cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy and structure of the Kapp Lyell diamictites (upper Proterozoic), Spitsbergen

Massive upper Proterozoic diamictites of the Kapp Lyell Group, south of Bellsund on the west coast of Spitsbergen, constitute a sequence of distinctive units that can be differentiated on the basis of megaclast compositions. Within the group, ten lithostratigraphic units are distinguished from modal estimates on the outcrop of the abundances of the three most common types of megaclasts—quartzite, dolomite, and limestone. The total thickness of the diamictite sequence is ∼3,000 m. The clasts found in the Kapp Lyell Group are almost entirely local in origin and can be correlated with older rocks to the east that underlie the diamictites. The diamictites were affected by two major periods of deformation. The first was either latest Precambrian (Jarlsbergian) or early Paleozoic (Caledonian) in age. This first episode of deformation (D 1 ) is expressed in the diamictites primarily as a flattening of megaclasts. The degree of deformation due to D 1 varies throughout the diamictite sequence. Part of this variation is due to differences in clast and matrix compositions and proportions, but some of it appears to be tectonic, suggesting that strain mechanisms were not uniform throughout the diamictite mass. Larger structures associated with D 1 are not observed in the field owing to the massive nature of the unit and the strong overprint of the later period of deformation (D 2 ). The second phase of deformation (D 2 ) is probably late Caledonian or Variscan in age, perhaps as young as early Carboniferous. Folds plunging gently to the west-northwest with an axial-planar foliation dipping southwest characterize this event. This axial-planar foliation occurs as an evenly spaced (0.5 to 2.0 cm) crenulation cleavage. The deformational intensity of D 2 also varies throughout the diamictites. It is particularly strong, however, near the basal contact of the diamictites with the underlying phyllites, suggesting that this contact may be tectonic rather than depositional, or possibly both. A northeast-southwest principal horizontal compression is inferred from the foliation for the D 2 event.
Exact Bootstrap Variances of the Area Under ROC Curve

The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and related summary indices are widely used for assessment of accuracy of an individual and comparison of performances of several diagnostic systems in many areas including studies of human perception, decision making, and the regulatory approval process for new diagnostic technologies. Many investigators have suggested implementing the bootstrap approach to estimate variability of AUC-based indices. Corresponding bootstrap quantities are typically estimated by sampling a bootstrap distribution. Such a process, frequently termed Monte Carlo bootstrap, is often computationally burdensome and imposes an additional sampling error on the resulting estimates. In this article, we demonstrate that the exact or ideal (sampling error free) bootstrap variances of the nonparametric estimator of AUC can be computed directly, i.e., avoiding resampling of the original data, and we develop easy-to-use formulas to compute them. We derive the formulas ...
68-Year-Old Man With Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

A 68-year-old man with benign prostatic hypertrophy underwent an uncomplicated laser ablation of the prostate for long-standing bladder outlet obstruction requiring self-catheterization. The procedure was performed in an outpatient clinic, with perioperative administration of intravenous cefazolin, and the patient was instructed to continue self-catheterization. Fifteen days after the ablation, he developed malaise, chills, and subjective fever. His symptoms progressed, and on postoperative day 18 he presented to a primary care physician with hypotension. He had rigors and was afebrile and weak; the remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable.
The Dilemma of Albuterol Dosing for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Pediatric Patients

1Although the benefi t of continuous treatment is well established, we can fi nd only one, small randomized controlled trial (N 5 33) that compared the recommended guideline continuous nebulized albuterol (CNA) dose (10 mg/h) with a lower dose, a level of evidence meeting at best grade B2. 2 - 4 We are not aware of evidence to support even higher doses, and there has long been concern about the disparity of doses used for these episodes. 3 With this in mind, we sought to examine the doses of CNA currently in use for pediatric patients with moderate and severe asthma exacerbations managed in pediatric EDs. We administered an Internet-based questionnaire to respiratory care directors of the Child Health Corporation of America, a network of 43 children’s hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions on albuterol treatment decisions for pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations managed in the ED. The questionnaire was distributed three times at 3-week intervals, and duplicate responses were excluded. The study protocol and questionnaire were approved by the Vanderbilt University Human Research Protection Program (protocol # 091569), and completion of the questionnaire implied consent. Responses were received from 22 (51%) of eligible participants. All respondents were from a pediatric-specifi c ED. CNA dosing was determined by institutional protocol for 16 (76%) of 21 respondents completing the question, and percent predicted peak expiratory fl ow or FEV 1 were used to guide CNA treatment at seven (33%) of these 21 institutions. For moderate-severity exacerbations, six (60%) of 10 completing the question reported using CNA doses that exceed current expert guidelines. All respondents reported exceeding guideline CNA doses for severe exacerbations, with three (33%) of nine who responded using 25 mg/h. There was no limit on duration of CNA treatment at 18 (82%) of the 22 institutions. These children’s hospital respiratory care directors report using CNA doses and treatment durations that frequently exceed those recommended by expert guidelines, creating a potential dilemma between the guidelines and what appears to be frequent clinical practice for pediatric patients. For this reason, and because current expert guidelines may be informed by limited evidence, further investigations are warranted of albuterol doses and treatment duration recommended by these guidelines and, in particular, of higher doses frequently used in clinical practice.
Effects of 17β-estradiol and flutamide on splenic macrophages and splenocytes after trauma-hemorrhage

