cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Type-Specific Epitope Locations Revealed by X-Ray Crystallographic Study of Adenovirus Type 5 Hexon

A major obstacle to the use of adenovirus as a vector for gene therapy is the host immune response to hexon, the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid. A solution lies in creating novel vectors with modified or chimeric hexons to evade the immune response to native hexon. The crystal structure of hexon from human adenovirus type 5 (ad5), the type primarily used for gene therapy, has been determined to facilitate the design of such molecules. As the 951-amino-acid (aa) ad5 hexon sequence is closely related to that of ad2 (967 aa; 86% aa identity), the ad5 structure was solved by molecular replacement with a model constructed from the known ad2 hexon. During refinement, greater than 25% of the sequence was reassigned, resulting in a relocation of two epitope regions, from buried positions in the ad2 model to external sites at the top of the ad5 molecule. The resultant model is in better agreement with crystallographic data, while maintaining the overall topology of ad2 hexon. This work suggests that all hexons have the same basic fold and that the ad5 hexon structure provides an accurate and representative model for designing new adenovirus vectors.
Wide-Field Microscopy using Microcamera Arrays

A microcamera is a relay lens paired with image sensors. Microcameras are grouped into arrays to relay overlapping views of a single large surface to the sensors to form a continuous synthetic image. The imaged surface may be curved or irregular as each camera may independently be dynamically focused to a different depth. Microcamera arrays are akin to microprocessors in supercomputers in that both join individual processors by an optoelectronic routing fabric to increase capacity and performance. A microcamera may image ten or more megapixels and grouped into an array of several hundred, as has already been demonstrated by the DARPA AWARE Wide-Field program with multiscale gigapixel photography. We adapt gigapixel microcamera array architectures to wide-field microscopy of irregularly shaped surfaces to greatly increase area imaging over 1000 square millimeters at resolutions of 3 microns or better in a single snapshot. The system includes a novel relay design, a sensor electronics package, and a FPGA-based networking fabric. Biomedical applications of this include screening for skin lesions, wide-field and resolution-agile microsurgical imaging, and microscopic cytometry of millions of cells performed in situ.
Binding by glycoproteins of seminal plasma membrane vesicles accelerates decapacitation in rabbit spermatozoa.

Abstract Fertilizing capacity among uterine-capacitated rabbit sperm cells declined exponentially during incubation with membrane vesicles from seminal plasma. In suspensions containing an average of 0.42 mg vesicle protein/106 sperm, decapacitation occurred with a half-time of 23 min ( k i ( native vesicles ) = 1.78 ± 0.14 h −1 ). Exposing these membrane vesicles to pronase retarded decapacitation, prolonging its half-time to 51 min ( k i ( pronase-digested vesicles ) = 0.81 ± 0.06 h −1 ). Cholesterol-bearing liposomes suppressed sperm-fertilizing capacity at a comparable rate. In suspensions containing an average of 0.52 mg lipid/106 sperm, decapacitation had a half-time also of 51 min ( k i ( liposomes ) = 0.82 ± 0.14 h −1 ). These lower inhibition rates accompanied diminished rates of vesicle uptake by spermatozoa. Membrane vesicles labeled with phosphatidyl[14C]choline rapidly bound to epididymal sperm cells, displaying a half-time of 2.3 min ( k a ( native vesicles ) = 18.0 ± 0.35 h −1 ). Following pronase treatment, this interval increased to 17 min ( k a ( pronase-digested vesicles ) = 2.48 ± 0.37 h −1 ). Liposome binding data yielded a half-time of 28 min ( k a ( liposomes ) = 1.47 ± 0.17 h −1 ). Postbinding decapacitation half-times for these vesicles, given by the difference between binding and decapacitation intervals, appear broadly alike: native vesicles, 21 min, pronase-digested vesicles, 34 min, and liposomes, 23 min. During this interval, a vesicle antifusigen (cholesterol) apparently transfers to the sperm plasma membrane inhibiting the acrosome reaction. The lipid bilayer in these membrane vesicles withstood proteolytic attack, as seen by electron microscopy. Pronase acted principally to hydrolyze vesicle glycoproteins, which evidently bind to the sperm surface during decapacitation.
Is Sustainability Sustainable

Themost important concept in current environmental thinking is sustainability. Environmental policies, economic policies, development, resource use—all of these things, according to the consensus, ought to be sustainable. But what is sustainability? What is its ethical foundation? There is little consensus about how these questions ought to be answered. Many environmentalists are troubled by the plethora of understandings of sustainability in the literature. Andrew Dobson, for example, counts more than three hundred definitions! Others see this as a virtue, equating sustainability with other contested concepts such as happiness, justice, and rights. Either way, exploring the ethical significance of sustainability is a vital task. Surprisingly, almost nothing has been done to justify sustainability as an ethical constraint. My aim is to investigate whether that can be done. I shall argue that the chief conceptions of sustainability in the environmental literature are not themselves sustainable. They often have innocuous interpretations that are plausible but do little to advance the environmentalists’ or any other particular agenda. Their more radical interpretations, however, lack ethical foundations; they face obvious counterexamples when applied to individual lives and communities. There is no reason to take any of them as criteria that any environmental, economic, developmental, or resource management policy must meet, or even as goals toward which any such policy ought to strive. Acad. Quest. (2010) 23:84–101 DOI 10.1007/s12129-009-9152-4
The geometry, vibrational frequencies, thermochemistry, quadrupole moments and electronic structure of C2Na2 : Comparison with C2Li2, C2H2, C2F2 and C2Cl2

