cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salt Marsh Restoration With Sediment-Slurry Amendments Following A Drought-Induced Large-Scale Disturbance

Approximately 40,500 ha of Spartina-dominated marshes died during a drought-induced disturbance in Louisiana. This caused concern because in the absence of recovery, dieback marshes can subside, increasing the present high rates of wetland loss in coastal Louisiana. We assessed the recovery of one such dieback area after hydraulically dredged sediment-slurries were applied to the site to compensate for post-dieback soil consolidation. Five treatment-levels resulted from the sediment-slurry addition: 1) high elevation 2) medium elevation, 3) low elevation, 4) pop-up, and 5) vegetated. Plant recruitment within the five sediment treatment-levels were compared to two types of reference marshes: 1) ambient marshes, which neither died-back nor received sediment-enrichment, and 2) dieback marshes, which did not receive sediment addition. High and medium elevations had minimal recovery two years following the slurry addition, similar to that in reference dieback marshes. The low elevation, pop-up (highly organic sections of the original substrate that detached during slurry application and settled on top of the sediment-slurry), and vegetated (dieback areas that recovered by the start of the study) treatment-levels, all of which received sediment-slurry application, had rapid plant recovery. Plant recolonization was governed by optimal inundation, high organic matter content at high elevation, and rhizome survivability following sediment burial. If applied appropriately, sediment-slurry amendments can restore salt marshes submerging due to subsidence or other events, like sea-level rise, that may result in excessive plant submergence.
CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE AND SUBJECTIVE STRESS IN SENSORY DEPRIVATION.

Conceptually complex Ss rated sensory deprivation as more unpleasant than did conceptually simple Ss. This datum has implications both for the original theory of conceptual structure and for various areas of research.
Image-guided ablation of postsurgical locoregional recurrence of biopsy-proven well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) as salvage therapy for locoregional recurrence after resection of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods There were 42 locoregional, biopsy-proven, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma lesions (0.5–3.7 cm) treated, 21 with RF ablation and 21 with PEI. Of treated lesions, 35 were located in the lateral compartments, and 7 were located in the central compartment. Data points in the retrospective analysis, determined beforehand by the investigators, were progression at the ablation site, serum thyroglobulin levels before and after the procedure, and procedural complications. Results Average follow-up after RF ablation was 61.3 months and after PEI was 38.5 months. No progression was detected in the region of ablation for any of the lesions treated with RF ablation. Local progression was detected 4–11 months after ablation in 5 of the 21 lesions treated with PEI, 3 in the lateral compartment and 2 in the central compartment; all of the lesions were successfully retreated with repeat PEI, RF ablation, or surgery. Permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred after one RF ablation procedure of a lateral compartment supraclavicular node. There were no complications after PEI. Conclusions This case series provides long-term follow-up evidence of the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided RF ablation and PEI for control of locoregional recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery.
Calculation of properties with the coupled-cluster method

The cluster-expansion approach to the correlation problem, pioneered by Coester, Kummel, Cizek and Paldus, is extended to calculation of static and dynamic properties of many-fermion systems. Linear, inhomogeneous equations are obtained for properties of any order. A time-dependent formulation gives frequency-dependent properties, yielding excitation energies, transition probabilities, and (possibly) lifetimes reminiscent of Green's function methods.
Prediction of water vapor scale height from integrated water vapor measurements

A method for estimating the 10% height of water vapor in the atmosphere is presented. This 10% height is the altitude below which 10% of the atmospheric water vapor vertical distribution occurs. The estimation is based on a time series of ground-based measurements of integrated water vapor, and results from the behavior of the turbulence structure function for water vapor outside of the outer scale of tropospheric turbulence. This behavior is demonstrated by a model which expands on earlier work by Treuhaft and Lanyi on the behavior of atmospheric turbulence in a "frozen" atmosphere. The model integrates statistics of the climatological average water vapor profile with wind and integrated water vapor measurements. Microwave water vapor radiometer, radar wind profiler, and radiosonde data from the Continental Stratus campaign have been processed and the results are presented in support of the model. It is shown that, through the combination of integrated water vapor data from a microwave radiometer, wind profile data from a tropospheric radar, and a realistic model created with local radiosonde launches, the water vapor 10% height in the atmosphere can be successfully predicted with a simple algorithm.
The impact of heterogeneity correction on dosimetric parameters that predict for radiation pneumonitis