Abstract Since splenic immune functions are depressed in metestrus females following trauma-hemorrhage, we hypothesized that administration of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide at the onset of resuscitation will maintain the immune function of the spleen following trauma-hemorrhage. Female C57BL6/J mice (metestrus state, 8–12 weeks old), underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg for 90 min) and received 17β-estradiol (50 μg/25 g), flutamide (625 μg/25 g) or 17β-estradiol + flutamide. Four hours after resuscitation, the in vitro productive capacity of different cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ) by splenic MΦ and splenocytes were determined by flow cytometry. A significantly decreased cytokine production by both splenocytes and splenic MΦ was observed following trauma-hemorrhage compared to shams. Administration of 17β-estradiol, flutamide and 17β-estradiol + flutamide following trauma-hemorrhage resulted in a significant increase in the in vitro IL-6 release by splenic MΦ. The TNF-α productive capacity, however, was only restored by 17β-estradiol and 17β-estradiol + flutamide administration following trauma-hemorrhage. No significant effect of either treatment was observed with regard to the suppressed splenic MΦ IL-10 release. Anti-CD3 stimulation, administration of 17β-estradiol and 17β-estradiol + flutamide, but not the administration of flutamide alone resulted in a significant increased release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ compared to vehicle-treated animals. No significant effect of either treatment was found on IL-10 productive capacity. These results collectively suggest that flutamide administration following trauma-hemorrhage in females has beneficial effects on splenic immune function. However, flutamide administration in combination with estrogen does not provide any significant, additional effects over 17β-estradiol administration alone.
Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstruction of the Distribution of Neuromuscular Junctions in the Thyroarytenoid Muscle:

Microinjections of botulinum toxin have recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of strabismus, and it has also been suggested that microinjections of this myoneural blocking agent might be of value in the treatment of spastic dysphonia. The success of such a microinjection technique would rely on a precise knowledge of the distribution of myoneural junctions in the thyroarytenoid muscle. In view of this potential application as well as the need for such information in reinnervation procedures, we have used computer graphics to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of motor end-plates in the thyroarytenoid muscle. Three cat and one human (fresh autopsy specimen) larynges were frozen and sectioned on a cryostat. Serial sections were then processed for the histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase activity to demarcate the neuromuscular junctions. An X-Y digitizer was used to reference the position of the motor end-plates in each serial section, and the three-dimensional distri...
Influence of environmental factors on woody biomass productivity in the central great plains, U.S.A.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the productivity of short-rotation tree plantations. Sixteen sites representing a wide range of ecological zones in the central Great Plains were planted to six rapid-growing, coppicing, deciduous tree species: black locust, catalpa, cottonwood, honeylocust, silver maple, and Siberian elm. Environmental factors were tested for their relationship to biomass yield. Climate and geographic location greatly influenced biomass, whereas site and soil factors were poorly related. Other factors affecting productivity were days between summer storms of at least 6.4 mm and frost-free days. Survival was high, and third-year yields of 3–5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, based upon nondestructive measurements, were common. Tree growth was adversely affected in the drier zones. Tree species greatly influenced yield. Many hold promise for energy production in the central plains area of the United States. Black locust grew best, except on very sandy alluvial soil and in the 500-mm precipitation zone in the west. Silver maple grew well on silty soils, whereas cottonwood produced outstanding yields on sandy alluvial soil in the eastern, 1000-mm precipitation belt. Siberian elm grew well on many sites across the test area.
ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL COGNITION

There is a dual nature to cognition: subjective and objective. Only objective cognition, as seen by others, lends itself to study in terms that are observable and repeatable. We restrict ourselves to this aspect, and further assume that cognition as an attribute of the physical system that carries it. This leaves many problems of philosophy and even some questions of the physical theory of measurement out of our scope. The payoff is a time tested and solidly successful approach to what is observable, repeatable, and predictable.
Mesogenic Polymers. 5. 1Thermotropic Polyamide Liquid Crystals and Analogous Small Molecule Diamides

Abstract The use of substituents (X # H) ortho to the amide nitrogen in both aromatic polyamides and analogous diamides renders these compounds to be enantiotropic mesogens by lowering the solid → mesophase temperature. At the molecular level this is understood as a reduction in interchain hydrogen bonding through either a steric blocking effect and/or through formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (when X = C1, OCH3). DSC, optical microscopy and infrared data are presented for the eight compounds reported.
Association between Physical Functional Limitations and Visiting a Complementary and Alternative Medicine Provider

Purpose: To determine whether physical functional limitations (PFLs) are associated with consulting a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provider, and whether among CAM users, PFLs determine the type of CAM practitioner chosen.
Thoughts on being productive during a graduate program: the process and benefits of a peer working group.

