cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-Site Cobalt Catalysts at New Zr8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 Metal-Organic Framework Nodes for Highly Active Hydrogenation of Alkenes, Imines, Carbonyls, and Heterocycles

We report here the synthesis of robust and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), M-MTBC (M = Zr or Hf), constructed from the tetrahedral linker methane-tetrakis(p-biphenylcarboxylate) (MTBC) and two types of secondary building units (SBUs): cubic M8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 and octahedral M6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4. While the M6-SBU is isostructural with the 12-connected octahedral SBUs of UiO-type MOFs, the M8-SBU is composed of eight MIV ions in a cubic fashion linked by eight μ2-oxo and four μ2-OH groups. The metalation of Zr-MTBC SBUs with CoCl2, followed by treatment with NaBEt3H, afforded highly active and reusable solid Zr-MTBC-CoH catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes, imines, carbonyls, and heterocycles. Zr-MTBC-CoH was impressively tolerant of a range of functional groups and displayed high activity in the hydrogenation of tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes with TON > 8000 for the hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Our structural and spectroscopic studies show that site isolation of and open environmen...
Culturally Responsive Adaptations in Evidence-Based Treatment: the Impact on Client Satisfaction

This study expands the literature on multicultural counseling competencies (MCCs) in school psychology by outlining the relationship between client satisfaction, treatment approaches, and critical clinician variables such as clinician MCC. With growing emphasis on the integration of cultural considerations in evidence-based treatments (EBTs), this study specifically highlighted the differential impact of culturally adapted EBTs on counseling clients. In this nonrandomized repeated-measure study, two groups of clinicians were trained to deliver either culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy (CR-CBT) or traditional CBT to adolescent clients with depression symptoms. Clients rated therapy satisfaction on the Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ)-Form 5 (Stiles and Snow 1984). The results indicated improvement on all four SEQ dimensions for both groups with differential effects appearing more rapidly in the therapeutic process when CR-CBT was used. These findings support the need for client perspectives in treatment efficacy evaluations and continued efforts to study culturally adapted EBTs in school psychology.
Cardiac safety of continuous trastuzumab therapy in breast cancer patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.

e11602 Background: Adjuvant trastuzumab is a highly effective targeted treatment that improves survival for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However trastuzumab interruption is recommended for patients that develop treatment-induced left ventricular dysfunction and can result in an incomplete course of breast cancer treatment. We studied the cardiac safety of continuous trastuzumab therapy among patients that developed asymptomatic declines in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab at our institution between 2005 and 2010. Treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) was defined by an absolute decrease in LVEF > / = 10% to below 55% or an absolute decrease > / = 16%, as per manufacturer prescribing information. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between candidate risk factors and TIC. Results: Among 573 patients with median age...
Micromechanics of undrained response of dilative granular media using a coupled DEM-LBM model: A case of biaxial test

Abstract In this paper the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is coupled with the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) to model the undrained condition of dense granular media that display significant dilation under highly confined loading. DEM-only models are commonly used to simulate the micromechanics of an undrained specimen by applying displacements at the domain boundaries so that the specimen volume remains constant. While this approach works well for uniform strain conditions found in laboratory tests, it doesn’t realistically represent non-uniform strain conditions that exist in the majority of real geotechnical problems. The LBM offers a more realistic approach to simulate the undrained condition since the fluid can locally conserve the system volume. To investigate the ability of the DEM-LBM model to effectively represent the undrained constraint while conserving volume and accurately calculating the stress path of the system, a two dimensional biaxial test is simulated using the coupled DEM-LBM model, and the results are compared with those attained from a DEM-only constant volume simulation. The compressibility of the LBM fluid was found to play an important role in the model response. The compressibility of the fluid is expressed as an apparent Skempton’s pore pressure parameter B. The biaxial test, both with and without fluid, demonstrated particle-scale instabilities associated with shear band development. The results show that the DEM-LBM model offers a promising technique for a variety of geomechanical problems that involve particle-fluid mixtures undergoing large deformation under shear loading.
Patterns of host gene expression associated with harboring a foregut microbial community.

