cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Periodontal Disease in Men With Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy as treatment for prostate cancer are at greater risk for periodontitis and tooth loss.Materials and Methods: A total of 81 men with a mean age of 68.5 years who had prostate cancer were consecutively recruited among 325 enrolled in an academic osteoporosis study. Of these men 68 were eligible to participate in the research. The prevalence of periodontal disease in 41 men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation for a mean of 1.5 years was compared to that in 27 with prostate cancer not undergoing androgen deprivation, who served as controls. The prevalence of periodontal disease was examined in relation to bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer with and without androgen deprivation therapy. A periodontist (PF) blinded to androgen deprivation status recorded probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding, plaque scores, gingival recession, missing teeth and calculus. Logistic regression models were ...
Some Problematic Aspects of Communication in Cross Racial Research in the United States

I don't know whether the interview fragment reproduced above actually occurred. I have no difficulty in believing that it could have. My informant claimed that it actually occurred during an interview in the Bay Area-with a white, working class respond ent. Social scientists have long been aware of the risks in attempt ing to find out things from people simply by asking them. There is some question whether most past attempts to resolve problems in the ethnography of interrogation have been sufficiently successful. More particularly, how much confidence can we have in some research based on powerful statistical analyses of responses from large numbers of respondents? There is, moreover, reason to be skeptical even of some findings which result from intensive work with small numbers of informants; this is true even in research where there is reason to believe that the researchers have gained the confidence of their informants. In two recent papers I have attempted: (1) to suggest to sociologists some of the ways in which language data (particularly speech behavior) can help sociologists to ask better questions-and obtain better answers-about such things as social conflict and social control (Grimshaw, 1969b) and; (2) to outline some of the ways in which the failure to take language and speech behavior into account can invalidate social research which might otherwise be very valuable (Grimshaw, 1969a). The second article (on the
Case report: MRI of splenic hemangioma associated with thrombocytopenia

In contrast to the only previously published description, the magnetic resonance appearance of a splenic hemangioma was markedly heterogeneous on T2-weighted images due to extensive infarction and large vascular pools. Magnetic resonance images correlated precisely with the pathological findings. The hemangioma caused thrombocytopenia, a well-documented albeit rare hematologic phenomenon associated with visceral hemangioma.
Modeling and dynamics of the inward-facing state of a Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporter homologue.

The leucine transporter (LeuT) has recently commanded exceptional attention due mainly to two distinctions; it provides the only crystal structures available for a protein homologous to the pharmacologically relevant neurotransmitter: sodium symporters (NSS), and, it exhibits a hallmark 5-TM inverted repeat (“LeuT-fold”), a fold recently discovered to also exist in several secondary transporter families, underscoring its general role in transporter function. Constructing the transport cycle of “LeuT-fold” transporters requires detailed structural and dynamic descriptions of the outward-facing (OF) and inward-facing (IF) states, as well as the intermediate states. To this end, we have modeled the structurally unknown IF state of LeuT, based on the known crystal structures of the OF state of LeuT and the IF state of vSGLT, a “LeuT-fold” transporter. The detailed methodology developed for the study combines structure-based alignment, threading, targeted MD and equilibrium MD, and can be applied to other proteins. The resulting IF-state models maintain the secondary structural features of LeuT. Water penetration and solvent accessibility calculations show that TM1, TM3, TM6 and TM8 line the substrate binding/unbinding pathway with TM10 and its pseudosymmetric partner, TM5, participating in the extracellular and intracellular halves of the lumen, respectively. We report conformational hotspots where notable changes in interactions occur between the IF and OF states. We observe Na2 exiting the LeuT-substrate- complex in the IF state, mainly due to TM1 bending. Inducing a transition in only one of the two pseudosymmetric domains, while allowing the second to respond dynamically, is found to be sufficient to induce the formation of the IF state. We also propose that TM2 and TM7 may be facilitators of TM1 and TM6 motion. Thus, this study not only presents a novel modeling methodology applied to obtain the IF state of LeuT, but also describes structural elements involved in a possibly general transport mechanism in transporters adopting the “LeuT-fold”.
Sleep and dreams in Vietnam PTSD and depression

The present study compares the sleep and dreams of three groups of subjects: 1) Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression, 2) veterans with depression alone, and 3) veterans with neither PTSD nor depression (i.e., normal controls). Sleep recordings indicate only one significant difference between the PTSD/depressed and depressed alone groups: sleep latency was prolonged in the depressed alone patients compared with the other two groups. The two patient groups differed from controls in the manner already reported for depressed patients (decreased REM latency, increased REM density, reduced total sleep time, reduced sleep efficiency), with some of the differences significant only at the trend level. Dreams were obtained from REM awakenings. Dream recall rate and report length did not differ between groups. Mean anxiety level in dreams was less than 1 (mild) for all three groups, with major depression patients scoring significantly higher than controls. Dreams of PTSD/depressed patients were significantly less likely to be set in the present than dreams of the other two groups.
Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistant rickets: Molecular basis and implications for the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal physiology

