cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Floral ontogeny in legume genera Petalostylis, Labichea, and Dialium (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction.

Floral ontogeny of taxa of two subtribes (Labicheinae, Dialiinae) of caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae, characterized by reduced number of floral organs, was compared. All three taxa studied are distichous; Petalostylis labicheoides flowers are solitary in leaf axils, Labichea lanceolata has few-flowered racemes, and Dialium guineense has numerous-flowered cymes. The first sepal primordium in each is initiated abaxially and nonmedianly. Order of organogenesis in Petalostylis is: five sepals bidirectionally, five petals and carpel simultaneously, then five stamens bidirectionally, starting abaxially. The order in Labichea is: five sepals helically (one lagging in time), five petals unidirectionally starting abaxially, the carpel and petals concurrently, then two stamens successively, starting laterally. Order in Dialium is: five sepals bidirectionally, the single petal adaxially, and lastly the carpel and two stamens concurrently. Specializations include (1) reduction of the five sepals to four by fusion in Petalostylis and Labichea; (2) reduction of petal number to one in Dialium; (3) reduction of stamen number to two in Labichea and Dialium, and reduction of functional stamens to three in Petalostylis; and (4) an elaborate, late-developing style in Petalostylis. Floral asymmetry, another specialization, characterizes Labichea, expressed by dissimilar stamens, while the other genera have zygomorphic flowers. Floral ontogenies are compared with other taxa of Cassieae. The stimulus for the present work was the conclusion, in a cladistic analysis of caesalpinioid taxa based on floral developmental and morphological characters (Tucker and Douglas, 1994), that caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae does not appear to be monophyletic. Two distinct components include: a monophyletic subtribe Cassiinae (Cassia sensu stricto, Chamaecrista, and Senna; studied in Tucker, 1996a), and Ceratonia and Dialium, forming a grade near the base of the legumes. Consequently, I wanted to explore and compare other taxa of Cassieae in more detail, to determine trends of specialization in the tribe and to identify divergent pathways of floral development. Floral development in Ceratonia (Tucker, 1992), the only genus of subtribe Ceratoniinae, and in representative taxa of the Cassiinae (Tucker, 1996a) had been studied. In a recent symposium volume (Tucker, 1996b), the poricidal stamens common in Cassieae were described. In the present paper, floral development of the Australian genera Petalostylis and Labichea, comprising subtribe Labicheinae of caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae, and of African and South American species of Dialium in subtribe Dialiinae, are compared. This work permits struc
Subtalar joint stability Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament function studied in cadaver specimens

We used 6 fresh-frozen foot specimens to evaluate the contribution of the talocalcaneal interosseous ligament (IOL) in stabilizing the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint. The tibia and ankle joint were...
Radar motion sensing for accurate tumor tracking in radiation therapy

Tumor tracking is important for radiotherapy treatment of lung cancer to deliver sufficient radiation dose without damaging the surrounding healthy lung tissue and causing severe side effects such as pneumonitis. However, conventional tumor tracking methods are either invasive to the patients or do not have sufficient accuracy. Radar physiological motion sensing provides a noninvasive and yet accurate way to track tumor during radiotherapy. The detection theory, system setup, and experiments are discussed in this paper. A tumor tracking algorithm that extracts accurate tumor position information from radar measurement result is also presented.
Further evidence of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory’s validity problems: A meta-analytic investigation—Response to Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue)

Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue) present evidence that Rosenthal and Hooley’s (2010) concerns regarding the Narcissistic Personality Inventory’s (NPI) relation to psychological health may be unwarranted. To resolve this issue empirically, we conducted a meta-analysis (k = 54, N = 38,932). Meta-analytic results revealed that a subset of NPI items were indeed problematic; items that function poorly at differentiating narcissists from non-narcissists accounted entirely for the NPI’s connection to psychological health. These items were also strongly associated with self-esteem, but unrelated to aggression/ anger. In contrast, the remaining NPI items were unrelated to psychological health, but associated with aggression/anger. We conclude that although the NPI measures narcissism, its poorest functioning items also link it to outcomes unrelated to narcissism.
Odessa: enabling interactive perception applications on mobile devices

Resource constrained mobile devices need to leverage computation on nearby servers to run responsive applications that recognize objects, people, or gestures from real-time video. The two key questions that impact performance are what computation to offload, and how to structure the parallelism across the mobile device and server. To answer these questions, we develop and evaluate three interactive perceptual applications. We find that offloading and parallelism choices should be dynamic, even for a given application, as performance depends on scene complexity as well as environmental factors such as the network and device capabilities. To this end we develop Odessa, a novel, lightweight, runtime that automatically and adaptively makes offloading and parallelism decisions for mobile interactive perception applications. Our evaluation shows that the incremental greedy strategy of Odessa converges to an operating point that is close to an ideal offline partitioning. It provides more than a 3x improvement in application performance over partitioning suggested by domain experts. Odessa works well across a variety of execution environments, and is agile to changes in the network, device and application inputs.
Stereoscopic vision system

