cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Pediatric Chronic Neck Infections

Chronic neck infections in the pediatric population can have an indolent presentation that can mimic more serious conditions including neoplasia. Ultrasound remains a reliable primary modality for imaging of sialadenitis and infected congenital cystic neck lesions in children, whereas cross sectional imaging is needed if intervention is contemplated, to better evaluate multispatial involvement, lymph nodal morphology and distribution, and as the primary imaging modality to study more complex anatomy in case of ear infections.
Breast cancer neoplastic seeding in the setting of image-guided needle biopsies of the breast

To identify clinicopathologic, technical, and imaging features associated with neoplastic seeding (NS) following image-guided needle breast biopsy. We performed an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of patients presenting with a new diagnosis of breast cancer or suspicious breast findings requiring biopsy with subsequent diagnosis of NS. The time from biopsy to NS diagnosis was calculated. Histology, grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, HER2 status, T category, and N category were recorded. Biopsy guidance method, needle gauge, and number of passes were reviewed in addition to the mammographic and sonographic features of the primary tumors and the NS. Eight cases of NS were identified in 4010 patients. The mean time from biopsy to NS diagnosis was 60.8 days. The most frequent histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (7/8). Six cases were grade 3 (75.0%). Five primary breast cancers were ER, PR, and HER2 negative (62.5%). Seven patients underwent biopsy with ultrasound guidance. Multiple-insertion, non-coaxial ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy was done in 6 cases. Mammographic presentation of NS was focal asymmetry (3/7 cases), mass (1/7), calcifications only (1/7), or occult (2/7). Sonographic presentation of NS was most often a mass (7/8) with irregular shape (5/7) and without circumscribed margins (6/7) and was occult in 1 case (1/8). NS distribution was subdermal and intradermal. High-grade, triple-negative breast cancers and multiple-insertion, non-coaxial biopsies may be risk factors for NS. NS should be suspected on the basis of the superficial and linear pattern of disease progression in these patients.
Mothers Who Abuse Their Children

The thought of a woman abusing a child is a terrible one. It contradicts conventional concepts of woman as mother, providing for and protecting her young. Primitive religions, however, recognized a dual role for women by coupling the image of the Great Mother with that of the Destroyer. In these religions goddesses were worshipped cautiously, surrounded by great mystery and reverence, because of their powers over life and death.
Veteran treatment courts: A promising solution

The high prevalence of substance use, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental illness in the veteran population presents unique public health and social justice challenges. Veteran involvement in the justice system has been identified as a national concern. Criminal justice involvement compounds pre-existing socioeconomic stressors and further strains support systems. The point of contact with the criminal justice system, however, presents an opportunity to establish mental health treatment. This is consistent with the concept of the sequential intercept model that seeks to divert offenders with mental illness from the criminal justice system into treatment. In recent years, many jurisdictions have established veterans treatment courts (VTCs), a type of problem-solving court serving this diversion function for military veterans. This article presents an overview of the problem, the ethical basis for their development, a brief history of the courts, and their potential for success. The Harris County Veterans Court is presented as an example.
I Have Not Painted the War: Art and Abiding in Roma Tearne's Mosquito

In recent years, memory studies scholars have begun to question the applicability of verbal testimony for trauma survivors in non-Western contexts. Theorists and therapists have increasingly found ...
Cognitive flexibility and memory in pigeons, human children, and adults

Abstract This work examines cognitive flexibility using a comparative approach. Pigeons (Experiment 1), human children (Experiment 2a), and human adults (Experiment 2b) performed a task that required changing responses to the same stimuli twice across the experiment. The results indicate that all three groups demonstrated robust memory for learned information. In addition, pigeons showed comparable and substantial perseveration following both response shifts. In contrast, both children and adults exhibited some perseveration following a first response shift, while exhibiting no cost following the second response shift. These findings are discussed in relation to memory-based theories of cognitive flexibility, according to which perseveration occurs as a result of competition between long-term and working memory, revealing important differences in memory and cognitive flexibility between species.
Silicon Valley Rhetoric: Three Myths Debunked

The European Court of Justice's recent move to classify Uber as a transportation-services company attracted international headlines—yet it was a fairly straightforward, common-sense decision. What, then, made it so remarkable? It was one of the first high-level rejections of Silicon Valley Rhetoric. Uber may scrupulously refer to itself as a "ridesharing" platform, but its for-profit business model has nothing to do with "sharing." Today's tech giants are unrivaled in their ability to verbally disguise who they are and what they do. Regrettably, antitrust and competition authorities have at times fallen under their spell. This essay debunks three such examples of Silicon Valley Rhetoric: the Myth of the Garage (entry is easy!), the Myth of Free (our products are free!), and the Myth of Constant Disruption (competition is just a click away!).
Market orientation and innovation in US small business firms in small towns

