cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depletion of high energy phosphate compounds in the tumor-bearing state and reversal after tumor resection

Background. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome manifested by a variety of metabolic abnormalities that include depletion of host energy stores. We studied liver and skeletal muscle high energy phosphate compounds, inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and the energy charge in tumor-bearing (TB), pair fed non-tumor-bearing (NTB), and tumor-bearing resected (RES) rats. Methods. F344 rats were randomized into TB (n=13), NTB (n=13), and RES (n=5) groups. On day 0, the flanks of the TB and RES animals were injected with 1 × 10 7 methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcoma cells. On day 19, TB and NTB rat liver and skeletal muscle were analyzed for adenine nucleotides, phosphocreatine, and Pi, and RES animals underwent tumor resection followed by tissue analysis 10 days later. Results. Although the liver adenylate energy charge was maintained, the level of liver adenosine monophosphate was significantly increased and the liver adenosine diphosphate level was decreased in the TB animals (3.55±0.6, 3.70±0.3 μmoles/gm dry weight, p Conclusions. These alterations in high energy phosphate compounds in liver and skeletal muscle indicate that although the energy charge is maintained, energy depletion occurs early in the tumor-bearing state. These changes are tumor specific, not related to anorexia, and revert to non-tumor-bearing levels after tumor resection.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of RNase P protein from Thermotoga maritima.

Ribonuclease P (RNase P), the ubiquitous endonuclease that catalyzes maturation of the 5′-end of tRNA in bacteria, is a ribonucleoprotein particle composed of one large RNA and one small protein. Two major structural types of bacterial RNase P RNA have been identified by phylogenetic comparative analysis: the A (ancestral) and B (Bacillus) types. The RNase P protein from Thermotoga maritima, a hyperthermophilic bacterium with an A-type RNase P RNA, has been expressed in Escherichia coli. A purification strategy was developed to obtain a protein preparation suitable for crystallization. Protein crystals suitable for diffraction studies were obtained and characterized.
Residence Hall Room Type and Alcohol Use Among College Students Living on Campus

The objectives were to explore the relation between the built environment of residence halls and the alcohol use of college students living on campus from the perspective of the theory of routine a...
Combining of modes of broad-area laser diode into a single-mode spot

Multi-mode laser diode emission is reshaped into single-mode circular spot with the help of grating spectrometer and amplitude/phase spatial modulator. Paper investigates optical design and shows preliminary results on lateral modes combining.
Lumping and Splitting in the Study of Meaning in Life: Thoughts on Surfing, Surgery, Scents, and Sermons

For thousands of years, philosophers have been debating what a meaningful life entails and the best way to create one. In their article, Garland, Farb, Goldin, and Fredrickson (this issue) offer a ...
Clinical pathway for esophagectomy improves perioperative nutrition.

Abstract Background Clinical pathways reduce hospitalization and costs in colorectal and pancreatic cancer. We describe creating an esophagectomy pathway and analyze its implementation and effects. Methods We documented the process of developing an esophagectomy clinical pathway. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 12 patients before pathway implementation and 12 patients after. Results Pathway Implementation: more patients were presented at tumor board (9 pathway vs. 2 pre-pathway; p=0.012) and chose their postoperative care facility before surgery (8 vs. 0; p=0.0013) Outcomes: There were no changes in mortality (0 vs. 0), major complications (5 vs. 5), hospitalization (median 9.5 vs. 12 days; p=0.82), and total charges ($ 98,395 vs. $ 96,946; p=0.96). Pathway patients lost significantly less weight preoperatively (2.3% vs. 7.6%; p=0.01) and perioperatively (6.3% vs. 12%; p=0.02). Conclusions This is the first study to report the process of designing and implementing an esophagectomy pathway. While there was no significant decrease in mortality, complications, hospitalization, or charges, our pathway significantly decreased pre- and perioperative weight loss, which we attribute to coordinated patient education and care.
Allocation and Misallocation of Human Capital: Some Lessons from Japan and Russia

The engine of growth in the capitalist economy and the main source of the wealth of nations is productively employed human capital. This means that there are at least three key elements that must be present in an economy for successful development: 1) adequate supply of potential human capital must be forthcoming; 2) incentives to employ this human capital in productive, innovative uses must be stronger than incentives to employ it in strategic rent-seeking games or other non-productive activities; 3) the institutional framework must allow a smooth reallocation of resources to entrepreneurs possessing high human capital and potentially beneficial innovative ideas.
Chronic hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte enolase deficiency exacerbated by ingestion of nitrofurantoin.

