cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urinary metabolites of vitamin D3.

Abstract Relatively little is known regarding the identity of the terminal metabolites of vitamin D 3 , yet measurement of these compounds would give additional useful data on the normal and pathophysioogy of vitamin D in man. We have therefore investigated the metabolism of [26.27- 3 H]-25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 administered orally to a human subject. A relatively minor proportion of radioactivity was excreted in urine during the first 7 days of collection and faecal excretion was not determined. The state of conjugation of the urinary metabolites was determined by fractionation of Amberlite XAD-2 organic extracts by Sephadex DEAR LH-20 chromatography before and after hydrolysis. Of the [ 3 H]-radioactivity recovered, 15% was excreted as neutral compounds, 60% as glucuronides of neutral steroids. 8%, as acids released by glucuronidase hydrolysis and 5% as monosulphates. In an additional experiment, an attempt has been made to identify (by GC/MS) metabolites in urine of a patient with hypophosphalemic vitamin D resistant rickets (VDRR) following administration of an oral dose of 5 mg vitamin D 3 . The primary metabolites of vitamin D 3 (e.g. 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 ; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 ) were not detected, but five components gave mass spectra indicative of vitamin D 3 structure. All five components had 25-hydroxyl groups; one almost certainly had, in addition, a 24-hydroxyl and one a 26-hydroxyl. The possibility that they were hydroxylated sterols can be tentatively excluded by the fact that these compounds were not found in the urine of the same patient during a period when he was off vitamin D therapy.
Targeting ECM-integrin interaction with liposome-encapsulated small interfering RNAs inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer in a bone xenograft imaging model

The intricate intracellular communication between stromal and epithelial cells, which involves cell-cell-, cell-insoluble extracellular matrix- (ECM), and cell-soluble factor-mediated signaling processes, is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in hormone-refractory and bone-metastatic prostate cancer. In the present study we demonstrated that androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells adhered to and migrated on vitronectin (VN), a major noncollagenous ECM in mature bone, through the expression of alphav-containing integrin receptors alphavbeta1 and alphavbeta5 on the cell surface, as determined by antibody function blocking assay and flow cytometry analysis. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting human integrin alphav markedly reduced their respective mRNA and protein expression in cells, resulting in nearly complete reduction in VN-mediated cancer progression in vitro. In vivo quantitative bioluminescence analysis of human prostate cancer bone xenografts demonstrated for the first time that intratumoral administration of liposome-encapsulated human alphav-siRNAs significantly inhibits the growth of luciferase-tagged PC3 tumors in skeleton, which was associated with decreased integrin alphav expression and increased apoptosis in tumor cells. This integrin-based gene therapy is particularly suitable for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
Pernicious anemia with neurologic involvement in childhood

A child with pernicious anemia had onset of anemia in the first year of life. Prolonged treatment with folic acid was given and hematologic remissions were obtained. At 32 months of age severe neurologic involvement was manifested by ataxia and coma. After vitamin B 12 therapy was instituted, dramatic and immediate improvement of his neurologic status was seen. However, the child has partial deafness and mental retardation as probable sequelae to prolonged vitamin B 12 deficiency which was masked by folic acid therapy. The administration of "physiologic" doses of folic acid (25 to 100 μg per day) may be used as both a diagnostic and therapeutic measure in cases of megaloblastic anemia in children. Such doses of folic acid will not be effective in P.A. while anemia secondary to folic acid deficiency will rapidly respond.
Orienting attention across the vertical meridian: Evidence from callosotomy patients

This study investigates whether interhemispheric interactions mediated by the corpus callosum play a role in orienting attention across the vertical meridian. Patients with complete or partial section of the corpus callosum participated in a spatial precueing task under conditions that required covert shifts of attention within or between the visual fields. Patients with complete callosal section demonstrated normal costs on invalid trials when the cue and target appeared in the same visual field. However, these patients were impaired on invalid trials in which attention had to be redirected across the vertical meridian. The between--within difference emerged only for patients with complete callosal section; it was not evident for a patient with section restricted to the anterior two-thirds of the callosum. Control experiments demonstrated that the deficit (1) is specific to shifts across the vertical meridian, (2) is not due to shifting between left and right hemispace, and (3) is related to the voluntary allocation of attention in response to the cue. These results suggest that interhemispheric communication, which is normally mediated by the posterior region of the corpus callosum, contributes to the efficient movement of attention between visual fields.
Convergence proof for Goldberg's exponential series

Abstract The Goldberg presentation of the formal series for log(exey) in noncommutative symbols x and y is shown to converge when x and y are replaced by normed elements in the unit sphere about zero, provided the norm defining the unit sphere is compatible with multiplication.
Aero-Hydrodynamic Aspects of Power-augmented Ram Wings