Purpose: To determine if heterogeneity correction significantly affects commonly measured dosimetric parameters predicting pulmonary toxicity in patients receiving radiation for lung cancer. Methods and Materials: Sixty-eight patients treated for lung cancer were evaluated. The conformal treatment technique mostly employed anteroposterior/posterior-anterior fields and off-cord obliques. The percent total lung volume receiving 20 Gy or higher (V{sub 2}) and mean lung dose (MLD) were correlated with the incidence of radiation pneumonitis. Parameters from both heterogeneity-corrected and heterogeneity-uncorrected plans were used to assess this risk. Results: Univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the development of radiation pneumonitis and both V{sub 2} and MLD. A best-fit line to a plot of V{sub 2} from the homogeneous plan against the corresponding V{sub 2} heterogeneous value produced a slope of 1.00 and zero offset, indicating no difference between the two parameters. For MLD, a similarly significant correlation is seen between the heterogeneous and homogeneous parameters, indicating a 4% difference when correcting for heterogeneity. A significant correlation was also observed between the MLD and V{sub 2} parameters (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: A high degree of correlation exists between heterogeneity-corrected and heterogeneity-uncorrected dosimetric parameters for lung and the risk of developing pneumonitis. Either V{sub 2} or MLDmore » predicts the pneumonitis risk with similar effect.« less
Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films with a Non-Equilibrium Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet

Silicon dioxide films were grown using an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet that was produced by flowing oxygen and helium between two coaxial metal electrodes that were driven by 13.56 MHz radio frequency power. The plasma exiting from between the electrodes was mixed with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and directed onto a silicon substrate held at 115-350 °C. Silicon dioxide films were deposited at rates ranging from 20±2 to 300±25 nm min-1. The deposition rate increased with decreasing temperature and increasing TEOS pressure, oxygen pressure and RF power. For the latter two variables, the rate increased as follows: Rd∝P0.3O2(RF)1.4. Films grown at 115 °C were porous and contained adsorbed hydroxyl groups, whereas films grown at 350 °C were smooth, dense and free of impurities. These results suggest that the mechanism in the atmospheric pressure plasma is the same as that in low-pressure plasmas.
Body size and alternative mating tactics in the beewolf Philanthus zebratus (Hymenoptera; Sphecidae)

A study of the mating behaviour of males of the beewolf Philanthus zebratus revealed that in one population males display variability in mating tactics and that this variability is related to male body size. There was a tendency for large males to patrol the airspace above the nesting area while smaller males were territorial adjacent to it. The mean sizes of the two groups of males were significantly different, although the size ranges of the two groups overlapped. Only 2.5% of the males were observed to undertake both mating tactics, at different times. Observations are presented on daily and seasonal activity patterns and on the relative location of nests, territories, and patrolling males. A second population, with lower nest density, was observed for several days, revealing only territorial males. It is suggested that the presence of patrolling males is related to the higher nest density of the one population. The fact that patrolling males tend to be relatively large is possibly related to flight energetics or simply to the ability of large males to seize females, which are usually larger than males, in mid-air.
The Effect of Age on Pharmacy Patronage: Is Locational Convenience a Lurking Variable?

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate how the location of a respondent's residence in relation to a pharmacy's location can affect the pharmacy patronage of elderly individuals. Usable data were obtained from 207 residents of 4 apartment buildings for the aged and disabled in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Based on the results of linear logistic regression, the most useful model for explaining the patronage patterns of the sample used the logit of pharmacy location (not type of pharmacy) as the dependent variable. The significant independent variable for the model was location of respondent's residence (p value < 0.001). Respondent age (p value = 0.19) was not a significant predictor of pharmacy patronage when location was controlled.
Secure Enhanced Update Approach for Embedded Transmission Line Monitoring Terminals

Introduce typical embedded device in power transmission line monitoring system and its update requirements. Analyze the drawback of traditional embedded system update mechanism over the air. Propose a security enhanced update approach with light-weight authentication protocol and recovery mechanism.
Student Perceptions Of The Value Of Internships In Business Education

Internships are an increasingly popular element of higher education in business and provide many potential benefits to students. An internship experience can help students make the connection between their academic studies and the world of business. They can also create valuable connections and networking opportunities to improve the employment and career prospects for students. This study analyzes the internships of 114 undergraduate and graduate students to determine what factors account for the most valuable internship experience. The results show a strong statistical correlation between the perceived value of the internship and the student’s demographic profile, the structure of the internship, and the connection to the students’ career plans. These findings provide a basis for designing successful internship programs in business education.
Transgenic models for study of pulmonary development and disease

This review summarizes progress in the application of transgenic mouse technology to the study of lung development and disease. Since advances in molecular genetics have greatly facilitated the isolation of cDNA and genes, our ability to readily assess roles of both normal and mutated genes in transgenic mouse in vivo represents a major advance, bridging molecular biology and whole animal physiology. Strategies have been developed in which lung epithelial cell promoter elements are used to drive normal or mutated genes into specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells in the lungs of developing and mature transgenic mice. These mice have been used to elucidate the cis-acting elements controlling lung epithelial cell gene expression, to discern the role of specific polypeptides in lung morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, and to create animal models of pulmonary disease. The ability to mutate genes at their precise chromosomal locations through gene targeting in embryonic stem cells has lead to the production of animal models of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Both gene insertion and gene targeting create permanent mouse lines that pass the modified gene to their progeny, providing animals for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary disorders.
Alirocumab for hyperlipidemia: ODYSSEY Phase III clinical trial results and US FDA approval indications.