The study investigated various aspects of market orientation and innovation performed by small-sized businesses in small towns of the U.S. The objectives for the study were: 1 ) to examine market orientation constructs in the small-sized organization, 2) to examine market orientation in relation to business innovation and business performance, and 3) to examine business innovation in relation to business performance. A sub-sample of small businesses for the study was drawn from the larger national random sample. Small businesses located in communities of less than 20,000, counties adjacent and non-adjacent to non-metropolitan area were chosen for the study. The sample population of the study was small businesses operating with less than 20 employees and with annual sales of $1 million or less. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine relationships among the variables under study. The simple regression analysis suggested a significant and positive relationship between small business owners/managers' competitor and customer market orientation and their performance in terms of gross profit (before taxes) and perceived overall business success. The results also indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between both small business owners/managers' competitor and customer market orientation and innovation. A positive and significant relationship between the small town business owners/managers' degree of innovativeness and their business performance in terms of gross profit and their perceived overall business success was also found. The results of the multiple regression analyses indicated that among the three variables, business innovation, competitor market orientation, and customer market orientation, business innovation significantly influenced the small town business firms' gross
Access and the USO for Letters and Parcels

The recent history of postal administrations (POs) and postal regulation has clearly underlined the continuing tension between the financial burden associated with the Universal Service Obligation (USO) and the desire to promote efficiency and innovation through increased competition. Nowhere is this tension more evident than in the area of access, not only for letters but also for parcels. Opportunities for rent seeking abound in both areas, and there is a pressing need for cogent analysis to inform regulatory policy under conditions that are likely to be present in letter and parcel markets going forward. Experience in other sectors has been hardly reassuring and has been indicative of severe rent seeking. In particular, while opening up access has the potential to promote efficiency, misguided attempts to subsidize access should be avoided. Indeed, this is especially true in postal service as access in postal facilities can hardly be regarded as an “essential facility”.
Implementation and assessment of an undergraduate tissue engineering laboratory course

Abstract This study focused on examining how students’ perception and understanding of the tissue engineering field changed as a result of their participation in a hands-on experiential learning module. The module involved the cellular and biochemical characterization of three-dimensional cultures of mesenchymal stem cells in chondrogenic media. Students were instructed to complete concept maps depicting their perception of the tissue engineering field both prior to and after completion of the module. Similarly, they had to respond to provided design prompts and identify experimental tests and questions for doctors that would allow determination of their adaptive expertise. The results from this study demonstrate that students significantly broaden their perception of the tissue engineering field through statistically significant changes in their comprehensiveness and correctness scores on the concept map rubric. Similarly, the results of the adaptive expertise analysis demonstrate that students significantly increased adaptive expertise upon completion of the module in comparison to their responses at the start of the module. These results imply that a hands-on experiential module can be a beneficial tool for teaching students the complexity associated with a multidisciplinary field such as tissue engineering.
Picturing Preservation and Renewal: Photographs as Planning Knowledge in Society Hill, Philadelphia:

This history of postwar Society Hill, Philadelphia illuminates the role of photographs as planning knowledge and the relationship between historic preservation and urban renewal practice. Photograp...
WILL GIRLS BE GIRLS? RISK TAKING AND COMPETITION IN AN ALL‐GIRLS' SCHOOL

We conduct an experiment that examines the relationship between girls only schooling and risk taking and competitive behavior. In it, we compare decisions made by students in an all‐girls' school to those made by students in a closely matched coeducational school. We further investigate the developmental nature of this behavior by comparing choices made by younger students (Grades 7 and 8) with those of older students (Grades 11 and 12). We focus on the differences between those who select into the all‐girls' school, and find that although girls educated in a single sex environment are the most risk averse, they are also among the most competitive. These results lend texture to the hypothesis that “nurture matters” in the gender differences debate. (JEL C93, J16, I21)
Estate Planning: Hyperlexis and the Annual Exclusion Rule

