cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Serotonin (5-HT) Projections to the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell: Relation of the 5-HT Transporter to Amphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated as mediating the rewarding effects of stimulant drugs; however, recent studies suggest that 5-HT release may also contribute. In an effort to assess the role of 5-HT in drug-mediated reward, this study analyzed the serotonergic innervation of NAc using immunocytochemistry for 5-HT and the 5-HT transporter (SERT). We report that in control rats the NAc receives two distinct types of 5-HT axons that differ in regional distribution, morphology, and SERT expression. Most regions of the NAc are innervated by thin 5-HT axons that express SERT, but in the caudal NAc shell nearly all 5-HT axons lack SERT and have large spherical varicosities. Two weeks after methamphetamine or p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) treatment, most 5-HT axons in dorsal striatum and NAc have degenerated; however, the varicose axons in the shell appear intact. These drug-resistant 5-HT axons that lack SERT densely innervate the caudal one-third of the accumbens shell, the same location where dopamine axons are spared after methamphetamine. Moreover, 4 hr after PCA, the varicose axons in the caudal shell retain prominent stores of 5-HT, whereas 5-HT axons in the rest of the NAc are depleted of neurotransmitter. The results demonstrate that two functionally different 5-HT projections innervate separate regions of the NAc and that selective vulnerability to amphetamines may result from differential expression of SERT. We postulate that action potentials conducted from the raphe nuclei can release 5-HT throughout the NAc, whereas transporter-mediated release induced by stimulant drugs is more restricted and unlikely to occur in the caudal NAc shell.
Elastic wave propagation in a highly scattering medium - A diffusion approach

The propagation of elastic waves in the moon, where the first seismograms were characterized by the presence of a long coda attributed to strongly scattered waves, is modeled with the aid of the time-dependent equation of radiative transfer. The average energy density as a function of time and space is described by the diffusion equation with linear dissipation on the assumption that all the energy present has been scattered many times and the time and distance scales of the problem are long compared to the scales of the scattering process. Ultrasonic experiments in the laboratory confirm the applicability of the formalism.
Evaluation of CYP3A4 inhibition and hepatotoxicity using DMSO-treated human hepatoma HuH-7 cells

A human hepatoma cell line (HuH-7) was evaluated as a metabolically competent cell model to investigate cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition, induction, and hepatotoxicity. First, CYP3A4 gene expression and activity were determined in HuH-7 cells under three culture conditions: 1-week culture, 3-week culture, or 1 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. HuH-7 cells treated with DMSO for 2 weeks after confluence expressed the highest CYP3A4 gene expression and activity compared to the other two culture conditions. Furthermore, CYP3A4 activity in DMSO-treated HuH-7 cells was compared to that in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2/C3A) and human bipotent progenitor cell line (HepaRG), which yielded the following ranking: HepaRG > DMSO-treated HuH-7 >> HepG2/C3A cells. The effects of three known CYP3A4 inhibitors were evaluated using DMSO-treated HuH-7 cells. CYP3A4 enzyme inhibition in HuH-7 cells was further compared to human recombinant CYP3A4, indicating similar potency for reversible inhibitors (IC 50 within 2.5-fold), but different potency for the irreversible inhibitor. Next, induction of CYP3A4 activity was compared between DMSO-treated HuH-7 and HepaRG cells using two known inducers. DMSO-treated HuH-7 cells yielded minimal CYP3A4 induction compared to that in the HepaRG cells after 48-h treatments. Finally, the cytotoxicity of five known hepatotoxicants was evaluated in DMSO-treated HuH-7, HepG2/C3A, and HepaRG cells, and significant differences in cytotoxic sensitivity were observed. Overall, DMSO-treated HuH-7 cells are a valuable model for medium- or high-throughput screening of chemicals for CYP3A4 inhibition and hepatotoxicity.
Putting the “Vanishing American” into the Twentieth‐Century U.S. History Survey

(1995). Putting the “Vanishing American” into the Twentieth‐Century U.S. History Survey. The Historian: Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 664-668.
Trends in Management of Adnexal Masses in the Pediatric/Adolescent Population of Central Illinois

gynecologic surgeons (odds ratio [OR] 10.117, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.341-76.354). Premenarchal status (p1⁄4.0240), ischemic appearing adnexa (p<.0001), and presence of torsion (p1⁄4.0093) were also found to be associated with higher likelihood of oophorectomy. Conclusions: We found a higher rate of ovarian preservation for benign adnexal pathology with the addition of a gynecologist to the surgical staff of a major children’s hospital. This held true when comparing rates of oophorectomy performed solely by pediatric surgeons before and after the addition of a gynecologist at our institution. The results of this study highlight the benefits of a gynecologic surgeon in a surgical department at a children’s hospital.
Placental pathology at term associated with elevated midtrimester maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentration

Abstract Reports have supported an association between elevated midtrimester maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentrations (unexplained by fetal anomalies) and intrauterine growth retardation. Our observations show an association between such elevations of maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels and two types of placental pathology at delivery, chronic villitis and placental vascular lesions of infarction or intervillous thrombosis. If chronic villitis was present, the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation was significantly increased, whereas no increase in intrauterine growth retardation was found in the absence of placental pathology.
Remote multi-color excitation using femtosecond propagating surface plasmon polaritons in gold films

We demonstrate dual-color nonlinear excitation of quantum dots positioned onto a gold film at distances up to 40 μm away from a micrometer sized focused laser spot. We attribute the observed remote nonlinear signal to the excitation of two independent surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes excited at the laser spot in the gold film, which subsequently propagate in a collinear fashion to a distant site and provide the surface field required for nonlinear excitation of the target. This scheme decouples the illuminating photon flux from surface plasmon mediated nonlinear excitation of the target, which provides more control of unwanted heating effects at the target site and represents an attractive approach for surface-mediated femtosecond nonlinear examinations of molecules.
Checkmate: Using political skill to recognize and capitalize on opportunities in the ‘game’ of organizational life

Abstract Politics in organizations are a fact of life, and have been regarded as such for decades by organizational scientists and practitioners alike. Unfortunately, far less is known about the skills or competencies needed in order to be successful—and even survive—in such political environments. Although many believe performance, effectiveness, and career success are determined mostly by intelligence and hard work, political perspectives on organizations contend that other factors such as positioning, social astuteness, and interpersonal savvy also play important roles; that is, individuals need to possess political skill. In this article, we describe the underlying features and operation of political skill in organizations, and argue that it allows people to be effective at work by giving them the capacity to more accurately recognize opportunities in the work environment and effectively capitalize on those opportunities. Using the game of chess as a metaphor, we describe how politically skilled individuals strategically employ their competencies in ways that ensure goal attainment. Further, we provide some practical guidance for employees about how to play the organizational politics ‘game’ to facilitate success.
Investigating archaeological site formation processes on the battleship USS Arizona using finite element analysis

Abstract Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) worked in a collaborative partnership with archaeologists from the National Park Service's (NPS) Submerged Resources Center (SRC) to develop a finite element model (FEM) of the battleship USS Arizona . An FEM is a computer-based engineering model that calculates theoretical stresses, propagation of force, and shape changes to a structure under loads using thousands or even millions of individual elements whose individual responses are well understood. NIST researchers created an FEM of an 80 ft. (25 m) midships section of the Arizona site to analyze archaeological site formation processes on the sunken battleship, in particular to determine the current condition of the wreck and predict its future strength and structural integrity as it continues to corrode. The NIST's FEM study is one aspect of a larger project under the direction of the NPS, the USS Arizona Preservation Project, whose goal is to determine the nature and rate of corrosion affecting USS Arizona , and to model its long-term structural deterioration. The FEM incorporates findings from other key components of the USS Arizona Preservation Project, such as steel hull corrosion rates, structural surveys of the vessel, sediment compaction studies, and analysis of the concretion that covers the ship's hull, into a single tool that is being used to predict how the wreck will degrade in the future.
Growth of and competition between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in vitro.

Abstract Competitive interactions between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were studied because both species appear to have identical ecological niches in vitro. Tachyzoites of N. caninum (NC-1 isolate) and T. gondii (RH isolate) were compared in three in vitro studies: (1) rate of penetration of host cells; (2) generation time; and (3) competition between the two species when grown together in the same flask and allowed to compete for space. When tachyzoites of the two species were inoculated onto human foreskin fibroblasts, 3.24-times more N. caninum tachyzoites penetrated cells by 1 h p.i. At 3 h p.i., there were 2.87-times more N. caninum intracellular tachyzoites than T. gondii tachyzoites. The generation times for N. caninum (NC-1 isolate) and T. gondii (RH isolate) were approximately 14–15 h and 8–10 h, respectively. Before exponential growth occurred, both species displayed a lag period, which was 10–12 h for N. caninum and 8–10 h for T. gondii . To observe competition, equal numbers of tachyzoites of each species were mixed and inoculated into flasks of host cells, and the monolayers were allowed to proceed to >90% lysis before the next transfer. Competition was analysed for 31 days by labelling samples of each flask with a species-specific monoclonal antibody and determining the ratio of each species. In all trials, T. gondii outcompeted N. caninum . By 4 days p.i., 70% of the tachyzoites were T. gondii ; this percentage increased to 97% by 23 days p.i. When the starting inoculum contained 75% N. caninum and 25% T. gondii tachyzoites, T. gondii was still competitively superior. When infected monolayers that were labelled with T. gondii -specific antibodies were examined, it was noted that both species can occupy and undergo endodyogeny in the same host simultaneously.
Raman active phonons in Tl-based high-Tc superconductors