Cette revue considere les donnees recentes concernant le syndrome du rachitisme hereditaire (HVDRR) et notamment les caracteristiques physiologiques et genetiques des recepteurs de la vitamine D
The Influence of Education and Exercise on Neck Pain

Neck pain is a significant contributor to worldwide disability and poses a considerable financial burden to its stakeholders. The prognosis for chronic neck pain is generally poor, and the associated disability seems to be more persistent than low back pain. It has been suggested that the goals of a rehabilitation program are to maximize return to function, limit progression of degenerative changes, and prevent further injury. The variety of treatment options can make it difficult for clinicians to agree on the most effective treatment intervention. This article reviews noninvasive treatment considerations for patients with neck pain. Exercise-based interventions, including aerobic conditioning, stretching, and strengthening, are addressed. Moreover, concepts related to education are covered, including the effects of posture and ergonomic counseling.
Positive Ion-Molecule Reactions in OCS/Hydrocarbon Mixtures,

Abstract : The positive ion-molecule reactions of OCS have been investigated in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. A variety of reactions in OCS/hydrocarbon mixtures have been investigated for C1-C4 hydrocarbons which are alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The formation of organosulfur ions is found in reactions in OCS/hydrocarbon (Cn) mixtures with n4. Formation of organo-sulfur ions is observed from hydrocarbon ions reacting with OCS and OCS+ and S+ reacting with the hydrocarbons. The proton affinty of OCS has been determined to be 168 + or - 5 kcal/mol while that of CS2 is measured to be 179 + or - kcal/mol. Comparison with the proton affinity of CO2 shows that the proton affinity increases as sulfur is substitued for oxygen. (Author)
Foreign exchange market prediction with multiple classifiers

Foreign exchange market prediction is attractive and challenging. According to the efficient market and random walk hypotheses, market prices should follow a random walk pattern and thus should not be predictable with more than about 50% accuracy. In this article, we investigate the predictability of foreign exchange spot rates of the US dollar against the British pound to show that not all periods are equally random. We used the Hurst exponent to select a period with great predictability. Parameters for generating training patterns were determined heuristically by auto-mutual information and false nearest-neighbor methods. Some inductive machine-learning classifiers—artificial neural network, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and naive Bayesian classifier—were then trained with these generated patterns. Through appropriate collaboration of these models, we achieved a prediction accuracy of up to 67%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Odor identification: The blind are better

Twenty sighted and twenty blind adults, 19 to 66 years of age, participated in tests of olfactory sensitivity to n-butyl alcohol and of identification of 80 everyday odors. The blind had poorer absolute sensitivity, but outperformed the sighted at identification. Age proved an important factor in the comparison; more than half the variance in identification within each group was ascribable to an age-related decline.
ATYPICAL ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA: A TOUGH CALL

Most gynecologists determine therapy based on current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endometrial hyperplasia. Endometrioid neoplastic lesions of the endometrium are thought to follow a continuum of histologically distinguishable lesions ranging from endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, to endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (AEH), to well-differentiated carcinoma. Because it is thought to be a precursor lesion to invasive carcinoma, one accepted treatment option for AEH is hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy. However, many clinicians and patients have attempted conservative hormonal management, either to preserve fertility in younger women, or to avoid hysterectomy in women with serious comorbidities, or simply to avoid surgery among women who did not wish to undergo surgery if at all possible. GOG167A was a prospective cohort study including 306 women with a community diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, 302 of which had evaluable specimens. Its initial purpose was to estimate the rate of concurrent carcinoma in women with a tissue diagnosis of AEH. Study patients underwent hysterectomy within 12 weeks of entry onto protocol, without interval treatment. Diagnostic biopsy slides and subsequent hysterectomy material were reviewed by a panel of GOG pathologists. Reproducibility of the community diagnosis of AEH was poor (38%). Both under diagnosis and over diagnosis were common. The rate of concurrent carcinomas in the hysterectomy specimens was 43%. Better criteria and better sampling are needed to improve the reproducibility of this diagnosis. A new classification system which is biologically meaningful, predictive of the lesion in the endometrium, and highly reproducible within the general community of diagnostic pathologists is needed but may not be achievable based on morphologic characteristics alone. For now, when considering management strategies for a biopsy diagnosis of AEH, clinicians and patients should take into account the considerable rate of concurrent carcinoma.
Resident Memory T Cells (TRM) Are Abundant in Human Lung: Diversity, Function, and Antigen Specificity

