cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OSMOTIC PROPULSION OF ICEBERGS

Icebergs are a promising source of fresh water for arid regions, but practical methods must be found to transport them across warm oceans to the places where they are needed. The usual suggestions have dealt with pushing or pulling them with tug boats or submarines. An alternative approach is to utilize a form of solar power, specifically the difference in osmotic pressure between sea water and melt water from the icebergs. Even if an iceberg is wrapped in a protective film, there will still be considerable melting of the ice in transit. Since long-term containment of the melt water is probably impractical, it will likely be discarded. If the melt water could be diverted to an osmotic propulsion system, its considerable potential energy could be utilized. The osmotic pressure of sea water at ocean temperatures is about 23 atmospheres or 2.3 MPa. When sea water and fresh water are separated by a semipermeable membrane, e.g., a reverse-osmosis membrane, osmotic pressure forces the fresh water through the membrane into the sea water and causes its volume to expand. This expansion can be used to drive a turbine, or it can be released through a jet to propel the iceberg. With full utilization, the osmotic pressure of the melt water would be sufficient to transport a large iceberg across the equator with the assistance of a support ship. However, inefficiencies in the system prevent full utilization of the melt water. It is the purpose of this paper to estimate the magnitude of these inefficiencies and assess the practicality of osmotic propulsion of icebergs.
Hypochloremia at Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation is Associated with Decreased One Year Survival

Purpose Serum chloride has been independently and inversely associated with mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. The impact of serum chloride on other subsets of the heart failure population is unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of hypochloremia in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Methods We reviewed 289 patients who received a HeartMate II or HeartWare LVAD between 6/2006 and 12/2016 and were admitted to The Ohio State University Medical Center for care. Patients were stratified based on serum chloride level at time of LVAD placement and compared based on demographics and major comorbidities. We defined hypochloremia as serum chloride Results There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the low and normal serum chloride cohorts. The hypochloremic subset had an average serum chloride of 91.5 (87.7-95.5) mEq/L. Meanwhile, the normochloremic subset had an average serum chloride of 101.7 (97.3-106.2) mEq/L. We found that patients with hypochloremia were more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction (MI), odds ratio (OR) 1.87 [1.06-3.31], p=0.030. This relationship was maintained when adjusted for age and gender, hazard ratio (HR) 1.93 [1.07-3.47], p=0.027. Lastly, survival analysis demonstrated that patients with hypochloremia at LVAD placement had decreased survival at one year compared to patients with normal serum chloride (p=0.0055) (Figure 1). Conclusion Hypochloremia at LVAD placement is associated decreased mortality at one year. Thus, serum chloride has the potential to affect management of patients being evaluated for LVAD implantation. Nonetheless, further investigation is needed into the interplay of chloride and sodium to derive additional prognostic information in this population.
Testing an Integrated Model of Interest Theory and Self-Determination Theory in University Physical Activity Classes.

Despite close links between the tenets of self-determination theory (SDT) and the concept of interest, few studies have closely investigated their integration in the area of physical Activity (PA). This study explored the nature of situational interest and need support. Surveys were administered at two data points (4-week window) to college students (n = 347) enrolled in PA classes. Confirmatory factor analysis results point to needs support as a separate factor associated with situational interest. Structural equation model analysis presented an acceptable fit, χ. = 195.825 df = 83, p < 0.05, CFI = .953, TLI = .932, RMSEA = .063, SRMR = .049. Situational interest and need support are separate factors. Situational interest and optimal challenge have an inconsistent relationship with situational interest. Overall findings support the integration of interest theory and SDT, with clearer integration of personal interest into SDT compared to situational interest. Subscribe to TPE
Inspired by COVID-19 isolation: Evolving educational techniques in dermatology residency programs

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has required dermatology residency programs to convert their learning environment largely to a virtual setting. The impromptu reliance on online lectures, videoconference didactics, and other digital educational resources during this time is welcomed by today's millennial generation of medical trainees and coincides with their learning preferences. Although hands-on direct patient care experiences are currently limited due to reservation of in-office visits for urgent care only, resident participation in teledermatology has permitted them to continue gaining valuable clinical training and may allow for enhanced evaluation of their performance in the future. Given the shown benefits of telemedicine and student preferences for online learning, incorporating these virtual technologies into the curriculum will be essential to advancing dermatology residency education.
Characterization of Prevalent, Post-Endoscopy, and Incident Esophageal Cancer in the United States: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Background & Aims Efforts to assess and improve the effectiveness of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) screening and surveillance are ongoing in the United States. Currently, there are limited population-based data in the United States to guide these efforts. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from large commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans in the United States from 2004 – 2019. We identified individuals with BE and analyzed the proportion who developed EAC. EACs were classified as prevalent EAC (diagnosed within 30 days of index endoscopy), post-endoscopy esophageal adenocarcinoma (PEEC, diagnosed 30 – 365 days after index endoscopy), and incident EAC (diagnosed 365 days or more after index endoscopy). Using this cohort, we performed a nested case-control study to identify factors associated with prevalent EAC at BE diagnosis and study healthcare utilization prior to BE diagnosis. Results We identified 50,817 individuals with incident BE. Of the 366 who developed EAC, 67.2%, 13.7%, and 19.1% were diagnosed with prevalent EAC, PEEC, and incident EAC respectively. Factors positively associated with prevalent EAC versus BE without prevalent EAC included male sex, dysphagia, weight loss, and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score. In those with prevalent EAC, most patients with dysphagia or weight loss had their symptoms first recorded within three months of EAC diagnosis. Healthcare utilization rates were similar between those with and without prevalent EAC. Conclusions Two-thirds of EACs among individuals with BE are diagnosed at the time of BE diagnosis. Additionally, PEEC accounts for 14% of these EACs. These results may guide future research studies that investigate novel BE diagnostic strategies that reduce the morbidity and mortality of EAC.
Documenting the trans* and animating the still in Sébastien Lifshitz’s Bambi

