cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bystander Effect of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy on Chronic Echinococcal Disease

Hydatid cystic disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus and commonly manifests as hepatic and pulmonary cysts. When feasible, based on cyst size and location, surgical resection is potentially curative. Post-surgical recurrence of disease is encountered in up to 25% of patients. Secondary peritoneal contamination is a recognized complication in 5-10% of cases. Disseminated disease is usually palliated using systemic anti-parasitic agents such as benzimidazoles, albendazole and mebendazole but worsening of disease post-systemic treatment is frequent in 14-25% of patients. In this report, we share our experience of a patient with long-standing, chronic disseminated hydatidosis and subsequent diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer who manifested evidence of reduced activity of the echinococcal disease following institution of chemotherapy for his new diagnosis of lung cancer. There was significant reduction in the serum level of anti-echinococcal antibody titers in tandem with chemotherapy administration. There was also minimal but notable decrease in the size of the cysts on serial cross-sectional imaging obtained for monitoring cancer response to chemotherapy. This intriguing observation of a possible benefit of anticancer chemotherapy against echinococcal disease in this index case may provide new insights for therapeutic exploration in disseminated echinococcal disease. World J Oncol. 2015;6(4):416-420 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjon920w
Tungsten Alkyl Alkylidyne and Bis-alkylidene Complexes. Preparation and Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Their Unusual Exchanges

Preparation and characterization of novel alkyl alkylidyne (Me3SiCH2)3W(⋮CSiMe3)(PMe3) (1a) and bis-alkylidene (Me3SiCH2)2W(CHSiMe3)2(PMe3) (1b) and studies of the exchange between alkylidyne 1a an...
Trace elements in igneous rocks, Northwestern and Central Arizona☆

Abstract A study of the nature of trace element distribution within and between igneous plutonic rocks of like and unlike rock type, and of possible regional relationships was made in selected areas of Arizona. Two hundred and twenty-three rock samples were collected along three roughly linear traverses from seven major intrusive bodies, several smaller plutons and dikes, and from one dominantly migmatitic complex. The ferromagnesian phases (chiefly biotite) were separated from each sample and analysed spectrochemically for Pb, Sn, Ga, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mo, V and Ag, and by X-ray fluorescence for Ti, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Cu and Zn. The analytical results, coupled with petrographic and field data, indicate: 1. (1) the minorelement content of the ferromagnesian phases within a given pluton is relatively uniform, and no systematic trends are apparent; 2. (2) a significant difference exists between plutons with respect to the minor-element content of the ferromagnesian phases; 3. (3) the differences in content of certain minor elements may be as great between plutons of like rock type as between different rock types in the range diorite to granite; 4. (4) variations in the content of other minor elements more sensitive to rock type (Zn, Ga, V, Pb) are superimposed on variations between plutons; 5. (5) the Fe Ti and Fe Mn ratios in the bulk rock appear to be unaffected by differences in rook type; 6. (6) virtually all the Cu and Zn in the bulk rock are accounted for in the ferromagnesian. oxide, and sulphide phases; 7. (7) areas of known copper mineralization are reflected in anomalously high copper contents of samples from the associated plutonic bodies.
Epigenetic Regulation in Particulate Matter-Mediated Cardiopulmonary Toxicities: A Systems Biology Perspective

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution exerts significant adverse health effects in global populations, particularly in developing countries with extensive air pollution. Understanding of the mechanisms of PM-induced health effects including the risk for cardiovascular diseases remains limited. In addition to the direct cellular physiological responses such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, PM mediates remarkable dysregulation of gene expression, especially in cardiovascular tissues. The PM-mediated gene dysregulation is likely to be a complex mechanism affected by various genetic and non-genetic factors. Notably, PM is known to alter epigenetic markers (e.g., DNA methylation and histone modifications), which may contribute to air pollution-mediated health consequences including the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Notably, epigenetic changes induced by ambient PM exposure have emerged to play a critical role in gene regulation. Though the underlying mechanism(s) are not completely clear, the available evidence suggests that the modulated activities of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone acetylase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) may contribute to the epigenetic changes induced by PM or PM-related chemicals. By employing genome-wide epigenomic and systems biology approaches, PM toxicogenomics could conceivably progress greatly with the potential identification of individual epigenetic loci associated with dysregulated gene expression after PM exposure, as well the interactions between epigenetic pathways and PM. Furthermore, novel therapeutic targets based on epigenetic markers could be identified through future epigenomic studies on PM-mediated cardiopulmonary toxicities. These considerations collectively inform the future population health applications of genomics in developing countries while benefiting global personalized medicine at the same time.
Toward a Political Sociology of Punishment: Politics and Changes in the Incarcerated Population☆