Recent studies have shown that tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical to antiviral host defense in peripheral tissues. This new appreciation of TRM that reside in epithelial tissues and mediate host defense has been studied most extensively in skin: adult human skin contains large numbers of functional TRM that express skin specific markers. Indeed, more than twice as many T cells reside in skin as in peripheral blood. This T cell population has a diverse T cell receptor repertoire, and can produce a broad array of cytokines. More recently, we have begun to examine other epithelial tissues for the presence of resident T cells. In the present study, we asked whether analogous populations of resident T cells could be found in human lung. We were able to demonstrate abundant resident T cells in human lung-more than 10 billion T cells were present. Lung T cells were largely of the effector memory T cell (TEM) phenotype, though small numbers of central memory T cells (TCM) and T regulatory cells (Treg) could be identified. Lung T cells had a diverse T cell receptor repertoire and subsets produced IL-17, IL-4, IFNγ, as well as TNFα. A significant number of lung TRM CD4+Th cells produced more than one cytokine, identifying them as “multifunctional” Th1 type cells. Finally, lung TRM, but not TRM resident to skin or T cells from blood, proliferated in response to influenza virus. This work suggests that normal human lung contains large numbers of TRM cells, and these cells are poised to respond to recall antigens previously encountered through lung mucosa. This population of T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and other T cell mediated lung diseases.
Mechanism of phase‐shifted distributed‐feedback laser with linearly chirped grating for stable‐mode operation

A phase‐shifted (PS) distributed‐feedback (DFB) laser with linearly chirped grating (CG) was analyzed using the coupled‐mode equations and rate equations. It was found that the mode instability of a DFB laser was caused by both the lasing‐mode movement and the deterioration of the effective reflectivity spectrum of the corrugated‐grating waveguide caused by the nonuniform carrier distribution under the injection. By suitable arrangement of the chirped factor of the PS‐CG‐DFB laser and the phase‐shift value, PS‐CG‐DFB laser can overcome the effective reflectivity spectrum‐deterioration problem and make the mode more stable under injection.
Effect of nitroglycerin on spinal cord ischemia after thoracic aortic cross-clamping

Background. Thoracic aortic cross-clamping with the use of sodium nitropmsside (SNP) has been shown to cause a decrease in spinal cord perfusion pressure and an increased incidence of paraplegia. Nitroglycerin is frequently used in this setting. This study investigated the effects of nitroglycerin and SNP on spinal cord ischemia. Methods. Three groups of 8 mongrel dogs underwent thoracic aortic cross-clamping for 45 minutes. Proximal pressure was maintained between 95 and 100 mm Hg with SNP, nitroglycerin, or phlebotomy. All animals were neurologically evaluated 24 hours later by a blinded observer, and the findings were confirmed by histopathologic study. Statistical analysis ( p value of less than 0.05) of measured hemodynamic data was by analysis of variance and of Tarlov scores, the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Distal aortic pressures ( p p p p Conclusions. The use of either NTG or SNP was associated with a high incidence of paraplegia. Nitroglycerin appears to be no safer than SNP when used during thoracic aortic cross-clamping.
SPANISH TRANSLATION AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RANGER RICK'S NATURE MAGAZINE

The present study represented the interests of the National Science Foundation, The National Wildlife Federation and Educational Testing Service in instructional materials for students of Hispanic background with limited English language proficiency. The study was designed to (a) evaluate the acceptance, appropriateness, and use of an experimental Spanish edition of Ranger Rick's Nature Magazine; (b) identify similarities and differences in reaction by diverse groups within the Hispanic population; and (c) collect and analyze recommendations from the field test sample for the Spanish edition program materials and services. The findings were based on a large nationwide sample of students that varied on the following characteristics: Hispanic origin (Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban), type of community (urban, suburban, and rural), family socioeconomic status, grade level (four through eight), and level of Spanish and English proficiency. Information also was provided by school administrative and teaching staff. Data were collected by mailed questionnaires and by both interviews and observation at a sample of the study sites. The results indicated that the approach represented by the Spanish edition of Ranger Rick has merit, well serves a variety of pressing educational needs and should be pursued further. Acceptance of the magazine was high for the various ethnic groups represented. Variability within sites, however, reflected differences in students' Spanish competencies, teachers' attitudes and skills, and the particular sociocultural context.
Adolescent Problem Behavior and Problem Driving in Young Adulthood