The subject of this article is the two-dimensional interaction of air and water flows under a power-augmented ram wing. The extreme ground effect theory is applied for the air flow, whereas the water flow is treated with a linearized model based on a method of hydrodynamic singularities. Calculated aerodynamic characteristics of power-augmented ram platforms and water surface deformations at moderate and high Froude numbers are presented for a horizontal plate with a flap, a trimmed plate without a flap, and an S-shaped profile. Additionally, plates in contact with water are modeled. The transition from airborne to waterborne states is accompanied by drastic variations of the lift and center of pressure. It is found that solutions can be nonunique when the plate trailing edge is very close to the water surface.
2-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-6-methoxybenzofuran: a superior derivatizing agent for fluorimetric determination of aliphatic thiols by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract The use of 2-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-6-methoxybenzofuran as a fluorogenic pre-column derivatizing agent for sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of aliphatic thiols is described. The maleamic acid, its methyl ester and the N-maleimide derivatives of the common amine precursor were easily synthesized and characterized according to conventional methods. These derivatives lack fluorescent properties in their native form but display strong fluorescence upon reaction with aliphatic thiols. The reaction is rapid and highly selective for thiols over a wide pH range (7.1–8.8). Following derivazation, the thiol adducts were separated on a reversed-phase column (Ultrasphere-ODS) using 0.1% hexanesulfonic acid in 10 m M potassium hydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile (65:35, pH 4.5) and were detected fluorimetrically (excitation at 310 nm; emission at 390 nm). The method is highly sensitive (femtomole range) and is easily applied to the determination of SH-containing drugs and endogenous thiols in biological samples.
Effect of Enterectomy on Synthesis of Niacin in the Rat.

Summary1. The effect of removal of the intestinal tract below the pancreas on the ability of the rat to form niacin derivatives in response to tryptophan administered subcutaneously has been determined.2. The response in urinary N'methyl nicotinamide was not affected. by enterectomy.3. “Free” and “total” urinary niacin as measured by microbiological assay before and after acid hydrolysis respectively were increased in enterectomized animals although the increase was not as great as in intact animals.4. The results suggest that the tissues are the primary site of the formation of niacin derivatives in the rat in response to large doses of tryptophan.
Three‐dimensional television using optical scanning holography

Abstract We first review a real‐time three‐dimensional (3‐D) holographic recording technique called optical scanning holography (OSH) and discuss holographic reconstruction using spatial light modulators (SLMs). We then present how the overall system can be used for 3‐D holographic television (TV) display with a wide‐angle view of a 3‐D image, and address some of the issues encountered. Finally, we suggest some techniques to alleviate the issues encountered in such a 3‐D holographic TV system.
Early jurassic spiriferid brachiopodsfrom Alaska and their paleogeographic significance

Spiriferid brachiopods are described in detail for the first time from the Jurassic of North America. The specimens are referred to the genera Liospiriferina and Callospiriferina, both originally described from the Early Jurassic of Morocco and Spain by Rousselle (1977). The species identified herein, Liospiriferina rostrata and Callospiriferina tumida, are known from Europe, South America, and northern Africa, with L. rostrata also recorded from Indonesia. The new occurrences in Alaska indicate a lower-latitude placement during the Early Jurassic, at least temperate latitudes, for the Farewell (probably during the Sinemurian) and Peninsular (Sinemurian-basal Toarcian) terranes. Liospiriferina and Callospiriferina range through much of the Early Jurassic. These new occurrences are significant because they indicate further parallels between the composition of Mesozoic brachiopod faunas of Europe, where faunas were initially monographed in the nineteenth century, and those of North America and South America. The spiriferids therefore show evidence of survival in North America beyond end-Triassic extinctions, underscoring the global nature of the continuity of the Spiriferida into the Jurassic before their demise by the end of the Early Jurassic. In terms of the composition of Mesozoic brachiopod faunas spiriferids have been identified as preferring deeper-water shelf environments. It has not been determined if this was the case for these Jurassic spiriferids: the collections studied herein show Liospiriferina to be associated with sandy lithologies while Callospiriferina was collected from a black shale. Based on external morphology Liospiriferina is closely homeomorphic with the cosmopolitan Triassic athyrid brachiopod Oxycolpella. However, on closer examination and preparation of serial sections of internal structures the Alaskan specimens showed the presence of dental lamellae, a large, persistent median septum, a spiralium (spiral brachidium), and punctate shell, indicating affinities to the Spiriferida. The material had originally been tentatively identified as terebratulids.
Calvin's Christ: A Dogmatic Matrix for Discussion of Christ's Human Nature

Abstract: Discussion regarding the type of human nature assumed by the second person of the Trinity has intensified recently. Judgements regarding dogmatic coherence have not been as forthcoming. John Calvin's Christology is presented here as a helpful context within which the fallenness position may be advanced. Calvin's doctrine of original sin allows for fallen nature to be considered distinct from guilt. Calvin's doctrine of the communicatio idiomatum also allows for the predication of fallenness to Christ's human nature without necessitating the contamination of the divine nature.
How Nitrogenase Shakes – Initial Information about P-Cluster and FeMo-cofactor Normal Modes from Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (NRVS)

