions, laws and customs of society.” The distinction between positivistic and normative economic behavior is often useful for analytic convenience and many positive behavior may be derived by a process of implicit or subjective optimization. For example the shadow price of a constrained resource may be more realistic in reflecting its scarcity, though it may not always be realized in the actual market price. Secondly, the concept of an optimum may sometimes be replicated by a market equilibrium as in Adam Smith’s theory of “the invisible hand” of a competitive system and one may ask if the price adjustments in the market tend to be equilibriating or not. Even in game theory models, where different players may pursue different and at times conflicting goals, the concepts of cooperative or noncoopertive equilibrium also involve optimization procedures. Recently the models of rational expectations in macroeconomic theory have emphasized specific normative hypotheses which assume that the agents use optimizing decisions in their expectation formation. Lastly, in dynamic situations over time disequilibrium models are increasingly applied in modern empirical economics which involve sequential search towards the dynamic optimum, or various adjustment costs due to errors.
Applications of digital human modeling in industry

This paper represents current and probable applications of Digital Human Modeling (DHM) in different industries. Three real-world challenges, Cummins Inc. (New Product Launches), NASA (Ground Operations), Purdue University (DHM in Curriculum), are investigated for current/probable benefits of DHM. Direct contacts with company representatives and academic faculty were established to understand the current challenges and probable demands of tasks/operations in industry where DHM tools can be utilized. Dassault Systemes' CATIA V5 PLM solution package and UGS Tecnomatix JACK DHM software was utilized to offer a resolution for industrial (Cummins Inc. and NASA) challenges and a software manual (JACK) is developed to enhance the engineering curriculum at Purdue University. The results indicated that DHM tools have potential to improve the product development challenges and provides control of the entire process of designing and analyzing a product before it's ever launched. DHM in engineering curriculum would also increase the integration/adaptation of DHM tools in industry.
Paper-based microfluidics for experimental design: screening masking agents for simultaneous determination of Mn(II) and Co(II)

This work describes an efficient, generalizable approach towards the identification (and mitigation) of interferences for colorimetric detection using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Colorimetric detection is commonly used in conjunction with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices; however, many colorimetric reagents lack selectivity. The selectivity problem is particularly true for metal detection where colorimetric ligands can complex with multiple metals. Many solution-based studies have investigated methods to mask interfering metals, but solution-based procedures do not always apply to paper sensors where the reagents are dried and the cellulosic functional groups may also interact with metals. Here, a simple eight-armed microfluidic paper-based analytical device has been designed to rapidly screen masking agents for the detection of transition metals using the non-specific colorimetric ligand 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol as a model system to optimize conditions. The combination of dimercaptosuccinic acid and triethylenetetramine in pH 10 borate buffer was identified for selective determination of Mn(II) with greater than 87% masking of interfering metals. A combination of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid and triethylenetetramine in pH 10 phosphate buffer was identified for selective determination of Co(II) with greater than 96% masking for most of the interfering metals although Fe(II), Fe(III), and Ni(II) still interfere. While used for this specific system, the approach described here is generalizable for ligand and interference screening with potential applications to a number of different assays performed on μPADs.
Bleeding Score as a Preoperative Predictor of Postoperative Bleeding in Type 1 Von Willebrand Disease.

Type 1 Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder, affecting 1% of the population, and caused by a quantitative deficiency of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF). In addition to mucosal bleeding, VWD patients often suffer postoperative bleeding, leading to significant morbidity. Thus, a preoperative diagnosis could potentially reduce postoperative bleeding. Because symptoms correlate poorly with VWD assays, subject to extragenic effects and lab variability, diagnosis is difficult. The bleeding score (BS) is a simple quantitative tool recently developed to rate bleeding symptom severity, with 99% specificity for VWD. To determine the potential utility of BS in predicting postoperative bleeding in VWD, we evaluated preoperative BS by retrospective review of type 1 VWD patients who suffered postoperative bleeding prior to diagnosis. Preoperative clinical bleeding symptoms and VWD assays, including VWF:RCo, VWF:Ag, and FVIII:C, were obtained. The severity of clinical bleeding symptoms present prior to surgery was rated by the 4-point BS scale: 0 = no/trivial; 1 = present; 2 = intervention required; 3 = replacement therapy. Statistical analysis was by chi square analysis and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data, and by student t test for continuous data. Of 260 registered type 1 VWD patients, 71 (27.3 %) experienced surgical bleeding prior to a diagnosis of VWD. Of these 56 (78.9%) were female, 48 (67.6%) were adults (≥ 18 yr), and 61 (85.9%) had a family bleeding history. The surgeries included general, gynecologic, genitourinary, and otolaryngologic procedures. The median preop BS, 3 in females and 4 in adults, was significantly higher than in males and children, each median 1, p 3, p = 0.001. Yet this significantly improved by combining BS with family history, 91.3% vs 95.8%, not different from adults, p = 0.591. We conclude that obtaining a preoperative BS and family bleeding history may reduce postoperative bleeding and promote timely diagnosis among individuals with type 1 VWD patients, particularly children.
Interactions of Fungi and Radionuclides in Soil