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among drivers younger than age 35, making problem driving behavior among young drivers a significant public concern. Effective intervention requires a better understanding of the antecedents of problem driving. Problem behavior theory, social control theory, and Kandel’s model of substance use development were used to predict young-adult problem driving (i.e., drug-, drinking-, and risky driving). Using a longitudinal sample of 1,845 young adults, path analysis showed that drinking-driving and drug-driving were predicted by adolescent marijuana use, as well as greater alcohol misuse and tolerance of deviance. Risky driving was predicted by greater alcohol misuse, less cigarette smoking, greater tolerance of deviance, and better school performance during adolescence. These results highlight the qualitative difference between substance-related driving behavior, which is socially proscribed, and risky-driving behavior, which is more normative. Implications...
Bacterial overgrowth and methane production in children with encopresis.

Objectives To assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and methane production in children with encopresis. Study design Radiographic fecal impaction (FI) scores were assessed in children with secondary, retentive encopresis and compared with the breath test results. Breath tests with hypoosmotic lactulose solution were performed in both the study patients (n = 50) and gastrointestinal control subjects (n = 39) groups. Results The FI scores were significantly higher in the patients with encopresis who were methane producers ( P P = .06). Methane was produced in 56% of the patients with encopresis versus 23.1% of the control subjects in the gastrointestinal group ( P P Conclusions Children with FI and encopresis had a higher prevalence of SIBO, elevated basal methane levels, and higher methane production. Methane production was associated with more severe colonic impaction. Further study is needed to determine whether methane production is a primary or secondary factor in the pathogenesis of SIBO and encopresis.
Review of Sensor Placement Strategies for Contamination Warning Systems in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Contamination warning systems (CWSs) are a promising approach for the mitigation of contamination risks in drinking water distribution systems. A critical aspect of the design of a CWS is the strategic placement of online sensors that rapidly detect contaminants. This paper reviews the array of optimization-based sensor placement strategies that have been recently proposed. These strategies are critiqued and several key issues are identified that need to be addressed in future work.
Material and n-p junction characteristics of As- and Sb-implanted SiC

Abstract Single and multiple energy As and Sb implantations were performed into p-type 6H–SiC epitaxial layers at room temperature (RT) and 800°C. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements showed severe implant loss for annealing temperatures >1500°C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling (RBS/C) measurements indicated a high degree of residual lattice damage for RT implantations even after 1600°C annealing while less damage was detected in 800°C implanted samples. Electrical activations (ratios of sheet carrier concentrations to implant doses) of 11 and 20% were measured for 800°C As and Sb implantations annealed at 1500°C, respectively. The Schottky capacitance–voltage profiling measurements indicated substitutional concentrations in the low 1018 cm−3 range for both As and Sb. Based on the experimental data, carrier ionization energies of 130 and 88 meV were estimated for As and Sb donors, respectively. Vertical n–p junction diodes were made by using multiple energy As and Sb implanted epitaxial layers. Elevated temperature As implanted diodes exhibited a room temperature reverse leakage current of ≈8×10−8 A/cm2 with no passivation at −100 V bias and a forward series resistance of 460 Ω.
n−3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms underlying beneficial effects

Dietary n-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are important nutrients through the life cycle. Evidence from observational, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies indicates a beneficial role of n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that the cardioprotective effects of n-3 fatty acids may be attributed to a number of distinct biological effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, blood pressure, platelet function, arterial cholesterol delivery, vascular function, and inflammatory responses.
Body weight status and cardiovascular risk factors in adults by frequency of candy consumption

Limited information is available regarding the impact of candy consumption on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between typical frequency of candy consumption and body weight status and select cardiovascular risk factors among adults in the United States. Using data collected in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), adults were categorized as infrequent (≤ 3 eating occasions [EO]/month), moderate (> 3 EO/month and ≤ 3.5 EO/week), or frequent (> 3.5 EO/week) candy consumers based on the combined frequency of chocolate and other candy consumption over the previous 12 months. Weight and adiposity status were analyzed using logistic regression models, and blood pressure, lipids, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed using linear regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity, and also for additional covariates with potential associations with the outcomes. Appropriate statistical weights were used to yield results generalizable to the US population. Frequency of candy consumption was not associated with the risk of obesity, overweight/obesity, elevated waist circumference, elevated skinfold thickness, blood pressure, low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, or insulin resistance. Increased frequency of candy consumption was associated with higher energy intakes and higher energy adjusted intakes of carbohydrates, total sugars and added sugars, total fat, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), and lower adjusted intakes of protein and cholesterol (p < 0.001). Increased frequency of candy consumption among adults in the United States was not associated with objective measures of adiposity or select cardiovascular risk factors, despite associated dietary differences. Given the cross-sectional study design, however, it cannot be concluded that candy consumption does not cause obesity or untoward levels of cardiovascular risk markers. The lack of an association between frequency of candy consumption and cardiovascular risk factors could be due to reduced intake of candy among the overweight due to dieting or a health professional’s recommendations. Additionally, it is important to note that the analysis was based on frequency of candy consumption and not amount of candy consumed. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the lack of associations between frequency of candy consumption and cardiovascular risk factors.
Intensities of infrared bands in molecular mechanics (MM3)

