cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crisis Management: Informing a New Leadership Research Agenda

As the business community becomes more complex, crisis events are likely to increase in both prevalence and severity. Whether management scholarship has kept pace with this new reality is debatable...
Impaired intellectual development in children with Type I diabetes: association with HbA1 c, age at diagnosis and sex

Aims/hypothesis: Good metabolic control in diabetic children is already crucial before puberty to prevent diabetic complications later in life. However, tight metabolic control could increase the risk of severe hypoglycaemia, which might be responsible for impaired intellectual performance later in life. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the relevance of long-term metabolic control and hypoglycaemia possibly affecting the intellectual development of young children with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
The effect of the immune tolerant state on early behaviour of domestic fowl.

Abstract The present pilot study of the effects of depression of the immunological apparatus of chicks by means of egg parabiosis and alpha-globulin injections (immune tolerance confirmed by subsequent prolonged retention of viable skin homografts) discloses that: 1. 1. One hundred per cent of immune tolerant domestic fowl follow a stimulus object consistently in contrast to the erratic behaviour of controls of similar strain and age; 2. 2. A greater percentage of immune tolerant chicks demonstrated withdrawal-escape activity (overt reactions to a situation) than do the control chicks; 3. 3. The highly suggestive trend shown by the biochemically altered experimental animals in the test situation invites the impression that fundamental behavioural changes have occurred.
Beliefs and Potential Use of Prescription Drug Information Sources

In recent years consumers are taking more interest in their health care, including having interest in the prescription drugs they take. This research examined people's beliefs and perceptions about...
Mineral Reactions in a Calc-Mica Schist from Gassetts, Vermont, U.S.A.

A petrographic and electron microprobe study of an interbedded calc-mica schist from Gassetts, Vermont reveals the complexities of Fe-Mg crystalline solution and gradients in XH2O/XCO2 during regional metamorphism. The common association of microcline+diopside ± zoisite formed from biotite +calcite+quartz may be produced by continuous (Fe-Mg) exchange reactions, despite the implied metastability in the CaO-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 system. Different assemblages are produced in a reaction zone between carbonate and pelite beds of varying thickness. This illustrates the importance of exhaustion of fluid buffering assemblages due to mineral reactions proceeding on a local scale. Siliceous dolomites at the same metamorphic grade have produced significantly different assemblages to the interlayered carbonatepelite sequence.
Effects of polyamine synthesis inhibitors on primary tumor features and metastatic capacity of human breast cancer cells.

We have previously reported that inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reduces pulmonary metastasis from MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenografts without affecting the volume of the primary tumors (Manni et al. Clin Exp Mets 20:321, 2003). In these experiments, we show that DFMO treatment (2% in drinking H2O) reduced the growth fraction of the primary tumors by 60%. However, this effect was counter-balanced by a similar reduction in non-apoptotic necrosis, thus accounting for the preservation of tumor volume in DFMO-treated mice. DFMO treatment caused a 4-fold increase in cytoplasmic staining for cleaved caspase-3 (as opposed to the nuclear staining observed in control tonsil tissue) in the absence of histologic evidence of apoptosis. DFMO treatment reduced the number of mice with pulmonary metastasis by 80% and the number of metastasis per mouse by 90% in association with a reduction in invasiveness of the primary tumor in the surrounding dermis and muscle by 30%. DFMO treatment increased ERK phosphorylation in the tumors, an effect that has been found by us in vitro to be causally linked to the anti-invasive effect of the drug (Manni et al. Clin Exp Metast 2004; 21: 461]. DFMO also increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-3 and expression of STAT-1 and JNK proteins. Administration of SAM486A (1 mg/kg/ip daily), an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, either individually or in combination with DFMO, was not found to exert any biological or biochemical effects, most likely as a result of its failure to suppress tissue polyamine levels under these experimental conditions.
Measures of specificity over continuous spaces under similarity relations

We introduce the concept of specificity and indicate its importance as a measure of uncertainty for information represented using fuzzy sets or possibility distributions. We provide formal measures of specificity for variables whose domain is an interval of the real line. Similarity relations are discussed and formalized. The class of width-based similarity relations is introduced. We extend the measure of specificity to allow for the effect of an underlying similarity relationship. The manifestation of this extension for a number of different similarity relations is investigated. Particularly notable results are obtained for width-based similarity relationships. More generally we note the connection between the size of a granule of information and its uncertainty. Motivated by this we investigate the effect of a similarity relationship on the perception of distance in the underlying space and use this to develop an extension of the specificity measure.
Description and practical uses of IBM ZISC036

