cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of comorbid and metabolic factors with optimal control of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a poorly controlled epidemic worldwide that demands active research into mitigation of the factors that are associated with poor control. Aims: The study was to determine the factors associated with suboptimal glycemic control. Materials and Methods: Electronic medical records of 263 adult patients with T2DM in our suburban internal medicine office were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 [optimal diabetes control with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7% or less] and Group 2 (suboptimal diabetes control with HbA1c greater than 7%). The influence of factors such as age, gender, race, social history, comorbid conditions, gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, diabetes management, statin use, aspirin use, angiotensin convertase enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use, body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, lipid profile, and urine microalbumin level were analyzed in the two groups. Results: In the suboptimal diabetes control group (N = 119), the majority (86.6%) of the patients were 41-80 years old. Factors associated with the suboptimal control were male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.579-4.321], Asian ethnicity (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 0.683-3.008), history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD; OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.017-14.543), history of congestive heart failure (CHF; OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.017-14.543), elevated triglycerides (OR 1.004, 95% CI, 1.000-1.007), and elevated urine microalbumin level of 30 mg/24 h or above (OR 4.5, 95% CI, 2.446-8.380). Patients with suboptimal diabetes control had a 3.8 times greater odds (95% CI, 1.493-6.885) of receiving the insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent together. Conclusions: In adult patients with T2DM, male gender, Asian ethnicity, CHF, PAD, management with insulin along with oral hypoglycemic agents, hypertriglyceridemia, and microalbuminuria were associated with suboptimal control.
Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with clomiphene citrate in treating infertility due to ovulation disturbance.

Objective: To explore the effect and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with clomiphene citrate in treating infertility due to ovulation disturbance.Methods:A total of 98 cases with infertility due to ovulation disturbance admitted from in our hospital from February 2008 to May 2010 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Patients in the control group were treated with clomiphene,while patients in the experimental group were treated with kidney-reinforcing and blood circulation-activating decoction on the basis of clomiphene.All patients were followed up for 1 year.Results:Patients in experimental group had more satisfactory result of bipolar temperature,cervical mucus score and clinical efficacy than those of the control group(P0.05);There were significant differences in ovulatory cycle,the number of pregnant cases and mean endometrial thickness during ovulation between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Kidney-reinforcing and blood circulation-activating decoction on the basis of clomiphene can effectively improve the clinical efficacy,and increase chance of pregnancy.
Systemic Mastocytosis with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Report of a Case

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease characterized by a clonal infiltration of mast cells affecting various tissues of the body. It is grouped into six different subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification. It is called indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) when there is no evidence of end organ dysfunction, while the presence of end organ dysfunction defines aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM). When SM coexists with a clonal hematological disorder, it is classified as systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological nonmast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD). Over 80% of SM-AHNMD cases involve disorders of the myeloid cell lines. To our knowledge, there are only 8 reported cases to date of SM associated with a plasma cell disorder. We report a patient with ISM who was found to have concomitant smoldering multiple myeloma. His disease later progressed to ASM. We discuss this rare association between SM and a plasma cell disorder, and potential common pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two disorders will be reviewed. We also discuss prognostic factors in SM as well as the management options considered during the evolution of the patient's disease.
Terrestrial Soundscapes: Status of Ecological Research in Natural and Human-Dominated Landscapes

Soundscape ecological research in terrestrial systems is relatively new. In this paper, I present a brief summary of the origins of this research area, describe research questions related to several research thrusts that are ongoing, summarize several soundscape projects that exist and how these relate to the research thrusts, and briefly describe the work of a global network of scientists, musicians, and engineers that are attempting to move this new field forward.
Conflict Between Ethnolinguistic Groups: Language Traitors, Language Loyalists, and the Influence of Uncertainty

Ethnolinguistic competition in India was chosen to examine how group member uncertainty affects evaluations of deviant in-group members. Participants (N = 155) from Bengaluru completed ethnolinguis...
Crowdsourcing for Democracy: A New Era in Policy-Making

