cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The V-Way Cache: Demand Based Associativity via Global Replacement

As processor speeds increase and memory latency becomes more critical, intelligent design and management of secondary caches becomes increasingly important. The efficiency of current set-associative caches is reduced because programs exhibit a non-uniform distribution of memory accesses across different cache sets. We propose a technique to vary the associativity of a cache on a per-set basis in response to the demands of the program. By increasing the number of tag-store entries relative to the number of data lines, we achieve the performance benefit of global replacement while maintaining the constant hit latency of a set-associative cache. The proposed variable-way, or V-Way, set-associative cache achieves an average miss rate reduction of 13% on sixteen benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2000 suite. This translates into an average IPC improvement of 8%.
Globally stable control laws for the attitude maneuver problem: tracking control and adaptive control

An approach using a globally nonsingular representation is proposed for the attitude control problem of a rigid body. The attitude dynamics are described by the nonlinear Euler equation together with the nonlinear kinematic equations which relate a representation of attitude to the angular velocity of the body. When this approach is combined with an energy-motivated Lyapunov function, a large class of globally stable attitude control laws can be derived. This class includes model-independent tracking control, model-dependent tracking control, and adaptive control, allowing tradeoffs between controller complexity, attainable performance, and available model information. >
Feeding ecology of phocid seals and some walrus in the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic as determined by stomach contents and stable isotope analysis

Feeding habits of ringed (Phoca hispida), bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha) and ribbon (Phoca fasciata) seals and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) were studied using stomach contents and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Bearded seals fed benthically, primarily crustaceans and mollusks. Both zooplankton and fish were significant prey for ringed seals, while fish was principal spotted seal prey. Few gastric contents were available from ribbon seals. δ15N was positively correlated with age in ribbon seals and δ13C was positively correlated with age in ringed and ribbon seals. δ15N was highest in spotted seals, in agreement with their fish-dominated diet. δ15N was not different between Alaskan-harvested ringed and bearded seals, while δ15N was lowest in ribbon seals and walrus. Carbon-13 was most enriched in bearded seals and walrus reflecting benthic ecosystem use. Canadian ringed seals were depleted in 13C compared to Alaskan pinnipeds, likely because of Beaufort Sea versus Chukchi and Bering seas influence.
Functional effects of protein kinase C activation on the human cardiac Na+ channel.

The cardiac Na sup + current plays an important role in determining normal and abnormal impulse propagation in the heart. We have investigated the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on the recombinant human cardiac Na sup + channel (hH1) following heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which directly activates PKC, reduced current amplitude at all test potentials (43 +/- 12% at -10 mV). In contrast to the rat brain IIA (rBIIA) channel, there was no apparent change in either macroscopic Na sup + current decay or the voltage dependence of channel gating. Further experiments indicate that the effects of PMA were mediated by PKC activation: (1) an inactive stereoisomer, 4 alpha-PMA, had no effect; (2) preincubation with the protein kinase inhibitor chelerythrine prevented the PMA effects; and (3) a hydrolyzable diacylglycerol analogue, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol, also reduced current (22 +/- 5%). In addition, when the alpha1B-adrenergic receptor was coexpressed with hH1, the alpha-receptor agonist methoxamine reduced hH1 current (45 +/- 10%), an effect that could be eliminated by chelerythrine preincubation. When a conserved consensus PKC site (serine 1503) in the III-IV interdomain linker thought to be responsible for the PKC effects on rBIIA was mutated, PMA still reduced Na sup + current, but the magnitude of the effect was smaller compared with that for the wild-type channel. Similar findings were obtained with alpha1-receptor stimulation following receptor coexpression with the mutant channel. We conclude that activation of PKC modulates the human cardiac Na sup + channel by at least two mechanisms, one similar to that seen with rat brain channels, involving a conserved putative PKC site, and a second more specific to the cardiac isoform.
An alternative approach to advancing resuscitation science

Stagnant survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remain a great impetus for advancing resuscitation science. International resuscitation guidelines, with all their advantages for standardizing resuscitation therapeutic protocols, can be difficult to change. A formalized evidence-based process has been adopted by the International Liason Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) in formulating such guidelines. Currently, randomized clinical trials are considered optimal evidence, and very few major changes in the Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care are made without such. An alternative approach is to allow externally controlled clinical trials more weight in Guideline formulation and resuscitation protocol adoption. In Tucson, Arizona (USA), the Fire Department cardiac arrest database has revealed a number of resuscitation issues. These include a poor bystander CPR rate, a lack of response to initial defibrillation after prolonged ventricular fibrillation, and substantial time without chest compressions during the resuscitation effort. A local change in our previous resuscitation protocols had been instituted based upon this historical database information.
Size effects on plasmon-phonon modes in polar semiconductors