Following the development of nuclear weapons and the subsequent evolution of nuclear energy-generating industries, there has been considerable concern regarding the safe storage of radionuclide waste. Widescale release, in the aftermath of nuclear detonations or as the result of malfunction of atomic energy plants and reprocessing facilities, has also been a preoccupation. The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations on the ecological aspects of radionuclide release were discussed by Coughtree (1983), in which Heal and Horrill (1983) summarized element transfers within terrestrial ecosystems, highlighting the importance of organic soil horizons and their microbial communities as potential accumulators of both nutrient elements and radionuclides. This was a significant step forward from initial discussions of the impact of radionuclide fallout on ecosystems, where the involvement of fungi in regulating radionuclide movement was limited to one sentence in a paragraph describing radionuclide accumulation in organic horizons of forest soils, which may be related to fungal biomass (Osburn 1967). Now, in a more recent model of radiocesium migration in forest ecosystems, Avila and Moberg (1999) place fungal activity in the pivotal point of the diagonal of their interaction matrix, as one of the important biotic regulators of radionuclide movement in soils. Concerns over global climate change and the limitations of conventional fuels is making the world consider alternative energy sources other than fossil fuels. One of these alternatives, nuclear energy, is already in use in many countries, although its expansion has been shadowed by the explosion of the reactor at Chernobyl, Ukraine in 1986. It is likely, however, that there will be future expansion of nuclear activity, which may lead to an increased possibility of local or widespread nuclear contamination of terrestrial systems. It is, therefore, essential that we have adequate knowledge of the behavior of radionuclides in a variety of environments and enough
Classified, Annotated List of Available Films Riding, Horses, and Subjects Pertaining to Horses

(1943). Classified, Annotated List of Available Films on Riding, Horses, and Subjects Pertaining to Horses. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 194-198.
A Note on Selected Names of Colorado Medical Marijuana Dispensaries

This article offers information about the names of marijuana dispensaries in Colorado. First, it provides a brief overview of popular cultural references to the drug in film and music. Second, it considers its medical uses. Third, it examines legal issues related to its sale and use. Fourth, it reviews briefly the slang terminology for marijuana. Fifth, it discusses the notion of “dispensary.” Sixth, it utilizes an existing database of 424 names for medical marijuana dispensaries in Colorado. Finally, it considers selected linguistic aspects of the names for marijuana dispensaries in Colorado.
Consumer search, transshipment, and bargaining power in a supply chain

We study a decentralised supply chain with one manufacturer and two symmetric retailers who could transship their excess inventory between each other. Without transshipment, the retailer’s unsatisfied customers search and buy the product at the other retailer with some probability. With transshipment, the retailer can transship the other retailer’s excess inventory to fulfil its own unmet demand. However, a transshipment price is often charged by one retailer for transshipping goods to another. We show the retailer’s profit is unimodal in the transshipment price, and the manufacturer’s profit increases in the customer search probability. Although the retailer’s preference over transshipment depends on the magnitude of search probability and transshipment price, the retailer may always prefer the transshipment no matter their magnitude. We then study the effect of bargaining power over the transshipment decision (whether to transship between retailers and at what transshipment price). Our analysis suggests...
The Iowa Debacle

As the lead-off state in the nominating process, Iowa has come to occupy a very powerful position in American politics and in the nominating process of our presidential candidates. The huge resources, time, energy, and press coverage dedicated to this obscure state every four years deserves a critical analysis as to the necessity of having a single state hold this position year after year. Through this scrutiny, the limitations of having Iowa hold this position will be shown using standards for an effective democratic process. A system based on voter turnout is proposed as a possible solution to the dilemma.
Online Deliberation in the Wake of the Colombian Peace Process

This paper reports the design and implementation of an online platform aimed at depolarizing Colombian citizens in the wake of the 2016 peace agreement. The platform, called Atrevete (‘dare to try’), based on deliberative democracy, was created to allow citizens to discuss issues in groups. It exploits Colombia’s high online connectivity to provide a safe, anonymous environment for expressing opinions related to the government and the guerrillas. The need for virtual platforms is particularly pressing, since the peace process continues to divide Colombians. While Colombians have historically supported negotiations with the guerrillas over military solutions, the people still voted against the October 2016 peace referendum by a narrow margin. Preliminary findings suggest that Atrevete could aid bridge building among citizens and the project could be replicated in other divided nations.
Comparing the awareness of and beliefs in sexually transmitted infections among university students in Madagascar and the United States of America.