In this paper, we will describe the basic features and capabilities of the IBM ZISC036, a massively parallel chip which implements the Restricted Coulomb Energy algorithm and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Both of the aforementioned algorithms, their learning and recognition phases, and the basic architectural structure of this hardware implementation will be discussed. The ZISC036 chip containing thirty-six neurons has the advantages of processing time reduction in comparison with classical models, adaptability, and pattern learning,; it is both easy to program and operate. A neuron is a processor capable of prototype and associated information storage as well as distance computation and communication with other neurons. At the end of this paper to show the advantage of this model and illustrate the principle of the ZISC, we will present two applications of the ZISC, one for image contour extraction, and the other for visual probe mask inspection on wafers.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Perspectives and sensitivities: teaching as the creation of conditions of possibility for geographic thinking

Abstract Teaching methodological courses means providing students with general ideas to think with, rather than specific facts to think about. Rethinking the teaching task must be informed by an awareness of ideological, philosophical, technical and analytical perspectives, and should look for basic themes uniting apparently different approaches. Almost all quantitative methodologies are actually specific examples of the mathematical operation of mapping. Genuine understanding is achieved by visualisation of a problem, rather than algebraic manipulation, and the teaching task could be aided greatly by employing the power of interactive computer graphics. It is suggested that the analytical and pedagogic approaches used by experienced teachers might be shared initially in an international conference, and so form the basis for more effective and efficient teaching in the future.
On universal elliptic curves over Igusa curves

The purpose of this note is to introduce the arithmetic, study of the universal elliptic curve over Igusa curves. Specifically, its Hasse-WeilL-function is computed in terms of modular forms and is shown to have interesting zeros. Explicit examples are presented for which the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture is verified.
Experience with Image Compression Chip Design Using Unified System Construction Tools

This paper describes the use of Unified System Construction tools under development at the University of Southern California. The goal of the project is to automate the construction of heterogeneous, application-specific systems. Key elements of the USC system include multiprocessor synthesis, multi-chip datapath synthesis, memory-intensive synthesis, and multi-chip partitioning. The tools were applied to design of an image compression chip set, and results of using these tools are reported on here. Our results are comparable to manual designs reported in the literature.
Tetramethylammonium 1,1,2,3,3‐Pentacyanopropenide

Tetramethylammonium 1,1,2,3,3-pentacyanopropenide reactant: 6.6 g. (0.10 mole) of malononitrile product: tetramethylammonium 1,1,2,3,3-pentacyanopropenide Keywords: addition, to CCCO and CCCN; hydrogen cyanide; tetracyanoethylene, skin irritant
Antimony on Diamond: A Comparison to Sb/Si and Sb/Ge

Diamond is an important semiconductor which has great potential in high temperature, high power device applications. In the fabrication process of diamond electronic device, doping of diamond and understanding of diamond/metal interfaces are important. As a Column V element, Sb is a possible dopant for diamond. Early work reported that Sb is incorporated into diamond by ion implantaion [1]. In addition, Sb plays an important role in Si and Ge heteroepitaxial growth. On the Si or Ge surface one ordered monolayer of Sb occupies the epitaxial sites and saturates the surface dangling bonds, which leads to uniform epitaxial growth. While diamond has the same crystal structure as both silicon and germanium, it has a drastically smaller lattice and much stronger bond. This makes it very difficult to extrapolate antimony's behavior on diamond from its behavior on either silicon or germanium. In this work, we have studied the electronic and geometric structure of Sb on diamond surfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. While the exact adsorption sites could not be determined, we find that antimony strongly bonds to the diamond surface. Further, antimony behaves very differently on the diamond(100) face as compared to the diamond(111) face. We also find that neither Sb/diamond system behaves like antimony on either silicon or germanium. We attribute these results to the drastically smaller diamond lattice and the stronger C-C bond.
Obligate anaerobes in clinical veterinary medicine: susceptibility to antimicrobial agents

Ninety-nine isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria obtained from clinical material were tested for susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents. Regardless of the species of animal from which the isolates were obtained 90–95% were inhibited by ≤4 μg of ampicillin/ml, ≤4 μg of chloramphenicol/ml, ≤1 μg clindamycin/ml, ≤2 μg metronidazole/ml, ≤8 μg minocycline/ml, ≤16 μg penicillin Gyml, and ≤16 μg tetracycline/ml. All the aminoglycoside antibiotics tested (gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin) were shown to be relatively ineffective requiring ≥128 μg/ml for the inhibition of >50%of the isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G and tetracycline tended to be higher for isolates from non-human primates (penicillin G) and ruminants (tetracycline).
A substrate for small patch antennas providing tunable miniaturization factors