Abstract We explore the symmetries and structural similarities within the single layer Tl high- T c materials with n immediately adjacent Cu-O planes, which we designate 1-Tl( n ). The same approach is taken for the double layer Tl materials, called 2-Tl( n ). YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- δ is a special case of 1-Tl(2). With this understanding, an excellent overview of Raman active modes can be ma de and some new Raman data are presented. We find that the frequencies that should be similar within and between these two families are understood, as well as the phonon modes that should be different. The agreement with experiment is good and this understanding simplifies mode assignments and should help to pinpoint Raman modes which are not intrinsic.
Empowering Makers in the Cognitive Era

After briefly surveying the history of knowledge, computing, programming, and software engineering, computing education will be reframed as empowering makers in the cognitive era. The makers' movement is about the democratization of the tools of self-expression and production. From global cloud-based deployment of apps on smart phones to nano-manipulation of advanced materials in custom jewelry and clothing with open designs downloadable for 3D printers, software empowers makers to co-create value in smart service systems. Smart service systems are based on provider platforms that enable customer to interact and co-create value together. In addition, cognitive assistants for all business occupations and societal roles are beginning to appear democratizing access to knowledge and expertise in smart service systems. Teaching about the elegance, not just correctness, of solutions and how they serve customers wants, needs, and aspiration will be of increasing importance. The implications for a next generation of students who "make a job, not just take a job" even before graduation will be explored. Also, issues of sustainability and resilience of smart service systems with empowered makers in the cognitive era will be explored. Rethinking the rights and responsibilities of empowered makers at all ages will require an especially close examination of the way teamwork is encouraged and rewarded in families, neighborhoods, and educational institutions.
The Role of Race in Football Card Prices

Objective. Several studies have examined the impact of race and the value of baseball cards, but few have investigated the role of race on football card values. Methods. Data were derived from 1,279 black and white football players who were selected to participate in at least one Pro Bowl and who started their careers between 1946, the year professional football in the United States became racially integrated when Kenny Washington played in a game for the Los Angeles Rams, and 1988, the last year of Topps' monopoly in the football card market. Data for each player's race, value of their rookie card, card availability, card vintage, performance, Hall of Fame status, and position were obtained. Results. When controlling for other factors, race has no effect on the value of players' rookie cards, whereas card vintage exerted the most influence on the value of players' cards. Conclusions. Football card values are largely driven by objective markers, supporting the conclusion that the market performs pretty much as expected for a collector market. Speculations on the absence of race effect, limitations related to the study, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Therapeutic Uses of the Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy

Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) has been used to improve vision and reduce ocular symptoms in a variety of disorders. These include corneal dystrophies, scars, nodules, recurrent erosions, surgically induced astigmatism, and active infections. Using the criteria of two lines of improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, successful outcomes in large series range from approximately 60% to 80% of patients. PTK can obviate the need for penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty in over 70% of patients. Complications include a hyperopic shift in refractive error, corneal scarring, irregular astigmatism, corneal infection/ulceration, induced astigmatism, glare, and reactivation of herpes simplex. PTK has become a useful surgical tool for the treatment of corneal disorders. It can delay or eliminate the need for more invasive procedures, such as penetrating keratoplasty.
The Heffter Research Institute: Past and Hopeful Future

AbstractThis essay describes the founding of the Heffter Research Institute in 1993 and its development up to the present. The Institute is the only scientific research organization dedicated to scientific research into the medical value of psychedelics, and it has particularly focused on the use of psilocybin. The first clinical treatment study was of the value of psilocybin in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Next was a UCLA study of psilocybin to treat end-of-life distress in end-stage cancer patients. While that study was ongoing, a trial was started at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) to study the efficacy of psilocybin in treating anxiety and depression resulting from a cancer diagnosis. Following the successful completion of the UCLA project, a larger study was started at New York University, which is near completion. A pilot study of the value of psilocybin in treating alcoholism at the University of New Mexico also is nearing completion, with a larger two-site study being planned. Other studies under...
Functional approach to exploring climatic and landscape controls on runoff generation. 2. Timing of runoff storm response