This study uses time-series regressions to investigate the political and other determinants of shifts in the prison population. Partisanship is measured with Republican control over the presidency. To gauge presidential effects on public opinion, we include counts of the consecutive years Republicans held the presidency, while latent political conflict is assessed with economic inequality. The necessity to compete for votes with punitive measures is assessed with a presidential election dummy. With crime rates and additional effects held constant, the presence of a law-and-order Republican president and the election variable lead to subsequent expansions in the incarcerated population. The length of time Republicans held the presidency and economic inequality also explain this outcome. The results suggest that political determinants explain shifts in the percentage of the population that is incarcerated.
Coping with Fear through Suppression and Avoidance of Threatening Information.

Fear appeal communications are widely used by social marketers in their efforts to persuade individuals to refrain from engaging in risky behaviors. The present research shows that exposure to a fear appeal can lead to the suppression of concepts semantically related to the threat and bias attentional resources away from threat-relevant information. Participants in the experimental condition viewed a fear appeal advertisement depicting the negative consequences of drinking and driving. The results of a reaction time task showed inhibited responses to words semantically related to drinking (e.g., beer, party) relative to a baseline group that controlled for priming effects (Experiment 1a) and level of fear (Experiment 1b). Furthermore, those in the experimental condition were shown to adopt an attention avoidance processing style, decreasing attention to alcohol-related advertisements appearing in a mock magazine (Experiments 2a and 2b). Because processing of alcohol-related advertising has been linked previously to an increase in drinking and driving, inhibited processing of such advertisements suggests a positive outcome of suppression effects. This contrasts with prior claims suggesting that suppression is counter to prevention-based efforts.
Metabolic dependence of transmural potential difference and short circuit current in isolated Aplysia juliana intestine

1. 1. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current of intestinal sheets of AplysiaJuliana were stable up to 4 hr. 2. 2. Transmural potential differences was serosa negative relative to the mucosa and the short-circuit current was consistent with a net active anion transport from mucosa to serosa. 3. 3. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current were absolutely dependent upon the presence of sodium and chloride in the bathing medium. 4. 4. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current were predominantly dependent upon aerobic metabolism, however a small electrical component was dependent upon glycolytic energy. 5. 5. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current was dependent on Na+-K+ stimulated ATPase activity. 6. 6. The major portion of the short-circuit current is carried by a net active chloride transfer from the mucosal to serosal compartments.
Preliminary Report on Buried Pre-Mesozoic Rocks in Florida and Adjacent States: ABSTRACT

In the southeastern Coastal Plain, information is available on 60 widely scattered oil test wells that have been drilled through the Cenozoic and Mesozoic deposits into older rocks representing a wide variety of types. In Florida and Georgia these buried pre-Mesozoic rocks fall in three general classifications which are: End_Page 2070------------------------------ 1. Dominantly marine sedimentary Paleozoic rocks that at present are known to range in age from late Cambrian or early Ordovician to Silurian. 2. Volcanic rocks which underlie sedimentary rocks considered to be of early Paleozoic age. 3. Crystalline rocks that are chiefly granitic and metamorphic. These rocks are possibly in part pre-Cambrian and in part Paleozoic in age. In the Coastal Plain of Alabama, the buried pre-Mesozoic rocks are classified as: 1. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cambrian and Ordovician to Pennsylvanian. 2. Metamorphic rocks that are possibly pre-Cambrian in age. The volcanic rocks that underlie the early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in Florida and Georgia have not been discovered in Alabama. Most of the wells in the pre-Mesozoic rocks have been drilled within the past decade, and in Florida and southern Georgia the discovery of volcanic and crystalline rocks and Paleozoic strata is a comparatively recent addition to geologic knowledge. One map shows the location of the wells penetrating the pre-Mesozoic rocks and the types of rocks penetrated. Based on the study of cores and cuttings in connection with the geographic distribution of the wells, a diverse lithologic pattern is being revealed in the pre-Mesozoic rocks of the subsurface in the southeastern Coastal Plain. By means of contours drawn at 1,000-foot intervals on top of the pre-Mesozoic rocks, a second map shows the present configuration of the surface of these rocks. Two structural profiles drawn through series of wells in Georgia and Florida show an interpretation of the present structure of the pre-Mesozoic rocks and the relation of the overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits to the pre-Mesozoic surface. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2071------------
Textile chemical finish dermatitis

