cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Organisational Culture Can Help to Institutionalise the Spirit of Innovation in Entrepreneurial Ventures

Managing the process of growth in a successful small business is a critically important task for the entrepreneur. Both the academic and practitioner press are full of advice to the entrepreneur about how to handle this process. This advice, if accepted, tends to create organisations that are more formal and bureaucratic than the entrepreneurial organisation. Too frequently, the consequence of this bureaucratisation is that the innovative spirit which contributed to much of the success of the entrepreneurial organisation is diminished. It is contended that innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit do not need to be diminished by the transformations necessitated by successful growth. By managing the growing organisation′s culture while institutionalising structural changes, the entrepreneur can maintain the entrepreneurial spirit within the business as well as successfully manage growth.
The weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model for arbitrary solution methods in radiative transfer

The weighted-sum-of-gray-gases approach for radiative transfer in nongray participating media, first developed by Hottel in the context of the zonal method, has been shown to be applicable to the general radiative equation of transfer. Within the limits of the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (nonscattering media within a black-walled enclosure), any nongray radiation problem can be solved by any desired solution method after replacing the medium by an equivalent small number of gray media with constant absorption coefficients. Some examples are presented for isothermal media and media at radiative equilibrium, using the exact integral equations as well as the popular P-1 approximation for the equivalent gray media solutions. The results demonstrate the equivalency of the method with the quadrature of spectral results, as well as the tremendous computer times savings (by a minimum of 95 percent) that are achieved.
Infection of Artemia salina by Haliphthoros milfordensis : a scanning and transmission electron microscope study

Abstract The fungus Haliphthoros milfordensis is a known pathogen of cultured lobster ( W. S. Fisher, E. H. Nilson, and R. S. Schleser, 1975 , J. Invertebr. Pathol. , 26 , 41–45) and has been isolated also from gills of the white shrimp ( T. P. Tharp and C. E. Bland, 1977 , Canad. J. Bot. 55 , 2936–2944). Because of the potential impact of this fungus on culture of commercially important marine crustacea, a model laboratory system involving Artemia salina has been devised to study aspects of its biology. This report describes light and electron microscope observations of the infection process and the internal relationship between host and parasite. Following encystment of zoospores on the exoskeleton of larvae, infection occurs via germination of the spore and penetration of the exoskeleton and epidermis by vegetative hyphae. Growth of the fungus destroys first fat and body muscles and ultimately the gut. Electron-dense material at the host-parasite interface is likely a response of the shrimp to invading fungal hyphae. Histolytic activity by the fungus is evident by the dissolution of host cytoplasm along the growing hyphal tips. Following utilization of all host tissues, hyphae grow to the exterior and the process of sporulation is initiated.
Computer Use and Organizational Effectiveness The Case of Two Intervening Variables

We explored the relationship between computer use and computer literacy, communication competence, and organizational effectiveness. Four different types of effectiveness were considered. Increased computer use generally increases computer literacy, with a corresponding gain in organizational effectiveness. Increased use also leads to a decrease in communication competence and a corresponding loss in effectiveness. The relationship between computer use and effectiveness is curvilinear. Managers are devoting increasing attention to computer technology. They may assume that only benefits will accrue from increased computer use without recognizing the organizational costs. The authors contend that adoption of one or more of the newer technologies should be approached in a systematic fashion.
The Economic Environment of Child Abuse

One of the most frequent and controversial claims made in the child abuse literature is that poverty increases the risk for child abuse. However, virtually no research has gone beyond measuring either child abuse or poverty at one point in time, despite the dynamic nature of both of these experiences. Based on 185 substantiated cases of physically abused youth, this paper examines whether poverty persistence is a significant predictor of both severe and recurrent child abuse. Results indicate that these relationships are more complicated than previous research leads us to believe. Persistent poverty has no significant effect on the severity of abuse and the observed relationship between current poverty and severity is eliminated once race is controlled. Moreover, while poverty persistence is significantly related to recurrent abuse, virtually all of this effect appears to be explained by factors associated with the stress of economic deprivation.
Enhancement of light extraction efficiency for deep ultraviolet AlGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with III-nitride microspheres

Deep ultraviolet AlGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with III-nitride microspheres on the p-type layer shows significant light extraction efficiency enhancement (>5.7 times) of the dominant transverse magnetic polarized spontaneous emission.
Rituals and Student Identity in Education: Ritual Critique for a New Pedagogy

By now educational studies scholars are quite familiar with the critique of neoliberal influences in educational institutions and the call for schools to be infused with more robust democratic sens...
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study in a single center over a 13 years period

Results 74 cases were included, 78.3% females. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.9 years, 54% were children of age 6-10 years and 35.1% were of age 11-14 years. The most frequent pre-diagnosis manifestations were fever, arthralgias, asthenia, adinamia, weight loss, headaches and anorexia. The four most frequent classification criteria were a positive ANA (91.7%), positive immunoserology (95.9%), cytopenia (75.7%) and nephritis (58.1%). The main complications were associated to nephritis (58.1%), central nervous system (40.5%) and infection (24.3%). Seventy cases had flares, in relation with nephritis (35.7%), malar rash (27,1%), arthritis (20%), vasculitis (15.7%), serositis (11.4%) and cytopenias (10%). Fifteen children died (20.3%), due to septic shock, chronic renal insufficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, cerebral infarct, lung hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalitis, antiphospholipid syndrome and renal thrombosis. Death occurs a mean of 2.5 years (9 days to 7.9 years) after diagnosis. Conclusions A group of 74 children with JSLE were evaluated, most of them female. Half of the cases developed nephritis. A fifth of the cases died during the study period, mainly from infection. The analysis of the studied group allows us to obtain clinical information crucial to define diagnosis and treatment guidelines and develop medical education material.
Structure-driven retention model for solvent selection and optimization in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography

Abstract A new approach to method development in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography is proposed based on the use of calculations employing the solvation parameter model. System constants are provided for aqueous binary mobile phase mixtures containing the organic solvents methanol, 2-propanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile on a cyanopropylsiloxane-bonded layer. Good agreement between experimental and predicted RF values (±0.03 RF units) for steroids, phenols and naphthalene derivatives is demonstrated for mobile phase optimization.
Abstract 2992: Zoledronic acid inhibits angiogenesis through Rac1 inactivation in ovarian cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is a complex and crucial process for tumor growth and development of metastasis. Rac1, a member of the Rho GTPase family, plays a central role in angiogenesis through regulation of endothelial cell migration, tube formation, adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. In this study we hypothesized that zoledronic acid (ZA) inhibits ovarian cancer angiogenesis through the inactivation of Rac1. Methods We treated HeyA8 MDR and Ovcar-5 cells with ZA to assess its effects on cell invasion, proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; Milliplex assay) and angiogenic factors. We also determined Rac1 activation by pull-down assay. HeyA8 MDR and Ovcar-5 orthotopic murine models of ovarian cancer were assessed for expression of CD31 and Ki-67, Rac1 activation, and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry after treatment with ZA, nanoparticle, albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), or a combination. Results In vitro, we observed inhibition of HeyA8 MDR and Ovcar-5 cell invasion and proliferation by ZA. Moreover, ZA decreased the secretion of MMP-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in HeyA8 MDR cells and MMP-9, MMP-10, VEGF-C, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, endothelin-1, follistatin, interleukin-8, placenta growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor in Ovcar-5 cells. Furthermore, ZA inactivated Rac1 in both cells lines. In vivo, ZA decreased the number of nodules and tumor weight, inhibited angiogenesis and cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in both HeyA8 MDR and Ovcar-5 animal models. These in vivo antitumor effects were enhanced in both models when ZA was combined with nab-paclitaxel. Conclusion ZA inhibits ovarian cancer angiogenesis through the inactivation of Rac1, suggesting that ZA combined with paclitaxel could be a novel therapeutic approach to ovarian cancer angiogenesis. Citation Format: Viany Gonzalez-Villasana, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Enrique Fuentes-Mattei, Sunila Pradeep, Cristina Ivan, Anil K. Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein. Zoledronic acid inhibits angiogenesis through Rac1 inactivation in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2992. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2992
Semiclassical modeling of the states and spectra of para helium singlets with an algebraic formula for excited states

Highly accurate energy states and spectra are deduced for para helium singlets from a new semiclassical model of two-electron atoms. The required computer methodology is simple and economical, with no computation requiring more than one second on a DEC-20 mainframe. An explicit algebraic formula results for states in which only one electron is excited.
An implicit three-dimensional finite-element formulation for long-duration structural analysis of piping systems

Abstract This paper describes an implicit three-dimensional finite-element formulation for the structural analysis of reactor piping systems. The numerical algorithm considers hoop, flexural, axial, and torsion modes of the piping structures. It is unconditionally stable and can be used for calculation of piping response under static or long duration dynamic loads. The method uses a predictor-corrector, successive iterative scheme which satisfies the equilibrium equations. A set of stiffness equations representing the discretized equations of motion are derived to predict the displacement increments. The calculated displacement increments are then used to correct the element nodal forces. The algorithm is fairly general, and is capable of treating large displacements and elastic-plastic materials with thermal and strain-rate effects. The implicit-time integration scheme described herein has been incorporated into the three-dimensional piping code SHAPS. Two sample problems are presented to illustrate the analysis. The first problem deals with a dynamic analysis of a pipe-elbow loop. The second problem studies the piping response to seismic excitation. The results are discussed in detail.
Eggshell Quality and Egg Weight of Late-cycle Broiler Breeders on One or Two-stage Feeding Programs

Abstract Hess, J.B., Lien, R.J. and Berry, W.D. 2003. Eggshell quality and egg weight of late-cycle broiler breeders on one or two-stage feeding programs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 145–152. To determine effects of diet on late cycle eggshell quality, broiler breeders were provided a standard breeder feed (one stage program) or a lower protein, lower methionine, lower phosphorus, higher calcium feed (two stage program) from 45 to 65 weeks of age. Equal daily allotments of each feed were provided to 8pens of 15 hens per program. Although there was no measurable reduction in egg production in hens fed the two stage program, hen body weights did increase relative to the one stage program. The two stage program did not limit increase in egg weight. Eggshell quality variables did not decrease as much with age as expected and were not influenced by feed treatment. Under these conditions, the lower ingredient costs of the two stage program reduced feed cost with little loss in performance.
Photoexcited-carrier-induced refractive index change in small bandgap semiconductors

Using accurate band structures of InAs, InSb, and two Hg1−xCdxTe alloys, we calculate the change in refractive index caused by the photoexcited electrons and holes. The effects of both free-carrier absorption (FCA) and one-photon absorption are considered. We find that the change in refractive index varies nonlinearly with the density of photoexcited carriers and that the generally neglected FCA contribution is significant in InAs, owing to its weak spin-orbit coupling.
Laser-excited Mach cones in a dusty plasma crystal

Experimental studies of the formation and structure of Mach cones in a plasma crystal are presented. Plasma crystals are ordered structures of charged microspheres trapped in the sheath of an rf discharge plasma. Using a monolayer crystal with a hexagonal lattice, Mach cones were excited by the radiation pressure of a focused laser beam. The beam was swept at a supersonic speed through the crystal, in a controlled and repeatable manner. A multiple Mach cone structure was observed, with at least three distinct Mach cones. The Mach angle relation was verified over a wide range of Mach numbers, for both the first and second cones. The sound speed, measured from the first Mach angle, was found to increase with the particle number density. Two methods of determining the particle charge and screening distance are developed, making use of the sound speed and an assumption of a Yukawa interparticle potential. Molecular-dynamics simulations of the experiment were carried out, using a monolayer of particles interacting through a Yukawa potential, and these show close agreement with the experiment.
Protection oi rotating A-C machines against traveling wave voltages

PROTECTION of rotating a-c machines against traveling wave voltages divides itself into 2 problems: protection of insulation to ground against impulse overvoltages and protection of the turn insulation against steep wave fronts. The impulse insulation strength of the machine to ground is assumed equal to approximately 2 times the terminal-to-terminal crest voltage (2.12E). The turn insulation strength is given in curve form and varies with machine kva and speed.
Technique of Single-Stage Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta With Ventricular Septal Defect

The results of single-stage and two-stage repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) have improved, but the optimal treatment strategy remains controversial. This article emphasizes the technical details for performing the single-stage repair of CoA with VSD and compares the results of this technique with the two-stage approach. A retrospective analysis of 46 patients who underwent completed surgical repair of CoA with VSD at Children's Hospital of Michigan, either using the single-stage (N = 23) or the two-stage (N = 23) techniques, was performed. The postoperative complications, hospital mortality, freedom from cardiac re-interventions, and actuarial survival were the same in both groups. The advantages of single-stage over two-stage repair include an earlier age at completion of repair, fewer operations, and fewer incisions. The one disadvantage of a single-stage repair was the increased need for delayed sternal closure compared with the two-stage approach, but this disadvantage has been neutralized in the recent era.
Remote sensing of temperate coniferous forest leaf area index The influence of canopy closure, understory vegetation and background reflectance

Consideration is given to the effects of canopy closure, understory vegetation, and background reflectance on the relationship between Landsat TM data and the leaf area index (LAI) of temperate coniferous forests in the western U.S. A methodology for correcting TM data for atmospheric conditions and sun-surface-sensor geometry is discussed. Strong inverse curvilinear relationships were found between coniferous forest LAI and TM bands 3 and 5. It is suggested that these inverse relationships are due to increased reflectance of understory vegetation and background in open stands of lower LAI and decreased reflectance of the overstory in closed canopy stands with higher LAI.
Interactions of Cholesterol and Cholesterol Sulfate with Free Fatty Acids: Possible Relevance for the Pathogenesis of Recessive X-Linked Ichthyosis

Whereas the stratum corneum contains large amounts of unesterified cholesterol and minimal amounts of cholesterol sulfate, in recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI), levels of cholesterol decrease while cholesterol sulfate content increases. To study the molecular basis for abnormal shedding in RXLI, we compared the interaction of cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate with the free fatty acid, hexadecanoic acid, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While cholesterol and the free fatty acid formed a eutectic mixture, such an interaction did not occur upon mixing of cholesterol sulfate with hexadecanoic acid. In addition, and unexpectedly, free cholesterol appeared to undergo progressive autoxidation during repeated DSC measurements at only slightly supraphysiologic temperatures. These studies may provide a molecular mechanism for the abnormal desquamation that occurs in RXLI. The regular formation of oxidation products of cholesterol observed here, if matched by equivalent molecular events in vivo, may have important implications for epidermal pathophysiology.
Noninvasive Three-Dimensional Computer Imaging of Matrix-Filled Fossil Skulls by High-Resolution Computed Tomography

A noninvasive computer imaging technique allows three-dimensional images of fossil skulls to be generated from two-dimensional serial computerized tomographic scan data. The computer programs can "dissect" the skull in different planes by making portions of it and any obstructing matrix transparent in order to reveal intracranial morphology. The computer image is geometrically precise so that linear distances, angles, areas, volumes, and evaluations of symmetry can be determined.
Microscopic studies of the periodontium of the primary dentition of monkeys. I. Anterior teeth during the mixed dentitional period

Abstract 1. 1. The changes occurring to the supporting apparatus of the primary molar teeth during the mixed dentitional period were studied by various stains. The jaws and teeth were fixed in a modified Bouin's fixative, decalcified, dehydrated, and embedded in nitrocellulose in the usual manner. 2. 2. The microscopic appearance of the gingivae varied from normal to severe gingivitis. Calculus deposits were a constant finding whenever gingivitis was present. 3. 3. During this active stage, lowering of the crest, apical migration of the epithelial attachment, and root resorption of the molar teeth occur which, in conjunction with the masticatory forces, lead to secondary occlusal trauma. 4. 4. The effect of secondary occlusal trauma is upon the interradicular area which undergoes bone and tooth loss with disorganization of the periodontal membrane. 5. 5. In the period of rest, repair may take place by the deposition of both bone and cementum. With continual deposition of bone and cementum, ankylosis may develop leading to the condition of submerged molars.
Influence of linear equality constraints on object restoration in incoherent light

We investigate how prior knowledge of the object in the form of linear equality constraints influences the inverse problem of incoherently illuminated object reconstruction by using an elimination method in the context of least squares by regularized singular-value decomposition. Some representative numerical calculations that use noisy images were carried out to illustrate the analysis. When compared with the corresponding unconstrained inversion it appears that the linear constrained inverse does not seem to be any better when viewed in the global sense.
Factors influencing the choice between founder versus non-founder CEOs for IPO firms

Abstract Despite the innate advantage founder CEOs have by virtue of their founding vision, organizational influence, positive image, and ownership stakes to lead their firms at their initial public offering (IPO), extant empirical evidence indicates that between a third to half of IPO firms go public with non-founder CEOs at the helm. Relatively little however, is known regarding factors that influence the choice of founder versus non-founder CEO for firms issuing IPOs. This study examines the impact of factors such as founder characteristics, size of founding team, governance structure, ownership structure, top management team independence, venture capitalist influence, and the demand for equity financing on the probability of founder CEO at IPO.
Exciton luminescence in MQW based photonic crystals

The paper is concerned with the exciton luminescence in 1D resonant photonic crystals based on multiple quantum wells. The structure of the luminescence spectrum is analyzed with the help of an original approach allowing one to take into account an arbitrary spatial periodic distribution of the refractive index of the structure. The dependence of the spectral distribution of the intensity on the period of the structure is analyzed and compared with the experimental data. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the comparative evolution of Ganymede and Callisto

The paper examines the differences in the apparent ages of the surfaces of Ganymede and Callisto revealed by Voyager images. The differences could be due to the persistence of tectonic activity on Ganymede beyond the time of early, heavy bombardment. The slightly greater radioactive content expected in Ganymede could prolong such activity by 0.5 million years beyond the cessation of endogenic surface activity on Callisto. It is concluded that if the different ages of the surfaces of Ganymede and Callisto are due to differences in internal evolution, the slightly higher radioactive content of Ganymede is the most likely cause; tidal dissipation could not have been important for Ganymede for more than 10 to the 8th power years, and it was never important for Callisto.
Evolution of Santa Barbara Basin-Western Transverse Ranges, California: ABSTRACT

The modern Santa Barbara basin displays the east-west structural grain of the Transverse Ranges. Plate-tectonic theory suggests this grain evolved late in Tertiary time. However, Paleogene and early Neogene paleostructural and paleogeographic reconstructions suggest an Early-Middle Tertiary inception of the western Transverse Range province. Episodic diastrophism indicates that this evolution was also irregular. Generally northwest-trending Paleocene shorelines in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains have been mapped by Campbell and Yerkes. This earliest Tertiary record is largely missing in the western Transverse Ranges, However, by middle to late Eocene time, a more westerly alignment is evidenced by the southward "flowing" proximal submarine fans of the Matilija End_Page 778------------------------------ and Sacate Formations. That this westerly shift continued is documented by Oligocene (Sespe) isopach trends and paleocurrent-slope indicators. In late Paleogene-early Neogene time, Vaqueros sands, unconformably overlying the nonmarine Sespe, were winnowed over time-persistent, east-west structural highs. The culmination of the development of the western Transverse Ranges is marked by middle Miocene rifting, foundering, and volcanism. Deep-basin sedimentation essentially began with this event. The synclinal distribution of late Miocene turbidite sands is evidence for the continued growth of the early formed structural highs. Late Neogene sediments within the Santa Clara graben offer a classical example of structurally controlled sedimentation. Pleistocene and Holocene submarine-fan deposits reflect the impingement of the westward-plunging Montalvo anticlinorium. Contrasting northern and southern shelf deposits of similar age also are controlled by early formed structural trends. Many of these structures are the oil and gas fields of the modern Santa Barbara basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 779------------
Leukemia as compensable radiation injury. A plan for insurance against late sequelae of small irradiations.

Besides the gross immediate industrial accidents that occur in nuclear industry, there are the delayed injuries to health, which can best be indemnified by some sort of insurance. The best understood of these late sequelae of irradiation is leukemia. A scheme for reasonable compensation for leukemia is presented. It would cost the em tivity of Precipitation, Snowfall, and Grasses.) Reinhold Reiter. Stuttgart, Friedrich-Karl Schattauer -Verlag, 1960. 79p. A complete and clear report is given of studies made over a period of several years of the natural and artificial radioactivity aerosol in the Alps. The transient and spatial variations of the aerosol activity and their relationships to local and regional meteorological processes and conditions were studied. Special emphasis was given to problems present in the Alpine region, to the solution of these problems, and to those results which have more than regional significance. The measurements made were determinations of the artificial and natural air radioactivity, of the air impurities, of the artificial radioactivity in precipitation and grasses, and the radioactive deposition from snow and ice surfaces. The measurement results are shown in tabular and graphical form and the practical consequences are discussed. (J.S.R.) ployees about 1/20 of 1% of their paymore » and cost the employer about 0.001% of the payroll. Indemnification for the other late sequelae, cancer and life shortening, could be managed in similar fashion. The exposure to risk is not a compensable injury unless or until it eventuates in injury.« less
Skin pathology in the Cretaceous: Evidence for probable failed predation in a dinosaur

Abstract Examination of preserved skin from a duckbill dinosaur revealed disruption of the normal scale pattern and replacement by granulation tissue. Wrinkles radiating outward from the scar document wound contraction similar to that seen in modern injuries. This is the first unequivocal report of dinosaur tissue response to dermal pathology and evidences behavior – escape from a predator.
Long-term effects of brief substance use interventions for mandated college students: sleeper effects of an in-person personal feedback intervention.

Background: It is known that brief interventions for mandated college students decrease alcohol use and/or related problems in the short term. However, none of the existing studies has followed students' past 6 months. Therefore, we compared the long-term efficacy of 2 brief substance use feedback interventions for mandated college students. Methods: We followed up mandated students (N=348) who were randomly assigned to either a brief motivational interview (BMI; n=180) or a written feedback-only (WF; n=168) intervention at 4 months and 15 months postintervention. Results: Long-term follow-up data revealed that students, at the aggregate level, decreased their peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, number of drinks per week, and number of alcohol-related problems at 15 months postintervention compared with their baseline levels. With the exception of peak BAC, the observed long-term reduction was mainly due to the positive change among students who received the BMI intervention. Students in the BMI intervention showed significantly lower levels of alcohol-related problems at 15 months than those in the WF intervention. The BMI intervention more effectively reduced within-individual alcohol-related problems during the initial 4 months, and more successfully curbed the subsequent increase in alcohol use frequency and number of drinks per week during the 11 months between the 2 follow-up assessments. Conclusions: The results suggest that brief substance use interventions reduce the riskiest type of alcohol use (e.g., peak BAC) among mandated college students over the long term, and that sleeper effects of in-person personal feedback interventions (PFIs) exist. In-person PFIs in the context of a motivational interview may be more efficacious in the long term than written feedback-only interventions for mandated students. Future studies comparing interventions for college students should extend follow-up for longer periods of time.
The institutionalization of organizational ethics

The institutionalization of ethics is an important task for today's organizations if they are to effectively counteract the increasingly frequent occurrences of blatantly unethical and often illegal behavior within large and often highly respected organizations. This article discusses the importance of institutionalizing organizational ethics and emphasizes the importance of several variables (psychological contract, organizational commitment, and an ethically-oriented culture) to the institutionalization of ethics within any organization.
Imidacloprid/moxidectin topical solution for the prevention of heartworm disease and the treatment and control of flea and intestinal nematodes of cats.

Abstract Sixteen controlled laboratory studies, involving 420 kittens and cats, were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied formulations of imidacloprid and moxidectin for the prevention of feline heartworm disease, treatment of flea infestations and treatment and control of intestinal nematodes. Unit-dose applicators and the dosing schedule used in these studies were designed to provide a minimum of 10 mg imidacloprid and 1 mg moxidectin/kg. Treatments were applied topically by parting the hair at the base of the skull and applying the solution on the skin. Imidacloprid treatment alone did not display activity against Dirofilaria immitis or intestinal nematodes and moxidectin treatment alone provided little or no activity against adult Ctenocephalides felis infestations. The formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin was 100% efficacious against the development of adult D. immitis infections when cats were treated 30 days after inoculation with third-stage larvae. A single treatment with this formulation also provided 88.4–100% control of adult C. felis for 35 days. Imidacloprid/moxidectin was 100% efficacious against adult Toxocara cati and 91.0–98.3% efficacious against immature adults and fourth-stage T. cati larvae. The formulation provided 98.8–100% efficacy against adult Ancylostoma and immature adults and third-stage A. tubaeforme larvae. Monthly topical application with 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin is convenient, efficacious and safe for the prevention of feline heartworm disease, treatment of flea infestation and for the treatment and control of intestinal nematode infections of cats.
MicroRNA: A New Player for Cancer Chemoprevention.

In 2012, a total of 1,638,910 new cases and 577,190 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States [1]. From 2004 to 2008, the overall cancer death rate was decreased by 1.8% in men versus 1.6% in women yearly, which may result from the successful implementation of early detection, treatment, and prevention methods [1]. Although its potential has not yet been fully realized, chemoprevention by using pharmaceuticals (e.g. anti-inflammatory drugs) to retard or reverse the process of carcinogenesis and progression of cancer has been recognized to benefit individuals with precancerous lesions or with genetic susceptibility to cancer [2-4]. The concept of chemoprevention encompasses all stages of disease progression including the prevention of tumor initiation through DNA repair, detoxification, free-radical scavenging, and carcinogen metabolism; prevention of tumor promotion by inhibiting proliferation or inducing differentiation or apoptosis; and the inhibition of tumor progression by suppressing tumor cell invasion and metastasis [5].
Saddlepoint-based Bootstrap Inference for Quadratic Estimating Equations

. We propose an easy to implement method for making small sample parametric inference about the root of an estimating equation expressible as a quadratic form in normal random variables. It is based on saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of the estimating equation whose unique root is a parameter's maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), while substituting conditional MLEs for the remaining (nuisance) parameters. Monotoncity of the estimating equation in its parameter argument enables us to relate these approximations to those for the estimator of interest. The proposed method is equivalent to a parametric bootstrap percentile approach where Monte Carlo simulation is replaced by saddlepoint approximation. It finds applications in many areas of statistics including, nonlinear regression, time series analysis, inference on ratios of regression parameters in linear models and calibration. We demonstrate the method in the context of some classical examples from nonlinear regression models and ratios of regression parameter problems. Simulation results for these show that the proposed method, apart from being generally easier to implement, yields confidence intervals with lengths and coverage probabilities that compare favourably with those obtained from several competing methods proposed in the literature over the past half-century.
N-Alkylated derivatives of [d-Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) are high affinity partial agonists at the cloned rat κ-opioid receptor

Abstract As part of an effort to develop peptides with selective κ-opioid antagonist activity, a series of N-alkylated [ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) derivatives were made through solid-phase peptide synthesis: R-Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–Leu–Arg–Arg–Ile–Arg- d -Pro–LysOH, where R=N-benzyl, N-cyclopropylmethyl, N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl, or N,N-diallyl. These derivatives and dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 were evaluated for κ-opioid receptor binding affinity and potency as inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase. Equilibrium competition binding experiments using [ 3 H ]diprenorphine (≈600 pM) were performed on membranes prepared from cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the rat κ-opioid receptor. Tissue prepared from this cell line was used to evaluate opioid peptide inhibition of forskolin-stimulated (50 μM) adenylyl cyclase activity. Displacement of [ 3 H ]diprenorphine specific binding by these peptides was observed with a rank order of affinity (Ki, nM)=[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) (0.13)>dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 (0.34)>N-cyclopropylmethyl- (1.4)>N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- (12.6)≈N-benzyl- (18.3)≈N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1–11) (26.0). A similar rank order was observed for potency of adenylyl cyclase inhibition (IC50, nM): [ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) (0.12)≈dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 (0.19)>N-cyclopropylmethyl- (2.7)>N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- (13.2)≈N,N-diallyl- (18.0)≈N-benzyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) (36.4). The peptides differed in their percent maximal inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity: dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 (100%)≈N-cyclopropylmethyl- (94.3%)≈[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) (87.9%)>N-benzyl- (71.4%)≫N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- (23.6%)≈N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) (18.9%). As the N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- and N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) derivatives were found to have only weak partial agonist activity with respect to adenylyl cyclase inhibition, they were evaluated for their ability to reverse dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 (10 nM) inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- and N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) reversed dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 inhibition to levels equal to the maximal inhibition produced by N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- and N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) alone. This weak partial agonism combined with nanomolar potency render the N,N-dicyclopropylmethyl- and N,N-diallyl-[ d -Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) compounds promising leads for further attempts to synthesize peptide κ-opioid receptor antagonists.
Journalistic bias toward new religious movements in Australia

Abstract Earlier research in America and elsewhere has shown considerable bias and misinformation in media coverage of so‐called “new religions”; (sometimes referred to as ‘cults'). This paper reports mostly qualitative research which raises questions about the overall objectivity and neutrality of journalists covering such groups. The paper includes discussion of specific episodes of media bias concerning new and minority religions in Australia, as well as other research from that country. A situation which involved an Australian journalist facing ethics charges in relation to a story written about a number of groups referred to as ‘cults’ is included, as a development with implications about how journalists treat such phenomena.
Stability Analysis in Face Milling Operations, Part 2: Experimental Validation and Influencing Factors

This paper presents rigorous experimental validation results of the stability algorithm as developed in the Part 1. The two experiments which will be presented here focus on; first, a workpiece whose vibrational modes constitute the weakest part of the overall system, and second, a machine tool whose vibrational modes are the weakest part of the system. Next, it discusses some of the influencing factors that affect the onset of chatter in face milling processes. The factors considered include cutting conditions, entry and exit angles, axial dynamics, cutter geometry, material properties and structural dynamic parameters. Lastly, it presents the effect of structural dynamic change under operating condition on stability lobes.
Phenomenological Mass-Splitting Parameters and a Current-Current Theory

Deviations from the Gell-Mann---Okubo formula for various multiplets of elementary particles are predicted by saturating an energy-momentum tensor of the Sugawara type by octet states.
Learning recursion as a concept and as a programming technique

Two experiments on learning recursion and iteration were carried out. The first studied learning of the mathematical concept of recursion by having subjects compute mathematical functions by analogy to worked out examples. The results suggest that subjects are quite able to induce a computational procedure for both iterative and recursive functions from examples. Furthermore, prior practice with iterative examples does not seem to facilitate subsequent performance on similar recursive problems, nor does prior practice with recursive examples facilitate performance on iterative problems. The second experiment studied novice subjects' comprehension of iterative and recursive Pascal programs. Comprehension of the iterative program was not improved by prior exposure to the recursive version of the program. Comprehension of the recursive version was improved moderately by prior work with the iterative version.
The (new) new synthesis and epigenetic capacitors of morphological evolution

A new study shows that the piRNA-binding protein Piwi interacts with Hsp90 and suppresses phenotypic variation in Drosophila melanogaster by preventing the expression of hidden epigenetic variation. This suggests that Hsp90 and Piwi function are dampened in times of stress to increase genetic and epigenetic variability, providing a last-ditch mechanism for a species to survive.
IMPERFECT SQUEEZING FLOW VISCOSIMETRY OF NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS – THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Imperfect squeezing flow viscosimetry is an experimental procedure based on pressing a liquid specimen in a shallow container by a wide plate. Unlike in proper squeezing flow viscosimetry the specimen does not have a perfect cylindrical shape. Consequently, the flow regime is affected by factors other than squeezing and hence the name. Newtonian fluids, silicone oils of known viscosity and two honeys, were employed to evaluate the roles of the hydrostatic pressure and entry effects on the method's performance. Because of these, the shape of the initial part of the flow curve differs significantly from the ideal and it appears that a fully developed squeezing flow is only reached after a penetration of several millimeters. The magnitude of the viscosity calculated through nonlinear regression is extremely sensitive to the mathematical model used. Thus, added terms, to account for secondary effects, which improve the fit almost to perfection, can also result in a substantial error – or underestimate of the viscosity. Theoretical analysis shows that with a sensor of a size of Petri dish (plate and container diameters on the order of 120 and 140 mm respectively, and a specimen height on the order of 5 mm) the method is only suitable for fluids whose viscosity is in excess of about 100 Pa.s. Nevertheless, the method was still sensitive enough to monitor differences in the viscosity of commercial honeys which was merely on the order of 5–10 Pa.s at ambient temperature.
Destruction of Kupffer cells increases survival and reduces graft injury after transplantation of fatty livers from ethanol‐treated rats

This study investigated the role of Kupffer cells on survival and graft injury in transplanted fatty livers from rats treated acutely with ethanol. Donor rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg, by mouth) 20 hours before explantation, and liver grafts were preserved in University of Wisconsin cold storage solution for 24 to 42 hours prior to implantation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava for 3 hours after implantation. During this time, serum aspartate transaminase levels increased gradually from 122 U/L to 597 U/L in control rats, while ethanol treatment elevated values to 2,278 U/L. Gadolinium chloride (20 mg/kg, given intravenously to recipients 24 hours before explantation), a selective inactivator of Kupffer cells, minimized the increase in aspartate transaminase levels significantly. After implantation of grafts cold-stored for 42 hours, survival rates were 88% in control rats but only 33% in ethanol-treated rats. Gadolinium chloride improved survival nearly to control values. Ethanol nearly doubled white blood cell adhesion, an effect also largely blocked by gadolinium chloride. Further, alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxid)-N-tert-butylnitrone radical adducts detected in the bile were increased twofold by ethanol treatment. This effect was also reversed by gadolinium chloride. Taken together, these data indicate that survival is poorer and graft injury is greater in fatty livers from ethanol-treated rats. Inactivation of Kupffer cells minimized graft damage, most likely by improving hepatic microcirculation and diminishing lipid peroxidation.
Gross substitutes and immiserizing growth

Abstract In a pure exchange economy immiserizing growth occurs when an increase in the endowment of one trader results in a new equilibrium where that trader has lower utility. This paper demonstrates that such perverse behavior is ruled out when excess demands satisfy a particular gross substitute condition.
Variations in global mean sea level associated with the 1997–1998 ENSO event: Implications for measuring long term sea level change

The TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite has observed variations in global mean sea level with a precision of 4 mm at 10-day intervals since late 1992. During the 1997–1998 ENSO event, a 20 mm rise, and subsequent fall, of mean sea level was observed. These changes are well correlated with global mean sea surface temperature anomalies, which exhibit a similar response for every major ENSO event since 1981, suggesting the observed mean sea level change is mostly caused by thermal expansion. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis of the altimeter-derived sea level maps also suggests a connection with ENSO. We observed the same signal in global mean dynamic heights of the MOM2 ocean model and in anomalies of global mean precipitable water vapor. The presence of ENSO-variability in global mean sea level suggests that detecting the much smaller sea level variations associated with climate change will require at least a decade of precise altimeter measurements.
Feasibility of using radio relay in low tier wireless local loop systems

Abstract Low tier wireless local loop systems offer great promise for the delivery of basic telephone service in developing nations. In some cases, though, the lack of cable plant needed to interconnect system elements may be a serious impediment. Four radio relay alternatives to cable-based interconnection are described, and the feasibility of each is examined. Economic feasibility is assessed by estimating the required investments. Radio spectrum requirements are also estimated.
Valganciclovir: oral prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus in the immunocompromised host

Herpes virus infections, particularly those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), lead to significant and, sometimes severe, clinical problems for the immunocompromised host. As effective agents have become available, several treatment and prevention strategies have evolved over the past decade, first in intra-venous form and more recently, as oral preparations. Valganciclovir, the valine ester of ganciclovir, is an orally administered, potent, antiviral agent active against all herpes viruses. When taken orally, valganciclovir has much-improved bioavailability compared with oral ganciclovir and achieves ganciclovir exposures similar to intravenous ganciclovir. Clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of valganciclovir for the treatment of new AIDS-associated CMV retinitis showed equivalency to intravenous ganciclovir and prevented progression of quiescent disease. In solid organ recipients, once-daily valganciclovir has been proven equivalent to oral ganciclovir for the prevention of CMV infection. The high bioavailability and convenient dosing formulation make valganciclovir an attractive option for these indications.
Pulmonary Plasminogen-Activator Activity in Hyaline Membrane Disease: A Reevaluation on Human, Bovine, and Rabbit Fibrin Substrates

Pulmonary Plasminogen-Activator Activity in Hyaline Membrane Disease: A Reevaluation on Human, Bovine, and Rabbit Fibrin Substrates
From ‘conventional lies’ to conventional myths: Max Nordau's approach to Zionism

Le reformisme social de Max Nordau se developpe pleinement a partir du milieu des annees 1880. En meme temps, il devient subordonne a son activisme sionisme. Le sionisme de Nordau est teinte de darwinisme et ainsi plus obscur que celui de Herzl. Tous les deux croyaient neanmoins que l'antisemitisme etait une maladie incurable du corps politique europeen. Par consequent, les Juifs d'Europe centrale n'avaient qu'une seule solution: quitter leur patrie. Des avant le declenchement de la premiere guerre mondiale, le pessimisme de Nordau se fait imprecateur sur les calamites a venir