Hortonian overland flow, Dunne overland flow and subsurface stormflow are the three dominant mechanisms contributing to both the volume and timing of streamflow. A previous study quantified the climatic and landscape controls on the relative dominance of the volumes of the different runoff components. In this paper we explore the impacts of climate, soil and topography on the timing of these runoff components in small catchments within the framework of the Connected Instantaneous Response Functions (CIRF). The CIRF here is viewed as a probability density function of travel times of water droplets associated with a given runoff generation mechanism (from the locations where they are generated to the catchment outlet). CIRF is a refinement of the traditional catchment IRF in that it explicitly accounts for variable contributing areas: only those partial areas of runoff generation which are hydrologically connected to the outlet are regarded as contributing areas. The CIRFs are derived for each runoff mechanism through the numerical simulations with a spatially distributed hydrological model which accounts for spatially distributed runoff generation and routing, involving all three mechanisms, under multiple combinations of climate, soil and topographic properties. The advective and dispersive aspects of catchment’s runoff routing response are captured throughmore » the use of, respectively, the mean travel times and dimensionless forms of the CIRFs (i.e., scaled by their respective mean travel times). It was found that the CIRFs, upon non-dimensionalization, collapsed to common characteristic shapes, which could be explained in terms of the relative contributions of hillslope and channel network flows, and especially of the size of the runoff contributing areas. The contributing areas are themselves governed by the competition between drainage and recharge to the water table, and could be explained by a dimensionless drainage index which quantifies this competition. On the other hand, the mean residence times were vastly different in each case, and are governed by relative lengths of the flow pathways, flow velocities (and their variability) and the study also revealed simple indicators based on landscape properties that can explain their magnitudes in different catchments.« less
DDE in birds: Lethal residues and loss rates

Lethal brain residues of DDE2 were determined experimentally in four species of wild birds given dietary dosage of 1,500 ppm DDE until one-half had died, then sacrificing the survivors, chemically analyzing the tissues, and comparing results in dead birds and survivors. In all species, residues of 300 to 400 ppm of DDE in the brain were considered to show increasing likelihood of death from DDE, confirming results of an earlier study with a single species. Body residues (ppm wet weight) were not diagnostic, overlapping grossly in dead birds and survivors, but averaging higher in survivors. Body residues (ppm lipid base), however, were higher in dead birds and did not overlap those in survivors.
Agents and Norms in the New Economics of Science

In this article, the author focuses on Philip Kitcher's and Alvin Goldman's economic models of the social character of scientific knowledge production. After introducing some relevant methodological issues in the social sciences and characterizing Kitcher's and Goldman's models, the author goes on to show that special problems arise directly from the concept of an agent invoked in the models. The author argues that the two distinct concepts of agents, borrowed from economics and cognitive psychology, are inconsistent. Finally, the author discusses some of the normative implications that arise from adopting economic concepts of agents in the study of science.
The Evaporation Rate of Filament Material from Alternating Current Heated Filaments

The operation of an incandescent filament on alternating current of the form, i = i0 sinωt, is reviewed. A model for the ac evaporation rate, in a vacuum of a uniformly heated straight wire, is presented in terms of: (1) The known temperature fluctuations, and (2) The evaporation rate evaluated at the do and the ac mean filament temperatures. It is shown that the ac evaporation rate can be significantly greater than the dc evaporation rate. A method of evaluating the ac evaporation rate in terms of the spectral modulation is developed.
Derivative Hartree—Fock theory to all orders

Abstract The means for determining all orders of derivatives of molecular orbitals is demonstrated. The corresponding energy derivatives are also generated as well as the next-higher energy derivatives. Any wavefunction obtainable witli a Fock operator method can be differentiated this way, and in the case of the first energy derivative of a closed-shell wavefunction, it reduces to the original approach of Pulay. The generality of the approach has made possible an implementation which, apart from the separate step of calculating derivatives of atomic basis function integrals, has no restriction on the degree of differentiation. Results of calculations carried out with this method are presented through the third hyperpolarizability function of carbon monoxide.
Unoccupied surface-state bands on the single-domain Si(100)2 × 1 surface

We have studied the unoccupied surface bands of single-domain Si(100)2 × 1 surfaces with angle-resolved inverse photoemission (IPE). Two surface states are present near the Fermi level (EF) with flat energy dispersions at 1.1 and ∼ 0.4 eV above EF along the Γ-J direction, while along the Γ-J′ direction these state are dispersive with an apparent crossing at about halfway towards J′. Both surface bands are assigned to the empty dangling-bond states. As only one empty dangling-bond band is expected for a 2 × 1 reconstruction, we attribute the appearance of two branches to domains of asymmetric dimers on the surface, arranged into local p(2 × 2) or c(4 × 2) periodicities. These findings are analogous to the results of recent angle-resolved (direct) photoemission studies of the filled dangling bonds on the 2 × 1 and the cooled c(4 × 2) surfaces.
Developing Effective Leaders: Motivational Correlates of Leadership Styles