A 41-year-old woman developed acute, overt hemolytic anemia on the third day of administration of nitrofurantoin for treatment of chronic pyelitis. Regression of the acute hemolytic process followed discontinuation of the drug, administration of prednisone, and transfusion of six units of blood. Hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, schistocytosis, spherocytosis, and increased osmotic and mechanical fragility of erythrocytes were observed when hemolysis was most severe. Hemolysis was caused by the addition of nitrofurantoin to the patient’s erythrocytes in vitro ; antibodies reacting with, or coating, the patient’s erythrocytes were not detectable whether or not nitrofurantoin was present. After clinical recovery, a chronic hemolytic state was detected in the patient and her sister; studies with homogenates of their erythrocytes showed deficiency of the enzyme enolase. This is the first instance of chronic hemolytic anemia related to familial deficiency of erythrocyte enolase, exacerbated, in our patient, by the ingestion of a drug.
Parasitization of the Black Carpet Beetle by the Straw Itch Mite

The straw itch mite, Pyemotes ventricosus (Newport), parasitized larvae, pupae, and adults of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.). Attached parasites were most numerous on pupae (mean, 40), fewer on 4- and 9-month larvae (mean, II) and fewer still on 2-month larvae (mean, 6). Rate of attachment was related to body weight and available body surface of the host. Average time of development and emergence of progeny of mother mites attached to pupae was 9.1 days for males and 9.9 days for females. Generally, 2 ♂ and 8 ♀ offspring were produced per mother mite. Responses of hosts to attack and paralysis by the straw itch mite are noted.
Mathematical Model for Fluid Flow in Artificially Roughened Microchannels

Two dimensional lubrication approximation is applied to the analysis of fluid flow in a rectangular microchannel with structured roughness. Each of two major walls is composed of designed microscale transverse ribs, modeled by twodimensional functions. A pressure drop correlation is formed as a direct function of these surface equations and the resultant velocity profile is incorporated into boundary layer analysis. Friction factors are calculated based on the obtained pressure drop values for comparison with conventional theory. The method presented here is consistent with conventional correlations in the case of hydraulically smooth channels, and is a stronger function of structured roughness geometry than the existing methods.
Ester Functionalization of Polypropylene via Controlled Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide during Solid-State Shear Pulverization

Polypropylene (PP) is a nonpolar polyolefin that is sometimes functionalized with polar molecules to allow for reactive compatibilization and improve interfacial adhesion. Functionalized PP is conventionally synthesized by melt extrusion at elevated temperature (T) (≥∼180 °C) with a radical initiator and polar monomer, e.g., maleic anhydride. A drawback to high T functionalization is that β-scission, which leads to cleavage of C–C backbone bonds, is significant and results in major molecular weight (MW) reduction and property degradation. We present a novel method of functionalizing PP using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) alone by a process called solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP), resulting in ester functional groups (benzoates) grafted at high yield onto PP. Ester functionalized PP (PP-g-ES) is synthesized with limited MW reduction because SSSP is done at sufficiently low T to suppress β-scission. Characterization before and after grafting at 0.18 mol % (0.46 wt %) graft level indicates that functionalizat...
Can experimental shock be induced by coronary occlusion

Summary and ConclusionsThe left ramus descendens anterior of the exposed hearts of dogs was ligated, arrhythmia was prevented by use of small doses of quinidine, and records of aortic, left atrial and right atrial pressures were repeatedly recorded by calibrated Greggtype manometers for 5 to 7 hours. Blood volume and cardiac output determinations were made in some animals. The results indicate that up to 7 hours there is no evidence, on the basis of an analysis of cardiac output, blood volume and pressure pulses, that circulatory failure of peripheral origin supervenes in dogs after ligation of a major coronary branch.Comparison of cardiac output data obtained by the Fick method and the aortic pulse contour method showed sufficient disagreement to indicate that the latter method is not sufficiently accurate for quantitative evaluation of cardiac output, even when pressure pulses of normal contour and normal aortic pressures prevail.
Racial differences in receipt of adjuvant hormonal therapy among Medicaid enrollees in South Carolina diagnosed with breast cancer

