cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin-mediated trophic effects on the rat duodenum: the role of polyamines.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the initial rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. The relationship between ODC and polyamines and the trophic effect of prosta- glandin in the rat gastrointestinal tract are unknown. In these studies we determined whether inhibition of ODC activity and subsequent polyamine biosynthesis with the specific enzyme inhibitor difluoromethyornithine (DFMO) would attenuate prostaglandin-mediated trophic effects in the rat duodenum. Significant increases in duodenal mucosal wet weight, RNA, DNA, and protein were found following treatment with 16,l 6-dimethyl-PGE2 ( 1 mg/kg) for 1 week. This trophic response was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the duodenum of rats treated concomitantly with DFMO. In addition, this prostenoid significantly increased (4X) duodenal ODC levels, 2 hr following acute administration. These results suggest that polyamines are required for the prostaglandin-stimulated growth of the rat duodenal mucosa. o 1988 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
A low-power dual-modulus injection-locked frequency divider for medical implants

In this paper, we propose a low-power dual-modulus injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) based on a relaxation oscillator, which is shown to be suitable for injection-locked frequency divider design. By varying the center frequency based on the modulus control bit, the divider can achieve different division ratios. For validation, two dual-modulus ILFDs which can achieve different division ratios such 2/3, 3/4, 4/5 are simulated in a 90 nm CMOS process technology with two tuning methods. The divider covers the frequency range of the medical implant communications service (MICS) and the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands for low power applications.
The Influence of MexicoﾒS Mixed-Member Electoral System on Legislative Behavior and Agenda Control

The emergence of mixed-member electoral systems across the globe has been an attempt to balance local types of representation through single-member districts with programmatic, partisan representation through proportional representation lists within a single legislative body. What are the consequences for legislative behavior in these electoral systems? I attempt to answer this question through a case study of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies from 2000-2009. I examine the impact of the mixed-member electoral system on party discipline, the participation of individual legislators, and on legislative organization. The data for this study comes from an analysis of all recorded roll call votes from 2000-2009, as well as data on committee assignments.
Equality, Contingency and the Self: Resolving the Conflict between Equality and Individualism in Modern Legal Thought

In 1793, at the height of the French Revolution and while in hiding from the revolutionary forces which he had once supported, Antoine-Nicolas de Condorcet, a French aristocrat of liberal sensibilities, wrote his Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind. The Sketch is a brilliant if visionary work, a synoptic and evolutionary theory of the development of political and social institutions from the beginning of history to Condorcet's own time. In this work Condorcet set as the ultimate goal of civilization the promotion of a Areal equality which he called the final end of the social art. So thorough-going was Condorcet's conception of equality of condition that he insisted that even the effects of the natural differences between men will be mitigated. Through our political institutions we should be able, he submitted, to eradicate not only the illegitimate affects of social class and economic disparity, but the differential effects of the natural lottery itself.
Therapy for Enteric Hyperoxaluria: A Comparison of Calcium Supplementation and Urinary Alkalinization

Of the commonly considered factors causatively related to calcium oxalate stone formation; urinary pH, inhibitor factors, urinary volume, levels of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, it appears at the present time that the level of urinary oxalate is the factor most significantly responsible for stone formation1. Such being the case, it is intuitively reasonable to consider with particular interest any patients having a predisposition toward the hyperoxaluric state. No large group of patients is better suited for such a study than are those who have enteric hyperoxaluria. Since 1972 we have had occasion to study 681 patients who have had a small bowel bypass procedure performed for reasons of morbid obesity.
Approximate Analytical Methods

This chapter presents an overview of the approximate analytical methods for finding approximate solutions for a differential equation. Sometimes an exact solution cannot be obtained for a differential equation and an approximate solution must be found. Other times, an approximate solution may convey more information than an exact solution. There are essentially two types of approximations: (1) those that give an approximation over a range of the independent variable and (2) those that give an approximation only near a single point. Approximations of the second type are more common.
Overwinter Survival of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Southern Texas: Entrapment in Desiccated Bolls

Research conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas demonstrated the significance of cotton residue as potential overwintering habitat for boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Observations of boll weevil cohorts under laboratory conditions demonstrated the ability of immature stages to complete development within desiccating bolls, and following eclosion, the ability of adults to survive considerable periods of entrapment (up to 3 mol within desiccated bolls with little or no adverse effects on the reproductive system. Field surveys conducted during 1985 revealed: (1) significant densities of boll weevils overwintering in freeze-killed cotton regrowth between 25 January (54,000 per ha, 94.6% immature stages) and 5 April (200 per ha, 100% adults), and (2)a significant emergence of adult boll weevils (≈ 1,600 adults per ha during a 30-d period) from buried residue of cotton plants “destroyed” by conventional tillage operations ≈3 mo earlier. Both habitats allowed boll weevils (both adults and immature stages) to overwinter in numbers greatly in excess of established economic thresholds.
NUCLEI OF THE GENUS EMERICELLOPSIS

Nuclei of twelve Einericellopsis entities were successfully demonstrated by staining with HCI-Giemsa following treatment in 0.002 M 8-hydroxyquinoline and fixation in Carnoy's with chloroform. The hyphal cells of all known species of Emericellopsis were demonstrated to be uninucleate, with the exception of Emericellopsis synnematicola where binucleate cells were also observed. Conidia and ascospores were found to be uninucleate, thus confirming primary homothallism, as often suggested by the culturing of single spores. In some species, a high frequency of anastomosis and migrating nuclei reflected a means of establishing heterokaryons. It was observed that interphase nuclei, typically elliptical, were extremely elongate near hyphal tips. The presence of chromatin bodies (2-4 per haploid nucleus) and division figures suggested a mitotic mode of division in the somatic hyphae of Emericellopsis. The ascomycetous genus Emericellopsis was established in 1940, (van Beyma Thoe Kingma), when two species were described. Seven additional species have now been described and a number of unidentified isolates of Emericellopsis have been reported (Benson, 1966). Since the original description of the genus relatively little has been done to elucidate the nuclear situation. The nuclear staining procedures employed on Emericellopsis by Elander (1960) and Fantini (1962) served as adjuncts to their major research efforts and were limited to a small number of species. In both cases nuclear detail was lacking and ascospore nuclei were not observed. In this study numerous fixing and staining techniques were employed with hyphae, conidia, and ascospores of Emericellopsis species in an attempt to give a more complete picture of the nuclear situation and to provide evidence for the type of homothallism present in this
Reliabilities of Three Tests of Form-Copying

This study investigates test-retest and interscorer reliability for three tests of form copying: the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test, the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration, and the Bender-Gestalt. Tests were administered to children in the second, fourth, and sixth grades in a lower middle-class school. All three tests produced relatively high interscorer reliability coefficients. The low test-retest reliability coefficients of the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test suggest caution in using this test with primary age children.
Selection of Metal Oxide Arrester in AC Power System

The selection method of metal oxide lightning arrester (MOA) used in neutral directly grounding and un - directly grounding AC power system was introduced. Based on GB11032-2000, and combined with the natural condition and system condition at installation site (such as local ambient conditions, power frequency over - voltage, continued operation voltage, discharge current capacity, nominal discharge current and ability of and - pollution at installation site), the protection and operation characteristics of MOA should be selected reasonably in order to get good technical and economic benefits.
Model regularization for stable sample rollouts

When an imperfect model is used to generate sample rollouts, its errors tend to compound - a flawed sample is given as input to the model, which causes more errors, and so on. This presents a barrier to applying rollout-based planning algorithms to learned models. To address this issue, a training methodology called "hallucinated replay" is introduced, which adds samples from the model into the training data, thereby training the model to produce sensible predictions when its own samples are given as input. Capabilities and limitations of this approach are studied empirically. In several examples hallucinated replay allows effective planning with imperfect models while models trained using only real experience fail dramatically.
Preventing Corporate Fiascos: Corporate Information Exceptions

The general analogy sketched in Chap. 3 between cell-human and human-institution is further explored for insights into handling corporate information exceptions, since the cell-human component handles signs and symptoms of disease quite well. The analogy assists in identifying additional requirements definitions in our application modeling and development suitable for fiasco prevention. Note that there is always some form of management of information exceptions in an institution, called a management by exceptions (MBE) system. We inject the idea that the main functionalities of our revised and improved MBE will be analogous to: (1) the autonomic part of the central nervous system in humans; and (2) features of the human immunization system. The improved MBE will address both stability and exceptions in an institution.
Probes and Targets of DNA Methylation and Demethylation in Drug Development

DNA methylation and demethylation is part of the essential biological processes regulating gene expression in normal cell development. Abnormal methylation status of specific genes and their irregularly translated proteins are normally associated with certain kinds of diseases or cancer. The rapid development of innovative DNA methylation mapping techniques provides a better understanding of DNA methylation pattern and its mechanisms in the human genome and its correlation with numerous diseases. These new techniques can lead us to develop new epigenetic medications, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. As part of the approaches to probe DNA methylation and evaluate the effects of epigenetic therapy, mass spectrometry has been taking an important role in the identification, validation, and quantification of DNA methylation and demethylation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current breadth of knowledge on the topic of DNA methylation and its occurrence in diseases, DNA methylation drugs, and mass spectrometry based approaches used to study DNA methylation.
MAPPING AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW Variations Across the 50 States: Ch. 5 Felony-Murder Rule

It is common for criminal law scholars from outside the United States to discuss the “American rule” and compare it to the rule of other countries. As this volume makes clear, however, there is no such thing as an “American rule.” Because each of the states, plus the District of Columbia and the federal system, have their own criminal law, there are fifty-two American criminal codes.American criminal law scholars know this, of course, but they too commonly speak of the “general rule” as if it reflects some consensus or near consensus position among the states. But the truth is that the landscape of American criminal law is one of almost endless diversity, with few, if any, areas in which there is a consensus or near consensus. Even most American criminal law scholars seem to fail to appreciate the enormous diversity and disagreement among the fifty-two American jurisdictions.Unfortunately, there has been little work done to map this enormous diversity among the states, perhaps because it is an extremely burdensome project. Every legal issue requires a major research project investigating the criminal codes and caselaw of all fifty-two American jurisdictions. While the paucity of such diversity research is understandable, it is nonetheless regrettable, for it is the matters of disagreement that often point to the most interesting issues for scholars.In this first-of-its-kind volume, the authors sketch the extremely diverse legal landscape in the United States for a full range of criminal law doctrines. Beyond providing this mountain of research on the most important criminal law rules, the additional goals of the volume are, first, to raise awareness of the enormous diversity among the states and to document that diversity for a wide range of issues, to encourage criminal law scholars to investigate these and the many other points of disagreement that exist among the states, and to encourage legislatures to look to this new diversity scholarship and to the positions taken by other states when they set out to codify or recodify their criminal law (and to encourage judges to do the same in those jurisdictions that continue to allow judicial criminal law making).In each of the chapters, we examine a different area of American criminal law and identify the major groupings among the states on the primary issue in the area. Each chapter provides a map of the United States with each of the states visually coded according to its approach to the issue. The maps then often raise interesting hypotheses about geographic or other state factors that might explain the patterns of agreement and disagreement (red states versus blue states, rural versus urban, rich versus poor, West Coast versus East Coast, etc.). The last two chapters of the book illustrate how this mountain of research and the state groupings for each issue can be used by scholars in many disciplines – political scientists, criminologists, criminal law scholars, and sociologists, among others – to investigate hypotheses about why we see the patterns of agreement and disagreement that we see.
The vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) as a predictor of functional biomarkers of bone health.

Context The vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) (serum 24,25(OH)2 D3 /25(OH)D3 ) has been proposed as a biomarker of vitamin D sufficiency to replace serum 25(OH)D. Objective To examine the relationships of 24,25(OH)2 D3 and VMR to functional biomarkers of bone health following vitamin D supplementation. Setting An ambulatory research centre. Design Serum from a previous research study of dose response of PTH, calcium absorption and bone turnover to vitamin D supplementation was analysed for vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2 D3 ). Outcome The relationship of serum 24,25(OH)2 D3 and VMR to calcium absorption, PTH and bone turnover markers was examined. Results Although there were strong correlations of serum 25(OH)D with 24,25(OH)2 D3 and free 25(OH)D, its correlation with VMR was lower. After vitamin D supplementation, the change in 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2 D3 and VMR was associated with the change in calcium absorption, PTH and CTX. The correlation of the change in PTH with the change in metabolites was the lowest for VMR. Moreover, estimated dose response for standardized values of vitamin D metabolites showed a beta-coefficient for VMR that was significantly less in magnitude compared to other metabolites. Conclusion Serum 24,25(OH)2 D3 is closely associated with the dose response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. However, the VMR does not appear to be equivalent to either of these metabolites in its response to increasing vitamin D intake or its association with PTH. It is unlikely that VMR will replace 25(OH)D as a biomarker for vitamin D sufficiency.
Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in the Elderly

Pulmonary hypertension is a pathologic hemodynamic condition defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater at rest. Because of age-associated stiffening of the heart and the pulmonary vasculature and the higher prevalence in the elderly of comorbidities associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension, it is an increasingly common finding in this patient population. A right heart catheterization is necessary for the diagnosis and characterization of pulmonary hypertension. The general management is to treat the underlying conditions responsible for the development of the disorder. Pulmonary vasodilators are indicated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Dispatching policies for last-mile distribution with stochastic supply and demand

Abstract Relief distribution has received considerable attention in the disaster operations management literature. However, the majority of this literature assumes that supply is always available. In reality, a significant portion of the materials that flow through the humanitarian relief chain are donations, which represent an uncertain supply source in terms of both quantity and timing. This paper investigates a two-stage relief chain consisting of a single staging area (SA) where donations arrive over time in uncertain quantities, which are periodically distributed to random numbers of disaster survivors located at a point of distribution (POD). A single vehicle travels back and forth between the SA and POD transporting relief supplies during a finite horizon. The goal of this study is to identify dispatching policies for the vehicle with the sole purpose of minimizing unsatisfied demand at the POD. To this end, we examine the effectiveness of two common-sense heuristic policies relative to the optimal dispatching policy, the latter of which is determined via stochastic dynamic programming. Our findings indicate that although continuously dispatching the vehicle between the SA and POD is not an optimal policy, it is either optimal or close to optimal in most situations.
Chapter 1 – Stock Identification Methods: An Overview

Publisher Summary Stock identification is an interdisciplinary field that involves the recognition of self-sustaining components within natural populations and is a central theme in fisheries science and management. The obvious role of stock identification is as a prerequisite for the tasks of stock assessment and population dynamics, because most population models assume that the group of individuals has homogeneous vital rates (e.g., growth, maturity, and mortality) and a closed life cycle in which young fish in the group were produced by previous generations in the same group. Because stock structure and delineation are uncertain, the reliability of stock assessments, and therefore the effectiveness of fishery management, is severely limited for many fishery resources. There are also roles for stock identification in fishery science that may be equally important but less obvious. Whether the research concerns general life history, growth, physiology, or diet, the population of inference and its stock components should be identified. Therefore, stock identification can be viewed as a prerequisite for any fishery analysis
Where Do Bikeshare Bikes Actually Go? Analysis of Capital Bikeshare Trips with GPS Data

Bikeshare systems with docking stations have gained popularity in cities throughout the United States—and have increased from six programs with 2,300 bikes in 2010 to 74 systems with 32,200 bikes in 2016. Even though bikeshare systems generate a wealth of data about bicycle checkout and check-in locations and times at docking stations, virtually nothing is known about routes and activities undertaken between checkout and check-in. Such information could greatly enhance expansion of bikeshare systems, placement of new docking stations, and location of new bike lanes and paths. In pursuit of such information, the District Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., placed GPS trackers on 94 Capital Bikeshare (CaBi) bikes in the spring of 2015. On the basis of these data, this geographic information system analysis distinguished riders by type of CaBi membership, identified popular routes, analyzed bicycle infrastructure use, and examined stops and dwelling times at places of interest. Results showed str...
Promoting neuroregeneration by applying dynamic magnetic fields to a novel nanomedicine: Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-gold nanoparticles bounded with nerve growth factor (NGF)

Neuroregeneration imposes a significant challenge in neuroscience for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that the nerve growth factor (NGF) functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-gold (Au) nanomedicine can stimulate the neuron growth and differentiation under external magnetic fields (MFs), and dynamic MFs outperform their static counterparts. The SPIO-Au core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) (Diameter: 20.8 nm) possessed advantages such as uniform quasi-spherical shapes, narrow size distribution, excellent stabilities, and low toxicity (viability >96% for 5 days). NGF functionalization has enhanced the cellular uptake. The promotion of neuronal growth and orientation using NGF functionalized SPIO-Au NPs, driven by both the static and dynamic MFs, was revealed experimentally on PC-12 cells and theoretically on a cytoskeletal force model. More importantly, dynamic MFs via rotation performed better than the static ones, i.e., the cellular differentiation ratio increased 58%; the neurite length elongation increased 63%.
Perceptions of top management about the total rewards statement: a case study in the retail sector

A total rewards statement (TRS) is a summary of compensation, benefits, and perquisites that an employer provides to their employee. This qualitative case study examines the TRS related perceptions...
Portfolio Optimization in Markets Having Stochastic Rates

The Merton problem of optimizing the expected utility of consumption for a portfolio consisting of a bond and N stocks is considered when changes in the bond’s interest rate, in the mean return rates and in the volatilities for the stock price processes are modelled by a finite-state Markov chain. This paper establishes an equivalent linear programming formulation of the problem. Two cases are considered. The first model assumes that these coefficients are known to the investor whereas the second model investigates a partially observed model in which the mean return rates and volatilities for the stocks are not directly observable.
What’s in a Fuzzy Membership Value?

Although a good amount of theory has evolved over the last 30 years about the desirable or “good” properties of membership values for fuzzy sets and relations, relatively little is known about how to define the membership values in an objective way to satisfy those properties. As a result, one often ignores those properties when developing applications of fuzzy sets. We present here some successful designs of membership functions having good properties.
What Is the Impact of Health on Economic Growth – and of Growth on Health?

Accumulated evidence on the relationship between health and growth suggests that both directions of causality are plausible but neither is definitive. Cross-country macroeconomic studies analyze country-level relationships with limited conclusions of a strong relationship. More heterogeneous, microeconomic investigations provide analytic underpinnings for interpreting the findings of macroeconomic empirics and offer insights into some of the causal pathways of the relationships between health and growth, and growth and health. Targeted programs that alleviate poor health and malnutrition contribute to raising educational attainment and productivity, which can spur growth. Policy implications focus on the need for better institutions to effectively deliver services and ensure a reasonable return on investment, issues that persist in many countries.
The Parametric Representation

The parametric representation of Boolean predicates can dramatically increase the capacity of formal verification based on symbolic simulation. This approach is useful for restricting verification to a care set and for reducing verification complexity through input-space decomposition. Our technique is independent of the symbolic simulation algorithm, does not require any modifications to the circuit, can be used to constrain both input and internal signals, and is applicable to a wide variety of circuits. The application of the approach to the synthetic hidden-weighted-bit circuit [Bry91] is described in detail. In the next chapter, the approach is applied to the verification of two large Intel circuits: a second IA-32 instruction decoder and an IEEE-compliant floatingpoint adder/subtracter. A preliminary version of the work in this chapter appeared in [AJS99a].
Chapter 2 – Coulomb's Law for Static Electricity, Principle of Superposition

This chapter introduces the Coulomb's law of static electricity and the principle of superposition. It shows two ways in which symmetry considerations can be used to simplify calculations.. The principle of superposition holds for the addition of forces of any origin—both electrical and nonelectrical. This principle is used to add up many forces of electrical origin. When the source charge is symmetrically placed, and the observation charge is at a position where this symmetry is evident, certain simplifications can be made. There are two ways to use symmetry. First, in doing a computation one can notice that certain terms must add or cancel. Second, by some general principle or principles, and the fact that force is a vector, one can learn that certain possibilities are disallowed.
Crystal structures of two thia-zolidinone derivatives bearing a tri-chloro-methyl substituent at the 2-position.

The title compounds 2-tri­chloro­methyl-3-phenyl-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one (C10H8Cl3NOS), 1 and 3-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2-tri­chloro­methyl-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one (C10H7Cl4NOS) 2, are structurally related with one atom substitution difference in the para position of the benzene ring. In both structures, the thia­zolidinone ring adopts an envelope conformation with the S atom as the flap. The dihedral angles between the rings [48.72 (11) in 1 and 48.42 (9)° in 2] are very similar and the mol­ecules are almost superimposable. In both crystal structures, C—H⋯O `head-to-tail' inter­actions between the chiral carbon atoms and the thia­zolidinone oxygen atoms result in infinite monochiral chains along the direction of the shortest unit-cell parameter, namely a in 1 and b in 2. C—H⋯π inter­actions between the thia­zolidinone carbon atom at the 4-position and the phenyl ring of the neighboring enanti­omer also help to stabilize the packing in each case, although the crystals are not isostructural.
Intranasal Fentanyl and Midazolam for Procedural Analgesia and Anxiolysis in Pediatric Urgent Care Centers.

Objectives Intranasal fentanyl and midazolam use is increasing in the acute care setting for analgesia and anxiolysis, but there is a lack of literature demonstrating their use, alone or in combination, at pediatric urgent care centers. Methods This retrospective study investigated intranasal fentanyl and midazolam use at an urgent care center located within Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and 2 affiliated off-site centers from September 22, 2011, to December 30, 2015. Data collected included patient demographics, initial fentanyl dose, initial midazolam dose, type of procedure, and serious adverse drug reactions. Results Of the 490 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 143 patients received intranasal fentanyl alone, 92 received intranasal midazolam alone, and 255 received fentanyl in combination with midazolam. The overall patient population was 50% male with a median (range) age of 4.5 (0.2-17.9) years, and most patients were black at 57.1%. The median (range) initial intranasal fentanyl dose was 2.02 (0.99-4.22) μg/kg, and the median initial (range) intranasal midazolam dose was 0.19 (0.07-0.42) mg/kg. In cases where fentanyl and midazolam were administered in combination, the median (range) initial fentanyl dose was 2.23 (0.6-4.98) μg/kg and median (range) initial midazolam dose was 0.2 (0.03-0.45) mg/kg. There were no serious adverse drug reactions reported. Conclusions Intranasal fentanyl and midazolam when administrated alone and in combination can provide analgesia and anxiolysis for minor procedures in pediatric patients treated in the urgent care setting.
Novel Management Strategies for Plant Parasitic Nematodes

At present, the most effective control of plant parasitic nematodes is through the use of chemical nematicides. These nematicides are relatively stable, broad spectrum pesticides that are applied in large dosages to the field. Difficulties with pesticide applications have arisen, however, as nematicides have been found to be a major source of ground water contamination in many locations worldwide. The problems of groundwater contamination, food safety, and worker protection from pesticides make the future use of these products uncertain.
Implementing access to medication assisted treatment in a drug treatment court: Correlates, consequences, and obstacles

We sought to understand the implementation of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) access for opioid-involved participants in an urban Midwestern drug treatment court (DTC) over a time period beginn...
Reducing Energy Costs for IBM Blue Gene/P via Power-Aware Job Scheduling

Energy expense is becoming increasingly dominant in the operating costs of high-performance computing (HPC) systems. At the same time, electricity prices vary significantly at different times of the day. Furthermore, job power profiles also differ greatly, especially on HPC systems. In this paper, we propose a smart, power-aware job scheduling approach for HPC systems based on variable energy prices and job power profiles. In particular, we propose a 0-1 knapsack model and demonstrate its flexibility and effectiveness for scheduling jobs, with the goal of reducing energy cost and not degrading system utilization. We design scheduling strategies for Blue Gene/P, a typical partition-based system. Experiments with both synthetic data and real job traces from production systems show that our power-aware job scheduling approach can reduce the energy cost significantly, up to 25 %, with only slight impact on system utilization.
Patient size parameters to guide use of the Impella device in pediatric patients.

Objectives To define patient and ventricular size parameters to guide Impella device (Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA) placement for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in small pediatric patients (10-30 kg). Background There are few options for MCS in children, and there are no data on minimum patient size requirements for placement of the Impella 2.5 device. Methods This was a multicenter study of echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived dimensions of the left ventricle (LV) length and ascending aorta used to define minimum size parameters that are necessary for the placement of the Impella catheter. Results Data were collected from 44 cardiac MRIs conducted in healthy pediatric patients and 39 echocardiograms performed in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy prior to surgical ventricular assist device (VAD) placement. The Impella 2.5 catheter is 7.5 cm from the pigtail to the aortic annulus marker, thus requiring an LV apical length of 7.5 cm to allow the device to function in an unconstrained fashion. In the cohort of patients undergoing consideration for VAD placement, a minimum LV length of 7.5 cm corresponded to a height of 122 cm, weight of 23 kg, and body surface area (BSA) of 0.89 m2 . In the MRI cohort, this corresponded to a height of 121 cm, weight of 23.9 kg, and BSA of 0.89 m2 . Conclusion MCS with Impella devices is feasible in pediatric patients. This study defines anthropomorphic and anatomic measurements to guide providers in patient selection for MCS using the Impella devices.
Socio-economic and racial prenatal diet quality disparities in a national US sample

OBJECTIVE To examine differences in prenatal diet quality by socio-economic status (SES) and race/ethnicity. DESIGN A secondary, cross-sectional analysis. Race and SES were self-reported prenatally; SES was categorized into four groups: high-income, middle-income and low-income WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) participant/non-participant. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) measured diet quality, including four moderation and nine adequacy components (higher scores = healthier diet). Generalized linear models adjusted for covariates and post hoc testing with Tukey adjustment compared AHEI-P scores between groups, using a threshold of P < 0·05. SETTING Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conducted in a national US convenience cohort. PARTICIPANTS Women in their third trimester (n 1322) with dietary history. RESULTS Participants were of 28·9 (se 5·6) years on average and predominantly non-Hispanic White (84 %); approximately one-third participated in WIC and 17 % were high-income. The mean AHEI-P score was 61·7 (se 10·8) of 130 points. High-income women had higher total (62·4 (se 1·0)) and moderation component AHEI-P scores than middle-income (60·1 (se 0·8), P = 0·02), low-income WIC participants (58·3 (se 0·8), P < 0·0001) and non-participants (58·9 (se 0·9), P = 0·001). Non-Hispanic Black participants had lower total (57·8 (se 1·4)) and adequacy scores than Other races (i.e. neither non-Hispanic Black nor White, 62·1 (se 0·9), P = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS Disparities in prenatal diet quality were observed, with non-Hispanic Black women, low-/middle-income and WIC participants having lower diet quality. However, interventions are needed to improve prenatal diet quality broadly among US women.
Alternative fuels to urania

Abstract The fueling of the power reactors happens at relatively long intervals of up to 2 years, which is a convenient way of reducing operation costs by cutting down on fueling shut down periods. To be able to accommodate long runs, the fuels must comply with strict characteristics and properties. Uranium dioxide (UO2) or urania has been used reliably in light water reactors for several decades; therefore newer proposed fuels must meet a high standard to be seriously considered. The nearest term accident tolerant fuel (ATF) is a slight modification of the current urania by doping it with chromia to increase its thermal conductivity and to make it more resistant to crumbling at high irradiation doses. Like the case of the chromium-coated zirconium alloys for cladding, the doped urania fuel may have the easiest and fastest path for regulatory licensing approval. The second family of ATFs considered is called the high uranium density fuel because due to their specific stoichiometry these compounds contain more atoms of uranium per unit mass of fuel than urania. The two most advanced fuels in the high-density family are uranium silicide and uranium nitride. The largest handicap of the two high-density fuels is their high reactivity with water and steam in the case of a cladding breach. Not much is known of their response to an actual nuclear reactor environment. The uranium silicide fuel is currently under irradiation in the advanced test reactor and in a commercial reactor as part of a fuel vendor evaluation.
The Predictive Value of the HOSPITAL Score and LACE Index for an Adult Neurosurgical Population: A Prospective Analysis.

Objective The HOSPITAL score (HS) and LACE index (LI) are 2 validated methods for quantifying the risk of 30-day unplanned readmission after discharge. However, neither score has been validated in the neurosurgical population. This study evaluated the HS and LI in the neurosurgical population as effective predictors for 30-day unplanned readmission. Methods We performed a prospective, cohort analysis of all consecutive adult patients admitted to the neurosurgical service between October 1, 2018 and May 1, 2019. Patient medical records were used to calculate HS and LI. HS defined groups as low risk (0–4), intermediate (5–6), and high (7–12); LI defined risk as low (1–4), moderate (5–9), and high (10–19). Data analysis used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results The 1242 patients included 626 women (50.4%). The average age was 57.9 years, and most patients (86.5%) underwent surgery during their admission. In multivariate logistic regression, intermediate-risk HS was not predictive of 30-day readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.88; P = 0.53), whereas high-risk HS did predict readmission (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.49–5.54; P = 0.002). Likewise, moderate-risk LI was not predictive of 30-day unplanned readmission or mortality (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.88–2.85; P = 0.12); however, high-risk LI did predict unplanned readmission or mortality (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.16–5.73; P = 0.02). Both HS and LI showed poor to moderate discrimination (C = 0.62 and 0.60, respectively). Conclusions A high-risk HS and high-risk LI were predictive of 30-day unplanned readmission. Although neither score is ideal for predicting moderate risk for 30-day unplanned readmission in neurosurgical patients, both have some predictiveness that may be clinically valuable.
Computing Protein pKas Using the TABI Poisson–Boltzmann Solver

A common approach to computing protein pKas uses a continuum dielectric model in which the protein is a low dielectric medium with embedded atomic point charges, the solvent is a high dielectric me...
Treating Adolescent Misophonia With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Considerations for Including Exposure:

Although misophonia is not yet included in the primary diagnostic manuals used by psychologists or psychiatrists, proposed criteria suggest that this condition is characterized by a strong negative...
Successful Biopsy and Removal of a Tricuspid Valve Papillary Fibroelastoma in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: A Case Report

Papillary fibroelastomas are rare benign cardiac tumours with a predilection for cardiac valves. Because of the rarity of these tumours, management is individualized, but some recommend surgical removal of all papillary fibroelastomas due to the increased risk of embolization. We report a case of a 71-year-old man who presented with a sessile mass on the tricuspid valve. The mass, a papillary fibroelastoma, was successfully biopsied and removed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. This report demonstrates a unique minimally invasive way of approaching a cardiac tumour wherein a major surgery was avoided.
Front-Form Calculation of γd→np Reactions at High Energies

A front-form calculation of γd→np reaction has been performed and compared with the data at 90°.
Using Diagnostic Codes to Screen for Intimate Partner Violence in Oregon Emergency Departments and Hospitals

OBJECTIVES: Many of the 2.5 million Americans assaulted annually by intimate partners seek medical care. This project evaluated diagnostic codes indicative of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Oregon hospital and emergency department (ED) records to determine predictive value positive (PVP), sensitivity, and usefulness in routine surveillance. Statewide incidence of care for IPV was calculated and victims and episodes characterized. METHODS: The study was a review of medical records assigned>or = 1 diagnostic codes thought predictive of IPV. Sensitivity was estimated by comparing the number of confirmed victims identified with the number predicted by statewide telephone survey. Patients were aged>or = 12 years, treated in any of 58 EDs or hospitals in Oregon during 2000, and discharged with one of three primary or 12 provisional codes suggestive of IPV. Outcome measures were number of victims detected, PPV and sensitivity of codes for detection of IPV, and description of victims. RESULTS: Of 58 hospitals, 52 (90%) provided records. Case finding using primary codes identified 639 victims, 23% of all estimated female victims seen in EDs or hospitalized statewide. PVP was 94% (639/677). Provisional codes increased sensitivity (51%) but reduced PVP (50%). Highest incidence occurred in women aged 20-39 years, and those who were black. Hospitalizations were highest among women aged>or = 50 years, black people, or those with comorbid illness. CONCLUSIONS: Three diagnostic codes used for case finding detect approximately one-quarter of ED- and hospital-treated victims, complement surveys, and facilitate description of injured victims. Language: en
Representational correspondence as a basic principle of diagram design

The timeworn claim that a picture is worth a thousand words is generally well-supported by empirical evidence, suggesting that diagrams and other information graphics can enhance human cognitive capacities in a wide range of contexts and applications. But not every picture is worth the space it occupies. What qualities make a diagram an effective and efficient conduit of information to the human mind? In this article we argue that the best diagrams depict information the same way that our internal mental representations do. That is, “visual thinking” operates largely on relatively sketchy, cartoon-like representations of the physical world, translating sensory input into efficient codes before storing and manipulating it. Effective diagrams will assist this process by stripping away irrelevant detail while preserving or highlighting essential information about objects and their spatial relations. We discuss several examples that illustrate this “Representational Correspondence Principle,” and we consider its implications for the design of systems that use diagrams to represent abstract, conceptual knowledge, such as social networks, financial markets, or web content hierarchies.
Stereopopulation control: 10. Rate and equilibrium enhancement in the formation of phthalides: The case of the missing ground state

Abstract The lactones, 3,3-dimethylphthalide and 3,3,7-trimethylphthalide, are readily hydrolyzed by aqueous base, while 3,3,4-trimethylphthalide and 3,3,4,7-tetramethylphthalide show no detectable ring opening by strong base or by the action of various nucleophiles, yet the carbonyl groups in all these lactones undergo facile 18 O exchange, hydride reduction, and Grignard addition. Accordingly, the apparent stabilities of the latter two lactones cannot be attributed to steric inaccessibility of the carbonyl group or to steric crowding in their tetrahedral intermediates. The phenomenon is explained in terms of van der Waals restriction of rotamer populations, resulting in geometries and groud-state energies of the corresponding hydroxy acids which are too close to those of their transition states to permit isolation or detection of the hydroxy acids and, thus, in rates of cyclization which are too fast to measure.
Presidential Advisors and Their Most Unpresidential Activities: Why Executive Privilege Cannot Shield White House Information in the U.S. Attorney Firings Controversy

On March 10, 2008, the House Judiciary Committee sued White House Chief of Staff Joshua Bolten and former White House Counsel Harriet Miers seeking to overcome White House claims of executive privilege in the committee's investigation of the 2006 U.S. attorney firings. Since the U.S. Supreme Court first recognized the executive privilege over thirty years ago in United Slates u Nixon, it has remained controversial and unclearly defined. In an attempt to clarify the relevant principles that the courts should apply to the recent House lawsuit, this Note examines executive privilege jurisprudence from the Nixon cases to recent 'opinions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. It concludes that executive privilege, which is intended to protect the public interest, must never stray far from the Executive in whose name it is invoked. Thus, because the White House has maintained that President Bush was not involved in the U.S. attorney purge, the privilege must fail.
The ‘Columbian Exchange’ and landscapes of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, USA, AD 1300–1900:

When Spanish colonists entered New Mexico in 1598, they encountered landscapes shaped by centuries of intensive human use: the fields, water features, and towns of prehistoric New Mexico were all products of human activity, and both zooarchaeological and paleoethnobotanical data suggest significant human impacts on floral and faunal features outside of human settlement. And yet, these human-influenced prehistoric Southwestern landscapes were distinct from those that developed through the ‘Columbian exchange’ and contact between indigenous communities and the Spanish. The Spanish colonists brought with them a suite of new taxa – both floral and faunal – as well as new land management practices that transformed New Mexican environments, eventually leading to the iconic Southwestern landscapes of today. In this paper, I use zooarchaeological data to explore New Mexican landscapes from the late prehistoric period through the early 20th century, assessing the degree of influence of Spanish fauna across this pe...
Differential rates of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins gB and gC.

The kinetics of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins gB and gC was investigated. The conversion of precursor to mature forms and the appearance of the glycoproteins at the infected-cell surface at different times postinfection (p.i.) were studied. gB, synthesized at 4 h p.i., was converted to the mature form with a half-time (t1/2) of 120 min and appeared at the plasma membrane with a t1/2 of 270 min. The gB synthesized at later times p.i. (6, 8, and 10.5 h) was transported less efficiently. Less than 50% of gB synthesized at later times p.i. was processed and transported to the cell surface. gB synthesized in transfected cells was transported to the plasma membrane with kinetics similar to that for gB synthesized at early times p.i. gC was processed efficiently when synthesized at both 8 and 10.5 h p.i., with t1/2 of conversion of pgC to gC of 40 and 60 min, respectively. Approximately 90 to 95% of the gC synthesized was converted to the mature form. The gC synthesized at 8 h p.i. was also transported rapidly to the cell surface, compared with the transport of gB synthesized at the same time, with a t1/2 of 240 min. Greater than 70% of the gC synthesized at 8 h p.i. appeared at the cell surface. The gC synthesized at 10.5 h was transported less efficiently to the cells surface during a 6-h chase.
Genetic and non-genetic control of search duration in adults of two morphs of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity in search duration of two lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected for short and long search duration (rover/sitter) was demonstrated by altering the sucrose concentration of the feeding stimulus and the period of starvation prior to testing. Although the inherited traits were apparent over a wide range of resource quality and deprivation periods, either variable, within natural environmental variation, could equalize the search duration scores of individuals from the high and low selected lines.