Abstract The coupled plasmon-optical phonon modes in a finite sample of a degenerate polar semiconductor are studied in the long wavelength limit. The novel feature resulting from the finiteness of the crystal is the existence of surface modes. The manifestation of these modes in the infrared absorption spectra of small samples is disucssed. The effects of the application of a magnetic field are also investigated.
Sequencing the Public Health Genome

The exposome paradigm provides a new approach for conceptualizing and analyzing the impact of single exposures on health outcomes. This article describes the methods used to sequence the public health exposome and implications for the dynamic, multi-dimensional data information system developed by investigators at Meharry Medical College.
Accidental dropping or misplacement of free flaps.

Objectives/Hypothesis Standard operating procedures have been developed in many surgical practices to ensure quality of care as it relates to specimens removed from the body. Most of these specimens are sent to pathology. Some, such as calvarial bone harvested during craniotomy are replaced in the body. Free tissue transfer involves harvesting tissue from one body site, storage for a variable period of time outside of the body, and then insertion in another location. As with any system there is ample opportunity for accidental “misplacement.” We undertook a multi-institutional study to examine the incidence, etiology, and opportunity for process improvement. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods A retrospective review was performed at five institutions (8,382 free flaps). Results Thirteen (0.15%) flaps were dropped or wrapped in a towel/sponge and placed in a waste bucket. Eight radial forearm, three fibula, one latissimus dorsi, and one anterolateral thigh flap were misplaced. All flaps were retrieved, washed in saline/betadine, and implanted into the patient. All flaps survived; no altered outcomes were encountered. The etiology of the misplacement of the free tissue from the sterile field included miscommunication among nursing staff (seven), miscommunication among medical staff (two), and dropping the flap (four). As a result of these events, changes in the handling procedures were instituted including standard labeling methodologies and communication strategies. Conclusions Inadvertent misplacement of free tissue from the sterile field does occur in a sporadic fashion. Process improvement evaluation at all institutions led to improved strategies for prevention. No long-lasting altered outcomes were encountered. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2015
Academic identification as a mediator of the relationship between parental socialization and academic achievement

This study examines whether academic identification, or one’s psychological and emotional investment in academics, mediates the association between child-reported parental educational socialization and standardized achievement test scores among a predominantly ethnic minority sample of 367 urban middle school students. We predicted that academic identification would mediate the relationship between five forms of perceived parental academic socialization (future-oriented, teaching-oriented, effort-oriented, shame-oriented, and guilt-oriented) and achievement when controlling for prior achievement. We found confirmation for this effect among analyses involving teaching, future, and guilt forms of socialization. For teaching, this effect was not present for Black boys. Direct effects indicated that teaching and future socialization was inversely related to student achievement, but when mediated by academic identification it was positive. Guilt was only related to achievement through academic identification. Results suggest the importance of the manner in which parental educational socialization is engaged.
Functional Motions of Immunoglobin Hypervariable Loops

It is well known that the antibody structure IgG contains a Complimentary Determining Region (CDR) comprised of six hypervariable loops on each antigen binding fragment (Fab). Despite the great success of monoclonals in producing antibodies for a wide range of antigens we still do not fully understand the structure-function relationship between the entire IgG structure and the CDR. Here, we analyze flexibility and mobility in the hypervariable loops and build computational models supporting the hypothesis that the IgG structure has evolved to specifically facilitate coordinated movement of the CDR both in large-scale movements to bring the CDR to the antigen and in rearranging the atomic loop positions to intimately interact with its target. We find that low frequency normal modes predominantly act to move sequence variable regions of Fab domains and that such movements result in changes in mean squared internal distances within those regions; loops within a given variable domain move with respect to each other in the dominant modes. In the case of IgG, B-factors are heavily influenced by molecular interactions with other IgGs in the unit cell resulting in a thick lattice of tightly interconnected molecules. Some effects on functional motions of sequence deletions, insertions, and mutations are investigated.
Microwave devices based on left-handed transmission lines

Application of left-handed (LH) metamaterials in the field of microwave engineering has grown rapidly following their experimental verification. In particular, the LH transmission line (TL) has been used to realize various microwave devices not possible with conventional TLs alone. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the recent advances in microwave devices based on LH TLs. In particular, devices based on the unique characteristics of the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TL, which is the general model of a practical LH TL, are presented.
A technique for the simultaneous staining of both nucleolar organizer regions and kinetochores of human chromosomes with silver.