Nitrogenase catalyzes a reaction critical for life, the reduction of N(2) to 2NH(3), yet we still know relatively little about its catalytic mechanism. We have used the synchrotron technique of (57)Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) to study the dynamics of the Fe-S clusters in this enzyme. The catalytic site FeMo-cofactor exhibits a strong signal near 190 cm(-)(1), where conventional Fe-S clusters have weak NRVS. This intensity is ascribed to cluster breathing modes whose frequency is raised by an interstitial atom. A variety of Fe-S stretching modes are also observed between 250 and 400 cm(-)(1). This work is the first spectroscopic information about the vibrational modes of the intact nitrogenase FeMo-cofactor and P-cluster.
Effects of microwaves and hyperthermia on capping of antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of normal mouse B lymphocytes

Normal mouse B lymphocytes were tested for the ability to cap plasma membrane antigen-antibody complexes following exposure to 2.45-GHz continuous wave (CW) microwaves at power densities up to 100 mW/cm2 (45 W/kg specific absorption rate), at 37, 41, and 42.5 degrees C. After a 30-minute treatment, the irradiated cells and the nonirradiated controls were tested for capping by the direct immunofluorescence technique. First, the cells were incubated for nine minutes at 37 degrees C with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse immunoglobulin. After fixing and washing, the percentage of capped cells was determined under a fluorescence microscope. The results show that for the nonirradiated controls, capping is reduced from 90% at 37 degrees C, to 52% at 41 degrees C, to less than 5% for cells that were pretreated at 42.5 degrees C. There was no significant difference between the microwave-treated cells and the controls when both were maintained at the same temperature. In another experiment, there was no significant difference in the percentage of capping between controls and cells that were exposed to microwave radiation during capping, when the temperature in both preparations was kept at 38.5 degrees C. The results demonstrate that B-lymphocyte capping is sensitive to temperature in themore » range that is proposed for use in tumor therapy.« less
Microbial Biotransformation of Veratramine

Preparative-scale fermentation of the known C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloid veratramine (1) with Nocardia species ATCC 21145 has resulted in the isolation of three new metabolites, 2-4. The structure elucidation of these compounds was conducted primarily by 2D NMR analysis. The microbe Nocardia species ATCC 21145 was able to metabolize rings A and B of veratramine but failed to metabolize its nitrogen-containing side chain, an observation consistent with previous fermentation studies on steroidal alkaloids.
Responding to the challenges of global markets: Change, complexity, competition and conscience

Abstract In developing global marketing strategy to compete in world markets, managers must address the challenges of constant change, increased complexity and intense competition, while, at the same time, responding to calls of conscience. However, the appropriate response to these challenges depends on the stage of involvement in international markets, i.e., whether the firm is just entering international markets, is aggressively expanding its international presence or attempting to rationalize far-flung operations. The paper suggests how a firm should respond to these challenges, and shows how using different tools such as information systems technology, creating new organizational forms providing administrative and organizational flexibility, and effective resource deployment at various stages of the value chain can help a firm to cope with them.
A Comparative Study of Gate Structures for 9.4-kV 4H-SiC Normally On Vertical JFETs

This paper reports the development of 9.4-kV 4H-SiC normally on lateral-channel vertical JFETs. The developed JFETs utilize a buried layer to create a lateral conduction channel, shielding the source from the effects of drain bias. The lowest measured $R_{\rm on, sp}$ was 127 $\hbox{m}\Omega\cdot\hbox{cm}^{2}$ . Measurements indicate that the channel resistivity can be further reduced by channel optimization. The fabricated JFETs exhibit pentode-like $I_{D}$ – $V_{\rm DS}$ characteristics with a high forward direct-current blocking gain of over 500. This paper provides a comparative study of gate structures in order to achieve the lowest on -state switching losses and to provide stable forward blocking characteristics for a normally on JFET.
Isolation and genetic characterization of the porcine apolipoprotein E gene

The present report describes the isolation and genetic characterization of the porcine apolipoprotein E (apo-E) gene. A single positive recombinant phage clone containing a 10.7-kb insert was isolated from a porcine genomic library, and a 4.2-kb fragment was subcloned and sequenced. The 4.2-kb fragment contained the entire apo-E gene in addition to upstream and downstream sequences (GenBank accession no. 470240). The porcine apo-E gene is made up of four exons and three introns, and encodes a preapo-E protein comprised of a signal peptide of 18 amino acids and a mature protein of 299 amino acids. The porcine apo-E gene contains a (CG)13 microsatellite marker within intron three. This microsatellite is moderately polymorphic, and at least four alleles were evident at this locus among 10 animals from each of the Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace and Duroc breeds. Finally, localization of the porcine apo-E gene to chromosome 6 band q2.1 was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization and confirmed by genetic linkage analysis.
A theoretical analysis of solution-precipitation controlled densification during liquid phase sintering