This article examines Bambi (Sebastien Lifshitz, 2013), a documentary that deals with carefully selected aspects of the life and career of French-Algerian trans* woman Marie-Pierre Pruvot: a showgi...
Assessing commercial and early-seral arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation to aid in restoring sagebrush steppe shrubs

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are drivers of plant communities as they influence plant competition by increasing plants’ root absorptive surface. As such, AMF could be an important tool for ecological restoration. However, a lack of research using AMF in sagebrush steppe communities implies a need for more assessments of its efficacy. Here, we assessed the ability of a commercial inoculum to colonize and influence growth of three native Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) shrubs and the exotic Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead). We expected to increase colonization and biomass production with the addition of the inoculum. Before testing the inoculum, its viability was examined using Trifolium incarnatum (crimson clover) in autoclaved soil. Next, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the target species when grown in live or autoclaved field soil from a disturbed (early seral) site. Inoculation resulted in an average root colonization of 24.82% ± 4.86% for T. incarnatum but failed to colonize any of the sagebrush steppe species in autoclaved soil and had little to no influence on colonization in live soil. All sagebrush steppe species were colonized by AMF in live soil, and biomass production averaged 889 mg, 530 mg, 323 mg, and 1 852 mg, respectively; however, average biomass for all species was greater when grown in autoclaved soils (1 620 mg, 706 mg, 371 mg, and 3 902 mg, respectively). Our results reveal differential effects of a commercial AMF inoculum on root colonization of Artemisia spp. and T. incarnatum and highlight the need to assess the efficacy of AMF inoculum before field application.
An enterobacterial common antigen mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a vaccine candidate

Due to increasing rates of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, there is a need for an effective vaccine to prevent this disease. Previous studies showed that a mutation in the first gene of the Enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic pathway, wecA, resulted in attenuation of S. Typhimurium in a murine model of salmonellosis. Furthermore, immunization with a wecA(-) strain protected against lethal challenge with the parental wild type S. Typhimurium strain. Herein, we examined whether the S. Typhimurium wecA(-) strain could also provide cross-protection against non-parental strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We found that intraperitoneal immunization (IP) with S. Typhimurium SL1344 wecA(-) resulted in a significant increase in survival compared to control mice for all Salmonella challenge strains tested. Oral immunization with SL1344 wecA(-) also resulted in increased survival; however, protection was less significant than with intraperitoneal immunization. The increase in survival of SL1344 wecA(-) immunized mice was associated with a Salmonella-specific IgG antibody response. Furthermore, analysis of sera from IP and orally immunized animals revealed cross-reactive antibodies to numerous Salmonella isolates. Functional analysis of antibodies found within the sera from IP immunized animals revealed agglutination and opsonophagocytic activity against all tested O:4 Salmonella serovars. Together these results indicate that immunization with a S. Typhimurium wecA(-) strain confers protection against lethal challenge with wild type S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis and that immunization correlates with functional antibody production.
Fiber-based solid phase microextraction using fused silica lined bottles to collect, store, and stabilize a multianalyte headspace gas sample for offline analyses.

Abstract We have developed a solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method using fused silica lined bottles (400 ml) to collect, store, and stabilize a headspace subsample from the source for subsequent offline, repetitive analyses of the gas using fiber-based SPME. The method enables long-term stability for repeated offline analysis of the organic species collected from the source headspace and retains all the advantages of fiber SPME sampling (e.g. rapid extraction, solvent free, simple and inexpensive) while providing additional advantages. Typically, the analytes collected on the SPME fiber must be desorbed and analyzed immediately to mitigate analyte loss or contamination. The new SPME sampling method, conducted offline using carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (carboxen/PDMS – 85 μm) coated fibers, has been shown to be identical to in situ SPME sampling of a headspace acquired from an 80 component organic matrix with reproducibility demonstrated to be less than %RSD = 7.0% for replicate samples measured over a 30-day period. In addition, repetitive samplings from one headspace aliquot are possible using one or more fibers and fiber types as well as quantitative options such as internal standard addition as demonstrated in a feasibility study using a benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX; 1 ppmv) certified gas standard, in which the SPME measurement precision (%RSD) was improved by a factor of 1.5–1.9 compared to the use of an external standard.
An Even Simpler Linear-Time Algorithm for Verifying Minimum Spanning Trees