Harboring foregut microbial communities is considered a key innovation that allows herbivorous mammals to colonize new ecological niches. However, the functions of these chambers have only been well studied at the molecular level in ruminants. Here, we investigate gene expression in the foregut chamber of herbivorous rodents and ask whether these gene expression patterns are consistent with results in ruminants. We compared gene expression in foregut tissues of two rodent species: Stephen’s woodrat (Neotoma stephensi), which harbors a dense foregut microbial community, and the lab rat (Rattus norvegicus), which lacks such a community. We found that woodrats have higher abundances of transcripts associated with smooth muscle processes, specifically a higher expression of the smoothelin-like 1 gene, which may assist in contractile properties of this tissue to retain food material in the foregut chamber. The expression of genes associated with keratinization and cornification exhibited a complex pattern of differences between the two species, suggesting distinct molecular mechanisms. Lab rats exhibited higher abundances of transcripts associated with immune function, likely to inhibit microbial growth in the foregut of this species. Some of our results were consistent with previous findings in ruminants (high expression of facilitative glucose transporters, lower expression of B4galnt2), suggestive of possible convergent evolution, while other results were unclear, and perhaps represent novel host-microbe interactions in rodents. Overall, our results suggest that harboring a foregut microbiota is associated with changes to the functions and host-microbe interactions of the foregut tissues.
The Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis in Relation to Disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, although genetic components and environmental triggers are thought to collude to commence pathogenesis. Numerous investigations are now demonstrating the role of the gut microbiota in neuroinflammation and how alterations in its content may be associated with MS disease. This article explores the studies using MS rodent models to determine the roles of gut bacteria in neuroinflammatory disease, evaluate the evidence linking gut bacterial dysbiosis and MS, and give insight into potential MS therapies targeting the gut microbiota currently under investigation.
Content-based clustering and visualization of social media text messages

Although Twitter has been around for more than ten years, crisis management agencies and first response personnel are not able to fully use the information this type of data provides during a crisis or a natural disaster. This paper presents a tool that automatically clusters geotagged text data based on their content, rather than by only time and location, and displays the clusters and their locations on the map. It allows at-a-glance information to be displayed throughout the evolution of a crisis. For accurate clustering, we used the silhouette coefficient to determine the number of clusters automatically. To visualize the topics (i.e., frequent words) within each cluster, we used the word cloud. Our experiments demonstrated the performance of this tool is very scalable. This tool could be easily used by first response and official management personnel to quickly determine when a crisis is occurring, where it is concentrated, and what resources to best deploy to stabilize the situation.
The War and North American Agriculture

War-time Agricultural Exports . The first world war and the present world war were preceded by periods marked by fundamentally opposite trends in international agricultural trade. The period extending roughly from about 1840 to the outbreak of war in 1914 was characterized by a continuous expansion in the volume and range of importation of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials into the British Isles and later into industrialized continental Europe from overseas countries. While the dominant position in this expanding overseas agricultural export trade was held by the United States, a definitely rising participation developed after the turn of the century by the British Dominions, Latin American countries, British and Netherlands India, and the African possessions of European powers. Despite the rise after 1880 of agricultural protectionism in such European countries as France and Germany, growth of population and industrialization in Europe was reflected in a steadily increasing volume of agricultural imports into that continent, and after 1896 by a gradually rising trend in world prices of most agricultural staples. This was the great era of the international gold standard, of the free export of private capital, and of free world markets. Although the first world war disrupted this competitive pattern of world agricultural specialization and trade, it greatly stimulated the agricultural export trade of overseas countries, especially of North America, to the allied countries, and this movement to Europe was substantially maintained during the twenties through the twofold influence of American and British foreign lending and investment and of the virtual disappearance of Russia as a significant and dependable agricultural exporter. Between 1925 and 1930 world agricultural trade rose to record levels, but in the later years mounting world stocks and gradually falling gold prices of most staples gave statistical warning of a developing disequilibrium.
Piezoelectric MEMS acoustic emission sensors

Abstract In this paper, piezoelectric MEMS (piezo-MEMS) sensors are designed and characterized for detecting elastic waves released by active flaws, known as acoustic emission (AE). The designed sensors operate in plate flexural mode or rigid body mode driven by the vibration of silicon diaphragm where piezoelectric layer is deposited on. The designed device contains two different frequency sensors tuned to 40 kHz and 200 kHz. The microstructural layers consist of doped silicon, aluminum nitride (AlN) and metal layer, which function as the bottom electrode, sensing layer and top electrode, respectively. The silicon layer also functions as a mass-spring system where a movable plate is connected with four partially clamped beams to the substrate. As the geometry sizes are restricted by the design rules of the manufacturing process, an additional mass is provided for the 40 kHz sensor through the substrate etching process. The sensors are numerically modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain the frequency response and the dynamic response under excitation. Afterwards, the sensors are manufactured using Piezoelectric Multi-User MEMS Process (PiezoMUMPs) provided by MEMSCAP foundry. The performance of the designed sensors is demonstrated through electromechanical characterization experiments. A face-to-face response is obtained for each sensor, and the performance of the designed sensors is compared with the conventional piezoelectric AE sensors. The developed piezo-MEMS AE sensors have advantages of small foot-print, low cost and no need for bias voltage for operation.
Electron Microscopic and Behavioral Studies in Experimental Lead Encephalopathy