One of the true bonanzas in the Internal Revenue Code is I.R.C. § 2503(b). It permits taxpayers to make gifts of up to $10,000 per donee, per year without the application of a gift tax or the need to use any portion of the applicable exclusion amount. This "annual exclusion" rule of I.R.C. § 2503(b) is quite generous, inasmuch as there is no limit on the total amount of gifts a taxpayer may make. However, I.R.C. § 2503(b) requires that the gift be of a "present interest." Future interests do not qualify. This distinction has caused a great deal of litigation, and achieved little. As I will discuss in more detail, donors can readily end-run the future interest limitation, giving rise to a recent Clinton Administration proposal to limit how I.R.C. § 2503(b) operates. While there is merit to the Clinton Administration recommendation, which I discuss in the proposal section of the article, I believe a more comprehensive approach is preferable. I would limit the total amount of gifts in a year that a donor can make under I.R.C. § 2503(b) to $30,000. I would also eliminate the "per donee" limitation. To reduce the compliance burden on the Service and the taxpayer, in addition to the $30,000 annual exemption, I would also exclude from taxation gifts of $250 or less per donee. With these changes in effect, there would be little need for the present/future interest dichotomy and I therefore would eliminate it. Finally, I would increase the applicable exclusion amount to offset the revenue increase these changes would otherwise give the government, so that the change would be revenue neutral.My specific reasons for these changes, and my analysis of current law which leads me to conclude that the changes are called for, are revealed below. Underlying my proposals is the view that we have a deep-seated need to simplify the Code and the enforcement burdens on the taxpayers and the Service. In a misguided and ultimately unattainable desire for perfection, the Code has become unbelievably complex. It threatens to collapse under its own weight. Bayless Manning coined the term "hyperlexis" two decades ago, and defined it as a "pathological condition caused by an overactive law-making gland. Most federal and state legislatures suffer from hyperlexis. In this article, I borrow and modify the term to describe the seemingly insatiable need to complicate the tax law. We need to aggressively make an effort to simplify the tax law, even if it occasionally comes at the price of perfect equity (which is not achievable regardless) or certainty (though complexity usually creates more uncertainty than it eliminates). This article is thus an effort to do something about hyperlexis in one important and much used part of the Code.
Notch and mTOR Signaling Pathways Promote Human Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation

Notch pathway signaling is known to promote gastric stem cell proliferation, and constitutive pathway activation induces gastric tumors via mTORC1 activation in mouse genetic models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human gastric adenocarcinomas are similarly dependent on Notch and mTORC1 signaling for growth. Gene expression profiling of 415 human gastric adenocarcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a small set of locally obtained gastric cancers showed enhanced expression of Notch pathway components, including Notch ligands, receptors and downstream target genes. Human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and chemically induced mouse gastric tumors both exhibited heightened Notch and mTORC1 pathway signaling activity, as evidenced by increased expression of the NOTCH1 receptor signaling fragment NICD, the Notch target HES1, and the mTORC1 target phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein. Pharmacologic inhibition of either Notch or mTORC1 signaling reduced growth of human gastric cancer cell lines, with combined pathway inhibition causing a further reduction in growth, suggesting that both pathways are activated to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation. Further, mTORC1 signaling was reduced after Notch inhibition suggesting that mTOR is downstream of Notch in gastric cancer cells. Analysis of human gastric organoids derived from paired control and gastric cancer tissues also exhibited reduced growth in culture after Notch or mTOR inhibition. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Notch and mTOR signaling pathways are commonly activated in human gastric cancer to promote cellular proliferation. Targeting these pathways in combination might be an effective therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
Measuring Teacher Effectiveness Across Time: What Does TIMSS Reveal About Education System Level Trends?

To understand whether there are identifiable trends in teacher quality and instructional metrics over time, it is important to first recognize that measures of teacher effectiveness may vary by education system. Descriptive results for the teacher quality measures related to mathematics drawn from twenty years of the IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data provide a general picture of the variation in such measures; additional consideration is given to student-level variables. Combining information from multiple cycles of TIMSS, with a specific emphasis on teacher variables, greater focus is given to the post-2003 TIMSS data, largely because these later cycles contain additional teacher-related measures (such as preparedness to teach mathematics topics). Changes in education system means may be due to changes in underlying teacher characteristics. The data suggests that, among the pool of countries that participated in all the TIMSS between 2003 and 2015, there have been increases in the international averages for the number of years of experience that teachers possess, their level of educational qualification to teach mathematics, and classroom time spent on mathematics instruction. However, instructional alignment with national standards has remained surprisingly modest (at around 55–60%) and the international average for instructional alignment declined for grade eight over twenty years of TIMSS. The results suggest that, in many countries, teachers (especially grade four teachers) retain a substantial degree of discretion in what to teach. Variability in teacher behaviors related to opportunity to learn suggests it is highly advisable to consider this factor in studies of teacher effectiveness.
The Design of an Intelligent LEGO Tutoring System for Improving Social Communication Skills Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A system intended to help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to play with LEGO bricks is proposed. The system could provide step-by-step guidance to complete pre-defined task using interactive dialog strategy. A camera is used to capture the bricks, and an image recognition module is implemented to identify the color and size of each brick. The system can also detect a misplaced brick, provide guidance to reassemble it, and suggest a correct one. Dialog is generated using a speech synthesizer on a set of pre-defined statements used in daily social communication with the children. To further enrich the interaction between children and the system, teachers may intervene remotely in real time to alter existing statements in the system.
Wirtinger holography for near-eye displays