A new linear-time algorithm is presented for the tree-path-maxima problem of, given a tree T with real edge weights and a list of pairs of distinct nodes in T, computing for each pair (u,v) on the list a maximum-weight edge on the path in T between u and v. Linear-time algorithms for the tree-path-maxima problem were known previously, but the new algorithm may be considered significantly simpler than the earlier solutions. A linear-time algorithm for the tree-path-maxima problem implies a linear-time algorithm for the MST-verification problem of determining whether a given spanning tree of a given undirected graph G with real edge weights is a minimum-weight spanning tree of G.
How OpenStreetMap is changing the world

This talk reviews these and many more aspects of OpenStreetMap and gives an in depth feel of the past, present and future of the project.
A study of mitosis in mouse ear epidermis in vitro. IV. Effects of metabolic inhibitors.

Abstract 1. 1. The present study examines the significance of using carbohydrate metabolism inhibitors to prove that glucose is converted to a source of energy for mitosis in mouse ear epidermis cultured in vitro. 2. 2. Although the classical inhibitors of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the cytochrome system, and the energy transfer system severely depress mitotic activity, their effects (in general) are non specific, toxic and irreversible. 2.1. (a) The mitotic block imposed by glycolytic inhibitors cannot be lifted or by-passed by appropriate carbohydrate intermediates. 2.2. (b) A wide variety of metabolites, antimetabolites, and compounds generally unrelated to carbohydrate metabolism (purine and pyrimidine bases, purine analogues, amino acids, amino acid analogues, sulfhydryl reactants, and a cholinesterase inhibitor) also inhibit epidermal mitosis. 2.3. (c) Exposure to most inhibitors or to anaerobic conditions results in mitotic inhibition or epidermal damage that cannot be removed by transferring the tissues to a free environment. 3. 3. It is therefore concluded that carbohydrate metabolism inhibitors should not be used to prove a relationship between energy production and epidermal mitosis. 4. 4. The main findings in the present series of four reports are summarized and discussed. In our opinion no concrete evidence has ever been presented showing that glucose is actually being converted to, and used as, a source of energy for epidermal mitosis in vitro, and therefore we feel that Bullough's theories do not stand up to re-examination.
Public Accountability: Performance Measurement, The Extended State, And The Search For Trust

In an Academy partnership with the Kettering Foundation, National Academy of Pubic Administration Fellows Melvin J. Dubnick and H. George Frederickson have completed a study of accountability. The study, Public Accountability: Performance Measurement, The Extended State, and the Search for Trust, is a treatment of the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary applications of accountability to public affairs. The working title of the study was Public Accountability: From Ambulance Chasing to Accident Prevention, but that title was thought to lack the dignity such an important subject deserves. Dubnick and Frederickson challenge the often assumed relationship between performance measurement and accountability. They give special attention to accountability challenges associated with the outsourcing of government work, what they call the Extended State. And, they provide examples of effective public accountability in the context of high trust public-private partnerships.
EDUCATION THE ADOLESCENT AND PEDIATRIC EDUCATION

IT HAS been frequently said that adolescence is the neglected age group; perhaps it is more sound to say that it is physicians9 training in the care of adolescents which has been given relatively little attention. That this has been so may be due to two facts: as the mortality rate from illness is lower in this age group than in any other, less urgency to develop training in their care was felt than in the case of little children and adults; and because the care of this age group has fallen between two specialties, pediatrics and internal medicine, it did not become an absorbing interest of either.
Chronic fluoxetine treatment is associated with persistent desensitization of the 5HT2A receptor and decreased cocaine-primed reinstatement in rhesus monkeys

Previously, we showed that chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment resulted in a significant suppression of cocaine-primed reinstatement that persisted after 6 weeks of wash...
A Method for Collecting User Based Facility Requirements

User participation is an effective means of creating office space planning standards. This paper describes a validated trade-off method for surveying user needs and converting the results into a set of standards for designers' use. A case study describes the use of this technique in the renovation of a state office building interior. Tables and charts illustrate trade-offs made by staff in developing a new set of standards for their space.
Los valores en el título de administración y dirección de empresas : un análisis de su importancia para estudiantes y egresados

