cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histochemical and Functional Correlations in Anterior Horn Neurons of the Cat Spinal Cord

The histochemical reaction for phosphorylase is completely lost from anterior horn neurons rich in phosphorylase within 72 hours after proximal or distal axonal section. Using this new type of axonal reaction as a marking technique in the anterior horn of the seventh lumbar spinal cord segment of the cat, we demonstrated that (i) alpha motor neurons of slow twitch motor units, like those of fast twitch motor units, are rich in phosphorylase and poor in succinate dehydrogenase, and (ii) interneurons and Renshaw neurons are rich in succinate dehydrogenase and poor in phosphorylase. Gamma motor neurons, because of their small size, are considered to be rich in succinate dehydrogenase and poor in phosphorylase. Thus, anterior horn neurons capable of higher firing frequencies (Renshaw neurons, interneurons, and gamma motor neurons) are richer in mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity as marked by succinate dehydrogenase. Those firing at lower frequencies (both types of alpha motor neurons) are richer in phosphorylase activity and glycogen content and, thus, apparently better equipped for anaerobic glycolysis.
Comparison of circling induced by unilateral intrastriatal microinjections of haloperidol, clozapine and CCK-8 in rats

Abstract The existence of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) within a subpopulation of central dopamine (DA) neurons has led to speculations that the peptide may serve as an endogenous modulator of DA functions. To test this possibility, the present study examined the pharmacological action of CCK-8 by comparing its effects on DA-mediated circling behavior with those of a typical (haloperidol; HAL) and an atypical (clozapine; CLZ) dopamine antagonist neuroleptic drug. Rats received unilateral intrastriatal infusions of either sulfated CCK-8 (1, 2, or 8 μg), HAL (5 μg) or CLZ (5 or 20 μg) 15 minutes after systemic injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg). Animals were then placed into rotational chambers where the number and direction of complete 360° turns was automatically recorded over a 1 hour session. HAL produced strong and almost exclusive ipsilateral circling while the responses after CLZ and CCK-8 were reliably more variable in rotational direction. More specifically, the results suggest that CLZ is only a weak antagonist of behaviors mediated by striatal DA activation while CCK seems to be devoid of antidopaminergic properties in the striatum.
The effect of reduced temperature on the inhibitory action of adenosine and magnesium ion at frog motor nerve terminals.

Abstract 1. A study was made to exclude the notion that adenosine receptor agonists exert a direct physical blockade of the depolarization-secretion process. Reduced temperature was employed as a tool for distinguishing between physico-chemical processes (such as those which mediate evoked transmitter release) and biochemical mechanisms (such as those which involve second messenger substances) in the action of adenosine. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were used as agonists in this electrophysiological study of the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from frog motor nerve terminals. 2. The ability of these two adenosine receptor activators to reduce neurally-evoked ACh release was prevented or greatly attenuated by maintaining the preparation at temperatures between 5 and 10 degrees C. Such low temperatures inhibit the activation of receptors coupled to second messengers via guanine nucleotide binding proteins (e.g. adenylate cyclase). Low temperature alone did not substantially alter evoked ACh secretion under the conditions of these experiments. 3. Inhibition of evoked ACh release by the extracellular Ca antagonist Mg, which acts directly to block Ca channels, was not affected by low temperature. 4. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a temperature-sensitive second messenger system controls the intracellular events linked to extracellular adenosine receptor activation.
Tensile properties of the physis vary with anatomic location, thickness, strain rate and age

The variable outcome of physeal distraction has raised questions as to the mechanism by which bone lengthening is achieved. Is it by stretching of the matrix or does it stimulate growth? In order to explore the contribution of matrix stretching, we sought to answer the following questions in an animal model: (a) Are the tensile properties of the lateral side of the proximal tibial physis different from the medial? (b) Are the tensile properties strain-rate dependent? (c) Does the growth plate fracture through any preferred zone in tension? (d) Are the tensile properties of the bovine growth plate a function of age? (e) Are thicker growth plates weaker in tension? (f) Are the tensile properties of the bovine growth plate comparable to those of a child's? We compared bone-cartilage-bone specimens (0.5 x 2.5 mm2 in cross-section) from the lateral, central and medial regions of the proximal tibial growth plates of 12- to 18-month heifers. 70 specimens were tested to failure in tension at 0.0004, 0.004 and 0.04 mm/s. Tensile strength and tangent modulus were 33% and 25% greater, respectively, on the lateral side compared with the medial, and both were increased at the higher strain rates. We found no difference in the ultimate strains by region or strain rate. Thicker growth plates were weaker. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a three-dimensional fracture pattern extending from the upper columnar into the reserve zone. Bundles of intact chondrons remained intact, but only on the metaphyseal side, having been torn from an interterritorial matrix which remained mostly on the epiphyseal side of the fracture. We compared 21 specimens of 12- to 18-month and 19 specimens of 5-month calves from similar regions of the proximal tibia. These were tested to failure in tension at 0.004 mm/s. The older bovine growth plate was 25% thinner, 34% stronger and failed at 65% greater strain. For comparison, we tested eight samples from the femoral capital growth plate of two cerebral palsy patients. These were twice as thick as our bovine samples and about half as strong, but with similar ultimate strain values.
Relational aggression in young adults' friendships and romantic relationships