Near-eye displays using holographic projection are emerging as an exciting display approach for virtual and augmented reality at high-resolution without complex optical setups --- shifting optical complexity to computation. While precise phase modulation hardware is becoming available, phase retrieval algorithms are still in their infancy, and holographic display approaches resort to heuristic encoding methods or iterative methods relying on various relaxations. In this work, we depart from such existing approximations and solve the phase retrieval problem for a hologram of a scene at a single depth at a given time by revisiting complex Wirtinger derivatives, also extending our framework to render 3D volumetric scenes. Using Wirtinger derivatives allows us to pose the phase retrieval problem as a quadratic problem which can be minimized with first-order optimization methods. The proposed Wirtinger Holography is flexible and facilitates the use of different loss functions, including learned perceptual losses parametrized by deep neural networks, as well as stochastic optimization methods. We validate this framework by demonstrating holographic reconstructions with an order of magnitude lower error, both in simulation and on an experimental hardware prototype.
An Experimental Approach to Assessing the Attitudes of Social Service and Healthcare Employees toward the Homeless

The current study examined attitudes about the homeless among a range of social service and healthcare employees using both self-report and an experimental approach. Ninety-six respondents were rec...
Large-deformation strain energy density function for vascular smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Vascular tissue exhibits marked mechanical nonlinearity when exposed to large strains. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most prevalent cell type in the artery wall, but it is unclear how much of the vessel nonlinearity is attributable to VSMCs. Here, we used cellular microbiaxial stretching (CμBS) to measure the large-strain mechanical properties of individual VSMCs. We find that the mechanical properties of VSMCs with native-like architectures are highly anisotropic, due to their highly aligned actomyosin cytoskeletons, and that inhibition of actomyosin contraction with rho-associated kinase inhibitor HA-1077 results in nearly isotropic material properties. We further find that when VSMCS are exposed to large strains (up to 60% stretch), the cells’ stress–strain behavior is surprisingly linear. Finally, we modified a previously published Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden type strain energy density function to characterize individual VSMCs, to account for the observed large-deformation linearity. These data have important implications in the development of models of vascular mechanics and mechanobiology.
A Preoperative Risk Prediction Tool for Discharge to a Skilled Nursing or Rehabilitation Facility After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Discharge to rehabilitation or a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after total joint arthroplasty remains a primary driver of cost excess for bundled payments. An accurate preoperative risk prediction tool would help providers and health systems identify and modulate perioperative care for higher risk individuals and serve as a vital tool in preoperative clinic as part of shared decision-making regarding the risks/benefits of surgery. Methods A total of 10,155 primary total knee (5,570, 55%) and hip (4,585, 45%) arthroplasties performed between June 2013 and January 2018 at a single institution were reviewed. The predictive ability of 45 variables for discharge location (SNF/rehab vs home) was tested, including preoperative sociodemographic factors, intraoperative metrics, postoperative labs, as well as 30 Elixhauser comorbidities. Parameters surviving selection were included in a multivariable logistic regression model, which was calibrated using 20,000 bootstrapped samples. Results A total of 1786 (17.6%) cases were discharged to a SNF/rehab, and a multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.824) despite requiring only 9 preoperative variables: age, partner status, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, gender, neurologic disease, electrolyte disorder, paralysis, and pulmonary circulation disorder. Notably, this model was independent of surgery (knee vs hip). Internal validation showed no loss of accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.8216, mean squared error: 0.0004) after bias correction for overfitting, and the model was incorporated into a readily available, online prediction tool for easy clinical use. Conclusion This convenient, interactive tool for estimating likelihood of discharge to a SNF/rehab achieves excellent accuracy using exclusively preoperative factors. These should form the basis for improved reimbursement legislation adjusting for patient risk, ensuring no disparities in access arise for vulnerable populations. Level of Evidence III.
High-speed atomic force microscopy tracks the dynamic parts of the ribosome.