Abstract Models for solution-precipitation controlled, intermediate stage liquid phase sintering (LPS) have been derived by assuming a tetrakaidecahedron grain geometry with cylindrical pore channels along the grain edges and incorporating the liquid content and dihedral angle by adapting Wray's two phase grain model. The stress distribution of a thin liquid film between the grains is modelled as a hydrostatic squeeze film. The model predicts that a thin viscous liquid film is stable and suppors the normal stress arising from the Laplacian force at the liquid-vapor interface. The derived equations for both diffusion and interface reaction controlled liquid phase sintering show significant differences with respects to Kingery's LPS models, but are in good agreement with those based on liquid phase controlled creep models. Comparative analyses of the derived models indicate that the rate controlling mechanism during solution-precipitation shifts from diffusion to interface reaction control or vice versa as a function of particle size and/ or grain growth.
Dynamics of interaction of a spin with a radiation field: a consistent full-quantum mechanical treatment

Abstract The interaction of a spin with an electromagnetic field is treated utilizing the second-quantization method. The angular momentum operators are obtained from the particle creation and annihilation operators and the Jaynes-Cummings model is recovered from the present model Hamiltonian. A set of fictitious spin- 1 2 operators are constructed from the spin-field product operators and their correspondence to the semiclassical operators is elucidated. In order to treat the spin response under irradiation of arbitrary complexity, a quantized version of coherent averaging theory (CAT) is developed. The quantized CAT is applied to both single- and double-quantum transitions.
System-level I/O power modeling

A methodology is proposed for the electrical characterization of electronic packages in a system-level environment. Modeling and simulation results show the capability of the method by demonstrating both power delivery and I/O signal integrity analysis in a unified environment. In addition to flexibility, the proposed method is capable of achieving accurate results in a fraction of the time as was previously required.
The effect of high molecular weight kininogen on neutrophil adhesion to polymer surfaces.

Abstract The adhesion of neutrophils on a biomaterial surface depends on the surface chemistry of the material and the cell, as well as the composition and conformation of adsorbed protein and the adherence of other cells when the biomaterial is exposed to circulating blood. In this study, HK and HKa were allowed to adsorb on three different polyurethanes: underivatized (PU–base), quaternized (PU–NR 4 ), sulfonated (PU–SO 3 ). The effect of kininogen adsorption on the degree of neutrophil adhesion was examined. The surface density of the adsorbed protein was also investigated. The PU–NR 4 surface adsorbed the most HK and HKa and had the high degree of neutrophil adhesion. Although the surface density of adsorbed HK and HKa on the PU–SO 3 surface, the degree of neutrophil on adhesion was significantly lower when compared to the PU–NR 4 and PU–base surfaces. HK and HKa contain binding sites for both anionic surfaces and neutrophils in the same domain (D 5H ). When adsorbed to the anionic PU–SO 3 surfaces, HK and HKa did not have the neutrophil binding sites available and therefore, exhibited an anti-adhesive effect. In contrast, the neutrophil binding domains D 3 and D 5H of adsorbed kininogens were available on the PU–NR 4 and PU–base surfaces. Thus, adsorbed kininogens on these two surfaces lost their anti-adhesive property and this led to a high degree of neutrophil adhesion.
Feasibility of range estimation using sonar LPI

Using a detailed waveform-based simulation framework, a study on the feasibility of LPI sonar is performed for covert range estimation. A frequency selective channel filter is applied for realistic ocean simulation. The platform uses matched filtering and the target uses energy detection for processing the received signal. The objective of the platform is to estimate the range to the target while ensuring that the target still fails to detect the platform's pinging LPI waveform. A platform-target encounter scenario was designed for Monte Carlo simulation. Evaluation of system parameters was performed to assess for the feasible conditions for covert range estimation.
Bank shareholder wealth effects of California's proposition 103

Proposition 103, approved by California voters on November 8, 1988, allows California state-chartered banks to become vendors of life, health, and property-liability insurance products. It is hypothesized that such a regulatory realignment should have resulted in a wealth increase for California state-chartered banks. An examination of the market response among these banks indicates a statistically significant positive stock price response on the dates of passage of Proposition 103 and a subsequent Supreme Court ruling upholding its constitutionality.
Thermodynamics of Human DNA Ligase I Trimerization and Association with DNA Polymerase β

The interaction between human DNA polymerase β (pol β) and DNA ligase I, which appear to be responsible for the gap filling and nick ligation steps in short patch or simple base excision repair, has been examined by affinity chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. Domain mapping studies revealed that complex formation is mediated through the non-catalytic N-terminal domain of DNA ligase I and the N-terminal 8-kDa domain of pol β that interacts with the DNA template and excises 5′-deoxyribose phosphate residue. Intact pol β, a 39-kDa bi-domain enzyme, undergoes indefinite self-association, forming oligomers of many sizes. The binding sites for self-association reside within the C-terminal 31-kDa domain. DNA ligase I undergoes self-association to form a homotrimer. At temperatures over 18 °C, three pol β monomers attached to the DNA ligase I trimer, forming a stable heterohexamer. In contrast, at lower temperatures (
Local measurement of charge density in carbon nanotubes by Raman spectroscopy