In this investigation, an optical system is introduced for inspecting the interiors of confined spaces, such as the walls of containers, cavities, reservoirs, fuel tanks, pipelines, and the gastrointestinal tract. The optical system wirelessly transmits stereoscopic video to a computer that displays the video in realtime on the screen, where it is viewed with shutter glasses. To minimize space requirements, the videos from the two cameras (required to produce stereoscopic images) are multiplexed into a single stream for transmission. The video is demultiplexed inside the computer, corrected for fisheye distortion and lens misalignment, and cropped to the proper size. Algorithms are developed that enable the system to perform these tasks. A proof-of-concept device is constructed that demonstrates the operation and the practicality of the optical system. Using this device, tests are performed assessing validities of the concepts and the algorithms.
Myositis (Fasciitis) Ossificans in an Infant

Myositis (fasciitis) ossificans developed following minor trauma to the soft tissues of the posterior aspect of the right knee of a 5-month-old female infant. The clinical and pathological features of myositis ossificans are reviewed and the differential diagnosis of soft tissue ossification in early childhood is discussed.
Correlation of Penicillin Binding Protein 2a Detection with Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Discovery of a Novel Penicillin Binding Protein 2a Mutation

We compared a rapid slide latex agglutination test (LAT; Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) that detects penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) with MicroScan conventional panels (Dade Behring, West Sacramento, CA) for detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The PBP2a LAT demonstrated 99% agreement with MicroScan oxacillin MIC results for 388 isolates of S. aureus. All 249 oxacillin-resistant isolates gave strong positive reactions in the LAT (100% sensitivity). Three of the 139 oxacillin-susceptible isolates were also strongly positive and one was weakly positive in the LAT (97.1% specificity). The three oxacillin-susceptible isolates with strongly positive reactions were further characterized. The mecA gene was detected in all three by PCR; one isolate was determined to be resistant to oxacillin by reference broth microdilution testing (MIC, 8 μg/ml), one isolate was inducibly resistant to oxacillin (MIC of 16 μg/ml after overnight induction), and one isolate remained susceptible regardless of the method used for testing. Sequence analysis of a 2.1-kb gene fragment of the mecA gene from the susceptible isolate revealed a one-base substitution at nucleotide position 1449 which results in a Met-to-Ile change for amino acid residue 483. This amino acid substitution has not been previously reported and may be associated with a change in the function of PBP2a resulting in oxacillin susceptibility. An additional 487 isolates were tested in parallel with the both the LAT and MicroScan panels using criteria in which only strong (3 to 4+) or repeatedly weak (1 to 2+) LAT reactions were considered positive, and the results showed 99.4% agreement. The PBP2a LAT provided rapid and reliable detection of oxacillin resistance and proved a useful adjunct to the phenotypic method. Both methods provided reliable detection of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus and facilitated the discovery of a novel, functionally impaired form of PBP2a.
Fast Solutions for the Fiber Orientation of Concentrated Suspensions of Short-Fiber Composites Using the Exact Closure Method

The kinetics of the fiber orientation during processing of shortfiber composites governs both the processing characteristics and the cured part performance. The flow kinetics of the polymer melt dictates the fiber orientation kinetics, and in turn the underlying fiber orientation dictates the bulk flow characteristics. It is beyond computational comprehension to model the equation of motion of the full fiber orientation probability distribution function. Instead, typical industrial simulations rely on the computationally efficient equation of motion of the second-order orientation tensor (also known as the second-order moment of the orientation distribution function) to model the characteristics of the fiber orientation within a polymer suspension. Unfortunately, typical implementation forms of any order orientation tensor equation of motion requires the next higher, even ordered, orientation tensor, thus necessitating a closure of the higher order expression. The recently developed Fast Exact Closure avoids the classical closure problem by solving a set of related secondorder tensor equations of motion, and yields the exact solution for pure Jeffery’s motion as the diffusion goes to zero. Typical closures are obtained through a fitting process, and are often obtained by fitting for orientation states obtained from solutions of the full orientation distribution function, thus tying the closure to the flows from which it was fit. With the recent understandings of the limitations of the Folgar and Tucker (1984) model of fiber interactions during processing, it has become clear the importance of developing a closure that is independent of any choice of fitting data. The Fast Exact Closure presents an alternative in that it is constructed independent of any fitting process. Results demonstrate that when diffusion exists, the solution is not only physical, but solutions for flows experiencing Folgar-Tucker diffusion are shown to exhibit an equal to or greater accuracy than solutions relying on closures developed via a curve fitting approach.
Hands–On Surrealism