A large number of popular press and academic text books are devoted to successfully navigating the graduate school process, including thesis writing and strategies for completing a graduate program (Bolker, 1998; Brause, 2000; Swetnam, 1997), establishing a relationship with mentors (Johnson & Huwe, 2002), as well as developing and mastering clear writing styles (Williams, 2003), and manuscript writing (Booth, Colomb, & Williams, 2003; Pyrczak & Bruce, 2005). Yet neither popular nor scholarly writings appear to examine how to be productive in a graduate program, above and beyond thesis and dissertation writing. Students usually spend considerable time in graduate programs before they seriously begin the thesis or dissertation work. Examining ways in which these years can be made more productive and help one prepare for completing the thesis or dissertation is important. To be successful as a graduate student and beyond, one’s curriculum vitae must demonstrate scholarly productivity and professional involvement above and beyond departmental degree requirements. This improves marketability for academic and nonacademic positions, as well as continued education and training, including postdoctoral opportunities. To enter a career in academia, a newly minted PhD is expected to have an assortment of peer-reviewed publications, book chapters, scientific conference presentations, teaching experience, accolades and awards, involvement in professional organizations, and successful grant writing experience. Given these expectations set by the academic, research, and practice communities, indepth discussions regarding professional development and productivity in graduate programs are needed.
Sliding wear behavior of deformation-processed Cu-15vol.%Cr in situ composites

A deformation-processed Cu-15vol.%Cr in situ composite was made by consumable arc melting and casting followed by extensive deformation. A superior combination of mechanical strength and electrical/thermal conductivity was achieved with the composite since Cr filaments existed in the nearly pure copper matrix. The effects of sliding speed and normal pressure on sliding wear behavior and microstructure of the composite were investigated, with a composite pin rubbing against a hardened AISI 52100 steel disk on a pin-on-disk wear tester. In the studied range of normal pressure and sliding speed, the wear rate increased with increased normal pressure, whereas the wear rate decreased with increased sliding speed. Sliding-induced subsurface deformation occurred not only in the sliding direction but also in the lateral directions perpendicular to the sliding direction. This lateral flow produced a twisting of the Cr filaments. The complex deformation mode was revealed clearly by the morphological change of the ribbon-like filaments. Both constituents of the composite were cooperatively deformed. The thickness of deformed subsurface layer increased with increasing normal pressure and sliding speed. Scanning electron micrographs showed plastic deformation flow on the wear surface.
Transient increases in neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in dentate hilar neurons following fimbria/fornix transection

Neurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY) are numerous in those hippocampal regions that receive septal and monoaminergic afferents. To assess the role of these afferents in the expression of NPY in hippocampal neurons, the number and distribution of perikarya with NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) was examined quantitatively in the dentate gyrus of adult male rats following unilateral transection of the right fimbria/fornix. In unlesioned rats, immunoperoxidase labeling for the antibody to NPY was detected mostly in fibers and only a few perikarya in the dentate gyrus. Following fornix transections, the number of detectable NPY-containing neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the lesion increased at 3 days post-lesion (dpl), peaked at 6 and 9 dpl, then returned to basal levels at 14 dpl and 1 and 6 months post-lesion. This elevation followed a rostral to caudal gradient. No apparent changes were found in the distribution of NPY-labeled neurons at any post-lesion interval studied. Moreover, no significant changes at any of the post-lesion times were found in the number or distribution of neurons with NPY-LI in the hilus of sham lesioned (i.e., ablations of the cortex and anterior hippocampal formation sparing the fornix) rats. The observed increases in the number of hippocampal neurons containing detectable NPY suggests that the cellular levels of this peptide are dependent on pathways travelling through the fornix. The rapid and transient increases in NPY are not due exclusively to changes in cholinergic pathways but may involve changes in other pathways within the fornix or even indirect neurotrophic effects. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
HIV: How to escape treatment

Even during effective treatment with antiretroviral drugs, low levels of HIV persist. In part, this could be due to cell-to-cell transfer of multiple virions and the drugs' inability to inhibit replication when virus levels are high. See Letter p.95 Antiretroviral therapy suppresses, but does not eradicate, HIV infection. Low-level viraemia continues for life because of the persistence of treatment-resistant reservoirs of the virus. Various different types of reservoir are thought to exist. David Baltimore and colleagues use a combination of mathematical modelling and a cell culture model of HIV infection and drug treatment to propose that ongoing HIV replication can occur in the presence of drugs if the cells become infected through cell-to-cell transmission. They propose that cell-to-cell spread of virus could be a source of localized and intermittent ongoing replication, which may show little evolution, and which could contribute to replenishment of the virus reservoir and virus persistence.
1H NMR studies of drugs with achiral and chiral lanthanide shift reagents: applications to the anticonvulsant pheneturide.