The MM3 molecular mechanics program calculates a fair representation of vibrational frequencies for molecules. To make this information more useful, a qualitative intensity calculation has been added, as is described herein. Because each bond in the molecule is assigned a dipole moment, and the vibrational amplitudes are known from the frequency calculation, the change in dipole moment corresponding to each normal mode is readily calculated. In some cases a charge flux has to be added empirically for bond stretchings. This relatively simple calculation has been applied to a number of different functional groups, and gives band intensities adequate for dividing the bands into very strong, strong, medium, weak, or very weak (forbidden) categories
Not Another Boring Lecture: Engaging Learners with Active Learning Techniques

Abstract Background Core content in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs is traditionally covered in didactic sessions, despite evidence suggesting that learners do not retain a significant portion of what is taught during lectures. Discussion We describe techniques that medical educators can use when leading teaching sessions to foster engagement and encourage self-directed learning, based on current literature and evidence about learning. Conclusions When these techniques are incorporated, sessions can be effective in delivering core knowledge, contextualizing content, and explaining difficult concepts, leading to increased learning.
Capturing asymmetry in distortion of an RF system using a multislice behavioral model

Baseband effects result in asymmetrical distortion of RF communication signals through the interaction of baseband-related distortion with in-channel distortion. Here, a behavioral model architecture that captures these asymmetries and can be implemented in a variety of circuit and system simulators is presented. The architecture has two or more slices with each slice corresponding to different frequency bands or multiple parallel nonlinear processes. Each slice could comprise any conventional narrow-band functional model. Here, the behavioral model is extracted using AM-AM and AM-PM measurements for the first slice and phase and amplitude measurement of intermodulation components for the second slice.
Review of PSTD methods for transient electromagnetics

In this paper we review the recent development in pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) methods for broadband electromagnetics. Starting from the basic ideas for high-order approximation of spatial derivatives in periodic and non-periodic domains, we will discuss the pseudospectral time-domain methods for Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, some recent time integration schemes for the PSTD methods will be also presented. We will demonstrate these efficient methods with some new results for large scale problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaporization of simulated nuclear waste glass

Abstract Industrial development of glass-forming processes for nuclear waste disposal, particularly borosilicate glasses, requires basic data on glass vaporization thermodynamics. Using special high-temperature mass-spectrometric methods, species partial pressure data have been obtained for a non-radioactive borosilicate process glass containing simulated nuclear waste isotopes. Alkali metaborates were observed to be dominant vapor species and their partial pressures indicate significant transport under likely process conditions. The relative order of significanc of vapor transport of radionuclides was found to be Cs ≳ Re (∼ Tc) > Ru ⪢ Sr. Significant losses by vaporization can also occur during the initial glass-forming process. Decomposition and hydrolysis of the cesium formate starting material appear to be the significant reactions. Detailed thermal decomposition studies indicate that the degradation of cesium formate to yield cesium carbonate involves a complex stepwise pathway. The resultant carbonate releases Cs(g) at a rate up to an order of magnitude higher than for the pure carbonate due to reduction interactions with the carbon produced by formate decomposition.
Use of recombinant interferon to prevent recurrent herpesvirus shedding

Iontophoresis with 6-hydroxydopamine was performed in rabbits previously infected with herpes simplex virus, McKrae strain. Viral shedding into the tear film was significantly decreased by the use of recombinant alpha interferon subtype D given as one drop qid.Interferon was noted in the tear film of rabbits 16–18 hours after the last placement of interferon drops into the inferior cul-de-sac.
Young's modulus of (Cu, Ag)-Sn intermetallics measured by nanoindentation

Reflow of Sn-rich solders on a Cu substrate results in the formation of several Cu–Sn and Ag–Sn intermetallics, which control the properties of the solder joint. Bulk measurement of physical properties, such as Young’s modulus, is problematic and may be affected by porosity and undesired phases. In this paper, we report on the accurate and reliable Young’s modulus values of Cu6Sn5 ,C u 3Sn, and Ag3Sn intermetallics, measured in situ in a solder joint by nanoindentation. The measured values for Cu6Sn5 ,C u 3Sn, and Ag3Sn, were 112.3 ± 5.0, 134.2 ± 6.7, and 78.9 ± 3.7 GPa, respectively. Comparison of these values with limited data in the literature was also conducted and is discussed. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Studies on antimicrobial substance B 44 P (streptovaricin) produced by a strain of actinomycetes. I. Production, extraction and characteristics of substance B 44 P and the identity of the substance with streptovarcin.