Training in values in higher education is an issue which concerns academics and international organizations due to its impact on the transformation of society and on sustainable development. The aim of this research is to identify the opinion of students and graduates on the importance of values in their curriculum development and analyze differences by academic year and sex. For this purpose a survey was conducted following the methodology of Prat and Doval (2005). The population is made up of first-year college students (freshmen) and last-year college students (senior); as well as graduates of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration (ETEA - Universidad Loyola Andalucia). A non-probability sampling technique called causal sampling was used.The results of the descriptive and factorial analysis carried out allowed us to identify consolidated values and other values that should be considered to start new training initiatives. Another important conclusion is that it is also essential to involve companies; professors and students in the development of these new training initiatives.
Structural characteristics of cross-linking sites in type V collagen of bone chain specificities and heterotypic links to type I collagen

To understand the role of type V collagen and its spatial interrelationship with type I collagen in bone matrix, the molecule's covalent intermolecular cross-links were structurally characterized. Type V collagen containing alpha 1(V), alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(XI) chains was isolated from bovine bone and reacted with NaB3H4 to label the cross-linking residues. Radiolabeled native molecules and isolated alpha chains were treated with sodium metaperiodate to cleave the divalent cross-linking bonds. Sequence analysis of the periodate-released peptides matched two of them to alpha 1(V) and alpha 1(XI) aminopropeptide domains. A third peptide was derived from the alpha 1(I) carboxytelopeptide domain of type I collagen. This latter peptide, therefore, came from a site of heterotypic cross-linking between types I and V collagens and accounted for about 15% of the total cross-linked peptides. Sequence analysis of isolated cross-linked tryptic peptides defined the helical sites of attachment of the periodate-released telopeptides and revealed that the putative aminoproteinase-cleavage sites in the alpha 1(V) and alpha 1(XI) chains are located in the molecule interior to the cross-linking residue. These data imply that type V collagen molecules in the extracellular matrix are primarily cross-linked to each other in a head-to-tail linear polymer that is linked laterally to type I collagen molecules in copolymeric fibrils.
Paleomagnetic results from the Snake River Plain: Contribution to the time-averaged field global database

[1] This study presents paleomagnetic results from the Snake River Plain (SRP) in southern Idaho as a contribution to the time-averaged field global database. Paleomagnetic samples were measured from 26 sites, 23 of which (13 normal, 10 reverse) yielded site mean directions meeting our criteria for acceptable paleomagnetic data. Flow ages (on 21 sites) range from 5 ka to 5.6 Ma on the basis of 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. The age and polarity for the 21 dated sites are consistent with the Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale except for a single reversely magnetized site dated at 0.39 Ma. This is apparently the first documented excursion associated with a period of low paleointensity detected in both sedimentary and igneous records. Combining the new data from the SRP with data published from the northwest United States between the latitudes of 40° and 50°N, there are 183 sites in all that meet minimum acceptability criteria for legacy and new data. The overall mean direction of 173 normally magnetized sites has a declination of 2.3°, inclination of 61.4°, a Fisher concentration parameter (κ) of 58, and a radius of 95% confidence (α95) of 1.4°. Reverse sites have a mean direction of 182.4° declination, −58.6° inclination, κ of 50, and α95 of 6.9°. Normal and reversed mean directions are antipodal and indistinguishable from a geocentric axial dipole field at the 95% confidence level. Virtual geomagnetic pole dispersion was found to be circularly symmetric, while the directional data were elongate north-south. An updated and corrected database for the northwestern U.S. region has been contributed to the Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC) database at http://earthref.org.
Crossed fused renal ectopia presenting with blunt trauma

A case is presented of crossed fused renal ectopia in a fifteen-year-old black male which was diagnosed because of blunt trauma. Workup and management are discussed and pertinent x-ray films shown. The literature is reviewed with respect to renal trauma associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney.
Relative placement of the mandibular fossa in great apes and humans.

Several researchers have investigated, or commented on, the relative placement of the hominin mandibular fossa with regard to brain expansion and masticatory function. Two confounding factors are identified in this previous work. First, a number of different measurement techniques have been applied, confusing comparisons between studies. Second, the effects of squamous thickening due to temporal bone pneumatization are shown to influence measurements based relative to the ectocranial margin of the skull. To investigate the influence of these factors, a sample of adult human (n=12), chimpanzee (n=12), gorilla (n=15), and orang-utan (n=8) skulls from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin Zoology Museum, and University of Wisconsin Anthropology collections, were CT scanned. Coronal scans were horizontally aligned and measured on a personal computer using ImageJ (NIH). To identify fossa placement, fossa breadth was measured as the projected distance in the coronal plane between the tip of the entoglenoid to lateral margin of the articular surface. A second distance, from the tip of the entoglenoid to a sagittal plane, tangent to the lateralmost margin of the endocranial surface was taken to indicate the extent of medial placement of the fossa. By eliminating the influence of pneumatization, these data unambiguously confirmed the medial placement of the human fossa and show all great apes as having a laterally placed fossa. Similar measurements on three fossil hominins, KNM-BC 1 (Homo sp. indet.), OH 5 and KNM-ER 23000 (Paranthropus boisei) demonstrate that, while all specimens demonstrate a broad fossa, only KNM-BC 1 is characterized by a relatively medial placement while the latter two display lateral placement.
A Robust Discrete Time Adaptive Servo