There is much concern that even at the relatively low levels of lead which do not result in acute toxicity, alterations in cognitive function may occur [10]. Impairments in learning following early lead exposure have been reported in a number of species. Ewes were exposed to lead before breeding and throughout gestation [4]. At 4 months of age, the lambs born to them had a mean blood lead level of 14 μg% (control 4.7 μg%). At 5 months, the lambs were taught to discriminate between a circle and a triangle and then among circles of different sizes. The prenatally exposed lambs took significantly longer than controls to learn the size discrimination. This may be interpreted as a defect in reversal learning.
Psychosocial Factors and Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences that, together with protein complexes, cap and protect eukaryotic chromosomes (Blackburn, FEBS Lett 579:859–862, 2005b). Telomeres are shortened when cells undergo mitosis due to the inability of DNA polymerase to fully extend chromosome ends during cell division (Von Zglinicki, Exp Gerontol 38:1259–1264, 2003). Telomeres prevent the ends of the chromosomes from being recognized as a double stranded DNA break, potentially triggering cell cycle arrest (Jain and Cooper, Annu Rev Genet 44:243–269, 2010). Critically short telomeres can lead to cellular senescence, when replication is no longer possible, and genomic instability, for example when chromosomes fuse end to end (Blackburn, Mol Cancer Res 3:477–482, 2005a; Shay and Wright, Carcinogenesis 26:867–874, 2005). Loss of telomere length (TL) can be countered by the enzyme telomerase, which extends TL by adding DNA sequence repeats to the ends of the chromosomes, a process that is carefully regulated throughout the lifespan of the organism (Bekaert et al., Dev Biol 274:15–30, 2004; Hathcock et al., Immunol Rev 205:104–113, 2005). Although telomerase expression is absent or low in most adult somatic cells, its expression in lymphocytes is necessary for the extensive rounds of cell division that characterize the adaptive immune response (Weng et al., Immunity 9:151–157, 1998). Telomerase expression also helps maintain stem cell function in rapidly dividing tissues, including hematopoetic stem cells and precursors (Lansdorp, Ann N Y Acad Sci 1044:220–227, 2005).
A Rationale for Additive Decomposition in Multiattribute Utility Assessment

The purpose of this paper is to develop a rationale for the decomposition of a hierarchy of objectives used as the basis for the assessment of a multiattribute utility function. This rationale is based on a comparison of two approaches to the assessment of multiattribute utility functions. One is simply to interrogate the individual whose preferences regarding a given outcome are to be elicited, and obtain an intuitive estimate of the desired utility. This is termed the wholistic estimate, because the different attributes are considered all at once, and no decomposition is attempted. The second alternative is to decompose the problem into several single attribute assessment problems, and then obtain the multiattribute utility function using an appropriate aggregation rule. The advantages cited for this approach are the usual ones associated with any decomposition strategy. A greater degree of systematization is introduced into the assessment problem. Individual problems are smaller and easier to solve, and their solutions can be combined mechanistically using a suitable aggregation rule. However, with each of these assessments one can associate some error, and when the assessments are combined to obtain the decomposition estimate, the combined error might be significant. An analysis of the errors associated with the wholistic and the decomposition strategies will be used to identify when decomposition into a hierarchy of objectives is an appropriate strategy.
Using Checklists and Rating Scales

This chapter is about two further ways to measure behavior (and other events): checklists and rating scales. These two methods are less precise and accurate than the direct, immediate measurements described in Chapter 3, yet usually less labor- intensive and often sufficiently precise and accurate for certain clinical purposes. In practice, checklists and rating scales blend into one another, but for the sake of clarity, they will be discussed separately here.
Management of Lunotriquetral Instability

Symptomatic lunotriquetral interosseous ligament tears have been managed by simple arthroscopic debridement, ligamentous repair, and intercarpal arthrodesis. Ligamentous repair or grafting requires an extensile approach, and lunotriquetral joint fusion limits flexion and extension and radioulnar deviation by 14% and 25%, respectively.33 Arthroscopic ulnocarpal ligament plication, in addition to LT joint reduction and stabilization, is designed to augment the volar aspect of the LT joint. LT ligament tears are often associated with other pathology, notably ulnarcarpal ligament tears and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint.34 Furthermore, suture plication of the ulno-carpal ligaments shortens their length to act as a checkrein to excessive lunotriquetral motion perhaps similar to ulnar shortening procedures. Prestyloid recess tightening increases tension in the ulnar DRUJ capsule.
The Religious System as Adaptive: Cognitive Flexibility, Public Displays, and Acceptance