An antibiotic substance B44P identical with streptovaricin showed a strong inhibitory activity in vitro, mainly against Gram positive bacteria including Mycobact. tuberculosis. It also inhibited the growth of Sh. sonnei, Sh. boydii and Salm. enteritidis at small doses, but exhibited no activity against fungi. The antibacterial activity was not virtually influenced by the inoculum number of test cells, the medium pH within the range of 5.0-8.5, or human blood serum added to the medium. The mode of activity was considered to be mainly bacteriostatic, while partly bactericidal. Gram negative bacteria such as Sh. boydii and Salm. enteritidis could readily be made resistant to the substance B44P by being transferred through medium containing this antibiotic. On the other hand, Staph. aureus developed resistance slowly step by step. The frequency of naturally resistant mutants were nil in S. enteritidis and Sh. boydii and 1.0-4.6×10-6 in Staph. aureus. No cross resistance was found between the substance B44P and other antibiotics. The substance B44P exhibited low toxicity in mice by single or long-term administration. A dog showed practically no pathologic signs by oral administration of 200 mg/kg/day of the drug for 33 successive days. Another dog, however, which received 500 mg/kg/day, developed some symptoms. Liver, kidney and bone marrow were not considered to be damaged by oral administration of this antibiotic. When orally given, the substance B44P was absorbed and appeared in the blood and the urine quite rapidly. Excretion continued for about a day. Relatively dense distributions of the antibiotic were observed in the livers and stomachs of mice after oral administration.
Arrhythmogenesis Research: A Perspective from Computational Electrophysiology Viewpoint

The mechanisms by which arrhythmias are generated in the heart remains a field of intensive research. Recent advances in computational biology and electrophysiology have enabled researchers to use an alternative tool in the study of arrhythmia mechanisms, the multi-scale modeling and simulation of cardiac arrhythmogenesis at the organ level. This article reviews the recent advances and achievements using this approach.
Structural Features of Nectin-2 (HveB) Required for Herpes Simplex Virus Entry

One step in the process of herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into cells is the binding of viral glycoprotein D (gD) to a cellular receptor. Human nectin-2 (also known as HveB and Prr2), a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, serves as a gD receptor for the entry of HSV-2, variant forms of HSV-1 that have amino acid substitutions at position 25 or 27 of gD (for example, HSV-1/Rid), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV). The gD binding region of nectin-2 is believed to be localized to the N-terminal variable-like (V) Ig domain. In order to identify specific amino acid sequences in nectin-2 that are important for HSV entry activity, chimeric molecules were constructed by exchange of sequences between human nectin-2 and its mouse homolog, mouse nectin-2, which mediates entry of PRV but not HSV-1 or HSV-2. The nectin-2 chimeric molecules were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which normally lack a gD receptor, and tested for cell surface expression and viral entry activity. As expected, chimeric molecules containing the V domain of human nectin-2 exhibited HSV entry activity. Replacement of either of two small regions in the V domain of mouse nectin-2 with amino acids from the equivalent positions in human nectin-2 (amino acids 75 to 81 or 89) transferred HSV-1/Rid entry activity to mouse nectin-2. The resulting chimeras also exhibited enhanced HSV-2 entry activity and gained the ability to mediate wild-type HSV-1 entry. Replacement of amino acid 89 of human nectin-2 with the corresponding mouse amino acid (M89F) eliminated HSV entry activity. These results identify two different amino acid sequences, predicted to lie adjacent to the C′ and C" beta-strands of the V domain, that are critical for HSV entry activity. This region is homologous to the human immunodeficiency virus binding region of CD4 and to the poliovirus binding region of CD155.
Compact volume holographic memory system with rapid acoustooptic addressing

We have developed a compact volume holographic memory system for use in avionics and other applications using a design that incorporates a pair of acoustooptic devices in a spatio-angularly multiplexed design to achieve high data storage capacity and rapid random access to stored data. We describe in detail the design and operation of our compact holographic memory demonstrator and the fixing of holographic gratings in SBN. >
Unique Metadata Schemas: A Model for User-Centric Design of a Performance Support System