The energies of the Raman G-band transitions in both metallic and semiconducting CNTs are renormalized by the electron-phonon interaction, leading to energy shifts in Raman spectra of gated CNT devices. In addition in metallic CNTs, the linewidth decreases sharply upon electrostatic doping because the r-point phonon can no longer decay into electronhole pairs when the Fermi level is removed by more than 1/2 the phonon energy from the K-point. Raman spectroscopy can therefore be used to locally measure charge density and capacitance of individual CNTs in a nanotube field-effect transistor. Experiments under bias reveal breaks in nanotubes and depleted nanotube segments close to the contacts.
Core excited T = 2 levels in A = 12 from studies of Be 12

Levels of $^{12}\mathrm{Be}$ have been studied using the $^{10}\mathrm{Be}(t,p)^{12}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction. The spin of an excited state at ${E}_{x}=2.110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$ MeV is determined model independently as $J=2$ using a measurement of the proton-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlation in an axially symmetric geometry. A mechanically chopped beam was used to study $\ensuremath{\beta}$ activity following the irradiation of $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ by 12 MeV tritons. A least squares analysis of the resulting decay curve yields ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}(^{12}\mathrm{Be})=24.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0$ msec. A $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ neutron detector was used to search for delayed neutrons; a 1\ensuremath{\sigma} upper limit on a delayed neutron branch of 1% is obtained. The above results support the suggestion that low-lying states in $^{12}\mathrm{Be}$ involve the excitation of particles into the $1s\ensuremath{-}0d$ shell.
Naltrexone modulates tumor response in mice with neuroblastoma

Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, depending on the dosage, on the growth of S20Y neuroblastoma in A/Jax mice. Daily injections of 0.1 milligram of naltrexone per kilogram of body weight, which blocked morphine-induced analgesia for 4 to 6 hours per day, resulted in a 33 percent tumor incidence, a 98 percent delay in the time before tumor appearance, and a 36 percent increase in survival time. Neuroblastoma-inoculated mice receiving 10 milligrams of naltrexone per kilogram, which blocked morphine-induced analgesia for 24 hours per day, had a 100 percent tumor incidence, a 27 percent reduction in the time before tumor appearance, and a 19 percent decrease in survival time. Inoculation of neuroblastoma cells in control subjects resulted in 100 percent tumor incidence within 29 days. These results show that naltrexone can modulate tumor response and suggest a role for the endorphin-opiate receptor system in neuro-oncogenic events.
Machiavellianism: Sex differences in the profession of purchasing management.

122 purchasing managers were higher in Machiavellian orientation than most groups previously examined. 24 female purchasing managers were higher in Mach orientation than the 98 male managers.
Mass outflow in the nearby proto-planetary system, Beta Pictoris

Previous spectral studies of circumstallar dust around the nearby, candidate proto-planetary system, Beta Pictoris, has detected only infalling gas. The lack of detectable mass outflow has been critical in the interpretation of the origin of the circumstellar gas and in our understanding of the evolutionary status of the Beta Pictoris system. IUE high-dispersion spectra are presented which show, in addition to infall, the presence of mass outflow, with a maximum observed outflow velocity of -60 km/s, and a corresponding instantaneous outflow rate of 1.1 x 10 to the -14th solar mass/yr, or 1.1 x 10 to the -11th Jupiter mass/yr. This mass outflow rate and terminal velocity are comparable to the magnitudes of mass infall rates and terminal velocities observed from late 1986 through early 1988. The implications of these observations on our understanding of the mechanisms producing infall from the surrounding circumstellar disk are discussed, as are the implications for our understanding of the evolutionary status of the Beta Pic system.
Doppler and echocardiographic characteristics of patients having an Austin Flint murmur.

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to investigate the genesis of the Austin Flint murmur using Doppler and echocardiographic imaging.METHODS AND RESULTSA total of 51 patients having significant aortic insufficiency and an anatomically normal mitral valve were evaluated. They were divided into two groups; 30 patients had an audible Austin Flint murmur (AFM+) and 21 did not (AFM-). All patients had a complete M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic examination to characterize left ventricular size and function, motion of the mitral valve, transmitral flow velocities, direction of the aortic insufficiency jet, and severity of aortic insufficiency. There was no significant difference in severity of aortic insufficiency between groups. There was, however, a significant difference in direction of the insufficiency jet. In the AFM+ group compared with the AFM- group, for the parasternal long-axis view 24 (80%) versus eight (38%) had their insufficiency jet directed at the mitral valve, for th...
The Descendibility of the Right of Publicity: An Analysis

(1983). The Descendibility of the Right of Publicity: An Analysis. Journal of Arts Management and Law: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 49-75.
Differential working memory load effects after mild traumatic brain injury.