An array of local and national governments around the world have applied crowdsourcing as a participatory method to engage citizens in political processes. Citizens are invited to share their ideas, perspectives and opinions about matters that traditionally were beyond their access and influence.This book is an introduction to crowdsourcing in policy-making. By introducing case studies from several countries, the book demonstrates how crowdsourcing has been used in participatory budgeting in Canada, federal strategies in the United States, and constitution reform in Iceland. By drawing on these cases, the book analyzes the role of crowdsourcing in democracy. Furthermore, the book summarizes the best practices for crowdsourcing and outlines the benefits and challenges of open processes.The book is based on a report for the Committee of the Future in the Parliament of Finland, delivered by the author in the Spring of 2012. The author, Tanja Aitamurto, is a visiting researcher Program at Stanford University. Due to the at the Liberation Technology author’s academic orientation, this book has an academic touch to it, yet it is also meant to serve as a handbook for crowdsourcing in policy-making.The book is structured as follows. In Chapter 2, we’ll get an overview of crowdsourcing in several fields, thus giving context to the rise of participatory culture. This chapter addresses often posed questions about crowdsourcing and related phenomena like microwork and crowdfunding. Chapter 3 introduces an array of cases, in which crowdsourcing has been used in policy-making. Chapter 4 analyses the role of crowdsourcing in democratic processes, crowdsourcing as a part of Open Government practices, and the impact of crowdsourcing on democracy. Chapter 5 outlines the factors for successful crowdsourcing. Chapter 6 discusses the challenges of crowdsourcing. Chapter 7 gives policy recommendations for enhancing transparency, accountability and citizen participation in the Finnish governance. Chapter 8 concludes the book by encouraging actors in society to experiment with new tools for openness, transparency and accountability.
Incorporating quality management into dental academics: a case report.

Financial challenges to dental education and accreditation requirements for outcomes assessment prompted the Florida College of Dentistry to consider CQI (Continuous Quality Improvement) processes. Key concepts in CQI are identified and a case study of its implementation is presented. The program was more successful in the process aspects of patient care (e.g., patient intake) and with staff than with faculty and educational or dental quality aspects.
Review of “Neurocritical Care Monitoring,“ edited by Chad M. Miller and Michel T. Torbey

The focus of this book, on the multimodal nature of Neuromonitoring, also emphasizes one of the most important lessons we have (re)learned: we are not monitoring an individual parameter (such as ce...
Protective conditioning for acute graft-versus-host disease.

n engl j med 353;25 www.nejm.org december 22, 2005 2718 tion during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease [FRISC] II4 and TACTICS5). It seems more plausible that the late (five-year) clinical benefit observed in the RITA-3 trial might have been a consequence of the more systemic effects of robust medical therapy given to high-risk patients in the routineinvasive-strategy group, which in turn lessened the likelihood of a new plaque rupture in one or more of the native coronary arteries that did not initially have a flow-limiting stenosis. Thus, cautious interpretation might be well advised for both the ICTUS and RITA-3 trials. William E. Boden, M.D. Hartford Hospital Hartford, CT 06102
Using Action-Object Pairs as a Conceptual Framework for Transaction Log Analysis

In this chapter, we present the action-object pair approach as a conceptual framework for conducting transaction log analysis. We argue that there are two basic components in the interaction between the user and the system recorded in a transaction log, which are action and object. An action is a specific expression of the user. An object is a self-contained information object, the recipient of the action. These two components form one interaction set or an action-object pair. A series of action-object pairs represents the interaction session. The action-object pair approach provides a conceptual framework for the collection, analysis, and understanding of data from transaction logs. We believe that this approach can benefit system design by providing the organizing principle for implicit feedback and other interactions concerning the user and delivering, for example, personalized service to the user based on this feedback. Action-object pairs also provide a worthwhile approach to advance our theoretical and conceptual understanding of transaction log analysis as a research method.
The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: The climate-change policy debate: impacts and potential responses

An understanding of the science of climate change provides only part of what is needed to decide what to do about the issue. We also need information about the likely impacts of climate change on human society, the options for responding to climate change, and the relevant tradeoffs among policy choices with their associated effectiveness, benefits, risks, costs. This chapter summarizes present knowledge and uncertainties on these matters. The responses available to deal with the threat of climate change can be grouped into three broad categories. Adaptation measures target the impacts of climate change, seeking to adjust human society to the changing climate and so reduce the resultant harms. Building seawalls would be one way to adapt to sea level rise; planting drought-resistant crops would be one way to adapt to drier agricultural regions. Mitigation measures – an odd use of the term, but one too well established in the policy debate to resist – target the causes of climate change, seeking to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases that are causing the climate to change. Most proposals to address climate change revolve around mitigation and adaptation. A third class of potential responses involves actively manipulating the climate system to offset the climatic effects of greenhouse-gas emissions, making it possible to break the linkage between emissions and climate change. This approach, sometimes called geoengineering , has received less attention than mitigation and adaptation, and present understanding of its potential benefits and associated costs and risks is in its infancy.
Application of Bacterial Flagellar Motors in Microfluidic Systems

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Flagellar Motor Micropump Experimental Studies Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References
Ethnic Reemergence in Uruguay: The Return of the Charrúa in the Light of Settler Colonialism Studies

