cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived spatial stigma, body mass index and blood pressure: a global positioning system study among low-income housing residents in New York City

Previous research has highlighted the salience of spatial stigma on the lives of low-income residents, but has been theoretical in nature and/or has predominantly utilised qualitative methods with limited generalisability and ability to draw associations between spatial stigma and measured cardiovascular health outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate relationships between perceived spatial stigma, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure among a sample of low-income housing residents in New York City (NYC). Data come from the community-based NYC Low-income Housing, Neighborhoods and Health Study. We completed a crosssectional analysis with survey data, which included the four items on spatial stigma, as well objectively measured BMI and blood pressure data (analytic n=116; 96.7% of the total sample). Global positioning systems (GPS) tracking of the sample was conducted for a week. In multivariable models (controlling for individual-level age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, total household income, neighborhood percent non-Hispanic Black and neighborhood median household income) we found that participants who reported living in an area with a bad neighborhood reputation had higher BMI (B=4.2, 95%CI: -0.01, 8.3, P=0.051), as well as higher systolic blood pressure (B=13.2, 95%CI: 3.2, 23.1, P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (B=8.5, 95%CI: 2.8, 14.3, P=0.004). In addition, participants who reported living in an area with a bad neighborhood reputation had increased risk of obesity/overweight [relative risk (RR)=1.32, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.4, P=0.02) and hypertension/pre-hypertension (RR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.4, P=0.007). However, we found no differences in spatial mobility (based GPS data) among participants who reported living in neighborhoods with and without spatial stigma (P>0.05). Further research is needed to investigate how placebased stigma may be associated with impaired cardiovascular health among individuals in stigmatised neighborhoods to inform effective cardiovascular risk reduction interventions.
Down South: Regional Exploitation Films, Southern Audiences, and Hillbilly Horror in Herschell Gordon Lewis's Two Thousand Maniacs! (1964)

Abstract:This article analyzes Two Thousand Maniacs! (1964), directed by “Godfather of Gore” Herschell Gordon Lewis, in the context of the history of 1960s independent exploitation film production. Lewis and Maniacs represent an important yet marginalized regional alternative—in terms of production, distribution, exhibition, and audiences—to both the mainstream Hollywood film industry and the slightly larger-scale and more mainstream exploitation-style filmmakers of the era. Maniacs also importantly reveals the marginalized, rural, and predominantly Southern drive-in audiences that made up Lewis's primary market and to whom the film, in its representation of murderous rural Southerners, directly speaks in this historical moment of the Civil War centennial and the escalating civil rights movement. Furthermore, Maniacs establishes important precedents for the development of the horror film in terms of the introduction and mainstreaming of gore horror and its bloody effects as well as the “hillbilly horror” ...
Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia: experience and recommendations.

Objectives: To distinguish chronic idiopathic neutrophilia (CIN) in a cost-effective manner from neutrophilia caused by important underlying illnesses. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients visiting a Veterans Affairs Medical Center over the last 10 years with a diagnosis of leukocytosis or myeloproliferative disorder. Of this group, fifty-seven patients from 1999 to 2008 were identified with CIN. Clinical and laboratory parameters were examined to identify CIN and establish its course. Eighty-one patients who presented from 2005 to 2010 with myeloproliferative disorders were also studied at time of diagnosis to determine any possible confusion with CIN. Results: The patients with CIN were followed for a mean of >7.3 years without progression to other serious disorders. Compared to non-CIN patients evaluated for neutrophilia, in multiple logistic regression analyses, smoking (P = .001) and increased BMI (P = .004) were significantly associated with CIN. No CIN patient developed a clinically apparent myeloproliferative disorder other than chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Of the patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms reviewed at the time of their initial diagnosis, only CML occasionally presented with a picture consistent with CIN. For non-smokers, the BMI of CIN patients was significantly higher than the average VA population (P <.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and obesity are confirmed as factors associated with CIN and may be causative. CIN is unlikely to develop into a clinically recognizable myeloproliferative neoplasm other than CML. Cost-effective guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of neutrophilia in otherwise healthy patients are presented.
Editing Transgenic DNA Components by Inducible Gene Replacement in Drosophila melanogaster.

