cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of tricyclic antidepressants for ED analysis.

Abstract Both the Biosite Triage (Biosite Diagnostics, San Diego, CA) method and the Du Pont aca (Du Pont Company, Wilmington, DE) method give qualitative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) results to aid in the diagnosis of a TCA overdose. The Triage method uses urine samples and the aca uses serum samples. Although the cutoff values vary considerably between the two methods, the Triage results agreed well with the aca results. The Triage test has an advantage in instrument maintenance and time savings, allowing a reduction in turn-around time for our emergency department. Both urine and serum samples were obtained from 44 patients who were admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of “possible tricyclic overdose.” Discrepancies between the two methods were resolved by thin layer chromatography (Toxi-Lab, Ansys, Inc, Irvine, CA). Both methods were in agreement with the exception of five patients' samples. In this study, the Triage method allowed for detection of TCA using urine that is simple for the user and yielded higher sensitivity and specificity results compared with the Du Pont aca method.
Weather During Bloom Affects Pollination and Yield of Highbush Blueberry

Weather plays an important role in spring-blooming fruit crops due to the combined effects on bee activity, flower opening, pollen germination, and fertilization. To determine the effects of weather on highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., productivity, we monitored bee activity and compared fruit set, weight, and seed number in a field stocked with honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and common eastern bumble bees, Bombus impatiens (Cresson). Flowers were subjected to one of five treatments during bloom: enclosed, open, open during poor weather only, open during good weather only, or open during poor and good weather. Fewer bees of all types were observed foraging and fewer pollen foragers returned to colonies during poor weather than during good weather. There were also changes in foraging community composition: honey bees dominated during good weather, whereas bumble bees dominated during poor weather. Berries from flowers exposed only during poor weather had higher fruit set in 1 yr and higher berry weight in the other year compared with enclosed clusters. In both years, clusters exposed only during good weather had >5 times as many mature seeds, weighed twice as much, and had double the fruit set of those not exposed. No significant increase over flowers exposed during good weather was observed when clusters were exposed during good and poor weather. Our results are discussed in terms of the role of weather during bloom on the contribution of bees adapted to foraging during cool conditions.
Calculated and measured endothelial temperature histories of excised rabbit corneas exposed to infrared radiation.

Abstract This paper reports calculation of the endothelial and epithelial temperature increases caused by exposing the cornea to radiation from three infrared laser systems: CO2 holmium and erbium. Data are presented for a variety of exposures and beam diameters. The calculations assume that the lasers are operated with a Gaussian beam intensity profile and the radiation is absorbed according to the Beer-Lambert law. We show that the absorption lengths of some of these laser lines are sufficiently long that the endothelial temperature rise is very close to that of the epithelium. The efficacy of the theoretical model is tested by comparing the calculations with measurements on excised corneas exposed to CO2 laser radiation. Both a liquid crystal technique and a thermocouple were used to measure the temporal and spatial variations of endothelial temperature. The experimental and theoretical values are in resonable accord which gives added confidence in the calculations for other laser systems and exposures. The results presented here show that infrared laser exposure safety standards should address the possibility of endothelial damage.
Descending aortic dissection injured by tip of the sheath during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

An 86-year-old woman was referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) because of recurrent severe aortic stenosis after balloon aortic valvuloplasty in May 2014. We planned to implant a 23-mm Sapien XT valve by transfemoral approach. During procedure, aortic dissection was detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The dissection limited to the descending aorta and did not include the ascending aorta. Therefore, our team decided to implant the 23-mm Sapien valve as planned. After the procedure, the dissection was treated conservatively without surgical repair. Three weeks later, she was discharged without any complications.
Predictable processes and Wold's decomposition: A review

The concepts of predictability and band-limitedness are reexamined and a simple proof of Wold's decomposition is presented in the context of mean-square estimation.
Gadolinium in water Cherenkov detectors improves detection of supernova ν e

Detecting supernova ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ is essential for testing supernova and neutrino physics, but the yields are small and the backgrounds from other channels large, e.g., $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{ }{10}^{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{ }{10}^{4}$ events, respectively, in Super-Kamiokande. We develop a new way to isolate supernova ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$, using gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detectors. The forward-peaked nature of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ allows an angular cut that contains the majority of events. Even in a narrow cone, near-isotropic inverse beta events, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}+n$, are a large background. With neutron detection by radiative capture on gadolinium, these background events can be individually identified with high efficiency. The remaining backgrounds are smaller and can be measured separately, so they can be statistically subtracted. Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium could measure the total and average energy of supernova ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ with $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{ }20%$ precision or better each (90% C.L.). Hyper-Kamiokande with gadolinium could improve this by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{ }5$. This precision will allow powerful tests of supernova neutrino emission, neutrino mixing, and exotic physics. Unless very large liquid argon or liquid scintillator detectors are built, this is the only way to guarantee precise measurements of supernova ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$.
A Fault Diagnosis Method to Hydraulic Tube Tester Production Process

The hydraulic tube tester process can be characterized as a data-rich process as it can generate a large number of process measurements on many variables in short time. A data mining based multiway independent component analysis and multiway fisher discriminant analysis (MICA-FDA) method is developed for fault diagnosis for the hydraulic tube tester process, where MICA models are derived to find the underlying components from normal process data, and then MFD A models are built for fault diagnosis from the various known fault data. The proposed method is applied to a hydraulic tube tester production process. Results of simulation clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
On the computation of semantically ordered truth values of linguistic protoform summaries

Linguistic summaries provide a promise for extracting useful information from large datasets and present them in the form of natural language. Their applications can be found in various disciplines such as eldercare, financial time series etc. In this work we focus on linguistic protoform summaries and point out at some problems associated with the truth value computation methods present in literature. We develop a technique which produces more intuitive truth values for three different kinds of linguistic protoform summaries and illustrate this with help of some examples. Moreover, we show through a mathematical proof that our method is very robust and the truth values always follow the semantic order of the language they are representing.
Spectral Processing in Auditory Cortex

Historically, the main purpose of the auditory system has been interpreted as a frequency analyzer (Ohm 1843; von Helmholtz 1863) that provides a faithful spectral representation of the received acoustic waveform. Analysis and characterization of spectral processing, beginning with the principle of parallel signal processing in narrow, partially overlapping frequency channels in the cochlea, has provided a framework for all subsequent stages of computation, information extraction and encoding in the auditory system, including the auditory cortex. This still evolving bottom-up characterization around the concept of a set of parallel frequency filters has been significantly enhanced by including temporal or dynamic and nonlinear aspects of spectral processing. Quantitative and rigorous systems and information analysis approaches have resulted in more complete characterizations of spectral encoding and decoding abilities throughout the auditory system.
Evaluating abundance and trends in a Hawaiian avian community using state-space analysis

Estimating population abundances and patterns of change over time are important in both ecology and conservation. Trend assessment typically entails fitting a regression to a time series of abundances to estimate population trajectory. However, changes in abundance estimates from year-to-year across time are due to both true variation in population size (process variation) and variation due to imperfect sampling and model fit. State-space models are a relatively new method that can be used to partition the error components and quantify trends based only on process variation. We compare a state-space modelling approach with a more traditional linear regression approach to assess trends in uncorrected raw counts and detection-corrected abundance estimates of forest birds at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai‘i. Most species demonstrated similar trends using either method. In general, evidence for trends using state-space models was less strong than for linear regression, as measured by estimates of precision. However, while the state-space models may sacrifice precision, the expectation is that these estimates provide a better representation of the real world biological processes of interest because they are partitioning process variation (environmental and demographic variation) and observation variation (sampling and model variation). The state-space approach also provides annual estimates of abundance which can be used by managers to set conservation strategies, and can be linked to factors that vary by year, such as climate, to better understand processes that drive population trends.
Review of Digital Humanities in Practice

In Digital Humanities in Practice, Claire Warwick, Melissa Terras and Julianne Nyhan present an edited volume of reflections on the digital humanities work that is underway at University College London Centre for Digital Humanities (UCLDH). Across nine chapters, UCLDH’s work is thematically introduced and elaborated, with each section also containing concrete case studies of digital humanities research projects and further online resources (blogs.ucl.ac.uk/dh-inpractice).
RELATIVE BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING ACTIVITY IN DOGS AFTER INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAPORTAL VEIN ADMINISTRATION: BUNOLOL, PROPRANOLOL, THEIR LEVO ISOMERS AND SOTALOL

Changes in the heart rate response to isoproterenol and cardioaccelerans nerve stimulation were compared before and after i.v. and intraportal vein (pv) doses of dl - or l -bunolol, dl - or l -propranolol and dl -sotalol. Equiactive i.v. doses of the antagonists did not cause equivalent degrees of beta adrenergic receptor blockade after pv administration. dl - and l -Propranolol were less active (P propranolol >> sotalol > l -bunolol > bunolol. This difference may contribute significantly to l - and dl -bunolol's (and to a lesser degree to sotalol's) favorable oral-to-i.v. dose relationship over propranolol.
Baseline Susceptibility of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) to Novaluron.

Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), populations were collected from field locations in the Mississippi River Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Third-instar F(1) nymphs from each field location, in addition to a laboratory colony, were screened for susceptibility to novaluron. Both a glass vial bioassay and a diet-incorporated bioassay used dose-response regression lines to calculate LC(50) and LC(90) values for novaluron. Mean LC(50s) for glass vial bioassays ranged from 44.70 ± 3.58 to 66.54 ± 4.19 μg/vial, while mean LC(50s) for diet-incorporated bioassays ranged from 12.10 ± 0.77 to 17.63 ± 2.42 μg/200 ml of artificial diet. A comparison of LC(50) values from the same field population screened using both bioassay methods failed to show a relationship. LC(50) values from field locations were compared with a historically susceptible population from Crossett, AR. Results indicated that considerable variability in susceptibility to novaluron exists within field populations of tarnished plant bugs across the Delta, including some locations with lower LC(50) values than a historically susceptible population.
Sexual and Temporal Differences in Phorid Parasitism of Photinus marginellus Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Photinus marginellus LeConte fireflies maintain discrete breeding aggregations in which males fly and flash in search of conspecific females, while females respond from perches in vegetation. Sexual differences and temporal patterns in parasitism by the phorid Apocephalus antennatus Malloch, a specialist parasitoid of lampyrid beetles, were investigated by determining parasitism rates during the flight season within a P. marginellus deme. Female P. marginellus were attacked by parasitoids at slightly higher rates (35% of all females) than were males (25%), and females hosted significantly more parasitoid larvae per individual than did males. A distinct temporal pattern in parasitism rate was observed; for both male and female hosts, the probability of an individual being killed by A. antennatus increased markedly from early- to mid-season. Within each sex, there were no differences in host body size between parasitized and nonparasitized beetles, and no relationship was found between host body size and the number of phorid larvae that emerged. Intersexual differences and temporal patterns of parasitism observed in this study suggest that A. antennatus may affect P. marginellus life histories and reproductive ecology.
Water and the composition of Martian magmas

Shergottites, the most abundant martian meteorites, represent the best source of information about Mars’ mantle and its dissolved water. If the mantle was wet, magmatic degassing could have supplied substantial water to the martian surface early in its history. Researchers have attempted to reconstruct the volatile contents of shergottite parental magmas, with recent analyses confirming that the shergottites contained significant water. However, water is not a passive tracer; it directly affects magma chemistry and physical properties. Deciphering the history of water on Mars requires understanding how that water affected the chemistry of the shergottites and how they fit within Mars’ geologic history. Both topics present difficulties, as no shergottite-like rock has been found in stratigraphic context and there is debate over the timing of eruptions of shergottite-like magmas. Partial melting experiments on terrestrial basalts and new data from orbiters and rovers on Mars provide the information needed to overcome these difficulties and explain the role of water in shergottite magmas. Here we show that shergottite compositions and their martian geologic context can be explained by melting of an originally wet mantle that degassed over time. We also demonstrate that models for the evolution of the martian mantle that do not consider water fail to account for the shergottite compositions, surface distributions, and ages. Finally, we suggest that dehydration of the martian mantle has led to changes in magmatic chemistry over time, with shergottites representing melts of water-bearing mantle and rocks similar to nakhlites representing melts of other mantle sources.
For hummingbirds, nature is not a wind tunnel

![Graphic][1] Hummingbirds are aeronautical wonders. They hover, zoom, dive and halt with arresting speed and accuracy. Most of what we know of their flight capabilities comes from studies in the lab – wind tunnel experiments that test maximum flight speeds and force. However, Katherine
A simplified cyclic plasticity model for calculating stress-strain response under multiaxial non-proportional loadings

Abstract Given the dependence of many fatigue damage parameters on both stress and strain values, being able to produce accurate stress-strain estimations is an essential first step when performing a fatigue life analysis. However, more advanced cyclic plasticity models, capable of capturing complex material behavior under multiaxial non-proportional loadings, often require the determination of a large number of material constants from experimental data that are not always available to the analyst. Therefore, in this study, a simplified Armstrong-Frederick-Chaboche style plasticity model, based on the assumption of Masing material behavior and a newly proposed transient hardening formulation, was evaluated in terms of its ability to predict stress-strain response under complex multiaxial loading conditions. To do this, experimental stress-strain data were generated for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy using both constant and variable amplitude multiaxial block loading histories designed to reflect a wide variety of stress states that might be encountered in any given service loading history. Stress-strain predictions were performed both with and without the consideration of non-proportional hardening effects in order to provide a baseline for evaluating the results. Although all stress-strain predictions were found to agree well with the experimental data, both quantitatively and qualitatively, it was shown that, in general, predictions for axial stress amplitudes and mean axial stresses were consistently better than those for shear stress.
Toxoplasma and Toxoplasmosis

Many mysteries still surround this ubiquitous parasite and the almost universal infection it causes. Usually an innocuous disease, toxoplasmosis in its congenital form can be devastating, causing mental retardation, ocular disease, and death in the newborn. In adults the parasite may be responsible for some forms of eye disease; individuals with impaired immunologic competence are also at serious risk.
Motile sperm recovery from fresh and frozen-thawed ejaculates using a swim-up procedure*

The recovery of motile sperm in swim-ups from fresh semen that was washed and centrifuged one time was 33% and after 2 washes and centrifugations was 22%. The recovery rates for frozen-thawed semen were only 7% and 5%, respectively. The straight line velocity of sperm was increased after sperm swim-up, whereas changes to the lateral sperm head movement were not as evident. However, the dramatic loss in motile sperm numbers especially after swim-up from thawed semen indicate that more efficient methods of isolating motile sperm from thawed semen may be required.
The Impact of Population Policies on Women in Eastern Europe: The German Democratic Republic

Most of the literature on family policy in Eastern Europe has focused on the impact of population policies on birth rates and fertility rates.2 However important this question may be, it narrows unnecessarily the analysis of the impact of family policy. Feminist theory suggests that this restrictive approach reflects a patriarchal bias which sees women only as instruments in achieving optimal growth rates. In this paper I develop a broader economic approach which includes the impact of family policy on women’s economic position in society, and, in addition, considers the impact of factors not usually considered part of family policy, including housing policy and male/female wage differentials. This analysis is within the context of Eastern European family policies in general but focuses chiefly on the German Democratic Republic.
Maximum Entropy Reconstruction with Constraints: Iterative Algorithms for Solving the Primal and Dual Programs

Using constraints to better define regions of known intensity can improve the signal-to-noise ration in computed tomography (CT). This is accomplished in positron emission tomography (PET) by reducing the region of unknown activity with time-coincidence circuitry. Mathematically, constraints can be implemented into reconstruction algorithms using a priori information, such as the use of an x-ray CT image to define regions of radionuclide uptake in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or PET imaging. In addition to regional constraints, intensity constraints can also be included into the model equations. This may be especially useful where the data has a high degree of contrast as in DSA limited-angle tomography.
Measurement Equivalence of the K6 Scale The Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Language

This study examined the measurement equivalence of the K6 across diverse racial/ethnic and linguistic groups in the U.S. differential item functioning analyses using item response theory were conducted among 44,846 U.S. adults drawn from the California Health Interview Survey. Results show that four items ("nervous," "restless," "depressed," and "everything an effort") varied significantly across races/ethnicities and four items ("nervous," "hopeless," "restless," and "depressed") varied significantly across languages. In additional effect size analyses designed to separate effects of race/ethnicity from language, the structure of the White English group was substantially different from both the Hispanic/Latino English group and Hispanic/Latino Spanish group, whereas the Hispanic/Latino Spanish group was not different from the Hispanic/Latino English group. The findings suggest that there was evident measurement nonequivalence in the K6 among racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse adults and that the observed nonequivalence in the K6 appears to be driven by language rather than race/ethnicity.
Understanding Older Adults' Perceptions of In-Home Sensors Using an Obtrusiveness Framework

The aim of this study was to determine if dimensions and sub-categories of a previously-tested obtrusiveness framework were represented in interviews conducted with community-dwelling older adults at three- and six-month study visits during an in-home sensor study. Secondary analysis of interviews was performed using a codebook based on an obtrusiveness framework. Eight community-dwelling older adults aged 79---86 participated in 15 interviews. One participant died between the three- and six-month interviews. Some elements of the obtrusiveness framework were present at three months but not at six months, indicating that perceptions of obtrusiveness of in-home sensors may decline over time. Findings highlight the importance of privacy issues and perceived usefulness for sensor technology use and adoption. There is a need to develop an obtrusiveness assessment instrument that enables nuanced measurements based on specific contexts and types of technologies.
Unheard Voices: Why Former Child Welfare Workers Left Their Positions

This mixed methods study used a snowball sample (n = 54) to capture retrospective insight from former public child welfare workers about job satisfaction and reasons they left their positions. Responses to open-ended questions suggested a theme of lack of organizational support as the primary reason they left. Former workers also reported that they wanted a voice and someone to hear their concerns, greater recognition, and opportunity to practice self-care. Quantitatively, workers in their positions 8 years or longer were the most satisfied on a 19-item global scale examining job satisfaction. Respondents were unhappy with their workloads and emotional impact of their positions.
Slowing Down Theory

In neutronic analysis for nuclear reactor systems, we look at three types of reactors depending upon the average energy of neutrons, which cause the bulk of the fission in the system. Thermal reactors, in which most fission are, are induced by neutrons, and these neutrons more or less are in thermal equilibrium with the atoms in the reactor and maintain energy below approximately 0.3 eV. Intermediate reactor or resonance reactors, in which neutrons have energy above thermal up to 10 keV and most of these neutrons are responsible for fission, lie in the resonance region of the heavy elements. This type of reactor is also largely responsible for producing fissions. Finally, the third one is the fast reactor, in which fissions are induced primarily by neutrons with energy of the order of 100 keV and above. Finally, yet importantly, one should be aware of the fact that in a thermal reactor, the fission neutrons are slowed down by the use of a moderator, and that is a mass of material, such as carbon, beryllium, or water, which is distributed throughout the fueled region or core of the reactor [1].
A new temperature correction algorithm for FAA engine cooling tests

An analysis of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification requirements has revealed a potential error in the temperature correction formula the FAA requires manufacturers to use to process engine cooling data for compliance with Part 23 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR Part 23). The FAA engine cooling performance temperature correction formula, which predicts the critical temperature of engine components, was quantitatively evaluated using data acquired with a single-engine aircraft powered by a normally aspirated, air-cooled, reciprocating engine. Previous research has failed to analyze the effect ambient air temperature has on oil temperature and has failed to propose a more accurate model for predicting critical cylinder head and oil temperature. Engine cylinder head and oil temperature data were acquired during FAA-defined, cooling-performance climbs performed on three days with different ambient air temperatures. The acquired data revealed the FAA correction formula, when applied to cylinder head temperature, did not correct data to the most critical test condition, potentially leaving certified aircraft vulnerable to overheating. The acquired data showed the FAA correction formula, when applied to oil temperature, worked fairly well. Nonetheless, there was room for improvement. Thus, new temperature correction formulas were developed to predict both critical engine cylinder head and oil temperature for compliance with 14 CFR Part 23. The FAA can evaluate these correction formulas for use in 14 CFR Part 23 to ensure engine cooling performance is properly tested and general aviation aircraft remain safe from overheating.
Thrombi Produced in Stagnation Point Flows Have a Core–Shell Structure

Introduction In regions of flow separation/reattachment within diseased arteries, the local hemodynamics can result in stagnation point flow that provides an atypical environment in atherosclerosis. Impinging flows occur with recirculation eddies distal of coronary stenosis or diseased carotid bifurcations.
Karmic Imprints, Exclusion, and the Creation of the Worlds of Conventional Experience in Dharmakīrti’s Thought

Dharmakīrti’s apoha (exclusion) theory of concept formation aims to provide an account of intersubjectivity without relying on the existence of real universals. He uses the pan-Yogācāra theory of karmic imprints (vāsanā) to claim that sentient beings form concepts by treating unique particulars as if a certain subset of them had the same effects. Since this judgment of sameness depends on an individual's habits, desires, and sensory capacities, and these in turn depend on the karmic imprints developed over countless lifetimes and continuously reshaped by ongoing actions, the extent to which individuals experience themselves as acting within a shared world (or not!) depends on these imprints. However, a number of critics—traditional and contemporary—have expressed compelling doubts about whether or not apoha can be successful given Dharmakīrti's ontology which, in addition to denying universals, eventually denies the reality of even the most basic structure of conventional experience: subject/object duality. In line with the tradition he inherits, Dharmakīrti considers even the mere division of a moment of awareness into defined structures of subject and object to be a distortion shaped by beginningless karmic imprints. While this initial moment of awareness is nonconceptual, the experience of a certain world is always already shaped by the previous actions of sentient beings trapped within the web of saṃsāra, in a process driven by ignorance. Dharmakīrti’s reliance on karmic imprints on two distinct levels—one within the conventional world, and one which constitutes the conventional world—may thereby provide a compelling account of intersubjectivity without relying on universals.
A Low-Cost, Laboratory-Scale Method to Identify Regions of Microstructural Changes in Response to Dynamic Loading Conditions

This work outlines the development of a low-cost, laboratory-scale experiment method based on metal cutting techniques to support first-principles modeling of structural material responses under a range of dynamic loadings. The range of strain rates of interest is similar to that experienced in metals in advance of a cutting tool with maximum shear strains up to 4 at maximum shear strain rates up to 108 s−1. By characterizing the chips formed at the varying strain rates, regions of microstructural changes can be readily identified and stress versus strain curves of interest can be produced.
Why Public Comments Matter: The Case of the National Institutes of Health Policy on Single Institutional Review Board Review of Multicenter Studies.

PurposeIn 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) requested public comments on a draft policy requiring NIH-funded, U.S.-based investigators to use a single institutional review board (sIRB) for ethical review of multicenter studies. The authors conducted a directed content analysis and qualit
Pathologic physiology and chemotherapy of Plasmodium berghei. II. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains.

Abstract Mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei die of progressive parasitemia and anemia in about 7 days postinoculation. The blood collected from mice sacrificed on days 4, 5, 6, and 7 after inoculation revealed the following features which contrast with blood from normal noninfected mice: (1) reduction in hemoglobin content; (2) reduction in oxygen content, when blood was equilibrated with gas mixtures of 5.25, 9.84, 19.9, and 93.85% oxygen and 5.12, 5.46, 4.95, and 6.15% carbon dioxide, respectively; (3) reduction in blood pH when blood was equilibrated with the above mentioned gas mixtures; and (4) the dissociation curve for oxyhemoglobin was shifted to the right. The blood collected from the mice infected with chloroquine-resistant strain of P. berghei showed essentially the same features as the blood from the mice inoculated with the sensitive strain with the following minor difference: the anemia was more severe but the parasitemia was less intense in the mice with chloroquine-resistant strain. The dissociation curve for the oxyhemoglobin obtained from mice infected with resistant strain was between the curve from noninfected mice and the curve from mice infected with sensitive strain.
Rho kinase and Na+ /H+ exchanger mediate endothelin-1-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Excessive production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been observed in almost all forms of pulmonary hypertension. ET-1, a highly potent vasoconstrictor, can also potentiate pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) growth and migration, both of which contribute to the vascular remodeling that occurs during the development of pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidence indicates that alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi ), typically due to activation of Na+ /H+ exchange (NHE), is associated with enhanced PASMC proliferation and migration. We recently demonstrated that application of exogenous ET-1 increased NHE activity in murine PASMCs via a mechanism requiring Rho kinase (ROCK). However, whether ROCK and/or increased NHE activity mediate ET-1-induced migration and proliferation in PASMCs remains unknown. In this study, we used fluorescent microscopy in transiently cultured PASMCs from distal pulmonary arteries of the rat and the pH-sensitive dye, BCECF-AM, to measure changes in resting pHi and NHE activity induced by exposure to exogenous ET-1 (10-8 mol/L) for 24 h. Cell migration and proliferation in response to ET-1 were also measured using Transwell assays and BrdU incorporation, respectively. We found that application of exogenous ET-1 had no effect on NHE1 expression, but increased pHi , NHE activity, migration, and proliferation in rat PASMCs. Pharmacologic inhibition of NHE or ROCK prevented the ET-1-induced changes in cell function (proliferation and migration). Our results indicate that ET-1 modulates PASMC migration and proliferation via changes in pHi homeostasis through a pathway involving ROCK.
The use of kinematic and nociceptive threshold tests to discriminate between lameness phases in multiparous sows

The objective of this thesis was to determine if four tools were able to quantify differences in lameness phases in multiparous sows. The tools evaluated in this study included thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold tests, an embedded force plate and a GAITFour gait analysis walkway system. Observed results from these studies indicate that all four tools were able to quantify differences between sound and most lame phases in multiparous sows. In conclusion, this research provides additional tools that can be used to detect varying lameness states in multiparous sows.
Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk Minimization for Hazardous Materials Routing

This chapter provides fundamentals of value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk models applied to routing problems in hazardous materials transportation.
Covalent Affinity Chromatography of Acetylcholinesterase

Active site directed inhibitors of the active serine residue of the catalytic center of acetylcholinesterase can be immobilized by covalently bonding them to derivatized agarose gels. If the immobilized inhibitor is an “irreversible” inhibitor, then not only is there a high degree of specificity for acetylcholinesterase, but there is also a certain amount of stability achieved because the enzyme will be covalently bonded to the gel. These considerations prompted Ashani and Wilson (1) to design an affinity gel that had as its ligand a methylphosphonate derivative which is an active site directed irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Eq. 1 demonstrates the general features of the binding,where E is acetylcholinesterase and the -OH of E-OH is the hydroxyl group of the active serine at the esteratic site; the inhibitor is aminoethyl p-nitrophenylmethylphosphonate, R is succinyldiaminopentylagarose gel, and p-nitrophenol is the leaving group. It has been demonstrated that this immobilized methylphosphonate has good specificity for acetylcholinesterase from electric organs ofElectrophorus eZectricus,Torpedo californica, as well as for α-chymotrypsin (1, 4–7). Open image in new window
Horror, Race, and Reality

Horror is often associated with Romanticism, but during the Romantic period, many Africans and African Americans lived realities unmatched by the imagination or nightmares of authors of fiction. This selection relates slave experiences through the literature of slave narrative, historical fiction, historical account, neo-slave narrative, and film adaptation. From its analysis, readers see horrific realities experienced by people exclusively because of race. Individuals experienced both physical and psychological trauma as both victims and witnesses of physical abuse and torture from bondage, beatings, sexual assaults, and the psychological torture of family separations. This study shows how slavery’s horrors and trauma reached across time and space to manifest themselves in the neo-slave narratives and film adaptations of literary and historical selections in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user's age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity?

Abstract Compulsive social media use has repercussions on the users' social, psychological, professional, and personal lives. The availability of online romantic alternatives disguised as ‘friends’ provide a ripe environment that can facilitate an emotional and/or sexual affair. Online interactions with virtual friends consume users' attention and distract them from spending time with their significant other, which leads to adverse relationship outcomes. In this study, we examined the relationship between social media addiction and infidelity related behaviors in a sample of 365 partners (242 females, 123 males). We also explored if age influences this connection. The findings suggest that SNSs addiction predicts SNSs infidelity related behaviors and age moderates this relationship. The study also finds that a age is negatively related with SNSs addiction and SNSs related infidelity. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Monetizing the Societal Costs of Lead Health Outcomes

The societal costs of an illness include direct medical costs (plus deductibles & co-payments, personal, employer & insurance), lost productivity (often called indirect costs), out-of-pocket expe...
Sports Experiences as Funds of Knowledge for Science: College Students’ Ideas about Science in American Football

Physics and physical science content are essential for many professional fields, and they are an important component of scientific literacy. Yet, students are commonly less engaged in physics learning at all levels. Funds of knowledge approaches to science instruction build upon learners’ real-world experiences and interests in order to make science learning more relevant and engaging. This study investigates how college undergraduates’ football experiences elicit physical science content knowledge with a larger goal of developing physical science instruction that better connects to learners. This exploratory interpretive study utilized individual interviews and a focus groups with 22 college students to elicit their ideas about a variety of common football contexts: kicking, pursuit, throwing, and football deflation. The analysis identified several physical science concepts elicited by particular football scenarios, particular football experiences that could be utilized in science instruction, and some misconceptions or points of confusion about physical science concepts. Implications for curricular development, teacher education, and research are provided.
Predicting Inpatient Status After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Medicare-Aged Patients.

Abstract Background The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) removed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from its inpatient only (IPO) list as of January 1, 2018. The purpose of this study was to establish a risk-stratifying nomogram to aid in determining the need for inpatient admission among Medicare-aged patients undergoing primary TKA. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify all patients aged ≥65 years who underwent primary TKA between 2006 and 2015. The primary outcome measure was inpatient admission, as defined by hospital length of stay longer than 2 days. Multiple demographic, comorbid, and perioperative variables were incorporated in a multivariate logistic regression model to yield a risk stratification nomogram. Results Sixty-one thousand two hundred eighty-four inpatient and 26,066 outpatient admissions were analyzed. Age >80 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27, P Conclusion Our model enabled a reliable and straightforward identification of the most suitable candidates for inpatient admission in Medicare aged–patients undergoing primary TKA. Larger multicenter studies are necessary to externally validate the proposed predictive nomogram.
Impact of MYCN status on response of high-risk neuroblastoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract Background/Purpose MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma is associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype. We evaluated the association of MYCN amplification with tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Primary tumor response, assessed by percentage volume change on CT scan and degree of tumor resection, assessed by the operating surgeon, were retrospectively compared in 84 high-risk neuroblastoma patients. There were thirty-four (40%) with MYCN-amplified tumors and fifty (60%) with non-amplified tumors treated at our institution from 1999 to 2016. Metastatic disease response was assessed on MIBG scan by change in Curie score. Results MYCN-amplification was associated with a greater mean percentage reduction in primary tumor volume after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (72.27% versus 46.83% [non-amplified tumors], p = 0.001). The percentage of patients with a Curie score > 2 at diagnosis who then had a score ≤ 2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not significantly different (8 [61.5%] and 8 [34.8%], respectively, p = 0.37). Twenty-eight (85.7%) patients with MYCN-amplification had ≥ 90% surgical resection compared to 45 (91.84%) patients with non-amplified tumors (p = 0.303). Conclusions MYCN-amplification in high-risk neuroblastoma was associated with a better response of the primary tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but not metastatic sites, than in patients with non-amplified tumors. This did not significantly impact the ability to resect ≥ 90% of the primary tumor/locoregional disease. Type of Study Treatment Study Level of Evidence Level III
Thermal conductance enhanced via inelastic phonon transport by atomic vacancies at Cu/Si interfaces

Understanding and controlling heat transfer across interfaces has become an important issue for the performance of micro- and nanoscale electronics, as well as achieving a high figure of merit for thermoelectrics. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects can have a significant impact on thermal transport in bulk materials and across interfaces, but the mechanism is not well understood. In this work, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are used to determine the impact of interfacial atomic vacancies on thermal transport across a Cu/Si junction. In contrast to the reduction in thermal transport typically seen with bulk defects, we find that by introducing atomic vacancies at a concentration of 6.3% near the interface in either or both materials, the interfacial thermal conductance can be increased by up to 76%. By controlling the initial positions of the vacancies and keeping track of their movements and population, we find that interfacial thermal transport is dependent on temperature, vacancy concentration, and distribution, and a positive correlation between the conductance and point defect activities (extent of vacancy migration, rate of Frenkel defect creation and annihilation) is observed. Further calculations based on the phonon density of states and normal mode decomposition reveal that the increase in interfacial thermal conductance originates primarily from high-frequency phonons, supported by enhanced inelastic phonon transport which contributes to more than 60% of the increase. Our findings suggest a practical way to manipulate inelastic phonon conversion through the presence of defects, which provides an alternative perspective on improving thermal transport between materials with a large lattice mismatch.
Miniaturized optical fluorescence microscopy system for parallel in situ imaging

Live cell fluorescence imaging have enriched image-based screening applications with microwell plates. Here, we propose a portable system by synchronizing miniaturized microscopies and show the performance of live cell imaging inside an incubator.
Pill Ingestion and Caustic Laryngeal Injury.

SUMMARY Objective To highlight an unusual mechanism of laryngeal injury. Methods Case report and literature review. Results A 66-year-old male ingested an over-the-counter preparation of bile acids as a dietary supplement. The capsule lodged in the patient's pharynx, and he sustained a caustic injury to the supraglottic and glottic larynx. His injury was managed conservatively, and his symptoms gradually resolved over a period of 8 weeks. A follow-up laryngoscopy at 8 weeks and 6 months showed no signs of injury. A barium swallow at 8 weeks was normal at that time and videostroboscopy results normalized with resolution of the injury as well. Conclusions Caustic injury to the upper aerodigestive tract from pill ingestion is uncommon, and laryngeal injury even less so. Urgent evaluation should be undertaken, and appropriate therapies instituted promptly. Laryngeal injury can respond to conservative therapy, but there is a lack of clinical information to evaluate optimum treatment of this unusual injury.
Association of Sustained Blood Pressure Control with Lower Risk for High-Cost Multimorbidities Among Medicare Beneficiaries in ALLHAT.

Clustering of chronic conditions is associated with high healthcare costs. Sustaining blood pressure (BP) control could be a strategy to prevent high-cost multimorbidity clusters. To determine the association between sustained systolic BP (SBP) control and incident multimorbidity cluster dyads and triads. Cohort study of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) linked to Medicare claims. ALLHAT included adults with hypertension and ≥1 coronary heart disease risk factor. This analysis was restricted to 5234 participants with ≥ 8 SBP measurements during a 48-month BP assessment period. SBP control was defined as <140 mm Hg at <50%, 50 to <75%, 75 to <100%, and 100% of study visits during the BP assessment period. High-cost multimorbidity clusters included dyads (stroke/chronic kidney disease [CKD], stroke/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], stroke/heart failure [HF], stroke/asthma, COPD/CKD) and triads (stroke/CKD/asthma, stroke/CKD/COPD, stroke/CKD/depression, stroke/CKD/HF, stroke/HF/asthma) identified during follow-up. Incident dyads occurred in 1334 (26%) participants and triads occurred in 481 (9%) participants over a median follow-up of 9.2 years. Among participants with SBP control at <50%, 50 to <75%, 75 to <100%, and 100% of visits, 32%, 23%, 23%, and 19% of participants developed high-cost dyads, respectively, and 13%, 9%, 8%, and 5% of participants developed high-cost triads, respectively. Compared to those with sustained BP control at <50% of visits, adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident dyads were 0.66 (0.57, 0.75), 0.67 (0.59, 0.77), and 0.51 (0.42, 0.62) for SBP control at 50 to <75%, 75 to <100%, and 100% of visits, respectively. The corresponding HRs (95% CI) for incident triads were 0.69 (0.55, 0.85), 0.56 (0.44, 0.71), and 0.32 (0.22, 0.47). Among Medicare beneficiaries in ALLHAT, sustained SBP was associated with a lower risk of developing high-cost multimorbidity dyads and triads.