Images of hands abound in Surrealist art and literature. From Andre Breton's writings, including his novel Nadja, to photographs published in Surrealist books and journals, the hand appears in a variety of guises. By positioning Surrealist uses of hands against the backdrop of Walter Benjamin’s essay, ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’, the unique qualities of Surrealist imagery become apparent. In Surrealist photographs by Man Ray and Maurice Tabard and books and articles by Breton and Georges Hugnet, hands figure as weird, magical, uncanny objects, as texts to be read to unlock the secrets of the psyche, as connectors between our modern world and our primitive past, and also as symbols of art and signs for art-making in an age of Surrealist mechanical reproduction.
A DIAGRAM FOR INTERPRETATION OF ACID-BASE CHANGES IN 'HYPERCAPNIA DUE TO PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY

(Received for publication May 17, l%5) In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the processes in the body behind the acid-base disturbances observed during hypercapnia. Brackett, Cohen & Schwartz (1965) have shown the effect of increasing degrees of acute hypercapnia in normal man. Refsum has shown the usual or normal” acid-base balance at increasing degrees of chronic hypercapnia in patients with pulmonary insufficiency, after achievement of probably maximal renal compensation, but uncomplicated by major metabolic acid-base disturbances (Refsum 1960, 1964, 1965), and has studied the acid-base changes during recovery from chronic hypercapnia in the same type of patients (Refsum 1961, 1962, 1965). Robin (1963) has demonstrated the frequent occurrence of superimposed metabolic alkalosis in chronic hypercapnia, and Kassirer, Berkman, Lawrenz & Schwartz (1965) have emphasized the critical role of chloride in correction of post-hypercapneic
Modeling of piezoelectric multilayer ceramics using finite element analysis

For medical ultrasound imaging, 2-D array transducers have greater versatility than linear arrays. Unfortunately, the tiny array elements in a 2-D array have poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We have previously shown that SNR is increased in 2-D array transducers made from piezoelectric multilayer ceramics. Conventional one-dimensional models provide accurate results when comparing multilayer ceramic performance relative to single layer transducers. However, these models are not accurate when comparing simulations directly to measurements. Because multilayer ceramics have a complex structure, a 3-D model, such as finite element analysis, is needed for accurate simulations. We modeled four arrays that were previously fabricated: a single layer and multilayer 1 MHz, 2-D array element, and a single layer and multilayer 2.25 MHz, 1.5-D array element that can focus and steer in azimuth but only steer in the elevation dimension. We compared the simulated and measured impedance plots for each transducer. The finite element analysis plots accurately predicted the impedance for each vibration mode. On the other hand, the one dimensional KLM transmission line model could simulate only the thickness mode vibrations and the results were inaccurate compared to measurements. We also simulated the transmit output pressure for the 2.25 MHz arrays and compared the results to measurements. The simulated pressure vs. time plots and their spectra were accurate when compared to measurements. Finally, we obtained a series of images that show the impulse response vibrations for the 2.25 MHz, arrays. These animations show the vibration modes in the complex multilayer ceramic structure. Measurements were not available to confirm the animations. Our results show that finite element analysis in three dimensions is a valuable tool to predict the performance of multi-layer transducers.
Structure and dynamics of nucleosomal DNA.

The last five years have seen exciting advances in our understanding of the structure of the nucleosome core particle, the basic repeating unit in all eukaryotic chromatin. A picture emerges in which nucleosomal DNA, while distorted and compacted fivefold by tight interactions with the histone octamer core, is at the same time highly dynamic and adaptable. Here, we summarize the salient features from recent structural studies of nucleosome core particles (both published and unpublished) that concern the structure and dynamics of nucleosomal DNA, and the nature of protein-DNA interactions. Current mechanisms for chromatin remodeling and nucleosome sliding are discussed in light of new structural evidence. Finally, techniques to study nucleosome stability and ultimately dynamics are introduced.
Laboratory Self-Inspection: Using a Checklist for Safety and Health Audits

Objective: To help readers gain an understanding of the laboratory professional’s role in the safety and health self-inspection process, the contents of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)’s Laboratory Safety Guidance document, the purpose of selfinspection, and essential design elements that should be included in a safety checklist. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 gives laboratory workers the legal right to a safe workplace. Quality assessment (QA) is a requirement for clinical laboratories under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) for evaluating all facets of the laboratory’s technical and nontechnical operations. Most clinical laboratory accreditation programs include safety as part of QA and promote the use of checklists. An effective self-inspection program engages laboratory staff to participate in the QA process with an easy-to-use, concise checklist. This list is used to verify whether safety equipment, standards, and practices required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), other applicable regulatory agencies, and institutional policies are available and observed to be in use in the workplace. I present herein a report about a laboratory self-inspection program for a university-based biomedical research laboratory; this program can easily be adapted for use in a clinical laboratory.
Arthroscopic Restoration of Terminal Elbow Extension in High-Level Athletes:

BackgroundAlthough most people can lead near-normal lives with a limited but functional arc of elbow motion, athletes may find loss of terminal extension severely impairing.HypothesisArthroscopic contracture release is effective in restoring full elbow extension in athletes whose loss of terminal extension impairs their intensities and/or levels of performance in sport.Study designCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsBetween 1997 and 2007, 24 athletes (26 elbows; mean age, 38 years [range, 12-58]) whose chief complaint was limited elbow extension (≤35°) underwent arthroscopic release of contractures (average follow-up, 33 months [range, 12-88]). All the patients were classified according to a sport-specific scoring system using the subjective patient outcome for return to sports score and the summary outcome determination score.ResultsAll 26 elbows improved subjectively and objectively with surgery. Of the 26 elbows, 25 were rated by the patients as normal (n = 15) or near-normal (n = 10) at final fol...
Dedekind sums and Hecke operators

By considering the action of the Hecke operators on the logarithm of the Dedekind eta function together with the modular transformation formula for this function, Knopp (8) proved an extension of an identity of Dedekind for the classical Dedekind sums first mentioned by H. Petersson. By looking at the action of the Hecke operators on certain Lambert series studied by Apostol(l) together with the transformation formulae for these series, Parson and Rosen (9) established an analogous identity for a type of generalized Dedekind sum. A special case of this identity was initially proved by Carlitz(6). In this note an elementary proof of these identities is given. The Hecke operators are applied directly to the Dedekind sums without invoking the transformation formulae for the logarithm of the eta function or for the Lambert series. (Recently, L. Goldberg has given another elementary proof of Knopp's identity.)
Share Equilibrium in Local Public Good Economies

Abstract We define a concept of share equilibrium for local public good (or club) economies where individual members of the population may have preferences over the membership of their jurisdiction. A share equilibrium specifies one share index for each individual. These indices determine each individual’s cost shares in any jurisdiction that he might join. We demonstrate that the same axioms as those that characterize the Lindahl equilibrium, as discussed in Lindahl’s 1919 paper, also characterize the share equilibrium. Share equilibrium extends the notions of ratio equilibrium and cost share equilibrium (due to Kaneko, 1977 , Mas-Colell and Silvestre, 1989 ) to economies with a local public good and possibly multiple jurisdictions.
Racial Differences in the Use and Outcome of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Results From the National Cancer Data Base

PurposeTo explore racial differences in the use and outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify women with stage 1 to 3 breast cancer diagnosed in 2010 and 2011. Chemotherapy use and rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) was determined for various racial/ethnic groups.ResultsOf 278,815 patients with known race and ethnicity, 127,417 (46%) received chemotherapy, and of 121,446 where the timing of chemotherapy was known, 27,300 (23%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in particular, was given more frequently to black, Hispanic, and Asian women than to white women (P < 0.001). This difference was largely explained by more advanced stage, higher grade tumors, and a greater proportion of triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive tumors in these women. Of 17,970 patients with known outcome, 5,944 (33%) had a pCR. No differences in response rate for estrogen re...
An Unusual Presentation of Bilateral Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome

popliteal artery with medial displacement suggestive of PAES. The patient was taken to the operating room for right popliteal artery exploration via posterior approach. A type III PAES was identified intraoperatively (Fig). The accessory slip of muscle from the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle was divided. A balloon thromboembolectomy was performed through a longitudinal arteriotomy and the artery was patched with bovine pericardium. Results: Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was neurologically intact with normal pedal pulses. She was seen by obstetrics and underwent fetal heart rate monitoring. She was started on 81-mg aspirin daily and was discharged home on postoperative day 4. She was seen in follow-up by vascular surgery and in consultation with maternal fetal medicine because she was previously cared for by nurse midwives. Conclusions: Nonatheromatous popliteal artery pathology should be considered in young active patients who present with intermittent claudication or acute limb ischemia. The pregnant woman warrants a discussion of safe imaging modalities to establish a diagnosis and anesthesia considerations for surgical repair. Although we know strenuous exercise predisposes patients to symptomatic PAES, pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state and may be an independent risk factor.
Sources of Advocacy: When Does the Media Give Voice to Egyptian Advocacy NGOs?

We use quantitative text analysis methods to examine how a subset of advocacy NGOs were used as sources by Egyptian English-language media publications in the months following the 2011 uprising. Using a combination of manual classification and fully automated computational topic modeling, we reveal descriptive insights into patterns of sourcing by both state-owned and independent Egyptian media outlets. We find that NGOs are used as sources sparingly in comparison to overall journalistic output, but that the reporting that referenced these NGOs was not necessarily superficial or shallow. There is evidence that state-run media tends to be more superficial in its use of NGOs as sources while independent media are more likely to identify specific individuals and use direct quotes and paraphrases.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Human Papilloma Virus Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening.