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of increasing working memory (WM) processing load on previously observed abnormalities in activation of WM circuitry shortly after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Brain activation patterns in response to increasing WM processing load (auditory n-back: 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back conditions) were assessed with fMRI in 18 MTBI patients within 1 month of their injury and in 12 healthy controls. Performance accuracy on these tasks was also measured. Brain activation patterns differed between MTBI patients and controls in response to increasing WM processing loads. Controls maintained their ability to increase activation in regions of WM circuitry with each increase in WM processing load. MTBI patients showed disproportionately increased activation during the moderate processing load condition, but very little increase in activation associated with the highest processing load condition. Task performance did not differ significantly between groups on any task condition. MTBI patients showed a different pattern of allocation of processing resources associated with a high processing load condition compared to healthy controls, despite similar task performance. This suggests that injury-related changes in ability to activate or modulate WM processing resources might underlie some of the memory complaints after MTBI.
Relating age and hearing loss to monaural, bilateral, and binaural temporal sensitivity

Older listeners are more likely than younger listeners to have difficulties in making temporal discriminations among auditory stimuli presented to one or both ears. In addition, the performance of older listeners is often observed to be more variable than that of younger listeners. The aim of this work was to relate age and hearing loss to temporal processing ability in a group of younger and older listeners with a range of hearing thresholds. Seventy-eight listeners were tested on a set of three temporal discrimination tasks (monaural gap discrimination, bilateral gap discrimination, and binaural discrimination of interaural differences in time). To examine the role of temporal fine structure in these tasks, four types of brief stimuli were used: tone bursts, broad-frequency chirps with rising or falling frequency contours, and random-phase noise bursts. Between-subject group analyses conducted separately for each task revealed substantial increases in temporal thresholds for the older listeners across all three tasks, regardless of stimulus type, as well as significant correlations among the performance of individual listeners across most combinations of tasks and stimuli. Differences in performance were associated with the stimuli in the monaural and binaural tasks, but not the bilateral task. Temporal fine structure differences among the stimuli had the greatest impact on monaural thresholds. Threshold estimate values across all tasks and stimuli did not show any greater variability for the older listeners as compared to the younger listeners. A linear mixed model applied to the data suggested that age and hearing loss are independent factors responsible for temporal processing ability, thus supporting the increasingly accepted hypothesis that temporal processing can be impaired for older compared to younger listeners with similar hearing and/or amounts of hearing loss.
A system for registering both true and false feedback of the galvanic skin response

A system has been presented which allows the presentation of either true galvanic skin responses (GSRs) or false GSRs to a recorder viewed by a subject (S). Transistor circuitry is used to produce a double RC circuit using a common capacitor with two variable resistors which control the time constants of the rise and decay of a pulse such that it reflects changes in time of a true GSR. An attenuator controls the proportion of true resistance change of the S which is passed through or added to the response of the false feedback generator. This provides a means of projecting to the S either completely false GSR responding, completely true GSR activity, or a mixture of both. A record of the true responses of the S is obtained by a second recorder viewed only by the experimenter.
PegaSys: A system for graphical explanation of program designs

This paper is an initial report on a system, called PegaSys, that supports a new visual paradigm for describing and manipulating programs and their designs. A program design is described by a hierarchically structured collection of graphical pictures. These pictures are intended to be easy to understand, yet still serve as formal program documentation. Pictures in PegaSys capture a variety of concepts, including (but not limited to) what we believe to be the important design concepts represented in flowcharts, structure charts, dataflow diagrams, and module interconnection languages. PegaSys treats pictures as computationally meaningful structures, checking whether they make sense syntactically, whether hierarchical picture refinements adhere to certain methodological principles, and whether a picture is logically consistent with a program. This paper describes the key ideas that enable PegaSys to provide these capabilities, as well as important properties of the PegaSys design and underlying logical framework. PegaSys has been implemented on Xerox personal computers and takes advantage of a high-resolution bitmap display.
Is Postmortem Examination Useful in Pediatric Oncology

Clinicians are often reluctant to request an autopsy for patients who have been extensively investigated during life, because they may believe that little additional information will be obtained. To examine whether this is the case, the autopsy records of pediatric oncology patients at the Adelaide Children's Hospital were reviewed. A total of 63 oncology patients died in the hospital during the period 1982–1991, 28 of whom underwent postmortem examination. Class I findings (those that would have altered management if they had been known during life) were found in 7 cases (25%). Major pathological findings that would not have altered management (class II) were found in 14.3% of cases. The most common class I findings were fungal infections with organisms such as Aspergillus or Candida species. Postmortem examination also revealed treatment-related complications in five patients, and in one case the diagnosis was made only at autopsy. This study confirms that postmortem examination can provide valuable new...
Reexamining the Dynamics of Short-Scale, Diabatic Rossby Waves and Their Role in Midlatitude Moist Cyclogenesis