This study examines young adults' experiences with relational aggression among friends and romantic partners. Results suggest that relational aggression occurs more frequently among romantic partners than among friends. A gender difference in relational aggression emerged in the romantic context (females were more aggressive), but no gender difference was found in the friendship context. Relationship exclusivity and normative beliefs about relational aggression predicted aggressive behavior across contexts, while rumination predicted relational aggression in the romantic context but not in the friendship context. Implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
Reservoir Characterization of Pulsed Explosive Vapor Generators

Computer controlled explosive vapor generators for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were developed, built and calibrated at the Idaho National Laboratory beginning in 1991. The original design was patented in 1995 (US patent 5,452,600). Since that time, the vapor generators have gone through multiple changes in an attempt to improve their reproducibility and ease of use. The reservoir is the component that has undergone the most extensive changes. Tests were recently conducted to characterize the current reservoir design in an attempt to improve consistency in calibration coefficients between heads containing the same analyte and to automate the reservoir loading process.
Divalent cation incorporated Li(1+x)MMgxO2(1+x) (M=Ni0.75Co0.25): viable cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Abstract A new class of divalent cation incorporated materials, Li 1+ x Ni 0.75 Co 0.25 Mg x O 2(1+ x ) , corresponding to Li(Ni 0.75 Co 0.25 ) 1− y Mg y O 2 ( y = x /(1+ x )), have been successfully synthesized and electrochemically characterized. Good cyclability, high voltage durability (up to 4.4 V during charging) and high capacity (>150 mA h/g) are the main characteristics of this class of materials. The successful introduction of the divalent cations alone on the transition metal sites helps to attain these characteristics while also maintaining a large nominal capacity of the material without the interference of the aliovalent cations on the Li sites. Good cycling behavior at high voltages is probably due to the prevention of overcharging of the material caused by the overoxidation of the transition metal as well as the presence of divalent cations on the transition metal site. The presence of the overoxidized transition metal as well as divalent cations on the transition metal site not only increases the cycling voltage but also enhances the phase stability of the materials during cycling.
One-handed dynamic pulling strength with special reference to speed, handle height and angles of pulling

Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of pulling speed, handle height and angle of pull from the horizontal plane on one-handed dynamic pulling strength. The dynamic strength of nineteen male subjects for a 1 m pull was measured at four different handle heights (40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of shoulder height), at three different angles above the horizontal plane (15°, 25° and 35°), and at three different speeds of pulling (mean speed = 0.7, 1 and 1.1 ms −1 ). In addition, ratings of perceived exertion were recorded for elbow, shoulder and back. Also, the subjects were required to rate the overall comfort for the pull. Pulling speed, handle height and angle all had a significant effect on both mean and peak dynamic pulling strengths ( p ⩽ 0.01). Among the three variables, pulling speed was found to be the most critical. The mean dynamic strength was 360, 250 and 180 N and the peak strength was 600, 425 and 320 N at 0.7, 1 and 1.1 ms −1 , respectively. The strengths decreased with an increase in handle height from 100% at 40% shoulder height to 83% at 70% of shoulder height and were the highest at an angle of 25° from the horizontal plane. The ratings of perceived exertion for all three body parts decreased with an increase in speed of pulling ( p ⩽ 0.01). The high speed pulls were perceived as being more comfortable than low speed pulls ( p ⩽ 0.01). The handles at 50% and 60% of shoulder height and at an angle of 25° were perceived as being more comfortable than those at other heights and angles ( p ⩽ 0.01). It is suggested that biomechanical stresses need to be considered along with physical strength and ratings of perceived exertion and comfort to determine optimum speed, height and angle of pulling for high speed pulling tasks.
Energy deposition in desorption ionization

Abstract Deposition of internal energy accompanying the process of desorption ionization from a liquid matrix was assessed by comparing electrohydrodynamic ionization (EHMS) and fast atom bombardment (FABMS) mass spectra of glycerol solutions of a series of diquaternary ammonium salts. Observation of doubly-charged molecular parent ions in EHMS spectra confirmed the intrinsic stability of these ions in the gas phase. The more extensive fragmentation generally observed in the FABMS spectra suggests that the bombardment process increases the internal energy of sampled ions. However, the alternative explanation that instrumental (rather than sampling or ionization) differences prevent detection of fragments in EHMS cannot be ruled out. Similar considerations complicate comparison with published secondary ion (SIMS) spectra (obtained without liquid matrix), although the data indicate more extensive fragmentation with SIMS, consistent with other reports. Thus, deposition of internal energy accompanying ionization by these three desorption techniques may tentatively be ranked SIMS ⪢ FABMS ⪢ EHMS. Details of the EHMS spectra, including desolvation of solvated analyte cluster ions as a means of removing excess energy, were noted and discussed.
Recognition of characters subject to spatially independent transformations