Gene conversions occur when genomic double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) trigger unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a homologous template sequence. Exogenous or mutated sequence can be introduced through this homology-directed repair (HDR). We leveraged gene conversion to develop a method for genomic editing of existing transgenic insertions in Drosophila melanogaster . The clustered regularly-interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is used in the h omology a ssisted C RISPR k nock-in (HACK) method to induce DSBs in a GAL4 transgene, which is repaired by a single-genomic transgenic construct containing GAL4 homologous sequences flanking a T2A-QF2 cassette. With two crosses, this technique converts existing GAL4 lines, including enhancer traps, into functional QF2 expressing lines. We used HACK to convert the most commonly-used GAL4 lines (labeling tissues such as neurons, fat, glia, muscle, and hemocytes) to QF2 lines. We also identified regions of the genome that exhibited differential efficiencies of HDR. The HACK technique is robust and readily adaptable for targeting and replacement of other genomic sequences, and could be a useful approach to repurpose existing transgenes as new genetic reagents become available.
Semiconductor Spintronics for Quantum Computation

Encoding quantum information in spins embedded in semiconductors (electronic, ionic, or nuclear) offers several potential approaches towards solid-state quantum computation. Electronic spin transport, persistence and manipulation in nonmagnetic semiconductor materials, as well as the interaction of electronic spins with optics, are the fundamental properties reviewed here. The presentation focuses on the material properties important for implementing quantum computation, and on the characteristics that may lead more rapidly to scalable solutions for quantum information processing.
Searching bibliographic data using graphs: A visual graph query interface

Abstract With the ever-increasing scientific literature, improving the efficiency of searching bibliographic data has become an important issue. With a lack of support of current bibliographic information retrieval systems in expressing complicated information needs, getting relevant bibliographic data is a demanding task. In this paper, we propose a visual graph query interface for bibliographic information retrieval. Through this interface, users can formulate bibliographic queries by interacting with a graph. Visual graph queries use a set of nodes with constraints and links among nodes to represent explicit and precise bibliographic information needs. The proposed visual graph query interface allows users to formulate several complex bibliographic queries (e.g., bibliographic coupling) that are not attainable in current major bibliographic information retrieval systems. In addition, the proposed interface requires less number of queries in completing everyday bibliographic search tasks.
ICT/Cyber benefits and costs: Reconciling competing perspectives on the current and future balance

Abstract Information and communications technology (ICT)/cyber technologies become ever-more embedded in our economies and societies, bringing both benefits and risk-related costs. The balance between those benefits and costs, over time and across countries, remains poorly understood. This gives rise to conflicting narratives about the future of ICT: either (1) continued rapid benefit growth with new waves of ICT technology; or (2) increasing cyber-attack costs will come to swamp benefits. We explore how the balance between benefits and costs might change at the global, country-grouping, and country-level out to 2030. Because the existing literature provides little foundation for integrated analysis, we did extensive conceptual research and data gathering from diverse sources. The benefits include the growth of the ICT sector itself, its contribution to broader productivity as a general purpose technology, and its benefits for consumers as value for price rises very significantly. The costs include security spending, the impact of adverse cyber events, and opportunity foregone if the technology is underutilized. We extended International Futures (IFs), an existing multi-issue, multi-country, long-term forecasting system with formulations driving ICT/cyber advance and impact. In Base Case analysis we found that, while annual costs related to cyber-attacks and cyber-security spending do come to outweigh the annual incremental economic benefits from ICT use in high-income countries, over time the compounding nature of the benefits versus the more additive nature of the costs means that the cumulative benefits will outstrip the cumulative costs by tens of trillions of dollars over even medium-term forecast horizons. For lower-income and middle-income countries both annual and cumulative analyses suggest that benefits will continue to outweigh costs. On a global basis the cumulative net benefits could exceed $100 trillion through 2030. Four scenarios with significantly different assumptions about technological development and the unfolding of adverse events changed the total values of benefits and risk-related costs, but not the overall conclusion.
Teaching NeuroImages: A spiritual visual hallucination from a right parieto-occipital seizure: Ictal guardian angel.

A 59-year-old woman with epilepsy reported episodes of dizziness, blurred vision, and an occasional stereotyped visual hallucination of a guardian angel. She had experienced this recurrent hallucination since childhood, and could draw it in detail (figure 1). MRI brain revealed a right parieto-occipital lesion (figure 2A). Inpatient EEG monitoring captured multiple seizures evolving over the right posterior quadrant. With one typical electrographic seizure (figure 2B), she awakened from stage II sleep, reporting seeing her guardian angel at bedside within 10 seconds of electrographic seizure offset. Among focal epilepsy patients, 0.4%–3.1% report ictal religious experiences.1
Validating the Water Flooding Approach by Comparing It to Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations.