The anticonvulsant pheneturide, PNT, has been studied by 300 MHz 1H NMR in CDCl3 at ambient temperatures with the achiral lanthanide shift reagent (LSR) Eu(FOD)3, and with the chiral LSR, Eu(HFC)3. Both LSRs produced spectral simplification of the aryl proton signal region, and substantial lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS). With added Eu(HFC)3, enantiomeric shift differences (ΔΔδ) were induced for most nuclei of PNT, indicating substantial potential for direct determination of enantiomeric excess. Valley heights between corresponding signals in the PNT enantiomers as low as 3.6% were achieved for the meta resonance. Least squares line-fitting was applied to the variation of chemical shift vs. [LSR]/[PNT] molar ratios for both LSRs. Tentative assignments were made for the NH absorptions based on two-dimensional NMR (COSY45), as well as their relative magnitudes of LIS, ΔΔδ, and lanthanide-induced line broadening. The PNT conformation reported in the crystal is believed to be retained in solution with added LSR. The relative senses of magnetic nonequivalence were found to be the same among the three sets of aryl protons, and among the three kinds of protons in the ethyl moiety, with high levels of added chiral LSR, using 2D NMR. Chirality 11:529–535, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Affective reactions to multiple social stigmas

The relationship between multiple stigmas and others' perceptions of the stigmas was investigated. The participants received 6 stigma targets; controllability of the onset of the stigma, race of the target, and gender of the target were manipulated. The participants' affective ratings differed on the basis of perceived controllability of the onset of the stigma. After receiving additional information about the targets, the participants assigned more blame to the Black stigma targets than to the White stigma targets.
Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of a near-IR fluorescent corrole–TiO2 nanoconjugate

We are investigating the biological and biomedical imaging roles and impacts of fluorescent metallocorrole–TiO_2 nanoconjugates as potential near-infrared optical contrast agents in vitro in cancer and normal cell lines. The TiO_2 nanoconjugate labeled with the small molecule 2,17-bis(chlorosulfonyl)-5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrolato aluminum(III) (1-Al–TiO_2) was prepared. The nanoparticle 1-Al–TiO_2 was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and integrating-sphere electronic absorption spectroscopy. TEM images of three different samples of TiO_2 nanoparticles (bare, H_2O_2 etched, and 1-Al functionalized) showed similarity in shapes and sizes with an average diameter of 29 nm for 1-Al–TiO_2. Loading of 1-Al on the TiO_2 surfaces was determined to be ca. 20–40 mg 1-Al/g TiO_2. Confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) studies of luciferase-transfected primary human glioblastoma U87-Luc cells treated with the nanoconjugate 1-Al–TiO_2 as the contrast agent in various concentrations were performed. The CFM images revealed that 1-Al–TiO_2 was found inside the cancer cells even at low doses (0.02–2 μg/mL) and localized in the cytosol. Bioluminescence studies of the U87-Luc cells exposed to various amounts of 1-Al–TiO_2 showed minimal cytotoxic effects even at higher doses (2–2000 μg/mL) after 24 h. A similar observation was made using primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) treated with 1-Al–TiO_2 at low doses (0.0003–3 μg/mL). Longer incubation times (after 48 and 72 h for U87-Luc) and higher doses (> 20 μg/mL 1-Al–TiO_2 for U87-Luc and > 3 μg/mL 1-Al–TiO_2 for PMH) showed decreased cell viability.
Metal tetramethylenedithiocarbamates and tetramethylenedithiocarbamic acid

Abstract The reaction of ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate (APDC) with Ag+, Zn2+, and Bi3+ has been investigated, the pH range for stoichiometric formation was determined; the reaction products were characterized. The kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of APDC were studied.
Two vectors for the insertion of mammalian selectable genes into yeast artificial chromosome cloned DNA

Abstract The introduction of cloned DNA into mammalian cells allows functional testing of genes contained on the fragments. In many cases, the exogenous DNA introduced into mammalian cells requires selectable genes that mark the presence of input DNA. Two new vectors, carrying mammalian selectable markers encoding for either neomycin-resistance (neoR) or histidinol-resistance (holR), have been constructed for targeted integration to specific single-copy sites within yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) insert DNA. The integration cassettes comprise a single selectable yeast gene adjacent to a mammalian selectable gene, either LEU2 with neoR or HIS3 with holR. Modification of the YAC occurs in yeast by transfection with linear DNA containing YAC-specific, unique, recombinogenic ends, thereby ensuring co-integration of the markers. Analysis of modified YACs confirms that both vectors correctly integrate into the targeted unique sites. The precise localization of selectable marker genes in the cloned DNA ensures the integrity of the genomic fragments during functional testing. Placement of mammalian selectable markers within the YAC insert DNA should allow for YAC-based gene targeting experiments in a variety of mammalian cell lines.
Amplitude Instability and Ergodic Behavior for Conservative Nonlinear Oscillator Systems

Several earlier computer studies of nonlinear oscillator systems have revealed an amplitude instability marking a sharp transition from conditionally periodic to ergodic-type motion, and several authors have explained the observed instabilities in terms of a mathematical theorem due to Kolmogorov, Arnol'd, and Moser. In view of the significance of these results to several diverse fields, especially to statistical mechanics, this paper attempts to provide an elementary introduction to Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser amplitude instability and to provide a verifiable scheme for predicting the onset of this instability. This goal is achieved by demonstrating that amplitude instability can occur even in simple oscillator systems which admit to a clear and detailed analysis. The analysis presented here is related to several earlier studies. Special attention is given to the relevance of amplitude instability for statistical mechanics.
Recognizing How Adults Learn: Implications for Principals.