Chemicals used on fabrics to improve 10 different performance characteristics have resulted in irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. The most significant problem is due to formaldehyde and N-methylol compounds to produce durable press fabrics. Little is known about incidence of finish dermatitis or mode and amount of transfer of chemicals from fabric to skin.
A theorem on ideals in prüfer rings of integral-valued polynomials

For any integral doma in A with quotient filed K and for any positive integer n define Int .We show that, with certain restrictions placed on A and with n = 1, Int(A,1) is a Prufer domain and we use this to prove the following theorem: If I, J are finitely generated idelas in Int(a,1) satisfying I(a) = J(a) for every a∊A, then I = J.
Dogs, cats, raccoons, and bats: Where is the real risk for rabies?

Abstract [Moran GJ. Dogs, cats, raccoons, and bats: where is the real risk for rabies? Ann Emerg Med. May 2002;39:541-543.]
Environmental communication and the public sphere

As the number of environmental communication (EC) courses expands, it is important to consider the available pedagogical literature. Robert Cox’s Environmental Communication in the Public Sphere (2...
Malaria Parasites of Toucans

SYNOPSIS. Of 2 species of malaria parasites described from the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), one (Plasmodium huffi) has been thought to be of doubtful validity, mainly because the erythrocytic cycle was said to include 2 distinct types of segmenters, varying greatly in size and fecundity. We recently found a parasite in a Swainson's toucan (R. swainsonii) which seems the same as the smaller component of P. huffi, and a 2nd small species of Plasmodium, apparently P. rouxi, in the blood of a sulfur-breasted toucan (R. s. sulfuratus). Unlike P. huffi, the former is easily transmissible by blood inoculation to canaries, in which it causes a highly fatal infection. It resembles P. nucleophilum structurally, tho there are minor differences. We propose to call it Plasmodium nucleophilum tucani. In sharp contrast to P. huffi, only mature erythrocytes in the blood are parasitized. Death of infected canaries seems to be the result of massive invasion of the internal organs, especially lungs and brain, by exoerythrocytic stages. A number of other bird species, among them the common jungle babbler, lesser hill mynah, ring-necked and sacred white dove, common pigeon, and Indian hill partridge (chukar) proved essentially refractory, but the collared aracari developed a mild infection much like that observed in toucans. Two young sulfur-breasted toucans failed to become infected when given heavy dosages of blood from a blue-eared glossy starling having a naturally acquired infection of Plasmodium nucleophilum, of the type occurring in passerines.
Nocturnal Heat Island Intensities and Relevance to Forecasts of Mixing Heights

Abstract Daily minimum temperature differences for 1964 for pairs of urban and rural stations in 31 United States cities are summarized. The indication is that early morning urban-rural temperature differences vary over a large range. In the cold season the range of temperature differences from the 10th to the 90th percentiles (inclusive) is 10°F or more at a majority of the cities. The results further indicate that the technique of assuming a constant urban-rural temperature difference in forecasting morning mixing heights is questionable. It is suggested that the Summers technique (or a similar method) for calculating heat island intensity be considered a replacement for the constant value temperature-difference technique used in forecasting mixing heights.
Low angle scouring erosion behaviour of elastomeric materials

Abstract Elastomers are a particularly important class of material, finding increasing utilization in applications such as piping and tubular components; pumps; valves and cyclones; where considerable resistance to low angle scouring erosion is critical. Assessment of elastomers at impingement angles >10° has been readily available using various slurry jet devices, however, there is a clear need for a suitable method for evaluating these materials under conditions of high velocity, low angle ( Based on this requirement, a new specimen holder was developed for the Coriolis slurry erosion tester. This rig has previously been shown to provide a convenient and repeatable method for evaluating the scouring erosion resistance of a variety of hard materials [1]; however, until recently the capability to assess elastomeric materials was hindered by the distortion of specimens when the holding force was applied. The new holder alleviates this problem and ensures improved control of the slurry flow over the specimen surface thus producing consistent and reproducible erosion scars, which can be used for determining the expected wear of elastomers under conditions of low angle erosion. The current work examines the scouring erosion resistance and mechanisms of material removal for selected elastomers and compares data with that of various white irons, steels, cermets and overlays. The influence of erodent type on the resulting wear mechanisms has also been examined. Results have enabled correlations to be made between scouring erosion attack resistance, hardness and material type.
Electrophoretic Studies of Commercial and Iodinated Casein