The study of the function of proteins on a quantitative level requires consideration of the water molecules in and around the protein. This requirement presents a major computational challenge due to the fact that the insertion of water molecules can have very high activation barrier and would require a long simulation time. Recently we developed a water flooding (WF) approach which is based on a post processing Monte Carlo ranking of possible water configurations. This approach appears to provide a very effective way for assessing the insertion free energies and determining the most likely configurations of the internal water molecules. Although the WF approach was used effectively in very challenging cases that have not been addressed successfully by other microscopic methods, it was not validated by a comparison to the more rigorous grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Here we validate the WF approach by comparing its performance to that of the GCCM approach. It is found that the WF approach repr...
CsPbBr3 Solar Cells: Controlled Film Growth through Layer-by-Layer Quantum Dot Deposition

All inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite is a more stable alternative to methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) for designing high open-circuit voltage solar cells and display devices. Poor solubility of CsBr in organic solvents makes typical solution deposition methods difficult to adapt for constructing CsPbBr3 devices. Our layer-by-layer methodology, which makes use of CsPbBr3 quantum dot (QD) deposition followed by annealing, provides a convenient way to cast stable films of desired thickness. The transformation from QDs into bulk during thermal annealing arises from the resumption of nanoparticle growth and not from sintering as generally assumed. Additionally, a large loss of organic material during the annealing process is mainly from 1-octadecene left during the QD synthesis. Utilizing this deposition approach for perovskite photovoltaics is examined using typical planar architecture devices. Devices optimized to both QD spin-casting concentration and overall CsPbBr3 thickness produce...
The Future of Tolerant Pluralism

This chapter considers six areas of understanding deriving from an analysis of the social teaching of the Anabaptists of the early sixteenth-century, which suggest possibilities for further research: pluralism in the early sixteenth-century as an idea before its time; pacifism; violent resistance and nonviolent conflict; secularism as an existential faith and the suppression of dissent; multicamerality; and the limits of tolerant pluralism.
The neuroscience of morality and social decision-making.

Across cultures humans care deeply about morality and create institutions, such as criminal courts, to enforce social norms. In such contexts, judges and juries engage in complex social decision-ma...
Popkin' Skepticism And The Cynical Tradition

The philosophical heritage of ancient Greece has come down to us in several streams of traditions. The Platonic and Aristotelian traditions are the two best known. After them, I suppose the sophists, stoics, and Epicureans are next in terms of public and scholarly recognition. Ancient skepticism has only made a comeback in the study of the history of philosophy in the last fifty years or so, and I do not have to tell readers of this volume that this comeback was largely inspired by Richard Popkin. In this chapter I want to set up his achievement in recovering the tradition of skepticism as the background for a further exploration. What about other traditions of ancient philosophy, such as the cynics? Why did Popkin ignore them, and why do most students of ancient philosophy pass over them so quickly, if they are aware of them at all? There are several answers to these questions. One is that Popkin had enough on his hands in dealing with skeptics, millenarians, and Jews.1 No one can do everything. This is possible, of course, but I would rather see a more principled reason. Another is that in our specializing society, you do not need to know anything about the cynics to be a specialist on the skeptics, or Plato, or Aristotle. A third is that philosophy understood as metaphysics and epistemology will not have much respect for schools that reject metaphysics and epistemology: “they are not philosophers”. A fourth is that we do not have much information about the cynics: just a few works and fragments. The last three answers were the same sort of reasons that militated against treating ancient skepticism as philosophy, and Richard Popkin overcame these objections. So I ask again, why didn’t he include cynicism in his Umwertung aller philosophischer Wertungen? Let us start with Popkin’s achievement. When he began, very little modern scholarship had been written about the ancient skeptics, and most of it was
A novel cause of rebreathing carbon dioxide related to removed CLIC-seal on the Dräger Apollo© anesthesia machine

We present a case report involving two sequential, surgically uneventful, laparoscopic cholecystectomies using the same anesthesia machine (Drager Apollo©) for which the level of inspired carbon dioxide was noted to be elevated following various diagnostic interventions including replacing the sodalime, increasing fresh gas flows, and a full inspection of equipment for malfunction. Eventually it was discovered that a rubber ring seal connecting the Dragersorb CLIC system© to the sodalime canister was inadvertently removed during the initial canister exchange resulting in an apparent bypassing of the absorbent and thus an inability of the exhaled gas to contact the sodalime. To our knowledge this is the first such description of this potential cause of elevated inspired carbon dioxide and should warrant consideration when other conventional interventions have failed.
Potentiation of Endothelin-1 Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction by Acidosis

Acidosis blunts the effect of many pulmonary vasoconstrictors (Porcelli, et al., 1971). However, previous studies have demonstrated that acidosis markedly increases the binding of 125I Endothelin-1 (ET-1) to rabbit lung membranes (Rosenkranz and Gillis, 1990). We therefore sought to assess the effect of acidosis on ET-1 induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Genetic predisposition to coronavirus-induced retinal disease