This paper deals with the robustness issues associated with the design of an adaptive control servo in the presence of linear unmodeled plant dynamics. In particular, a design methodology for trajectory following control systems is presented which guarantees the boundness of the tracking error without requiring persistent excitation of the reference input. The tracking error bound is calculated as a function of the reference trajectory, using a-priori knowledge of the step response of the plant. An application of this technique to a positioning servo with an unknown or slowly varying inertia load and high frequency unmodeled resonance modes is included.
792-4 Three Years Clinical and Quantitative Angiographic Follow-up After the Palmaz-Schatz Coronary Stent Implantation

Despite its proven efficacy in reducing restenosis in selected lesions, one of the greatest uncertainties of coronary stenting is longer-term results associated with permanent placement of metallic prosthetic devices. To evaluate efficacy and safety in long-term, a prospective serial angiographic study at 6 months (mos), 1 year (yr) and 3 yrs was designed. Between June 1990 to July 1991, single Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation for native coronary arteries was successful in 94 patients (pts) (age: 63 ± 9, male 77%, multivessel disease: 49%) or 97 lesions (Ies) (LAD: 51%, RCA: 34%, Cx: 7%, LMCA: 8%, restenotic lesion: 54%, bail-out use: 24%). At 3 yrs, 93% of pts were alive, 88% free from death/MI/CABG and 79% free from death/MI/CABG/target lesion revascularization (TLR). Six mos follow-up angiography (FUA) was performed and cine films were available in 88 pts (94%). Nine pts (9.6%) underwent TLR and 3 pts died (cardiac: 1, non-cardiac: 2) within 12 mos. Excluding these 12 pts, 82 pts (85 les) were eligible for longer-term FU. FUA at 1 and 3 yrs was performed in 73 pts (89%), and 49 pts (60%), respectively. CAAS II was used for quantitative analysis. Pre Post 6 mos 1 yrs 3 yrs N of les 52 52 52 52 52 Interval (days) – – 193 ± 21 374 ± 24 1068 ± 105 MLD (mm) 1.00 ± 0.42 2.56 ± 0.5 1.98 ± 0.53 1.97 ± 0.52 2.12 ± 0.53 Ref (mm) 3.15 ± 0.58 3.42 ± 0.6 3.06 ± 0.6 3.07 ± 0.56 3.12 ± 0.56 MLD = minimal lumen diameter, Ref = Interpolated reference diameter MLD improved between 6 mos and 3 yrs (P = 0.016) and did not change between 6 mos and 1 yr. Clinical events beyond 1yr was analyzed in pts with or without FUA at 3 yrs. In 49 pts with FUA at 3 yrs, 2 pts (4%) suffered from MI unrelated to the stented les. TLR and PTCA for new les were required in 2 pts (4%) and 9 pts (18%) respectively. In 33 pts without FUA at 3 yrs, 3 pts (9%) died from definite non-cardiac causes and 2 pts (6%) underwent TLR due to angiographic restenosis at 1 yr FUA. In conclusion , safety and efficacy of stents appeared to be sustained at 3 yrs.
Global‐through‐urban nested three‐dimensional simulation of air pollution with a 13,600‐reaction photochemical mechanism

[1] To date, gas photochemistry has not been simulated beyond a few hundred reactions in a three-dimensional (3-D) atmospheric model. Here, we treat 4675 gases and 13,626 tropospheric and stratospheric reactions in the 3-D GATOR-GCMOM climate-pollution model and compare results with data and with results from a condensed 152-gas/297-reaction mechanism when the model was nested at increasing resolution from the globe to California to Los Angeles. Gases included C1-C12 organic degradation products and H-, O-, N-, Cl−, Br-, Fl-, and S-containing inorganics. Organic reactions were from the Master Chemical Mechanism. Photolysis coefficients for 2644 photoprocesses and heating rates for 1909 photolyzing gases were solved with an online radiative code in each grid cell using quantum yield/cross section data over 86 UV/visible wavelengths. Spatial/temporal emissions of > 110 gases were derived from the 2005 U.S. National Emission Inventory. The condensed mechanism was a modified Carbon-Bond IV (MCBIV). Three-day simulation results indicate that the more-explicit mechanism reduced the O3 gross error against data versus the MCBIV error against data by only ∼2 percentage points (from 28.3% to 26.5%) and NO2 and HCHO by ∼6 percentage points in Los Angeles. While more-explicit photochemistry improved results, the condensed mechanism was not the main source of ozone error. The more explicit mechanism, which treated absorptive heating by more photolyzing gases, also resulted in a different magnitude of feedbacks to meteorological variables and back to gases themselves than did the less-explicit mechanism. The computer time for all processes in GATOR-GCMOM with the more explicit mechanism (solved with SMVGEAR II in all domains) was only ∼3.7 times that with the MCBIV despite the factors of 31 and 46 increases in numbers of species and reactions, respectively.
Managing the business benefits of product data management: the case of Festo

