cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safely Discharging Infants with Bronchiolitis from an Emergency Department: A Five Step Guide for Pediatricians

Recent publications have established the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) threshold of 90% for the hospitalization and discharge of infant patients with bronchiolitis. However, there is no clear recommendation regarding the Emergency Department (ED) observation period necessary before allowing safe home discharge for patients with SpO2 above 90%-92%. Our primary aims were to evaluate the risk factors associated with delayed desaturation in infants with SpO2 ≥ 92% on arrival at the ED as well as the ED observation period necessary before allowing safe home discharge. A secondary aim was to identify the risk factors for ED readmission. Of 581 episodes of bronchiolitis in patients 6KPa) were risk factors for delayed desaturation with OR varying from 1.7 to 7.5. In patients < 3 months old, mean desaturation occured later than in older patients [6.0 hours (IQR 3.0–14.0) vs. 3.0 hours (IQR 2.0–6.0), P = 0.0018]. In 95% of patients with a delayed desaturation this decrease occurred within 25 hours for patients < 3 months old and within 11 hours for patients ≥ 3 months old. In patients < 3 months old with respiratory rates above the normal range for their age the desaturation occurred earlier than in patients < 3 months with normal respiratory rates [4.4 hours (IQR 3.0–11.7) vs. 14.6 hours (IQR 7.6–22.2), P = 0.037]. Based on the present study’s results, we propose a five step guide for pediatricians on discharging children with bronchiolitis from the ED. By using the threshold of an 11 hour ED observation period for patients ≥ 3 months old and a 25 hour period for patients < 3 months old we are able to detect 95% of the patients with bronchiolitis who are at risk of delayed desaturation.
Sex Differences in Associations of Adiposity Measures and Insulin Resistance in US Hispanic/Latino Youth: The Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).

Context: US Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionally affected by the obesity and diabetes. Objective: We examined associations of adiposity measures with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia, and influences of sex and pubertal development on these associations. Design, setting and participants: Cross-sectional analysis of 1,223 8-16 year-old Hispanic/Latino youth from a community-based study in US (SOL Youth). Main Outcome Measures: IR (≥75th percentile of sex-specific HOMA-IR) and hyperglycemia (fasting glucose≥100mg/dl or HbA1c≥5.7%). Results: In boys, BMI showed the strongest association with IR (prevalence ratio [PR]=2.10 [95% CI 1.87-2.36] per SD), which was not statistically different compared to body fat percentage (%BF) (PR=2.03 [1.81-2.29]) and waist circumference (WC) (PR=1.89 [1.67-2.13]), but significantly stronger compared to fat mass index (FMI) (PR=1.79 [1.63-1.96]), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (PR=1.32 [1.21-1.44]), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (PR=1.76 [1.54-2.01]) (P for differe...
Marketing Memes: Antiquity and Modernity

This chapter argues that marketing is not a contemporary phenomenon generated by capitalism, but has a long history dating back six thousand years. It is asserted that marketing is tied to ancient and universal problems involving human interactions and networks of trust created by sellers and buyers. This leads to a discussion of the relationship that exists between marketing and modernity. A case study of marketing and medicines is offered and the role of marketing in shaping the development of new drugs is discussed.
Cosmetic Open Rhinoplasty

Reduction rhinoplasty is the most common type of rhinoplasty performed in the western world. This chapter presents the techniques and steps in detail performed by the senior author for a teenage girl who is troubled by her large dorsal hump and droopy bulbous tip.
Addition of Pear Ester With Sex Pheromone Enhances Disruption of Mating by Female Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Walnut Orchards Treated with Meso Dispensers

We evaluated the low-density application of 50 dispensers per hectare, in contrast to the traditional >800 dispensers per hectare in apple orchards, to achieve disruption of communication of adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in walnuts, Juglans regia (L.), using several methods. These methods included cumulative catches of male moths in traps baited with sex pheromone (Ph) or codlemone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, or a combination of codlemone, pear ester (PE), ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, and acetic acid, and by examining the mating status of females. These data were collected from 2011-2014 in nontreated plots and in similar plots treated with Meso dispensers loaded with codlemone (Ph Meso) or codlemone and PE (Ph + PE Meso). Male moth captures in both the Ph and combination lure traps reduced by 88-96% and 72 to 77%, respectively, compared with traps in the nontreated plots. A significantly higher proportion of female moths were nonmated in plots treated with Ph + PE Meso dispensers (33%) than in plots treated with Ph Meso (18-26%), or left nontreated (13%). In addition, significantly fewer multiple-mated females were trapped in the Ph + PE Meso-treated plots (6%) than in either Ph Meso-treated (13-18%) or nontreated plots (23%). These data suggest that the addition of PE can effectively improve Ph-based disruption of C. pomonella in walnut orchards. In addition, these data suggest that the use of low-density hand-applied dispensers can be an effective and lower-cost approach to manage this pest in the large canopy presented by walnut orchards.
Sinks for the Press: Cholera and the State Performance of Power at the Dominican Border