“In biology, use of the force microscope will probably become quite common because of its ability to deliver films of processes,” predicted Gerd Binnig, co-inventor and Nobel prize winner for the scanning tunneling microscope, and coinventor of the atomic force microscope (AFM), in a 1992 review (ref. 1, p. 14). This prediction was made based on the fact that by 1992 AFM operated in liquid and at ambient temperature and pressure, and thus should allow the direct observation of biological dynamics. However, the image acquisition speed of AFM was far too slow to visualize biomolecules in action at relevant timescales, until Ando et al. (2) presented a technological milestone in a 2001 PNAS paper, the development of the first high-speed AFM (HS-AFM) that allowed taking movies of biomolecules at subsecond imaging speed, in liquid and at ambient temperature and pressure. Further improvements were necessary to accomplish the direct visualization of myosin-V walking along actin filaments (3). Since then, HS-AFM has proven powerful to image a wide variety of biomolecules, including channels (4, 5), transporters (6), and protein–DNA complexes (7, 8). In all these examples, HS-AFM revealed molecular dynamics without inference, in contrast to methods where the response of labels or other secondary signals are measured. In the present work by Imai et al. (9), the first author who took the movies of walking myosin-V, as one of a group of lead authors, now presents movies showing how individual archaeal ribosomes use their P-stalk as a flexible landing platform for the recruitment of translational GTPases aEF1A and aEF2. Translation, the process … [↵][1]1Email: sis2019{at}med.cornell.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Hidden Costs in Resident Training: Financial Cohort Analysis of First Assistants in Reduction Mammaplasty.

Graduate medical education (GME) programs are vital to developing future plastic surgeons. However, their cost-efficiency has yet to be contextualized. This cohort quality improvement (QI) project aimed to measure the indirect costs an institution assumes in training surgical residents, by comparing the differences in operative time and procedural charges between a resident and a physician assistant (PA) first-assisting during adolescent reduction mammaplasty. Methods From 2013 to 2019, adolescent bilateral reduction mammaplasty procedures first-assisted by either a resident or physician assistant were considered for analysis. Financial data, including all hospital and physician expenditures and operation duration, patient demographics, and outcomes data were retrospectively collected. Results A total of 49 reduction mammaplasty cases were included for analysis. Residents had an average of 5.9 ± 1.5 years of post-graduate surgical training, whereas the PA had 2 years of surgical experience. Procedures first-assisted by a surgical resident took a mean/median of 34 minutes longer and were $3750 more expensive, respectively, than cases first-assisted by a PA (P < 0.01, both). Conclusions Reduction mammaplasty procedures were longer and accrued higher charges when first-assisted by a surgical resident than by a PA. Although Graduate Medical Education programs are necessary to train the next generation of surgeons, they may result in unintended opportunity costs for teaching hospitals. Federal support to academic medical centers aims to cushion the cost of residential training, but is insufficient to compensate for resident inefficiency. Hospitals may consider incorporating PAs into the Graduate Medical Education paradigm to alleviate administrative burden, lower operational charges, and enhance resident training curricula.
Nomenclatural Notes and New Combinations in Lauraceae

In the course of reviewing publications on Lauraceae, several nomenclatural problems were found. Solving these problems led to the proposal of new names for Litsea pseudoelongata Kosterm. (L. siamensis van der Werff), Cryptocarya lancifolia Kosterm. (C. stenophylla van der Werff), and C. pauciflora Lauterb. & K. Schum. (C. oligantha van der Werff). Beilschmiedia velutinosa Kosterm. is a synonym of B. lanatella Kosterm., and Lindera spicata Kosterm. (1992) is a later homonym of L. spicata Kosterm. (1973). Nectandra roberto-andinoi (C. Nelson) C. Nelson is transferred to Damburneya Raf., and Ocotea ligulata van der Werff is transferred to Mespilodaphne Nees & Mart.
Public-Sector Unionism: A Review

In the larger policy debate over the role of public sector unions, there is a tendency to blur the lines between the history and goals of the private sector union movement and those of the public sector union movement, and thereby misunderstand their unique effects. The public sector union movement shares a link to the history and institutional structure of private sector unionism, yet they are also distinct movements, differing in origins, goals, approaches to bargaining, philosophies, and effects. These two unionisms operate in different spheres. Private unionism operates as a labor cartel within the market economy and thus affects the profitability of firms, economic growth, the demand for labor, and consumer prices. Public sector unions function as a monopoly provider of labor within a bureaucratic-political realm. Public sector unionism introduces an unelected body into policy-making, thereby undermining the sovereignty of the state. Public sector employees are able to influence through political lobbying their ―employer-sponsors‖ or politicians, who may seek to enhance union employment as a means of expanding their constituency. This study reviews the origins, goals, and fiscal effects of public sector unionism.
Nontraumatic injuries in the ncaa: Collegiate football strength coaches should exercise caution this off-season