Verdesio discusses the shortcomings of a central category in the theoretical repertoire of the decolonial option: “coloniality of power.” By focusing on Uruguay as a case study, a country where the colonial legacies typical of settler colonialism are still alive, Verdesio shows the limited explanatory power of categories like coloniality of power, that were born out of the study of other forms of colonialism. The negative, sometimes passionate reactions the reemergence of the Charrua Indians has elicited from a significant number of social actors (politicians, academics, and the general public) are discussed as a symptomatic phenomenon that may help one understand the deep roots and currency of present-day colonial legacies.
A Critical Introduction to Scientific Realism, by Paul Dicken

The realism/anti-realism debate is a perennial debate in philosophy of science, and recent scholarship has given rise to a wide range of realist and anti-realist positions. The two principal argume...
Psychosocial Treatment Options for Major Depressive Disorder in Older Adults

Late-life depression (LLD) is a public health concern with deleterious effects on overall health, cognition, quality of life, and mortality. Although LLD is relatively common, it is not a normal part of aging and is often under-recognized in older adults. However, psychotherapy is an effective treatment for LLD that aligns with many patients' preferences and can improve health and functioning. This review synthesized the current literature on evidence-based psychotherapies for the treatment of depression in older adults. Findings suggest that active, skills-based psychotherapies (cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] and problem-solving therapy [PST]) may be more effective for LLD than non-directive, supportive counseling. PST may be particularly relevant for offsetting skill deficit associated with LLD, such as in instances of cognitive impairment (especially executive dysfunction) and disability. Emerging treatments also consider contextual factors to improve treatment delivery, such as personalized care, access, and poverty. Tele-mental health represents one such exciting new way of improving access and uptake of treatment by older adults. Although these strategies hold promise, further investigation via randomized controlled trials and comparative effectiveness are necessary to advance our treatment of LLD. Priority should be given to recruiting and training the geriatric mental health workforce to deliver evidence-based psychosocial interventions for LLD.
Uncertainty and Persistence: a Bayesian Update Semantics for Probabilistic Expressions

This paper presents a general-purpose update semantics for expressions of subjective uncertainty in natural language. First, a set of desiderata are established for how expressions of subjective uncertainty should behave in dynamic, update-based semantic systems; then extant implementations of expressions of subjective uncertainty in such models are evaluated and found wanting; finally, a new update semantics is proposed. The desiderata at the heart of this paper center around the contention that expressions of subjective uncertainty express beliefs which are not persistent (i.e. beliefs that won’t necessarily survive the addition of new information that is compatible with all previous information), whereas propositions express beliefs that are persistent. I argue that if we make the move of treating updates in a dynamic semantics as Bayesian updates, i.e. as conditionalization, then expressions of subjective uncertainty will behave the way we want them to without altering the way propositions behave.
The iterative nature of person construal: Evidence from event-related potentials.

Recently, a dynamic-interactive model of person construal (DI model) has been proposed, whereby the social categories a person represents are determined on the basis of an iterative integration of bottom-up and top-down influences. The current study sought to test this model by leveraging the high temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as 65 participants viewed male faces that varied by race (White vs Black), fixating either between the eyes or on the forehead. Within face presentations, the effect of fixation, meant to vary bottom-up visual input, initially was large but decreased across early latency neural responses identified by a principal components analysis (PCA). In contrast, the effect of race, reflecting a combination of top-down and bottom-up factors, initially was small but increased across early latency principal components. These patterns support the DI model prediction that bottom-up and top-down processes are iteratively integrated to arrive at a stable construal within 230 ms. Additionally, exploratory multilevel modeling of single trial ERP responses representing a component linked to outgroup categorization (the P2) suggests change in effects of the manipulations over the course of the experiment. Implications of the findings for the DI model are considered.
Graphene oxide coated long period grating based fibre optic humidity sensor

In this paper, the response of a graphene oxide (GO) coated long period grating (LPG) to the change in temperature and in humidity is reported. To create the probe, an improved Hummer's method was used to synthesis the GO solution used as its basis, allowing coating of functionalized LPG by using a multi-layer dip coating technique. A consistent and stable response of the resonance peak intensity of the GO coated LPG was observed to the change in humidity, achieving a sensitivity of 0.15 dB / %RH with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9804 over the relative humidity range from 60%RH to 95%RH at room temperature (25°C). A blue shift of the resonance peak wavelength was recorded when the proposed sensor was exposed to varying temperature conditions from 25°C to 70°C and the response was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9973. The GO coated LPG humidity sensor probe performed with a good stability and repeatability over a number of test cycles in this initial performance evaluation.
Mixing in oscillating columns: Experimental and numerical studies