Resumen Con el brote de colera en Haiti del 2010, el ejercito dominicano restringio la inmigracion, medicalizando los cuerpos de inmigrantes haitianos al incorporar las infraestructuras de salud publica al proceso de cruzar la frontera. Este articulo sostiene que la reaccion del estado dominicano en la frontera al brote de colera trataba no con una amenaza real de salud, sino con una actuacion con la intencion de reforzar diferencias entre los dos paises de la Espanola. Al interpretar reacciones del ejercito y de salud publica como actuaciones, sugiero que genero una narrativa estrategica en la cual el caos y la enfermedad haitiana chocaban contra proyecciones de control y salud en la Republica Dominicana. Al situar la frontera entre discursos de identidad nacional, seguridad de salud, y poder del estado, el estado dominicano restringio la frontera, legitimando la enajenacion de los haitianos basada en un criterio de salud y reestructurando fidelidades economicas que se consideraba historicamente como amenazas a los proyectos de identidad nacional.
Sister Margaret McBride

Sister Margaret Mary McBride, RSM is the Vice President of Organizational Outreach at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona. Sister McBride is a Sister of Mercy who received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and a Master of Public Administration from the University of San Francisco. She is a board member of Mercy Hospital Bakersfield, Hospice of the Valley and Southwest Catholic Health Network (Mercy Care Plan). In November 2009, Sister McBride was latae sententiae (automatically) excommunicated for her decision to approve a life-saving abortion for a 27-year-old mother suffering from pulmonary hypertension. Sister McBride has since won the 2011 Call To Action Leadership Award for her strength and conviction in dealing with this complex issue. The excommunication of Sister McBride was reversed on December 8, 2011.
Accelerometer Design Considerations

Micromachining technology has been used in low cost pressure sensors for a number of years. However, in other structures such as accelerometers, the devices were fragile, suffered from cross axis sensitivity, and lacked overload protection. Low yields also made the devices very expensive, and not cost effective in many applications. But with the technology being driven by low cost, high volume applications, such as in the automotive industry, new cost effective, and rugged devices are being developed to meet these exacting requirements.
Cell Cycle: Control of Entry and Progression through S Phase

Initiation of DNA replication is tightly regulated to ensure that it occurs once and only once in each cell cycle. This coupling relies on the coordinated activities of the cyclin-dependent kinase, a central component of the cell cycle engine, and the kinase Cdc7. These kinases act on proteins of the pre-replication complex (preRC) at replication origins to promote the loading of additional proteins which initiate DNA unwinding and DNA synthesis. CDK also ensures that the preRC cannot be re-assembled until after cell division has occurred.
Outsourcing: An Ethical Analysis of an International Trade Issue

Outsourcing is an efficient way to reduce a company's costs and is often necessary to remain competitive. However, the practice has had its critics. This paper summarizes the outsourcing debate that has been going on in the United States and identifies and discusses some ethical issues that relate to the practice.
Abstract WP150: Functional Connectivity Changes and Behavioral Gains Following Brain-Computer Interface Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation

While most survivors have some spontaneous recovery after stroke, they reach a functional plateau and are left with persistent motor impairments. An emerging therapy, EEG-based Brain-Computer Inter...
A Single Time-Scale Stochastic Approximation Method for Nested Stochastic Optimization

We study constrained nested stochastic optimization problems in which the objective function is a composition of two smooth functions whose exact values and derivatives are not available. We propose a single time-scale stochastic approximation algorithm, which we call the Nested Averaged Stochastic Approximation (NASA), to find an approximate stationary point of the problem. The algorithm has two auxiliary averaged sequences (filters) which estimate the gradient of the composite objective function and the inner function value. By using a special Lyapunov function, we show that NASA achieves the sample complexity of ${\cal O}(1/\epsilon^{2})$ for finding an $\epsilon$-approximate stationary point, thus outperforming all extant methods for nested stochastic approximation. Our method and its analysis are the same for both unconstrained and constrained problems, without any need of batch samples for constrained nonconvex stochastic optimization. We also present a simplified variant of the NASA method for solving constrained single level stochastic optimization problems, and we prove the same complexity result for both unconstrained and constrained problems.
Interpretable Matrix Completion: A Discrete Optimization Approach.

We consider the problem of matrix completion on an $n \times m$ matrix. We introduce the problem of Interpretable Matrix Completion that aims to provide meaningful insights for the low-rank matrix using side information. We show that the problem can be reformulated as a binary convex optimization problem. We design OptComplete, based on a novel concept of stochastic cutting planes to enable efficient scaling of the algorithm up to matrices of sizes $n=10^6$ and $m=10^6$. We report experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets that show that OptComplete has favorable scaling behavior and accuracy when compared with state-of-the-art methods for other types of matrix completion, while providing insight on the factors that affect the matrix.
Multi-task Prediction of Patient Workload.

Developing reliable workload predictive models can affect many aspects of clinical decision making procedure. The primary challenge in healthcare systems is handling the demand uncertainty over the time. This issue becomes more critical for the healthcare facilities that provide service for chronic disease treatment because of the need for continuous treatments over the time. Although some researchers focused on exploring the methods for workload prediction recently, few types of research mainly focused on forecasting a quantitative measure for the workload of healthcare providers. Also, among the mentioned studies most of them just focused on workload prediction within one facility. The drawback of the previous studies is the problem is not investigated for multiple facilities where the quality of provided service, the equipment, and resources used for provided service as well as the diagnosis and treatment procedures may differ even for patients with similar conditions. To tackle the mentioned issue, this paper suggests a framework for patient workload prediction by using patients data from VA facilities across the US. To capture the information of patients with similar attributes and make the prediction more accurate, a heuristic cluster based algorithm for single task learning as well as a multi task learning approach are developed in this research.
How to Sell Your House for More

Online auction is one of the common mechanisms for online selling and buying. Despite a host of studies on influencing factors on online auction, there is an insufficient understanding of the effects of item features and auction characteristics on the final price. In this study, we extracted both verbal and nonverbal features of online house auctions and examined their effects on the final price of auctioned houses. Based on an analysis of 10,573 online house auctions, we found that features such as starting price have a positive impact on the final price, and features such as bid increment have a negative effect. In addition, verbal features such as numeral count also negatively influence the final auction price. The findings have broad practical implications for improving the description and design of online auction items.
80-OR: 670G Clinical Experience

Objective: In September 2016, the FDA approved the Medtronic 670G “hybrid” closed-loop system. In “Auto Mode,” this system automatically controls basal insulin delivery based on CGM data, but requires users to enter carbohydrate intake and blood sugar for boluses. Studies show improved time in range associated with the use of Auto Mode. In an effort to track our real-world experience with this first commercial closed-loop device, we followed pediatric and adult patients placed on the 670G. Methods: This was a 1-year prospective observational study, recruiting 5/2017-9/2018, of patients with type 1 diabetes, ≥7 years, starting the 670G system. Results: 84 patients started on the 670G (range 9-61 years), 26 (31%) were Conclusions: While use of closed-loop technology correlates with improved glycemic control, a focus on usability and human factors is necessary to ensure patients stay on treatment. Alarms and sensor calibration are a major patient concern, which next generation technology should alleviate. Disclosure R. Lal: Consultant; Self; Abbott. M. Basina: None. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Profusa, Inc. Consultant; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, ConvaTec Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Self; Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. K.K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute. B.P. Conrad: None. J. Leverenz: None. A. Chmielewski: None. K. Peterson: None. D. Wilson: Advisory Panel; Self; Tolerion, Inc. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007217); Seiler Fund
Generalized Fixed-Point Algebras for Twisted C*-Dynamical Systems

Abstract We show that Ralf Meyer's method of constructing generalized fixed-point algebras for C ⁎ -dynamical systems via their square-integrable representations on Hilbert C ⁎ -modules works for twisted C ⁎ -dynamical systems. To do this, we introduce the category of twisted Hilbert C ⁎ -modules and prove that Meyer's bra-ket operators are morphisms in this category. Some non-trivial results that we can obtain are a twisted-equivariant version of Kasparov's Stabilization Theorem and the existence of a classifying category for the category of Hilbert modules over any fixed reduced twisted crossed product. Furthermore, an interesting connection is made to the Gabor-analytic method of constructing Hilbert modules over non-commutative tori by Franz Luef.
The Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry

The Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry was one of the first registries of its kind to generate an accurate incidence of perioperative cardiac arrest in pediatric patients undergoing surgery in the United States. This task was accomplished by collaboration with 62 medical centers including both academic institutions and community hospitals. While the POCA Registry faced some methodological challenges unique to the time it was created, it was able to answer important questions about factors associated with perioperative cardiac arrest in pediatric patients requiring anesthesia for surgery. POCA Registry data demonstrate that high American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status and emergency surgery were independent predictors of mortality from perioperative cardiac arrest, and that patients with congenital heart disease were at a significant and increased of perioperative cardiac arrest while undergoing noncardiac procedures. POCA Registry data also suggested that the use of halothane was particularly hazardous for infants. Future efforts to address perioperative cardiac arrest will benefit from utilization of electronic-based resources, although their widespread implementation is several years away.
A suggested best practices for enhancing performance of soft skills with entry-level hospitality managers

As the nature of hospitality requires employees’ having interpersonal or personal skills, the development of such soft skills has become one of the major topics among hospitality employers. The pur...
Epidemiology of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (S18.005)

Objective: We sought to investigate the incidence of POTS in Olmsted County and its evolution over time. Background: Although demographic and clinical characteristics of the POTS have been well described, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. Design/Methods: We identified all patients in the clinical autonomic laboratory database of the Mayo Clinic Rochester from January 1st 2000 through December 31st 2016, who fulfilled 2011 consensus statement heart rate criteria for POTS during laboratory head-up tilt (increment ≥30 bpm if ≥20 years of age, ≥ 40 bpm if ≤19 years). Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we narrowed this search to those who were tested while residents of Olmstead County. The identified records were carefully reviewed to confirm a clinical diagnosis. Census counts for the Olmstead County population from 2000 to 2016 were gathered from government records (www.census.gov). Incidence was defined as the number of new cases per year among 100,000 residents. Results: A total of 17 years were reviewed (2000–2016) during which we identified 105 unique patients diagnosed with POTS while living in Olmsted County, 91 of which were female (89%). The mean age at diagnosis was 23.4 years [11–51]. The mean duration of documented orthostatic symptoms was 4.5 years. The most recent (2016) incidence rate was 6/100,000 person-year for the entire population (10.5/100,000 for women). The incidence rate among the age population at risk (10–54 years of age) in 2016 was 10.1/100,000 person-year (17.6/100,000 for women 10–54 years of age). The incidence rate for the total population showed a near four-fold increase from the year 2000 when the incidence was 1.6/100,000. Conclusions: POTS is a disorder affecting predominantly young women. The steady rise of the incidence between 2000 and 2016 is intriguing, and may reflect an increased awareness of the syndrome among patients and physicians, but a true rise in incidence cannot be excluded. Disclosure: Dr. AbdelRazek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rocca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose.
Traditional Narratives of Higher Education Cultural Tensions and Ethical Considerations in Adult Learning

This reflective article is inspired by excerpts of the author’s personal journal. The author experienced 12 years of higher learning in both public and private institutions of higher education. She often reflects on her higher education experiences as a first-generation, working-class, multiracial, woman, and the first in her family to speak English as a first language. During her academic journey, she found it challenging to integrate her cultural background with traditional narratives based on Eurocentric values in higher education culture. Her lived experience inspires the promotion of a more holistic approach to teaching and learning, raising awareness of cultural differences that may impact learning goals, including the mental health and academic success of all adult learners. The purposes of this reflective article are to: (a) Illustrate the landscape of United States higher education; (b) Review perspectives of lifespan theory, principles, and research to identify sources of cultural conflict during adulthood; (c) Explain a contemplative approach to higher education; and (d) Introduce contemplative practice to support meaningful forms of adult learning via mindfulness, self-compassion, and active listening strategies.
Assessment of genetic variability for micronutrient content and agromorphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Assessment of rice genetic diversity is critical step for trait specific varietal development program. In the present study, a collection of 281 Indian germplasm accessions were evaluated for genetic diversity study using 30 agro-morphological characters and grain iron and zinc contents in brown and polished rice. To identify the pattern of relatedness and associations, cluster analysis and principal component analysis coupled with correlation were used. Cluster analysis grouped 281 accessions into six main groups. Cluster 4 is the largest and had accessions with higher yield, zinc and iron content. Six components of principal component analysis indicated 76.4% of the total variation. The Principal Component (PC)1 showed 19.05%, while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 exhibited 14.23%, 13.61%, 11.58%, 7.59%, and 6.71% variability, respectively. Among the germplasm, three accessions IC145407, IC145357 and IC248034 have shown significant iron and zinc content in polished rice along with desirable grain yield. The information presented here will be useful in the development of rice varieties with high yield and micronutrient content.
Where Do Institutional Investors Seek Shelter when Disaster Strikes? Evidence from COVID-19

Institutional investors played a crucial role in the COVID-19 market crash. U.S. stocks with higher institutional ownership -- in particular, those held more by active, short-term, and domestic institutions -- performed worse. An analysis of changes in holdings through the first quarter of 2020 reveals that mutual funds, investment advisors, and pension funds favored stocks with strong financials (low debt and high cash), whereas hedge funds sold stocks indiscriminately. None of these institutional investor groups appear to have actively tilted their portfolios toward firms with better environmental and social performance. Data from a large discount brokerage indicate that retail investors acted as liquidity providers. Overall, the results suggest that when a tail risk realizes, institutional investors express a preference for "hard" measures of firm resilience.
Severe Intimate Partner Violence, Sources of Stress and the Mental Health of U.S. Black Women.