Young adults have a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than other age groups. This risk may be mediated by their social and cultural setting which can impact young adults' awareness of, beliefs in, and risk of contracting STIs (including HIV/AIDS). In order to understand how these factors vary among young adults of different cultures, it is important to study these issues on a cross-cultural scale. This study aimed to increase understanding of the relationship between the culture of a place of study and: (1) STI awareness; (2) belief in STIs; and (3) self-reported STI prevalence in the study population. Survey data were collected from university students in Madagascar (n = 242 surveys in 2013) and the United States of America (n = 199 surveys in 2015). Compared to students at the American university, students at the Malagasy university: (1) did not appear to have a conclusively lower awareness of STIs; (2) did not differ in rates of belief in the existence of gonorrhea and syphilis, but had higher rates of disbelief in HIV/AIDS; and (3) were more likely to report having been infected with syphilis and gonorrhea, but not with HIV/AIDS. Students at the Malagasy university also listed different reasons than the students at the American university for why they believed in the existence of STIs. These findings highlight the need for further cross-cultural research to better adapt intervention strategies to different cultural settings.
Assessment of Heparin Anticoagulation Measured Using i-STAT and Hemochron Activated Clotting Time

Objective Adequate anticoagulation, measured using activated clotting time (ACT), is important during vascular and cardiac surgeries. Unfractionated heparin is the most common anticoagulant used. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the i-STAT ACT (iACT) to the Hemochron ACT (hACT), both of which were then compared to anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) assay, a representation of heparin level and activity. Design Prospective study. Setting Tertiary care cardiovascular center. Participants Eleven consecutive elective adult cardiac surgical patients. Interventions Prior to cardiopulmonary bypass, ACTs were measured using i-STAT and Hemochron technologies and compared to each other and to anti-Xa assay prior to and during a cumulative administration of heparin. Data were compared using bias analyses. Measurements and Main Results Heparin (300 U/kg) was administered in quarterly doses. Coagulation labs were collected prior to and 3 minutes after each quarterly dose of heparin. The baseline ACTs for i-STAT and Hemochron were 147 and 142 seconds, respectively. A significant association was found between iACT and hACT (p = 0.002). The iACT measurements underestimated hACT at ACT levels >180 seconds or anti-Xa levels >0.75 U/mL. No significant difference was found between ACT data at anti-Xa levels Conclusion There was a good association between the iACT and hACT; however, the 2 tests are not equivalent. Overall, the iACT underestimated the hACT. Agreement between the ACT technologies was good at lower ACTs and anti-Xa levels, but declined with an anti-Xa >0.75 U/mL.
Emerging Role of MicroRNA in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Despite the availability of a number of therapeutic options, diabetes is growing at epidemic proportions worldwide. Identifying and characterizing novel targets for treating diabetes is therefore of paramount importance. Recent studies have implicated microRNA (miR), a small, noncoding RNA molecule, in the etiology of diabetes, suggesting a novel avenue for the treatment of diabetes. This review gives a brief snapshot of selected recent studies related to the role of miR in diabetes.
Can hadronic rescattering explain the ``jet quenching'' at relativistic energies?

Recent relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) data have shown novel nuclear modifications of moderate- to high-p{sub T} particle production in central Au+Au collisions, including a suppression of hadron production and a disappearance of back-to-back hadron pairs. In this paper, we investigate whether final-state hadronic interactions of the jet fragments can reproduce the RHIC data. We find that hadronic rescattering can account for the disappearance of back-to-back hadron pairs but cannot reproduce other features of the RHIC data.
Hepatotoxicity With Elevated Bilirubin Secondary to Prophylactic Doses of Unfractionated Heparin: A Case Report and Review of Heparin-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Objective: To report a case of heparin-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient without prior liver dysfunction who received prophylactic doses of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Case Summary: A 70-year-o...
Effectiveness of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Treating Protein-Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis: A Rapid Systematic Review

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is commonly requested before recommended therapies in malnourished patients on hemodialysis. This review provides updated critical synthesis of the evidence on the use of IDPN in patients on hemodialysis. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and other sources to identify evidence. Two reviewers sequentially selected studies, abstracted data, rated study quality, and synthesized evidence using predefined criteria. IDPN did not improve clinically relevant outcomes compared with dietary counseling or oral supplementation and had varied results compared with usual care in 12 studies. Data are limited on adverse events or cost-effectiveness of IDPN. Important limitations of the evidence, including limited measurement of clinically important outcomes, methodological concerns, and heterogeneity between studies, weaken our confidence in these findings. IDPN may be a reasonable treatment option for patients who fail to respond or cannot receive recommended treatments, but the broad usage of IDPN before recommended treatment options does not appear warranted.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs and the Patient–Prescriber Encounter: A Systematic Review

We systematically reviewed the research on patients’ and prescribers’ perceptions of, and self-reported behaviors prompted by, exposure to direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) (For ease of reading...