Abstract The electronic structure of Na 2 C 2 is studied using ab initio electronic structure methods and is compared to the companion molecule Li 2 C 2 . Both the linear D ∞ h and planar structures are minima on the ground state potential surface with the planar D 2 h conformation being the lowest energy form, similar to Li 2 C 2 . At the CCSD(t) level the planar form is more stable that the linear by 11.2 kcal/mol as compared with 7.34 kcal/mol for Li 2 C 2 . Both molecules are significantly ionic. The vibrational frequencies, atomization energy at 0 K, D 0 , and the standard enthalpy of formation, Δ H 0 f are calculated and compared to those of Li 2 C 2 as well as HCCH, FCCF and ClCCCl. We find D 0 and Λ H 0 f to be 331.1 and 84.92 kcal/mol for Li 2 C 2 and 298.3 and 93.25 kcal/mol for Na 2 C 2 . We calibrate these by calculating the same quantities for HCCH, FCCF and ClCCCl.
The genome sequence of lettuce necrotic stunt virus indicates a close relationship to Moroccan pepper virus

Lettuce necrotic stunt virus (LNSV) causes severe losses to lettuce production in the western United States, which results in stunting, necrosis and death on all non-crisphead lettuces, as well as flower abortion and yield losses in greenhouse tomato production. The genome of LNSV was sequenced and has an organization typical of viruses of the genus Tombusvirus. Sequence comparisons indicated that much of the genome is relatively closely related to tomato bushy stunt virus; however, the coat protein is very closely related to that of isolates of Moroccan pepper virus (MPV).
Cytomegalovirus Disease: Can it be Prevented?

Excerpt Cytomegalovirus is a major pathogen in immunosuppressed patients (1) and newborn infants (2). Effective treatment for cytomegalovirus disease has yet to be found. A placebo-controlled study...
Algebraic tailoring of discontinuous Galerkin p-multigrid for convection

Abstract This work presents an element-local algebraic approach to constructing coarse spaces for p -multigrid solvers and preconditioners of high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. The target class of problems is convective systems on unstructured meshes, a class for which traditional p -multigrid typically fails to reach textbook multigrid efficiency due to a mismatch between smoothers and coarse spaces. Smoothers that attempt to alleviate this mismatch, such as line-implicit, incomplete LU, or Gauss–Seidel, deteriorate on grids that are not aligned with the flow, and they rely on sequential operations that do not scale well to distributed-memory architectures. In this work we shift attention from the smoothers to the coarse spaces, and we present an algebraic definition of the coarse spaces within each element based on a singular-value decomposition of the neighbor influence matrix. On each multigrid level, we employ a block-Jacobi smoother, which maintains algorithmic scalability as all elements can be updated in parallel. We demonstrate the performance of our solver on discretizations of advection and the linearized compressible Euler equations.
Thyrotropin Regulates IL-6 Expression in CD34+ Fibrocytes: Clear Delineation of Its cAMP-Independent Actions

IL-6 plays diverse roles in normal and disease-associated immunity such as that associated with Graves’ disease (GD). In that syndrome, the orbit undergoes remodeling during a process known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Recently, CD34+ fibrocytes were found to infiltrate the orbit in TAO where they transition into CD34+ orbital fibroblasts. Surprisingly, fibrocytes display high levels of functional thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), the central antigen in GD. We report here that TSH and the pathogenic anti-TSHR antibodies that drive hyperthyroidism in GD induce IL-6 expression in fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts. Unlike TSHR signaling in thyroid epithelium, that occurring in fibrocytes is completely independent of adenylate cyclase activation and cAMP generation. Instead TSH activates PDK1 and both AKT/PKB and PKC pathways. Expression and use of PKCβII switches to that of PKCµ as fibrocytes transition to TAO orbital fibroblasts. This shift is imposed by CD34− orbital fibroblasts but reverts when CD34+ fibroblasts are isolated. The up-regulation of IL-6 by TSH results from coordinately enhanced IL-6 gene promoter activity and increased IL-6 mRNA stability. TSH-dependent IL-6 expression requires activity at both CREB (−213 to −208 nt) and NF-κB (–78 to −62 nt) binding sites. These results provide novel insights into the molecular action of TSH and signaling downstream for TSHR in non-thyroid cells. Fibrocytes neither express adenylate cyclase nor generate cAMP and thus these findings are free from any influence of cAMP-related signaling. They identify potential therapeutic targets for TAO.
Effectiveness of Alternative Breeding Systems for Increasing Rate of Egg Production in Chickens