Abstract In this paper, mixing in an oscillating column was experimentally and numerically studied as a function of power applied through vibrations. The mixing experiments were performed using phenolphthalein and NaOH solution, and the mixing time was computed using a simple image processing algorithm to track intensity changes implemented in MATLAB. Numerically, the air-solution interface was tracked using the VOF model and the solution was vertically disturbed by oscillating the base of the column. The bottom boundary was treated as a rigid moving boundary and a compiled user-defined function (UDF) was applied to the boundary to impose a sinusoidal displacement of the lower boundary. The interior of the column was assumed to be a deforming body and a dynamic mesh was employed to improve the mesh quality. It was found that the mixing time is highly nonlinear with respect to the applied power. The stability chart mapped in Benjamin and Ursell (1954) by solving a series of Mathieu equations was applied to our system and the behavior of mixing in the vibrating column was interpreted. Pseudo steady states were observed, however they lasted only for few minutes and then switched back to ‘real’ steady states. These findings were supported by the images captured during experiments and numerically-produced iso-surface and contour plots.
Developing a National Outreach Strategy for Recreational Fishing and Boating

Abstract The Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council initiated a process for developing a strategic plan for a national outreach and communications program. The purpose was to increase recreational fishing and boating participation and heighten participants awareness of the need for aquatic resource conservation. Workshops were held where attendees representing anglers, boaters, and related organizations, agencies, and industries identified constraints to greater participation in fishing and boating. Ultimately five primary constraints to participation were identified: 1) perceived lack of time or money; 2) lack of access to and knowledge of facilities; 3) negative images of water quality, fish contamination, and boater safety; 4) inconsistent delivery of satisfactory boating and fishing products, services, and facilities; and 5) lack of a consistent positive image of boating and angling. Workshop attendees developed objectives to address these constraints including 1) creating a top-of-mind recreat...
19 Desistance from Crime and Antisocial Behavior

There have been impressive developments in desistance research over the past two decades, and the body of knowledge in this area of research has grown significantly. In more recent years, due to the increasing numbers of entries and releases to/from prison, the topic of desistance from crime has also piqued the interest of policy-makers. This chapter offers an overview of advances in desistance research. It discusses some of the methodological challenges associated with this area of research, and provides a summary of the key findings in classic and more recent studies. Future research needs, as well as the contributions of Marc Le Blanc to this field of study, are also highlighted.
HDG–POD reduced order model of the heat equation

Abstract We propose a new hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) model order reduction technique based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). We consider the heat equation as a test problem and prove error bounds that converge to zero as the number of POD modes increases. We present 2D and 3D numerical results to illustrate the convergence analysis.
How to Encipher Messages on a Small Domain

We analyze the security of the Thorp shuffle, or, equivalently, a maximally unbalanced Feistel network. Roughly said, the Thorp shuffle on N cards mixes any N 1 ? 1/r of them in $O(r\lg N)$ steps. Correspondingly, making O(r) passes of maximally unbalanced Feistel over an n-bit string ensures CCA-security to 2 n(1 ? 1/r) queries. Our results, which employ Markov-chain techniques, enable the construction of a practical and provably-secure blockcipher-based scheme for deterministically enciphering credit card numbers and the like using a conventional blockcipher.
Timing of Rotavirus Vaccine Doses and Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Vaccinated Infants in Low- and Middle-income Countries.

BACKGROUND Altering rotavirus vaccine schedules may improve vaccine performance in low- and middle-income countries. We analyzed data from clinical trials of the monovalent (RV1) and pentavalent (RV5) rotavirus vaccines in low- and middle-income countries to understand the association between vaccine dose timing and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis incidence. METHODS We assessed the association between variations in rotavirus vaccine administration schedules and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis risk. We used the complement of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator to estimate risk differences for different schedules. To adjust risk differences (RDs) for confounding, we calibrated estimates in the vaccinated arm using estimates from the placebo arm. RESULTS There were 3,114 and 7,341 children included from the RV1 and RV5 trials, respectively. The 18-month adjusted severe rotavirus gastroenteritis risk was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 7.1) higher for those receiving their first RV5 dose at <6 versus ≥6 weeks. For RV1, there was a 4.0% (95% CI = 0.0, 8.2) increase in 12-month adjusted risk for a 4- versus 6-week interval between doses. Further analysis revealed those receiving their first RV5 dose at 3-4 and 5-7 weeks had 2.9% (95% CI = 0.8, 5.3) and 1.3% (95% CI = -0.3, 3.0), respectively, higher risk compared with those at 9-12 weeks. Those receiving their first dose at 8 weeks had the lowest risk (RD: -2.6% [95% CI = -5.4, -0.1]) compared with those at 9-12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS A modest delay in rotavirus vaccination start and increase in interval between doses may be associated with lower severe rotavirus gastroenteritis risk in low- and middle-income countries.
Positive Scalar Curvature Metrics — Existence and Classification Questions

Let M be an n-dimensional manifold (all manifolds considered in this paper are smooth, compact, and, unless otherwise specified, their boundary is empty).
The Foliar Endophyte Phialocephala scopiformis DAOMC 229536 Proteome When Grown on Wood Used as the Sole Carbon Source.