Purpose Retinal inflammatory and degenerative processes in humans and animals frequently are associated with genetic factors. The murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), JHM strain, induces a biphasic retinal disease in adult BALB/c mice. The genetic constitution of the host and the virus serotype can be critical factors in determining the outcome of a virus infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible role of host genetics in murine coronavirus-induced retinal disease. Methods JHM virus was inoculated by the intravitreal route into BALB/c, CD-1, and A/J mice. At varying times after inoculation, eye tissues were evaluated histologically. Antibody responses to the virus were evaluated by neutralization assays. Results JHM virus induces a biphasic retinal disease in BALB/c mice. In the early phase, 1 to 7 days after inoculation, retinal vasculitis is observed. The second phase, characterized by retinal degeneration in the absence of inflammation, is seen by day 10 and progresses for several months. There is a similar biphasic disease process in JHM virus-infected A/J mice. However, retinal changes are less severe than those seen in BALB/c mice. Retinal tissue damage induced by JHM virus in CD-1 mice is different. Only the early phase of the disease, consisting of retinal vasculitis, was observed. These CD-1 mice do not develop the retinal degenerative disease. In fact, after day 10, the retina has a normal appearance. These differences in retinal tissue damage are seen over a wide range of infectivity of the virus inocula. Virus concentrations ranging from 10(1.4) to 10(4.4) TCID50/5 microliters were capable of inducing both inflammation and degeneration in BALB/c mice, whereas, the highest concentration of virus (10(4.4) TCID50/5 microliters) in CD-1 mice resulted in only the early inflammatory changes. Conclusions The authors show that the genetics of the host can profoundly affect the nature of retinal tissue damage. These studies substantiate the concept that a virus can indeed trigger retinal degenerative processes in genetically susceptible hosts.
Medical Aspects of Posthumous Reproduction

With advances in our understanding of and improved outcomes with reproductive biology, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become more accessible to the general public, opening new options for couples with a variety of fertility-related issues. With the increasing use of ART, the desire for posthumous reproduction – fertility preservation from deceased persons – has come to light. As reproductive options increase, this topic is becoming increasingly prevalent and remains both interesting and controversial from medical, ethical, and legal perspectives. Male fertility specialists are asked to perform posthumous sperm procurement and are faced with the ethical quandaries involving both the donor’s rights and the potential future child’s well-being. These requests are often highly emotionally charged for all parties involved. Herein, we review the history of postmortem sperm procurement, surgical techniques, ethical and legal considerations, and the current guidelines available for clinical decision making. In this way, when these controversial cases arise, the most rational, effective, and ethically prudent decisions will be made for all parties involved.
Inhibiting gustatory thalamus or medial amygdala has opposing effects on taste neophobia

Taste neophobia is a feeding system defense mechanism that limits consumption of an unknown, and therefore potentially dangerous, edible until the post-ingestive consequences are experienced. We found that transient pharmacological inhibition (induced with the GABA agonists baclofen and muscimol) of the gustatory thalamus (GT; Experiment 1), but not medial amygdala (MeA; Experiment 2), during exposure to a novel saccharin solution attenuated taste neophobia. In Experiment 3 we found that inhibition of MeA neurons (induced with the chemogenetic receptor hM4DGi) enhanced the expression of taste neophobia whereas excitation of MeA neurons (with hM3DGq) had no influence of taste neophobia. Overall, these results refine the temporal involvement of the GT in the occurrence of taste neophobia and support the hypothesis that neuronal excitation in the GT is necessary for taste neophobia. Conversely, we show that chemogenetically, but not pharmacologically, inhibiting MeA neurons is sufficient to exaggerate the expression of taste neophobia.
A Rare Occurrence of Isolated Brain Metastases from Gastric Cancer

Background. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The majority of newly diagnosed gastric cancer cases present either as locally advanced tumor growth or with distant metastases. Case Report. Here, we describe a case of isolated brain metastases in a male patient with gastric cancer. Initially, our patient presented with dysphagia and was diagnosed with gastric cancer after a thorough evaluation. One year after chemotherapy and surgical resection of his gastric cancer, he presented with headaches, nausea, dizziness, and photophobia. Further evaluation of these symptoms led to the discovery of three metastatic brain lesions without evidence of extracranial metastases. Conclusions. Our review of the literature has found that such cases are rare. Additionally, our review of the literature demonstrates the poor outcomes associated with metastatic brain lesions from gastric cancer and highlights the importance of surgical resection in increasing overall survival time.
Implications of the Genitourinary Microbiota in Prostatic Disease