Summary An electrophoretic study of commercial casein, iodinated casein, and Prota-mone was made in a new model no. 38 electrophoresis apparatus (Perkin-Elmer Corp.). It was observed that casein consists of an α and β component. The observations of other investigators of the electrophoretic pattern of casein were confirmed. It was observed that Protamone, unlike its mother substance casein, was homogeneous electrophoretically. The electrophoretic mobility of Protamone was −6.0 to −9.2 10−5 at pH 6.0, 8.3 and 7.5 in acetate and barbiturate buffers with an ionic strength of 0.1. Furthermore, the electrophoretic mobility of Protamone was significantly higher than either α or β-casein under all the conditions studied. It also was observed that incubation with stirring of casein at 39° C. did not change the electrophoretic pattern in barbiturate buffer pH 7.5 with an ionic strength of 0.1. However, when iodine was added the electrophoretic pattern was changed and only a small peak of β-casein was observed. Casein incubated at 70° C. with or without iodination when studied electrophoretically in barbiturate buffer pH 7.5 with an ionic strength of 0.1 showed a single peak.
Concentration Residual Augmented Classical Least Squares (CRACLS): A Multivariate Calibration Method with Advantages over Partial Least Squares

A significant extension to the classical least-squares (CLS) algorithm called concentration residual augmented CLS (CRACLS) has been developed. Previously, unmodeled sources of spectral variation have rendered CLS models ineffective for most types of problems, but with the new CRACLS algorithm, CLS-type models can be applied to a significantly wider range of applications. This new quantitative multivariate spectral analysis algorithm iteratively augments the calibration matrix of reference concentrations with concentration residuals estimated during CLS prediction. Because these residuals represent linear combinations of the unmodeled spectrally active component concentrations, the effects of these components are removed from the calibration of the analytes of interest. This iterative process allows the development of a CLS-type calibration model comparable in prediction ability to implicit multivariate calibration methods such as partial least squares (PLS) even when unmodeled spectrally active components are present in the calibration sample spectra. In addition, CRACLS retains the improved qualitative spectral information of the CLS algorithm relative to PLS. More importantly, CRACLS provides a model compatible with the recently presented prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method. The CRACLS/PACLS combination generates an adaptable model that can achieve excellent prediction ability for samples of unknown composition that contain unmodeled sources of spectral variation. The CRACLS algorithm is demonstrated with both simulated and real data derived from a system of dilute aqueous solutions containing glucose, ethanol, and urea. The simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and help elucidate the principles behind the method. Using experimental data, we compare the prediction abilities of CRACLS and PLS during cross-validated calibration. In combination with PACLS, the CRACLS predictions are comparable to PLS for the prediction of the glucose, ethanol, and urea components for validation samples collected when significant instrument drift was present. However, the PLS predictions required recalibration using nonstandard cross-validated rotations while CRACLS/PACLS was rapidly updated during prediction without the need for time-consuming cross-validated recalibration. The CRACLS/PACLS algorithm provides a more general approach to removing the detrimental effects of unmodeled components.
Collaborative e-work parallelism in supply decisions networks: the chemical dimension

In today’s increasingly networked and interconnected environments, business processes and associated decisions tend to span across organizational boundaries, making traditional centralized coordination impractical and/or unfeasible. Furthermore, collaborative networked organizations need to be able to respond to rapidly changing demands and requirements, under uncertain conditions and without centralized control. This situation emphasizes the need for adaptive, distributed, and self-coordinated supply network decisions models. This study focuses on the efficient coordination of parallel, reconfigurable, inter-organizational supply operations. The chemical dimension of collaborative e-work parallelism is introduced, including a novel market-based mechanism that supports supply networks’ parallel and decentralized reconfiguration. The newly developed approach is illustrated by examples from a global industry network, demonstrating its advantages, and identifying its limitations.
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect: Repair with an Intra-Superior Vena Cava Baffle