Abstract As a step toward a more comprehensive study of the physical processes that underlie explosive cyclogenesis, a two-dimensional, semigeostrophic model with a now standard parameterization of latent heat release is used to diagnose the structure, energetics, and propagation characteristics of short-scale, diabatic normal modes in a moist, baroclinic atmosphere with the Eady basic state. Upon revisiting the inviscid problem, it is found that when a thermodynamically consistent vertical profile of latent heat release is used, the short-wave cutoff vanishes, and growth rates become independent of zonal wavelength for zonal wavelengths shorter than approximately 1900 km. The destabilized short-scale modes, identified previously as diabatic Rossby waves, owe their existence to the continuous generation of potential vorticity by moist processes associated with warm air advection, rising motion, and latent heat release. To determine if these short-scale, diabatic Rossby wave modes continue to grow at small...
SUBALPINE FOREST CARBON CYCLING: SHORT‐ AND LONG‐TERM INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE AND SPECIES

Ecosystem carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change comprise one of the largest remaining sources of uncertainty in global model predictions of future climate. Both direct climate effects on carbon cycling and indirect effects via climate-induced shifts in species composition may alter ecosystem carbon balance over the long term. In the short term, climate effects on carbon cycling may be mediated by ecosystem species composition. We used an elevational climate and tree species composition gradient in Rocky Mountain subalpine forest to quantify the sensitivity of all major ecosystem carbon stocks and fluxes to these factors. The climate sensitivities of carbon fluxes were species-specific in the cases of relative aboveground productivity and litter decomposition, whereas the climate sensitivity of dead wood decay did not differ between species, and total annual soil CO2 flux showed no strong climate trend. Lodgepole pine relative productivity increased with warmer temperatures and earlier snowmelt, while E...
Effect of Surface Pretreatment on the Underpaint Corrosion of AA2024-T3 at Various Temperatures

Abstract The effects of surface pretreatment on the rate of scribe-creep caused by underpaint corrosion on coated AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024) were investigated. Scribe-creep experiments were conducted o...
A model of two-player evaluation punctions

We present a model of heuristic evaluation functions for two-player games. The basis of the proposal is that an estimate of the expected-outcome of a game situation, assuming random play from that point on, is an effective heuristic function. The model is supported by three distinct sets of experiments. The first set, run on small, exhaustively searched gametrees, shows that the quality of decisions made on the basis of exact values for the expected-outcome is quite good. The second set shows that in large games, estimates of the expected-outcome derived by randomly sampling terminal positions produce reasonable play. Finally, the third set shows that the model can be used to automatically learn efficient and effective evaluation functions in a game-independent manner.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Renal Cancer

Surgery is the primary treatment for renal cancer. However, with inadequate renal function or in patients with solitary kidneys, it may not be a safe function preserving option. When surgery is not desirable other ablative therapies such as radiofrequency ablation or SBRT have been used. Conventional external beam radiation has limited value and can be toxic to the remaining kidney or the surrounding organs. Highly conformal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be an effective and safe nonsurgical option for selected renal cancers.
Toward a Feminist Rhetoric of Technology

n the Gorgias, Plato condemns rhetoric, claiming that, unlike true philosophers, trained rhetors are mired in real-worldcon- cerns that prevent them from contemplating absolute truth. Although inThe Phaedrus Plato envisions a good kind of rhetoric, one thatcould be used toconvey the absolute truths that philosophy pro- duces, his early condemnation of rhetoric remains part of rhetoric's disciplinary identity even today and is reinforced in the twentieth century bycontinuedfaith in Aristotle'sRhetoric as thecornerstone of our discipline (Neel). Although Aristotle paints a more realistic and more positive picture of rhetoric than Plato does, he echoes Plato in emphasizing rhetoric's utility in the domain of probable truth about worldly concerns rather than in the realm of universal truth to which philosophy, or scientific demonstration, presumably has access. Thus, rhetoric has become firmly entrenched as the practical, less prestigiouscounterpart to philosophy in Western academic ideology (Neel). Mirroring rhetoric's status in relation to philosophy, technol- ogy has also long been construed as applied knowledge, or knowl- edge relevant to everyday matters, in contrast to science, which is often treated as the abstract theoretical counterpart of technology
Borderline personality disorder co-morbidity: relationship to the internalizing-externalizing structure of common mental disorders.