The purpose of this study was to examine the motivational correlates (i.e., ability beliefs and motivational and social orientations) of four leadership styles (i.e., servant, transformational, transactional, and passive/avoidant). Participants included 132 high school and college athletes at a military institute emphasizing leadership development who completed a comprehensive questionnaire assessing leadership styles and motivational variables. Canonical correlation results demonstrated that high task orientation, learning beliefs, and affiliation and recognition social orientations, coupled with lower capacity beliefs, were significantly related to more intrinsically oriented leadership styles. Leadership opportunities also demonstrated relationships with leadership consistent with hypotheses. Discussion highlighted implications for leadership development.
Nonradiative energy transfer without quenching of donor lifetime in Mn-based crystals

Abstract Examples and models of energy transfer from Mn 2+ to dopants or energy sinks in Mn-based crystals without quenching of the Mn 2+ lifetime are presented.
A genome‐wide CNV analysis of schizophrenia reveals a potential role for a multiple‐hit model

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder that is highly heritable. While both common and rare genetic variants contribute to disease risk, many questions still remain about disease etiology. We performed a genome-wide analysis of copy number variants (CNVs) in 166 schizophrenia subjects and 52 psychiatrically healthy controls. First, overall CNV characteristics were compared between cases and controls. The only statistically significant finding was that deletions comprised a greater proportion of CNVs in cases. High interest CNVs were then identified as conservative using the following filtering criteria: (i) known deleterious CNVs; (ii) CNVs >1 Mb that were novel (not found in a database of control individuals); and (iii) CNVs 1 Mb) or with multiple conservative CNVs. Two case individuals with the highest burden of conservative CNVs also share a recurrent 15q11.2 BP1-2 deletion, indicating a role for a potential multiple-hit CNV model for schizophrenia. In total, we report three 15q11.2 BP1-2 deletion individuals with schizophrenia, adding to a growing body of evidence that this CNV is involved in disease etiology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The United States and the European Crisis

The current effort on the part of the United States to save Europe is motivated not alone by humanitarianism, powerful as its force is in this country. It has also resulted from the realization that Western civilization in its ancient seats in Europe must be protected against the deadly encroachment of an eastern totalitarian civilization, if it is to live safely and ultimately to survive in the Western hemisphere. In its material aspects modern Western civilization is essentially industrial civilization. This means that in such productive activities as mining, manufacturing, trade and communications, and last but not least, agriculture, we rely increasingly upon highly artificial and mechanical arrangements, according to the prescriptions and under the prodding and propelling influence of an ever advancing science. In these artificial processes and arrangements we frequently combine materials, machines and men, not on a local, but on a world wide basis, taking them where they can be found and made to best advantage and using and reassembling them in other localities. In a sense we have made the whole world into one factory, and have been thereby enabled to put out an immensely increased world product. Telegraph, telephone and wireless, air and shipping lines, railroads and motor vehicles are the conveyors which carry men, materials, goods and news back and forth between the various departments of this world-wide mechanical and chemical plant, of which our mechanically tilled and harvested and artificially improved and fertilized fields have become an integral part. Coordinated money
Military Burden, Security Needs, and Economic Growth in the Middle East:

Economic theory and existing empirical studies do not unambiguously indicate whether higher military expenditures retard or promote economic growth, nor have there been systematic attempts to discern the sources of military spending to help determine how much of that spending can realistically be reduced. This article examines the theoretical link between military spending and economic growth, explores the domestic and regional causes of this spending, and tests a model incorporating a simultaneous relationship between military spending and economic growth in a pooled time-series cross-sectional analysis on various groupings of Middle Eastern states. While the analysis is shown sensitive to assumptions about causality and the numerous problems of pooled data, the results indicate that higher military spending has suppressed economic growth in the Middle East region even when alternative measures of the military burden are used.
Influence of Family Adversity on School-Related Behavioural Problems among Multi-Ethnic High School Students

This study examines the influence of family adversity indicators on school-related behavioural problems among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. Questionnaire data from 2787 students were linke...
The neuropathology of the nonketotic and ketotic hyperglycinemias Three cases

Abnormal dysmyelination constitutes a pathoanatomic basis for the mental retardation in two different aminoacidopathies, nonketotic hyperglycinemia and ketotic hyperglycinemia. In both conditions myelin is decreased in amount and vacuolated. Similar patterns of dysmyelination in different aminoacidopathies suggest that abnormal myelination results from inadequate synthesis of myelin proteins.
Structural features of lagomorph immunoglobulin light chains