Pretreatment of human metaphase chromosomes with NaOH at a pH of 8.5, followed by staining with silver nitrate, differentially stains both the nucleolar organism regions on the 10 acrocentric chromosomes as well as the kinetochore centers on all 46 chromosomes.
A priori tests of a stochastic mode reduction strategy

Several a priori tests of a systematic stochastic mode reduction procedure recently devised by the authors [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96 (1999) 14687; Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 54 (2001) 891] are developed here. In this procedure, reduced stochastic equations for a smaller collections of resolved variables are derived systematically for complex nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom and a large collection of unresolved variables. While the above approach is mathematically rigorous in the limit when the ratio of correlation times between the resolved and the unresolved variables is arbitrary small, it is shown here on a systematic hierarchy of models that this ratio can be surprisingly big. Typically, the systematic reduced stochastic modeling yields quantitatively realistic dynamics for ratios as large as 1/2. The examples studied here vary from instructive stochastic triad models to prototype complex systems with many degrees of freedom utilizing the truncated Burgers–Hopf equations as a nonlinear heat bath. Systematic quantitative tests for the stochastic modeling procedure are developed here which involve the stationary distribution and the two-time correlations for the second and fourth moments including the resolved variables and the energy in the resolved variables. In an important illustrative example presented here, the nonlinear original system involves 102 degrees of freedom and the reduced stochastic model predicted by the theory for two resolved variables involves both nonlinear interaction and multiplicative noises. Even for large value of the correlation time ratio of the order of 1/2, the reduced stochastic model with two degrees of freedom captures the essentially nonlinear and non-Gaussian statistics of the original nonlinear systems with 102 modes extremely well. Furthermore, it is shown here that the standard regression fitting of the second-order correlations alone fails to reproduce the nonlinear stochastic dynamics in this example. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Indigenous Perceptions of Time: Decolonizing Theory, World History, and the Fates of Human Societies

In this article, I discuss how indigenous understandings of time can contribute to broader studies of human societies, civilizations, and world history. Colonial paradigms have extended into the realm of world history and assumptions of human behavior have been unfairly applied to all human societies and labeled humans as aggressors against nature and each other. This is unjust especially to the populations that remain victims of colonialism and imperialism. I have developed or, put more appropriately, revealed an indigenous historical paradigm that can be applied to the study of human societies, but my primary goal is to provide a model that links indigenous histories in comparative studies of humans and human societies. To provide an adequate discussion of this model, I use examples from two indigenous societies (Maya and Hopi) to develop my thesis, and two other indigenous societies (Haudenosaunee and Cheyenne) for evaluation under this thesis. I conclude with a final discussion of Christian societies ...
Wind Loads on Kresge Auditorium and Traveler’s Building

Experimental results are presented for wind tunnel tests on models of: (a) Kresge Auditorium (M.I.T.); and (b) Traveler’s Building (N.Y. World’s Fair). Kresge Auditorium was tested for two orientations on the wind tunnel floor and one orientation when placed on a ground board, providing an opportunity to compare boundary layer effects. The Traveler’s Building was tested as a simple dome on the floor, in a "clamshell" form and in the final form, "umbrella." Comparison of results for different conditions were made and an attempt was made to correlate general results with previous tests on domes and dome-cylinder combinations.
A hop, skip, and a protein away

Precision medicine has an ever-growing toolbox to make an immediate impact on monogenic diseases, such as limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). LGMD is caused by an exon mutation in the gene encoding γ-sarcoglycan protein, a crucial protein in muscle cell membranes. Gao et al . decided to skip right by this mutation using an exon skipping technology, which restored the reading frame and produced an internally truncated protein substitute of γ-sarcoglycan. This so-called “Mini-Gamma” protein—although a little smaller, slightly weaker, and fewer in number—could perform many of γ-sarcoglycan protein's functions. The authors engineered a Drosophila model of muscular dystrophy with a deletion of the γ-sarcoglycan gene. The diseased flies showed improved cardiac function and better motility when Mini-Gamma was expressed, compared with the LGMD mutated γ-sarcoglycan protein. In a human embryonic kidney cells, Mini-Gamma interacted with its appropriate membrane subunits, a vote of confidence that this approach could work in mammals. In vivo in mice, Mini-Gamma localized properly to muscle cell membranes and reduced the thinness of diaphragm muscles, a common symptom of LGMD. The truncated protein even reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac function. To evaluate human relevance, Gao et al . successfully expressed Mini-Gamma in fibroblasts from a LGMD patient. Sometimes, part of a protein can be enough to reverse disease symptoms. Compared with conventional gene therapy that ultimately expresses a native, whole protein, exon skipping's targeted nature creates a functional, truncated protein. This technique could transform LGMD into the milder Becker form of muscular dystrophy, extending patients' walking time and maintaining muscle strength. However, exon skipping only partially restored the phenotype in prior clinical trials, owing to a lower production level of the truncated protein. Therefore, exon skipping may not be a cure for muscular dystrophy; it's a potential amelioration, and one that still awaits human testing. There is also the challenge to deliver the therapy effectively to several muscle beds to make an impact. Still, a partial correction from a partial protein can make a whole world of difference for LGMD patients. Q. Q. Gao et al ., Reengineering a transmembrane protein to treat muscular dystrophy using exon skipping. J. Clin. Invest. 10.1172/JCI82768 (2015). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/82768
Visualizing Molecular Chirality in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