Abstract INTRODUCTION IN THE last two decades, poultry breeders have become increasingly alarmed that selected populations may be approaching plateaus of response. Conventional selection procedures, based on additive genetic variance, appear to have brought negligible gains in some egg production strains of chickens even though heritability estimates indicate progress attainable (e.g. see Lerner and Dempster, 1951; and Dickerson, 1955). Hence, to use nonadditive as well as additive genetic variance, reciprocal recurrent selection has been considered as an alternative breeding system (Comstock et al., 1949; and Bell et al., 1952). Scant experimental evidence on reciprocal recurrent selection in poultry prompted this study of the relative effectiveness of reciprocal recurrent as compared with individual, dam and sire family index selection for the improvement of rate of egg production. This trait has been under selection for many generations in egg production strains and shows hybrid vigor in crosses. Part-year rate, from first egg to . . .
Thermal hydraulic effect of fuel plate surface roughness

This study presents surface roughness measurements characteristic of the pre-film layer applied to a typical Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) fuel plate. This data is used to estimate the friction factor for thermal hydraulic flow calculations of a Gas Test Loop (GTL) system proposed for incorporation into ATR to provide a fast neutron flux environment for the testing of nuclear fuels and materials. To attain the required neutron flux, the design includes booster fuel plates clad with the same aluminum alloy as the ATR driver fuel and cooled with water supplied by the ATR primary coolant pumps. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the surface roughness of the protective boehmite layer applied to the ATR driver fuel prior to reactor operations in order to specify the machining tolerances for the surface finish on simulated booster fuel plates in a GTL hydraulic flow test model and (2) assess the consequent thermal hydraulic impact due to surface roughness on the coolability of the booster fuel with a similar pre-film layer applied. While the maximum roughness of this coating is specified to be 1.6 μm (63 μin.), no precise data on the actual roughness were available. A representative sample coupon autoclaved with the ATR driver fuel to produce the pre-film coating was analyzed using optical profilometry. Measurements yielded a mean surface roughness of 0.53 μm (21 μin.). Results from a sensitivity study show that a ±15% deviation from the mean measured surface finish would have a minimal effect on coolant temperature, coolant flow rate, and fuel temperature. However, frictional losses from roughnesses greater than 1.5 μm (∼60 μin.) produce a marked decrease in flow rate, causing fuel and coolant temperatures to rise sharply.
Alveolar fractal box dimension inversely correlates with mean linear intercept in mice with elastase-induced emphysema

Rationale A widely applicable model of emphysema that allows efficient and sensitive quantification of injury is needed to compare potential therapies.
Adherence with Osteoporosis Practice Guidelines: A Multilevel Analysis of Patient, Physician, and Practice Setting Characteristics

Purpose The diagnosis and treatment of patients at risk of fragility fractures is uncommon. We examined the patient, physician, and practice characteristics associated with adherence to local osteoporosis guidelines. Methods Data were obtained from electronic medical records from one academic medical center. Local guidelines suggest screening and consideration of treatment for at-risk patients, including women aged ≥65 years, women aged 50 to 64 years who smoke cigarettes, persons who used more than 5 mg of oral prednisone for >3 months, and those with a history of a fracture after age 45 years. Clinical notes, medication lists, and radiology records were reviewed to determine whether patients had undergone bone mineral density testing or received any medications for osteoporosis. Possible correlates of guideline adherence, including patient, physician, and practice site characteristics, were assessed in mixed multivariable models. Results We identified 6311 at-risk patients seen by 160 doctors at 10 primary care sites during 2001 to 2002. Of these patients, 45% (n = 2820) had a prior bone mineral density test and 30% (n = 1922) had received a medication for osteoporosis; 54% (n = 3401) had one or the other. After adjusting for patient case mix, 17% to 71% of patients had been managed according to local guidelines and had undergone at least bone mineral density testing or received a medication. Patient variables that significantly lowered the probability of guideline adherence included age >74 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.55), age Conclusion Rates of adherence with local osteoporosis guidelines for patients at risk of fragility fractures vary by patient, physician, and practice site characteristic.
Linguistic Styles as Indices for Interpersonal Distance

Summary Two experiments were conducted to examine whether linguistic style affected subjects' estimations of interpersonal distance. In accordance with Hall, it was proposed that distinct linguistic styles would produce differential estimates of interpersonal distance and involvement between interactors. Subjects confirmed this proposal in Experiment I. In Experiment II the finding was replicated, and it was further shown that content of interaction was less influential than linguistic style. It is suggested that some sort of grammar for distance best accounts for the results.
Land-Use Controls and Housing Costs: An Examination of San Francisco Bay Area Communities*

This paper reports on our efforts to gauge the effects of land use controls on housing markets. We discuss how land use controls affect land and housing markets and explain why communities use such controls to restrict development. We present the results of an econometric model created to assess the inflationary effects of land use controls on housing costs. The model is based on data assembled in the San Francisco Bay Area. The model results indicate that density controls and land availability do systematically affect the price of new housing units.
An investigation into the aging of nanofilled Polypropylene through stochastic analyses of surface discharges