Educators have historically supported the position that learning is a lifelong procedure, but few have acknowledged that learning is accomplished in different ways at various stages of life. Research indicates that a child seven years of age has a different learning pattern than a high school senior, or an adult. Until re cently, however, the same principles of learning, or pedagogy, were applied to all learning situations regardless of the learner's maturity.
An injection mechanism for shock waves of arbitrary obliquity

Evidence exists suggesting that not only do heliospheric shocks accelerate particles up to energies as high as a few GeV/nuc. but that the source of these energetic particles are pickup ions or low energy particles present in the suprathermal tail of the solar wind distribution. To be diffusively accelerated at a shock wave a particle needs an energy significantly greater than that of the expected source particles, the so-called “injection problem”. We present here a model of particle acceleration at shocks of arbitrary obliquity that produces particle energies sufficiently high for diffusive shock acceleration to occur.
Infrared imaging and measurement of tropospheric carbon monoxide using gas filter correlation radiometry

The purpose of this project is to quantify tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations by utilizing a system that applies infrared imaging and gas filter correlation radiometry (GFCR). GFCR offers a differencing method of remote sensing of atmospheric gas concentrations over a large area. A modified, ground-based version for GFCR is used for this project using the moon as our emitting reflected infrared source. The measurement is made by differencing a radiance stream obtained from the moon as passed through an evacuated cell or a cell containing a predetermined concentration of CO. With this measurement, our model is used to correlate this data to real CO concentrations in the troposphere. An ancillary purpose of this project is to calculate the responsivity of the infrared imager used in our measurements by determining the power that is equivalent to the outputted data number.
TURISTA AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS IN MEXICO

Abstract Participants at the 10th annual Inter Summary national Congress of Microbiology in Mexico City in August, 1970, were asked whether they had had gastroenteritis after entering Mexico. Symptoms of those ill included diarrhœa (91%), bloody diarrhœa (1·4%), nausea (25%), vomiting (12%), and fever (22%). The median duration of symptoms was 2 days. The attack-rate for Americans, Canadians, and Northern Europeans was significantly higher than the combined attack-rate for visitors from Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Far East, Africa, and Latin America. There was no increased or decreased risk associated with a particular age range or sex. Taking prophylactic medication, confining drinking to bottled liquids, and avoiding salads, raw vegetables, and unpeeled fruit did not decrease risk of illness.
Helpseeking behavior of male college students with emotional problems

The subjects in this study were 125 male college sophomores in a large midwestern university. About one-third of the students had been “Users” of the facilities of the free Mental Health Clinic on campus, while the remainder, the “Non-users”, had not utilized any such facilities. Mailed questionnaires covered the following topics: demographic data, background factors and current life on campus, opinions and attitudes and perceptions of counseling and therapy, and diverse aspects of the students' adjustment and mental health.
A linear-time recognition algorithm for P 4 -reducible graphs

P4-reducible graphs are precisely the graphs none of whose vertices belong to more than one chordless path with three edges. As it turns out, the class of P4-reducible graphs strictly contains the well-known class of cographs. A remarkable property of P4-reducible graphs is their unique tree representation up to isomorphism. In this paper we present a linear-time algorithm to recognize P4-reducible graphs and to construct their corresponding tree representation.
The effects of acid deposition on the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients in miniature red spruce ecosystems

As part of an experimental study of air pollution effects on tree growth and health, we combined process studies with an ecosystem approach to evaluate the effects of acidic deposition on soil acidification, nutrient cycling and proton fluxes in miniature red spruce ecosystems. Ninety red spruce saplings were transplanted into 1-m diameter pots containing reconstructed soil profiles and exposed to simulated acid rain treatments of pH 3.1, 4.1 and 5.1 for four consecutive growing seasons. All the principal fluxes of the major elements were measured. During the first year of treatments, the disturbance associated with the transplanting of the experimental trees masked any treatment effects by stimulating N mineralization rates and consequent high NO3-, cation, and H+ flux through the soil profile. In subsequent years, leaching of base cations and labile Al was accelerated in the most intensive acid treatment and corresponding declines in soil pH and exchangeable pools of Ca and Mg and increases in exchangeable Al concentrations were observed in the organic horizon. Leaching of Ca2' and Mg2+ also was significantly higher in the pH 4.1 than in the pH 5.1 treatment. Flux of Ca from foliage and soil was increased in response to strong acid loading and root uptake increased to compensate for foliar Ca losses. In contrast, K cycling was dominated by root uptake and internal cycling and was relatively insensitive to strong acid inputs. Cation leaching induced by acidic deposition was responsible for the majority of H* flux in the pH 3.1 treatment in the organic soil horizon whereas root uptake accounted for most of the H* flux in the pH 4.1 and 5.1 treatments. Although no measurable effects on tree nutrition or health were observed, base cation leaching was significantly accelerated by acidic deposition, even at levels below that observed in the eastern U.S., warranting continued concern about acid deposition effects on the soil base status of forested ecosystems.
Correlation of the stage of cytopathic change with the release of poliomyelitis virus