A new class of lipid-lowering drugs, inhibitors of PCSK9 has been generating impressive clinical trial data over the last several years, and alirocumab (Praluent) has become the first to be approved by the US FDA. Alirocumab has been shown to lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 45–62% with a safety profile generally comparable to placebo. Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 administered subcutaneously and has been evaluated in 16 Phase III clinical trials, the majority of which have been enrolled or completed. This article will be a review of the available Phase III safety and efficacy data of the ODYSSEY studies including a brief description of each of the 16 studies.
Informal Description of the Algorithm

This chapter gives an informal description of our algorithm. First, we review the standard LR parsing algorithm with an example. Then, section 2.3 extends the standard LR parsing algorithm with the idea of a graph-structured stack, so that it can handle natural language grammars. Finally, section 2.4 describes how to represent all possible parse trees efficiently, so that as the ambiguity of a sentence grows exponentially, it takes at most polynomial space to represent them.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOLOMA WITH A DESCRIPTION OF TRICHOLOMA LUTEOMACULOSUM

Four closely related species of Tricholoma subg. Tricholoma sect. Tricholoma are discussed and illustrated. Three, Tricholoma marquettense, T. olivaceobrunneum and T. subaureum are described as
Designing for Human-Centered Systems: Situational Risk as a Factor of Trust in Automation:

As society continues to become advanced in technology, automation is increasingly implemented in systems reducing the need for human intervention. Although the system is the main focus in rendering...
Treatment Guided by an Online Course A Single Case Evaluation of TF-CBT for an Adolescent With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This article describes the successful treatment of a 16-year-old female presenting with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to alleged childhood sexual abuse using trauma-focused c...
Judicial Review in Modern Constitutional Systems.

The problem of guarding the constitution is fundamental in any political system. If the term “constitution” is given a very broad definition, such dictatorial devices as powerful secret police and special tribunals for the safety of the state may be regarded as means for the protection of the “constitution” of a totalitarian regime. However, western democracy does not rely upon repressive means for safeguarding the constitution, except in times of crisis when use is made of martial law, the state of siege, and constitutional dictatorship. For normal times, western democracy has developed constitutional means of protection that essentially resemble ordinary legal and political processes, such as the amending process, special deliberative bodies, and judicial review.This study is concerned with judicial review as a means of guarding against legislative encroachments on the constitution. The acceptance of judicial review in national constitutional systems will be traced historically, with emphasis upon twentieth-century developments. Some attention will be given to the historical background of judicial review and to its theory and practice under various modern constitutions, but no systematic treatment of these subjects is attempted.
Microbiome mediation of infections in the cancer setting

Infections encountered in the cancer setting may arise from intensive cancer treatments or may result from the cancer itself, leading to risk of infections through immune compromise, disruption of anatomic barriers, and exposure to nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogens. Consequently, cancer-related infections are unique and epidemiologically distinct from those in other patient populations and may be particularly challenging for clinicians to treat. There is increasing evidence that the microbiome is a crucial factor in the cancer patient’s risk for infectious complications. Frequently encountered pathogens with observed ties to the microbiome include vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium difficile; these organisms can exist in the human body without disease under normal circumstances, but all can arise as infections when the microbiome is disrupted. In the cancer patient, such disruptions may result from interventions such as chemotherapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, or anatomic alteration through surgery. In this review, we discuss evidence of the significant role of the microbiome in cancer-related infections; how a better understanding of the role of the microbiome can facilitate our understanding of these complications; and how this knowledge might be exploited to improve outcomes in cancer patients and reduce risk of infection.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and its Association with Cancer.