Although sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) is a relativelysimplecongenitalcardiaclesion,repairshouldbe performed carefully to avoid obstruction of blood flow from the superior vena cava (SVC), associated anomalous rightsided pulmonary veins, or both of these structures. Sinus venosusASDsarelocatedoutsideoftheovalfossaatthepoint of entry of the SVC into the right atrium usually in close proximity to the pulmonary veins draining the right upper lung. 1 Often the right superior and occasionally middle pulmonary veins appear to enter the right atrium close to the SVC orifice; not uncommonly, these veins enter directly into the SVC. A true secundum ASD or patent foramen ovale may also be present. Sinus venosus ASDs without anomalous pulmonary venous drainage may be managed by simple patch closure of the ASD with preservation of SVC blood flow into therightatrium.Inthepresenceofanomalousdrainageofthe pulmonary veins at or above the SVC‐right atrial junction, a number of reconstructive options may be employed for management of these defects. When the entrance of the pulmonary veins is high in the rightatriumwithanadequaterimoftissueattheorificeofthe SVC, simple patch closure of the defect can be performed, taking care to orient the patch to allow unobstructed pulmonary venous return into the left atrium while maintaining unobstructed SVC return to the right atrium. The Warden procedure may be successfully employed in cases where the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is high into the SVC. 2,3 In this procedure, the SVC is transected above the entry point of the pulmonary veins and the cardiac end of the SVC is oversewn. The SVC orifice is then baffled to the left atrium through the ASD; in this way the SVC orifice effectively serves as a large common orifice for the anomalous pulmonary veins. The reconstruction is completed by anastomosing the distal end of the SVC to the right atrial appendage to reestablish SVC drainage. For sinus venosus ASDs accompanied by anomalous pulmonary venous drainage that enters the SVC just superior to the cavoatrial junction or slightly higher, a pulmonary venous baffle to the ASD can be constructed via an incision in the SVC‐right atrial junction with patch enlargement of the junction. This technique requires precise technical execution toproduceunobstructedSVCandpulmonaryvenousreturn. In addition, it is important to avoid damage to the coronary arterial blood supply of the sinoatrial (SA) node at the time of surgery, which may demonstrate substantial anatomic variability from patient to patient.
Synthetic control of intrinsic ground-state defects in a mixed valence quasi-one-dimensional Pt halide chain

Abstract The new linear chain compound [Pt(en)2Cl2][Pt(en)2][Pt(CN)4]2 has been synthesized through two independent methods to yield a quasi-one-dimensional chain with very strong hydrogen bonding interactions. The high charge density wave (CDW) character will be discussed in terms of an unusual hydrogen bonding network which bridges adjacent chains but does not bridge adjacent oxidized and reduced units within a chain. Such a network is unique and breaks from known CDW trends derived from the template effect. The results of the structural analysis by X-ray crystallography have shown that the chains grown from two independent methods are isostructural with one another. Spectroscopic results (resonance Raman and diffuse reflectance) clearly demonstrate the presence of ground-state polaronic defects in crystals grown from solution of stoichiometric amounts of subunits while crystals grown from Pt(IV) rich solutions display a complete absence of ground-state polaronic signatures. These results will be discussed in terms of how one can chemically control the presence and amount of ground-state reduced site defects in the general class of MX materials.
Taxonomy of Anisotes Nees (Acanthaceae: Justicieae) in the Comoros Archipelago and a preliminary List of Acanthaceae in the Islands

Abstract DANIEL, T. F. (2014). Taxonomy of Anisotes Nees (Acanthaceae: Justicieae) in the Comoros Archipelago and a preliminary list of Acanthaceae in the Islands. Candollea 69: 45–54. In English, English and French abstracts. A new species and a new combination in Anisotes Nees are proposed for the acanthaceous flora of the Comoros Archipelago. The new species, Anisotes mayottensis T. F. Daniel, is known only from Mayotte, and can be distinguished from its Comoran congener by its unequally five-lobed (4+1) or equally four-lobed calyx; longer corolla, stamens, and thecae; and fouraperturate pollen. Anisotes comorensis (Lindau) T. F. Daniel, based on Himantochilus comorensis Lindau, is proposed for a species endemic to Grande Comore. A lectotype is designated for Himantochilus comorensis. Both species are described, mapped, and distinguished by a key; Anisotes mayottensis is also illustrated. All Acanthaceae known from the archipelago are listed in a table.
Quantitative analysis of hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone, the major plasma metabolite of hydralazine.