Although stereochemistry is an important topic in second-year undergraduate organic chemistry, there are limited options for laboratory activities that allow direct visualization of macroscopic chiral phenomena. A novel, guided-inquiry experiment was developed that allows students to explore chirality in the context of cholesteric liquid crystals. As part of the experiment, which requires no specialized equipment, students visually distinguish two enantiomers. A chiral imine is synthesized in one step from an assigned (but unknown to students) enantiomer of 1-phenylethylamine and then dissolved in a nematic liquid crystal host, inducing a helical structure. The resulting cholesteric liquid crystalline material selectively reflects circularly polarized light with a handedness that depends on the absolute configuration of the starting amine, easily detected using circularly polarizing filters from disposable 3D glasses. Working in teams, students examine the behavior of both dopant enantiomers and the racem...
Taxing Manufactured Homes

Manufactured homes are the most important form of unsubsidized affordable housing in this country. They are home to more than twenty-two million people. The residents are predominantly lower-income, including a large proportion of older people. Yet the costs of purchasing and living in a manufactured home are unnecessarily high, because state law incorrectly categorizes the great majority of them as personal property, rather than as real property.To correct this problem, the Uniform Law Commission recently promulgated the Uniform Manufactured Housing Act, which provides a process for converting manufactured homes from personal to real property. The act is designed to lower the costs of living in a manufactured home and to create legal parity between the owners of manufactured and site-built homes. A frequently expressed concern about converting the homes to real property is the tax impact for homeowners and for the government. However, no information is publicly available to determine the impact.'Taxing Manufactured Homes' addresses that issue by analyzing the differences in taxes on a manufactured home that is classified as personal property with the taxes on the home if it is classified as real property. The article also compares the different tax treatments of manufactured and site-built homes. The results may surprise you, as they did me.
Molecular Structure of Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers. Dynamic Mechanical Measurements

Abstract The dynamic shear modulus, mechanical damping, swelling properties in benzene, and infrared spectra have been determined on a series of styrene-butadiene copolymers which were prepared under a variety of polymerization conditions. Evidence is presented which indicates it may be possible to prepare a poly-butadiene rubber which retains its rubberlike properties down to −120° C. Materials of the same overall composition were often found to differ greatly in structure as determined by these experimental methods. Many of these differences can be explained in terms of various types of heterogeneity found in the copolymers. The temperature of maximum mechanical damping is primarily determined by the composition of the copolymer, whereas the width of the damping peak is related to the heterogeneity of the material. The work reported here is part of an investigation of the differences in physical properaties of polymers of like composition that occur as a result of changes in polymerization conditions.
Stereoelectronic properties of metalloenzymes. 10. a refined model that mimics the type II copper(II) site in galactose oxidase

A number of copper(II) complexes of tridentate ligands with various donor atoms have been studied in an attempt to duplicate the unusual reactivity patterns and accompanying spectral changes of the copper(II) center in galactose oxidase. Results indicate that in order to match the optical and electron spin resonance spectral change observed upon CN− binding by the enzyme, an equatorial, negative ligand must be displaced in a small molecule model. The crystal and molecular structure of the best model complex was solved by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound, monoacetato-1,3-bis(2-(4-methyl-pyridyl)imino)isoindolatocopper(II), crystallizes in the centro-symmetric triclinic space group PĪ with a = 7.392(3) A, b = 13.782(5) A, c = 23.422(12) A, α = 92.08(3)°, β = 104.11(5)°, γ = 109.98(4)°, V = 2156(1) A3, d(obsd.)(calc.)=(1.43)(1.44) g/cm−3 for mol wt of 466.7 and Z = 4. Diffraction data were collected with a Syntex Pl diffractometer using graphite-monochromatized Cu radiation (λ = 1.5418 A). The copper atoms were located from a Patterson synthesis; all other nonhydrogen atoms were located via difference. Fourier techniques, and hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions. Final refinement resulted in discrepancy indices of R = 0.089 and “Goodness to Fit” = 3.68 for all 3608 reflections having (I) ⩾ 3σ(I) (5°<2θ<100°). There are two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit that are monomeric and well separated. The geometry around the copper atom is approximately square pyramidal, with the coordination sphere derived from three nitrogens of the tridentate ligand, one oxygen from the acetate unit, and an oxygen atom of a water molecule occupying an axial position. The structure is surprising both in that an axial water molecule is present and that the remaining four ligand atoms to the copper atom are rather distorted from a planar configuration. The plane defined by the copper, N5, and N3 atoms intersects the plane defined by the copper, Nl, and Ol, atoms forming a “twist angle” of 25.0° (0.0° would be ideal for a planar inner coordination sphere). The stereoelectronics of the inner coordination spheres of the type II Cu(II) enzymes galactose oxidase and superoxide dismutase are discussed and appropriate comparisons are made with emphasis on the origin of spectral changes observed upon anion binding.
Semi-Complex Functions and their Graphs