Magnetic properties were imparted to a naturally nonmagnetic material by metallic inclusions. A patch antenna tested the performance of the magnetic metamaterial as a substrate and validated that a single substrate can achieve a range of miniaturization values. The effective medium metamaterial substrate employed electromagnetically small embedded circuits (ECs) to achieve permeability and permittivity greater than that of the host dielectric. Geometric control of the ECs allowed mu and epsi to be tailored to the application. The magnetic metamaterial exhibited enhanced mu and epsi with acceptable loss-factor levels. Models for predicting mu and epsi are presented, the benefits of employing metamaterial substrates are discussed, and the results in this antenna experiment are presented. The metamaterial exhibits performance characteristics not achievable from natural materials. Of particular significance is that with the permeability varying strongly and predictably with frequency, the miniaturization factor may be selected by tuning the operating frequency. Simulations indicate that such performance can be extended to several gigahertz with current technology. Relative permeability values in the mur=1-5 range are achievable for moderately low-loss applications. Representative antenna miniaturization factors on the order of 4-7 over a moderate (approximately 10%) transmission bandwidth and efficiencies in a moderate range (20%-35%) are demonstrated with the possibility of higher efficiencies indicated
Tuberculous Iridocyclitis in a Three-Year-Old Girl

The increase in tuberculous infection frequency in certain populations1 may be responsible for some clinical forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that were thought to have disappeared. We present a 3-year-old girl with tuberculous indocyclitis, which was the first clinical manifestation of a tuberculous infection and responsible for the loss of an eye.
Microwave phase conjugation using arrays of nonlinear optically pumped devices

Phase conjugation is a technique for reversing both the direction of propagation and the overall phase factor of an incoming wave. Up to date, most developments have concentrated on the optical regime due to the availability of nonlinear materials and power density restrictions. The extension of phase conjugation techniques to microwave frequencies has been explored using mixing elements with antennas [Cutler et al., 1963]. In this work, we report the use of optical signals as carriers of the microwave pump signal. This optical injection technique is the key to making simple, viable, low cost microwave phase conjugation arrays and nonlinear microwave surfaces.
Almost entirely correct mixing with applications to voting

In order to design an exceptionally efficient mix network, both asymptotically and in real terms, we develop the notion of almost entirely correct mixing, and propose a new mix network that is almost entirely correct. In our new mix, the real cost of proving correctness is orders of magnitude faster than all other mix nets. The trade-off is that our mix only guarantees "almost entirely correct" mixing, i.e it guarantees that the mix network processed correctly all inputs with high (but not overwhelming) probability. We use a new technique for verifying correctness. This new technique consists of computing the product of a random subset of the inputs to a mix server, then require the mix server to produce a subset of the outputs of equal product. Our new mix net is of particular value for electronic voting, where a guarantee of almost entirely correct mixing may well be sufficient to announce instantly the result of a large election. The correctness of the result can later be verified beyond a doubt using any one of a number of much slower proofs of perfect-correctness, without having to mix the ballots again.
Texture classification through level lines

The paper presents a method for texture classification through level lines. Level lines provide a non-redundant and full representation of an image, and they can be regarded as a signature for the image. By using earth mover's distance (EMD), we can classify texture images based on EMD between their level lines. Our method is a geometric approach for texture classification, which has the advantage of being contrast-, rotation- and scale-invariant.
Link scheduling in polynomial time

Two polynomial-time algorithms are given for scheduling conversations in a spread spectrum radio network. The constraint on conversations is that each station can converse with only one other station at a time. The first algorithm is strongly polynomial and finds a schedule of minimum length that allows each pair of neighboring stations to converse directly for a prescribed length of time. The second algorithm is designed for the situation in which messages must be relayed multiple hops. The algorithm produces, in polynomial time, a routing vector and compatible link schedule that jointly meet a prespecified end-to-end demand, so that the schedule has the smallest possible length. >
Dynamical queue-based task management policies for human operators

Formal methods for task management for human operators are gathering increasing attention to improve efficiency of human-in-the-loop systems. In this paper, we consider a dynamical queue approach to task management for human operators. We consider the model of dynamical queue proposed in our earlier work [1], in which the service time depends on the server utilization history. The focus of the paper is to characterize the throughput of the dynamical queue and design corresponding maximally stabilizing task release control policies, assuming deterministic arrivals. We focus extensively on threshold policies that release a task to the server only when the server state is less than a certain threshold. When every task brings in the same deterministic amount of work, we give an exact characterization of the throughput and show that an appropriate threshold policy is maximally stabilizing. When the amount of work associated with the tasks is an i.i.d. random variable with finite support, we show that the maximum throughput increases in comparison to the case where the tasks have deterministic amount of work.
INFLUENCE OF PATCH SIZE AND SHAPE ON OCCUPANCY BY SHRUBLAND BIRDS