Learning object technology is viewed as a method for fast retrieval. This effort is on developing unique schemas for a targeted group to aid efficient retrieval. In this article, I study a user-centric model for developing tags for K-12 educators that is based on user needs, expectations, and problems. I use a combination of techniques from human performance technology and Sensemaking® to gather and analyze data from potential users. The resultant tag set is simple enough that researchers may envision a performance support system where users may quickly and easily tag and add objects to the system. This opens the door to the creation of systems designed for groups with homogenous information needs, with unique metatags, populated largely with objects and information brought into the system by the users.
The Future of Christianity in Latin America

The Christianity of the future in Latin America will remain dominant but now plural and competitive. The decline of Catholic monopoly and the surge of Protestant and Pentecostal churches, visible since the 1980s but with deeper roots, are explained in the context of social, cultural and political changes that have drawn churches into public space in new ways. The impact of democracy, violence, and a newly open civil society on churches and religious life is visible in new ideas about rights and associational life and in the withdrawal of the institutional churches from political confrontation, diversification of political positions and multiplication of voices in all churches.
Repeated Auctions with Bayesian Nonparametric Learning for Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, spectrum access in cognitive radio networks is modeled as a repeated auction game subject to monitoring and entry costs. For secondary users, sensing costs are incurred as the result of primary users' activity. Furthermore, each secondary user pays the cost of transmission upon successful bidding for a channel. Knowledge regarding other secondary users' activity is limited due to the distributed nature of the network. The resulting formulation is thus a dynamic game with incomplete information. To solve such a problem, a Bayesian nonparametric belief update scheme is constructed based on the Dirichlet process. Efficient bidding learning algorithms are proposed via which users can decide whether or not to participate in the bidding according to the belief update. Properties of optimal bidding and initial bidding are proved. As demonstrated through extensive simulations, the proposed distributed scheme outperforms a myopic one-stage algorithm, and can achieve a good trade-off between long-term efficiency and fairness.
Relaxation effect of CGP-48506, EMD-57033, and dobutamine in ejecting and isovolumically beating rabbit hearts

Because it is not known whether ejection influences the negative effect of the Ca2+-sensitizing drugs on ventricular relaxation, we extended our previous analysis of stress-dependent relaxation in ...
The effects of U.V.-light, ionizing radiation and the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide on the development in vitro of one- and two-cell mouse embryos.

SummaryThe development of one- and two-cell mouse embryos to morula-blastula stages was followed in vitro after treatment with low doses of U.V.-light, ionizing radiation or N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide. Exposure of one-cell embryos to either radiation source 18 and 24 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin injections prevented maturation, most embryos being arrested at the one-cell stage and a few at the two-cell stage. Two-cell embryos, however, were not sensitive to low doses of either U.V. or X-irradiation and developed normally. Treatment of early one-cell embryos with the carcinogen, N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide (0·7 µM), also arrested development, whereas exposure of late one-cell embryos did not completely prevent maturation to morula-blastula stages. Exposure of two-cell embryos to the same concentration of carcinogen had no effect on their development to blastulas. Results with all three agents showed that mouse embryos at the one-cell stage are more sensitive than those at the two-cell st...
Utility of Glycated Hemoglobin for Assessment of Glucose Metabolism in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an approved and widely used laboratory investigation for diagnosis of diabetes that is not affected by acute changes in blood glucose. Our aim was to analyze the extent to which routine HbA1c measurements diagnose unknown diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We also compared outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed DM, previously established DM and those without DM. Consecutive patients undergoing PCI for STEMI from January 2005 to December 2012 were included and routinely performed admission HbA1c was used to identify patients with previously undiagnosed DM (HbA1c ≥6.5 and no history of DM or DM therapy) and pre-DM (HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%). Overall 1,686 consecutive patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI during the study period and follow-up data were available for 1,566 patients (90%). A quarter of the patients (24%, n = 405) had history of DM, 7% (n = 118) had previously undiagnosed DM, and 38.7% (n = 652) had pre-DM. Mortality was comparable in patients with known DM and newly diagnosed DM both in-hospital (11.1% vs 11.9%, p = 0.87) and at 3-year follow-up (27.3% and 24%). Patients with DM, including those who were newly diagnosed, had higher mortality at 3 years (26.5%) compared to those with pre-DM (12.1%) or no dysglycemia (11.2%, p
The Past and the Future.