Abstract Cytological examination of infected cover slip cultures of monkey kidney, HeLa, and human fetal cells showed that each type underwent similar cytopathic changes and that these changes were identical for each of the strains of poliomyelitis used (Types I, Mahoney; II, MEF-1; III, Saukett). The cytological observations were given a quantitative evaluation in terms of the total cell count per cover slip and in terms of the numbers of cells per cytological type in each control and infected culture. The cytological cell types included mitosis, nonspecific degeneration, interphase, and four arbitrarily designated stages of the cytopathic change: stage I, early nuclear pyknosis, no obvious cytoplasmic changes; stage II, advanced nuclear pyknosis with its displacement to one side of the cell, contraction of the cytoplasm; stage III, formation of a light-staining lesion in the center of the cell, nuclear staining material condensed into a small mass, cell rounded; stage IV, cell disintegration. Samples of the media in which the cells were maintained after infection were assayed by the plaque technique on monolayer cultures of monkey kidney cells. A correlation of the stage of cytopathic change with the time of virus release indicates that the release occurs several hours after stage III, and before stage IV.
Involvement of a surgical service improves patient satisfaction in patients admitted with small bowel obstruction.

Abstract Background For patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO), surgical care has been associated with improved outcomes; however, it remains unknown how it impacts satisfaction. Methods Patients admitted for SBO who completed the hospital satisfaction survey were eligible. Only those with adhesions or hernias were included. Chart review extracted structural characteristics and outcomes. Results Forty-seven patients were included; 74% (n = 35) were admitted to a surgical service. Twenty-six percent of the patients (n = 12) were admitted to medicine, and 50% of those (n = 6) had surgical consultation. Patients with surgical involvement as the consulting or primary service (SURG) had higher satisfaction with the hospital than those cared for by the medical service (MED) (80% SURG, 33% MED, P = .015). SURG patients also had higher satisfaction with physicians (74% SURG, 44% MED, P = .015). Conclusion Surgical involvement during SBO admissions is associated with increased patient satisfaction, and adds further weight to the recommendation that these patients be cared for by surgeons.
UDaaS: A Cloud-Based URL-Deduplication-as-a-Service for Big Datasets

Since the number of potential malicious URLs from diverse sources is large, URL deduplication is needed for the efficient identification of malicious websites. URL Deduplicationas-a-Service (UDaaS) was developed to help a URL analyst to deploy and manage a cloud-based distributed and parallel URL deduplication infrastructure easily, this can improve the performance of malicious websites detection while reducing duplication and quantity of local storage requirements.
Growth-compromised HSV-2 vector ΔRR protects from N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neuronal degeneration through redundant activation of the MEK/ERK and PI3-K/Akt survival pathways, either one of which overrides apoptotic cascades

We have previously shown that intrastriatal injection of Delta RR, the growth-compromised herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vector for the antiapoptotic protein ICP10PK, prevents apoptosis caused by the excitotoxin N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in a mouse model of glutamatergic neuronal cell death (Golembewski et al. [2007] Exp. Neurol. 203:381-393). Because apoptosis regulation is stimulus and cell type specific, our studies were designed to examine the mechanism of Delta RR-mediated neuroprotection in striatal neurons. Organotypic striatal cultures (OSC) that retain much of the synaptic circuitry of the intact striatum were infected with Delta RR or a growth-compromised HSV-2 vector that lacks ICP10PK (Delta PK) and examined for neuroprotection-associated signaling. The mutated ICP10 proteins (p175 and p95) were expressed in 70-80% of neurons from Delta RR- and Delta PK-infected cultures, respectively, as determined by double-immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to ICP10 and NeuN or GAD65. Delta RR- but not Delta PK-treated OSC were protected from NMDA-induced apoptosis, as verified by ethidium homodimer staining, TUNEL, caspase-3 activation, and poly(AD-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Neuroprotection was through ICP10PK-mediated activation of the survival pathways MEK/ERK and PI3-K/Akt, up-regulation of the antiapoptotic proteins Bag-1 and Bcl-2, and phosphorylation (inactivation) of the proapoptotic protein Bad. It was blocked by the MEK inhibitor U0126 or the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002, suggesting that either pathway can prevent NMDA-induced apoptosis. The data indicate that Delta RR-delivered ICP10PK stimulates redundant survival pathways that override proapoptotic cascades. Delta RR is a promising gene therapy platform against glutamatergic cell death.
Urban african-american middle school science students : Does standards-based teaching make a difference?