To summarize recent investigation into associations between the genitourinary microbiota and prostatic disease. The genitourinary tract is not sterile. There are microbial communities (microbiota) in each niche of the genitourinary tract including the bladder, prostate, and urethra, which have been the subject of increasing scientific interest. Investigators have utilized several unique methods to study them, resulting in a highly heterogeneous body of literature. To characterize these genitourinary microbiota, diverse clinical specimens have been analyzed, including urine obtained by various techniques, seminal fluid, expressed prostatic secretions, and prostatic tissue. Recent studies have attempted to associate the microbiota detected from these samples with urologic disease and have implicated the genitourinary microbiota in many common conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). In this review, we summarize the recent literature pertaining to the genitourinary microbiota and its relationship to the pathophysiology and management of three common prostatic conditions: BPH, prostate cancer, and CP/CPPS.
Vulnerability and Community: Unprecedented Itineraries Beyond the Buffered Self

AbstractThis article examines identity development in light of Charles Taylor’s notion of the “Buffered Self.” Educating in faith toward the deconstruction of unjust identity norms requires finding...
Disrupting White Privilege: Diving beneath Shame and Guilt.

The persistence of white privilege and escalating racism in the United States challenges religious educators to analyze the roots and destructive potential of both. This article draws on historical...
Are Radical Genetic Enhancements a Type of Contemporary Edenic Deception

One of the central appeals of the scientific enterprise is its epistemic and explanatory power, which can be harnessed to increasingly control biological phenomena and institute interventions in di...
A Study of Perceived Nature, Shade and Trees and Self-Reported Physical Activity in Denver.

(1) Background: Current evidence on the association between greenery and physical activity (PA) remains inconsistent. Most studies on this association use objective measures of greenness, which do not reveal people’s perceptions of greenness in neighborhoods, or the role of quality components of greenness, such as shade, trees, and the presence of nature on this association. (2) Methods: Drawing on data from the Neighborhood Environment and Health Survey—a cross-sectional population-based survey of Denver residents in 2007—we examined which measures of greenness (perceived and objective) correlated with the self-reported PA. We also assessed how components of perceived greenness, shade, trees and the presence of nature, correlated with PA. (3) Results: Perceived greenness, reflecting perception of trees, shade and the presence of nature, was positively associated with reported moderate–vigorous PA. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence that quality aspects of greenness affect people’s perception of the neighborhood in a way that relates to PA. The individual contributions of shade, trees, and the presence of nature in this association should be analyzed in future studies. Understanding the link between shade and trees and PA has implications for how to plan for walkability and sun safety at the neighborhood scale.
Doing it Old School: Reflections on Giving Back

This research note is part of the thematic section, Practical Realities of Giving Back, in the special issue titled “Giving Back in Field Research,” published as Volume 10, Issue 2 in the Journal of Research Practice.
Causes of death following neuroendocrine tumors diagnosis: A United States population-based analysis.

630Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are heterogeneous in terms of prognosis based on location, grade, and stage. In this study we report causes of deaths (COD) in patients with NET. Methods:...
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Preterm Pregnant Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Data suggest that pregnant women are not at elevated risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or developing severe disease compared with nonpregnant patients. However, management of pregnant patients who are critically ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is complicated by physiologic changes and other pregnancy considerations and requires balancing maternal and fetal well-being. Case: We report the case of a patient at 28 weeks of gestation with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19 infection, whose deteriorating respiratory condition prompted delivery. Our patient's oxygenation and respiratory mechanics improved within hours of delivery, though she required prolonged mechanical ventilation until postpartum day 10. Neonatal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM were negative. Conclusion: We describe our multidisciplinary management of a preterm pregnant patient with ARDS from COVID-19 infection and her neonate.
Ethical and Empowering Leadership Styles and Follower Creativity: A Meta-Analytic Review

The importance of creativity in contributing to organizational innovation, survival, and growth is widely recognized, especially in today’s knowledge-based economy. Although leadership has been ide...
Ophthalmic Consequences of Orbital Trauma

SUMMARY The globe and adjacent structures must be examined fully and systematically when there is any question of orbital trauma.
How Skateboarders Can Save the World from COVID-19

Skateboarders tend to be young and healthy with a disregard for authority and societal norms. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, they tended to disregard social distancing directives from politicians and public health authorities. While our immediate reaction may be to condemn their behavior, it’s possible that their defiance may help society and save lives by building up herd immunity in the safest possible manner.
Childhood Adversity Predicts Clinical Disease Features in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P1.351)