Abstract Objectives: Women in safety-net institutions are less likely to receive cervical cancer screening. Human papilloma virus (HPV) self-sampling is an alternative method of cervical cancer screening. We examine the acceptability and feasibility of HPV self-sampling among patients and clinic staff in two safety-net clinics in Miami. Materials and Methods: Haitian and Latina women aged 30–65 years with no Pap smear in the past 3 years were recruited. Women were offered HPV self-sampling or traditional Pap smear screening. The acceptability of HPV self-sampling among patients and clinic staff was assessed. If traditional screening was preferred the medical record was reviewed. Results: A total of 180 women were recruited (134 Latinas and 46 Haitian). HPV self-sampling was selected by 67% women. Among those selecting traditional screening, 22% were not screened 5 months postrecruitment. Over 80% of women agreed HPV self-sampling was faster, more private, easy to use, and would prefer to use again. Among ...
Neural Ensembles in Taste Coding

Making use of data from taste and other sensory systems, as well as basic theoretical neuroscience principals, we discuss an issue orthogonal to the classic labeled-line versus distributed-pattern debate – the role of interactive networks in gustatory neural processing. We present data demonstrating that such interactions occur and that they imbue taste-related activity with temporal structure and context specificity. We suggest that, in light of these data, neural taste responses are best described, not in terms of spatial codes, but rather in terms of the processes involved in transforming sensory input into action.
A Multidimensional Reappraisal of Language in Autism: Insights from a Discourse Analytic Study.

In this article, we leverage theoretical insights and methodological guidelines of discourse analytic scholarship to re-examine language phenomena typically associated with autism. Through empirical analysis of the verbal behavior of three children with autism, we engage the question of how prototypical features of autistic language—notably pronoun atypicality, pragmatic deficit, and echolalia—might conceal competencies and interactional processes that are largely invisible in mainstream research. Our findings offer a complex picture of children with autism in their use of language to communicate, interact and experience others. Such a picture also deepens our understanding of the interactional underpinnings of autistic children’s speech. Finally, we describe how our findings offer fruitful suggestions for clinical intervention.
Study of Modulation in GaAs Misfets with LT-GaAs as a Gate Insulator

DC characteristics of a GaAs MISFET structure using low-temperature GaAs (LTGaAs) as the gate insulator were investigated. MISFETs with different gate to channel separation (d) were fabricated. The dependence of four important device parameters such as gate-drain breakdown voltage (VBR), channel current at zero gate bias (Idss), transconductance (gm), and gate-drain turn-on voltage (Von) on the gate insulator thickness were analyzed. It was observed that (a) in terms of Idss and gin, the LT-GaAs gate insulator behaves like an undoped regular GaAs layer and (b) in terms of VBR and Von, the LT-GaAs gate insulator behaves as a trap dominated layer.
Knowing, experiencing, and reporting: Social memory and participant roles in a Tibetan woman's oral history

Abstract This article argues for attention to the formation of social memory in interactive contexts, by analyzing a Tibetan oral history interview. In the course of the interview, an English-speaking interviewer and a Tibetan-speaking interviewee communicate through a translator, the interviewee's daughter. By joining analyses of genre, participant roles, the use of the grammatical markings known as evidentiality, ergativity, and egophoricity in Tibetan, and their subsequent translation into English, I look to multiple structures shaping the interactive context. This analysis reveals a generational difference in participants' shaping of narrative, and tensions among participants in the effort to align remembered events with ideologies that construct interviewees as eyewitnesses to political history.
A Model of Mesoscopic Aggregation Structure in Non-Crystal Silicates and Its Parameters

The non-crystal silicates is special system that is metastable state of near-way order and far-way disorder.In this work,the network fractal dimension,pore fractal dimension,network self-similarity proportion,radius of gyration,pore volume percent,aggregation size and pore size(seven parameters) in the low dimension series(CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 series) synthesizing via high temperature melting and sol gel methods have been studied and measured by means of fractal dimension theory,small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),Raman spectrum(RS)and transition electron microscopy(TEM).The nanometer self-similarity aggregation structure in the low temperature silicate gel,high temperature silicate melts(simulating magma melts)and its quenching glasses have been discovered.The size of aggregation structure is about a few nanometers to dozens of nanometers.Further more the mesoscopic aggregation structure model is established.The relationship between the parameters of the structure model and macro-characteristics in low-dimension silicates is showed.This model provide a set quantitative parameters of the aggregation structure(in nanometer size) for non-crystal silicate.It is concluded that the magma melts is an evolutive fractal dimension system.Therefore,it is of great significance for deliberating geochemistry characteristic of natural magma and enhancing performance of low dimension silicate materials.
An Asymptotically Stable Pressure Observer Based on Load and Displacement Sensing for Pneumatic Actuators With Long Transmission Lines