Abstract Several structural features of present day lagomorph light chains are compared. The amino acid composition of cottontail and hare light chains fall within the range of values previously reported for domestic rabbit light chains. Cystine diagonal electrophoresis of peptic-tryptic digests confirm the presence of three intrachain disulfide bonds, one extending between the v-c domains. Neither hare nor cottontail light chains are readily split to half-light chains by limited acid hydrolysis. Amino acid sequence comparisons of a carboxyterminal hexapeptide from hare and cottontail light chains show differences with respect to each other and to domestic rabbit.
An experimental and theoretical investigation of flame-formed diamonds

Abstract Recent reports, herein reconfirmed, indicate that diamonds may be directly grown on various substrates from an oxy-acetylene flame. Thermodynamic calculations for carbon deposition show that the flame composition/substrate temperature locus is constrained within a range, a finding which has been confirmed experimentally.
Trimethylamine N-oxide synthesis: a human variant.

Abstract A 6-year-old girl exhibiting a variety of clinical symptoms including an apparant inability to metabolize trimethylamine has been shown to possess a defective liver trimethylamine oxidizing system. The defect manifested itself in a Km for trimethylamine which was five times that characteristic of normal enzyme preparation.
The inpatient psychiatric unit as a system

A university-affiliated psychiatric inpatient unit in a private general hospital is an organization which serves many purposes. However, the primary purpose is quite evident: to provide various psychiatric therapies to patients with diverse psychopathologies. This becomes extremely complicated if the unit attempts an eclectic approach. Thus, the unit must consider: (1) psychopathological frameworks such as genetic, sociocultural, psychoanalytic, behavioral, and biochemical etiologies; (2) therapeutic interventions such as individual, group, and family therapy; insight-oriented, supportive, and behavioral psychotherapy; milieu therapy; and psychopharmacological treatment; (3) the various philosophies, attitudes, and skills of the multidisciplinary team of psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, aides, social workers, activities therapists, expressive therapists, and administrative support personnel. General systems theory and general living systems models may further the conceptualization and understanding of the inpatient unit. This, in turn, may improve patient treatment. For the inpatient psychiatric unit, we describe the 19 critical subsystems of general living systems theory, with special emphasis on the decider subsystem.
Nonlinear Forced Vibration of a Beam-Type Resonator With Attached Eccentric Mass

In this paper, the nonlinear model of an asymmetric micro-bridge resonator with an attached eccentric mass is investigated. The resonator is treated using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The attached mass represents the electrostatic comb-drive actuator in micro-electromechanical applications. The center of mass of the actuator is assumed to be off the neutral axis of the beam. The governing equations of motion are derived assuming that a concentrated harmonic force is applied to the attached mass. The nonlinear forced vibration of the system is studied using the method of multiple scales. It has been demonstrated that the eccentricity of the mass may lead to different types of nonlinear resonance, e.g., superharmonic and internal resonance. The end application of the structure under investigation is in resonant sensing and energy harvesting applications.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein Encoded by the virE Locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

The transfer process of T (transfer)-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is activated after the induction of the expression of the Ti plasmid virulence (vir) loci by plant signal molecules such as acetosyringone. The vir gene products then act to generate a free transferable single-stranded copy of the T-DNA, designated the T-strand. Although some vir proteins are responsible for the synthesis of the T-strand, others may mediate T-strand transfer to plant cells as part of a DNA-protein complex. Here, a novel 69-kilodalton vir-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein is identified in Agrobacterium harboring a nopaline-type Ti plasmid. This protein binds single-stranded but not double-stranded DNA regardless of nucleotide sequence composition. The molecular size of the vir-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein and its relative abundance in acetosyringone-induced Agrobacterium suggested that it might be the product of the virE locus; molecular cloning and expression of the virE region in Escherichia coli confirmed this prediction.
Polytopes of Nonnegative Polynomials

Algebraic, recursive, and finite tests are proposed to verify if a convex polytope in the parameter space contains only axis or circle nonnegative polynomials. An extraordinary numerical simplicity of the tests is a consequence of the fact that the nonnegativity regions in the parameter space are shown to be convex, and it suffices to check only the vertex polynomials of the polytope. The tests are applied to robustness analysis of absolute stability of nonlinear continuous and discrete systems, optimality of LQ regulators, positive realness of rational functions and matrices, and positivity of polynomial matrices appearing in stability criteria for 2-D polynomials.
Viverrid neuroanatomy: Phylogenetic and behavioral implications.