Strength and conditioning coaches were allegedly involved in pre-COVID-19 nontraumatic injuries/deaths (e.g., exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, cardiorespiratory failure) of NCAA (mainly football) student-athletes during off-season training sessions. During the COVID-19 health crisis, non-pharmaceutical interventions against the SARS-CoV-2 virus included suspension of NCAA seasons, which led to student-athletes exhibiting lower levels of mental health. All NCAA championships have now been reinstated. This summer the off-season is unique, because as several programs had stopped practicing/competing for several months, it may foster additional threats to the wellbeing of the student-athletes. Immediate supplementary action may be necessary this collegiate football off-season in order to lower the probability of potential tragic/catastrophic events due to physical and psychological side-effects stemming from the prolonged inactivity period. © 2021, Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved.
Oceanic harbingers of Pacific Decadal Oscillation predictability in CESM2 detected by neural networks

Predicting Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) transitions and understanding the associated mechanisms has proven a critical but challenging task in climate science. As a form of decadal variability,...
Respiratory Non-Invasive Venous Waveform Analysis for Assessment of Respiratory Distress in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Observational Study.

OBJECTIVES: Due to the rapid rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and the heterogeneity of symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, expeditious and effective triage is critical for early treatment and effective allocation of hospital resources. DESIGN: A post hoc analysis of respiratory data from non-invasive venous waveform analysis among patients enrolled in an observational study was performed. SETTING: Vanderbilt University Medical Center. PATIENTS: Peripheral venous waveforms were recorded from admission to discharge in enrolled coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients and healthy age-matched controls. INTERVENTIONS: Data were analyzed in LabChart 8 to transform venous waveforms to the frequency domain using fast Fourier transforms. The peak respiratory frequency was normalized to the peak cardiac frequency to generate a respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index. Paired Fisher exact tests were used to compare each patient's respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index at admission and discharge. A nonparametric one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons between patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and healthy controls for respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifty coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients were enrolled between April 2020, and September 2020, and 45 were analyzed; 34 required supplemental oxygen and 11 did not. The respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index was significantly higher for the 34 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who received supplemental oxygen (median, 0.27; interquartile range, 0.11-1.28) compared with the 34 healthy controls (median, 0.06; interquartile range, 0.03-0.14) (p < 0.01). For patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who received supplemental oxygen, respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index was significantly lower at hospital discharge (p = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.10-1.9) compared with hospital admission (median = 0.12; interquartile range, 0.05-0.56). For patients with coronavirus disease 2019, a respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index of 0.64 demonstrated sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 47%, and positive predictive value of 93% for predicting requirement of supplemental oxygen during the hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory non-invasive venous waveform analysis respiratory index represents a novel physiologic respiratory measurement with a promising ability to triage early care and predict the need for oxygen support therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
A wireless modular sensor architecture and its application in on-shoe gait analysis

We have developed a compact wireless modular sensor architecture, which contains a number of circuit boards (panes), currently used in an application for on-shoe gait analysis. Each pane instantiates a major function - e.g. inertial sensing, tactile sensing or data collection and transmission. As opposed to similar architectures, this system treats the sensor panes as discrete design objects that have data collection as their primary goal. This architecture has allowed us to develop a shoe-mounted system that is capable of measuring gait parameters outside of a traditional motion laboratory. The small size of the circuit boards allows for a compact attachment that fits on the back of the shoe, and the integrated wireless transceiver allows the data to be collected continuously and in any environment.
A follow-up on infants born of eclamptic mothers.

Abstract 1. 1. This report consists of a follow-up on 25 infants born of mothers with antepartum eclampsia. 2. 2. Analysis was done in terms of type and amount of maternal medication prior to delivery, birth weights, 1 minute Apgar scores, perinatal mortality, and subsequent neurological infant follow-up examinations. 3. 3. The number of available cases was insufficient to provide figures that would indicate the advantages of the contrasted methods of management of eclampsia, as illustrated by the three groups of cases of the total series.
Diimide as a reagent for the hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers

(Eingegangen am 13. Marz 1972) SUMMARY: The hydrogenation of various butadiene polymers and of polyisoprene with diimide generated in situ from p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide was investigated. The best results were obtained when concentrated polymer solutions were heated with a five-fold excess of p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide. Complete hydrogenation of all polymers was obtained under such conditions, but some 1,2-butadienyl units were found to contain fragments derived from p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide. Diimide seems to be a good reagent for hydrogenating unsaturated units in polymers, but mild conditions for generating it are needed if side reactions are to be avoided. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Hydrierung von verschiedenen Butadien- und Isopren-Polymeren mit Diimid wurde untersucht, wobei das Diimid durch thermische Zersetzung von p-Toluolsulfonylhydrazid in situ bereitet wurde. Die besten Ergebnisse erzielte man durch Erhitzen konzentrierter Losungen von Polymeren mit einem fiinffachen UberschuB an Hydrazid. Unter diesen Bedingungen wurde vollstindige Hydrierung aller Polymeren erreicht ; allerdings fand man in einigen 1,2-Butadien-Einheiten Zersetzungsprodukte des p-Toluolsulfonylhydrazids. Das Diimid scheint ein gutes Reagens fur die Hydrierung ungesattigter Einheiten in Polymeren zu sein. Um Nebenreaktionen zu vermeiden, sind jedoch milde Bedingungen erforderlich.
Imaging of Lung Cancer