Objective: To examine whether a history of childhood adversity (i.e. abuse, maltreatment, and household dysfunction) influence clinical features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adult patients. Background: Multiple epidemiological studies have linked adverse childhood experiences to changes in brain structure and stress-responsive physiologic mechanisms. Such changes have been found to profoundly increase risk for chronic disease, poorer emotional and social functioning, and cognitive impairment in adulthood. However, the specific role of these experiences in MS remains unclear. Design/Methods: Participants with MS were recruited from a cohort that previously completed a larger cognitive remediation trial. Measures included the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) and Resilience Questionnaire (RQ) self-report inventories. ACE and RQ scores were compiled into a composite score to provide a more comprehensive measure of endured childhood adversity, and these measures were compared to individual disease features. Results: A total of 76 participants completed the study (mean age 49.8±12.5 and 80% female). ACE scores were significantly and inversely correlated with RQ scores (r = −0.46, p Conclusions: Cumulative stress due to adverse childhood experiences and decreased psychological resilience may increase the likelihood of earlier MS onset and predict poorer premorbid cognitive functioning in adulthood. Study Supported by: National Multiple Sclerosis Society Disclosure: Dr. Pawlak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shaw has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frontario has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sherman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Charvet has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as a consultant. Dr. Charvet holds stock and/or stock options with Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Charvet has received research support from Novartis and Biogen.
Development of an Automatic and Physician-Specific OAR Segmentation Framework for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning.

Purpose/Objective(s) Contouring organs at risk (OARs) is a key step of radiotherapy treatment planning. In this study, a deep learning-based framework was developed to automatize the whole OAR contouring process contributing to the clinical practice. Materials/Methods This auto-segmentation framework consisted of a pre-processing module, a deep learning-based segmentation module, and a post-processing module. We focused on the auto-segmentation in head and neck, and pelvis sites, and CT images with manual OAR contours from 67 and 54 patient cases were collected from our clinical database for the deep learning, respectively. 16 head and neck OARs and 11 pelvis OARs which were contoured in most patient cases were selected for auto-segmentation. In the pre-processing module, the original image data was extracted from the clinical DICOM Image file, and then processed for the segmentation network learning. A U-Net like network was designed in the auto-segmentation module, which was designed to consider the contour consistency among adjacent image slices and speed up the network convergency. Manual OAR contours were used as the ground truth for the network training, and a weighted Dice loss function was utilized to handle the missing organ contours in some patient cases. The segmentation results would be converted to a DCIOM Structure file in the post-processing module for treatment planning. Results The accuracy of the current auto-segmentation framework in terms of the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is shown in the table. Once a clinical DICOM Image data is sent to the framework, a corresponding DICOM Structure file would be automatically generated containing the OAR segmentation results. The overall operation takes about 1-2 min per case without the need for additional manual interference. Conclusion A deep learning-based framework was developed for the auto-segmentation of head and neck, and pelvis OARs with promising contouring accuracy and operation time, which is now ready to be applied in our clinical practice. Moreover, this framework is being developed toward a physician-specific framework to comply with the contour style of each radiation oncologist separately.
De-Moralizing Politics: Brecht’s Early Aesthetics

Der Aufsatz untersucht das fruhe Werk Bertolt Brechts als ein Medium, den moralischen Geltungsanspruch politischer Ideologien in nicht-moralisierender Hinsicht auszuwerten. Brecht hutete sich davor, politische Praxis den reinen Forderungen der Moral zu unterwerfen und distanzierte sich somit von der verbreiteten Skepsis, der in der Weimarer Republik politischen Ideologien und politischer Praxis galt. Dies fuhrte ihn dazu, deren Reichweite an den formalen Parametern einer Montage-Asthetik zu testen.
What Do Humans Need to Be Human? Self Psychology and the Problem of Social Justice

This article shows how self psychology can be used as a basis for social critique. It examines the inherent injustices of modern economic society and shows how self psychology can both reveal them and show the dire consequences for this systematic de-humanization. It compares humans as economic subjects with humans organized around self-structure and shows how modern economic society undermines the possibilities of developing and sustaining self-structure. Finally, it inquires as to whether the nascent program at Lod, which combines psychoanalysis and Buddhism, might represent a new vision of human ontology.
Comparing white-box, black-box, and glass-box composition of aspect mechanisms

The manifestation of miscellaneous aspect-oriented extensions raises the question of how these extensions can be used together to combine their aspectual capabilities or reuse aspect code across extensions. While white-box composition of aspect mechanisms can produce an optimal compound mechanism, as exemplified by the merger of AspectJ and AspectWerkz into AspectJ 5, it comes with a high integration cost. Meanwhile, generic black-box composition can compose arbitrary aspect mechanisms, but may result in a compound mechanism that is suboptimal in comparison to white-box composition. For a particular family of aspect extensions, e.g.,AspectJ-like mechanisms, glass-box composition offers the best of two worlds. Glass-box may rely on the internal structure of, e.g., a pointcut-and-advice mechanism, without requiring a change to the code of the individual mechanisms. In this paper we compare white-, black-, and glass-box composition of aspect mechanisms. We explain subtle composition issues using an example drawn from the domain of secure and dependable computing, deploying a fault-tolerance aspect written in AspectWerkz together with an access-control aspect written in AspectJ. To compare the three composition methods, we integrate a TinyAJ extension with a TinyAW extension, and compare the results of running the aspects in a black-box framework and in a glass-box framework to the result of running these aspects in AspectJ 5.
IS-LM with Credit Markets and Inflation Targeting; A Suggestion for Undergraduate Macroeconomics