Abstract Binary valued characters, defined over a discrete subset of two-dimensional space, are assumed to be contaminated by spatially independent random errors at each point in space. The errors are described as random transformations. That is, a probability distribution over the possible transformations is assumed at each point. With this definition of the contaminating error process, the optimal Bayes recognition procedure is developed. The optimal recognition rule is linear in the character observations.
Polynorbornenes Bearing Pendent Cyclotriphosphazenes with Oligoethyleneoxy Side Groups: Behavior as Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Three different polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendent cyclotriphosphazene side units that bear different short-chain oligoethyleneoxy side groups were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Polymers with methoxyethoxy (−OCH2CH2)nOCH3 (n = 1), di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (n = 2), and tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (n = 3) were synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR, GPC, DSC, and elemental analysis. The solid polymers were complexed with LiSO3CF3 and LiN(SO2CF3)2 (10−60% molar ratios), and the ionic conductivities were measured by impedance analysis as a function of temperature. The polymers with methoxyethoxy side units showed no detectable ambient temperature conductivities within the limitations of the impedance analyzer. The conductivities of the other polymer electrolytes increased as the concentration of salt was increased, with similar maximum conductivities found for the di(ethylene glycol) and tri(ethylene glycol) systems (2.1 × 10-5 S/cm at 30 °C with the u...
Calculation of thin oil film contrast on waved sea surface

This paper presents results of modeling of oil film contrast on the sea surface. Modeling consists of two stages: (a) determination of angular dependencies of transmittance and reflectivity of light at oiled seawater surface; (b) determination of upward light flux when wind velocity is changeable, with other parameters fixed. Stage (b) includes phases: (ba) modeling of light flux running perpendicularly upward from clean water (using Monte Carlo method); (bb) similar modeling like in (ba) but with surface covered by oil; at this stage results from stage (a) are utilized; (bc) calculation of contrast of oil smudges based on (ba) and (bb). In relation to (a) this paper shows results of modeling of optical parameters of an oiled seawater surface. Regarding the stage (b), figures show number of photons entering the atmosphere -- when sea surface is clean and when it is covered by oil film -- as a function of wind speed. When sea surface is relatively calm contrast of oil films becomes lowest (negative). On the contrary, when sea surface is strongly waved, contrast of oil film increases and becomes positive.
Investigation of the Potential for Reducing Energy Usage in Cam Follower Systems by Means of Variable Pitch Springs

Although the spring is an integral component of most any cam follower system, its design is often ignored in studies aimed at minimizing energy loss. This study makes an initial assessment of the possible energy savings that can be achieved by using a spring designed with a variable pitch. Using a simple spring model that accounts for coil contacts, the pitch is optimized in numerical experiments and the energy savings are calculated. The experiments show that savings in energy are promising enough to warrant further investigation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The ultrastructure of the pyrenoids of green algae

The pyrenoid in the 7 species of green algae studied is a region of the chloroplast containing a characteristic dense matrix material, which appears to consist of tightly packed fibrils approximately 60 A in diameter. Variations were observed in the nature and extent of the lamellar structures which enter the pyrenoid. In Pyramimonas sp. and Spirogyra sp., the pyrenoid is traversed by a number of single discs continuous with the discs of the chloroplast bands. In Chaetomorpha linum and Rhizoclonium tortuosum, a single central disc divides the pyrenoid into two hemispheres. In Chlamydomonas moewusii, the two-disc bands in the pyrenoid region are reduced in surface area. In Scenedesmus quadricauda, no lamellar structures at all enter the body of the pyrenoid. Whenever discs are present in the pyrenoid region, they are wider than the discs of the chloroplast bands. The green algae are the only algae whose pyrenoids are surrounded by a shell of starch grains lying within the chloroplast. The pyrenoid of Platymonas subcordiformis is unique in that it is penetrated by fingers of cytoplasm.
On plastic strain recovery in freestanding nanocrystalline metal thin films

Abstract In a recent article [J. Rajagopalan, J.H. Han, M.T.A. Saif, Science 315 (2007) 1831–1834], we have reported substantial (50–100%) plastic strain recovery in freestanding nanocrystalline metal films (grain size 50–65 nm) after unloading. The strain recovery was time dependent and thermally activated. Here we model the time evolution of this strain recovery in terms of a thermally activated dislocation propagation mechanism. The model predicts an activation volume of ≈42b3 for the strain recovery process in aluminum.
Intracardiac myxomas with report of two unusual cases and successful removal.

A comprehensive review of the various aspects of intracardiac myxomas is presented. Two unusual cases are illustrative of many of the problems encountered. Of particular interest are the successful surgical removals of the myxomas in both cases.
Demography and national security: The politics of population shifts in contemporary Israel

Israel perceives itself to be under a constant and general threat to its existence. Like many other aspects of its security, Israel’s small size relative to its neighbors means that even relatively small demographic shifts may have unexpected and threatening political consequences. Israel’s struggles with security, identity, and demography therefore serve to highlight a relationship not unique to Israel but particularly intense there: a relationship between demographic shifts and state, regional, and interstate security. This article demonstrates that Israel’s demographic shifts have come to be regarded as an existential threat by Israel, and the contemporary salience of demography in Israel explains both (1) Israel’s decision to build a ‘security fence’ between it and the Palestinian Occupied Territories in the West Bank, and (2) the timing of that decision. The article examines Israel’s historical demographic trends and discourse and makes the case that this high-level national policy was a response to ...
Stable isotopic evidence for latest Miocene sea-level fall in the Mediterranean region

The discovery of a marked isochronous decrease of carbon isotope ratio values (∼0.5–0.8‰ in marine carbonates at about 6.2 Myr has stimulated several speculations regarding the origin of this event1–3. Here we report stable isotope studies of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the late Miocene Carmona–Dos Hermanos section in southwestern Spain which suggest that (1) the carbon shift at 6.2 Myr is directly associated with a eustatic sea-level lowering recorded in the same section; (2) the shift in δ13C at 6.2 Myr and other times may be related to an increased flux of marine and terrigenous organic matter depleted in 13C and eroded from the continental shelves during sea-level lowstands; and (3) the sea-level fall at 6.2 Myr triggered the rapid shift towards hypersaline conditions in the Mediterranean well before the deposition of the Messinian evaporites.
Pyothorax in Neonatal Boxer

Objective: To report a case of pyothorax in a critically ill canine neonat. Case Summary: A12-day old, female boxer puppy was presented for lethargy, fever and respiratory distress. Pleural ceffusion was apparent on thoracic radiography. Thoracentesis and subsequent cytology and bacteriologic culture of the Pleural effusion, confirmed a diagnosis of pyothorax. Clinical management of pyothorax in critically ill 12-day- old puppy is decribed New or Unique information provided: Pyothorax can occur in the caine neonate.J Vet Emerg crit care 2001;11(2): 147–152)
Resisting node spoofing attacks in random key predistribution schemes: A uniform design

Current key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks derive the merit of their performance based on the resilience of secure communication links to node-compromise attacks. As an adversarial entity gathers key information, it is able to mount attacks by spoofing or eavesdropping on networked communications with growing success. A powerful variety of attack is possible with a spoofed node, which is when the adversary is able to present itself as a legitimate identity in the network and not be detected. This work considers the security of wireless sensor networks with a priority on node-spoofing attacks. We propose node-spoofing attack models to classify various adversarial capabilities. We then propose two new key predistribution techniques as variants to random key predistribution, which provide improved resilience to node-spoofing attacks.
Aquaporin deletion in mice reduces corneal water permeability and delays restoration of transparency after swelling.

Abstract Two aquaporin (AQP)-type water channels are expressed in mammalian cornea, AQP1 in endothelial cells and AQP5 in epithelial cells. To test whether these aquaporins are involved in corneal fluid transport and transparency, we compared corneal thickness, water permeability, and response to experimental swelling in wild type mice and transgenic null mice lacking AQP1 and AQP5. Corneal thickness in fixed sections was remarkably reduced in AQP1 null mice and increased in AQP5 null mice. By z-scanning confocal microscopy, corneal thickness in vivo was (in μm, mean ± S.E.,n = 5 mice) 123 ± 1 (wild type), 101 ± 2 (AQP1 null), and 144 ± 2 (AQP5 null). After exposure of the external corneal surface to hypotonic saline (100 mosm), the rate of corneal swelling (5.0 ± 0.3 μm/min, wild type) was reduced by AQP5 deletion (2.7 ± 0.1 μm/min). After exposure of the endothelial surface to hypotonic saline by anterior chamber perfusion, the rate of corneal swelling (7.1 ± 1.0 μm/min, wild type) was reduced by AQP1 deletion (1.6 ± 0.4 μm/min). Base-line corneal transparency was not impaired by AQP1 or AQP5 deletion. However, the recovery of corneal transparency and thickness after hypotonic swelling (10-min exposure of corneal surface to hypotonic saline) was remarkably delayed in AQP1 null mice with ∼75% recovery at 7 min in wild type mice compared with 5% recovery in AQP1 null mice. Our data indicate that AQP1 and AQP5 provide the principal routes for corneal water transport across the endothelial and epithelial barriers, respectively. The impaired recovery of corneal transparency in AQP1 null mice provides evidence for the involvement of AQP1 in active extrusion of fluid from the corneal stroma across the corneal endothelium. The up-regulation of AQP1 expression and/or function in corneal endothelium may reduce corneal swelling and opacification following injury.
Youth and Popular Music: A Study in the Sociology of Taste

Preferences in popular music among teen-age girls vary according to the neighborhood in which a girl lives and her relative popularity among her peers. Highly popular girls are shown to conform more closely than the less popular to the prevailing neighborhood norms in popular music. Musical tastes and preferences for particular songs and for particular disk jockeys are found to be anchored in relatively small groups of friends, suggesting that personal relations play an important role in musical fads and fashions.
Determination of kinetic parameters for the thermal degradation of polymers by the quasilinearization technique

Abstract The thermal degradation of polymers is explored generally by the experimental technique of thermogravimetry (TG). Existing mathematical methods for processing dynamic TG data to obtain kinetic parameters for non-linear models require data obtained at a constant rate of temperature rise and employ one or more graphical techniques, which are time-consuming and lead to some inaccuracy. A recently developed numercial approach to the determination of kinetic parameters which avoids the forementioned problems and provides a rapid, flexible, systematic, and accurate technique is the Bellman-Kalaba method of quasilinearization. Their general technique is extended and applied to TG data. The method presented utilizes the experimental thermogram(s) directly and selects the kinetic parameters by a least-squares-optimization procedure to best fit the data. The calculations are conveniently carried out on a digital computer. The technique has been applied to data on the thermal degradation of high-temperature polymers including polyphenylene, polyimide and polyquinoxaline.
Recrystallization and Grain Growth Phenomena in a Particle-reinforced Aluminum Composite

Recrystallization and grain growth in a 2219/TiC/15p composite were investigated as functions of the amount of deformation and deformation temperature. Both cold and hot deformed samples were annealed at the normal solution treatment temperature of 535 °C. It was shown that large recrystallized grain diameters, relative to the interparticle spacing, could be produced in a narrow range of deformation for samples cold-worked and those hot-worked below 450 °C. For cold-worked samples, between 4 to 6 pct deformation, the recrystallized grain diameters varied from 530 to 66 μm as the amount of deformation increased. Subsequent grain growth was not observed in these recrystallized materials and noncompact grain shapes were observed. For deformations greater than 15 pct, recrystallized grain diameters less than the interparticle spacing were observed and subsequent grain growth produced a pinned grain diameter of 27 μm. The pinned grain diameter agreed well with an empirical model based on three dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo simulations of grain growth and particle pinning in a two-phase material. Tensile properties were determined as a function of grain size, and it was shown that grain size had a weak influence on yield strength. A maximum in the yield strength was observed at a grain size larger than the normal grain growth and particle-pinned diameter.
All, most or some: Implementation of tiered objectives for ABET assessment in an engineering program

The Purdue School of Materials Engineering's successful ABET assessment in 2007 relied in part on an innovative approach to setting course objectives set at levels based on the performance expected for all students, most students and some students. By not relying merely on averages and variability or some scaling based on percentiles, faculty may match exam questions and written laboratory report content to a set of tiered objectives. Using the all, most, some system facilitates a systematic approach to document student performance across the curriculum and provides a context for multiple instructors responsible for specific courses to discuss the course objectives and student success in meeting them.
Interview with Lewis Aron.

Safran: What do you think that psychoanalysis will look like 10 or even 20 years from now? Aron: In some ways it depends on what you mean by psychoanalysis, because I think one of the ways that we’ve gotten ourselves into so much trouble is by defining psychoanalysis in contrast to psychotherapy. So, if we’re defining psychoanalysis in this very limited or narrow way, as opposed to psychoanalytic therapy or other analytic therapies, then the question of what the discipline of psychoanalysis will look like would lead you to one answer, which I do not think would be a very optimistic one. But I tend to think that it’s a mistake to define it that way, and that we need to think of psychoanalysis as a broad continuum of treatments with different frequencies and differences in variables of other types, all based on psychoanalytic ideas. And if we define psychoanalysis more broadly in this way, then I have a much more optimistic perspective on the future of psychoanalysis. Not everyone would agree with me on this. Kernberg, for example, defines psychoanalysis in the more narrow sense, and takes the position that psychoanalysis is for the very few and that most people are either too ill or too healthy for psychoanalysis. Thus, from his perspective, and from the perspective of many others, many people need some other treatment, an analytically modified kind of treatment. From his perspective, psychoanalysis is an appropriate treatment for very few people, and he believes that the most important contribution we can make as psychoanalysts is to develop a broad range of analytic treatments or therapies. Safran: I didn’t realize that was Kernberg’s position. Aron: Yes, I did a panel with him last year where he took that position . . . . And I think this position is based on a choice he makes to keep the definition of psychoanalysis rather narrow and very specific. But I think that’s a mistake. Merton Gill, for example, in his final book before he died, took the position that he didn’t differentiate between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy. He spoke of all forms of psychoanalysis as consisting of a range of different forms of therapies, varying with respect to variables such as frequency, intensity, and so on. And I think there are many advantages to this type of perspective. For one thing, I think that it really is very troubling for analysts who spend most of their working lives doing what would have to be called modified analytic therapy (from Kernberg’s perspective) and then end up having a tremendous identity problem about what it means to be a psychoanalyst, since they’re not really doing “psychoanalysis.” And the statistics in the field are very clear. A number of surveys have shown that the great bulk of psychoanalysts are doing something other than psychoanalysis, as it was
Confidence limits and prediction limits for a Weibull distribution based on the generalized variable approach