Objective: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common rheumatologic disease in the elderly population. Studies on the relationship between PMR and cancer have yielded mixed results and have been limited by multiple factors. This study examined the association between PMR and development of cancer in a community cohort. Methods: A population-based cohort of 359 patients with PMR diagnosed between 1/1/1970 and 12/31/1999 and followed to 12/31/2013 was assembled along with a comparison cohort of 357 subjects. Records of the PMR and comparator subjects were reviewed for details concerning diagnosis of cancer. The cumulative incidence of malignancy in patients with and without PMR, adjusted for the competing risk of death, was estimated and compared using methods of Gray. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the trends in malignancy over time. Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of malignancy prior to PMR incidence date/index date between the two groups with prior malignancies in 41 (11%) of patients with PMR, and 50 (14%) of non-PMR subjects (p-value=0.31). As well, there was no difference in the cumulative incidence of malignancy at 10 years following PMR incidence between patients with PMR and non-PMR subjects (cumulative incidence at 10 years ± SE: PMR 13.8 ± 2.0, control 13.1 ± 2.0; p-value=0.89). Conclusion: There is no increased risk of malignancy in patients who are diagnosed with PMR when compared to subjects without PMR in this population-based cohort.
Aquatic biodiversity in forests: a weak link in ecosystem services resilience

The diversity of aquatic ecosystems is being quickly reduced on many continents, warranting a closer examination of the consequences for ecological integrity and ecosystem services. Here we describe intermediate and final ecosystem services derived from aquatic biodiversity in forests. We include a summary of the factors framing the assembly of aquatic biodiversity in forests in natural systems and how they change with a variety of natural disturbances and human-derived stressors. We consider forested aquatic ecosystems as a multi-state portfolio, with diverse assemblages and life-history strategies occurring at local scales as a consequence of a mosaic of habitat conditions and past disturbances and stressors. Maintaining this multi-state portfolio of assemblages requires a broad perspective of ecosystem structure, various functions, services, and management implications relative to contemporary stressors. Because aquatic biodiversity provides multiple ecosystem services to forests, activities that compromise aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity could be an issue for maintaining forest ecosystem integrity. We illustrate these concepts with examples of aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services in forests of northwestern North America, also known as Northeast Pacific Rim. Encouraging management planning at broad as well as local spatial scales to recognize multi-state ecosystem management goals has promise for maintaining valuable ecosystem services. Ultimately, integration of information from socio-ecological ecosystems will be needed to maintain ecosystem services derived directly and indirectly from forest aquatic biota.
The Case of "Missing Causal Genes" and the Practice of Medicine: A Sherlock Holmes Approach of Deductive Reasoning.

The practice of medicine is an exceedingly gratifying privilege, a notion that is commonly shared among the physicians. Also commonly understood but often not expressed is the humbling nature of this practice. Seldom, if ever, we know the true answers to our patients’ questions. Yet, we adeptly offer explanations, commonly based on the group data, and yet the essence of the practice of medicine is recognizing the uniqueness of the individual and his/her disease. To quote Sir William Osler, the father of western medicine, “the good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease.” Still, our answers typically gratify the patients and perhaps give the physicians an incontrovertibly false sense of being omniscient. The landscape of the practice of medicine has been recently enriched with the entry of the medical genetics. The impetus provided by the recent elucidation of the genetic causes of single-gene cardiovascular diseases has ushered in clinical applications of the molecular genetic discoveries and along with it our exuberance about genetic-based diagnosis, risk stratification, prevention, and treatment. Molecular Genetic testing is now routinely performed as part of the medical evaluation of patients with medical conditions commonly recognized as single-gene diseases, such as inherited cardiomyopathies and arrhythmic syndromes.1–3 It is also being advocated for risk stratification of patients with complex phenotypes, albeit its validity remains unsettled. Along with these advances, the need to educate and train the practicing physicians in understanding the fundamentals of genetics and their applications to the practice of medicine are increasingly recognized.4 Despite the remarkable progress in elucidation of genetic causes of cardiovascular diseases during the past 25 years, the causal genes in ≈30% to 50% of various single-gene cardiovascular diseases, including hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmic syndromes, have yet-to-be identified (Figure). The common causal …
Performance of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 Te based high-energy gamma detectors in various single polarity sensing device geometries

Detector grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te single crystals were grown using a tellurium solvent method. Crystal blocks of dimensions ~11×11×10 mm3 were prepared for characterization and detector fabrication. The crystals were characterized using optical techniques. Infra-red transmission images revealed a low Te inclusion/precipitation concentration. Pockel's effect measurements showed fairly uniform depth-wise distribution of the electric field. Detectors in various configurations viz., small pixel, virtual Frisch grid, and coplanar grid were fabricated on the same crystal in turns, and characterized by electrical measurements, alpha spectroscopy, and high energy gamma ray spectroscopy. Current-voltage measurements exhibited very low leakage current of ~5 nA at 1000 V and resistivities of the order of 8.5×1010 Ω.cm. Electron drift mobilities of the order of 840 cm2/V.s and electron mobility-lifetime products of the order of 2.7×10-3 cm2/V were calculated using alpha spectroscopy. All the detectors exhibited a distinct peak for the 662 keV gamma rays from a 137Cs source. Among all other configurations, the virtual Frisch grid configuration revealed the best resolution of 4.3% (FWHM) for the 662 keV gamma rays.
Theory as Praxis: The Man With the Blue Guitar