Introduction of nanofillers has shown to improve the Breakdown Strength of unaged Polypropylene (PP) films. However, subjecting these samples to aging by surface discharges will eliminate this advantage [1]. PP samples with 0%, 2% and 6% organosilicate nanofillers are aged continuously with surface discharges. Partial Discharges (PD) time history records obtained are analyzed within the framework of Time Series Analyses. This work has resulted in development of an algorithm to forecast the future trends of statistical parameters obtained by PD measurement system. Electric field distribution affects PD behavior which is confirmed by microscopic and profilometric study of degradation volume.
Levodopa and relief of parkinsonian symptons

This paper has presented a brief review of the treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa. Although there are problems in the utilization of this amino acid in practical therapy, significant amelioration of the symptoms and signs of parkinsonism can be obtained and sustained over long periods of time. It is as yet too early to detect any potential of alteration in the basic progressive course of the disease.
EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE SHIFTS OF MAGNITUDE OF REWARD ON RUNWAY PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study was to reexamine Hull's Theorem 30 and Pereboom's modification of that theorem. Following 42 runway acquisition trials with consecutively (upward or downward) shifted reward magnitudes, all groups of rats were extinguished and then retrained with a medium reward magnitude. The results of the original acquisition trials seem to satisfy Hull's prediction, but during reacquisition all experimental groups attained asymptotic performance levels higher than that obtained for the control group trained with a low magnitude of reward during original acquisition. This evidence clearly suggests that neither Hull's not Pereboom's theorem is consistent with the empirical evidence.
On Packing \mathbb {R}^3 with Thin Tori

We show that $$\mathbb {R}^3$$ can be packed at a density of $$0.222\ldots $$ with tori whose minor radius goes to zero. Furthermore, we show that the same torus arrangement yields an asymptotically optimal number of pairwise-linked tori.
Immunity to Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in the guinea pig produced by normal and triethylene melamine-attenuated larvae.

Abstract Third stage larvae were demonstrated in the lungs of guinea pigs, dosed with 4,000 to 10,000 normal Dictyocaulus viviparus, 14 hours after infection. Development to the early fifth stage occurred, but the numbers of worms fell rapidly after day 10 and the infection was eliminated after 16 days. Immunisation with two doses of 4,000 normal larvae resulted in a high level of resistance. In such immune animals the challenge dose of larvae developed normally until day 4 after which the majority were eliminated and the remainder retarded in size. Guinea pigs dosed with 4,000 larvae attenuated by exposure to 0·7 per cent. triethylene melamine (TEM) had macroscopic lung lesions similar to animals receiving normal larvae, but the numbers of worms present at day 10 was reduced by 96 per cent. and their size reduced by 17 per cent. compared with controls. A dose of 4,000 larvae attenuated by 0·7 per cent. TEM followed by a second dose of 2,000 larvae 14 days later conferred a 95 per cent. immunity in guinea pigs compared with 99 per cent. for the same regime of normal larvae when challenged with 10,000 larvae. Guinea pigs dosed twice with 4,000 normal larvae or larvae attenuated by concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 per cent. TEM showed varying degrees of immunity to challenge with 4,000 larvae. The challenge worm burden was reduced after day 4 in the normal larvae group and after days 6, 8 and 10 in the 1, 2 and 4 per cent. TEM attenuated groups respectively. This onset of worm elimination was related to the number of worms of the immunizing dose present at day 6 which was greatest in the normal larvae group and fell progressively in the 1, 2 and 4 per cent. TEM groups.
Beyond the local-density approximation - Surface properties of /110/ W

A basic calculation of the work function and a surface potential of a single-crystal plane is presented. This first theory provides quantitative results for W(110). Smoluchowski's model is used to determine an effective surface pseudopotential, and many-electron effects are included self-consistently and beyond the local-density approximation through a gradient-expansion formalism. Some limitations of the local-density approximation are revealed. Another explanation for the experimental work-function anomaly is offered.
Correlation of CT patterns of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at the time of presentation with the metastatic spread and clinical outcomes: retrospective study of 92 patients

Objective To study the CT appearance and histopathology of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) at presentation and correlate these features with metastatic disease and patient survival.
Kahler-einstein Metrics on Complex Surfaces With C(1) > 0

Various estimates of the lower bound of the holomorphic invariant α(M), defined in [T], are given here by using branched coverings, potential estimates and Lelong numbers of positive,d-closed (1, 1) currents of certain type, etc. These estimates are then applied to produce Kahler-Einstein metrics on complex surfaces withC1>0, in particular, we prove that there are Kahler-Einstein structures withC1>0 on any manifold of differential type\(CP^2 \# \overline {nCP^2 } (3 \leqq n \leqq 8)\).
Gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are due to deficiencies in activities of lysosomal enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans. Some attempts at gene therapy for MPS in animal models have involved intravenous injection of vectors derived from an adeno-associated virus (AAV), adenovirus, retrovirus or a plasmid, which primarily results in expression in liver and secretion of the relevant enzyme into blood. Most vectors can correct disease in liver and spleen, although correction in other organs including the brain requires high enzyme activity in the blood. Alternative approaches are to transduce hematopoietic stem cells, or to inject a vector locally into difficult-to-reach sites such as the brain. Gene therapy holds great promise for providing a long-lasting therapeutic effect for MPS if safety issues can be resolved.
Serving with spirit: an integrative model of workplace spirituality within service organizations