The current reform movement in science education promotes standards-based teaching, including the use of inquiry, problem solving, and open-ended questioning, to improve student achievement. This study examines the influence of standards-based teaching practices on the achievement of urban, African-American, middle school science students. Science classes of teachers who had participated in the professional development (n = 8) of Ohio's statewide systemic initiative (SSI) were matched with classes of teachers (n = 10) who had not participated. Data were gathered using group-administered questionnaires and achievement tests that were specifically designed for Ohio's SSI. Analyses indicate that teachers who frequently used standards-based teaching practices positively influenced urban, African-American students' science achievement and attitudes, especially for boys. Additionally, teachers' involvement in the SSI's professional development was positively related to the reported use of standards-based teaching practices in the classroom. The findings support the efficacy of high-quality professional development to change teaching practices and to enhance student learning. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 1019–1041, 2000
Gaseous 3He-3He magnetic dipolar spin relaxation.

We derive the nuclear-spin relaxation rate of gaseous $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ due to the magnetic-dipole interaction between the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclear spins. This dipolar relaxation rate is numerically evaluated for temperatures from 0.1 K to 550 K. At room temperature, the relaxation time for a $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ density of 10 amagats is 74.4 h. We have made a series of high-density (4--12 amagat) $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ samples for which nulcear relaxation is limited by the magnetic-dipole interaction. Both our theoretical and experimental results are particularly important for the growing use of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, polarized through spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor.
Truncation of the amino terminus of PTH alters its anabolic activity on bone in vivo

Abstract In vitro studies of parathyroid hormone (PTH) structure and function have suggested that the anabolic effect of PTH on bone requires the presence of amino acid residues 28–34 (domains for protein kinase C activation and mitogenic activity), but not amino acid residues 1–7 (adenylate cyclase activation domain). We have tested this hypothesis with in vivo studies of human PTH (hPTH) analogs. Serum biomarkers and selected histomorphometric parameters of bone formation and resorption were assessed in adult, female, Sprague-Dawley rats following 19 daily injections of vehicle, 10 μg/kg body weight (bw) of hPTH(1–38), or a dose range of 10, 40, and 100 μg/100 g bw of hPTH(2–38) or hPTH(3–38). Treatment with hPTH(1–38) increased serum osteocalcin, the percentage of osteoblast surface, percentage of osteoid surface, percentage of bone volume, trabecular thickness, and bone formation rate, while it decreased the percentage of osteoclast surface. The hPTH(2–38) fragment exhibited 10% -25% of the in vivo anabolic activity of hPTH(1–38), while it had no effect on the percentage of osteoclast surface. The hPTH(3–38) fragment exhibited no biological activity on bone. In contrast, serum INS-PTH (intact-N-terminal specific PTH) levels were similarly and significantly increased above control in rats treated with hPTH(1–38), hPTH(2–38), or hPTH(3–38) at the same dose. This preliminary finding suggests that the differential activity of these peptides on bone is not due to differences in the circulating level of immunoreactive PTH (intact and amino-terminal fragments of PTH from endogenous and exogenous sources) several hours after PTH injection. However, we can draw no conclusion regarding the relative clearance rates of these peptides. Last, because hPTH(3–38) was without any detectable biological activity on rat bone in vivo, its mitogenic activity was confirmed in two osteoblast-like cell lines. In summary, the anabolic effect of hPTH(1–38) on bone in vivo was (1) diminished by removal of amino acid residue 1, and (2) abolished by the removal of amino acid residues 1 and 2. Although these findings suggest that the therapeutic benefits of exogenous PTH administration may depend upon activation of not only protein kinase C, but also adenylate cyclase, they do not rule out a differential PTH response due to other causes, e.g., metabolic inactivation.
UV Stabilization of PET Fibers: Microscopy Study

Ultraviolet microspectrophotometry is used to monitor the radial diffusion of three uv stabilizers in high molecular weight PET fibers. Under identical application con ditions, the benzotriazole and benzotriazine derivative stabilizers show peripheral penetration only, whereas the benzophenone derivative stabilizer diffuses throughout the fiber cross section. Peripheral penetration of the benzotriazole and benzotriazine derivatives does not prevent polymer photodegradation in the unprotected interior, whereas all regions of the fiber are protected by the more uniformly distributed ben zophenone stabilizer. Heavy peripheral deposition of the benzotriazole stabilizer pre vents these highly protected regions from polymer photodegradation.
HfFeGa 2 and HfMnGa 2 : Transition-metal-based itinerant ferromagnets with low Curie temperatures