Although many years later Stevens claimed that he confined his focus in The Man With the Blue Guitar (1937) to ‘the area of poetry’ (L, no. 873), this brilliantly concise poem – or perhaps we should say sequence of 33 poems – explores the necessary preconditions to creativity: self-knowledge and knowledge of man. While Vendler misses the vastness that she admires in the other longer Stevens poems, should we not applaud its efficiency, intensity, control, and unity?1 If any poem defines the nature of Stevens’s creative and artistic life, it is this one. Stevens used his poems to create metaphors of himself, tropes of his essential being as a poet separate and apart from his diurnal concerns. To read Stevens is to participate in the adventure of his creating his persona. In this poem he tests various notions of the poet – as comedian, vates, legislator, lyricist. Within the poem, both the speaker’s selfconcept and the external space undergo constant change and modification. Indeed, we should think of The Man With the Blue Guitar not only as a Socratic dialogue in which various theories of poetry are proposed, but as an exhibition of ventriloquy where the speaker tries on every conceivable voice of the poet. Among other things, Stevens is auditioning for the crucial roles of the major modernist poet – the poetic counterpart of Picasso – and the major American poet in the tradition of Emerson and Whitman.
Maximum and largest crown width equations for 15 tree species in Maine

An extensive statewide data set for seven conifer and eight hardwood species commonly occurring in Maine was used in the development of maximum and largest crown width equations. To establish the characteristics of open-grown trees, quantile regression was used to estimate the biological maximum crown width for a species at a given diameter. To predict crown widths of trees in forested settings, a constrained nonlinear equation was used, using the predicted maximum crown width, tree diameter, and crown ratio. The models performed well across the wide range of stand conditions present in the data set and improved predictions over the currently used crown width equations for most species (reduction of mean absolute error ranged from 1 to 23%). In general, predictions of largest crown width were not greatly improved with the inclusion of crown ratio, and there was a high amount of unexplained variation for shade-tolerant hardwood species, such as American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). The equations presented herein can be used in examining tree crown profiles, computing measurements of stand density, and investigating canopy dynamics for species common to the forests of Maine.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Religion and Macromarketing

This introductory essay sets up the context for discussions of religion and macromarketing. The essay provides some of the author’s own views before introducing the eight refereed articles and book review that comprise this special issue. Two more articles and another book review will be forthcoming in the next issue of the journal. The author concludes by thanking the authors, the reviewers, and Editors-in-Chief for their assistance in preparing this special issue.
Histamine Applied Topically to the Nasal Mucosa Increases the Transmucosal Nitrous Oxide Exchange for the Middle Ear.

OBJECTIVE Determine if the middle ear transmucosal nitrous oxide (N2O) exchange rate is affected by nasal inflammation caused by topical application of histamine. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 20 adults were challenged intranasally with histamine (5 mg) and placebo on separate occasions. At each session, the subjects were fitted with a non-rebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes, 50% N2O:50% O2 for 20 minutes, and 100% O2 for 10 minutes. Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood O2 saturation were monitored, and bilateral middle ear pressure was recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome measure was the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function for the 50% N2O:50% O2 breathing period, which is a measure of the transmucosal N2O exchange-constant. The effects of challenge substance, session, and period on the measured vital signs and of treatment, session, ear disease history, and test ear on the pressure-time slopes were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVAs. RESULTS The post-challenge total symptom score and the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function were greater after histamine when compared to placebo challenge. Of the signs, only heart rate was affected, responding to challenge substance and study period. CONCLUSION The transmucosal N2O exchange rate for the middle ear is increased during inflammation caused by nasal histamine exposure.
Integral formulas for supersonic reconstruction of the acoustic field

The supersonic acoustic intensity is a technique utilized to locate radiating sound regions on a complex vibrating structure. This technology is based on the accurate identification of the supersonic components (or stability regions) of the acoustic field. The identification of these supersonic components is well understood for separable geometries, but unfortunately, there are few results for arbitrarily shaped objects. This work proposes a methodology that efficiently identifies the supersonic components from acoustic pressure measurements. The methodology is based on the spectral decomposition of the power operator that yields a non-negative intensity expression. We will demonstrate using numerical data that the resultant non-negative intensity matches the supersonic intensity.
DEM Extensions: Higher-Fidelity Laser Modeling

This chapter develops a computational model and corresponding solution algorithm for the rapid simulation of the laser processing and targeted localized heating of materials composed of discrete particles that are packed together, which goes beyond a simple Beer–Lambert representation. Such materials possess a complex microstructure which contains gaps and interfaces.
National reproduction in national claims: A case study of discursive power in an adult English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom setting