Several factors contribute to the pervasive Black–White disparity in breast cancer mortality in the U.S., such as tumor biology, access to care, and treatments received including adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT), which significantly improves survival for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers (HR+). We analyzed South Carolina Central Cancer Registry-Medicaid linked data to determine if, in an equal access health care system, racial differences in the receipt of AHT exist. We evaluated 494 study-eligible, Black (n = 255) and White women (n = 269) who were under 65 years old and diagnosed with stages I–III, HR+ breast cancers between 2004 and 2007. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess receipt of ≥1 AHT prescriptions at any point in time following (ever-use) or within 12 months of (early-use) breast cancer diagnosis. Seventy-two percent of the participants were ever-users (70 % Black, 74 % White) and 68 % were early-users (65 % Black, 71 % White) of AHT. Neither ever-use (adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.48–1.17) nor early-use (AOR = 0.70, 95 % CI 0.46–1.06) of AHT differed by race. However, receipt of other breast cancer-specific treatments was independently associated with ever-use and early-use of AHT [ever-use: receipt of surgery (AOR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.35–3.44); chemotherapy (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI 1.22–3.20); radiation (AOR = 2.33, 95 % CI 1.50–3.63); early-use: receipt of surgery (AOR = 2.03, 95 % CI 1.30–3.17); chemotherapy (AOR = 1.90, 95 % CI 1.20–3.03); radiation (AOR = 1.73, 95 % CI 1.14–2.63)]. No racial variations in use of AHT among women with HR+ breast cancers insured by Medicaid in South Carolina were identified, but overall rates of AHT use by these women is low. Strategies to improve overall use of AHT should include targeting breast cancer patients who do not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation.
65 A SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF EXERCISE TRAINING OUTCOMES ON COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED AND COGNITIVELY INTACT OLDER ADULTS.

Background It is suggested that persons with lower levels of cognition are less likely to achieve independence in ADLs and ambulation (Wells et al, 2003). Frequently, nursing home residents are viewed as too frail or cognitively impaired to benefit from exercise rehabilitation. Often, persons with a Mini Mental State Examination score (MMSE) score below 25 are excluded from rehabilitation programs. Diamond et al (1996) and Goldstein (1997) concluded that geriatric patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment were just as likely as the cognitively intact patients to improve in functional abilities as results of participation in exercise rehabilitation. Objectives To compare by meta-analysis method endurance and strength outcomes of cognitively impaired (CI) (MMSE ≤ 24) and cognitively intact (IN) (MMSE ≥ 25) older adults that participate in similar exercise trials. Data Sources Published articles were identified by using electronic and manual searches. Key search words included exercise, rehabilitation, cognitive impairment, MMSE, geriatrics. Study Selection Evidence from RCTs or well-designed control studies. Preliminary Data Synthesis A total of 36 trials met the inclusion criteria. We examined 17 exercise trials with CI individuals and 19 with intact individuals based on the MMSE score. Moderate to large effect sizes (ES) (ES = dw i , Hedges g i ) were found for strength and endurance outcomes for the CI groups (dw i = .70, Effects = 33, 95% CI =. 58-.83), and for the IN (dw i = .65, Effects = 25, 95% CI = .55-.74). No statistical significant difference was found between group effects (t = 1.434, DF = 56, p =. 263). Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that CI older adults that participate in exercise rehabilitation programs have similar strength and endurance outcomes as IN participants.
Care Coordination for Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Longitudinal Study of Parent Perspectives and Acute Care Utilization.

Introduction Care coordination (CC), a core element of the medical home, has the potential to reduce fragmented care and improve patient experience for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). This study aimed to (1) assess CC for pediatric SCD and (2) determine its association with acute care utilization—emergency department encounters and hospitalizations. It was hypothesized that CC would reduce acute care utilization. Methods A longitudinal study of 101 children with SCD was conducted. Parents completed a survey instrument on enrollment. Utilization chart review was conducted 9 months post survey. Outcome variables were emergency department encounters and hospitalizations. Independent variables were parent-reported CC, satisfaction with communication between healthcare providers, and satisfaction with communication between healthcare providers and non-medical providers (e.g., schools, child care centers). Multivariate negative binomial regression was conducted to assess associations between CC and acute care utilization. Data were collected in 2011–2013 and analyzed in 2015. Results One third of children had emergency department encounters and 30% had hospitalizations. At enrollment, 25% of parents reported receiving CC help and 20% reported need for extra CC. Most parents were satisfied with communication between physicians but only two thirds were satisfied with communication between their healthcare providers and non-medical providers. No significant associations were found between CC measures and acute care utilization. Conclusions Although parents report multiple CC deficiencies, no associations were found between CC and acute care utilization. Population-based studies are warranted to more definitively determine the association between CC and acute care utilization for children with SCD.
ω Production in pp → pp π + π − π 0 at 6.6 GeV/ c

We present a study of the $3\ensuremath{\pi}$ system in $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pp}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ at 6.6 GeV/c. Both $\ensuremath{\eta}(549)$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}(783)$ production are observed. The Dalitz plot is displayed for the $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\omega}$ events, in addition to several other experimental distributions. There is no evidence for $p\ensuremath{\omega}$ resonances. The $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\omega}$ events have been assigned separately to the six possible multiperipheral diagrams on the basis of criteria in the four-momentum transfers and c.m. longitudinal momenta, respectively. In addition, we discuss the means of achieving an effective diagram separation.
Specificity and the interpretation of quantifiers