Abstract In this article, we consider the problems of constructing confidence interval for a Weibull mean and setting prediction limits for future samples. Specifically, we construct upper prediction limits that include at least l of m samples from a Weibull distribution at each of r locations. The methods are based on the concept of generalized variable approach . The procedures can be easily extended to the type II censored samples, and they can be used to find approximate inferential procedures for type I censored samples. The proposed methods are conceptually simple and easy to use. The results are illustrated using some practical examples.
Towards context-based search engine selection

A well-known problem for web search is targeting search on information that satisfies users' information needs. User queries tend to be short, and hence often ambiguous, which can lead to inappropriate results from general-purpose search engines. This has led to a number of methods for narrowing queries by adding information. This paper presents an alternative approach that aims to improve query results by using knowledge of a user's current activities to select search engines relevant to their information needs, exploiting the proliferation of high-quality special-purpose search services. The paper introduces the PRISM source selection system and describes its approach. It then describes two initial experiments testing the system's methods.
Effects of intensive production methods on livestock health

Abstract Domesticated animals can adjust to the effects of modern production practices by employing neural and hormonal response mechanisms. Such mechanisms may have biological costs that appear as reduced growth or productivity and a decline in antibody activity. However, there exists within most domestic species genetic variation for adaptivity so that selection for reduced responsiveness to physical and behavioral stressors is possible.
Median mandibular lateral periodontal cyst

The lateral periodontal cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst associated with the lateral root surfaces of teeth. It is treated by surgical enucleation and diagnosed on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings. This article is a case report of the surgical treatment of a lateral periodontal cyst in a unique mandibular midline location. The preoperative history and postoperative recall examinations cover an 8-year period.
Cyclic evolution in quantum mechanics and the phases of Bohr-Sommerfeld and Maslov.

The Bohr-Sommerfeld and Maslov phases, which occur in the Einstein-Brillouin-Keller quantization rule of semiclassical mechanics, are shown to be examples of Berry's phase. The generalization of Berry's phase due to Aharonov and Anandan, which does not require adiabaticity, is employed.
Superadditive BOLD activation in superior temporal sulcus with threshold non-speech objects

Evidence from neurophysiological studies has shown the superior temporal sulcus (STS) to be a site of audio-visual integration, with neuronal response to audio-visual stimuli exceeding the sum of independent responses to unisensory audio and visual stimuli. However, experimenters have yet to elicit superadditive (AV > A+V) blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation from STS in humans using non-speech objects. Other studies have found integration in the BOLD signal with objects, but only using less stringent criteria to define integration. Using video clips and sounds of hand held tools presented at psychophysical threshold, we were able to elicit BOLD activation to audio-visual objects that surpassed the sum of the BOLD activations to audio and visual stimuli presented independently. Our findings suggest that the properties of the BOLD signal do not limit our ability to detect and define sites of integration using stringent criteria.
Genetics of Heading Time in Wheat (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). II. the Inheritance of Vernalization Response.

ABSTRACT The inheritance of vernalization response was studied in crosses involving four spring wheats (Sonora 64 (S), Pitic 62 (P), Justin (J) and Thatcher (T)) and three winter wheats (Blackhull (B), Early Blackhull (E) and Extra Early Blackhull (EE)).—All winter cultivars were highly responsive to vernalization, and Pitic 62 was the only spring cultivar whose time to heading was significantly accelerated following cold treatments. When vernalized and grown under long days, spring and winter cultivars became comparable in their heading response, indicating that cold requirement is the major attribute differentiating the heading behavior of true spring and true winter wheats.—Inheritance of growth habit in the F 1 generation of a five-parent diallel cross showed dominance of the spring character in all spring × winter crosses. Depending on the cross, one or two duplicate major genes governing growth habit were detected in F 2 , F 3 and backcross generations grown in the field under long days in the absence of vernalizing temperatures. In some spring × winter crosses most of the variation in heading time among spring segregates could be attributed to the effects of major genes conditioning growth habit. In other crosses the heading patterns appeared more complex, indicating that genes with smaller effects are also involved in the control of heading response under spring or summer environments.—Evidence was presented supporting the hypothesis that the cultivar Pitic 62 carries a different allele at one of the two major loci governing its spring habit. This allele was associated with some response to vernalization and acted as a dominant gene determining earliness under low temperature vernalization, but as a partially recessive gene determining lateness in the absence of vernalizing temperatures. Genotypes were assigned to five cultivars as follows: S, CC DD; P, CC D9D9 ; J, cc DD ; B and EE, cc dd .—The presence of major and minor genes and of multiple alleles governing response to photoperiod and vernalization was discussed in relation to the genetic manipulation of the heading response and to breeding wheat cultivars with specific or broad adaptation.
RECOD: a retiming heuristic to optimize resource and memory utilization in HW/SW codesigns

Hardware/software designs of embedded systems are characterized by stringent performance constraints. Pipelined implementation of a design is an effective way for maximizing the performance of a design. In this paper we present a novel retiming heuristic to obtain pipelined schedules for hardware-software codesigns. The heuristic aims at maximizing the throughput of a loop oriented resource constrained codesign while minimizing its shared memory usage. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by experimentation.
“Eyes in the Back of Your Head”: moral themes in African American narratives of racial conflict

Abstract This paper examines seven narratives of racial conflict elicited from African American adults and young people. Analysis focusses on the relational nature of the racial conflicts. Issues of power and authority inherent in the sociopolitical context in which racial knowledge develops and moral judgements regarding racial differences are determined are found to be likewise embedded in interracial interpersonal relationships. Adopting Brown & Gilligan's (1990) methodological approach to reading narratives of conflict and choice, the two moral themes of justice and care are explored in the constitution and resolution of the conflicts shared. Concerns specific to the psychological development of African Americans and to the transmission of race‐related morals and values in black cultures are addressed.
Protein Kinase C-β Activates Tyrosinase by Phosphorylating Serine Residues in Its Cytoplasmic Domain

We have previously shown that protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) is required for activation of tyrosinase (Park, H. Y., Russakovsky, V., Ohno, S., and Gilchrest, B. A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 11742-11749), the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis. We now examine its mechanism of activation in human melanocytes. In vivo phosphorylation experiments revealed that tyrosinase is phosphorylated through the PKC-dependent pathway and that introduction of PKC-beta into nonpigmented human melanoma cells lacking PKC-beta lead to the phosphorylation and activation of tyrosinase. Preincubation of intact melanosomes with purified active PKC-beta in vitro increased tyrosinase activity 3-fold. By immunoelectron microscopy, PKC-beta but not PKC-alpha was closely associated with tyrosinase on the outer surface of melanosomes. Western blot analysis confirmed the association of PKC-beta with melanosomes. Only the cytoplasmic (extra-melanosomal) domain of tyrosinase, which contains two serines but no threonines, was phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase PKC-beta. These two serines at positions 505 and 509 both are present in the C-terminal peptide generated by trypsin digestion of tyrosinase. Co-migration experiments comparing synthetic peptide standards of all three possible phosphorylated tryptic peptides, a diphosphopeptide and two monophosphopeptides, to tyrosinase-phosphorylated in intact melanocytes by PKC-beta and then subjected to trypsin digestion revealed that both serine residues are phosphorylated by PKC-beta. We conclude that PKC-beta activates tyrosinase directly by phosphorylating serine residues at positions 505 and 509 in the cytoplasmic domain of this melanosome-associated protein.
Buoyancy-Driven Breakup of an Isolated Drop with Surfactant

At moderate values of the surface Peclet number and the dimensionless gas constant, a surfactant-covered, isolated drop that is initially spherical can undergo large deformations and eventually break in inertialess gravitational motion. A long, thin filament forms, extending from the trailing edge of the drop, with a breakup mechanism that is similar to tip streaming. In the range of parameters studied, the emitted drop has an equivalent spherical radius between 0.01 to 0.03 of the original drop radius and an interfacial tension from 0.2 to 0.6 of the clean-interface value.
Characterization of human prostatic acid phosphatase radioiodinated by four different procedures.

Abstract Prostatic acid phosphatase was labeled by four different iodination procedures: chloramine-T, insoluble or soluble lactoperoxidase, and Bolton-Hunter. Enzyme labeled by the chloramine-T procedure had suboptimal precipitation characteristics in immunoassays, with 36 to 67% of the tracer precipitated in antibody excess. Analysis of the tracer on 7.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel showed that as much as 30% of the radioactivity migrated away from the protein within 6 minutes after the electrophoretic run was begun. The nature of this fast migrating radioiodinated component was not determined. The failure to obtain a tracer labeled by the chloramine-T procedure with optimal immunoprecipitation characteristics led to investigation of alternate radioiodination procedures. Insoluble or soluble lactoperoxidase was less effective than chloramine-T in producing a tracer suitable for radioimmunoassay. In contrast, the Bolton-Hunter procedure produced a tracer that had optimal precipitation characteristics; 88 to 91% of the tracer was precipitated in antibody excess. The tracer was further purified by affinity chromatography to minimize the possibility of other protein contaminants compromising the specificity of a radioimmunoassay for the enzyme.
A Cartesian grid embedded boundary method for solving the Poisson and heat equations with discontinuous coefficients in three dimensions