Pneumatic systems have regained popularity in robotics with the new advances in the electronic valves that have enabled precise position control of pneumatic cylinders. Recently, the use of pneumatic systems has been extended to force and impedance control. Such new applications include teleoperated medical robotic systems with pneumatic transmission lines where more advanced system modeling and control is required. Pressures of a pneumatic actuator are commonly used to improve control performance. When direct pressure measurement is not available or not desirable for cost-effective implementation, actuator pressures can be estimated by a model-based observer. This paper introduces a nonlinear pressure observer based on force and displacement sensing. The proposed algorithm allows for asymptotic stability of pressure estimation error with an improved convergence. The presented method does not require a transmission line model and guarantees bounded stability in the presence of disturbance in force measurements, hence it is able to provide a robust pressure estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed observer is confirmed by performing force control experiments in a teleoperated pneumatic system.
Neuronal apoptosis--ISN satellite symposium. 5-7 August 1999, Tübingen, Germany.

This satellite meeting of the International Society of Neurochemistry was attended by over 100 investigators and was organized by Jorg Schulz and Pierluigi Nicotera (Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Universitat Tubingen). The symposium brought together leaders from various aspects of the field of cell death with the goal of understanding how neurons die in degenerative conditions. Rapid growth in this area has led to greater biological, pathological and therapeutic understanding of diseases considered to be intractable.
Enlarging Skull Fractures

The diagnosis, management, and treatment of large unhealed skull fractures are reported in 10 children, aged 2 weeks to 27 months, seen at the Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC in a 4 year period.
A filtered-backprojection algorithm for astigmatic SPECT reconstruction

A filtered backprojection algorithm is presented for astigmatic collimation. The reconstruction algorithm is derived based on the image reconstruction algorithm derived by Feldkamp et al. (see J. Opt. Soc. A, vol. 1, p. 612-19, 1984) for cone beam collimation. The derived algorithm is validated based on Monte Carlo simulated data. Using the astigmatic reconstruction algorithm, the authors demonstrate the capability of astigmatic collimation to balance the trade-off among axial blurring, field-of-view, and collimator sensitivity for selecting a convergent beam collimation. Reconstructed images also demonstrate that astigmatic collimation can provide improved axial blurring with increased collimator sensitivity compared to cone beam collimation. >
Augmenting Probabilistic Risk Assessment With Malevolent Initiators

As commonly practiced, the use of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) in nuclear power plants only considers accident initiators such as natural hazards, equipment failures, and human error. Malevolent initiators are ignored in PRA, but are considered the domain of physical security, which uses vulnerability assessment based on an officially specified threat (design basis threat). This work explores the implications of augmenting and extending existing PRA models by considering new and modified scenarios resulting from malevolent initiators. Teaming the augmented PRA models with conventional vulnerability assessments can cost-effectively enhance security of a nuclear power plant. This methodology is useful for operating plants, as well as in the design of new plants. For the methodology, we have proposed an approach that builds on and extends the practice of PRA for nuclear power plants for security-related issues. Rather than only considering “random” failures, we demonstrated a framework that is able to represent and model malevolent initiating events and associated plant impacts.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Data analytics, accelerators, and supercomputing: the challenges and future of MPI

The Message Passing Interface faces new challenges as modern concepts and technologies like data analytics and accelerators penetrate high-performance computing. Here, we discuss the future of MPI with HPC expert Prof. Torsten Hoefler of ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Automotive Body Assembly Modeling for Dimensional Control Using State Spaee Models

Abstract In this paper, a state space modeling approach is developed for the dimensional control of autobody assembly processes. In this study, a 3-2-1 scheme is assumed for the sheet metal assembly. Several key concepts, such as tooling locating error, part accumulative error, re-orientation error, are defined. The inherent relationships among these error components are developed. Those relationships finally lead to a state space model which describes the variation propagation throughout the assembly processes. An observation equation is also developed to represent the relationship between observation vector (the in-line OCMM measurement information) and the state vector (the part accumulative error). Potential usage of the developed model is discussed in the paper.
Academic Duty and Academic Freedom

This symposium essay explores the 1915 AAUP General Declaration of Principles, the document that helped shape both academic freedom on college campuses across the United States and the court decisions that address those ideals. The essay argues that a return to key parts of those principles — specifically the notion of academic duty — can help subdue what appears to be anti-academic freedom rhetoric and resulting negative outcomes in court decisions today.
Layer-specific Developmental Changes in Excitation and Inhibition in Rat Primary Visual Cortex