ABSTRACT The conifer needle endophyte Phialocephala scopiformis DAOMC 229536 was cultivated in medium containing ground Pinus contorta wood as the sole carbon source. Mass spectrometry analyses identified 590 proteins. The expression of extracellular hydrolases and oxidoreductases indicates a capacity to degrade wood. The results clearly demonstrate the latent saprophytic potential of P. scopiformis.
Student Activism in the Neoliberal University: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Analysis:

Student activism is a highly underresearched topic in psychology despite the field’s commitment to studying person–environment interactions and advancing social justice aims. Furthermore, less is k...
International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Defined Primary Graft Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Recipients Predicts 30-Day Mortality

Purpose The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) consensus report standardized the definition of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) to reduce inter-center variability in assessing incidence and reporting outcomes. Using the updated definition, we sought to report risk factors, early, and late outcomes for PGD. Methods This retrospective study examined 450 patients aged ≥18 who received initial cardiac transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2005-17. Case details and longitudinal follow-up was obtained via electronic health record. PGD was determined by review of circulatory support and hemodynamics at 24 hours post-transplant. Patient and surgical characteristics were compared for PGD and no-PGD groups. Longitudinal survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The prevalence of PGD was 16.7% (75/450). There were 146 deaths over a mean 5.3 years of follow-up. Each additional 10 minutes of total ischemic time increased odds of PGD by 1.05 (95% CI, 1.00-1.10). Of the 28 patients in the cohort who died within 30 days, 21 (75%) had PGD. The odds of 30-day mortality was 20.4-fold (95% CI, 8.3-50.4) higher for PGD vs no-PGD. In terms of in-hospital mortality, 24 (32%) of those with PGD died during the initial hospitalization compared to only 16 (4.3%) of those without PGD. The in-hospital, 1, and 5-year mortality for patients with PGD were 32.0, 37.5, and 45.9%, respectively, compared to 4.3, 7.0, and 21.4% for those without PGD (log-rank p Conclusion PGD is associated with high in-hospital and 30-day mortality. The majority of PGD-related deaths occurred in the index hospitalization, but for patients who survived to discharge, the overall survival is similar between PGD and no-PGD patients.
Viral Generated Inter-Organelle Contacts Redirect Lipid Flux for Genome Replication

Positive-stranded RNA viruses extensively remodel host cell architecture to enable viral replication. Here, we examined the poorly understood formation of specialized membrane compartments that are critical sites for the synthesis of the viral genome. We show that the replication compartments (RCs) of enteroviruses are created through novel membrane contact sites that recruit host lipid droplets (LDs) to the RCs. Viral proteins tether the RCs to the LDs and interact with the host lipolysis machinery to enable transfer of fatty acids from LDs, thereby providing lipids essential for RC biogenesis. Inhibiting the formation of the membrane contact sites between LDs and RCs or inhibition of the lipolysis pathway disrupts RC biogenesis and enterovirus replication. Our data illuminate mechanistic and functional aspects of organelle remodeling in viral infection and establish that pharmacological targeting of contact sites linking viral and host compartments is a potential strategy for antiviral development.
Some q-exponential Formulas for Finite-Dimensional □q$\square _{q}$-Modules

We consider the algebra $\square _{q}$ which is a mild generalization of the quantum algebra $U_{q}(\frak {sl}_{2})$ . The algebra $\square _{q}$ is defined by generators and relations. The generators are $\{x_{i}\}_{i\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}}$ , where $\mathbb {Z}_{4}$ is the cyclic group of order 4. For $i\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}$ the generators xi,xi+ 1 satisfy a q-Weyl relation, and xi,xi+ 2 satisfy a cubic q-Serre relation. For $i\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}$ we show that the action of xi is invertible on every nonzero finite-dimensional $\square _{q}$ -module. We view $x_{i}^{-1}$ as an operator that acts on nonzero finite-dimensional $\square _{q}$ -modules. For $i\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}$ , define $\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1}=q(1-x_{i}x_{i + 1})/(q-q^{-1})$ . We show that the action of $\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1}$ is nilpotent on every nonzero finite-dimensional $\square _{q}$ -module. We view the q-exponential $\text {{exp}}_{q}(\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1})$ as an operator that acts on nonzero finite-dimensional $\square _{q}$ -modules. In our main results, for $i,j\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}$ we express each of $\text {{exp}}_{q}(\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1})x_{j}\text {{exp}}_{q}(\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1})^{-1}$ and $\text {{exp}}_{q}(\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1})^{-1}x_{j}\text {{exp}}_{q}(\mathfrak {n}_{i,i + 1})$ as a polynomial in $\{x_{k}^{\pm 1}\}_{k\in \mathbb {Z}_{4}}$ .
Cross-Disciplinary Care: A Systematic Review on Teamwork Processes in Health Care:

As health care delivery moves toward more complex, team-based systems, the topic of medical teamwork has gained considerable attention and study across disciplines. This systematic review integrate...
Educational Strategies for Mobile Simulation Units

Simulation is an established educational method for teaching healthcare students and healthcare professionals alike. It can be used to improve the knowledge, skills, and abilities of learners in a realistic environment, while providing a safe space for addressing deficiencies. Emergency responders have vast experience and established professional identities. The educational methodologies used must take prior knowledge and experiences into consideration. Adult learning theory and training best practices will be applied to facilitate effective training of career healthcare professionals.
Applying statistical and analytical methods to U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs databases

Despite recent advances in big data and advanced analytics, decision makers often do not trust findings from statistical analyses and may thus demur from their usage citing Mark Twain’s famous nine...
Lymphoproliferative disorder in a lung transplant recipient.

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is uncommon following solid organ transplantation. We present a case of PTLD presenting as hematochezia and abdominal pain in a 66-year-old man, who had undergone bilateral lung transplantation with alemtuzumab induction 7 months prior to presentation. The transplant serologic status was "high-risk" for the presence of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serologies in the donor and negative serologies in the recipient. Biopsies taken during colonoscopy stained strongly positive for EBV-encoded RNA. Mediastinal lymph node biopsies also showed atypical, EBV-positive lymphohistiocytic infiltration with focal necrosis. The patient's hospital course was complicated by treatment side effects, most notably bowel perforation following rituximab. In this case report the topic of PTLD is reviewed and consideration is given to whether alemtuzumab induction may have contributed to the patient's development of PTLD.
Montana Crystal Collectors’ Rendezvous 2019

No dues, no officers, no newsletter. Mineral enthusiasts from all over Montana meet annually as the Montana Crystal Collectors (MCC) on an early fall Saturday for a swap and sale, program, auction,...
Voter Preferences and the Political Underrepresentation of Minority Groups: Lesbian, Gay, and Transgender Candidates in Advanced Democracies

Minority groups have long been underrepresented in politics. Support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights and the incidence of LGBT candidates have dramatically increased in re...
Leveraging Genetic Reports and Electronic Health Records for the Prediction of Primary Cancers: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

Background: Precision oncology has the potential to leverage clinical and genomic data in advancing disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. A key research area focuses on the early detection of primary cancers and potential prediction of cancers of unknown primary in order to facilitate optimal treatment decisions. Objective: This study presents a methodology to harmonize phenotypic and genetic data features to classify primary cancer types and predict cancers of unknown primaries. Methods: We extracted genetic data elements from oncology genetic reports of 1011 patients with cancer and their corresponding phenotypical data from Mayo Clinic’s electronic health records. We modeled both genetic and electronic health record data with HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. The semantic web Resource Description Framework was employed to generate the network-based data representation (ie, patient-phenotypic-genetic network). Based on the Resource Description Framework data graph, Node2vec graph-embedding algorithm was applied to generate features. Multiple machine learning and deep learning backbone models were compared for cancer prediction performance. Results: With 6 machine learning tasks designed in the experiment, we demonstrated the proposed method achieved favorable results in classifying primary cancer types (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 96.56% for all 9 cancer predictions on average based on the cross-validation) and predicting unknown primaries (AUROC 80.77% for all 8 cancer predictions on average for real-patient validation). To demonstrate the interpretability, 17 phenotypic and genetic features that contributed the most to the prediction of each cancer were identified and validated based on a literature review. Conclusions: Accurate prediction of cancer types can be achieved with existing electronic health record data with satisfactory precision. The integration of genetic reports improves prediction, illustrating the translational values of incorporating genetic tests early at the diagnosis stage for patients with cancer.
Mechanical response of carbon nanotube reinforced particulate composites with implications for polymer bonded explosives

Modern polymer bonded explosives (PBX) are often characterized by a sensitive response to external thermomechanical insult that in some cases lead to accidental detonation. Current strategies for d...
Effects of scopolamine on anterograde and remote memory in humans