External neuroanatomy of 31 genera of living viverrids is surveyed through the use of endocranial casts. Differences in neocortical sulcal patterns suggest two main groupings of subfamilies—mongooses (Herpestinae and Galidiinae) and civets and their relatives (Viverrinae, Paradoxurinae, and Hemigalinae). External neuroanatomy of Cryptoprocta provides no evidence for phylogenetic affinity to any other group of viverrids or to the ancestry of felids. Relative brain size in viverrids averages about 25 percent smaller than in canids; within the range of the family, paradoxurines appear to have relatively large brains and hemigalines relatively small brains. An expanded posterior ectosylvian gyrus in many viverrids suggests an auditory specialization, and the overlapping of the lateral sulcus by the postlateral sulcus in most mongooses suggests a visual specialization. An expanded coronal gyrus in the hemigalines Diplogale and Cynogale suggests increased tactile sensitivity of the face, presumably through elaboration of vibrissae, and a partial central sulcus in the herpestine Atilax suggests increased tactile sensitivity, muscular control of the hands, or both. Viverrids are unique among living carnivorans in including genera that display such primitive features as the lack of a cruciate sulcus (most members of the civet grouping), the lack of an orbital gyrus (most mongooses), and what appears to be an open sylvian sulcus (many genera in both groups). Therefore study of viverrid brains may provide insights into why the neocortex evolved as it did in other groups of carnivorans.
Selective growth-inhibitory, cell-cycle deregulatory and apoptotic response of apigenin in normal versus human prostate carcinoma cells.

Agents that are capable of inducing selective apoptosis of cancer cells are receiving considerable attention in developing novel cancer-preventive approaches. In the present study, employing normal human prostate epithelial cells (NHPE), virally transformed normal human prostate epithelial cells (PZ-HPV-7), and human prostate adenocarcinoma (CA-HPV-10) cells, we evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of apigenin, a flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. Apigenin treatment to NHPE and PZ-HPV-7 resulted in almost similar growth inhibitory responses of low magnitude. In sharp contrast, apigenin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability of CA-HPV-10 cells. Similar selective growth inhibitory effects were also observed for human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells compared to normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Apigenin treatment resulted in significant apoptosis of CA-HPV-10 cells as evident from (i) DNA ladder assay, (ii) fluorescence microscopy, and (iii) TUNEL assay, whereas the NHPE and PZ-HPV-7 cells did not undergo apoptosis but showed exclusive necrotic staining only at a high dose of 40 microM. Apigenin (1-10 microM) also resulted in a dose-dependent G2-M phase cell cycle arrest of CA-HPV-10 cells but not of PZ-HPV-7 cells. The growth-inhibitory and apoptotic potential of apigenin was also observed in a variety of prostate carcinoma cells representing different stage and androgen responsiveness. Apigenin may be developed as a promising chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent against prostate cancer.
Do centrally planned exchange rates behave differently from capitalist rates

Abstract We conduct a statistical analysis of the time series of the dollar value of the pound, mark, yen, yuan, dinar, and forint exchange rates. The evidence indicates that the centrally planned exchange rates are well represented by random walks, as are the capitalist rates. This might be expected if the planned rates are pegged to the capitalist rates. However, a lack of cointegration between the planned rates and the capitalist rates suggests that this is not the reason for the nonstationarity of planned exchange rates.
The Changing Communication Patterns of Engineers [Point of View]

In the 21st-century workplace, communicating information effectively is essential for organizational success. It is only with a proper understanding of the power of communication-and the multiple channels through which information is sent-that problem solving, creativity and innovation are fostered. As workers face increasing demands on their time, they are finding new and unique ways to use technology in order to communicate. Further, for the communication to be effective, workers must understand cultural differences and overcome cultural barriers, as for many in the high-tech industry, the workplace is now global. In the global environment, meetings are common, but due to distance, actual face-to-face interactions between and among colleagues are becoming less frequent.
A Conservative Approach for Treating Young Adult Patients with Porcelain Laminate Veneers

UNLABELLED Controversy persists regarding the treatment planning criteria for young adult patients in need of esthetic restorations. The trend of conservative treatment modalities continues to become widely acknowledged. One of the conservative treatment modalities is porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs). PLVs not only provide suitable esthetics but also reliable functional strength. This article presents two anterior esthetic cases to demonstrate a conservative treatment planning approach and its application as a nontraditional solution for young adult patients. It is recommended that a conservative approach be used wherever possible as an alternative to treatment options that may aggressively sacrifice tooth structure as well as the health of the supporting tissues. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE By using a conservative approach to treatment with porcelain veneers, long-lasting, esthetic, and functional results may be achieved. Sacrificing as little tooth structure as possible and conserving the supporting tissues will facilitate prospective treatments for young adult patients.
The prediction of isothermal phase equilibria for non-ideal multicomponent mixtures from heats of mixing☆