Abstract Cortical circuits are profoundly shaped by experience during postnatal development. The consequences of altered vision during the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity have been extensively studied in rodent primary visual cortex (V1). However, little is known about how eye opening, a naturally occurring event, influences the maturation of cortical microcircuits. Here we used a combination of slice electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry in rat V1 to ask whether manipulating the time of eye opening for 3 or 7 d affects cortical excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto excitatory neurons uniformly across layers or induces laminar-specific effects. We report that binocular delayed eye opening for 3 d showed similar reductions of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in layers 2/3, 4, and 5. Synaptic transmission recovered to age-matched control levels if the delay was prolonged to 7 d, suggesting that these changes were dependent on binocular delay duration. Conversely, laminar-specific and long-lasting effects were observed if eye opening was delayed unilaterally. Our data indicate that pyramidal neurons located in different cortical laminae have distinct sensitivity to altered sensory drive; our data also strongly suggest that experience plays a fundamental role in not only the maturation of synaptic transmission, but also its coordination across cortical layers.
Analysis of Clinical Factors and Outcomes Associated with Nonuse of Collected Peripheral Blood Stem Cells for Autologous Stem Cell Transplants in Transplant-Eligible Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Collection and storage of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for use in autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) upon first disease relapse is an accepted practice for eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, little is known about the factors and outcomes associated with nonuse of these collected and stored PBSCs by MM patients who intended to have a delayed ASCT. From January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2014 we identified 342 patients who underwent collection and storage of their PBSCs in anticipation of a delayed ASCT upon first disease relapse. Among these, 176 patients (11%) had not proceeded to a delayed ASCT at the time of this study analysis. The most common reason for not undergoing an ASCT was not experiencing a relapse on first-line therapy (53%, n = 94). However, 11% of patients (n = 37) who planned for a delayed ASCT were unable to undergo an ASCT at disease relapse. Comparison with a control group of MM patients who underwent an upfront ASCT suggested a worse overall survival from diagnosis in these patients who were ASCT ineligible at disease relapse (112 versus 80 months, P = .011). This study provides valuable data for patients and care providers to take into consideration when deciding on whether to pursue an upfront or a delayed ASCT.
Sexually Assaulted Children and Their Families

Sexual assault on children is of growing interest to professional helpers. Recent research studies are reviewed here to determine what is currently known about the phenomenon. Gaps in what has been...
Comments on Divalent- Fe 5 7 m Quadrupolar Coupling Constants

The quadrupolar coupling constant for divalent ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57m}$ in FeSi${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O is recalculated and compared with that in other compounds. One finds a correlation between the isomer shift and $〈\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}〉$ parameters brought on by covalency effects.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a new concept in the etiology of disease [3]. It is defined as acute, transient coagulation occurring in the flowing blood throughout the vascular tree which may obstruct the microcirculation. It may or may not result in an accumulation of fibrin but does involve the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin. It includes the agglutination of platelets and red cells and the sticking of leukocytes.
How International Field Experiences Promote Cross-Cultural Awareness in Preservice Teachers Through Experiential Learning: Findings From a Six-Year Collective Case Study

Background/ContextThe article examines how international field experiences promote cross-cultural awareness in U.S. American preservice teachers through experiential learning. The findings presente...
Epidemiology of Hirschsprung disease in California from 1995 to 2013

This study seeks to update current epidemiology of Hirschsprung disease (HD) in California. Using data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Linked Birth (1995–2012) and Patient Discharge Databases (1995–2013), patients from either dataset with an ICD-9 diagnosis code of HD (751.3) or procedure code of Soave (48.41), Duhamel (48.65), or Swenson/other pull-through (48.49) were included. Patients > age 18 during their first admission were excluded. Of 9.3 million births, 2,464 patients were identified. Incidence was 2.2 cases/10,000 live births, with rates peaking at 2.9/10,000 births in 2002. Incidence was highest among African American (4.1/10,000) and Asian/Pacific Islander (2.5/10,000) births. Most were male (n = 1652, 67.1%). Sixty patients (2.4%) had Down syndrome. The median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks 6 days (interquartile range [IQR] 37 weeks 1 day–40 weeks 1 day). Mortality during the first year of life was 1.7%. Median age at death was 14.5 days (IQR 0–113 days). This is one of the largest population-based studies of HD. In California, the incidence of HD is stable, risk is highest among African American children, and the mortality rate is < 2%.
Money laundering and other sordid tales of academic life

I regard as axiomatic that we scholars, scientists, intellectuals, and academics need to be fed and funded. Intellectual endeavors are expensive: archives to be mined, interviews to be done, experi...
Fibrinogen Hershey IV: A Novel Dysfibrinogen with a γ V411I Mutation in the Integrin αIibβ3 Binding Site.