Background: We investigate the mental health risk of U.S. Black women by examining the roles of intimate partner violence (IPV), major discrimination, neighborhood characteristics, and sociodemographic factors using one of the largest and most complete datasets on U.S. Blacks. Materials and Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL) used a slightly modified version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) with a sample of 6082 participants. We also assess intraracial group differences based on ethnicity and nativity status (U.S.-born African American, U.S.-born Caribbean Black, and foreign-born Caribbean Black). Results: The study provides evidence that severe physical intimate partner violence (SPIPV) is a significant threat to the mental health of U.S. Black women. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that those with a history of SPIPV were at greater risk for mental disorders than women who did not experience violence by a spouse or partner. Racial discrimination was associated with higher odds of anxiety and substance disorders, whereas gender discrimination was associated with higher odds of mood disorders. Neighborhood drug problems also increased the odds of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Older age and being an Afro-Caribbean immigrant were associated with lower odds of three of four mental disorders. Conclusions: Findings from the study indicate the need for community and clinical interventions aimed at addressing IPV and other community factors that influence Black women's mental health.
ThermoWave: a new paradigm of wireless passive temperature monitoring via mmWave sensing

Temperature sensor is one of the most widespread technologies in the IoT era. Wireless temperature monitoring systems are convenient to deploy and can drive mass applications in the fields of smart home, transportation and logistics. Currently, wireless temperature monitoring products are based on microelectronic and semiconductor components, which are not cost-effective (e.g., a few dollars) and more importantly, generate electronic wastes. In this work, we present ThermoWave, a new paradigm of wireless temperature monitoring that is ecological, battery-less, and ultra-low cost. Specifically, ThermoWave is on the basis of the thermal scattering effect on millimeter-wave (mmWave) signals. Specifically, cholesteryl materials align their molecular patterns at different environmental temperatures, and this temperature-induced pattern change will be modulated and sensed by the scattered mmWave signals. There are three functional modules in the ThermoWave system. The ThermoTag is a cholesteryl material inked film or paper tag that can be conveniently attached to the object of interest to monitor temperature changes. Each ThermoTag costs less than 0.01 dollars. The temperature modulated mmWave scattering will be received by a mmWave-radar based ThermoScanner and demodulated by a software-based temperature decoder ThermoSense, which includes a model-based method (i.e., ThermoDot) for point temperature estimation and a data-driven method (i.e., ThermoNet) for thermal imaging. We prototype and evaluate the ThermoWave system performance in both controlled and real-world setups. Experimental results show that the ThermoWave achieves the precision of ±1.0°F in the range of 30°F to 120°F in a controlled setup. We also investigate the performance in real-world applications, and the ThermoWave can reach the ±3.0°F precision in the temperature estimation. We also test and discuss sustainability, durability, robustness, and cost-effectiveness of the ThermoWave in both design and experiments.
Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate Using Synthetic Turbulence Generation.

The turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate is computed by direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations as a test bed for a synthetic turbulence generator (STG) inflow boundary condition. The inlet momentum thickness Reynolds number is approximately 1,000. The study provides validation of the ability of the STG to develop accurate turbulence in 5 to 7 boundary layer thicknesses downstream of the boundary condition. Also tested was the effect of changes in the stabilization scheme on the development of the boundary layer. Moreover, the grid resolution required for both the development region and the downstream flow is investigated when using a stabilized finite element method.
Leveling Up: Using the Tracer Method to Address Training Needs for Esports Players:

This paper describes a new method, the Tracer Method, that maps multiple types of decision-making activities to visual search behaviors to improve the acquisition of expertise. The method combines ...
A Deep Learning Tool for Automated Radiographic Measurement of Acetabular Component Inclination and Version After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Inappropriate acetabular component angular position is believed to increase the risk of hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. However, manual measurement of these angles is time consuming and prone to interobserver variability. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning tool to automate the measurement of acetabular component angles on postoperative radiographs. Methods Two cohorts of 600 anteroposterior (AP) pelvis and 600 cross-table lateral hip postoperative radiographs were used to develop deep learning models to segment the acetabular component and the ischial tuberosities. Cohorts were manually annotated, augmented, and randomly split to train-validation-test data sets on an 8:1:1 basis. Two U-Net convolutional neural network models (one for AP and one for cross-table lateral radiographs) were trained for 50 epochs. Image processing was then deployed to measure the acetabular component angles on the predicted masks for anatomical landmarks. Performance of the tool was tested on 80 AP and 80 cross-table lateral radiographs. Results The convolutional neural network models achieved a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.878 and 0.903 on AP and cross-table lateral test data sets, respectively. The mean difference between human-level and machine-level measurements was 1.35° (σ = 1.07°) and 1.39° (σ = 1.27°) for the inclination and anteversion angles, respectively. Differences of 5⁰ or more between human-level and machine-level measurements were observed in less than 2.5% of cases. Conclusion We developed a highly accurate deep learning tool to automate the measurement of angular position of acetabular components for use in both clinical and research settings. Level of Evidence III.
Models of Excellence for Social Justice: Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Tribal Colleges and Universities