Service organizations are uniquely subject to the effects of emotional labor. To address these impacts, we examine workplace spirituality (WPS) as a valuable resource within the emotional labor context of service organizations and propose an integrative model that encompasses the effects of WPS on employees, customers, and the organization. We posit that organizations that possess the WPS values of respect, humanism, and integrity, and an ethical organizational climate can buffer the negative effects of emotional labor through increased employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. Similarly, we propose that WPS can positively influence customer satisfaction and loyalty and also organizational performance and sustainability directly through its WPS values and ethical climate, and indirectly through employee satisfaction and commitment and customer satisfaction and loyalty. Our conceptual integrative model provides testable propositions related to WPS within the emotional labor context of service or...
Emerging Gene Therapies for Retinal Degenerations

### Introduction Our most cherished sense, vision, begins with the process of phototransduction, a process performed by the highly specialized photoreceptor cells of the retina: the rods and cones ([Rodieck, 1998][1]). Rod photoreceptor cells are needed for night vision, as they are able to respond
A Description of Chemical Precipitation Mechanisms and Their Role in Formation Damage During Stimulation by Hydrofluoric Acid

A geochemical simulator that allows for mineral dissolution, precipitation, ion-pair complexation and flow with dispersion in a linear porous medium has been developed. The calculations are based on the thermodynamic equilibrium between aqueous species of the fluid phase and mineral assemblages of the solid phase. The simulator has been used to study sandstone acidizing by use of hydrofluoric/hydrochloric (HF/HCl) acid mixtures and specifically to examine the permeability loss commonly encountered when formations are first contacted with these mixtures. Included were 30 different aqueous species and 14 possible mineral species. It was found that when acids are introduced into sandstone media containing aluminosilicate minerals, the formation of chemical precipitates takes place if a maximum allowable HF level for a given HCl level is exceeded. Further, the permeability losses attending the precipitation were shown to correlate with experimental observations. Model calculations confirmed the precipitation of colloidal silica, as proposed by others, and identified other, further complicating precipitates.
Synergistic inhibitory effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and heparin on intimal hyperplasia after rat aorta injury

The respective efficacies of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and standard heparin were investigated with respect to their inhibitory effects on intimal hyperplasia after balloon denudation of rat aorta. Local angiotensin II effects in the artery wall may participate in regulation of the vascular response to arterial injury, apparently independent of the plasma renin and angiotensin system. ACE inhibitors have been shown to block intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in rats. Increasing evidence points toward an inhibitory effect of heparin on intimal hyperplasia independent of anticoagulation. Balloon catheter aortic denudation was performed in 25 rats pharmacologically treated from six days or one day before to fourteen days after surgery and split into four groups : group A (control group), normal feeding ; group B (ramipril group), ramipril 10 mg/kg/day orally ; group C (heparin group), heparin 1200 IU/kg/day subcutaneously ; group D (combined group), both ramipril and heparin. Animals were killed and aortas were perfused and fixed at physiologic pressure fourteen days after denudation. Cross-sectional intima-to-media area ratios (I-M ratio) were calculated by an image analyzer system. Morphometric analysis of cross sections showed marked initimal thickening in the control group with a mean I-M ratio 95.1 ± 2.76%. In contrast, the I-M ratios in the ramipril group were significantly reduced by 37.3 ± 2.06% (=0.0001) and in the heparin group by 39.7 ± 1.58%. The I-M ratio of animals treated with both ramipril and heparin was 16.6 ± 1.3% (9=0.0001) (Figs. 1-7). Blood pressure in the ramipril group decreased from 111.7 ± 5.16 mmHg and 91.7 ± 2.58 mmHg (p=0.0001) and in the combined group from 111.7 ± 6.06 mmHg to 92.5 ± 5.24 mmHg and 85.0 ± 3.16 mmHg (P=0.0001= after seven days and fourteen days, respectively, whereas heparin had no effect on blood pressure (114.2 ± 8.61 mmHg to 111.7 ± 6.06 mmHg and 111.7 ± 4.08 mmHg) (Fig. 8). Both the ACE inhibitor ramipril and heparin significantly reduced initimal hyperplasia. More significant reduction of intimal hyperplasia was obtained when these two drugs were given together. These data have led the authors to conclude that ACE inhibitors and heparin together inhibit intimal thickening after injury, and an apparently synergistic effect of these two drugs may be obtained. These results may be useful for clinical application to prevent the proliferation that occur after endarterectomy or bypass surgery.
How outstanding leaders lead with affect: An examination of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders

Frameworks for understanding outstanding leadership have flourished in the past decade. Research into the charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic (CIP) model of leadership in particular has examined how leaders develop mental models, frame visions, communicate goals, and utilize political tactics to form relationships with followers and impact society in meaningful ways. However, a discussion of how these types of leaders use emotions and influence tactics to influence followers and affect society is notably absent in the literature. To fill this gap, the current effort focuses on how charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders differ in their use of emotional displays and influence tactics. Results suggest that the emotional displays and influence tactics that leaders use successfully discriminate between CIP leader types and create expected leader styles. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
Forward modeling of ice topography on Mars to infer basal shear stress conditions