Economics as introduced to undergraduate students tends to discourage many from pursuing a major. One problem is the unfortunate combination in our macroeconomic models of scientifically necessary rigor and far-reaching abstraction from the real world. Recent contributions have improved real world relevance of the IS-LM model framework by introducing imperfect asset substitutability and inflation targeting as a monetary policy goal. This paper suggests a method for bringing these contributions together within monetary equilibrium that enhances explanatory power and connects these results with related empirical findings. It is shown that the strength of the transmission mechanism from monetary policy to real sector activity depend on overall economic activity.
ANENCEPHALIC INFANTS AS ORGAN SOURCES

Liveborn anencephalic infants cannot be used legally as sources for vital organs in the United States and Canada. Understandably, knowledgeable physicians and bioethicists are divided over the ethics of such use and hold various views on whether the legal status of anencephalic newborns should ever be changed. Even if anencephalic newborns could be utilized as organ sources, at best a few hundred infants needing transplant organs would be saved each year. Primarily, this is because the number of anencephalic newborns is likely to diminish due to prenatal diagnosis resulting in abortions. However, the case of anencephalic infants and their treatment is paradigmatic in raising questions far beyond mere organ transplantation.... This analytical report is given against the backdrop of a burgeoning medical technology which can sustain human life far beyond that generally regarded as a meaningful, functional life. The report has three sections: first, a description of the approaches to the use of anencephalic infants in North America over the last five years; second, a summary of the results of a survey of informed clinicians and ethicists; and third, an indication of the leading ethical issues raised by human individuals at the border of life.
Separation and classification of EEG responses to color stimuli

Current work in identifying statistical features of EEG response to color stimuli suggests the possibility of classification of EEG frequency responses with relation to color. In this study, we used Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to isolate color related responses from other background scene related responses and a Support Vector Machines (SVM) to classify these color related responses per colors shown. We seek to prove the human brain will respond in a predictable manner when given particular visual stimulus.
Multiplex mass spectrometry imaging for latent fingerprints

We have previously developed in-parallel data acquisition of orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) and ion trap MS and/or MS/MS scans for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS imaging (MSI) to obtain rich chemical information in less data acquisition time. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel application of this multiplex MSI methodology for latent fingerprints. In a single imaging experiment, we could obtain chemical images of various endogenous and exogenous compounds, along with simultaneous MS/MS images of a few selected compounds. This work confirms the usefulness of multiplex MSI to explore chemical markers when the sample specimen is very limited. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of doping profile variations upon deep submicrometer MOSFET's

The variations in current induced by variations in the (horizontal) doping profile between channel and drain or source can be described in terms of the variation in effective channel length, L/sub EFF/. Sensitivity becomes severe as L/sub EFF/ /spl rarr/0. On the other hand, for doping variations normal to the channel that affect threshold voltage and turn-off, sensitivity is particularly strong in the subthreshold region. The centroid of the vertical profile must be controlled to sub-Debye length accuracy to keep current variations below a few percent.
Web Testing for Reliability Improvement

In this chapter, we characterize problems for web applications, examine existing testing techniques that are potentially applicable to the web environment, and introduce a strategy for web testing aimed at improving web software reliability by reducing web problems closely identified with web source contents and navigations. Using information about web accesses and related failures extracted from existing web server logs, we build testing models that focus on the high-usage, high-leverage subsets of web pages for effective problem detection and reliability improvement. Related data are also used to evaluate web site operational reliability in providing the requested pages as well as the potential for reliability growth under effective testing. Case studies applying this approach to the web sites www.seas.smu.edu and www.kde.org are included to demonstrate its viability and effectiveness. We also outline extensions to our approach to address testing, defect analysis, and reliability improvement issues for the constantly evolving web as a whole by analyzing the dynamic web contents and other information sources not covered in our current case studies.
Demonstration of a Bactericidal Substance Against β-Hemolytic Streptococci in Supernatant Fluids of Staphylococcal Cultures