Purpose – The paper seeks to investigate the question as to how the business benefits of product data management (PDM) can be assessed and realized. In particular, it aims at understanding the means‐end relationship between PDM and product data on the one hand and a company's business goals on the other hand.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a case study research approach. The case of Festo is unique and allows for detailed examination of both the business benefits of PDM and of the inter‐dependencies of various business benefit enablers. Due to the limited amount of scientific knowledge with regard to the management of PDM business benefits, the study is exploratory in nature. The conceptual framework used to guide the study combines business engineering concepts and the business dependency network technique.Findings – The findings are threefold. First, the paper explicates and details the understanding of the nature of PDM business benefits. Second, it provides insight into the complexity and...
Deviancy from the norms of science: A test of control theory

Control theory of deviance is extended to the case of deviancy from the four Mertonian norms of science. Control theory is tested on a national sample of faculty in seven academic disciplines. The 1977 Survey of the American Professoriate conducted by Ladd and Lipset was the data source for this inquiry. The results indicate that both the internalization of a given norm and disciplinary colleague conformity to a given norm exert an influence on deviancy from each of the four norms of science. These findings provide support for control theory as an explication for deviancy from the norms of science. However, the influence of the extent to which disciplinary colleagues are perceived to be conforming to these norms on norm deviancy is stronger than that of individual norm internalization. Deviancy from the norms of science is the consequence of ineffective social control. Thus, these findings suggest that social control in the academic profession lies primarily in the community of the academic disciplines rather than with personal controls.
Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Anisotropic Superfluid Neutron-Star Matter

The Gor'kov procedure is used to obtain a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory for anisotropic superfluid neutron-star matter. The resulting equations are solved for the case of superfluid flow past a plane boundary and the case of an isolated vortex line. The structure of these solutions and their connection with rotating neutron stars is discussed.
Decomposition of gray-scale morphological structuring elements

Abstract Mathematical morphology has been developed recently for many applications in image processing and analysis. Most image processing architectures adapted to morphological operations use structuring elements of limited size. Implementation difficulties arise when an algorithm requires the use of a large size structuring element. In this paper we present techniques for decomposing big grayscale morphological structuring elements into combined structures of segmented small components. According to mathematical morphology properties, such decomposition allows us to equate morphological operations on big structuring elements with operations on decomposed small structuring components. The decomposition is suitable for parallel pipelined architecture. This technique will allow full freedom for users to design any kind and any size of gray-scale morphological structuring element.
The optical rotatory power of water.

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the optical rotatory response of a single oriented water molecule are described. The unique tensor element ℊxy was computed to be −0.047 bohr3 with CCSD/6-311+G(d,p). A value of −0.033 was obtained with the minimal valence basis that was better suited to parsing the rotatory response among a limited number of excited states. Transition moments were calculated ab initio and qualitatively derived from the wave functions. Rotations were reckoned from the relative dispositions of the transition moments with respect to the wavevectors. In this way, it was possible to intuitively reckon the form of the optical rotation tensor consistent with that from higher levels of theory and to establish which excitations make the most significant contributions.
Deep circulation in the Late Cretaceous: Oxygen isotope paleotemperatures from Inoceramus remains in D.S.D.P. cores

Abstract Inoceramus is an epibenthic bivalve which lived in a wide variety of paleoenvironments encompassing a broad range of paleodepths. A survey of all Cretaceous sediments from Deep Sea Drilling Project legs 1–69 and 75 revealed over 500 Inoceramus specimens at twenty sites. Of these, 47 well-preserved Late Cretaceous specimens from the South Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans were analyzed for oxygen and carbon isotopes. The specimens exhibit small internal isotopic variability and oxygen isotopic paleotemperatures that are consistent with a deep-sea habitat. Paleotemperatures ranging from 5 to 16°C show that Late Cretaceous oceans were significantly warmer than the present oceans. The data suggest that deep water was formed both by cooling at high latitudes and by evaporation in the subtropics.
Immune Privilege Persists in Eyes with Extreme Inflammation Induced by Intravitreal LPS

Since immune privilege is believed to exist in the eye in order to suppress sight-destroying inflammation, we wondered whether eyes with intraocular inflammation retain the immune privileged state. Intraocular inflammation was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the vitreous cavity of BALB/c mouse eyes, which showed a peak in intensity at approximately 9 h. At this time point, inflamed eyes were examined for their capacity to afford immune privilege to injected allogeneic tumor cells, and to promote anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) to antigens injected locally. In addition, aqueous humor (AqH) harvested from inflamed eyes was tested for its ability to suppress T cell activation. Surprisingly, eyes with acute, intense intraocular inflammation allowed allogeneic tumor cells to form progressively growing tumors, and these same eyes promoted ACAID. Moreover, AqH harvested from inflamed eyes strongly inhibited T cell activation. We conclude that the type of extreme, intraocular inflammation evoked by intravitreally injected LPS fails to abolish immune privilege in the eye. These findings are discussed in light of the effects of other types of inflammation on the integrity of ocular immune privilege, and with respect to the capacity of the eye to maintain immune privilege by more than one mechanism.
Analytically exact spiral scheme for generating uniformly distributed points on the unit sphere