[1] Understanding the history of ice caps on Mars could reveal important information about Martian geologic and climatic history. To do this, an ice reconstruction model is needed that operates over complex topography and can be constrained with a limited number of free parameters. In this study we developed a threshold-sliding model for ice cap morphology based on the classic model of Nye later incorporated into the models of Reeh and colleagues. We have updated the Nye-Reeh model with a new numerical algorithm. Although the model was originally developed to model perfectly plastic deformation, it is applicable to any ice body that deforms when a threshold basal shear stress is exceeded. The model requires three inputs: a digital elevation model of bed topography, a “mask” grid that defines the position of the ice terminus, and a function defining the threshold basal shear stress. To test the robustness of the model, the morphology of the Greenland ice sheet is reconstructed using an empirical equation between threshold basal shear stress and ice surface slope. The model is then used to reconstruct the morphology of ice draping impact craters on the margins of the south polar layered deposits using an inferred constant basal shear stress of ∼0.6 bar for the majority of the examples. This inferred basal shear stress value is almost 1/3 of the average basal shear stress calculated for the Greenland ice sheet. What causes this lower basal shear stress value on Mars is unclear but could involve the strain-weakening behavior of ice.
Racial intermarriage pairings.

Most studies of racial intermarriage rely on the prevalence of intermarriage to measure the strength of group boundaries, without scrutinizing the nature of intermarriage pairings. Examination of intermarried couples’ characteristics reveals (1) that intermarriages and endogamous marriages follow different patterns, and (2) that intermarriage pairings for some groups reflect a generalized racial status hierarchy. According to evidence from the 1990 U.S. Census PUMS, patterns in blacks’ and Mexican Americans’ marriages with whites suggest that a generalized racial status hierarchy disadvantages members of these minority groups. For marriages between Japanese Americans and whites, however, crossing the group boundary does not affect couples’ characteristics.
Stimulation of protein phosphorylation during fertilization-induced maturation of Urechis caupo oocytes.

Abstract Protein phosphorylation was studied during fertilization of Urechis caupo oocytes both in vivo, by measuring [32P]phosphate incorporation into 32P preloaded oocytes and in vitro, by measuring endogenous protein kinase and phosphatase activities in homogenates. During fertilization (and maturation) the rate of protein phosphorylation is dramatically increased. No change in the [32P]phosphate uptake, or the nucleotide levels was observed at fertilization, so the increase cannot be attributed to changes in substrate availability. In vitro enzyme assays showed changes in protein kinase activity which approximately mirrored the changes in the in vivo phosphorylation pattern. As there were no changes in protein phosphatase activity, these results suggest the phosphorylation change results from an increase in protein kinase activity. The pattern of change, investigated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, shows that proteins that were phosphorylated in the unfertilized egg become phosphorylated to a greater degree after fertilization. One protein (48 kd) undergoes an increase followed by a decrease of its phosphorylation level.
DICHOTOMY IN THE ISOMERIZATIONS OF 1-ARYLSULFONYL-3-ARYLTHIO-2-BUTENES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

Abstract A dichotomy in the mechanism for the isomerizations of the title compounds is describedy An elimination-readdition pathway promotes isomerization of 1,4-diarylsulfonyl-2-arylthio-2-butenes and 1,2,4-triarylthio-2-butenes. However, 1-arylsulfonyl-3-arylthio-2-butenes and 1,3-diarylsulfonyl-2-butenes require stronger bases and more polar solvents for isomerization and occur without any eliminations.
Parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid crisis, and acute pancreatitis in an adolescent.

12. Monnens, L., and Schretlen, E.: Haemolyticuremic syndrome, Lancet 2: 735, 1968. I3. Gilchrist, G. S., and Liberman, E.: Haemolytic-uremic syndrome and hepariu therapy, Lancet 2: 1069, 1969. 14. Kaplan, B. S., Katz, J., Krawitz, S., and Lurie, A. : An analysis of the results of therapy in 67 cases of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, J. PEDIATR. 78: 420, 1971. 15. Katz, J., Lurie, A., and Kaplan, B.: Haemolytic-uremic syndrome and heparin therapy, Lancet 2: 700, 1969. 16. Brain, M. C.: The hemolytlc-uremic syndrome, Sem. Hematol. 6: 162, 1969. 17. Gianantonio, C. A., Vitacco, M., Mendilaharzu, F., and Gallo, G.: The hemolyticuremic syndrome, J. PEnlATR. 72: 757, 1968.
Purification and ultrastructural properties of the calcium accumulating membranes in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations from skeletal muscle.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments, prepared from skeletal muscle homogenates, were found to consist of two major types when examined after negative staining. One type possessed 90 A subunits and was thought to be of mitochondrial origin. The other had 35 A subunits and ws presumably derived from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Only the latter type accumulated visible calcium oxalate deposits inside the vesicle when they were exposed to a medium containing ATP, MgCl2, K2C2O4 and CaCl2. The calcium oxalate loaded vesicles were strikingly angular in shape and did not have tails. The calcium oxalate loaded vesicles had identical membrane subunit arrangement to inactive companion membranes and nonincubated controls; this suggested that the membrane subunits were not the critical structural requirement for calcium transport. A method was described whereby the calcium accumulating membranes could be purified 3- to 4-fold on the basis of the best previously used preparation procedures.
Integrating program and evaluation values: A family support approach to program evaluation

In the past several years, models of social service provision that are based on principles of "family support" have been implemented nationwide. Development of evaluation methods to adequately refl...
Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions.