We present a method for solving Poisson and heat equations with discontinuous coefficients in two- and three-dimensions. It uses a Cartesian cut-cell/embedded boundary method to represent the interface between materials, as described in Johansen and Colella (1998). Matching conditions across the interface are enforced using an approximation to fluxes at the boundary. Overall second order accuracy is achieved, as indicated by an array of tests using non-trivial interface geometries. Both the elliptic and heat solvers are shown to remain stable and efficient for material coefficient contrasts up to 10^6, thanks in part to the use of geometric multigrid. A test of accuracy when adaptive mesh refinement capabilities are utilized is also performed. An example problem relevant to nuclear reactor core simulation is presented, demonstrating the ability of the method to solve problems with realistic physical parameters.
Severe megacystis and bilateral hydronephrosis in a female fetus

The differential diagnosis for antenatal bladder dilation and hydronephrosis is extensive, ranging from posterior urethral valves to neurogenic bladder. We present a case of a female fetus diagnosed antenatally with severe megacystis and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The patient was found to have megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, a rare, congenital, and generally fatal disorder in which there is functional obstruction of the bladder and intestine.
Nano Meets Security: Exploring Nanoelectronic Devices for Security Applications

Information security has emerged as an important system and application metric. Classical security solutions use algorithmic mechanisms that address a small subset of emerging security requirements, often at high-energy and performance overhead. Further, emerging side-channel and physical attacks can compromise classical security solutions. Hardware security solutions overcome many of these limitations with less energy and performance overhead. Nanoelectronics-based hardware security preserves these advantages while enabling conceptually new security primitives and applications. This tutorial paper shows how one can develop hardware security primitives by exploiting the unique characteristics such as complex device and system models, bidirectional operation, and nonvolatility of emerging nanoelectronic devices. This paper then explains the security capabilities of several emerging nanoelectronic devices: memristors, resistive random-access memory, contact-resistive random-access memory, phase change memories, spin torque-transfer random-access memory, orthogonal spin transfer random access memory, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors, and nanoelectronic mechanical switches. Further, the paper describes hardware security primitives for authentication, key generation, data encryption, device identification, digital forensics, tamper detection, and thwarting reverse engineering. Finally, the paper summarizes the outstanding challenges in using emerging nanoelectronic devices for security.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of broadband decoupling techniques for in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A theoretical and experimental evaluation of existing broadband decoupling methods with respect to their utility for in vivo 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy is presented. Simulations are based on a modified product operator formalism, while an experimental evaluation is performed on in vitro samples and human leg and rat brain in vivo. The performance of broadband decoupling methods was evaluated with respect to the required peak and average RF powers, decoupling bandwidth, decoupling side bands, heteronuclear scalar coupling constant, and sensitivity toward B2 inhomogeneity. In human applications only the WALTZ and MLEV decoupling methods provide adequate decoupling performance at RF power levels that satisfy the FDA guidelines on local tissue heating. For very low RF power levels (B2max < 300 Hz) one should verify empirically whether the experiment will benefit from broadband decoupling. At higher RF power levels acceptable for animal studies additional decoupling techniques become available and provide superior performance. Since the average RF power of adiabatic RF pulses is almost always significantly lower than the peak RF power, it can be stated that for average RF powers suitable for animal studies it is always possible to design an adiabatic decoupling scheme that outperforms all other schemes. B2 inhomogeneity degrades the decoupling performance of all methods, but the decoupling bandwidths for WALTZ-16 and especially adiabatic methods are still satisfactory for useful in vivo decoupling with a surface coil. Magn Reson Med 53:1297–1306, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optoelectronic microwave oscillator

We describe a novel oscillator that converts continuous light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic microwave oscillator consists of a pump laser and a feedback circuit including an intensity modulator, an optical fiber delay line, a photodetector, an amplifier, and a filter. We develop a quasi-linear theory and obtain expressions for the threshold condition, the amplitude, the frequency, the line width, and the spectral power density of the oscillation. We also present experimental data to compare with the theoretical results. Our findings indicate that the optoelectronic microwave oscillator can generate ultrastable, spectrally pure microwave reference signals up to 75 GHz with a phase noise lower than -140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz.
Real time guarantee of aperiodic packets in single hop ad hoc wireless networks

Building real-time applications on 802.11 wireless networks is challenging because the medium access protocol is distributed and nodes contend for the channel nondeterministically. So far all attempts at providing real-time services in 802.11 require restrictive traffic assumptions such as periodicity. In this paper we describe distributed admission control, a modification to 802.11 that, when used with distributed prioritization, provides real-time guarantees for aperiodic packets. We show that barring external errors such as interference on the channel or incorrect priority scheduling this protocol guarantees deadlines will be met.