Social justice refers to distribution of fair and just access to resources and opportunities and acknowledges the rights of groups to participate in decision-making in society. Based on the premise that education and society are intrinsically related and that the fundamental purpose of education is to improve social justice, this chapter examines two educational models of excellence—Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) and Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCU). TCUs and HBCUs were founded to educate segregated and marginalized populations—American Indians and Blacks. Through the lens of structural racism and using a mixed methods approach, this chapter analyzes indicators of the success of HBCUs and TCUs as models of institutional excellence that educate and empower Blacks and American Indians to actively participate in the fight for social justice.
Arabidopsis Nonhost Resistance PSS30 Gene Enhances Broad-spectrum Disease Resistance in the Soybean Cultivar Williams 82

Nonhost resistance (NHR), which protects all members of a plant species from non-adapted or nonhost plant pathogens, is the most common form of plant immunity. NHR provides the most durable and robust form of broad-spectrum immunity against non-adaptive pathogens pathogenic to other crop species. In a mutant screen for loss of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NHR against the soybean pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, the Phytophthora sojae susceptible 30 (pss30) mutant was identified. The pss30 mutant is also susceptible to the soybean pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. PSS30 encodes a folate transporter, AtFOLT1, which was previously localized to chloroplasts and implicated in the transport of folate from the cytosol to plastids. We have shown that two Arabidopsis folate biosynthetic mutants with reduced folate levels exhibited a loss of nonhost immunity against P. sojae. As compared to the wild-type Col-0 ecotype, the steady state folate levels are reduced in the pss1, atfolt1 and two folate biosynthetic mutants suggesting that folate is required for expression of nonhost immunity. Overexpression of AtFOLT1 enhances immunity of transgenic soybean (Glycine max, (L.) Merr.) lines against two serious soybean pathogens, the fungal pathogen F. virguliforme and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines. Transgenic lines showing enhanced SCN resistance also showed a trend of increased levels of folate accumulation. This study thus suggests that folate contributes to nonhost plant immunity and overexpression of a nonhost resistance gene could be a suitable strategy for generating broad-spectrum disease resistance in crop plants.
Substance use, depression, and loneliness among American veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and objectives Behavioral health issues, such as substance use, depression, and social isolation, are of grave concern during COVID-19, especially for vulnerable populations. One such population is US veterans, who have high rates of pre-existing behavioral health conditions and may thus be at-risk for poorer outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate substance use among US veterans during COVID-19 as a function of pre-existing depression, loneliness, and social support. Methods We investigated the relationship between pre-pandemic depression and substance use during COVID-19 using linear (alcohol) and logistic (cannabis) regression among a large sample of US veterans (N = 1230). We then tested if loneliness and social support moderated these effects. Results Though there was a decrease in alcohol and cannabis use among the overall sample, veterans who screened for depression prior to the pandemic exhibited higher levels of substance use after the pandemic's onset. Loneliness compounded the effects of depression on rates of alcohol use. Social support was not protective for the effects of depression on either alcohol or cannabis use. Discussion and conclusions Veterans with pre-existing depression may be in need of attention for substance use behaviors. Interventions aimed at alleviating loneliness among veterans may be useful in mitigating alcohol use, but not cannabis use, amid COVID-19. Scientific significance Our findings are among the first to report tangible behavioral health outcomes experienced by US veterans as a result of COVID-19. Results can help inform treatment efforts for veterans who are struggling with substance use during and post-pandemic.
TrafficNNode: Low Power Vehicle Sensing Platform for Smart Cities

Automating traffic monitoring and management can materially contribute to the realization of Smart Cities, but this demands detailed, accurate and timely characterization of traffic flows. Current methods employ video capture (high installation and operating costs), pneumatic-tube-based counters (limited detail about vehicle types and often only installed temporarily), or manual data capture (high human cost).We have developed an intelligent, inexpensive, pavement-mountable device capable of collecting information about vehicle types and speeds using an embedded, power-optimized neural network. The device is designed to fit within a raised pavement marker (RPM). RPMs are deployed throughout the world as lane markers. Packaging our sensing technology into RPMs offers the potential to significantly improve the spatial and temporal resolution of traffic flow information across a city.We outline our methodology for energy-optimized machine learning on a small, resource-constrained sensor device. We present the results of our work in terms of accuracy (96% classifying vehicle type and 89% classifying vehicle speed) and battery life (three years).
Top-gate organic field-effect transistors fabricated on shape-memory polymer substrates