Religion is often conceived as a conservative social force that sustains traditional cultural beliefs and behaviors. Religion, however, also exhibits predictable socioecological variation and facilitates adaptive response patterns in the diverse environments that humans inhabit. Here we examine how the religious system, which is composed of a number of interacting components, generates adaptive response patterns. We argue that the religious system accomplishes this by: (1) employing highly flexible cognitive mechanisms, (2) evoking emotional responses that provide reliable information concerning individual physical and psychological states, (3) supporting specialists who introduce religious ideas that endorse and sustain the social order, and (4) encouraging collective acceptance of these ideas with public displays, typically in the form of rituals, badges, and taboos. These interacting components of the religious system ultimately promote prosocial behavior under diverse conditions.
Does Perceived Message Effectiveness Predict the Actual Effectiveness of Tobacco Education Messages? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Target audience ratings of the likely impact of persuasive messages, known as perceived message effectiveness (PME), are commonly used in health communication campaigns. However, applications of PM...
Resiliency Improvement of Electric Shipboard Power System

Resiliency of an all-electric ship that is commissioned for military use is of utmost importance. In this paper, it is evaluated on the basis of total load served following an attack that causes maximum disruption in a network. The worst- case attack is identified using a bi-level and a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) framework. A nominal SPS topology based on Breaker-and-a-half (BAAH) configuration is used in the analysis. The base case BAAH topology is evaluated to survive only up to 3 simultaneous worst case attacks. This paper demonstrates that its resiliency can be increased to survive up to 8 worst case attacks. The improvement is achieved by specific topology modifications such as strategic generator placement, selected bus hardening, increased load in-feeds and bus tie- breakers.
Interpreting cardiac catheterization data. Part 2.

In addition to measurements of pressure in the cardiac chambers and great vessels, cardiac catheterization provides for measurement of cardiac output, detection of shunts, and with injection of contrast medium, delineation of structural abnormalities. Myocardial lactate metabolism provides a means of evaluating the adequacy of coronary blood flow.
Generation and persistence of human tissue-resident memory T cells in lung transplantation

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) maintain immunity in diverse sites as determined in mouse models, whereas their establishment and role in human tissues have been difficult to assess. Here, we investigated human lung TRM generation, maintenance, and function in airway samples obtained longitudinally from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate lung transplant recipients, where donor and recipient T cells could be localized and tracked over time. Donor T cells persist specifically in the lungs (and not blood) of transplant recipients and express high levels of TRM signature markers including CD69, CD103, and CD49a, whereas lung-infiltrating recipient T cells gradually acquire TRM phenotypes over months in vivo. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of airway T cells reveals that donor T cells comprise two TRM-like subsets with varying levels of expression of TRM-associated genes, whereas recipient T cells comprised non-TRM and similar TRM-like subpopulations, suggesting de novo TRM generation. Transplant recipients exhibiting higher frequencies of persisting donor TRM experienced fewer adverse clinical events such as primary graft dysfunction and acute cellular rejection compared with recipients with low donor TRM persistence, suggesting that monitoring TRM dynamics could be clinically informative. Together, our results provide spatial and temporal insights into how human TRM develop, function, persist, and affect tissue integrity within the complexities of lung transplantation.
Intensive Induction Therapy Compared With CHOP for Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Introduction Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma that disproportionately affects individuals with a clinical history of immunosuppression. It carries a poor prognosis, and, owing to its rarity, there is no single or well-established treatment. Patients and Methods We conducted the largest-to-date individual-level meta-analysis based on literature searches to determine the best induction therapy for HSTCL. We compared response rates and survival among patients who received “non–CHOP-based” induction with regimens containing cytarabine, etoposide, and/or platinum-based treatment to those receiving treatment with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) or CHOP-like therapy. We also review additional regimens including alemtuzumab and pentostatin, and assessed the role of consolidation with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Results We identified 166 patients with HSTCL, 118 of whom had sufficient information on induction treatment and survival. Eighty-four patients received non-CHOP-based (N = 34) or CHOP/CHOP-like (N = 50) induction treatment. Non-CHOP-based induction was associated with a complete/partial response rate of 82% compared with 52% (P = .006) with CHOP/CHOP-like and increased median overall survival (P = .00014). Our data showed that maximum survival among patients with HSTCL was achieved with non-CHOP-based induction followed by consolidation with HSCT. Conclusions Non-CHOP-based induction appears superior to CHOP/CHOP-like induction in both achieving complete/partial response and durable survival. Induction therapy of HSTCL should be intensified with non-CHOP-based regimens and followed by consolidation with HSCT in eligible patients.
Assessing the performance of the Asian/Pacific islander identification algorithm to infer Hmong ethnicity from electronic health records in California.

Objective This study assesses the performance of the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Asian/Pacific Islander Identification Algorithm (NAPIIA) to infer Hmong ethnicity. Design and setting Analyses of electronic health records (EHRs) from 1 January 2011 to 1 October 2015. The NAPIIA was applied to the EHR data, and self-reported Hmong ethnicity from a questionnaire was used as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated comparing the source data ethnicity inferred by the algorithm with the self-reported ethnicity from the questionnaire. Participants EHRs indicating Hmong, Chinese, Vietnamese and Korean ethnicity who met the original study inclusion criteria were analysed. Results The NAPIIA had a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 99.9%, a PPV of 96% and an NPV of 99%. The prevalence of Hmong population in the sample was 3.9%. Conclusion The high sensitivity of the NAPIIA indicates its effectiveness in detecting Hmong ethnicity. The applicability of the NAPIIA to a multitude of Asian subgroups can advance Asian health disparity research by enabling researchers to disaggregate Asian data and unmask health challenges of different Asian subgroups.
Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG microencapsulated in alginate/chitosan hydrogel particles during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion: role of chitosan molecular weight

Sodium alginate hydrogel particles coated with cationic biopolymers have been shown to be one of the promising means for probiotic encapsulation and protection. In this study, we aimed to systematically explore the effect of molecular weight of chitosan coating on the functional performance of sodium alginate hydrogel particles for improving the viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). We first electrostatically deposited three different molecular weights of chitosan coatings, i.e., chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-chitosan) and medium molecular weight chitosan (MMW-chitosan) on sodium alginate hydrogel particles. Both SEM and FTIR results indicated that chitosan was successfully deposited onto the surface of the hydrogel particles. We then evaluated the effect of chitosan MW on the viability of LGG encapsulated in the hydrogels during long-term storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Among them, the hydrogel particles coated with COS prevented the viability loss of LLG during long-term storage at different temperatures (4, 25 and 37 °C). However, we did not find any improvement in the viability of the encapsulated LGG by all three chitosan coatings during simulated digestion.
VISIT-TO-VISIT VARIABILITY IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: THE CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY

Blood pressure (BP) is an inherently dynamic risk factor that can vary over time. Rather than representing random fluctuations, visit-to-visit BP variability is a reproducible measure that is associated with heart failure (HF). We tested the hypothesis that visit-to-visit BP variability was
Models of Legal Systems: Spotlight on the United States

A firm understanding of the United States legal system requires an understanding of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The U.S. legal system is divided into three branches of government which all have delegated tasks and roles to achieve a ‘checks and balances’ state of function. The legislative branch is charged with making our laws, the executive branch carries them out and the judicial branch enforces them. Similar to some countries but very different from others, the United States judicial system operates with different levels and jurisdictions of courts. The states each operate their own tiers of courts, beginning with trial courts where cases are initially heard, and moving on to appellate courts where appeals can be addressed and finally a state supreme court. The Federal Court system is structured in a similar manner, with the top court in the Federal realm being the United States Supreme Court. Issues surrounding written versus oral testimony and the rules governing what evidence can be entered into court proceedings are also crucial information with which a forensic psychologist needs to be familiar.
Assessing historic water extents in rapidly changing lakes: a hybrid remote sensing classification approach

Abstract. The empirical attribution of rapid hydrologic change presents a unique data availability challenge in terms of establishing baseline prior conditions. On the one hand, one cannot go back in time to collect the necessary in situ data if it were not serendipitously collected when the change was taking place. On the other hand, modern satellite monitoring missions are often too recent to capture changes that are ancient enough to provide sufficient observations for adequate statistical inference. In that context, the four decades of continuous global high resolution monitoring enabled by the Landsat missions are an unrivaled source of information to study hydrologic change globally. However, extracting the relevant time series information in a systematic way across Landsat missions remains a monumental challenge. Cloud masking and inconsistent image quality often complicate the automatized interpretation of optical imagery. Focusing on the monitoring of lake water extents, we address this challenge by coupling supervised and unsupervised image classification techniques. Unsupervised classification is first used to detect water on unmasked (cloudless and high quality) pixels. Classification results are then compiled across images to estimate the inundation frequency of each pixel, hinging on the assumption that different pixels will be masked at different times. Inundation frequency is then leveraged to infer the inundation status of masked pixels on individual images through supervised classification. Applied to a representative set of global and rapidly changing lakes, the approach successfully captured water extent fluctuations obtained from in situ gauges (when applicable), or from other Landsat missions during overlapping time periods.
Demixing Calcium Imaging Data in C. elegans via Deformable Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Extracting calcium traces from the neurons of C. elegans is an important problem, enabling the study of individual neuronal activity and the large-scale dynamics that govern behavior. Traditionally, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) methods have been successful in demixing and denoising cellular calcium activity in relatively motionless or pre-registered videos. However, in the case of C. elegans or other animal models where motion compensation methods fail to stabilize the effect of even mild motion in the imaging data, standard NMF methods fail to capture cellular footprints since these footprints are variable in time. In this work, we introduce deformable non-negative matrix factorization (dNMF), which models the motion trajectory of the underlying image space using a polynomial basis function. Spatial footprints and neural activity are optimized jointly with motion trajectories in a matrix tri-factorization setting. On simulated data, dNMF is demonstrated to outperform currently available demixing methods as well as methods that account for motion and demixing separately. Furthermore, we display the practical utility of our approach in extracting calcium traces from C. elegans microscopy videos. The extracted traces elucidate spontaneous neural activity as well as responses to stimuli. Open source code implementing this pipeline is available at https://github.com/amin-nejat/dNMF
Nearly Neighbors: Reflections on Philosophy of Religion and Its Close Encounters with Modern Jewish Thought