Abstract While the language education scholarship has embraced transnational perspectives, classroom discourse at the practitioner level arguably remains locked within a national paradigm. This study serves to bridge this disconnect between academic and folk perspectives on nationalism by developing an empirical account of how adult participants in a single ESL (English as a Second Language) classroom determine the legitimacy of national claims during instructional talk. Grounded in theories of discursive nationalism, a coding analysis of primary (e.g., classroom discourse) and secondary (e.g., group discussions, interviews, observations, and member checks) data sets identifies the discursive components by which participants collectively (de)legitimize claims about nations. This systematic account can guide transformative discussions of how to reconfigure language classroom discourse according to a transnational framework that empowers learner cultural and linguistic practices.
Carboxypeptidase B2 and carboxypeptidase N in the crosstalk between coagulation, thrombosis, inflammation, and innate immunity

Two basic carboxypeptidases, carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN) are present in plasma. CPN is constitutively active, whereas CPB2 circulates as a precursor, procarboxypeptidase B2 (proCPB2), that needs to be activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex or plasmin bound to glycosaminoglycans. The substrate specificities of CPB2 and CPN are similar; they both remove C-terminal basic amino acids from bioactive peptides and proteins, thereby inactivating them. The complement cascade is a cascade of proteases and cofactors activated by pathogens or dead cells, divided into two phases, with the second phase only being triggered if sufficient C3b is present. Complement activation generates anaphylatoxins: C3a, which stimulates macrophages; and C5a, which is an activator and attractant for neutrophils. Pharmacological intervention with inhibitors has shown that CPB2 delays fibrinolysis, whereas CPN is responsible for systemic inactivation of C3a and C5a. Among mice genetically deficient in either CPB2 or CPN, in a model of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Cpb2-/- mice had the worst disease, followed by Cpn-/- mice, with wild-type (WT) mice being the most protected. This model is driven by C5a, and shows that CPB2 is important in inactivating C5a. In contrast, when mice were challenged acutely with cobra venom factor, the reverse phenotype was observed; Cpn-/- mice had markedly worse disease than Cpb2-/- mice, and WT mice were resistant. These observations need to be confirmed in humans. Therefore, CPB2 and CPN have different roles. CPN inactivates C3a and C5a generated spontaneously, whereas proCPB2 is activated at specific sites, where it inactivates bioactive peptides that would overwhelm CPN.
Anatomical basis for a technique of ulnar nerve transposition

There are five major anatomical locations where the ulnar nerve may be compressed near the elbow. Multiple sites of compression are often noted clinically; in other cases, the site of compression is difficult to identify. Clinical experience and results of a series of 20 anatomical dissections suggest that local decompression or subcutaneous transfer may be performed without necessarily exposing all five locations, posing a risk of incomplete decompression. Submuscular transfer of the ulnar nerve decompresses all five locations simultaneously and thus theoretically may be more reliable. The potentially superior results predicted by this anatomical investigation have been confirmed in a clinical case review. Submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is reliable and safe, not only in the primary treatment of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow but also in revision of previous operations.
Model Structure Analysis in NEURON

Sometimes working on a solution for one problem seems to create a new problem, or at least reveals a problem that was waiting to be uncovered. Such was the case with the availability of computational models in neuroscience. For many years, a common lament among computational neuroscientists was the difficulty of obtaining the source code used in published models. This constituted a serious barrier to a key element of scientific method: reproducibility. We and our collaborators have been addressing this problem by developing ModelDB, a WWW-accessible resource designed to serve as a mechanism for attributed reuse of published models (1, 2). While it is still very much a neuroinformatics research project, ModelDB is already seeing heavy use by modelers from labs around the world. In the short time since its inception, it has grown to more than 180 entries, most of which are executable. However, the presence of a large number of runnable, published models in ModelDB brought to light a problem that seems obvious in retrospect: even when source code is available, it can be hard to determine exactly what biological properties are represented in a model. Source code is generally hard to read and understand, because model developers tend to have their own individual programming styles, and generally do not place a high priority on presentation when writing code. Furthermore, programs are often organized in such a way that parameters are assigned values at run time that differ from what was specified at the top of the code. Since most of the entries in ModelDB were written for the NEURON simulation environment (3, 4), we decided to make it easier to deal with the problem of understandability by adding a tool to NEURON that analyzes a model and presents a concise, yet complete, graphical and textual summary of its anatomical and biophysical properties. This tool, which is called ModelView, is part of NEURON’s graphical user interface, and in this paper we describe its main features and present an example of its use by analyzing one of the entries in ModelDB.
Thyroid Hormone and Transcriptional Regulation in the CNS

Thyroid hormone (TH) is important in both the development and adult function of the CNS. In human development, lack of iodine or congenital abnormalities in TH production or action are known causes of mental retardation. TH action involves secretion of TH, uptake of TH by target tissues, activation or inactivation of TH by deiodinase enzymes, binding of TH to nuclear receptors that act as ligand-regulated transcription factors, and regulation of expression of target genes. Several actions of TH in the CNS are discussed: regulation of glucose utilization, synaptic activity, and oligodendrocyte differentiation; axonal and dendritic outgrowth; and differentiation of the retina and auditory system.
Advance Care Planning Experiences and Preferences among People with Cystic Fibrosis.