Abstract A specific, high-performance liquid chromatographic techinique for the measurement of hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone is described. This method utilized reversed-phase chromatography for the separation of this hydrophilic metabolite of hydralazine from other fluid constituents present in serum, plasma, or urine of human volunteers and rabbits receiving hydralazine. Detection of the compound of interest is accomplished spectrophotometrically at 250 nm.
Electron Emission from Metals as a Function of Temperature; Added Note

Recent very accurate measurements on the emission from filaments suggest that the constant $A$ has the same value for all pure crystalline substances such as pure W, Mo and Ta, but is less for thoriated tungsten, caesiated tungsten and oxide covered platinum. This apparent disagreement with theory is briefly discussed.
System for supply network management

Strategies and algorithms for operational planning and control are quite important to successful operations of a supply network. Implementation of a strategy requires substantial information system support, but few detailed designs of such systems have appeared in the literature. We designed an information system for a centralized management concept that could handle any type of strategy or algorithm. We developed algorithms for two different strategies deemed important by researchers and practitioners, push and pull, and implemented them in system modules. This information system performed well in simulations of the management of operations of an example six-stage supply network. This system provides an example for operational development as well as a platform for laboratory experiments.
Risk-Based Premiums for Insurance Guaranty Funds

Insurance guaranty funds have been adopted in all states to compensate policyholders for losses resulting from insurance company insolvencies. The guaranty funds charge flat premium rates, usually a percentage of premiums. Flat premiums can induce insurers to adopt high-risk strategies, a problem that can be avoided through the use of risk-based premiums. This article develops risk-based premium formulas for three cases: a) an ongoing insurer with stochastic assets and liabilities, b) an ongoing insurer also subject to jumps in liabilities (catastrophes), and c) a policy cohort, where claims eventually run off to zero. Premium estimates are provided and compared with actual guaranty fund assessment rates.
Effects of environmental pH and temperature on embryonic survival capacity and metabolic rates in the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum.

Although the deleterious effects of acid precipitation on forest ecosystems and fisheries have been documented, relatively little information is available on the effects of environmental pH in combination with temperature on the survival capacity and/or physiology of amphibians. Increased acidity resulting from acid precipitation common to the northwestern United States, can lead to increased mortality in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. In view of the potentially significant deleterious effects of stressful pH conditions on amphibian survivorship and the relative paucity of data on this subject, the present study was conducted in order to ascertain the combined effects of temperature and pH on embryonic metabolic rates and survival capacity in the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum Mathes. No previous data on these parameters are available for this species.
Nonadiabatic, momentum-dependent, and energy-dependent corrections in the effective-potential description for low-energy scattering of spinless systems: Their relations and validity.

In the effective-potential description for low-energy scattering involving a spinless complex (a body with internal structure), the nonadiabatic corrections are sometimes disguised in momentum-dependent terms. These are distinct from energy-dependent corrections. A general procedure is given here by which all the momentum-dependent corrections can be converted into nonadiabatic corrections in truly local form. Circumstances under which an expansion of the effective potential, in terms of the adiabatic term plus nonadiabatic and energy-dependent corrections is allowed and forbidden, are discussed. An example for the latter is in the case of near degeneracy in the spectrum of the complex or in the extrapolation of the effective potential to short-distance behavior. This indicates that certain claims of 'saturation effect' at short distances in low-energy electron-atom scattering are invalid.
Applying Principles of Innovation to Curriculum Revision

This paper expresses the author's point of view that principles and concepts traditionally identified with Industrial Innovation can be productively applied to activities that are related to the creation of new courses and to the revisions of existing courses that comprise academic programs. The author outlines a proven market based method for successful curricular revision. The approach outlined is derived directly from the traditional stages associated with the innovation process. In support of the viewpoint expressed in this paper, the author makes reference to several classic articles and includes relevant references to his own published work.
A Weil-Bound Free Proof of Schur's Conjecture