Sarah Hammerschlag’s essay “Nearly Neighbors: Reflections on Philosophy of Religion and its close encounters with Modern Jewish Thought” considers the role of Modern Jewish Thought in the history of the Philosophy of Religions and by way of three examples shows how the encounters between Judaism and philosophy in the modern era have served as sites of negotiation. In the process, Hammerschlag proposes that philosophy of religion should be considered less as a discipline focused on the validity of concepts and more as one that investigates their historical emergence and evaluates their subsequent usage and dissemination.
The American System of economic growth

The early history of industrialization in the United States—famously known as “The American System of Manufactures”—exhibited four key features: the substitution of specialized intermediate inputs for skilled work in assembling final goods, the freedom with which knowledge has long been shared in the United States, a learning technology that leverages existing mechanical know-how in human capital accumulation, and increasing returns to intermediate inputs in processing final goods. Our endogenous growth model embodies these components and utilizes historical time series data on labor force “operatives” and the Census of Manufactures to calibrate the model’s parameters. Our simulation closely matches the 1.88% average per capita product growth in the United States from 1860 to date. The simulation predicts that growth will peak in 1980 and ultimately converge to 1.31%—a growth slowdown rooted from the beginning in the economization of skilled labor inherent in the American System. By 2000, simulated per capita product is 2.21 times larger than a counterfactual in which the American System of manufactures never existed.
A lack of clear dietary differences between ontogenetic stages of invasive slippersnails provides important insights into resource use and potential inter- and intra-specific competition

A recommendation of: Thibault Androuin, Stanislas F. Dubois, Cedric Hubas, Gwendoline Lefebvre, Fabienne Le Grand, Gauthier Schaal, Antoine Carlier Trophic niche of the invasive gregarious species Crepidula fornicata, in relation to ontogenic changes 10.1101/2020.07.30.229021
The development and testing of a vaccine for the prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

We have purified, concentrated and stabilized the protein cytotoxin from Moraxella bovis. The toxin is concentrated on a filter with a 500,000 kDa molecular weight cut off. Small proteins are removed by extensive diafiltration on the same filter. The cytotoxin is concentrated approximately 500 fold, and remains active after 5 months of freezing. A vaccine trial for toxicity and efficacy were performed.
Incoherent 3D k-space synthesis with volumetric optical coherence refraction tomography

We present 3D optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT), which incoherently synthesizes an extended 3D transfer function using multi-view OCT volumes spanning two angular dimensions. Our setup features a novel use of parabolic mirrors, achieving millimetric fields of view over ±75◦ without rotation stages.
Supracervical Hysterectomy is Protective Against Mesh Complications After Robotic-Assisted Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy: A Population Based Cohort Study of 12,189 Patients.

Introduction:Although Minimally Invasive (robotic or laparoscopic) Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy (MISC) has become the new gold-standard for durable pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair after the vaginal ...
Patient experience with healthcare: Feedback for a Post COVID-19 clinic at a tertiary care center in rural area