Specificity has been defined in the linguistic literature according to two different criteria: one corresponding to Quine's opaque and transparent contexts, and the other to criteria closely related to Donellan's referential/attributive distinction. The paper argues that only the former definition is a semantic one since it alone manifests linguistic correlates. The meaning changes involving referential/attributive factors are pragmatic in nature. In the concluding section is is argued that the semantics of specificity is completely independent of the relative scope interpretation of an indefinite noun phrase in relation to other quantified nouns in the sentence. This is demonstrated using sentences which contain an indefinite interacting with both an opaque operator and a second quantifier. It is shown that such sentences can be four ways ambiguous.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cerebrovascular Disease.

Diseases of the cerebral vasculature represent a heterogeneous group of ischemic and hemorrhagic etiologies, which often manifest clinically as an acute neurologic deficit also known as stroke or less commonly with symptoms such as headache or seizures. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and is a leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Eighty-seven percent of strokes are ischemic, 10% are due to intracerebral hemorrhage, and 3% are secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The past two decades have seen significant developments in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic causes of stroke with advancements in CT and MRI technology and novel treatment devices and techniques. Multiple different imaging modalities can be used in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. The different imaging modalities all have their own niches and their own advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Porous tantalum femoral metaphyseal cones for large femoral bone defects in revision total knee arthroplasty

Overview Introduction The use of porous tantalum metaphyseal cones provides reliable metaphyseal support and fixation to help restore the joint line in difficult revision total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in patients with large femoral bone defects. Indications & Contraindications Step 1: Preoperative Planning Adequate preoperative radiographs are important to determine the approximate size of the femoral bone defect prior to surgery. Step 2: Incision and Exposure Adequate exposure during revision knee surgery is key for the safe removal of implants and to minimize bone loss. Step 3: Component Removal It is essential to disrupt the prosthesis-cement interface before attempting to extract well-fixed components. Step 4: Establishing a Tibial Platform The first step in revision knee reconstruction is to establish a stable tibial platform. Step 5: Reconstruction of the Femur Restoring the joint line and posterior condylar offset are the goals of femoral reconstruction. Step 6: Intraoperative Assessment of Femoral Bone Loss Thoroughly assess the quality, quantity, and location of the remaining cancellous and cortical bone to determine the proper technique for reconstruction. Step 7: Selecting the Appropriate Metaphyseal Cone and Shaping the Femoral Metadiaphysis for the Femoral Cone There are different sizes and shapes of metaphyseal cones that can be used when addressing large femoral bone defects. Step 8: Implanting the Actual Porous Metaphyseal Cone During the final impaction of the femoral metaphyseal cone, take care to not cause a fracture. Step 9: Final Trial and Cementing of the Final Stemmed Femoral Component Place the final stemmed femoral component through the metaphyseal cone and cement it into place. Step 10: Postoperative Protocol If a stable construct was achieved, the patient may bear weight as tolerated with no specific restrictions on range of motion. Results We recently performed a retrospective review of the midterm outcomes at mean of 5 years (range, 2 to 10 years) after 159 consecutive revision TKAs with a porous metal femoral metaphyseal cone in 157 patients with large bone defects 4 . Pitfalls & Challenges
Exploring the link between parental social control for physical activity and relationship quality

Parental social control (SC) has been associated with children and adolescents' physical activity behavior (Wilson & Spink, 2011). SC reflects ones regulatory attempts to prompt or persuade another to perform a desired behavior (Lewis & Butterfield, 2005). In adults, SC attempts also have been associated with relationship satisfaction (Reich & Olmsted, 2007). As such, this study explored the relationship between perceptions of parental SC and parents' and children's perceptions of relationship quality. Thirty dyads consisting of one parent (24 mothers & 6 fathers) and one child (15 girls & 17 boys, aged 8-15years) completed an online questionnaire that asked about the social control the parents exerted (Wilson & Spink, 2010) and the parent-child relationship quality (Hair et al., 2008). Actor, Partner Independence Models (Kashy & Kenny, 2000) were specified using multilevel modeling (Cook & Kenny, 2005). Relationship quality was the outcome variable and a separate model was performed for each of the SC types (positive, collaborative and negative). Findings from the model with positive SC revealed that neither the actor or partner effects were significant (ps >0.1) suggesting that positive SC use was unrelated to relationship quality. For collaborative SC, a partner effect approached significance (b=0.14, p=0.1). Parents who perceived higher collaborative SC had children who perceived higher relationship quality. For negative SC, there was a significant actor effect for the child such that when children perceived more negative SC, they reported a lower relationship quality (b=-0.14, p=0.01). These findings provide some support for the link between SC and relationship quality.
Do Patients Access Appropriate Information Online