Abstract Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet guidance for optimal implementation is lacking. Objective: To assess ACP-related thoughts, ...
Assessment of Carrier Lifetimes and Surface Recombination Velocity through Spectral Measurements

Charge carrier lifetimes and surface recombination velocities were measured on photovoltaic-grade silicon wafers using a spectral-dependent method. Narrow bandwidth light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to generate excess charge carriers inside the material. The effective lifetimes were accurately measured and then analyzed in conjunction with an analytical model relating the bulk lifetime and surface recombination velocity with effective lifetime and excitation wavelength. The agreement between the model and the measured data validates the ability to ascertain information about the bulk lifetime and surface recombination velocity through these measurements. The limitations of the model are also discussed in detail.
SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS AND THRESHOLD ENERGIES FOR THE UNIMOLECULAR ELIMINATION OF HCL (DCL) AND HF (DF) FROM CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED CFCL2CH3 AND CFCL2CD3

Combination of CFCl2 and methyl-d0 and -d3 radicals form CFCl2CH3-d0 and -d3 with 100 and 101 kcal/mol of internal energy, respectively. An upper limit for the rate constant ratio of disproportionation to combination, kd/kc, for Cl transfer is 0.07 ± 0.03 for collision of two CFCl2 radicals and 0.015 ± 0.005 for CH3 and CFCl2 radicals. The chemically activated CFCl2CH3 undergoes 1,2-dehydrochlorination and 1,2-dehydrofluorination with rate constants of 3.9 × 109 and 4.9 × 107 s-1, respectively. For CFCl2CD3 the rate constants are 8.7 × 108 s-1 for loss of DCl and 1.1 × 107 s-1 for DF. The kinetic isotope effect is 4.4 ± 0.9 for HCl/DCl and appears to be identical for HF/DF. Threshold energies are 54 kcal/mol for loss of HCl and 68 kcal/mol for HF; the E0's for the deuterated channels are 1.4 kcal/mol higher. Comparison of these threshold energies with other haloethanes suggests that for HF and HCl elimination the transition states are developing charges of different signs on the carbon containing the depa...
Spin Glasses: Old and New Complexity

Spin glasses are disordered magnetic systems that exhibit a variety of properties that are characteristic of “complex systems”. After a brief review of the systems themselves, I will discuss how spin glass concepts have found use in and, in some cases, further advanced areas such as computer science, biology, and other fields: what one might term “old complexity”. I will then turn to a discussion of more recent concepts and ideas that have flowed from studies of spin glasses, and using these introduce a proposal for a kind of “new complexity”.
9 – Further Applications of the Definite Integral

In this chapter we continue the discussion of applications of the integral begun in Chapter 5. The first applications are geometric, and the last are applications in physics. After completing this chapter, you should have a sense of the great usefulness of the integral as a tool in many different branches of science.
Occurrence of both nonvolatile and semivolatile carbonaceous air particulate markers using thermal desorption-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) occurring in the atmosphere is a complex mix of organic species that originate from many sources due to long range transport. Many anthropogenic and biogenic sources have unique chemical components that enable their use as atmospheric markers of emissions. Application of thermal desorption–pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-Pyr-GC-MS) enabled the characterization of both semivolatile and nonvolatile atmospheric markers in PM, both of which are difficult to characterize using traditional TD or solvent extraction alone. The nonvolatile organic PM fraction was found to be significant based on thermal optical analysis (TOA) quantification, with 73–87% of organic carbon (OC) evolving at temperatures above 400 °C (i.e., Pyr). The semivolatile organic carbon (SVOC) fraction (i.e., TD) of PM featured distinct profiles of alkanes, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters and 2-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mostly associated with biogenic origin. By contrast, in the Pyr fractions of carbonaceous PM, highly abundant homologous series of n-alkenes, n-alkylbenzenes, PAHs, n-alkanes, and substituted phenols were identified. The occurrence of these compounds is conveyed through newly developed pyrolytic indicators reflecting the breakdown of biogenic sources, e.g., plant lipids, although certain sampling periods showed a contribution of anthropogenic origin. These previously unresolved biogenic and anthropogenic Pyr profiles provide a more representative characterization of atmospheric PM that can help in identifying emission sources.
Implications of State Scope-of-Practice Regulations for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Nurse Practitioner Roles.