Purpose: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection(PASC) is a complex condition with multi-system involvement. We assessed patients perspectives and experience with a PASC clinic established at University of Iowa in June 2020. Methods: We conducted a mixed-method survey in June 2021 to ask PASC clinic patients about 1) PASC symptoms and their impact on physical and mental health, and cognition using the PROMIS Global Health and Cognitive Function abilities items, and 2) satisfaction with clinic services and referrals, barriers to care, and recommended support resources. Findings: Ninety-seven patients (97/277, 35% response rate) completed the survey. Most were women(67%, n=65/97), Caucasian(93%, n=90/97) and received outpatient care during acute COVID-19 illness (79%). Fifty percent reported wait time of 1-3 months and 40% traveled >1 hour for the appointment at PASC clinic. The most common symptoms >3 months from initial infection were fatigue (77%), brain fog (73%), exercise intolerance (73%), anxiety (63%), sleep difficulties (56%) and depression (44%). A minority of patients reported significantly reduced functioning (≥1.5 SD below mean) of their physical health (22.5%), mental health (15.9%) and cognitive abilities (17.6%). Qualitative analysis of open-ended answers added valuable context to quantitative results. Satisfaction with clinical services was high though participants identified barriers to care including scheduling delays and financial concerns. Respondents suggested potential strategies for optimizing recovery including continuity of care, a co-located multispecialty clinic and being provided with timely information from emerging research. Conclusion: Our study reports high PASC symptom burden, its impact on health and patient experience with healthcare. It is important that primary healthcare professionals listen to patients with empathy and support them during recovery. Healthcare systems and policymakers should focus on accessible, comprehensive, and patient-centered integrated care.
From the Sabatier principle to a predictive theory of transition-metal heterogeneous catalysis

We discuss three concepts that have made it possible to develop a quantitative understanding of trends in transition-metal catalysis: scaling relations, activity maps, and the d-band model. Scaling relations are correlations between surface bond energies of different adsorbed species including transition states; they open the possibility of mapping the many parameters determining the rate of a full catalytic reaction onto a few descriptors. The resulting activity map can be viewed as a quantitative implementation of the classical Sabatier principle, which states that there is an optimum “bond strength” defining the best catalyst for a given reaction. In the modern version, the scaling relations determine the relevant “bond strengths” and the fact that these descriptors can be measured or calculated makes it a quantitative theory of catalysis that can be tested experimentally by making specific predictions of new catalysts. The quantitative aspect of the model therefore provides new possibilities in catalyst design. Finally, the d-band model provides an understanding of the scaling relations and variations in catalytic activity in terms of the electronic structure of the transition-metal surface.
Special Education Complaint Resolution: Ohio

This article explores results in Ohio from state complaints filed in special education matters. It concludes that this process, at least in Ohio, tends to yield more favorable results to parents and their children than a due process hearing before a hearing officer. These results are worthy of investigation in other jurisdictions to see if the complaint process is typically more favorable to parents and their children than the hearing officer process.
Ikaros deletions in BCR-ABL-negative childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with a distinct gene expression signature but do not result in intrinsic chemoresistance.

Background Ikaros, the product of IKZF1, is a regulator of lymphoid development and polymorphisms in the gene have been associated with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Additionally, IKZF1 deletions and mutations identify high-risk biological subsets of childhood ALL [Georgopoulos et al. Cell 1995;83(2):289–299; Mullighan et al. N Engl J Md 2009;360(5):470–480]. Procedures To discover the underlying pathways modulated by Ikaros we performed gene expression and gene ontology analysis in IKZF1 deleted primary B-ALL pediatric patient samples. To validate downstream targets we performed qPCR on individual patient samples. We also created IKZF1 knockdown B-ALL cell lines with over 50% reduction of Ikaros, mimicking haplosufficient Ikaros deletions, and again performed qPCR to investigate the downstream targets. Finally, to understand the association of Ikaros deletion with a poor prognosis we challenged our IKZF1 knockdown cell lines with chemotherapy and compared responses to IKZF1 wild-type controls. Results We report a specific gene expression signature of 735 up-regulated and 473 down-regulated genes in IKZF1 deleted primary B-ALL pediatric patient samples. Gene ontology studies revealed an up-regulation of genes associated with cell adhesion, cytoskeletal regulation, and motility in IKZF deleted patient samples. Validated up-regulated target genes in IKZF1 deleted patient samples included CTNND1 and PVRL2 (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.001), and RAB3IP and SPIB (P = 0.005 and P = 0.032) were down-regulated. In further studies in IKZF1 knockdown cell lines, apoptosis assays showed no significant chemoresistance. Conclusion IKZF1 knockdown alone does not impart intrinsic chemotherapy resistance suggesting that the association with a poor prognosis may be due to additional lesions, microenvironmental interactions with the bone marrow niche, or other factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1779–1785. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconciling Morse with Brandenburg

This Note examines Morse v. Frederick in connection with the Brandenburg v. Ohio test governing speech that advocates unlawful acts. In Morse, the U.S. Supreme Court devised a new test that gives school officials the power to restrict student speech promoting the use of illegal drugs. However, in Brandenburg, the Supreme Court held that speech must be struck down if the speaker intends to incite imminent lawless action and that speech is likely to produce such action. This Note argues that a relaxed application of the Brandenburg standard would be useful in prohibiting student drug speech within a school setting.
Evaluation of the Recombigen HIV-1 Latex Agglutination Test.