Abstract. Populations of many shrubland bird species are declining in the eastern United States. Efforts to restore shrubland and early-successional forest may help to ameliorate these declines. However, uncertainty remains about how the size and shape of habitat patches and the surrounding habitat matrix affect patch occupancy by shrubland passerines. Our objectives were to determine if shrubland birds avoid small or irregularly shaped habitat patches and to identify minimum area requirements for area-sensitive species. Additionally, we sought to determine if the proportion of mature forest cover in the landscape influences patch occupancy. We surveyed 35 individual habitat patches in 2007 and 43 in 2008 for the presence of eight shrubland birds. Then, we modeled the probability of five of these species occupying an individual patch relative to patch area, patch shape, and percent forest cover within 1 km of the patch. We documented evidence of area sensitivity for the Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria viren...
Air Pollution and Children's Health

Children's exposure to air pollution is a special concern because their immune system and lungs are not fully developed when exposure begins, raising the possibility of different responses than seen in adults. In addition, children spend more time outside, where the concentrations of pollution from traffic, powerplants, and other combustion sources are generally higher. Although air pollution has long been thought to exacerbate minor acute illnesses, recent studies have suggested that air pollution, particularly traffic-related pollution, is associated with infant mortality and the development of asthma and atopy. Other studies have associated particulate air pollution with acute bronchitis in children and demonstrated that rates of bronchitis and chronic cough declined in areas where particle concentrations have fallen. More mixed results have been reported for lung function. Overall, evidence for effects of air pollution on children have been growing, and effects are seen at concentrations that are common today. Although many of these associations seem likely to be causal, others require and warrant additional investigation.
The history of psychogeriatrics in the United States.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, elderly individuals with severe mental illness living in the United States were cared for in state-run facilities that went by various names (asylums, psychopathic hospitals, state hospitals, state mental hospitals, and medical centers). Since the beginning of the 20th century, approximately 20% of patients in state hospital facilities had brain diseases such as dementia, usually complicated by behavioral disorder.
Modulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Expression by the Epidermal Growth Factor/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/PTEN/AKT/FRAP Pathway in Human Prostate Cancer Cells: Implications for Tumor Angiogenesis and Therapeutics

Dysregulated signal transduction from receptor tyrosine kinases to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT (protein kinase B), and its effector FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) occurs via autocrine stimulation or inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that in human prostate cancer cells, basal-, growth factor-, and mitogen-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) alpha, the regulated subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1, is blocked by LY294002 and rapamycin, inhibitors of PI3K and FRAP, respectively. HIF-1-dependent gene transcription is blocked by dominant-negative AKT or PI3K and by wild-type PTEN, whereas transcription is stimulated by constitutively active AKT or dominant-negative PTEN. LY294002 and rapamycin also inhibit growth factor- and mitogen-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, the product of a known HIF-1 target gene, thus linking the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/FRAP pathway, HIF-1, and tumor angiogenesis. These data indicate that pharmacological agents that target PI3K, AKT, or FRAP in tumor cells inhibit HIF-1alpha expression and that such inhibition may contribute to therapeutic efficacy.
Still Thrills: The Drama of Chess

Although chess is a game that is played, it is also an event that is performed. An analysis of the Fischer-Spassky World Championship, the match between Garry Kasparov and IBM's Deep Blue, and the European tour of the 19th-century American champion Paul Morphy reveals the qualities that make competitive chess a theatrical event that relies both on bodies and on imaginations.
Teaching Students About Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination: An Interview With Susan Fiske

Susan T. Fiske is professor of psychology, Princeton University (PhD, Harvard University; honorary doctorate, Universite Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium). She wrote Social Cognition (with Taylor) on how people make sense of each other. Currently, she investigates emotional prejudices (pity, contempt, envy, and pride) at cultural, interpersonal, and neural levels. She won the American Psychological Association's Early Career Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest for antidiscrimination testimony and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues' Allport Intergroup Relations Award for ambivalent sexism theory (with Glick). She edits the Annual Review of Psychology (with Schacter and Kazdin) and the Handbook of Social Psychology (with Gilbert and Lindzey). She just finished Social Beings: A Core Motives Approach to Social Psychology and a year as President of the American Psychological Society. Amy Hackney received her BA in psychology from Indiana Unive...
HapColor: A graph coloring framework for polyploidy phasing

Polyploidy, the presence of more than two copies of each chromosome in the cells of an organism, is common in plants and animals, and finds important applications in the field of genetics. To understand structure of each chromosome using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), haplotype assembly is needed.We propose HapColor, a fragment partitioning approach, based on a new conflict graph model. We introduce a graph coloring algorithm followed by a color merging method to accurately group DNA short reads into any number of partitions depending on the ploidy level of the organism from which the sequencing data are derived. We compare HapColor with HapTree (a recently introduced polyploidy haplotyping), PGreedy (a polyploidy haplotyping that we develop based on Levy's well-known greedy algorithm) and RFP (a baseline random fragment partitioning method). Our analysis on Triploid, Tetraploid, Hexaploid, and Decaploid datasets demonstrate that HapColor substantially improves haplotype assembly accuracy of the other algorithms. The amount of improvement ranges from 25% to 90% depending on the ploidy level.
Amphiphilic networks XII: synthesis and characterization of quaternized amphiphilic networks derived from polyisobutylene-l-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)