We present a report on the physical properties of the transition-metal-based ferromagnets ${\mathrm{HfFeGa}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{HfMnGa}}_{2}$. The magnetic susceptibility in both displays Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperature that is replaced by the critical susceptibility just above the Curie temperatures, which are 47.9 K in ${\mathrm{HfFeGa}}_{2}$ and 25.6 K in ${\mathrm{HfMnGa}}_{2}$. The ferromagnetically ordered state has a coercive field of 1700 Oe in ${\mathrm{HfFeGa}}_{2}$ and 320 Oe in ${\mathrm{HfMnGa}}_{2}$, with strong anisotropy that largely confines the moments to the $b$ axis. Critical exponents that are derived from neutron diffraction measurements and Arrott plot analyses of the magnetization confirm the mean-field character of the ferromagnetic transitions. Phonons dominate the specific heat at all temperatures, but clear ordering anomalies accompany the onset of ferromagnetic order, as well as an electronic component that is larger in the ordered than paramagnetic states. Both ${\mathrm{HfFeGa}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{HfMnGa}}_{2}$ are metallic, and we observe an anomalous exponent in the temperature-dependent resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$, where $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}={\mathit{BT}}^{5/3}$, signaling that the ordered state is a marginal Fermi liquid. Overall, the robustness of ferromagnetic order, the Curie temperatures, and the impact of fluctuations in both ${\mathrm{HfFeGa}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{HfMnGa}}_{2}$ are very similar to those of previously studied ferromagnets, such as MnSi, ZrZn${}_{2}$, Ni${}_{3}$Al, and Sc${}_{3}$In.
USES AND MISUSES OF GRATIFICATIONS RESEARCH An Explication of Media Functions

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of self-reported media usage and fandom on perceived gratifications provided by each of eight media: books, magazines, films, television, newspapers, radio, recorded music, and friends. Subjects indicated the amount they used each medium, had positive or negative affect for it, and the extent to which each was perceived as providing ten gratifications. Results indicated that seven groups of subjects—high, moderate and low users, high moderate and low fans, and the results from an earlier investigation by Elliott and Quattlebaum—did not differ in their perception of each medium's ability to provide specific gratifications. Also, each medium appeared to have an image related to its functions that was independent of both individual use and attitude. The consistency of these images among the seven groups suggested that what prior researchers referred to as “audience needs” may be no more than “audience agreement” based on common learned responses.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF POROUS ELASTOVISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL

Many materials exhibit elasto–visco–plastic behavior when subjected to loadings with certain strain rate. Examples include natural materials such as metals, clays, and soils and manmade materials such as some biomimic materials. Some voids may exist or be introduced in these materials. The effects of the voids on the material response are important in predicting the strength, reliability, and service life of structural systems containing these materials. This paper presents the results of applying a statistical micromechanical approach to describe the macroscopic behavior of elasto–visco–plastic materials containing many randomly dispersed spherical voids. Most existing micromechanics based models are only applicable to monotonic proportional loadings. The limitation is removed by integrating the material model into the framework of continuum plasticity. With the discrete integration algorithm and local return mapping algorithm, the proposed computation method is applicable to any loading and unloading histories and is ready for implementing into finite element analysis.
Testing the Technology Acceptance Model: HIV case managers' intention to use a continuity of care record with context-specific links.

Objective. To assess the applicability of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs in explaining HIV case managers’ behavioural intention to use a continuity of care record (CCR) with context-specific links designed to meet their information needs.Design. Data were collected from 94 case managers who provide care to persons living with HIV (PLWH) using an online survey comprising three components: (1) demographic information: age, gender, ethnicity, race, Internet usage and computer experience; (2) mock-up of CCR with context-specific links; and items related to TAM constructs. Data analysis included: principal components factor analysis (PCA), assessment of internal consistency reliability and univariate and multivariate analysis.Results. PCA extracted three factors (Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Barriers to Use), explained variance = 84.9%, Cronbach’s ά = 0.69–0.91. In a linear regression model, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Barriers to Use...
Photoconductivity of fullerene-doped polymers

PHOTOCONDUCTING materials are employed in many technological applications, such as photodetection and electrostatic imaging.1 We report here the preparation of photoconducting films of polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) doped with fullerenes (a mixture of C60 and C70). The performance of this material is comparable with some of the best photoconductors available commercially, such as thiapyrylium dye aggregates2. The quantum yield for primary charge separation and the initial ion-pair distance are calculated, within the framework of the Onsager model3,4, to be 0.9 and 19 A respectively. The wavelength dependence of photoconductivity is essentially determined by the absorption spectrum of the fullerenes, with the active range extending from about 280 to 680 nm. The isolation of other fullerenes and fullerene derivatives may lead to the development of a large number of fullerene-based polymeric photoconductors in the future.
Dermatomyositis and coexistent ovarian cancer: A review of the compounding clinical problems

Although the nature of the relationship of dermatomyositis and malignancy is debated, the clinical implications of their coexistence is considerable. This review details the clinical and laboratory diagnostic features of the dermatomyositis (DM). Two case reports serve to focus on the unique management problems faced by the gynecologic oncologist when DM is associated with ovarian malignancy. Cricopharyngeal achalasia, an unusual aberration of DM, complicated the course of both patients.