(1962). Semi-Complex Functions and their Graphs. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 282-288.
Electrospinning and Characterization of Novel Opuntia ficus-indica Mucilage Biomembrane

Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi) cactus non-gelling (NE) mucilage nanofibers were electrospun with acetic acid solution and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a polymer. The best fiber coverage was achieved with an aqueous 50% acetic acid solution and 9% low molecular weight PVA at a 70:30 PVA:Mucilage volume ratio. Other volume ratios (30:70 and 50:50) produced beads and other deformities. Fibers were formed with an average diameter of 180nm as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Favorable electrospinning conditions were used to fabricate a 1 cm x 1 cm Ofi nanofiber biomembrane. Heat flow (W/g) versus temperature peaks ranged from 214 – 222°C, which is comparable to endothermic peak ranges observed for crystalline PVA. This could possibly further indicate some form of crystallinity within the Ofi nanofiber membrane. The electrospun process used precursors that were biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable to optimize the mucilage nanofiber formation, which will help enhance the potential performance of the Ofi nanofiber biomembrane in filtration and sensory systems.
LOW PLATELET COUNT AND FATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A POPULATION BASED ANALYSIS

High platelet count has been causally linked to increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction (MI). However, the data on the possible association of low platelet count with fatal MI are limited. This cohort study used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 1988-94 (
Overview of complications of nonsurgical facial rejuvenation procedures.

This article outlines the major complications associated with nonsurgical facial rejuvenation procedures. The adverse reactions associated with fillers, chemical peels, and larger rejuvenation procedures are illustrated. This article provides the plastic surgeon with tips on how to minimize adverse sequelae in this setting; also included are important management considerations that are helpful in limiting the magnitude of such complications if they occur.
Psychosocial characteristics of patients requesting vasectomy.

In a study of 100 consecutive male patients requesting vasectomy the average age was between 30 and 40 years old. Most of the men had been married 10-15 years with 2-4 children. Financial motivation to limit the number of children was given more often than all other reasons combined. There were disproportionate numbers of white patients (87%) and Catholic patients (60%). The reaction to the operation by the patients was uniformly affirmative.
Public Policy and Black Political Violence

Corporate and union power shaped the central city’s adoption of policies intended to stimulate economic growth — Urban Renewal — and maintain social control — the War on Poverty. If their power influenced the causes of public policies designed to serve their interests, it could not control the consequences of those policies. By the late 1960s, the black riots had razed cities across the country. What role did public policies — policies of growth and social control — have in this apparently national breakdown in urban social control?
Insights into the structure–activity relationship of the anticancer compound ZJ-101, a derivative of marine natural product superstolide A: A role played by the lactone moiety

Compound ZJ-101, a structurally simplified analog of the marine natural product superstolide A, was previously developed in our laboratory. In the subsequent structure-activity relationship study, a new analog ZJ-109 was designed and synthesized to probe the importance of the lactone moiety of the molecule by replacing the lactone in ZJ-101 with a lactam. The biological evaluation showed that ZJ-109 is about 8-12 times less active against cancer cells in vitro than ZJ-101, suggesting that the lactone moiety of the molecule is important for its anticancer activity.
Track wheel - a hybrid vehicle suspension system

A description and analysis is presented of a new alternative vehicle suspension system with anticipated good all–terrain performance characteristics. A small–scale development project on track wheel has now reached the stage where early results can be reported which confirm expected features. Track wheels can be made with tracks of three different basic designs. Tracks of two designs can be fabricated using well–developed technology. Several prototype models were made and tested. Tracks of the third design, identified as 'spring track' are more difficult to make but hold the best promise of good vehicle suspension performance. An analysis of a track wheel with a spring track shows the relationship between track wheel load capacity, track deflection, track dimensions and material properties. It shows that spring tracks made from high tensile metals, or possibly from reinforced plastic composite materials, will in theory meet the suspension requirements in many vehicles. Anticipated spring track wheel performance is also described in terms of estimated rolling resistance and estimated dynamic suspension characteristics. It is suggested that further development of track wheel, and in particular of spring track, will lead to a major advance in vehicle suspension.
Cyclin B in Xenopus oocytes: implications for the mechanism of pre-MPF activation.