Polyisobutylene-l-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic networks were quaternized by reaction with methyl iodide. Quaternization of the tertiary amine groups in the poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMEAMA) segments was close to quantitative as determined by gravimetry and nitrogen and iodine analysis. The glass transition temperature of the DMEAMA phase strongly increased upon quaternization. The swelling behavior of the quaternized networks did not much vary with changing pH, while the non-quaternized parent amphiphilic networks exhibited a strong pH dependence. Swelling in n-heptane was greatly diminished in quaternized networks relative to the non-quaternized parent materials, even at high polyisobutylene contents.
On Moran's I coefficient under heterogeneity

Moran's I is the most popular spatial test statistic, but its inability to incorporate heterogeneous populations has been long recognized. This article provides a limiting distribution of the Moran's I coefficient which can be applied to heterogeneous populations. The method provides a unified framework of testing for spatial autocorrelation for both homogeneous and heterogeneous populations, thereby resolving a long standing issue for Moran's I . For Poisson count data, a variance adjustment method is provided that solely depends on populations at risk. Simulation results are shown to be consistent with theoretical results. The application of Nebraska breast cancer data shows that the variance adjustment method is simple and effective in reducing type I error rates, which in turn will likely reduce potential misallocation of limited resources.
The Phases of LTP: The New Complexities

The work begun by John Sarvey on the biochemical processes involved in synaptic plasticity has progressed rapidly. The LTP field is now blessed with a great deal of data showing how the different phases of LTP and the synaptic weakening processes are affected by pharmacological and genetic perturbations. There is the feeling in the memory field that the cast of characters involved in LTP has been largely identified. These include second messenger cascades, kinases, phosphatases, channels, structural proteins, a vesicle delivery system, regulators of gene transcription and translation, and mediators of synaptic growth. The challenge ahead is to understand how this cast works together to make the play memorable.
Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy for critical limb ischemia is effective and durable

Objective We have previously shown that autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (ABMNC) therapy improves measures of limb perfusion, rest pain, wound healing, and amputation-free survival (AFS) at 1 year in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Long-term durability of ABMNC therapy for CLI remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes 5 years after treatment. Methods Data were retrospectively gathered from a database and via a patient survey and review of medical records of patients previously enrolled in this phase I/II trial. AFS, freedom from major amputation, and freedom from major adverse limb events (MALE) were calculated using the product-limit estimate. The incidence of cardiac, malignant, and other medical events relevant to the safety of cell therapy were tabulated during the time from treatment to follow-up. Results Twenty-one of the 24 patients (88%) who completed the initial 1-year phase I/II trial were available for the 5-year analysis; AFS was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.87), freedom from major amputation was 78% (95% CI, 0.58-0.90), and freedom from MALE was 65% (95% CI, 0.45-0.80). Three patients (14%) had major cardiac events. There were no incidences of malignancies or diagnoses of clinically significant proliferative retinopathy. Fifteen patients (71%) report continued improvement in pain-free walking. Nineteen (90%) patients believed that the study was of significant medical value and would participate again. Conclusions ABMNC therapy provides long-term freedom from AFS, major amputation, and MALE that are comparable with other reports of patients who underwent surgical and endovascular interventions for CLI. Furthermore, no patients developed tumorigenesis or clinically significant retinopathy. Because of the limited number of patients studied, our findings will need to be followed up in a larger phase III trial.
Community Structure of Phytophagous Arthropods on Apple

The phytophagous arthropod community on apple was studied in Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York in 1983 and 1984. Managed, “organic” (reduced management), and abandoned orchards were sampled and the arthropod communities therein were compared to examine the effects of orchard management on the community. Williams's index, species richness, and evenness all showed significantly greatest diversity in abandoned orchards, intermediate diversity in “organic” orchards, and least diversity in managed orchards. Diversity in the “organic” orchard decreased during the 2 yr of study, showing the cumulative effect of orchard management on the system. Similarity among orchards, within management class, ranged from 28 to 60%. Percentage of similarity and diversity indices indicated that cultivar and orchard age differences were not significant factors in comparisons among orchards. Communities were dominated by r-selected species in managed orchards and K-selected species in abandoned orchards. Community structure is hypothesized to be regulated by human-induced, environmental factors in managed orchards and by natural enemies in abandoned orchards.
Pore Modification of H–SAPO-34 Using Dialkyl Zinc: Structural Characterization and Reaction Pathway