Previous research with laboratory animals indicates that anterograde-memory functions are more easily disrupted by anticholinergic drug treatment than are established reference memories. In studies with human subjects, some measures of established (remote) memory appear to be disrupted by anticholinergic agents, while other measures of remote memory have proven insensitive to anticholinergic treatments. To clarify the effects of anticholinergic treatment on remote memory in humans, we studied the effects of administering 0.5 or 0.8 mg scopolamine to middleaged men on a battery of tests of anterograde and remote memory. Dose-related impairments on measures of anterograde short-term memory and verbal and nonverbal learning were observed and, in addition, performance on a category-fluency task, which required retrieval of information from established semantic memory, was disrupted. In contrast, measures of remote memory that required identification of photographs of famous people, recall of past public events, and display of geographical knowledge were not affected by scopolamine treatment. Implications of the findings for drug models of memory failure in dementia are discussed.
Neutron Distributions in Energy

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the determinants of neutron multiplication with primary emphasis on the kinetic energy of the neutrons. The chapter begins with discussing the properties of nuclear fuel and of materials that moderate the neutron spectrum. The chapter provides a more detailed description of the energy distributions of neutrons in nuclear reactors, and then discusses the averaging of neutron cross sections over energy. The discussions presented in this chapter maintain the assumption that all neutrons are produced instantaneously at the time of fission. The chapter also discusses about the neutron moderator materials that are required to reduce the neutron energies from the fission to the thermal range with as few collisions as possible. Concepts of neutron energy spectra, the slowing down density, energy self-shielding, thermal neutrons, and energy-averaged reaction rates are also discussed in the chapter. The chapter concludes by defining the neutron multiplication in terms of energy-averaged cross sections.
Response to Comment on “Cutting Edge: Inhibition of NF-κB-Mediated TSLP Expression by Retinoid X Receptor”

I am writing in response to a letter from Gericke et al. commenting on our paper recently published in The Journal of Immunology . In that paper we showed that 9- cis -retinoic acid was capable of inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated induction of TSLP gene expression. The main point of the paper was that
Fiscal adjustment and contingent government liabilities : case studies of the Czech Republic and Macedonia

Governments' contingent liabilities increase fiscal vulnerability, but are omitted in traditional measures of the current deficit. In the Czech Republic this omission may mean that fiscal adjustment has been overstated by 3 to 4 percent of annual GDP, with future budgets having to pay for past guarantees. The stock of existing contingent liabilities in Macedonia could add 2 to 4 percent of GDP to that country's future deficits. To control the expansion of government contingent liabilities and reduce fiscal vulnerability, one must be able to identify and measure them. Brixi, Ghanem, and Islam discuss how this may be done and demonstrate how the assessment of fiscal adjustment may change substantially when a broader picture of government liabilities is included. They base their analysis on experience in analyzing fiscal adjustment in the Czech Republic and Macedonia. Their work demonstrates the importance of including contingent liabilities when assessing the magnitude of the true fiscal adjustment and when analyzing fiscal sustainability. To the extent that explicit expenditures are shifted off-budget or replaced by guarantees, the achieved improvement in fiscal balances is overstated. For the Czech Republic, adjustment may have been overstated by some 3 to 4 percent of annual GDP. A stabilization program accompanied by a build[up of contingent liabilities, particularly state guarantees and obligations to cover liabilities emerging from directed credit, may not be sustainable. In Macedonia, the present fiscal equilibrium may be temporary because the stock of existing contingent liabilities could add 2 to 4 percent of GDP to future deficits. And methods used to reduce the traditional deficit are unlikely to be sustainable without further modification. Brixi, Ghanem, and Islam conclude that governments: - Must find better ways to identify and evaluate contingent liabilities arising from the banking system, nonbanking financial institutions, public enterprises, or the contingent and direct liabilities of subnational governments. - Need to better manage their risks - for example, building adequate reserve funds and hedging risk, where possible. - Should examine the implications of the bias toward adding contingent liabilities and develop administrative reform as part of analyzing budget management. This paper - a joint product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region, and the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to support the quality of fiscal adjustment in its client countries. The authors may be contacted at hpolackova@worldbank.org, hghanem@worldbank.org, or rislam@worldbank.org.
Law of the Sea

The question of who owns the resources of the oceans has been debated on the national and international level for centuries. As the use of the seas has increased, and as new and important resources are discovered and developed, the debates become more sharply focused and timely. The major conferences on the law of the sea that have been held since World War II have confronted many diverse problem areas, but they have been more successful in identifying basic issues than in identifying a body of law acceptable to all of the nations of the world. In chapter 14 we reviewed federal policy on jurisdiction over the inner and the outer continental shelf area that borders the United States. In this chapter we consider the major international issues that apply to the mining of the mineral resources of the deep sea.
In Vivo Correction of Murine Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type I by ϕC31 Integrase-Mediated Gene Delivery