The Recombigen HIV-1 Latex Agglutination (LA) Test was recently licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a rapid screening assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies. However, its performance in various settings and in different populations has not been firmly established. Consequently, we evaluated the test in the Cleveland Clinic Retrovirus Laboratory, a regional reference laboratory for HIV diagnostic testing and a testing laboratory for the Ohio Department of Health Anonymous HIV Testing and Counseling Program. Serum samples from 93 individuals presumed to be at high risk for HIV infection were evaluated. The sera were initially tested for HIV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All repeatedly reactive sera were subjected to confirmatory Western blot (WB; immunoblot) testing. Of 97 serum specimens tested (5 were from one seroconverter), 44 were repeatedly reactive by ELISA and 53 were nonreactive. Of the reactive serum specimens, 31 were confirmed positive and 12 were indeterminate by WB. All of the sera were coded and then retested by the LA test. Of 53 serum specimens nonreactive by ELISA, 51 were also nonreactive in the LA test. Of the 44 serum specimens reactive by ELISA, 16 were nonreactive by LA; however, 3 of the latter were WB positive. No serum specimen with an ELISA ratio (specimen optical density/cutoff optical density) of less than 2.1 scored reactive in the LA test. The LA test was positive for only two of five consecutive serum specimens from a seroconverter despite the fact that all but the earliest of these were ELISA reactive and WB positive. Although the LA test appears to be an adequate first-line screening test when appropriately used according to the directions of the manufacturer, our data suggest that occasional sera with low levels of reactivity by ELISA may not be readily detected as reactive by the LA test.
Understanding the Challenges to Providing Disabilities Services and Rehabilitation in Rural Alaska: Where Do We Go From Here?

American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) suffer from some of the highest rates of health and mental health-related disabilities. Despite high rates of disabilities experienced among this population, services available to treat the disabilities are extremely limited, especially within the rural Alaska context. Additionally, limited research exists regarding the perceived barriers to receiving disability services, the importance of treating disabilities within one's own community, and individual and community-level strengths that exist to help cope with the lack of services. This article attempts to bring awareness to these issues, as well as propose tangible solutions to help mitigate the barriers.
64 Ni+ 64 Ni fusion reaction calculated with the density-constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock formalism

We study fusion reactions of the {sup 64}Ni+{sup 64}Ni system using the density-constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) formalism. In this formalism the fusion barriers are directly obtained from TDHF dynamics. In addition, we incorporate the entrance channel alignments of the slightly deformed (oblate) {sup 64}Ni nuclei resulting from dynamical Coulomb excitation. We show that alignment leads to a fusion barrier distribution and alters the naive picture for defining which energies are actually sub-barrier. We also show that core orientation effects could play a significant role in fusion cross section calculations.
Prevention of liver necrosis after hepatic artery ligation by renal vein-portal vein shunt☆

Abstract After hepatic artery ligation in 13 dogs, five underwent a renal vein-portal vein shunt. Liver cultures and liver- and renal-function studies were performed before and after the surgery. All control dogs died within 36 hr with markedly abnormal liver studies and Clostridia or Lactobacillus infections. Renal studies remained normal. Four of the five shunted dogs did well both clinically and chemically until sacrifice. One died of shunt thrombosis. Renal vein-portal vein anastamosis can, therefore, prevent liver necrosis and death after hepatic artery ligation probably due to the increased oxygen content of the additional renal vein blood.
Elemental analysis of slurry samples with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Direct analysis of wet slurry samples with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is challenging due to problems of sedimentation, splashing, and surface turbulence. Also, water can quench the laser plasma and suppress the LIBS signal, resulting in poor sensitivity. The effect of water on LIBS spectra from slurries was investigated. As the water content decreased, the LIBS signal was enhanced and the standard deviation was reduced. To improve LIBS slurry analysis, dried slurry samples prepared by applying slurry on PVC coated slides were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate calibration was performed on the LIBS spectra of the dried slurry samples for elemental analysis of Mg, Si, and Fe. Calibration results show that the dried slurry samples give a good correlation between spectral intensity and elemental concentration.
Predictors of Career Indecision in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of College Women:

This study examines the contributions of career-related barrier and social support perceptions, barrier-related coping beliefs, and career decision-making self-efficacy beliefs to the prediction of career indecision in three racial/ethnic groups of college women. Results indicate that although there are no racial/ethnic differences across scores on most of the key measures, African American women perceive significantly greater career barriers than do either White or Hispanic women. Separate within-racial/ethnic group regressions of career indecision scores indicate that the full model collectively accounted for substantial amounts of criterion variance (range of R2 = .31 to .47), although the pattern of predictor contributions varies somewhat across the three groups.