The pore structure of a microporous material H–SAPO-34 is modified using organometallic reagents such as dialkyl zinc (ZnR2, R = Me, Et) via both solution and vapor deposition techniques. After quenching with methanol and air calcination, the modified material is obtained (designated as H–SAPO-34/ZnMe2). H–SAPO-34/ZnMe2 is different compared with framework incorporated ZnAPSO-34 and zinc cation exchanged Zn/SAPO-34. Diffuse Reflectance UV/vis (DRUV) reveals a blue shift in the charge transfer band (202 nm → 195 nm) for H–SAPO-34/ZnMe2, indicating perturbations to the SAPO-34 framework as a result of ZnMe2 modification. Two new resonances (3717 and 924 cm–1) associated with dimethylzinc treatment are observed in FTIR and are attributed to a new Zn–OH moiety. A combination of solid-state 1H and 13C NMR analyses confirms that zinc is in the form of Zn–OH attaching to the framework oxygen in H–SAPO-34/ZnMe2. The reaction of ZnMe2 with H–SAPO-34 has been monitored by NMR following an in situ Chemical Vapor Dep...
Elements of the Fair Value of its Measurement Properties

the four assumption of the fair value are the main body assumptions,time point hypothesis,trading environment and price assumptions assume.There are some differences between the fair value and other measures attributes from the study of the four aspects.Although the amount of fair value take the same calculation method as other measures,it differs from and does not include other properties,and it is a single rather than mixed measurement attributes.The fair value is the ideal measurement model,but for now,the fair value and historical cost will be the most important two parallel measurement properties.
Private Warfare in the Age of Sail

Modern naval warfare is the exclusive province of government. Until relatively recently, however, governments tolerated — even encouraged — private sector participation in maritime hostilities. Naval and merchant vessels were not strongly differentiated from one another, and neither type of vessel was well suited to all-weather, year-round duty at sea. When combined with rudimentary (and relatively costly) systems of taxation, this gave monarchs an incentive to focus their naval ventures during good weather months and to rely on merchant ships as important supplements to the Crown’s navy. Thus, until the eighteenth century, privately owned and operated merchant vessels were used as men-of-war, and they served in the war on enemy trade into the nineteenth century. We seek to explain the observed variation in the key contractual provisions of privateer contracts by examining over 60 contracts from the period 1744 to 1807, gathered from the files of the Public Record Office in London. We suggest reasons for many of the general patterns seen in the contracts; notably, we believe we have a remarkably simple yet powerful explanation for the enormous variation observed in the distribution of the prizes between the owners and crew. We also provide a clearer picture of the variation in the distribution of prize shares among crew members, using measures of inequality to compare different privateers’ allotments. Most importantly, we have developed a method of using contractual provisions to infer the expectations of privateers regarding the prizes they were likely to capture. We are then able to use these estimates to infer expected total earnings of seafarers at all levels of the chain of command. One implication of these estimates is that crew serving on privateers could expect to earn substantially more than men serving on merchant ships. For able seamen the privateering premium was at least fifty percent; for higher ranks it likely was even greater.
Control of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in normal rabbit colonic mucosa.

Although cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) is known to suppress DNA synthesis is cultured cells and experimental tumors, its role in normal intact tissue has been little explored. This study helps to define the influence of modifiers of cyclic AMP levels on DNA synthesis in rabbit colonic mucosa maintained in short term organ culture system. Base line studies showed that incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was linear for 24 hr and predominantly in mucosal cells, as shown by autoradiography. Colon from a normal fed rabbit showed a gradient of DNA synthesis, lowest in the cecum and increasing to a maximum, 3-fold greater, at the splenic flexure. This pattern was obliterated by fasting, at which time no formed stool remained in the colon, and all colon mucosa incorporated thymidine at the lower level of the right colon. Known modifiers of intracellular cAMP were found to depress colonic DNA synthesis. Theophylline inhibited DNA synthesis by 35% at 0.5 m m concentration and increased intracellular cAMP levels. This inhibition took 10 hr to be manifest and was at least partly reversible. It was by far the most active of the methylxanthines, consistent with its potency as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. N6,O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations as low as 0.025 m m , whereas adenosine and sodium butyrate were ineffective up to 1.0 m m . 5'-AMP did inhibit DNA synthesis, but only at 0.1 m m or higher and did not elevate intracellular cAMP levels. Other modifiers of cAMP which were effective included prostaglandins E1; E2, and F2α (2 × 10–6 m ) and papaverine (1 μ m ). Thymidine uptake was not affected by any of these drugs. The intrinsic thymidine pool was estimated at 20 μ m by isotope dilution, and was not altered by theophylline. DNA synthesis in rabbit colon can be suppressed by increased cAMP levels within the time period allowed by organ culture. Thus, these drugs that elevated cAMP levels did not seem to suppress DNA synthesis by decreasing intracellular thymidine concentrations.
Urological Complications Associated with a Kidney Transplant Biopsy: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