Abstract Using a polyclonal antibody raised against B2 cyclin from Xenopus laevis, we show that prophase-arrested Xenopus oocytes contain a stockpile of cyclin B2 protein. During progesterone-induced maturation, an increase in the synthesis of cyclin B2 is observed, although Western blotting experiments show that this new synthesis does not significantly increase the mass of cyclin over the maternal stockpile. In the oocyte cyclin B2 is already present in two forms which differ in the extent of phosphorylation, but the phosphorylated form becomes predominant as oocytes progress towards germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), coincident with cdc2 protein kinase activation. These two events do not depend upon formation of a new complex between cyclin and cdc2 protein kinase, since these two proteins are already found associated in resting oocytes, prior to activation of the kinase.
Validation of the Missouri Osteochondral Allograft Preservation System for the Maintenance of Osteochondral Allograft Quality During Prolonged Storage.

Background:Fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) are limited in availability. The Missouri Osteochondral Allograft Preservation System (MOPS) has been reported to effectively preserve OCAs twice as long as current tissue bank protocols in preclinical studies.Hypothesis:The viable chondrocyte density (VCD) in OCAs preserved for up to 70 days using the MOPS will not be significantly different from day 0, and the VCD in MOPS-preserved OCAs will be significantly higher than for standard tissue bank preservation. Media changes during preservation will significantly improve the VCD.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Femoral condyles harvested from qualified donors (n = 12) were quartered (n = 48), assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (tissue bank protocol at 4°C or MOPS at 25°C, with or without media changes), and preserved for 0, 28, 56, or 70 days and assessed for the VCD and histopathological characteristics. In addition, osteochondral explants were created from the femoral condyles of 12 donors...
Using Pounds-Solids to Optimize Plant Efficiency

The first words in Dransfield’s book on “Engineering Systems and Automatic Control” are: “A machine or process is restrained to operate in a predetermined manner; that is, it is controlled. Restraint is usually achieved by controlling a selected physical variable vital to the performance of the particular machine.”It is the intent of this paper to propose pounds-solids as the variable, vital to the operation of a citrus processing plant. Contents of this paper describe a methodology for commercially measuring pounds-solids and using this information to optimize plant efficiency.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Adjuvant Management of Pathologic Node-Positive Disease After Definitive Surgery for Clinical T1-2 N0 Rectal Cancer

Abstract Introduction Patients with cT1-2N0M0 rectal cancer are often treated with up-front surgical resection, with adjuvant treatment reserved for patients upstaged with pathologic node-positive (pN+) disease at surgery. This study evaluates practice patterns and clinical outcomes when comparing different forms of adjuvant treatment for this patient population. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried for cT1-2N0M0 rectal cancer patients between 2004 and 2015 with postoperative pN+ disease treated without neoadjuvant treatment. Patients were divided into groups receiving observation, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Multivariable logistic regression determined factors associated with receipt of adjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves compared overall survival (OS), and Cox regression determined patient factors associated with OS. Results Altogether, 1466 patients met the inclusion criteria; 536 patients (36.6%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, 413 (28.2%) received adjuvant CRT, and 517 (35.3%) were observed postoperatively. Use of adjuvant treatment was associated with superior median OS (124.1 vs. 51.1 months, P Conclusion Most patients found to have pN+ disease after up-front surgery for cT1-2N0 rectal cancer receive adjuvant treatment, which is associated with improved OS. Chemotherapy or CRT are appropriate options, although there was a trend toward higher OS for patients with positive surgical margins receiving CRT.
Refraction and Change in Refraction Over a 20-Year Period in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Purpose Hyperopic shifts in refraction have been consistently reported in adults over 40, followed by myopic shifts after age 70. Although potential factors underlying these changes in refraction in older adults have been investigated previously, the studies were restricted by the limited longitudinal data available. The authors of this study sought to better characterize the long-term trajectory of refraction in older adults using 20 years of prospective data. Methods The impact of cohort effects on refraction over 20 years was examined. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the etiologic factors underlying refraction and changes in refraction measured over a 20-year period (1988-2010) among adults over age 40 from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Results Only individuals with nuclear cataract experienced a myopic shift in refraction, showing a 0.25 diopter (D) decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.44 D to -0.07 D) over a five-year period. Individuals with mild and moderate nuclear sclerosis showed varying degrees of hyperopic shifts over five years (0.22 D: 95% CI: 0.20 D-0.25 D; 0.23 D: 95% CI: 0.20 D-0.27 D, respectively). Conclusions Nuclear cataract is the primary contributor to the myopic shift among older individuals. Birth cohort effects on baseline refraction but not change in refraction were observed.
TREM2 function impedes tau seeding in neuritic plaques

Variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been associated with increased risk for sporadic, late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that germline knockout of Trem2 or the TREM2R47H variant reduces microgliosis around amyloid-β plaques and facilitates the seeding and spreading of neuritic plaque tau aggregates. These findings demonstrate a key role for TREM2 and microglia in limiting the development of peri-plaque tau pathologies.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Has A Positive Effect on Patients With Low Mental Health Scores.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on mental health. Methods A total of 205 patients who underwent primary TKA with baseline and 1-year postoperative Short Form-12 Mental Component Score (MCS) were included in this retrospective analysis. Eighty-five (41%) patients had a preoperative MCS less than 50 points, while 120 (59%) patients had a preoperative MCS over 50 points. Two groups were assigned to the patients based on their preoperative MCS: low MCS 50. Results A preoperative MCS less than 50 points was predictive of greater improvement in MCS at 1 year after TKA (P Conclusion Patients with lower baseline mental health had greater improvement in postoperative mental health following TKA than patients with higher baseline mental health. Low preoperative MCS was associated with less improvement in patient-reported outcome measures. Patients with lower baseline mental health scores before TKA benefit mentally and physically from the procedure.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Fertigation of Broccoli: I. Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Uptake

Production of broccoli (Brassica olearacea L. Italica ) in the south-western USA is highly dependent on inputs of water and N fertilizer to achieve optimum yields and quality. The water and N-response characteristics of subsurface drip-irrigated broccoli have not previously been reported. Field experiments were conducted in southern Arizona during 1993 through 1996. The objectives were to determine: (i) subsurface drip-irrigated broccoli response to a range of soil water tension (SWT), (ii) effects and interactions of water and N fertilizer inputs on crop yield and quality, and (iii) seasonal and daily N uptake. Experiments consisted of factorial combinations of three irrigation regimes (low, medium, and high) and four N rates (60-500 kg N ha -1 ). Irrigation was applied daily to maintain target SWT, and all N was applied by fertigation. With respect to marketable yield, the optimum SWT was 10 kPa in this sandy loam soil, as indicated by response surface models. Marketable yields across all treatments ranged from 18 Mg ha -1 . Marketable yield was significantly affected by N rate during all three seasons, and by SWT during two of three seasons. There were no significant SWT x N interactions for marketable yield. Quality parameters (head weight and diameter) were much more responsive to N rate than to SWT, and there were few significant SWT x N interactions for broccoli quality. Broccoli accumulated up to 320 kg N ha -1 in the aboveground biomass, and N uptake fluxes were as high as 5 kg N ha -1 d -1 at the first bud growth stage (825-1000 heat units after planting [HUAP]).
Higgsless electroweak symmetry breaking

We discuss the possibility of breaking the electroweak symmetry in theories with extra dimensions via boundary conditions, without a physical Higgs scalar in the spectrum. In these models the unitarity violation scale can be delayed via the exchange of massive KK gauge bosons. The correct W/Z mass ratio can be enforced in a model in warped space with a left-right symmetric gauge group in the bulk. Fermion masses can be similarly generated via boundary conditions. In the perturbative regime the S parameter is too large in the simplest model, however this can be alleviated in by changing the structure of the light fermions slightly. The major remaining issue is the inclusion of a heavy top quark without generating an unacceptably large shift in the Zbb coupling.
12 – THz Detectors

This chapter summarizes the operation principles and the current state of the art of THz detectors. THz detection techniques can be divided between pulsed time domain and continuous wave (CW) modalities. For CW systems, two primary modalities exist for detection of signals in the terahertz range. Heterodyne detection involves the reduction of the terahertz signal to sufficiently low frequencies to allow amplification and signal processing. The second approach is direct detection, where the terahertz signal impinging upon a detecting device results in a measurable response. This chapter focuses only on the CW detection methods. Preference is given to the conventional direct detection followed by heterodyne detection. At the end we present plasmonic THz detection technique with the current status and future outlook.
Predictors of Engagement in a Pediatric Weight Management Clinic after Referral

Background: Little is known about factors that affect a family's ability to engage in pediatric weight management clinics (PWMCs). We aimed at comparing child and family characteristics of patients...
Critical Black Women Educators: Resisting the Racial and Ideological Marginality of K-12 Teaching through Critical Professional Development.