Letfbe a polynomial with coefficients in the ring OKof integers of a number field. Suppose thatfinduces a permutation on the residue fields OK/p for infinitely many nonzero prime ideals p of OK. Then Schur's conjecture, namely thatfis a composition of linear and Dickson polynomials, has been proved by M. Fried. All the present versions of the proof use Weil's bound on the number of points of absolutely irreducible curves over finite fields in order to get a Galois theoretic translation and to finish the proof by means of finite group theory. This note replaces the use of this deep result by elementary arguments.
Ecophenotypic variation in the Flat Tree Oyster, Isognomon alatus (Bivalvia: Isognomonidae), across a tidal microhabitat gradient

Abstract Isognomon alatus is a sessile intertidal bivalve species that attaches to hard substrata. Within the Florida Keys, where tidal ranges are usually less than 1 m, settlement sites only a few centimetres apart experience drastically different tidal microhabitats. These varying conditions may create morphological gradients that can complicate taxonomic designations. To quantify and characterize the conchological effects of this microhabitat gradient and estimate the degree to which these effects can confuse species identification, I. alatus was studied in relation to tidal position using geometric morphometrics. Isognomon alatus was only found at positions 0.4 m below the highest tide mark, positions exposed to air less than 80% of the time. Below this limit specimen size, immersion time, and area available all covary. Shape differences due to ontogeny were removed using regression and the remaining phenotypic variation within these specimens is significantly correlated with the measured habitat cond...
The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ ligand rosiglitazone delays the onset of inflammatory bowel disease in mice with interleukin 10 deficiency

Aims To test whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand rosiglitazone (Ro) has therapeutic activity in the IL-10(-/-) mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to identify the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of Ro action. Methods The progression of spontaneous chronic colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice was compared in 5-week-old mice fed a standard diet with or without Ro for 12 weeks. The possible therapeutic effect of Ro was also tested over a 6-week interval in older IL-10(-/-) mice with established IBD. Results Treatment with Ro slowed the onset of spontaneous IBD in IL-10(-/-) mice. Crypt hyperplasia, caused by increased mitotic activity of crypt epithelial cells, was also delayed by Ro. Treatment with Ro significantly decreased expression of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in the colon, whereas expression of IL-12p40 was unchanged. PPARgamma was detected in epithelial cells throughout the crypts and surface. Ro increased expression of PPARgamma protein in these cells, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop that would potentiate its action in these cells. Ro also specifically increased expression of a novel PPAR target, aquaporin-8 (AQP8), in differentiated colonic epithelial surface cells, demonstrating that PPARgamma is not only present but also regulates gene expression in these cells in vivo. Finally, Ro was ineffective in improving disease activity in older IL-10(-/-) mice with established IBD. Conclusions PPARgamma is expressed, and the PPARgamma ligand Ro regulates gene expression in colonic epithelial cells. As a single agent, Ro works best for disease prevention in the IL-10(-/-) mouse model for IBD.
Effects of the G(-656)A Variant on CREB1 Promoter Activity in a Glial Cell Line : Interactions With Gonadal Steroids and Stress

Major depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes a major public health problem worldwide and affects women twice as frequently as men. Previous genetic studies have revealed significant evidence of linkage of the CREB1 region to mood disorders among women from families with recurrent, early-onset MDD (RE-MDD), a severe and familial subtype of MDD. A rare G to A transition at position -656 in the CREB1 promoter cosegregates with mood disorders in women from these families, implicating CREB1 as a sex-related susceptibility gene for unipolar mood disorders. In the current study, the functional significance of the CREB1 promoter variant was determined using transfection experiments that employed constructs containing the wild-type or variant CREB1 promoters coupled to a reporter gene. The results support the hypothesis that the A-656 allele contributes to the development of MDD in women by selectively altering the activity of the CREB1 promoter in glial cells exposed to 17 β-estradiol. Furthermore, the exaggeration of this effect during a simulated stress condition may be relevant to reported gene–environment interactions that contribute to the emergence of MDD in clinical populations. The results of in silico analysis revealed four putative binding sites for transcription factors that are affected by the G to A transition at position -656, of which CP2 best fit the experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Eruption of andesite triggered by dyke injection: contrasting cases at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka and Mt Katmai, Alaska

Arc volcanoes often erupt andesite that appears to have been stored in reservoirs at shallow depth for protracted periods. As crystal-rich andesite is close in density to upper crust, such storage ...
Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Risks