nwhjournal.org © 2016, AWHONN 7 Welcome to 2016 and the 20th volume of Nursing for Women’s Health. For volumes 1 through 10 this journal was known as AWHONN Lifelines. It was interesting for me to look back and see what we were reading about 20 years ago. Some of the topics covered in the fi rst few issues included an overview of epidural anesthesia and a discussion of laws mandating that women should have extended stays in the hospital aft er birth. Do you remember what you were doing 20 years ago? Some readers may be too young to remember, but many others, like me, can recall those years well. Some people may remember 1996 as the year the O.J. Simpson trial began or when the summer Olympics were held in Atlanta. Others may know that the New Zealand singer Lorde was born and the American politician Barbara Jordan died that year. Perhaps the year was notable because of personal events such as births, weddings, graduations, and deaths. When I think back to the 1990s, I can clearly see ways nursing practice has changed. Back then perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were receiving lifelong hormone treatment in a specifi c attempt to promote cardiac health. I cringe today when I remember that I initiated a prescription for estrogen and progesterone for a healthy 70-year-old woman, an action not recommended today. In the same period, at birth we tended to cut the cord quickly because we thought it was important that parents could cuddle their newborn in a nice warm blanket. Th at most of us didn’t think to hand the newborn to parents for skin-to-skin contact still amazes me. The Past and the Future
Perinatal development of digestive enzymes

All mammals have a pattern of perinatal physiological development that is partly influenced by exposure to the extrauterine environment. At birth, the newborn can no longer rely on placental exchange for its nutrition, thus making it dependent on absorption and digestion of nutrients via its own gastrointestinal tract. Maternal milk is generally the only source of nutrients during the suckling period (Fig. 4.1) and the digestive capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract are correspondingly specialized (Doell and Kretchmer, 1962; Sunshine et al. 1971). As the animal is weaned from milk and other foods are introduced (Fig. 4.2), the gastrointestinal tract again undergoes profound changes (Henning, 1981; Kretchmer, 1985). The ontogeny of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract from the embryo to the adult has been studied extensively and is the subject of several exhaustive publications describing the structural and the metabolic aspects of the maturation (Henning and Kretchmer, 1973; Grand et al 1976; Lebenthal, 1981, 1989; Klein and McKenzie, 1983; Henning, 1985, 1987).
Bayesian techniques for comparison of the test performance of PCR and culture for the identification of Campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples.

AIMS Using Bayesian methods that do not require the definition of a gold standard, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay are compared to those of an enriched culture assay for detection of Campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Food Safety and Inspection Service comminuted chicken samples were collected from production facilities across the United States. Enriched samples were examined using a commercial real-time PCR kit and plated for culture. Allowing for conditional dependence between these approaches and defining relatively uninformed prior distributions, the 'no gold standard' Bayesian methods generated estimates of the means (95% credible interval) of the posterior distributions for sensitivity and specificity of the PCR as 93% (79, 100%) and 95% (87, 100%) respectively. The estimated sensitivity implies a mean false negative frequency of 7%. The estimated means of the posterior distributions for sensitivity and specificity of the culture assay were 91% (76, 100%) and 96% (88, 100%) respectively. In this case, the mean false negative frequency is 9%. Graphical comparisons of the posterior distributions with their corresponding prior distributions suggested only subtle differences in the sensitivities of both tests, but the posterior distributions for specificities are substantially more certain than the prior distributions. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the commercial real-time PCR assay is a more sensitive screening test that would provide timelier negative test results. The modest 1% reduction in specificity of this PCR assay, as compared to an enriched culture assay, is less of a concern for regulatory testing programs if a culture-based confirmatory assay is applied to all presumptive positive samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The sensitivity and specificity of a PCR assay and a culture assay for Campylobacter in comminuted poultry produced in the United States were estimated. The PCR assay was shown to be an appropriate alternative screening test.
Sensemaking at Sea: Organizing with Natural Materiality in an Alaskan Commercial Fishery

This field study uses sensemaking theory to understand how commercial fishing captains, focusing the trawl fleet based in Kodiak, Alaska, organize with indeterminate natural materiality with the go...
Buckling and Post-Buckling Behavior of Unitized, Stiffened Tri-Axially Braided Composite Textile Plates

This investigation examines the buckling and post-buckling response of unitized, doubly stiffened textile fiber reinforced composite plates using the finite element method, and in conjunction with the commercial code Abaqus. Investigations into the global buckling mode shapes, and corresponding loads, and significant behavior during loading in the postbuckled regime are also of significant importance. A two dimensional, tri-axially braided (2DTBC) textile is used to manufacture the panels, and a new approach to creating the stiffener geometry is presented. How the new stiffener formation alters the buckling, post-buckling, and failure response is examined. Axial compressive loading is considered, and computational results are provided and compared against a set of limited experimental data.