Health care providers should be aware of information available on the Internet to ensure proper patient care. The current analysis assesses the reliability, quality, and readability of internet information describing rhytidectomy. Previously validated survey instruments to assess the reliability, quality, and readability of online websites describing rhytidectomy were used. An internet search using Google with the search term “facelift” was conducted. The first 50 search results were reviewed, and 36 were deemed appropriate to be included in this analysis. Websites were divided based on type of authorship into professional organization, academic, physician based, and unidentified. The validated DISCERN instrument was used to determine reliability, quality, and overall rating of each site. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) were used to measure readability. A 1 to 3 point scale was used to rate websites, with a higher number indicating a website that possessed either greater reliability or greater quality. Mean scores for reliability ranged from 1.7 (±0.99) in the academic group to 2.0 (±0.12) in the unidentified group. Mean scores for quality ranged from 1.5 (±0.13) in the unidentified group to 1.7 (±0.38) in the physician-based group. The highest overall rating was 1.4 (±0.22 and ± 0.31, respectively) in the unidentified and physician-based groups. The lowest overall rating was 1 (±0.58) in the academic group. FRESs ranged from 21.6 to 74.6. FKGLs ranged from 6.9 to 13.9. Information available online regarding rhytidectomy may be significantly deficient in reliability, quality, and readability. These deficiencies are present in articles with all types of author affiliations. This underscores the clinicians' duty to provide patients with high-quality information at an adequate level of comprehension.
Hallucination and intervention

ABSTRACTThis paper uses the referent of the hallucination as a way to move with and then past the role of images in intervention. It is used for two purposes. First, it calls our attention to how often those advocating intervention refer not to images and what we can see (but disagree over), but rather to what is not seen. A second purpose is analytical. I engage research on hallucinations at the individual level, link this to research on interventions and provide three conceptual bridges relating to hallucinations in international relations – images and their visual political contestations, trauma and generational experiences. I also present three examples of hallucination common to International Relations studies – counterfactuals, simulations and scenarios. This paper thus deploys the concept of ‘hallucination’ to contextualize, recast and interrogate interventions.
Variations in Hospice Utilization and Length of Stay for Medicare Patients With Melanoma

Abstract Context Timely hospice referral is an indicator of high-quality end-of-life care for cancer patients. Variations in patient characteristics associated with hospice utilization and length of stay have been demonstrated in studies of other malignancies but not melanoma. Objectives We sought to understand hospice utilization and patient characteristics associated with variability in use for the older melanoma population. Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database to identify 13,393 melanoma patients aged 65+ years at time of diagnosis between 2000 and 2009, who died by 12/31/10. The primary outcome was enrollment in hospice with secondary outcome of hospice duration. Patient characteristics associated with variations in hospice enrollment were examined. Results Among 13,393 patients who died with melanoma, 5298 (40%) received hospice care. Of these, 17% were enrolled in hospice for three days or less, while 13% had ≥90 days of hospice care. Despite improvements over time in the proportion of patients who received hospice and those who received at least 90 days of hospice care, late hospice enrollments did not change. Multivariable analysis revealed that patients of older age, with distant disease at time of diagnosis, and residing in rural areas or in census tracts with higher rates of high school completion were more likely to enroll in hospice. Conclusion Rates of hospice enrollment increased over time but remained under accepted quality benchmarks with variations evident in those who receive hospice services. Efforts to increase access to earlier hospice care for all patients dying with melanoma are essential.
Intimate partner violence perpetration corresponds to a dorsal-ventral gradient in medial PFC reactivity to interpersonal provocation

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration is often preceded by perceived interpersonal provocations such as slights, insults, and rejections. Yet the neural mechanisms that link provocation to IPV remain unclear. In the context of interactions with strangers, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been repeatedly shown to respond to provocation, with more dorsal activation associated with more aggressive reactions and more ventral activation associated with less aggressive reactions. We used functional brain imaging to test whether this dorsal-ventral MPFC reactivity gradient would also correlate with greater aggression towards an unexamined target: intimate partners. To do so, 61 undergraduates (27.87% male, age range: 18-22) reported whether they had ever committed various acts of IPV perpetration (e.g., punching, hitting, shoving) and then were repeatedly provoked by a stranger while undergoing functional MRI (fMRI) scanning. Individuals with a disproportionately dorsal, rather than ventral, MPFC response were more likely to have perpetrated IPV and had perpetrated more kinds of IPV, even when controlling for gender. These findings provide further evidence that the dorsal-ventral MPFC gradient is a critical, biological indicator of whether an individual is more or less likely to react aggressively and suggest new avenues for understanding and potentially preventing IPV perpetration.
Chemicals in the Environment, Turbulent Transport