Background. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) shows high levels of co-morbidity with an array of psychiatric disorders. The meaning and causes of this co-morbidity are not fully understood. Our objective was to investigate and clarify the complex co-morbidity of BPD by integrating it into the structure of common mental disorders. Method. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on diagnostic interview data from a representative US population-based sample of 34 653 civilian, non-institutionalized individuals aged o18 years. We modeled the structure of lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses of BPD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, marijuana dependence, and any other drug dependence. Results. In both women and men, the internalizing–externalizing structure of common mental disorders captured the co-morbidity among all disorders including BPD. Although BPD was unidimensional in terms of its symptoms, BPD as a disorder showed associations with both the distress subfactor of the internalizing dimension and the externalizing dimension. Conclusions. The complex patterns of co-morbidity observed with BPD represent connections to other disorders at the level of latent internalizing and externalizing dimensions. BPD is meaningfully connected with liabilities shared with common mental disorders, and these liability dimensions provide a beneficial focus for understanding the co-morbidity, etiology and treatment of BPD. Received 16 April 2010 ; Revised 16 July 2010 ; Accepted 28 July 2010 ; First published online 14 September 2010
Utility of Remote Sensing–Based Two-Source Energy Balance Model under Low- and High-Vegetation Cover Conditions

Abstract Two resistance network formulations that are used in a two-source model for parameterizing soil and canopy energy exchanges are evaluated for a wide range of soybean and corn crop cover and soil moisture conditions during the Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). The parallel resistance formulation does not consider interaction between the soil and canopy fluxes, whereas the series resistance algorithms provide interaction via the computation of a within-air canopy temperature. Land surface temperatures were derived from high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) scenes and aircraft imagery. These data, along with tower-based meteorological data, provided inputs for the two-source energy balance model. Comparison of the local model output with tower-based flux observations indicated that both the parallel and series resistance formulations produced basically similar estimates with root-mean-square difference (RMSD) values ranging from approximatel...
Three Dimensional Simulations of Hypersonic MHD Flow Control

A computational study of hypersonic air flow over a three-dimensional blunt leading edge is carried out to investigate the energy deposition due to an arc discharge along the surface. The discharge is the result of an imposed potential difference between two flush-mounted electrodes. The energy deposition is the result of Joule heating, which is included in the three-dimensional fluid solver along with the magnetic force. These magnetohydrodynamic effects are determined by assuming the current continuity equation for low magnetic Reynolds number flow, and computed using a parallelized finite-volume method. In addition, several electrical conductivity models, including an eleven dimensional surrogate model of solutions to Boltzmann’s equation, are explored. It is shown that the computed electric field and subsequent current density field are directly dependent on the electrical conductivity model selected.
Redundancy optimization for clock-free nanowire crossbar architecture

In this paper a method is being proposed to find the optimal dimension of Programmable Gate Macro Block (PGMB) in clock-free nanowire crossbar architecture. A PGMB is a nanowire crossbar matrix with discrete number of rows and columns on which the NCL (Null Convention Logic) gates can be programmed. This method uses inherent redundancy to route through defective crosspoints. A 6 X 10 defect-free crossbar can be used to program any of the 27 threshold gates. Due to imperfections and variations in nanoscale manufacturing process, high defect densities are anticipated. Thus, such defects should be located when tested and the logic has to be rerouted around them to maintain proper functionality. This paper discusses this problem and tried to find an optimal solution through simulations. In the final submission, more effective logic mapping techniques will be proposed and validated.
Chronic Proteasome Inhibition Contributes to Coronary Atherosclerosis

The proteasome is responsible for the degradation of oxidized proteins, and proteasome inhibition has been shown to generate oxidative stress in vitro. Atherosclerosis is thought to be initiated as a consequence of increased endogenous oxidative stress. The current study was designed to assess whether chronic proteasome inhibition is associated with early coronary atherosclerosis. Female pigs, 3 months of age, were randomized to a normal (N) or high-cholesterol (HC) diet (2% cholesterol, 15% lard) without or with twice weekly subcutaneous injections of the proteasome inhibitor (PSI) MLN-273 (0.08 mg/kg, NPSI and HCPSI) for a period of 12 weeks (n5 per group). Coronary vasorelaxation to bradykinin (10 10.5 to 10 6.5 mol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (10 9 to 10 5 mol/L) was assessed by in vitro organ chamber experiments, intima-media ratio by morphometric analysis of Elastica-van Gieson-stained slides, and intima superoxide production by dihydroethidium fluorescence. Vasorelaxation to 10 6.5 mol/L bradykinin was reduced in HC compared with N (697 versus 902%, P0.05) and further reduced in NPSI and HCPSI (576 and 4813%, P0.05 versus N and HC for each). Compared with N (0.030.01), intima-media ratio was higher in NPSI (0.090.04, P0.01) and HCPSI (0.150.06, P0.05). Compared with N (0.60.9% of intima area), dihydroethidium fluorescence was higher in HC, NPSI, and HCPSI (8.91.6, 6.03.5, and 7.23.9% of intima area, P0.05 for all). Thus, chronic proteasome inhibition is associated with increased coronary artery oxidative stress and early atherosclerosis. These findings support the significance of the proteasome and related protein quality control for vascular biology and pathology. (Circ Res. 2007;101:865-874.)