Abstract Staphylococcal skin isolates belonging to phage type 71 were found to produce a bactericidal substance against some streptococci, pneumococci, and corynebacteria. Fifteen strains of group A streptococci belonging to 13 different M types, group C streptococci, and group D streptococci were uniformly inhibited on solid media and in broth by membrane-filtered supernatant fluids of the staphylococcal broth cultures. Inhibition of group G streptococci and other staphyloccoci was variable, and no inhibition of group B streptococci or of a variety of gram-negative rods was demonstrable. A quantitative variation observed to exist among susceptible organisms was a function of the inoculum size of the inhibited strains. The bactericidal substance could be detected best from 24 to 48 hr after inoculation of the staphylococci in tryptic soy broth or in a dialysate of tryptic soy broth. Little or no bactericidal activity was noted when the organisms were grown in several other liquid media. The bactericidal substance was nondialyzable and could be precipitated with ammonium sulfate. It was heat-stable and its activity was not altered within a pH range of 4.0 to 8.5. Pronase and three times crystallized trypsin totally abolished its activity. The concentrated ammonium sulfate precipitate could be fractionated on a Sephadex G-100 column into several peaks, with the bactericidal activity localized to a single peak.
Neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional spin- 1 2 dimer system: Piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure

We report inelastic neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional $S=\frac{1}{2}$ dimer system piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure. The spin gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ becomes softened with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure up to $P=9.0\text{ }\text{kbar}$. The observed threefold degenerate triplet excitation at $P=6.0\text{ }\text{kbar}$ is consistent with the theoretical prediction and the bandwidth of the dispersion relation is unaffected within the experimental uncertainty. At $P=9.0\text{ }\text{kbar}$ the spin gap is reduced to $\ensuremath{\Delta}=0.55\text{ }\text{meV}$ from $\ensuremath{\Delta}=1.0\text{ }\text{meV}$ at ambient pressure.
Reframing a Visual Ethnography of a Japanese Preschool Classroom

This article presents a reanalysis of a scene we early filmed and edited in a Japanese preschool classroom. We use a variety of visual and narrative strategies to reframe the video, shifting attention from those we had in earlier editing and analyses decided were peripheral to the action. The article uses this example to address larger questions about who in an ethnographic film are considered to be the key protagonists deemed worthy of representation and of other culture-bound assumptions in visual storytelling.
Managing weapon system R&M in the post Cold-War environment

It is pointed out that US Army R&M (reliability and maintainability) engineers face numerous changes. Department of Defense policy is placing tight scrutiny on R&M at each major program decision point. Opportunities exist for R&M improvements through the increased use of material change management programs in lieu of new major programs. Increased use of post-fielding R&M assessment offers an opportunity to identify related cost savings and combat capability enhancements in currently fielded systems. Requirements will focus on new parameters that may more clearly identify potential operating and support cost savings. Decision makers will no longer have the luxury of evaluation based on unlimited data. Increased use of simulation and decision risk analysis will be a necessity. >
How Parents Still Help Emerging Adults Get Their Homework Done: The Role of Self-Regulation as a Mediator in the Relation Between Parent–Child Relationship Quality and School Engagement

Although parents are increasingly involved in their college students’ academic lives, scholars have yet to investigate parents’ role in their college students’ school engagement. We hypothesized that college students’ self-regulation would mediate the relation between parent–child relationship quality and school engagement. For the 790 undergraduates who completed questionnaires online, self-regulation mediated the relation between mother–child relationship quality and school engagement for men, and an indirect effect was found for the relation between father–child relationship quality and school engagement by way of self-regulation. Therefore, parents continue to matter in promoting their college students’ academic success.
Initial externalization followed by internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat heart during sepsis

Changes in the distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors in two subcellular fractions, the sarcolemma and the light vesicle, of rat heart during sepsis were studied, using [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding and photoaffinity labeling with [125I]iodocyanopindolol ([125I]ICYP). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Septic rat hearts exhibit an initial hypercardiodynamic (9 h after CLP; early sepsis) and a subsequent hypocardiodynamic (18 h after CLP; late sepsis) state. [3H]DHA-binding studies show that, during early sepsis, the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) was increased by 35% in sarcolemma but was decreased by 25% in light vesicles, whereas during late sepsis, the Bmax was decreased by 39% in sarcolemma but was increased by 30% in light vesicles. Photoaffinity labeling studies show that the incorporation of [125I]ICYP into 64,000-Da peptide during early sepsis was increased by 32% in sarcolemma but was decreased by 27% in light vesicles, whereas during late sepsis, the incorporation was decreased by 30% in sarcolemma but was increased by 35% in light vesicles. These data indicate that beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat heart were externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemma during the hyperdynamic phase but were internalized from surface membranes to intracellular sites during the hypodynamic phase of sepsis. Because beta-adrenergic receptors mediate adrenergic control of cardiac muscle contraction, a biphasic intracellular redistribution of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart may contribute to the development of the initial hypercardiodynamic and subsequent hypocardiodynamic states during sepsis.