AbstractDuring the last 12 years 400 renal allograft biopsies have been performed at this institution to facilitate the differential diagnosis of post-transplant renal dysfunction. Of these cases significant urological complications occurred in 3. In 1 patient a caliceal cutaneous fistula developed after an open surgical biopsy, which required nephrostomy drainage for 6 months. The other 2 patients had needle biopsies and, subsequently, anuria occurred from ureteral blood clots. The problem resolved spontaneously after 23 hours in 1 patient and after 30 hours in the other. The complications in these 3 patients are believed to have resulted from a deeper biopsy and consequent damage to the medullary vasculature and the pelviocaliceal collecting system. Because of these and other potential problems, renal transplant biopsies should be performed by experienced staff, after careful consideration of the risk/benefit ratio at each individual setting.
Impact of a summer extern program on nursing student’s awareness of interprofessional collaboration and healthy, healing environments: A level II quasi-experimental design

Background : Student nurse externships bridge the gap between education and practice. These programs expose student’s to the interprofessional healthcare team, the work environment and its impact on themselves as well as their patients. Methods : Research Objective/Questions: 1) What is the nurse externs’ knowledge of a healthy healing environment (HHE) at the beginning of an 8 week summer externship program? 2) How does participation in the interprofessional externship inform the externs’ knowledge and awareness of a HHE and 3) How does this knowledge affect the extern themselves and their patient outcomes? Design: A Level II Quasi-Experimental design was completed in 2013-2015 involving 3 cohorts each with 20 externs. Participants and Setting: A convenience sample of student nurses from baccalaureate and associate degree nursing programs who participated in a nursing externship. Methods: After informed consent, a survey of open-ended questions was administered at the beginning (week 1) and end (week 8) of the externship. Survey findings were compared using thematic content analysis. Results : At the outset, externs demonstrated basic knowledge as to what a HHE means. By the end, externs were able to describe in depth a HHE for themselves and their patients. They also described their role on an interprofessional health care team when establishing and maintaining a HHE. Findings were 1) increased cognizance of a HHE (88%); 2) enhanced mindfulness of working in a truly collaborative manner with the interprofessional healthcare team to improve decision-making (85%); 3) broadened recognition how skilled communication among all interprofessional team members leads to a HHE (85%); and 4) raised awareness of a HHE positively affecting their own health and improved outcomes in their patients (90%). Conclusions : The externs’ perceptions of a HHE broadened over the course of the externship as did their understanding of their obligations in forming and maintaining a HHE. Externs also described the impact on patient outcomes.
Georgia Tech's online continuing education DSP program

Georgia Tech has been offering online continuing education courses in DSP for almost three years. During this period, there has been an evolution both in how these courses are developed and taught and in the variety of courses that are offered. Here, we will describe these changes and look ahead to where this program is going in the near future.
Jail Booking as an Occasion for HIV Care Reengagement: A Surveillance-Based Study.

Objectives. To examine population and HIV care outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at their first incarceration of 2014 in 2 county jails in King County, Washington.Methods. Using HIV surveillance data linked with jail booking data, we examined demographic information, viral loads, CD4 counts, and incarceration details for the period prior to jail booking, during incarceration, and year following jail release.Results. In 2014, 202 PLWHA were incarcerated, 51% of whom were virally nonsuppressed at booking. This population represented approximately 3% of all HIV-diagnosed persons and 7% of virally nonsuppressed persons in King County. Within a year of release, 62% were virally suppressed, compared with 79% of the general HIV-diagnosed population in King County.Conclusions. Incarcerated PLWHA are disproportionately virally nonsuppressed compared with nonincarcerated PLWHA up to a year after release from jail.Public Health Implications. Coordination of health information exchange between the healt...
Effects of caregiving status and changes in depressive symptoms on development of physical morbidity among long-term cancer caregivers

OBJECTIVE Cancer caregiving burden is known to vary across the survivorship trajectory and has been linked with caregivers' subsequent health impairment. Little is known, however, regarding how risk factors during long-term survivorship relate to vulnerability to caregivers' health during that period. This study examined effects of caregiving status and depressive symptoms on development of physical morbidity by 5 years postdiagnosis. METHOD Family caregivers (N = 491; Mage = 55.78) completed surveys at 2 (Time 1 [T1]) and 5 years (T2) after their care recipients' cancer diagnosis. Demographic and caregiving context variables known to affect caregivers' health were assessed at T1. Self-reported depressive symptoms and a list of physical morbid conditions were assessed at T1 and T2. Caregiving status (former, current, or bereaved) was assessed at T2. RESULTS Hierarchical negative binomial regression revealed that current caregivers at T2 (p = .02), but not those bereaved by T2 (p = .32), developed more physical morbid conditions between T1 and T2 compared with former caregivers, controlling for other variables. Independently, caregivers reporting either newly emerging or chronically elevated depressive symptoms at T2 (ps < .03), but not those whose symptoms remitted at T2 (p = .61), showed greater development of physical morbidity than did those reporting minimal depressive symptoms at both T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the roles of long-term caregiving demands and depressive symptoms in cancer caregivers' premature physical health decline. Clinical attention through the long-term survivorship trajectory should be emphasized for caregivers of patients with recurrent or prolonged illness and to address caregivers' elevated depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
Surface parameter based image estimation from application of a scattering model to polarized light measurements