Issues I. Is there a role for imaging in lung cancer screening? A. What is the role of chest X-ray? B. What is the role of computed tomography? II. How should lung cancer be staged? A. How is the primary tumor evaluated? B. How is the mediastinum evaluated? C. How are distant metastases evaluated? D. Special case: how is small cell lung cancer evaluated? E. Special case: what is the appropriate radiologic follow-up?
GEOLOGY OF THE BLUE RIVER GNEISS, EASTERN ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, OKLAHOMA

The Blue River Gneiss, along with the Burch Granodiorite, Troy Granite, and Tishomingo Granite compose the Proterozoic basement in the eastern Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma. The Blue River, in contrast to the other three units, shows the effects of a pervasive regional metamorphism and recrystallization of constituent minerals. This metamorphic overprint produced a foliation and locally a metamorphic layering in those rocks having a sufficiently high color index. In the more leucocratic phases, a mineral orientation defines the foliation. In other rocks, an otherwise homogeneous granitoid contains scattered K-feldspar megacrysts (porphyroblasts or relicts?) that display a preferred orientation.
Pilot mental workload with predictive system status information

Research has shown a strong pilot preference for predictive information of aircraft system status in the flight deck. However, the mental workload associated with using this predictive information has not been ascertained. The study described, attempts to measure mental workload. In this simulator experiment, three types of predictive information (none, whether a parameter was changing abnormally, and the time for a parameter to reach an alert range) and four initial times to a parameter alert range (1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and ETA+45 minutes) were tested to determine their effects on subjects' mental workload. Subjective workload ratings increased with increasing predictive information (whether a parameter was changing abnormally or the time for a parameter to reach an alert range). Subjective situation awareness decreased with more predictive information but it became greater with increasing initial times to a parameter alert range. Also, subjective focus changed depending on the type of predictive information. Lastly, skin temperature fluctuated less as the initial time to a parameter alert range increased.
Research progress in high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are now considered to be the technology of choice for future hybrid electric and full electric vehicles to address global warming. LiCoO 2 has been the most widely used cathode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Since LiCoO 2 has economic and environmental issues, intensive research has been directed towards the development of alternative low cost, environmentally friendly cathode materials as possible replacement of LiCoO 2 . Among them, spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 material is one of the promising and attractive cathode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries because of its high voltage (4.7 V), acceptable stability, and good cycling performance. Research advances in high voltage spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 are reviewed in this paper. Developments in synthesis, structural characterization, effect of doping, and effect of coating are presented. In addition to conventional synthesis methods, several alternative synthesis methods are also summarized. Apart from battery performance, the application of spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 material in asymmetric supercapacitors is also discussed.
Trimming Shakespeare's Sonnet 18

(2003). Trimming Shakespeare's Sonnet 18. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 18-19.
Foreign intervention in Africa: from the cold war to the war on terror

Foreign intervention in Africa is a timely book that provides a useful survey of the nature, dynamics, and consequences of foreign intervention in the continent since independence. The book consist...
A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING MEMBRANE PERFORMANCE DURING PROCESSING OF COTTONSEED PROTEIN EXTRACTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Commercial membrane processing is an emerging new field. Consequently, there is still much to be learned about the process in general and about particular applications. Except for the dairy industry, little work has been reported in the literature relative to food processing. The purpose of the work reported was to determine which factors influence membrane performance when processing cottonseed protein extracts by ultrafiltration. Interest was centered on those factors affecting membrane flux and ways to improve and maintain the flux during processing. Maintenance of membrane flux is imperative for the process to be economically feasible on a commercial scale. Protein extracts were prepared at the Food Protein Research and Development Center (FPRDC) pilot plant from glandless cottonseed flour using a selective extraction procedure. Extracts were pasteurized and processed directly or frozen until used. The effects of pressure, feed velocity, temperature and feed composition on permeate flux were investigated using different membranes and membrane systems. It was found that permeate flux could be estimated as a function of Reynolds number. Viscosity, an important variable in Reynolds number, was found to be a function of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the membrane feed solution and the relation was of the form v= aBN where v is kinematic viscosity and N is feed nitrogen content, and a and B are constants which are functions of temperature. The viscosity did not correlate as strongly with total organics (total solids minus ash) or carbohydrates as with total nitrogen.
Pressure-rate products and phase angles in children on minimal support ventilation and after extubation.