Nurse practitioner (NP) advocacy efforts often focus on attaining full practice authority. While the effects of full practice authority in primary care are well described, implications for hospital...
Conversion of a Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation Facility into a Satellite Hospital in Response to a COVID-19 Surge

ABSTRACT Background New York City was among the earliest and hardest hit areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the peak of the surge in April 2020, a makeshift hospital was opened to address the growing need of overflow beds in Brooklyn, NY. A rehabilitation center was converted into a satellite hospital with a capacity of up to 425 patient beds in 10 days. Design-build Approach Our institution worked in coordination with larger hospital systems and state and local governments, which allowed for a rapid lease of an underutilized structure, influx of supplies, and personnel. Hospital staff was voluntarily redeployed from their assigned services based on reduced need. Outcomes A total of 204 COVID-19 patients were accepted for transfer to the facility between April 6, 2020 and May 11, 2020. There were no major adverse outcomes and no deaths at the facility. Lessons Learned When a surge of patients is projected to outnumber the available beds in a hospital, such as during a pandemic, it may become necessary to establish a satellite facility. Creativity with existing spaces, health care infrastructure, and reallocation of available resources, as well as having all stakeholders on board, is imperative. Providing mandatory emergency planning and response trainings to hospital staff and leadership can improve preparedness. By leaning on revised protocols established at the satellite facility during the initial surge, the hospital was able to lease and convert another nursing facility and make it patient-ready in less than one week during the second surge of COVID-19 patients.
Protecting Children from the Consequences of Divorce: An Empirically Derived Approach

Summary The procedures for the Divorce Adjustment Project, a prevention program for children of divorce, are based on three processes: the psychological problems common to many children, aspects of the divorce which hamper child adjustment, and program evaluation data spanning ten years of operation. This fourteen session program consists of two elements: the Children's Support Group and the Kidsbook. The cognitive-behavioral CSGs teach communication, impulse control, decision making, and anger control skills. The Special Topics work to enhance children's self-esteem and provide emotionalsupport and assist children in understanding the divorce events. The Kidsbook assists children in applying the skills learned in the groups to the home, classroom and playground and to foster a productive parental involvement. Practical issues dictating the structure of the program include recruitment, program goals, and the fit between participant characteristics and program elements.
Place and exclusion in New York City’s Jamaica Bay

New York City’s Jamaica Bay estuary, part of the National Park Service’s Gateway National Recreation Area, sits along the outer edge of the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. Along the shores of Jamaica Bay, many residents have developed strong attachments to their neighborhoods, in large part because of the Bay’s folklore as a fishing and tourist spot. Several families of German, Irish, and Italian heritage claim generational attachments to the Bay, while more recent newcomers stake their claim to the Bay through their hard work in New York City’s blue-collar workforce and their wise investment in private property. Although these place attachments have been important for cultivating residents’ relationships to nature along the Bay, the idea of “place” often rests, either intentionally or not, on the exclusion of “others.” Racial tensions and sentiments are largely rooted in the fear that “outsiders” might destroy the character and benefits of “their place.” Although residential segregation is no longer a legitimate means for excluding others, local residents and government officials have mobilized National Park Service land management policies in such a way as to reinforce a sense of belonging, or exclusion, along Jamaica Bay. In so doing, local residents reinforce the relationship bewteen otherness and pollution and create a sense that certain groups, particularly Hindu practitioners, do not belong in “their place.” The exclusionary potential of place, coupled with the legacy of residential segregation and urban infrastructure development, has meant that local residents are able to maintain their access to the waters of Jamaica Bay by erecting and enforcing social distance. Even those residents and visitors not actively engaged in exclusion still benefit, as fewer people feel welcomed to exploring the “National Park experience” at Gateway.
Awards of Costs in Bankruptcy Court

As is true for other civil litigation, bankruptcy judges must implement both statutes and rules that provide for an award of costs to a party prevailing in such litigation. Unfortunately, perhaps because an award of costs (as contrasted with awards of attorneys' fees and expenses or compensation to other professionals in a bankruptcy case) seems so mechanical and intellectually unchallenging, little attention has been given to the standards for such awards, their content, and their procedural requirements. In this article I look at awards of costs in bankruptcy courts, focusing on the bases for such awards, the discretion conferred on bankruptcy judges to award costs or deny them, what "costs" may or may not be awarded, and what procedural steps a litigant must pursue to secure such an award.
Depletion of intercalated cells from collecting ducts of carbonic anhydrase II-deficient (CAR2 null) mice

The kidneys of mice (CAR2-null mice) that are genetically devoid of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII) were screened by immunocytochemistry with antibodies that distinguish intercalated and principa...