We demonstrate top-gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a bilayer gate dielectric and doped contacts fabricated on shape-memory polymer (SMP) substrates. SMPs exhibit large variations in Young’s modulus dependent on temperature and have the ability to fix two or more geometric configurations when a proper stimulus is applied. These unique properties make SMPs desirable for three-dimensional shape applications of OFETs. The electrical properties of OFETs on SMP substrates are presented and compared to those of OFETs on traditional glass substrates.
SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF STREPTOMYCIN WITH OTHER ANTIBIOTICS ON INTRACELLULAR BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN VITRO

Richardson, Marvis (Michigan State University, East Lansing) and Jane N. Holt. Synergistic action of streptomycin with other antibiotics on intracellular Brucella abortus in vitro. J. Bacteriol. 84:638-646. 1962.-It has been found that streptomycin acts synergistically with penicillin and tetracycline to inhibit the growth of Brucella abortus within bovine cells cultured in vitro. Extracellular penicillin at 10 to 50 mug/ml was essentially bacteriostatic for intracellular brucellae. A combination of 5 to 50 mug/ml of streptomycin, which alone did not prevent the multiplication of intracellular brucellae, and 50 mug/ml of penicillin was bactericidal. Tetracycline at 0.5 to 1.0 mug/ml, which permitted growth or was bacteriostatic for brucellae within tissue cells, proved markedly bactericidal when combined with 10 mug/ml of streptomycin. Within certain limits, the synergistic effect of streptomycin and tetracycline did not appear to be a function of concentration. When the addition of streptomycin was delayed until 24 hr after the addition of tetracycline, the antibiotics acted synergistically on intracellular brucellae. To achieve intracellular synergism, five to ten times the effective extracellular concentration of streptomycin was required. Penicillin and tetracycline acted at the same concentration on extracellular and intracellular brucellae. These results suggest that tissue cell systems may prove useful for study of multiple drug therapy to be used in vivo against intracellular bacteria.
A genomic selection component analysis characterizes migration‐selection balance

The genetic differentiation of populations in response to local selection pressures has long been studied by evolutionary biologists, but key details about the process remain obscure. How rapidly can local adaptation evolve, how extensive is the process across the genome, and how strong are the opposing forces of natural selection and gene flow? Here, we combine direct measurement of survival and reproduction with whole-genome genotyping of a plant species (Mimulus guttatus) that has recently invaded a novel habitat (the Quarry population). We renovate the classic selection component method to accommodate genomic data and observe selection at SNPs throughout the genome. SNPs showing viability selection in Quarry exhibit elevated divergence from neighboring populations relative to neutral SNPs. We also find that nonsignificant SNPs exhibit a subtle, but still significant, change in allele frequency toward neighboring populations, a predicted effect of gene flow. Given that the Quarry population is most probably only 30-40 generations old, the alleles conferring local advantage are almost certainly older than the population itself. Thus, local adaptation owes to the recruitment of standing genetic variation.
Lessons from the Soon to be Repealed (and Reenacted) Section 68 Limitation

Commentators have long regarded Section 68, the Overall Limitation on Itemized Deductions, as primarily a hidden increase in marginal rates. In this paper we use tax return data to show that the effects of the provision are more complicated. For most taxpayers, as expected, section 68 operates as an increase in the marginal rate on income (but not deductions). For a significant number of very high income taxpayers, however, section 68 operates as a true limitation on itemized deductions, permitting a deduction of only 20 cents on the dollar. In addition, commentators had failed to notice that section 68 operates to force a significant percentage of taxpayers to use the standard deduction rather than itemizing. By measuring more precisely the different ways section 68 applies, we gain a fuller picture of that section's effects on the tax rates faced by various taxpayers. More generally, our research demonstrates the importance of understanding the interaction between different provisions of the Code and the danger in relying on aggregate and average data in analyzing the effects of current law and predicting the effects of changes in the law.
Opportunities for women in early genetics

Although women have long been engaged in science, their participation in large numbers was limited until they gained access to higher education in the last decades of the nineteenth century. The rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900 coincided with the availability of a well trained female scientific workforce, and women entered the new field in significant numbers. Exploring their activities reveals much about the early development of the field that soon revolutionized biology, and about the role of gender in the social organization of science.
Flexural strength and stiffness of Southern Pine plywood.

New information is presented that concerns flexural strength and stiffness of southern pine plywood and verification of a method developed by the U. S. Forest Products Laboratory for predicting properties of plywood. This method can predict, with sufficient accuracy, properties of southern pine plywood despite the large natural variability of veneer of this species and other variables. Strength and stiffness between 3-ply and 5-ply plywood with face grain parallel to span are compared. In addition, strength and stiffness between plywood and unidirectionally laminated veneer with same number of plies and total thickness are compared.
Observation of strong direct-like oscillator strength in the photoluminescence of Si nanoparticles

We have performed time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on suspensions of silicon nanoparticles using near-infrared two-photon femtosecond excitation. Our results for 1 nm particles show wide bandwidth but indicate full conversion to directlike behavior, with a few nanosecond time characteristic, corresponding to oscillator strength comparable to those in direct semiconductors. In addition to fast nanosecond decay, the photoluminescence from 2.85 nm nanoparticle suspension exhibits considerably slower decay, consistent with a transition regime to directlike behavior. The quantum yield is measured to be $\ensuremath{\sim}0.48$, 0.82, and 0.56 for excitation at 254, 310 and 365 nm, respectively, for the blue 1 nm particles, and $\ensuremath{\sim}0.22$, 0.36, and 0.50 for the red 2.85 nm particles. The directlike characteristics are discussed in terms of localization on radiative deep molecularlike Si-Si traps with size-dependent depth.
Inhibition of mixed leukocyte culture responses by serum and γ-globulin fractions from certain patients with connective tissue disorders

Sera and IgG fractions from normal subjects as well as patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were added to mixed leukocyte reactions (MLC) in an attempt to study the effects on cell-to-cell interactions in such systems. Seven and seven-tenths percent of 52 RA sera and 26% of 27 SLE sera showed suppression of MLC reactivity. MLC suppression appeared to be localized to IgG serum fractions separated by DEAE chromatography. This suppressive effect showed a strong correlation with presence of lymphocytotoxic antibody in individual sera.
Using Global Positioning Systems as a Marketing Tool: An Analysis of U.S. Consumers' Use and Perceptions

This article explores the current and potential use of global positioning system (GPS) devices as a marketing tool from the consumers' perspective with special attention to services for travelers. Two hundred randomly-selected online consumers were surveyed about their use of, and attitudes toward, GPS. Two-thirds of the respondents used a GPS device in the last 12 months. Nonusers cite cost as the biggest reason for not using a GPS device. Results indicate that GPS devices are used as marketing tools; however, many consumers are resistant to the idea of having businesses solicit them by GPS. Cluster analysis of the data identifies four different types of GPS users.
Declining incidence of ventricular fibrillation in myocardial infarction. Implications for the prophylactic use of lidocaine.

BACKGROUNDThe purposes of the present investigation were 1) to track the incidence of primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the control and lidocaine-treated groups in the randomized control trials (RCTs) of lidocaine prophylaxis against primary VF in acute myocardial infarction, with particular emphasis on the time frame of the randomized trial, and 2) to estimate the number of patients who must receive lidocaine currently to prevent one episode of VF.METHODS AND RESULTSThe following variables from RCTs published between 1969 and 1988 were entered into logistic regression models to predict the percent of patients developing VF: year of publication of the RCT, method of data analysis used in the RCT, route and technique of lidocaine administration, duration of monitoring for VF, and exclusion criteria before randomization (congestive heart failure/cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia/VF, or bradycardia/atrioventricular block). Year of publication was a significant predictor of VF in both the cont...
Trends and determinants of prescription medication use for treatment of osteoporosis

Purpose. Trends in the use of different treatments for osteoporosis among the civilian, ambulatory U.S. population are described. Methods. Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to estimate osteoporosis prevalence and treatment rates among individuals ages 50 years and older who self-reported having osteoporosis. Specific pharmacologic treatments analyzed included oral and transdermal estrogen and estrogen and progesterone combination products in women, injectable and transdermal testosterone products in men, oral bisphosphonate medications, raloxifene, and nasal calcitonin. Predisposing characteristics included sex, age, education, income, and race. Required characteristics included the use of an oral corticosteroid medication, having a fracture in the current MEPS year, presently smoking, and self-report of fair or poor health status. Results. Self-report of osteoporosis increased steadily from approximately 3.2 million patients in 1999 to 7.2 million patients in 2005. This was associated with an increase of the number of patients who used medication for the treatment of osteoporosis from 2.3 million in 1999 to 5.6 million in 2005. Although medication use increased over time, only 77% of people with osteoporosis reported using medication for the treatment of osteoporosis in the previous year. Only 25.4% of men, 55.6% of blacks, 64.2% of patients without a usual source of health care, and 66.8% of patients who reported their health as fair or poor used medication for the treatment of osteoporosis in the previous year. Conclusion. Although the MEPS data are based on patient self-report, the results from our study suggest that approximately one in four patients with osteoporosis did not receive prescription management for this condition.