To compare the pressure-rate products and phase angles of children during minimal support ventilation and after extubation. Prospective, randomized single-center trial in a pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary children’s hospital. Seventeen endotracheally intubated, mechanically ventilated children were placed on T-piece, T-piece with heliox, continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure support in random order. Esophageal pressure swings, phase angles, respiratory mechanics, and physiological parameters were measured on these modes and after extubation. Pressure-rate product postextubation was significantly higher than on support modes. For each mode and after extubation they were: pressure support 198±31, continuous positive airway pressure 237±30, T-piece 323±47, T-piece/heliox 308±61, and extubation 378±43 cmH2O/min. Phase angles were significantly higher during T-piece ventilation than pressure support but not did not differ significantly from postextubation. Assessment of effort of breathing during even minimal mechanical ventilation may underestimate postextubation effort in children. Postextubation pressure-rate product and hence “effort of breathing” in children is best approximated by T-piece ventilation.
Photoelectron holography studies of Bi on Si(111)

Photoelectron holography is applied to Bi atoms adsorbed on Si(111) for a determination of the three-dimensional atomic structure. Instead of measuring the absolute intensity as a function of photon energy as is traditionally done, a differential measurement is carried out to yield the logarithmic derivative of the intensity. This leads to intensity self-normalization, and significantly improves the accuracy. The resulting images show a well-resolved trimer structure for the adsorption geometry.
EFFECT OF URINARY "GONADOTROPHIN-INHIBITING SUBSTANCE" UPON THE ACTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (APL) AND ON HUMAN POSTMENOPAUSAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN (PERGONAL).

The studies described in this paper demonstrate that the gonadotrophininhibiting substance present in urine of normal subjects inhibits urinary gonadotrophin exercising an LH-like effect (APL), while such inhibition is absent with gonadotrophin manifesting FSH-like action (Pergonal). Data are presented to establish the physiologic character of this fraction.
Sensation is painless

Emily Dickinson declared: 'After great pain, a formal feeling comes'. This formal feeling begins when sensory neurons are activated by noxious stimuli, such as stepping on a tack. Recently, Seymour Benzer's group identified sensory neurons in Drosophila larvae that mediate aversive responses to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli. Thresholds for behavioral and nerve responses are elevated by mutations in the painless gene, which encodes a TRP ion channel protein. Painless thus joins an elite group of TRPs implicated in sensory transduction in insects, nematodes, mammals and fish.
Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and trp repressor interaction with the promoter-operator region of the tryptophan operon of Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract Close contacts between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and specific purine residues in the tryptophan ( trp ) operon promoter of Salmonella typhimurium were revealed using the methylating agent dimethyl sulfate. RNA polymerase bound to trp promoter DNA caused alterations in the rate of methylation at seven specific sites; in the anti-sense strand, guanine residues at positions −37, −34 and −2 showed enhanced methylation, while those at positions −14, −6 and +3 showed reduced methylation. In the sense strand, only the guanine residue at −32 showed reduced methylation. No RNA polymerase contacts with adenine residues were observed. Using the same method, close interactions between E. coli trp repressor and purine residues in the trp operator of S. typhimurium were examined. Bound trp repressor alters the methylation rates of both guanine and adenine residues from positions −25 to +3. The points of contact are distributed rather symmetrically on both DNA strands. Three points of close contact are shared by RNA polymerase and trp repressor, supporting previous models of trp repressor action.
Ras activates the epithelial Na+ channel through phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase signaling

Aldosterone induces expression and activation of the GTP-dependent signaling switch K-Ras. This small monomeric G protein is both necessary and sufficient for activation of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). The mechanism by which K-Ras enhances ENaC activity, however, is uncertain. We demonstrate here that K-Ras activates human ENaC reconstituted in Chinese hamster ovary cells in a GTP-dependent manner. K-Ras influences ENaC activity most likely by affecting open probability. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) abolished K-Ras actions on ENaC. In contrast, inhibition of other K-Ras effector cascades, including the MAPK and Ral/Rac/Rho cascades, did not affect K-Ras actions on ENaC. Activation of ENaC by K-Ras, moreover, was sensitive to co-expression of dominant negative p85(PI3K). The G12:C40 effector-specific double mutant of Ras, which preferentially activates PI3K, enhanced ENaC activity in a manner sensitive to inhibition of PI3K. Other effector-specific mutants preferentially activating MAPK and RalGDS signaling had no effect. Constitutively active PI3K activated ENaC independent of K-Ras with the effects of PI3K and K-Ras on ENaC not being additive. We conclude that K-Ras activates ENaC via the PI3K cascade.