Abstract The problem of constructing a set of uniformly distributed points on the surface of a sphere, also known as the Thomson problem, has a long and interesting history, which dates back to J.J. Thomson in 1904. A particular variant of the Thomson problem that is of great importance to biomedical imaging is that of generating a nearly uniform distribution of points on the sphere via a deterministic scheme. Although the point set generated through the minimization of electrostatic potential is the gold standard, minimizing the electrostatic potential of one thousand points (or charges) or more remains a formidable task. Therefore, a deterministic scheme capable of generating efficiently and accurately a set of uniformly distributed points on the sphere has an important role to play in many scientific and engineering applications, not the least of which is to serve as an initial solution (with random perturbation) for the electrostatic repulsion scheme. In this work, we will present an analytically exact spiral scheme for generating a highly uniform distribution of points on the unit sphere.
Discovery of dual fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide dyes based on balanced seesaw photophysical model.

The 3 × 3 matrix elements included for the evaluation of dual fluorescence are based on a predictive model described as a ‘seesaw balanced’ photophysical model.
Aggression- and sex-induced neural activity across vasotocin populations in the brown anole

Activity within the social behavior neural network is modulated by the neuropeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian homologue arginine vasopressin (AVP). However, central AVT/AVP release causes different behavioral effects across species and social environments. These differences may be due to the activation of different neuronal AVT/AVP populations or to similar activity patterns causing different behavioral outputs. We examined neural activity (assessed as Fos induction) within AVT neurons in male brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) participating in aggressive or sexual encounters. Lizards possess simple amniote nervous systems, and their examination provides a comparative framework to complement avian and mammalian studies. In accordance with findings in other species, AVT neurons in the anole paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were activated during aggressive encounters; but unlike in other species, a positive correlation was found between aggression levels and activation. Activation of AVT neurons within the supraoptic nucleus (SON) occurred nonspecifically with participation in either aggressive or sexual encounters. Activation of AVT neurons in the preoptic area (POA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) was associated with engagement in sexual behaviors. The above findings are congruent with neural activation patterns observed in other species, even when the behavioral outputs (i.e., aggression level) differed. However, aggressive encounters also increased activation of AVT neurons in the BNST, which is incongruous with findings in other species. Thus, some species differences involve the encoding of social stimuli as different neural activation patterns within the AVT/AVP network, whereas other behavioral differences arise downstream of this system.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Refrigerants Using the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory with Variable Range. 1. Pure Components

The statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable attractive range (SAFT-VR) has been used for the phase equilibrium calculations of 49 pure refrigerants divided into eight classes: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), C1−C6 hydrocarbons (HCs), and fluoroiodides (HIs). The optimized values of the pure component parameters for the model are obtained by fitting to the available experimental data such as the vapor pressure and saturated phase densities of each of the pure components. The correlations using the model were in good agreement with experimental data for most of the substances. In our companion paper, these parameters are used with standard combining rules to predict and correlate mixture phase properties based on the pure components discussed in this work.
Monte Carlo versus Langevin methods for nonpositive definite weights

We point out that a standard Monte Carlo algorithm can be made to converge in some cases for nonpositive definite weights. Comparison of Monte Carlo and Langevin algorithms for two simple models with complex actions shows the Monte Carlo method to be always superior; it is more reliable and gives smaller statistical error when both converge, and converges in cases where the Langevin method does not.
WE-G-213CD-05: Beam's-Eye-View Prostate Motion Detection during Arc Radiotherapy.

Purpose: To track prostate motion during clinical arc radiotherapy using a novel statistical motion tracking algorithm in both phantom and patient systems. Methods: For the phantom study, a dynamic phantom with a custom tumor model and radiopaque fiducials was used. For the patient study, the clinical data from two prostate patients were acquired during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). For each patient, two gold fiducials (X‐Mark, 1cm and 2cm in length) were implanted in the prostate. A total of 35 fractions with 2‐field full arcs were delivered. Beam's‐eye‐ view (BEV) images were acquired in cine mode every five fractions at a frame rate of 2 fps.The prostate motion was measured by two sequential steps: fiducial detection and motion estimation. In the first step, a wavelet‐ based block matching filter was used to suppress the noise and enhance the fiducials in the BEV images. A trajectory of detected fiducials was generated along the projection angles. Sequentially, the prostate motion was tracked using a statistical maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm. The 3‐D fiducial position was estimated by maximizing the probability of displacement of 2‐D projections. Results: A total of 8,400 BEV images were processed for this study. The phantom experiments showed that the baseline accuracy of estimation is 0.69+/−0.56 mm. For patient 1, intra‐ fraction prostate motion was measured to be 0.98+/−0.51 mm for all fractions, and individual fraction motion less than 1 mm. For patient 2, intra‐ fraction motion was 1.12+/−0.65 mm for all fractions. However, an exceptionally large displacement was measured as 4.9+/−0.74mm in one of the fractions. Conclusions: Prostate motion during arc‐therapy can be rigorously tracked to an accuracy of one millimeter. This technique is well suited for in‐treatment room target tracking and post‐therapy evaluation. Varian Medical Systems Inc
New SAR ATR algorithm suite

This paper presents performance results for a new, fully polarimetric SAR ATR algorithm suite. The new algorithm suite is a modified version of the current Lincoln Laboratory baseline ATR algorithm suite. The detection (plus clustering) portion of the ATR system remains unchanged; however, the new ATR system uses a larger, optimized feature set for discrimination, and a multi- layered scheme for target classification. The new ATR system was found to provide improved performance over the baseline system when tested on a large data set of tactical targets (both bare and netted) and a large set of ground clutter (which contained numerous man-made objects).
THE TEXAN APPALACHIA

A distinctive culture developed in the Appalachian South by the early 1800's, typified mainly by a preservation of archaic traits, including the persistence of a frontier way of life. The bearers of this culture spread to the Ozark-Ouachita area of Missouri and Arkansas in the first half of the nineteenth century. The present paper is a documentation of a second major transplantation of the southern mountaineer—to the hills of central Texas. Evidence of a migration from Appalachia and Ozarkia to the Texas hills in the 1845–1880 period is presented. This movement of people was guided at least in part by environmental perception, for the southern mountaineers sought lands in Texas similar to those they left behind and applied to the physical features of their new home the same descriptive place-names used in the Ozarks and Appalachians. Various characteristics of the economy, standard of living, folkways, cultural landscape, and educational levels in the Texas hill area are reminiscent of the highland South. The best interpretation of these similarities is to regard the hillsmen of Texas as hitherto ignored southwestern representatives of the southern mountaineer culture.
Tissue Transglutaminase Facilitates the Polymerization of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and Leads to Loss of IGFBP-1's Ability to Inhibit Insulin-like Growth Factor-I-stimulated Protein Synthesis

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) binds to insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and has been shown to inhibit or stimulate cellular responses to IGF-I in vitro. This capacity of IGFBP-1 to inhibit or stimulate IGF-I actions correlates with its ability to form stable high molecular weight multimers. Since the ability of some proteins to polymerize is dependent upon transglutamination, we determined if tissue transglutaminase could catalyze this reaction and the effect of polymerization of IGFBP-1 upon IGF-I action. Following incubation with pure tissue transglutaminase (Tg), IGFBP-1 formed covalently linked multimers that were stable during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using reducing conditions. Dephosphorylated IGFBP-1 polymerized more rapidly and to a greater extent compared with native (phosphorylated) IGFBP-1. Exposure to IGF-I stimulated transglutamination of IGFBP-1 in vitro. An IGFBP-1 mutant in which Gln66-Gln67 had been altered to Ala66-Ala67 (Q66A/Q67A) was relatively resistant to polymerization by Tg compared with native IGFBP-1. Tg localized in fibroblast membranes was also shown to catalyze the formation of native IGFBP-1 multimers, however, Q66A/Q67A IGFBP-1 failed to polymerize. Although the mutant IGFBP-1 potently inhibited IGF-I stimulated protein synthesis in pSMC cultures, the same concentration of native IGFBP-1 had no inhibitory effect. The addition of higher concentrations of native IGFBP-1 did inhibit the protein synthesis response, and this degree of inhibition correlated with the amount of monomeric IGFBP-1 that was present. In conclusion, IGFBP-1 is a substrate for tissue transglutaminase and Tg leads to the formation of high molecular weight covalently linked multimers. Polymerization is an important post-translational modification of IGFBP-1 that regulates cellular responses to IGF-I.
Identification of the transfer function of dynamic cutting processes — A comparative assessment

Abstract A knowledge of the transfer characteristics of the cutting process is one of the crucial factors needed for the assessment of the dynamic stability of the machining system. Yet, it is still not possible to obtain a reliable analytical model, neither based on theoretical considerations nor on experimental data. The objective of this paper is to introduce a method for the determination of the cutting process transfer function in the form of analytical models based on experimental data. The Dynamic Data System (DDS) approach has made it possible to adequately characterize the dynamic cutting process from observations of random force and vibration components. The theoretical concepts and modelling procedure have been demonstrated using actual experimental data. Subsequently, a comparative assessment of the obtained results is given with respect to two typical existing methods, the shear plane method and the double modulation method, representing the static and dynamic methods respectively.