In the last two decades, genetic and genomic studies have revealed the astonishing diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms. Emergence and expansion of the human microbiome project has reshaped our thinking about how microbes control host health – not only as pathogens, but also as symbionts. In coral reef environments, scientists have begun to examine the role that microorganisms play in coral life history. Herein we review the current literature on coral-microbe interactions within the context of their role in evolution, development, and ecology. We ask the following questions, first posed by McFall-Ngai et al., 2013 in their review of animal evolution, with specific attention to how coral-microbial interactions may be affected under future environmental conditions: 1) How do corals and their microbiome affect each other’s genomes? 2) How does coral development depend on microbial partners? 3) How is homeostasis maintained between corals and their microbial symbionts? 4) How can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of coral-microbial interactions? Elucidating the role that microorganisms play in the structure and function of the holobiont is essential for understanding how corals maintain homeostasis and acclimate to changing environmental conditions.
He–Xe microdischarges: Comparison of simulation results with experimental data

~HDTV! monitors. 1,2 Gas mixtures of He/Xe or Ne/Xe are typically used in PDPs. One of the major challenges in research related to PDPs is the optimization of the gas mixture composition and pressure. The present level of understanding of the complicated kinetic processes which determine the efficiency and the emission output of the discharge is still not satisfactory in the case of inert gas mixtures. 3 Computer simulations are effective in identifying the basic properties of the discharge and the dominant mechanism of VUV emission. Experimental studies of plasma discharges in PDPs are extremely difficult due to the very small cell dimensions and complicated panel structure. However, measurements in simpler geometries with similar dimensions and gas mixture compositions as in actual PDPs, can contribute to the understanding of the kinetics of inert gas mixtures. Such measurements can also be used for the validation of simulation models. In this letter, we present a comparison of predictions of a one-dimensional simulation model with the results of a recent experimental study of a He‐Xe microdischarge. 4 The model utilized here is one-dimensional and is based on self-consistent simulation of a dc microdischarge, similar to those previously developed by Meunier, Belenguer, and Boeuf 5 and Punset, Boeuf, and Pitchford, 6 with the difference that the external circuit consists of a resistor rather than capacitive dielectric layers, as in their cases. The space and time variation of the electric field within the gap is selfconsistently determined by solving the fluid equations for ions (He 1 ,Xe 1 ,He2 ,Xe2 ,HeXe 1 ) and electrons together with Poisson’s equation, subject to the boundary conditions imposed by the electrode boundaries. The steady-state solution is determined iteratively using a technique similar to that described by Boeuf. 7 For numerical stability purposes, the current in the circuit is set to be equal to the conduction current at a plane between the electrodes. 7 The transient evolution of the calculated current and voltage across the gap is, therefore, not correct during iterations, but the calculated steady-state values are exact. The electrical model is coupled to a model of excited species kinetics and UV emission. The electron-impact ionization and excitation frequencies as well as the electron drift velocity are calculated as a function of the reduced electric field E/N using the Boltzmann code ELENDIF. 8 Electron‐atom collision cross sections for He and Xe are taken from the SIGLO Series. 9 Ion mobilities and rate
Update on Available Vaccines in India: Report of the APPA VU 2010: I

The Asia Pacific Pediatric Association Vaccinology Update 2010 was held in Mumbai on November 13–14, 2010 to discuss the latest information on burden of infectious diseases, recent developments in vaccines and their impact on immunization practices against infectious diseases occurring in Indian children. During the conference the importance of including conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and anti-rabies vaccines in routine immunization was stressed. Also, the need for giving a second dose of measles mumps rubella vaccine at school entry; and the need for a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen (first dose at 12–15 months of age and a second dose at age 4–6 years) was elucidated. Information related to vaccines which have become available in India in recent years, namely, inactivated poliovirus vaccine; diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine; conjugate pneumococcal vaccine; rotavirus vaccines; H1N1 vaccines; live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine; oral cholera vaccine; tetanus, reduced-dose diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine; and human papillomavirus vaccines were discussed.
Clinical and demographic covariates of chronic opioid and non-opioid analgesic use in rural-dwelling older adults: the MoVIES project

Background:To describe covariates and patterns of late-life analgesic use in the rural, population-based MoVIES cohort from 1989 to 2002.Methods:Secondary analysis of epidemiologic survey of elderly people conducted over six biennial assessment waves. Potential covariates of analgesic use included age, gender, depression, sleep, arthritis, smoking, alcohol, and general health status. Of the original cohort of 1,681, this sample comprised 1,109 individuals with complete data on all assessments. Using trajectory analysis, participants were characterized as chronic or non-chronic users of opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Multivariable regression was used to model predictors of chronic analgesic use.Results:The cohort was followed for mean (SD) 7.3 (2.7) years. Chronic use of opioid analgesics was reported by 7.2%, while non-opioid use was reported by 46.1%. In the multivariable model, predictors of chronic use of both opioid and non-opioid analgesics included female sex, taking ≥2 prescription medications, and “arthritis” diagnoses. Chronic opioid use was also associated with age 75–84 years; chronic non-opioid use was also associated with sleep continuity disturbance.Conclusions:These epidemiological data confirm clinical observations and generate hypotheses for further testing. Future studies should investigate whether addressing sleep problems might lead to decreased use of non-opioid analgesics and possibly enhanced pain management.
Gas/vapor flow microcalorimetry on porous carbons I. Heat of adsorption of toluene on a microporous carbon