It is fairly safe to state that, except for flow through porous media, the environment experiences turbulent flow. To emphasize this point, the constriction of a water flow or airflow that would be required will be considered to have the other option, laminar flow.
Central-Bank Interest-Rate Control in a Cashless, Arrow-Debreu Economy

A pure-exchange, competitive economy with date-specific units of account is studied. It differs from the standard pure-exchange model in having unit-of-account endowments. For such an economy, conditions are given for an outside agent, a central bank, to be able to control the nominal rate of interest. It can do so provided it has positive unit-of-account endowments. A more general outside agent that has a positive endowment of some good and positive unit-of-account endowments can select the time path of the price level.
Technology of Shockwave Lithotripsy

Shockwave lithotripsy was the result of a technical breakthrough by aerospace engineers at Dornier. Since then, the urologie treatment of stone disease has undergone a complete transformation from a field defined by open surgery to one defined by minimally invasive techniques.
Application of Animated Graphics in Large Scale Mechanical System Dynamics

A computerized method for response post-processing in dynamic analysis of mechanical systems is presented. The transient response from planar and spatial dynamic analysis programs are processed. Output in print, plot, single-frame and animated graphics can be obtained.Several methods for generating animated graphic displays are reviewed.
Precision Planting and Crop Thinning

Historically, the management of inputs to crop production, especially seed, on agricultural lands has been controlled by humans using “field-average” practices. This chapter presents an overview of technology, available today and in the near term, that is altering the accuracy and precision of seed singulation and placement during planting. Increasingly, the cost of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and biological and chemical seed treatments demands high-level accuracy and precision in seeding operations. Alternately, when it is impractical to singulate individual seeds because of seed size or shape, producers may choose to overseed a crop and then thin the resulting stand to achieve an optimal stand. In either event several enabling technologies are available to enhance the likelihood of success. Characteristics of the precision planting systems (tractor and planter combination) of the future will change in three key areas, including (1) precision seed meters and methodologies that deliver and position seed within the furrow, (2) individual row stepper motor drives that index seed placement in accordance with distance traveled, and (3) seed metering capabilities that support seeding of multiple varieties/hybrids within one field.
Rethinking historical practice and community engagement: researching together with ‘youth historians’

This essay describes a yearlong public history collaboration between graduate students, a faculty member, and local public high school students collectively producing original scholarship on a topi...
Seeing Things for the First Time: A Personal Narrative on Technology in Music Education Research

Numbers make me feel comfortable. I can remember them, I can process them, and I can understand what the results of working with them might mean. I can make sense of numbers because, far more often than not, they give me answers. But as I have progressed in my research career, I have wondered on occasion if answers are really what I want. Do I just want more questions? Shouldn’t good research lead us to wonder even more about the subject?
Phase II neoadjuvant and immunologic study of B7-H3 targeting with enoblituzumab in localized intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer.

TPS5099Background: B7-H3 is part of the B7 superfamily and is an immune checkpoint expressed on multiple tumor types. B7-H3 inhibition limits tumor growth by enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte functi...
A Multimodal Approach to Understanding Human Vocal Expressions and Beyond

Human verbal and nonverbal expressions carry crucial information not only about intent but also emotions, individual identity, and the state of health and wellbeing. From a basic science perspective, understanding how such rich information is encoded in these signals can illuminate underlying production mechanisms including the variability therein, within and across individuals. From a technology perspective, finding ways for automatically processing and decoding this complex information continues to be of interest across a variety of applications. The convergence of sensing, communication and computing technologies is allowing access to data, in diverse forms and modalities, in ways that were unimaginable even a few years ago. These include data that afford the multimodal analysis and interpretation of the generation of human expressions. The first part of the talk will highlight advances that allow us to perform investigations on the dynamics of vocal production using real-time imaging and audio modeling to offer insights about how we produce speech and song with the vocal instrument. The second part of the talk will focus on the production of vocal expressions in conjunction with other signals from the face and body especially in encoding affect. The talk will draw data from various domains notably in health to illustrate some of the applications.
Iron/heme metabolism-targeted gallium(III) nanoparticles are active against extracellular and intracellular pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii

Iron/heme acquisition systems are critical for microorganisms to acquire iron from the human host, where iron sources are limited due to the nutritional immune system and insolubility of the ferric form of iron. Prior work has shown that a variety of gallium compounds can interfere with bacterial iron acquisition. This study explored the intra- and extracellular antimicrobial activities of gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP), gallium mesoporphyrin (GaMP), and nanoparticles encapsulating GaPP or GaMP against the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, including clinical isolates. All P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to GaPP and GaMP, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to ∼32 μg/ml in iron-depleted medium. Significant intra- and extracellular growth inhibition was observed against P. aeruginosa cultured in macrophages at a gallium concentration of 3.3 μg/ml (5 μM) of all Ga(III) compounds, including nanoparticles. Nanoparticle formulations showed prolonged activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in previously infected macrophages. When the macrophages were loaded with the nanoparticles 3 days prior to infection, there was a 5-fold decrease in growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of single emulsion F127 copolymer nanoparticles encapsulating GaMP (eFGaMP). In addition, all Ga(III) porphyrins and nanoparticles showed significant intracellular and antibiofilm activity against both pathogens, with the nanoparticles exhibiting intracellular activity for 3 days. Ga nanoparticles also increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes infected by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Our results demonstrate that Ga nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro and in vivo activities against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, including disruption of their biofilms.
Differences in Human Leukocyte Antigen Expression Between Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Patients and the General Population

BACKGROUND Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon T-cell lymphoma associated with textured-surface breast implants. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been described with other forms of lymphoma, but have not been described for BIA-ALCL. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate HLA polymorphisms in BIA-ALCL patients. METHODS We prospectively evaluated HLA alleles in patients with BIA-ALCL. HLA was analyzed by probe-based sequence-specific testing and sequence-based typing. The frequencies of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 alleles were evaluated. Allele frequencies in the Caucasian European general population were obtained from the National Marrow Donor Program to serve as normative controls. We estimated the relative risk of BIA-ALCL with 95% confidence intervals from a t test. RESULTS Thirteen patients who had undergone BIA-ALCL and HLA testing were identified from 2017 to 2018. Patients carried 10, 11, and 9 HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C alleles, respectively. There were 8 DRB1 alleles and 5 DQB1 alleles in the BIA-ALCL patients. The A*26 allele occurred significantly more frequently in the general population compared with BIA-ALCL patients (0.2992 vs 0.07692, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results identify a difference between HLA A*26 in patients who develop BIA-ALCL and the general population, and may signify genetic susceptibility factors responsible for germline genetic variation in HLA in patients with BIA-ALCL. Further work is needed to elucidate if these alleles are predictive for BIA-ALCL in women with textured-surface breast implants.Level of Evidence: 4.
Exemplification and Stigmatization of the Depressed: Depression as the Main Topic versus an Incidental Topic in National US News Coverage.

To understand the associations between the use of exemplars and other communication themes known to contribute to the stigmatization of the depressed, we conducted a content analysis of news storie...
Molecular dysregulation of ciliary polycystin-2 channels caused by variants in the TOP domain

Genetic variants in PKD2 which encodes for the polycystin-2 ion channel are responsible for many clinical cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Despite our strong understanding of the genetic basis of ADPKD, we do not know how most variants impact channel function. Polycystin-2 is found in organelle membranes, including the primary cilium-an antennae-like structure on the luminal side of the collecting duct. In this study, we focus on the structural and mechanistic regulation of polycystin-2 by its TOP domain-a site with unknown function that is commonly altered by missense variants. We use direct cilia electrophysiology, cryogenic electron microscopy, and superresolution imaging to determine that variants of the TOP domain finger 1 motif destabilizes the channel structure and impairs channel opening without altering cilia localization and channel assembly. Our findings support the channelopathy classification of PKD2 variants associated with ADPKD, where polycystin-2 channel dysregulation in the primary cilia may contribute to cystogenesis.
Chapter 1 – Pharmacology: The Chemical Control of Physiology

This chapter discusses how drug response is quantified with dose–response curve and how this leads to classifications of drugs based on effect (ie, drugs that produce observed change in cellular processes are termed agonists and those that block such effects are antagonists). The dependence of observed potency of an agonist upon two drug-related parameters (affinity and efficacy) and two cell-dependent parameters (target density and efficiency of target coupling) is also discussed. The way that different tissues process drug stimulus to provide tissue response is considered, along with the null method which can be used to negate cell-dependent effects on drug activity to provide system-independent indices of drug activity. This is imperative in pharmacology as drugs are almost always studied in test systems, and not in therapeutic one(s).
Psychopharmacologic Management of Psychiatric Syndromes in the Critically Ill

Skill in the appraisal and evaluation of the cerebrocortical functions of attention, perception, conception, orientation, and memory as well as of attitudes, feelings, and behavioral tendencies of the ill or injured person is becoming part of the comprehensive-care approach of the staffs of critical care units. They have come to recognize that either extremes of overwhelming anxiety or abject depression are danger signals interacting with a precarious balance of forces in their severely ill patients[11].
Ricci fall-off in static and stationary, globally hyperbolic, non-singular spacetimes