An important task for remote sensing applications is the characterization of material properties, which can be accomplished by estimating physics-based parameters from optical scattering off a target’s surface. In this paper, a novel approach is described to generate parameter-based images by applying the modified polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) model to the polarimetric imaging measurements collected with the University of Arizona’s Ground Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (Ground-MSPI). Values for complex refractive index (η), slope variance roughness (σ2) and diffuse scattering coefficient (ρd) for each pixel are jointly estimated. Images consisting of the parameter values are generated by using the estimation results and optimized by contrast-ratio enhancement algorithms. The approach offers significant potential for remote targets analysis and novel imaging technology development.
Vectorial Abstract Fractional Approximation Using Linear Operators

In this chapter we study quantitatively with rates the convergence of sequences of linear operators applied on Banach space valued functions.
A High‐Throughput Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Assay for Identifying the Biochemical Functions of Putative Glycosidases

The most commonly employed glycosidase assays rely on bulky ultraviolet or fluorescent tags at the anomeric position in potential carbohydrate substrates, thereby limiting the utility of these assays for broad substrate characterization. Here we report a qualitative mass spectrometry-based glycosidase assay amenable to high-throughput screening for the identification of the biochemical functions of putative glycosidases. The assay utilizes a library of methyl glycosides and is demonstrated on a high-throughput robotic liquid handling system for enzyme substrate screening. Identification of glycosidase biochemical function is achieved through the observation of an appropriate decrease in mass between a potential sugar substrate and its corresponding product by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In addition to screening known glycosidases, the assay was demonstrated to characterize the biochemical function and enzyme substrate competency of the recombinantly expressed product of a putative glycosidase gene from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus.
Compliance reporting decisions in municipal audits: the impact of budget variance and employment sector

Governmental auditors must report on compliance with laws and regulations if such noncompliance has a material impact on the financial statements. Little is known about what factors impact a governmental auditor’s reporting decisions. This study examines reporting decisions regarding violations of the Louisiana Local Government Budget Act. Study participants included private practitioners and employees of the Legislative Auditor. Subjects were asked where they would report Budget Act violations under differing degrees of noncompliance. Budget variance and employment sector impacted compliance reporting decisions. At higher levels of budget variance, higher levels of reporting were used. Legislative auditors were found to report at higher levels than private practitioners. They apparently viewed non-compliance as black-and-white; any level of noncompliance was reported in the compliance report. Private practitioners, however, applied a materiality test.
Accuracy of Opposed-phase Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Treated and Untreated Spinal Metastases.

Rationale and Objectives To assess whether the accuracy of opposed-phase magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to differentiate spinal metastases from benign lesions is influenced by treatment. Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 25 benign lesions, 25 untreated spinal metastases, and 89 treated spinal metastases in 101 patients who underwent opposed-phase MR spine imaging at our institution. The largest possible region of interest was placed over the lesion in question on out-of-phase and in-phase MR sequences, and the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the lesions was calculated. The SIRs were compared between benign, untreated, and treated lesions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal threshold to differentiate benign lesions from untreated spinal metastases, and the accuracy of this threshold was assessed for treated spinal metastases, chemotherapy-treated spinal metastases, and radiated spinal metastases. Results Benign lesions had lower mean SIR than untreated (P = 2.4 × 10−8, 95% confidence interval [0.29, 0.51]) and treated spinal metastases (P = .51; 95% confidence interval [−0.13, 0.06]). A cutoff SIR of 0.856 had an accuracy of 88.00% for untreated lesions, 77.48% for previously treated lesions, and 70.45% for previously radiated lesions. The ROC curve to differentiate benign lesions from radiated spinal metastases was significantly different from the ROC curve to differentiate benign lesions from untreated spinal metastases (P = .0180). The ROC curve to differentiate benign lesions from lesions treated with chemotherapy only was significantly different from the ROC curve to differentiate between benign lesions and radiated spinal metastases (P = .041). Conclusions Opposed-phase imaging is less accurate for treated spinal metastases, in particular after radiation.