Phage phiC31 integrase is a site-specific recombinase that mediates efficient integration of circular extrachromosomal DNA into the host genome. Here, the integrase system was used to transfer the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene into the liver of mice affected with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Approximately 3.6% of transfected hepatocytes experienced an integration event. The absolute frequency of integration was 1/1374. A higher proportion of integrase-transfected FAH+ hepatocytes displayed abnormal morphology (bizarre nuclei, enlarged cells) on day 25 after gene transfer, compared to cells not receiving integrase. The increased frequency of these abnormal cells correlated with the amount of integrase plasmid administered, suggesting some form of integrase toxicity in Fah-/- livers. The abnormal hepatocyte appearance was transient and livers analyzed after longer selection (90 days) showed 60% repopulation with only normal healthy FAH+ hepatocytes. A total of seven different integration sites (accounting for >90% of integration) were identified. Serial transplantation of integrase-corrected hepatocytes to Fah-/- recipients was successful, suggesting long-term viability of corrected cells and persistent gene expression through many rounds of cell division. The stability of transgene expression, relatively high integration frequency, and significant site specificity that characterize the phiC31 integration system suggest that it may have utility in many gene therapy settings.
Revisiting the Roles of Legal Rules and Tax Rules in Income Redistribution: A Response to Kaplow & Shavell

For many years the conventional wisdom on whether legal rules should be used to redistribute resources in society, or whether instead redistribution should be done exclusively through to the tax-and-transfer system, was considered an empirical question best resolved on a case-by-case basis. More recently, Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell have demonstrated that, under certain assumptions, it is possible with respect to any income-dependent legal rule to design a "simple alternative" legal regime that is independent of income (and in which all redistribution is accomplished through the tax-and-transfer system) and which leaves everyone as well off as under the income-dependent rule, but that also produces additional revenue for the government. In this Article we relax two of Kaplow and Shavell's simplifying assumptions. First, following the lead of Chris Sanchirico, we introduce heterogeneity with regard to skill in taking care and with regard to ability to generate income. Second, and more important, we relax the assumption on which Kaplow and Shavell critically rely that the social planner has complete information. In our Article, we are able to present a more complete picture of the ex-ante adjustments that will be made by individuals when they face an income-dependent legal regime. We show that an income-dependent tort rule, for example, gives wealthy potential tortfeasors two degrees of freedom; whereas the income-independent regime gives them only one. The failure of prior researchers to emphasize these two degrees of freedom, we believe, has caused considerable confusion. We argue that, given this two degrees of freedom (and the heterogeneity among individuals), Kaplow and Shavell's theoretical model of a tax-and-transfer alternative to redistributive legal rules is no longer a "simple alternative." To the contrary, it is virtually impossible to implement, for the informational burden on the social planner is insurmountable.
Potential motion for Thomas-Fermi non-topological solitons

In the Thomas-Fermi approximation to theories of coupled fermions and scalars, the equations for spherically-symmetric non-topological solitons have the form of potential motion. This gives a straightforward method for proving the existence of non-topological solitons in a given theory and for finding the constant-density, saturating solutions.
Turbidimetric studies of serum colloids in diabetes mellitus.

Summary 1.The sera of 66% of 255 diabetic patients showed evidence of disturbances of serum colloids. 2.Hyperlipemia was the most consistent serum abnormality found. Approximately 50% of 255 patients with diabetes showed total lipid levels above 750 mgm. %. 3.The relationship between serum colloid abnormalities and premature atherosclerosis is discussed. 4.No relationship could be found between duration of the dsease and abnormal serum colloid.
A Self-Organizing Heuristic for Building Optimal Heterogeneous Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks

Much of the research in the area of sensor networks is focused on homogeneous networks. Of late, there has been a steadily increasing amount of work on heterogeneous networks, mainly due to their flexibility and better fit into potential applications. In this paper, we present a heuristic, developed using a reverse engineering approach, that can be used to build efficient heterogeneous ad-hoc sensor networks based on a generic network model. A genetic algorithm is used to generate a set of heterogeneous sensor networks optimized for short paths and congestion. A thorough analysis of the optimal network set is done to extract rules and a heuristic is developed to embody these rules. The heuristic is then used to produce high-performance networks without genetic algorithms. We present simulation results and analysis of the heuristic networks and compare their performance with optimal heterogeneous networks as well as homogeneous networks.
Monotone invariant clustering procedures

A major justification for the hierarchical clustering methods proposed by Johnson is based upon their invariance with respect to monotone increasing transformations of the original similarity measures. Several alternative procedures are presented in this paper that also share in the same property of invariance. One of these techniques constructs a hierarchy of partitions by sequentially minimizing a monotone invariant goodness-of-fit statistic; the other techniques construct a hierarchy of partitions by successively subdividing the complete set of objects until one partition class is defined for each individual member in the set. A numerical example comparing these alternative procedures with Johnson's two methods is duscussed in terms of a simplified computational scheme for obtaining the necessary hierarchies.