What restrictions are there on a spacetime for which the Ricci curvature is such as to produce convergence of geodesics (such as the preconditions for the singularity theorems) but for which there are no singularities? We answer this question for a restricted class of spacetimes: static or stationary, geodesically complete, and globally hyperbolic. The answer is that, in at least one spacelike direction, the Ricci curvature must fall off (in a generalized manner of speaking) at a rate inversely quadratic in a naturally-occurring Riemannian metric on the space of stationary observers. Along the way, we establish some global results on the stationary observer space, regarding its completeness and its behaviour with respect to universal covering spaces; we also define a new geometric invariant for stationary spacetimes, related to causal behaviour (among other things).
‘Bout Time! Renegotiating the Body in Roller Derby

In this study, we examined the relation of participation in an alternative sport (i.e., Roller Derby) in the U.S. to women’s body image, gender role and self-esteem. Roller Derby (n = 64) and non-Roller Derby (n = 129) women participated; the majority of the women (59.4 to 77.7 %) were from Texas though participants also were drawn from 14 other states across the U.S. All the women completed quantitative measures of body esteem, self-esteem, and gender characteristics; the athletes also provided qualitative responses to questions about their Roller Derby persona, self-esteem, dress, and motivation. In both groups, self-esteem was related to endorsing more instrumental characteristics as well as with greater satisfaction with sexual attractiveness, weight, and physical condition. The Roller Derby women’s endorsement of instrumental, as opposed to expressive, characteristics was related significantly to all three dimensions of body esteem. Roller Derby women endorsed more instrumental characteristics and were more satisfied with their weight and physical condition than the non-Roller Derby women; both groups reported generally high and similar levels of self-esteem and did not differ significantly on their satisfaction with their sexual attractiveness. Roller Derby challenges traditional hegemonic notions of masculinity/femininity and negates the idea of the female body as passive sex object. As a sport, Roller Derby may provide an alternate system of body evaluation based on functionality, rather than appearance. This alternative perspective may empower women who traditionally are seen as overweight and unfeminine in today’s society, thereby instilling a more positive body image and instrumental view of themselves as athletes.
SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THALLIUM CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS - A REVIEW

We review the single crystal growth and characterization of thallium cuprate superconductors. Reasonably large crystals (several mm size) have been grown by self-flux technique and KCl-flux methods. The anisotropic resistivities Pab (along ab-plane) and Pc (along c-axis) were measured for all double-Tl-O compounds by Montgomery method. Pc is found to be 2 orders of magnitude greater than Pab for all of these samples. Hence, these systems have high anisotropy. The paraconductivity data shows that Tl-2201 is a two-dimensional superconductor whereas Tl-2212 has a two-dimensional behavior at higher temperatures and some samples showed crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional at 6 degrees above Tc of 101 K. Hall data, annealing effects on different Tl systems, irradiation effects and pressure dependence of Tc are reported.
Cascaded ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons

An ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons has been realized using type-II phase matching in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in two cascaded crystals. The optical axes of the crystals are aligned in such a way that the extraordinarily (ordinarily) polarized cone from one crystal overlaps with the ordinarily (extraordinarily) polarized cone from the second crystal. This spatial overlapping removes the association between the polarization and the output angle of the photons that exists in a single type-II down-conversion process. Hence, entanglement of photon pairs originating from any conjugate points on the output cones is possible if a suitable optical delay line is used. This delay line is particularly simple and easy to implement.
An interpretation of artwork by children from violent homes : Agnes Wohl and Bobbie Kaufman (New York: Brunner/Mazel. 1985, 192 pages. $25)

Abstract Six year old Lorraine has spent all the years of her young life witnessing the episodic, severe beatings her father has inflicted on her mother. Lorraine's father began abusing her mother within the first year of their marriage. He has punched her in the head and chest, choked her with his hands, her bra, and her stockings, shoved her, and even shot at her with a rifle. He is an active alcoholic who drinks several bottles of vodka daily. Lorraine's way of coping with this environment has been to hide in a closet, whimpering.
Early English Empiricism and the Work of Catharine Trotter Cockburn

This article examines the work of the seventeenth-century thinker Catharine Trotter Cockburn with an eye toward explication of her trenchant empiricism, and the foundations upon which it rested. It is argued that part of the originality of Cockburn's work has to do with her consistent line of thought with regard to evidence from the senses and the process of abstract conceptualization; in this she differed strongly from some of her contemporaries. The work of Martha Brandt Bolton and Fidelis Morgan is cited, and there is an auxiliary argument to the effect that Cockburn is probably better known as a playwright than she is as a philosophical thinker.