The heat of adsorption of toluene on Maxsorb AW20, a high surface area microporous activated carbon, has been determined by flow microcalorimetry (FMC) at pore fill fractions ranging from 0.5 to 0.95. Consistent determination of the integral molar heat of adsorption requires independent measurement of the equilibrium adsorption isotherm. Molar heats determined from FMC/isotherm data are in qualitative agreement with molar heats obtained from FMC results and the adsorption amount determined with a down stream detector (DSD). Differential heats of adsorption/desorption are in good agreement with the integral heat of adsorption data over the fill fraction range investigated.
Low [Mg2+]e Enhances Arterial Spontaneous Tone via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in DOCA-Salt Hypertension

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) has been implicated in low extracellular Mg2+ concentration ( [Mg2+]e)-induced aortic contraction, and Mg2+ deficiency has been associated with hypertension. Moreover, arterial PI3K activity is increased in hypertensive deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt rats. We hypothesized that low [Mg2+]e activates PI3K, eliciting enhanced vascular contraction, PI3K activity, and norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction. Spontaneous tone was monitored in endothelium-denuded aortic strips from sham and DOCA-salt rats exposed to low Mg2+ (0.15 mmol/L), high Mg2+ (4.8 mmol/L), or normal (1.17 mmol/L) physiologic salt solution (PSS) in isolated tissue baths. LY294002 (20 micromol/L), a PI3K inhibitor, or vehicle was added (30 minutes), followed by NE (10(-9) to 3 x10(-5) mol/L). Low [Mg2+]e significantly enhanced tone in aortas from DOCA-salt and sham rats compared with normal PSS (DOCA-salt low [Mg2+]e, +51.5 +7.0 vs DOCA-salt normal PSS, +7.1 +1.4 % of initial phenylephrine [PE] contraction). LY294002 and incubation with high Mg2+ PSS decreased tone in aortas from DOCA-salt rats (low [Mg2+]e LY294002, --87.5 +8.8; normal PSS LY294002, -81.7 +13.7; and high [Mg2+]e, -31.2 +10.8 % of initial PE contraction). Low [Mg2+]e leftward-shifted NE-induced aortic contractions in sham and thus matched the shift observed with DOCA (-log EC50 mol/L: sham PSS, -7.7 +0.1; DOCA-salt PSS, -8.2 +0.1; sham low [Mg2+]e, -8.2 +0.1; and DOCA-salt low [Mg2+]e, -8.1 +0.1). Moreover, this shift was inhibited by LY294002. In conclusion, low [Mg2+]e might activate PI3K, leading to enhanced tone and agonist-induced contraction observed in aortas from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Getting Dirty-Minded: Implementing Presidential Policy Agendas Administratively

With polarization in Congress persistent, with staggering issues and international threats facing the nation, and with fiscal stress an enduring fact of life, presidents have for decades turned to the tools of the administrative presidency to advance and implement their policy agendas. As the Barack Obama administration completed its first six months in office amid great challenges and hopes, the president was no exception in counting on his appointees to wield the tools of the administrative presidency to advance his protean policy agenda for America. This essay offers 10 research-based lessons for new appointees charged with advancing presidential agendas administratively to ponder as they do so.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Doublet-Lattice Calculation of Unsteady Control Surface Aerodynamics

Accurate prediction of control surface aerodynamics has been a challenge since the dawn of aviation. Whereas this has been an important problem for many years, recent increases in the use of control surfaces for active control (load alleviation and e utter suppression ) have increased the importance of accurate steady and unsteady control surface aerodynamics. Because of the strong ine uence of viscosity on the pressures on a trailing-edge control surface, the aerodynamic theories based on the linear potential equation have had only marginal success in predicting control surface aerodynamics, and in practice, large corrections (based on wind-tunnel data ) are often required for acceptable accuracy. Recent advances in computing technology and unsteady aerodynamic codes based on the Navier ‐Stokes equation areallowing moreaccurate analysesto be performed. Unsteady aerodynamic calculations due to control surface oscillations are made using a linear potential code (N5K) and a Navier‐Stokes code (CFL3D.AE-BA version 4.1 ). The Navier‐Stokes calculations are performed in the time domain using an exponential pulse technique and are transformed to the frequency domain using Fourier transform. For low reduced-frequency cases, theNavier ‐Stokes calculations arecompared to the doublet-lattice method and to experiment, and the advantages of the nonlinear analysis are clearly demonstrated. Correlation between Navier ‐Stokes and doublet-lattice results is then studied for higher reduced frequencies.