Abstract A method is presented for predicting both vapor—liquid and liquid—liquid equilibria for multicomponent mixtures using heat of mixing data for the constituent binary pairs together with pure component vapor pressures. Its application to two highly non-ideal hydrocarbon ternary systems is discussed. The parameters of the hybrid local composition model of Renon and Prausnitz, known as the NRTL equation, were evaluated from heat of mixing data for the three binary pairs in each of the two ternary systems. The parameters thus obtained were used in the multicomponent form of the NRTL equation to predict the ternary vapor—liquid equilibrium data for the completely miscible system cyclohexane(1)—n-heptane(2)—touluene(3) and for the partially miscible system acetonitrile(1)—benzene(2)—n-heptane(3) without the need for any ternary or higher order parameters. This method predicted compositions of the single phase region of the partially miscible ternary system with a standard deviation of 10%. It also predicted compositions for the fully miscible system with a standard deviation of 4.6%. Total pressure curves for the partially miscible and miscible ternaries were predicted with standard deviations of 6.6% and 4.5% respectively. Poor predictions of the binodal curve for the partially miscible region were obtained. The method offers a means of predicting the whole range of ternary phase equilibria for miscible systems.
CONJUGAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BLACK EXTENDED FAMILY

Black conjugal relationships are examined in relation to other kin relationships and contrasted with the Euro-American family pattern. In the latter, the fundamental relationship on which the nuclear family is based is the conjugal bond; the corresponding concept of family has a biological basis, seen as stemming from sexual intercourse and biological parenthood. In contrast, the Black family is grounded on the parent-child relationship—often involving shared (social) parenthood—and the social aspects of kinship take priority over a biological concept. Some descriptions and analyses of particular families demonstrate these ideas.
The use of a monetary loss function to determine the optimal fractional replicate of factorial experiments

The cost of performing factorial experiments is often greatly reduced by conducting an appropriate fractional factorial The parameter estimates produced by a fractionated experiment, however, will be less precise. This paper proposes a loss function incorporating these two costs. The optimal fractional replicate (fraction size) is then found by minimizing the expected monetary risk involved with the factorial experiment to be performed. Results are derived for both orthogonal fractions and non-orthogonal fractions. The results for the non-orthogonal case are highly intuitive, since they are a function of the efficiency of the design used.
Wage Determination and Efficiency in Search Equilibrium

The concept of a competitive market is a major tool in the analysis of economists. In the simplest version of a market, resource allocation responds instantly to changes in parameters, leaving no room for frictional unemployment. One response to the unreality of this implication has been to introduce spatially distinct markets, with unemployment as workers move between markets. As modeled by Lucas and Prescott (1974), workers who are not moving are not unemployed. An alternative response is contained in the sizeable fixed price equilibrium literature, where it is assumed that prices do not change to clear markets in the short run. In contrast, the conceptual starting place of this analysis is to drop the idea of a market. Rather than markets being the mechanism by which workers and jobs are brought together, it is assumed that there is a search process which stochastically brings together unemployed workers and vacant jobs pairwise. It is taken as axiomatic that the process takes time and so involves foregone output. It is assumed that a worker and a job brought together by the search process negotiate a wage, with instantaneous negotiation. Thus, the only frictions in the model are in the search process, with wages flexible. Actual search and negotiation processes are complicated and would be difficult to model in detail. Here we make numerous simplifying assumptions to permit explicit solution of equilibrium variables and easy analysis of their efficiency properties. The focus of the analysis is the efficiency of the incentive to enter the labour market. That is, we compare the lifetime expected present discounted value of earnings of a new worker with the social marginal product of that worker. The comparison depends critically on the bargaining solution and on the nature of the search technology. Generally, equilibrium is not efficient because of search externalities. The sources of the externalities are easy to see. The presence of an additional worker makes it easier for vacancies to find workers and harder for other workers to find jobs. The wage negotiation, however, reflects the relative bargaining powers of workers and jobs. Only in special cases will the balance of bargaining powers result in a wage which reflects the balance of search externalities as well as the value of output directly produced. The analysis identifies cases where the incentive for entry is too large or too small. This efficiency analysis complements other efficiency analyses of search intensity, job-quitting, and job-taking (Diamond (1981), Diamond and Maskin (1979, 1981), and Mortensen (1979, 1981)). These latter papers have considered markets with equal numbers of jobs and workers. This paper focuses on the implications of unequal numbers