Abstract The C-terminal segment of the fibrinogen γ chain plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation via its interaction with the platelet receptor αIIbβ3. It is well established that the last four amino acids of the γ chain (408 to 411) are critical for this function, as mutations or deletions of this region abrogate fibrinogen's ability to bind αIIbβ3. We describe here the first naturally occurring fibrinogen mutation affecting the C-terminal region of the γ chain and investigate its effects on platelet interactions. The proband, a 49-year-old woman, was diagnosed with dysfibrinogenemia based on a prolonged thrombin time and low fibrinogen activity (55 mg/dL). Her bleeding history was significant for menorrhagia and one episode of post-operative hemorrhage. DNA sequencing of the fibrinogen genes demonstrated heterozygosity for two mutations, γ R275C and γ V411I. The latter γ V411I mutation represents a novel mutation affecting the C-terminal amino acid of the γ chain. We hypothesized that this mutation would decrease fibrinogen's affinity for the platelet receptor αIIbβ3. In order to isolate the effects of this mutation on fibrinogen-platelet binding, γ 400-411 dodecapeptides were synthesized to mimic the C-terminal γ chain sequence. One peptide contained the wild-type sequence ending in valine (γ 400-V411), and the second peptide incorporated the isoleucine mutation (γ 400-I411). Previous studies have demonstrated that the wild type γ 400-V411 dodecapeptide inhibits platelet aggregation by competing for fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3. We performed platelet aggregation studies comparing inhibition of aggregation with the wild-type γ 400-V411 and the mutant γ 400-I411 peptides. Washed platelets were obtained from a normal donor, and platelet aggregation monitored using the agonist ADP. The IC50 for the initial rate of aggregation with the γ 400-I411 peptide was 214 μM, compared to 133 μM with the wild-type peptide. We then examined the extent of aggregation in the presence of either wild-type or mutant peptide. Consistent with the previous results, total aggregation was lower with the wild-type peptide compared to the mutant peptide. The IC50 for the γ 400-I411 peptide was 450 μM compared to 250 μM with the γ 400-V411 peptide. Overall, these findings suggest that the γ I411 mutation results in a decreased ability to bind platelets. In the heterozygous state, however, the available amount of wild-type fibrinogen may be sufficient to support platelet aggregation. The bleeding diathesis observed for the proband could therefore reflect other factors, especially the γ R275C mutation.
Preschool Services for the Visually Handicapped: A National Survey.

A national study of preschool programs serving the visually handicapped was made for the purpose of compiling national lists of programs and parent groups as well as to compile programmatic informa...
Introduction: Mapping China’s Digital Gaming Culture

This chapter introduces the concept of topography as a conceptual tool for thinking about the interplay of affect and discourse in framing digital gaming culture in the popular imagination. Topography builds upon Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of texture, drawing attention to the complexity of individual agency as it operates within larger frameworks of dominant discourse and collective affect. Additionally, the introduction lays out the methodological approach of the book, which pays particular attention to the historical, cultural, and political contexts that shape popular engagement with and understanding of digital media in China. Such a complex project is accomplished through the introduction of situational analysis, a research methodology that draws insights from symbolic interactionism, multisited ethnography, and grounded theory to emphasize differences of perspective in the social/cultural production of knowledge.
THE ART BEHIND LINES, OPACITIES, ADENOPATHY & EDEMA: PULMONARY VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare cause of group I pulmonary hypertension (PH) and difficult to distinguish clinically and hemodynamically from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, we must rely on the thorax high-resolution CT (THRCT) diagnostic triad and clinical
Long-Rangeultrasound Wake-Up Receiver with a Piezoelectric Nanoscale Ultrasound Transducer (pNUT)

We report on the first implementation of a long-range wake-up receiver (WuRx) enabled by an aggressively scaled 100 nm thick aluminum nitride transducer that occupies an area of only $100\ \mu \mathrm{m}\ \times\ 100\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ . This piezoelectric Nanoscale Ultrasound Transducer (pNUT) offers the same sensitivity and characteristic impedance of its microscale counterparts but enables “dust-like” WuRx because of its dramatically reduced size. We validate this concept by synthesizing a WuRx using a pNUT and off-the-shelf electronic components forming a voltage amplifier, an envelope detector and a comparator (Fig. 1). We demonstrate robust data transfer over a range of 0.5 m when operating with a 40 kHz carrier signal modulated at 250Hz. Based on these measurements we extrapolate the device performance at resonance to show that communication over> 10m is possible without increasing the WuRx area.
Seizure as an Initial Presentation for Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a syndrome presenting with neurological manifestations including headaches, seizures, and notable changes in brain imaging. It is typically associated with an acute increase in blood pressure, metabolic abnormalities, and/or medication effects. PRES is challenging to diagnose due to its variable presentation and low incidence. Herein we describe a compelling case of PRES syndrome secondary to uncontrolled hypertension in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis.