cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental meningitis in the rat: Haemophilus influenzae.

Leptomeningitis due to type bHaemophilus influenzae can be produced in infant rats (up to three weeks of age) by intranasal inoculation, and in animals up to three months of age by intraperitoneal inoculation. In infant animals, the pathogenesis appears to mimic the disease in human infants. Immunologic experiments indicate that antibody directed against the type b capsule (actively or passively acquired) will protect against bacteremia (by any route of inoculation) and the subsequent development of meningitis. However, antibody directed against other surface structures ofH. influenzae b (alone or with anticapsular antibody) will protect against sustained bacteremia after any route of inoculation. Evaluation of antibiotic activity against this infection in rats is unreliable due to a marked age-dependent increase in antibiotic clearance. A means of mimicking human pharmacokinetics in rats is proposed. The rat model is useful for the study ofH. influenzae meningitis provided certain limitations are recognized.
Choosing the Right Staff

Finding the right staff is one of the most important parts of a successful medical practice. Abiding by the current employment laws is essential, as are taking the time to find the right people and spending enough time training and mentoring them. Setting a safe and collegial environment for your staff is important in practice.
New Programming Modes of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of Outcomes with Burst and High-Frequency Technology

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established, evidence-based treatment for chronic pain. For decades, implantation of tonic SCS systems has relied on epidural electric lead placement to overlap regions of pain with paresthesias to achieve maximal postoperative pain relief. During the course of tonic SCS treatment, tolerances to the stimulation frequency may develop, leading to reduced efficacy. Recent developments in novel programming modes, such as high-frequency 10 kHz (HF10) and burst, stray from tonic SCS in their electrical stimulation delivery patterns and unique ability to deliver SCS without engendering paresthesias. To date, no review has analyzed outcomes of both HF10 SCS and burst SCS for chronic back and limb pain. This article aims to review all HF10 and burst SCS prospective observational and randomized controlled trials for chronic back and limb pain. The literature search identified 21 papers—10 HF10 SCS papers, 9 burst SCS papers, and 2 papers assessing both HF10 and burst SCS concurrently. Burst SCS and HF10 SCS have been subjected to randomized controlled studies and have used similar patient pain score reporting on a visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric rating scale (NRS). Results from these studies have reported significant reductions in axial back pain and limb pain in patients sustained for up 20 months with burst SCS treatment and up to 36 months with HF10 SCS. Both novel programming modes show promise as viable treatments for those suffering from chronic pain and/or patients who may no longer be responders to tonic SCS.
Preliminary Support for the Theory of Planned Behavior in Pre-Parent Discipline Intentions

Aggressive discipline is associated with a host of negative outcomes for children, while instilling positive discipline is a point of intervention in parent-child dyads. These practices may arise from the intergenerational transmission of parenting beliefs and subsequent practices. Specifically, this transmission involves individuals adopting accepting views of their disciplinary experiences, whether they were positive or negative. Although many studies of this phenomenon focus on current parents, research supports that these beliefs are evident prior to parenthood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether discipline acceptability affects the relationship between discipline experiences and the likelihood of using discipline strategies in the future in pre-parent undergraduate students. This pathway was assessed with a nonparametric bootstrapping procedure in the domains of both positive and aggressive discipline strategies. Participants (N = 171, ages 17–26 years) completed the Dimensions of Discipline Inventory – Adult Recall and other measures online via a Qualtrics survey. The results demonstrated that discipline experiences may affect discipline intent indirectly through discipline acceptability for both positive and aggressive discipline strategies. This provides preliminary support of the Theory of Planned Behavior as applied to parental constructs prior to parenthood. This also informs the theory of intergenerational transmission and may suggest targets of negative parenting prevention to research in pre-parent populations.
On cost aware cloudlet placement for mobile edge computing

As accessing computing resources from the remote cloud inherently incurs high end-to-end &#x0028 E2E &#x0029 delay for mobile users, cloudlets, which are deployed at the edge of a network, can potentially mitigate this problem. Although some research works focus on allocating workloads among cloudlets, the cloudlet placement aiming to minimize the deployment cost &#x0028 i.e., consisting of both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay cost &#x0029 has not been addressed effectively so far. The locations and number of cloudlets have a crucial impact on both the cloudlet cost in the network and average E2E delay of users. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the Cost Aware cloudlet PlAcement in moBiLe Edge computing &#x0028 CAPABLE &#x0029 strategy, where both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay are considered in the cloudlet placement. To solve this problem, a Lagrangian heuristic algorithm is developed to achieve the suboptimal solution. After cloudlets are placed in the network, we also design a workload allocation scheme to minimize the E2E delay between users and their cloudlets by considering the user mobility. The performance of CAPABLE has been validated by extensive simulations.
Employing GIScience to Address the Perceived Needs and Service Use among Youth Offenders Preparing for Reentry to Rural and Urban Communities

AbstractWith an 85 percent recidivism rate within the first five years following detention and less than 20 percent completing high school, once incarcerated youth often face an uphill battle. This...
Sonic Counterspaces: The Role of Music in the Latino College Experience at a Predominantly White Institution:

A critical race theory framework was used to examine the role of music listening practices in the academic and social contexts of Latino college students enrolled at a predominantly White instituti...
Gradient-Boosting Classifiers Combining Vessel Density and Tissue Thickness Measurements for Classifying Early to Moderate Glaucoma.

Purpose To compare gradient-boosting classifier (GBC) analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-measured vessel density (VD) and OCT-measured tissue thickness to standard OCTA VD and OCT thickness parameters for classifying healthy eyes and eyes with early to moderate glaucoma. Design Comparison of diagnostic tools. Methods A total of 180 healthy eyes and 193 glaucomatous eyes with OCTA and OCT imaging of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) were studied. Four GBCs were evaluated that combined 1) all macula VD and thickness measurements (Macula GBC), 2) all ONH VD and thickness measurements (ONH GBC), 3) all VD measurements from the macula and ONH (vessel density GBC), and 4) all thickness measurements from the macula and ONH (thickness GBC). ROC curve (AUROC) analyses compared the diagnostic accuracy of GBCs to that of standard instrument-provided parameters. A fifth GBC that combined all parameters (full GBC) also was investigated. Results GBCs had better diagnostic accuracy than standard OCTA and OCT parameters with AUROCs ranging from 0.90 to 0.93 and 0.64 to 0.91, respectively. The full GBC (AUROC = 0.93) performed significantly better than the ONH GBC (AUROC = 0.91; P = .036) and the vessel density GBC (AUROC = 0.90; P = .010). All other GBCs performed similarly. The mean relative influence of each parameter included in the full GBC identified a combination of macular thickness and ONH VD measurements as the greatest contributors. Conclusions GBCs that combine OCTA and OCT macula and ONH measurements can improve diagnostic accuracy for glaucoma detection compared to most but not all instrument provided parameters.
Relationship between Geography and Refractive Error from the UCLA Preschool Vision Program

Using the screening data collected through the University of California, Los Angeles Preschool Vision Program (UPVP) that provides free vision screening to children 2.5 to 6 years of age attending ...
Systemic Inflammation by Collagen-Induced Arthritis Affects the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Differently in Two Mouse Models of the Disease.

Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) shares similar risk factors and inflammatory responses with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, we identified increased risk for dry AMD among patients with RA compared to control subjects, using retrospective data analysis. In this current study, we investigate the role of systemic inflammation triggered in a murine model of arthritis on choroidal neovascularization and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration mouse models. Methods Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in C57BL/6J mice prior to laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV; wet AMD model) or sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration (NaIO3; dry AMD model). CNV lesion size and retinal thickness were quantified by optical coherence photography (OCT), visual function was analyzed using optokinetic response and electroretinography, RPE morphology was examined by immunohistochemistry, and inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Results CIA mice demonstrated decreased spatial acuity and contrast sensitivity, whereas no difference was observed in the RPE-generated c-wave. CNV lesion size was decreased in CIA mice. NaIO3 decreased c-wave amplitude, as well as retinal thickness, which was augmented by CIA. NaIO3 treatment resulted in loss of normal RPE hexagonal shape, which was further aggravated by CIA. Increased Cxcl9 expression was observed in the presence of CIA and CIA combined with AMD. Disease severity differences were observed between sexes. Conclusions Our data suggest systemic inflammation by CIA results in increased pathology in a dry AMD model, whereas it reduces lesions in a wet AMD model. These findings highlight the need for additional investigation into the role of secondary inflammation and sex-based differences on AMD.
Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy

Cardiac arrest (CA) in pregnancy is an uncommon occurrence with an incidence of about 1 in every 30,000 deliveries (1). The causes are quite numerous, but the management is essentially the same with the exception of a few modifications regarding the fetus. In this chapter, causes of maternal mortality are reviewed along with potential interventions to decrease its incidence. A general overview of maternal and fetal physiology and how it pertains to the resuscitation of the mother will also be provided. Pharmacological agents used in the resuscitative protocol and their effects on the fetus are discussed. Finally, the issue of perimortem cesarean delivery is addressed, along with the difficult questions that must be answered within minutes of deciding who should and should not be considered for this drastic, potentially lifesaving procedure.
Has academic criminal justice come of age

(2001). Has academic criminal justice come of age? Justice Quarterly: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 709-726.
Food insufficiency, family income, and health in US preschool and school-aged children

Objectives. This study investigated associations between family income, food insufficiency, and health among US preschool and school-aged children. Methods. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Children were classified as food insufficient if the family respondent reported that the family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat. Regression analyses were conducted with health measures as the outcome variables. Prevalence rates of health variables were compared by family income category, with control for age and gender. Odds ratios for food insufficiency were calculated with control for family income and other potential confounding factors. Results. Low-income children had a higher prevalence of poor/fair health status and iron deficiency than high-income children. After confounding factors, including poverty status, had been controlled, food-insufficient children were significantly more likely to have poorer health status and to experience more frequent stomachaches and headaches than food-sufficient children; preschool food-insufficient children had more frequent colds. Conclusions. Food insufficiency and low family income are health concerns for US preschool and school-aged children.
Metal derivatives of arylazopyrazolone compounds—VII: Molarity quotients of azopyrazolone compounds containing o-carboxyethoxy and o-carboxythioethoxy groups

Abstract The relative stabilities of the metal derivatives of the tetradentate azopyrazolone compounds containing an ortho—OCH2CH2COOH or —SCH2CH2COOH group have been measured potentiometrically in 75 volume per cent dioxane. The sulphur derivative bonds stronger to the divalent copper, nickel, cobalt, and cadmium, and the oxygen derivative bonds stronger to zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and the uranyl ion.
Semiparametric Bayesian estimation of mixed count regression models

Abstract This paper develops semiparametric Bayesian estimation approach for Poisson regression models with unobserved heterogeneity of unknown density. This approach is computationally efficient and allows automatic adaptation of the approximating density to data during estimation. Simulations show the estimator performs well.
A dotted line assimilates in visibility to a solid line

This study tested the theory that a context-produced increase in visibility of a target is due to its assimilation in visibility to the context. A context+target and a context are discriminated better than are a target and background. This occurs for two different context+targets in which the context is a solid line and the target is a dotted line. But it does not occur when solid lines replace these dotted lines. The dotted lines are much less visible than the solid lines. Therefore, the dotted lines increase in similarity in visibility to the solid lines, which is assimilation, but for visibility, rather than for a typical part. Assimilation does not occur between perceptually equal parts. Consequently, the reason why the two context+targets with only solid lines do not result in increases in visibility may be that these lines are sufficiently equal in visibility that assimilation in visibility is precluded. So, the theory is supported. This theory is consistent with evidence that one group (phenomenal whole) is associated with both assimilation and an increase in visibility. Accordingly, a stimulus with a relatively large distance between its solid and dotted lines is apprehended as a relatively weak group, and does not result in an increase in visibility.
Effects of practice, instructions, and modeling on components of assertive behavior.

Abstract Unassertive psychiatric patients matched on age, years of education, diagnosis, and self-reported assertiveness were assigned to one of five conditions, with 10 subjects in each group: (1) Test-Retest, (2) Practice-Control, (3) Instructions, (4) Modeling, (5) Modeling plus Instructions. All subjects were videotaped (Pre- and Post-Test) while responding to five interpersonal situations requiring assertive responses. Pre- and Post-Test responses for all subjects were rated independently by judges on seven verbal and non-verbal components of assertiveness. Analyses of variance for difference scores followed by multiple t-test comparisons indicated that the Modeling plus Instructions group was superior or equal to the Instructions alone or Modeling alone groups on five of the seven components. Instructions alone and Modeling alone led to greatest improvement in the remaining two components. No differences were found between the Practice-Control and Test-Retest groups on any of the seven components of assertiveness. No differences (Post-Pretest) were found among the groups on a self-report measure of assertiveness.
Transport and binding of methotrexate in vivo

Abstract A mathematical model is presented for time-dependent uptake of drugs in tissues exhibiting significant membrane resistance to transport during periods of rapidly changing plasma concentration in vivo . The model includes joint effects of blood flow, membrane transport, and binding. It is used to interpret data on the uptake of methotrexate in bone marrow, spleen, and small intestine of the bile-cannulated rat following intravenous doses of 0.05,0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg./kg. The transport is saturable and influenced by strong intracellular binding. The Michaelis constant ranges from 0.45 mcg./ml. (1.0 μM ) to 1.1 mcg./ml. (2.4 μM ), in general agreement with in vitro studies in a number of mammalian cell lines.
The mechanics of pyramids

The elastostatic fields and free-vibration characteristics are studied for a class of continuous solids in the shape of homogeneous or layered pentahedral pyramids. The pyramids possess an arbitrary number of linear elastic layers containing dissimilar elastic constants. The layers are assumed to be perfectly bonded in the out-of-plane direction of the pyramid. The change in elastic stiffness across each interface requires a model that allows for a jump in displacement gradient at these location. A discrete-layer representation is used that combines the Ritz method with polynomial in-plane approximations with one-dimensional Lagrangian interpolation polynomials in the thickness direction. The free-vibration characteristics are examined for a variety of isotropic and anisotropic materials and representative bulk stiffness estimates are given for homogeneous pyramids under static deformation.
Erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing: preliminary clinical evaluation.

Each of the increasing number of resurfacing lasers uses a unique strategy to produce tissue ablation. Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) lasers have been used in other applications for precise tissue removal with little thermal effect. Recovery time, duration of erythema, and clinical improvement were evaluated using an Er:YAG resurfacing laser (2.94-μm wavelength, 350-μsec pulse, 2 J, 3-5-mm spot). Twenty-five patients were treated with two passes to the full face and 3 to 5 passes to the most affected aesthetic unit. At each follow-up visit, percent epithelialization, erythema, and swelling were graded, and the presence or absence of complications was noted. Clinical improvement was evaluated at 6 months by optical profilometry on a subset of patients. Er:YAG resurfacing produced a transient whitening of dermis followed by a resumption of pink appearance. The surgical end point was judged by elimination of visible rhytids or presence of punctate bleeding. Bleeding from the dermal surface was encountered less than customarily in dermabrasion, but more than seen with carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. A moderate amount of tissue shrinkage was observable during the treatment. Mean period to full epithelialization was 6.9 ± 0.97 days (range, 5-9 days). The mean duration of erythema (4.24 ± 1.5 weeks) was relatively short compared with carbon dioxide resurfacing. Clinical improvement was 44 ± 30% in the lateral canthal area and 55 ± 22% in the upper lip area. There were no infections or hypertrophic scars. Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation was seen in 24% and 12% of patients respectively. Er:YAG resurfacing is a reliable means of obtaining rhytid improvement with less recovery time and duration of erythema compared with carbon dioxide resurfacing. The technique is significantly different from carbon dioxide resurfacing in selection of end point, number of passes, and energy settings.
The Self-aggregation of A Polyalanine Octamer Promoted by Its C-Terminal Tyrosine And Probed By A Strongly Enhanced VCD Signal

The 8-residue alanine oligopeptide, Ac-A4KA2Y-NH2 (AKY8), was found to form amyloid-like fibrils upon incubation at room temperature in acidified aqueous solution, at peptide concentrations > 10 mM. The fibril solution exhibits an enhanced VCD couplet in the amide I’ band region, which is nearly 2 orders of magnitude larger than typical polypeptide/protein signals in this region. The UV-CD spectrum of the fibril solution shows circular dichroism in the region associated with the tyrosine side chain absorption. A similar peptide, Ac-A4KA2-NH2 (AK7), lacking in a terminal tyrosine residue, does not aggregate. These results suggest a pivotal role for the C-terminal tyrosine residue in stabilizing the aggregation state of this peptide. It is speculated that interactions between the lysine and tyrosine side chains of consecutive strands in an anti-parallel arrangement, e.g. via cation-π interactions, are responsible for the stabilization of the resulting fibrils. These results offer considerations and insight for the de novo design of self-assembling oligopeptides for biomedical and biotechnological applications, and highlight the usefulness of VCD as a tool to probe amyloid fibril formation.
Modulation of the Resonance Lines in a Cesium Arc

A detailed study has been made of the electrical characteristics and light-modulation properties of a 90-watt cesium vapor arc having a three-inch column. The range of frequencies used extend from 100 to 106 c.p.s. When operated on a d.c. biasing current of 5 amp., the arc has a positive resistance; below 20,000 c.p.s. its reactance is inductive, while above this frequency the reactance is chiefly capacitative. The modulation ratio for the resonance lines at 8521A and 8944A has a nearly constant value of 0.85 below 2000 c.p.s., and for higher frequencies varies inversely with the square root of the frequency.
In Memoriam: Mary Anne Heimerdinger Clench, 1932–2011

Mary Anne Heimerdinger Clench, an AOU member (), Elected Member (), and Fellow (), was born on  January  in Louisville, Kentucky, and died on  June  in Gainesville, Florida. As a child, Mary, her older sister, Alice, and their parents Henry and Alice Heimerdinger moved to Manhasset, Long Island, where her father was public relations director for National Distillery—no doubt a challenging job during Prohibition. Mary seemed to have received her self-confidence from her father and her love of the outdoors from her mother, an avid gardener. Mary’s love of birds, however, was fostered by a series of mentors. Her high school biology teacher in Manhasset, Jesse V. Miller, was an active bander who involved his students in bird banding. After working with Miller for four years, Mary obtained her own banding permit and joined the Eastern Bird Banding Association in . Miller also loaned her his copy of Margaret Morse Nice’s Watcher at the Nest, which she said “clinched” her choice of a career. She chose Wheaton College for her undergraduate education because they offered a course in ornithology. In , she graduated from Wheaton (where she was a member of the synchronized swim team) with a B.A. in Biology. Her ornithology professor, Clinton V. McCoy, encouraged her to go on to graduate school. She joined the AOU and began graduate school at Yale, working first with S. Dillon Ripley and later with Philip S. Humphrey. At Yale she earned two master’s degrees and a Ph.D. The project for her first M.S. (), “The population increase of the Northern Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus abieticola (Bangs) in New England,” did not result in a thesis, but in a report that was never published. Her second M.S. () was a non-thesis degree in Biology. Her Ph.D. dissertation (), “A study of morphological variation in the dorsal and ventral pterylae of Passeriformes,” was published in part in The Auk (, :–). The Auk 129(4):787−788, 2012 © The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2012. Printed in USA.
Co-opetition between giants: Collaboration with competitors for technological innovation

We investigate why and how co-opetition (simultaneous pursuit of collaboration and competition) between large firms occurs, evolves, and impacts the participating firms and the industry. We develop a multi-level conceptual framework by combining literature-based conceptual arguments and insights from an in-depth study of an exemplar case of co-opetition between Samsung Electronics and Sony Corporation. Our study demonstrates that co-opetition is challenging yet very helpful for firms to address major technological challenges, to create benefits for partnering firms, and to advance technological innovation. We also show that co-opetition between giants causes subsequent co-opetition among other firms and results in advanced technological development. Moreover, co-opetition capabilities of firms play an important role in enhancing common benefits as well as in gaining proportionately larger share of the benefits.
A Model for the Effect of Rhizodeposition on the Fate of Phenanthrene in Aged Contaminated Soil

Microcosm data were used to develop a deterministic model to describe how rhizodeposition affects the fate of phenanthrene in aged contaminated soil. Microbial mineralization and soil sequestration of 14C-phenanthrene were compared in microcosms amended weekly with phenolic-rich mulberry root extracts versus unamended controls. Mineralization was higher in the amended soils simulating the rhizosphere (57.7 +/- 0.9%) than in controls simulating bulk (unplanted) soils (53.2 +/- 0.7%) after 201 days (p < 0.05). Humin was the main soil sink for the residual 14C-label. Whereas the total 14C-label associated with humin remained constant in biologically active soils (at about 30%), it increased up to 80% after 201 days in sterile controls. The initial phenanthrene extraction with n-butanol (commonly used to assess bioavailability) slightly underestimated the fraction thatwas mineralized (assessed by 14CO2 recovery). Changes in the unextractable fraction (determined by combustion in a biological oxidizer) suggested the presence of two soil sequestration domains: (1) irreversibly bound residue, and (2) an intermediate transition phase that is unextractable by solvents at a given point in time but could become bioavailable due to physicochemical or biological transformations of the binding matrix. The fate of phenanthrene was accurately modeled by considering the transfer of the 14C label between different soil compartments as first-order kinetic processes. Model simulations suggested that the system was approaching a stable end-point after 201 days of simulated rhizoremediation, and corroborated that microorganisms have a significant impact on the fate of phenanthrene in soil.
Random interval graphs

In this paper we introduce a notion ofrandom interval graphs: the intersection graphs of real, compact intervals whose end points are chosen at random. We establish results about the number of edges, degrees, Hamiltonicity, chromatic number and independence number of almost all interval graphs.
In vitro studies with rifampicin on the stability of heart mitochondrial RNA.

Bovine heart mitochondria synthesize stable and unstable RNA in vitro, and low doses of rifampicin inhibit this synthesis. The unstable RNA directs the incorporation of [14C]leucine into mitochondrial protein and has a half-life of 1.4 minutes.
Observations on the T lnR term in the quark-antiquark free energy.

Consider the response of a pure gauge theory at temperature T to an external quark-antiquark pair separated by R. In the confining phase, the leading term in the free energy at large R is \ensuremath{\sigma}R. A string-model calculation has given T lnR for the next-to-leading term. In this paper, the origin of the T lnR term is considered in a more general context that includes the analog spin model and the lattice gauge theory at strong coupling. The connection with transverse fluctuations is emphasized.
Lumpy investments and capital adjustment patterns in the food manufacturing industry

This paper investigates investment patterns and the types of capital adjustment cost in the U.S. food manufacturing plants. The study first documents the lumpy nature of investment rates and shows that few investment incidents at plant-level contribute to a large portion of aggregate investment, indicating the importance of large investments in the food manufacturing industry. Further, the paper presents econometric evidence for the nature of capital adjustment costs by estimating an investment hazard model which determines both the probability of having an investment spike and the factors affecting lumpy investments. The results support the presence of both convex and non-convex components of capital adjustment costs. While the importance of lumpy investments at the plant-level support for a non-convex component of adjustment cost, the empirical estimation of hazard function shows downward-sloping shape (i.e., negative duration dependence) which demonstrates the existence of a convex component as well.
Heat shock protein 70B' (HSP70B') expression and release in response to human oxidized low density lipoprotein immune complexes in macrophages.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in the activation and survival of macrophages. This study examined the role of HSP70B′, a poorly characterized member of the HSP70 family, in response to oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) and immune complexes prepared with human oxLDL and purified human antibodies to oxLDL (oxLDL-IC) in monocytic and macrophage cell lines. Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates and conditioned medium from U937 cells treated with oxLDL alone revealed an increase in intracellular HSP70B′ protein levels accompanied by a concomitant increase in HSP70B′ extracellular levels. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, however, demonstrated that oxLDL-IC stimulated the release of HSP70B′, which co-localized with cell-associated oxLDL-IC. In HSP70B′-green fluorescent protein-transfected mouse RAW 264.7 cells, oxLDL-IC-induced HSP70B′ co-localized with membrane-associated oxLDL-IC as well as the lipid moiety of internalized oxLDL-IC. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that HSP70B′ is involved in cell survival, and this effect could be mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) activation. An examination of regularly implicated cytokines revealed a significant relationship between HSP70B′ and the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Small interfering RNA knockdown of HSP70B′ resulted in a corresponding decrease in SK1 mRNA levels and SK1 phosphorylation as well as increased release of IL-10. In conclusion, these findings suggest that oxLDL-IC induce the synthesis and release of HSP70B′, and once stimulated, HSP70B′ binds to the cell-associated and internalized lipid moiety of oxLDL-IC. The data also implicate HSP70B′ in key cellular functions, such as regulation of SK1 activity and release of IL-10, which influence macrophage activation and survival.
Observation of bubble dynamics within luminescent cavitation clouds: Sonoluminescence at the nano-scale.

Measurements of acoustically driven cavitation luminescence indicate that this phenomenon is robust over a huge parameter space ranging from 10 kHz to g10 MHz. The minimum bubble radius achieved is an upper bound for the size of the light-emitting region and ranges from about 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m at 15 kHz to tens of nm at 11 MHz. Although lines can be discerned in the spectra of some cavitation clouds, they sit on top of a broadband continuum which can have greater spectral density in the ultraviolet than is observed for resonantly driven sonoluminescence from a single bubble.
Implications of wafer design for manufacturing practices on photomask manufacturing

Focus on Design for Manufacturing (DFM) in semiconductor device design has increased as semiconductor manufacturing technology has become more complex. Many of the techniques developed to improve wafer yield and manufacturability can also be applied to the photomask manufacturing process. For example, for the last several technology nodes, semiconductor manufacturers have known that pattern density and uniformity can have significant impact on wafer processes such as etching and chemical mechanical polishing. Photomask manufacturing can also be impacted by pattern density and its uniformity. Some of these DFM practices can be beneficial if applied directly to photomask manufacturing while some of them can make photomask manufacturing significantly more difficult. Optical proximity correction (OPC), which involves convoluting the design shape to account for optical, physical and chemical processes, is increasingly required to support advanced lithography; some of the operational parameters of the OPC, such as the fragmentation run length, challenge mask resolution capability, image fidelity, defect inspection, mask repair, and dimensional metrology of photomasks. Sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs), which are utilized to create robust wafer lithography are often the most challenging mask features to create. The size and placement of SRAFs on photomasks are factors that impact photomask manufacturability in terms of image resolution, inspection, and dispositioning criteria. As OPC and other DFM processes become more widely deployed in an effort to make robust wafer manufacturing processes, the photomask maker needs to be involved to evaluate the implications to photomask manufacturing and assist in optimizing these DFM procedures to maximally benefit both the photomask and semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectrum of the K-590 intermediate in the room temperature bacteriorhodopsin photocycle

Abstract The resonance Raman (RR) spectrum of the K-590 intermediate formed during the initial 3–5 ps of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle is measured using picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (PTR 3 ) spectroscopy. Room temperature samples are examined using 5–6 ps (FWHM) 565 nm pump and 590 nm, 595 nm and 608 nm probe laser pulses. Probe laser delays of 50 ps to 2 ns ensure that the only photocycle intermediate present in the reaction mixture is K-590. The relative concentrations of K-590 and BR-570 at a given time in the reaction are determined from a rate equation model which simulates picosecond transient absorption and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The RR spectrum of K-590 is discussed with respect to RR spectra previously assigned to the K intermediate at room and low (77K) temperatures, BR-570, BR-548 (dark-adapted) and related protonated Schiff bases. Significant differences appear in the K-590 spectrum reported here relative to earlier data including: (i) a small ( −1 ) shift in the K-590 CC stretching frequency relative to that of BR-570, (ii) a strong 1194 cm −1 band in the CC stretching frequency region with a distinct shoulder near 1171 cm −1 , and (iii) increases in the hydrogen out-of-plane band intensities throughout the 950–995 cm −1 region and near 802 cm −1 .
Experiencing in movement psychotherapy

Experiencing is a process variable in psychotherapy which deals with the manner with which individuals use their internal, ongoing bodily-felt flow of experience to gain self-awareness and to communicate about themselves. A consistent finding across research process studies in psychotherapy is that successful clients start, continue, and end therapy at higher experiencing levels than do less successful clients. The implication of this finding for all therapists, irrespective of their theoretical framework, is that they need to help their clients process the content they raise in therapy at a high level of experiencing throughout the course of therapy. This paper discusses and demonstrates several body movement based procedures that enhance clients’ experiencing level while working within the context of experiential movement psychotherapy, a form of psychotherapy which emphasizes the acquisition of personal meanings by clients from any of the following three experiential and expressive modalities: body movement, kinetic imagery, or verbal communication.
Thermal oxidation of single crystalline aluminum nitride

Dry thermal oxidation of low defect density aluminum nitride single crystals was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Oxidation at 800 deg. C produced an amorphous oxide layer. In the AlN near the interface were many dislocations, stacking faults and domain boundaries, molecular nitrogen and oxygen. Oxidation at 1000 deg. C produced a crystalline, epitaxial oxide layer with several large grains and twin structures. Near the interface, the oxide was single phase {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, while near the surface the oxide was a mixture of {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The AlN crystal structure was nearly defect- and oxygen-free. The epitaxial relationship between Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and AlN was (0001) AlN // (011-bar1-bar) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and [11-bar00] AlN // [011-bar1] Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
Propagation, dissipation, and dispersion of disturbances on harmonically forced, non-premixed flames

This paper describes the dynamics of non-premixed flames responding to bulk velocity fluctuations, and compares the dynamics of the flame sheet position and spatially integrated heat release to a similarly excited premixed flame. Bulk axial or transverse excitation, in either case, leads to the excitation of wrinkles on the flame that propagate axially. Inclusion of axial diffusion in the non-premixed case, and burning velocity stretch sensitivity in the premixed case, cause wrinkle dissipation and dispersion. There are important differences in spatially integrated unsteady heat release dynamics between premixed and non-premixed flames. For general Strouhal numbers, mass burning rate fluctuations are the dominant contributor to non-premixed flame heat release fluctuations, while area fluctuations are the dominant contributor to premixed flame heat release fluctuations. Moreover, the heat release response of non-premixed flames rolls off much slower with frequency, O(St−1/2) compared to O(St−1) for premixed flames, and, hence, are more sensitive to flow perturbations than premixed flames at high Strouhal numbers. The asymptotic tendencies of the non-premixed flame, however, are largely controlled by the near burner exit region with high transverse gradients and, thus, are expected to be quite sensitive to burner exit details and finite chemistry effects.
Nanospecific Inhibition of Pyoverdine Siderophore Production in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 by CuO Nanoparticles

CuO nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit dose-dependent toxicity to bacteria, whereas sublethal concentrations of these NPs change bacterial metabolism. Siderophores are model metabolites to study the impact of sublethal levels of metallic NPs on bacteria because they are involved in survival and interaction with other organisms and with metals. We report that a sublethal level of CuO NPs modify the production of the fluorescent siderophore pyoverdine (PVD) in a soil beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. The production of PVD was inhibited by CuO NPs but not by bulk CuO nor Cu ions at concentrations equivalent to those released from the NPs. The cell responses occurred despite the NPs forming near micrometer-sized aggregates. The CuO NPs reduced levels of periplasmic and secreted PVD and impaired expression from genes encoding proteins involved in PVD maturation in the periplasm and export through cell membranes. EDTA restored the fluorescence of PVD quenched by Cu ions but did not generate fluorescence with cultures of NP-challenged cells, confirming the absence of PVD. Consequently, depending on the bacterium, this nanoparticle-specific phenomenon mediating cellular reprogramming through effects on secondary metabolism could have an impact on critical environmental processes including bacterial pathogenicity.
Effect of Cheating Experience on Attitudes toward Infidelity

The present study investigated how cheating experience influences perception of others’ infidelity. Using vignette characters, we explored the hypothesis that a participant’s experience cheating on a partner and gender of vignette character moderate gender-differentiated perceptions of infidelity (i.e., men reporting more accepting attitudes toward infidelity than women). Participants (N = 320) were asked a series of questions evaluating both how ‘acceptable’ and ‘forgivable’ was a vignette character’s infidelity. Men and women with prior experience cheating found the cheating vignette character of their same gender significantly more acceptable and forgivable than the unfaithful character of the other gender. Participants who reported no history of infidelity found infidelity as generally unacceptable, regardless of character gender.
Developing Evidence for Structural Approaches to Build a Culture of Health: A Perspective from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

We believe that reframing the conversation to creating a culture around health rather than focusing on discrete actions or activities will capture national consciousness and enable us to make new progress as a nation. Thus, in 2014, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) announced a new vision to help build a “Culture of Health” to enable everyone in our diverse society to lead healthier lives now and for generations to come. In supporting the development of this supplement of Health Education & Behavior, RWJF sought to contribute to a better understanding of the ways in which policy, environmental, and financial approaches can contribute to such a Culture of Health. However, while this supplement issue of Health Education & Behavior stands as a testament to the fact that a broad evidence base, rather than a single approach to health improvement, is necessary to have an impact on social change, more empirical evidence is needed on structural approaches if we are to be successful in understanding and im...
Triploidy in Parthenogenetic Species of the Teiid Lizard, Genus Cnemidophorus

Mitotic figures from the bone marrow of three parthenogenetic species of Cnemidophorus (whiptail lizards) exhibit chromosome numbers in the triploid range. The species are C. velox with 68 chromosomes, C. tesselatus with 69, and C. exsanguis with 70. A fourth parthenogenetic species, C. perplexus, has 46 chromosomes, the same number as the bisexual subspecies C. tigris septentrionalis.
Delay fault simulation with bounded gate delay mode

Previously reported work on path and gate delay tests fail to analyze path reconvergences when a bounded gate delay model is used. While robust path delay tests are of the highest quality, most path faults are only testable nonrobustly. Many non-robust tests are usually found but, in practice, are easily invalidated by hazards. The invalidation of non-robust tests occurs primarily due to non-zero delays of off-path circuit elements that may reconverge. Thus, non-robust tests are of limited value when process variations cause gate delays to vary. For gate delay faults, failure to recognize the correlations among the ambiguity waveforms at inputs of reconvergent gates cause fault coverages to be optimistic. This paper enhances a recently published ambiguity simulation algorithm [5] to accurately measure both non-robust path and gate delay coverages for the bounded delay model. Experimental results for the ISCAS circuits show accurate results are often 20-30% less than the optimistic ones that fail to analyze signal reconvergences.
Coulomb excitation of 139La

Abstract Energy levels of 139 La were populated by Coulomb excitation with 12 MeV α-particles. Alpha particles scattered at 100°, 120° and 160° from thin 139 La 2 O 3 targets were analyzed in a magnetic spectrograph. In a complementary experiment with thick La foils de-excitation γ-rays following Coulomb excitation with 4.5 MeV protons and 4–12 MeV α-particles were studied with a 2 cm 3 and a 50 cm 3 Ge(Li) detector. Levels were found at 1218.7, 1257.2, 1421.4, 1538.7, 1578.9 and 1683.8 keV (with uncertainties of ±1 keV) in addition to the wellknown 166 keV level. Assuming electric quadrupole excitation the corresponding B (E2) values for excitation are 1.65, 0.45, 0.62, 2.6, 2.4 and 0.43 single particle units. In contrast to an earlier Coulomb excitation experiment no evidence was found for levels between 166 1218 keV. The level energies determined here agree well with those found by a variety of other techniques. Our experimental results are in satisfactory accord with several recent theoretical calculations.
“I Love You, Man”: Bromances, the Construction of Masculinity, and the Continuing Evolution of the Romantic Comedy

In 2003, Celestino Deleyto suggested that the romantic comedy as a genre had reached a key moment in its evolutionary development: It is as if the new climate of social and sexual equality between ...
Use of an ISO 14000 Option in Implementing EPA's Rule on Risk Management Programs for Chemical Accidental Release Prevention

EPA's rule of Risk Management Programs for Chemical Accidental Release Prevention applies to facilities that manufacture, process, use, store, or otherwise handle regulated substances at or above specified threshold quantities. EPA estimates that approximately 66,000 facilities nationwide will be regulated under the rule. This paper examines the use of a structured ISO 14000 mechanism as option-regulated facilities could elect for implementation of the rule. Under the ISO 14000 option, facilities would commit to additional obligations regarding information disclosure, discussions with potentially affected publics, and timely correction of deficiencies noted in annual ISO 14000 audits of their compliance with the Risk Management Program they submit to the EPA under the rule. In return, facilities would be granted significant relief in regard to both EPA audit frequency and the penalties that might be applied for any items of noncompliance with the rule noted during the course of implementing agency reviews of the facility. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this option to potentially affected stakeholders.