Black women educators are severely underrepresented and make up just 5% of US public school teachers. For critical Black women educators working in the hostile racial climates of schools, the ideol...
Rationale and Design of the Women's Health And Daily Experiences Project: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study to Identify Real-Time Predictors of Midlife Women's Physical Activity.

Background: Midlife women are at an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated mortality. Those who have additional risk conditions such as obesity or hypertension report specific barriers to engaging in cardioprotective behaviors such as physical activity (PA). Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding PA determinants and designing interventions for midlife women, although with suboptimal success, as increasing PA could meaningfully attenuate CVD risk. An updated approach to understanding PA among midlife women could improve upon existing resources by focusing on novel psychosocial influences on PA in this population (ie, body satisfaction, social interactions, social comparisons, mood state) and within-person relations between these influences and PA in the natural environment. Objective: The overarching goal of Project WHADE (Women’s Health And Daily Experiences) is to use an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to capture ecologically valid relations between midlife women’s psychosocial experiences and PA as they engage in their normal daily activities. The primary aim of the study is to identify within-person psychosocial predictors of variability in PA (ie, experiences associated with higher vs lower PA for a given individual). Methods: Midlife women (aged 40-60 years) with one or more additional risk markers for CVD (eg, hypertension) will be recruited from primary care clinics and the general community (target n=100). Eligible women will complete an initial survey and a face-to-face baseline session before engaging in a 10-day EMA protocol. Psychosocial experiences will be assessed using a brief self-report via a smartphone 5 times per day, and PA will be assessed throughout waking hours using a research-grade monitor. Participants will return for a brief exit interview at the end of 10 days. Multilevel models that address the nested structure of EMA data will be used to evaluate the study aims. Results: Recruitment and enrollment are ongoing, and a total of 75 women have completed the protocol to date. Data collection is expected to be completed in Fall 2020. Conclusions: Project WHADE is designed to identify naturally occurring psychosocial experiences that predict short-term variability in midlife women’s PA. As such, the results of this study should advance the current understanding of PA among midlife women by providing further insight into within-person psychosocial influences on PA in this group. In the future, this information could help inform the design of interventions for this population.
Factors Influencing Dividend Policy Decisions of NASDAQ Firms

This study reports the results of a 1999 survey of Nasdaq-listed firms. Respondents provided information about the importance of 22 different factors that influence their dividend policy. Our results suggest that many managers of Nasdaq firms make dividend decisions consistent with Lintner's (1956) survey results and model. The results also show significant differences between the manager responses of financial and non-financial firms on nine of the 22 factors. This finding implies the presence of industry effects on dividend policy decisions. In general, the same factors that are important to Nasdaq firms are also important to NYSE firms.
Coming together at the hinges: Therapeutic prospects of IgG3

The human IgG3 subclass is conspicuously absent among the formats for approved monoclonal antibody therapies and Fc fusion protein biologics. Concern about the potential for rapid degradation, reduced plasma half-life, and increased immunogenicity due to marked variation in allotypes has apparently outweighed the potential advantages of IgG3, which include high affinity for activating Fcγ receptors, effective complement fixation, and a long hinge that appears better suited for low abundance targets. This review aims to highlight distinguishing features of IgG3 and to explore its functional role in the immune response. We present studies of natural immunity and recombinant antibody therapies that elucidate key contributions of IgG3 and discuss historical roadblocks that no longer remain clearly relevant. Collectively, this body of evidence motivates thoughtful reconsideration of the clinical advancement of this distinctive antibody subclass for treatment of human diseases. Abbreviations: ADCC - Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated CytotoxicityADE - Antibody-dependent enhancementAID - Activation-Induced Cytidine DeaminaseCH - Constant HeavyCHF - Complement factor HCSR - Class Switch RecombinationEM - Electron MicroscopyFab - Fragment, antigen bindingFc - Fragment, crystallizableFcRn - Neonatal Fc ReceptorFcγR - Fc gamma ReceptorHIV - Human Immunodeficiency VirusIg - ImmunoglobulinIgH - Immunoglobulin Heavy chain geneNHP - Non-Human Primate.
Adverse Effects Associated with Diazoxide Use in Neonates

Background: Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most common cause of persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia in infants. Diazoxide is the first-line treatment used to manage infants with hypoglycemia secondary to HI after initial stabilization of blood glucose. Recent changes in definition of and in guidelines for screening for hypoglycemia in neonates led to an increase in the number of infants being treated with diazoxide. Previous studies have noted various side effects of diazoxide. With the increased use of this drug in …