Women with congenital heart disease (CHD) now comprise most patients with heart disease seen during pregnancy, accounting for 80% of all patients. In general, pregnancy is well tolerated in patients with CHD. For some women with particularly high-risk lesions and poor functional class, however, pregnancy poses significant risk for cardiovascular complications, including premature death. As result, preconception counseling and risk stratification are mandatory and should be done in all women of childbearing age with CHD.
The pyramidal-mosaic color kinescope

Viewing characteristics are presented for a color kinescope incorporating a screen composed of tiny three-sided pyramids having the respective sides coated with the three phosphors, and three electron guns situated advantageously so that each beam impinges only on its respective primary-colored phosphor.
Mechanism for nucleation and growth of manganese nodules

FERROMANGANESE oxide crusts and concretions cover vast areas of the sea floor1,2 and the relatively high concentrations of cobalt, nickel and copper in manganese nodules, together with the high population densities of polymetallic nodules on certain sea beds, such as the North Pacific Equatorial Belt3, mean that these marine sediments are potential ore deposits. A fact that is often overlooked, however, is that in many sedimentary environments most of the manganese and iron does not accumulate in the form of ferromanganese nodules, but instead is distributed throughout the sediment in the form of dispersed microscopic concretions4. A fundamental problem in accounting for the origin and distribution of polymetallic nodules is to explain the nucleation and growth of the host ferromanganese oxide phases. We demonstrate here that crystal-structure relationships between host manganese (IV) oxide and iron (III) oxide hydroxide phases control the authigenesis, mineralogy and metal enrichments of manganese nodules.
Complications of elastic stable intramedullary nailing in pediatric fracture management: AAOS exhibit selection.

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) for pediatric fracture management has gained increasing popularity since its introduction in the late 1970s. Relatively few modifications have been made to the original technique in the last forty years, which illustrates the sound biomechanical principles and simplicity of the technique. Jean-Paul Metaizeau, the originator of the technique, pointed out that poor results after ESIN were typically due to incorrect constructs, incorrect indications, and insufficient surgeon training1. The initial (1977 to 1980) indications for ESIN were limited to pediatric patients with multiple injuries or head trauma in whom cast or traction treatment was not practical. Later, its use was extended to all diaphyseal fractures of long bones in children. With widespread acceptance, the indications have been further expanded to metaphyseal fractures, comminuted fractures, pathologic fractures, and fractures of smaller bones (including clavicular, supracondylar humeral, and metacarpal fractures). ESIN was introduced in the United States in 19972. The literature is replete with reports of the clinical success of ESIN, but reports related to its complications are scarce. The aim of this manuscript was to review the common complications related to ESIN and provide technical pearls to manage and avoid complications. The principle of ESIN involves balanced nailing (i.e., use of two flexible nails of the same diameter to provide elasticity and stability in opposite directions at the fracture site). This principle is different from the principle of the Ender nail, which is based on maximal filling of the medullary canal3. To achieve balanced nailing when two nails are used, the apex of curvature of each nail should be at the fracture site. To achieve this, both nails should have the curvature of the letter “C” if they are inserted from opposite sides of the bone, or one nail should have …
Activin-A Regulates Follistatin Secretion from Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells*

The activin-binding protein, follistatin (FS), was immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled rat anterior pituitary cells or their media using a specific antiserum to purified porcine FS (anti-FS). Several immunoreactive proteins, including one that had a mobility in the range of 42-44 kilodaltons (kDa), were detected in the cell lysates. When immunoprecipitates of the culture medium were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a broad 35- to 46-kDa or 39- to 53-kDa band was visualized under unreducing or reducing conditions, respectively. Upon deglycosylation by treatment with N-glycosidase-F, the secreted product migrated as a sharp protein band with an apparent size of 35 kDa. The identity or the relatedness of the immunoprecipitated proteins to FS was verified by the ability of the C-terminally truncated form of recombinant human FS (rhFS288) to compete for binding to anti-FS. When the cultured rat anterior pituitary cells were treated with either forskolin or 12-O-...
Synaptic integration in motoneurons with hyper-excitable dendrites.

Motoneurons have extensive dendritic trees that receive the numerous inputs required to produce movement. These dendrites are highly active, containing voltage-sensitive channels that generate pers...
Measurement of physical parameters with special fibers

Special fibers are mainly prepared by material system modification or structure change of the conventional fused silica fiber with the UV-curable resin coating. Material system modification of the fibers is reviewed, and special structures introduced in the fiber cross section and fiber longitudinal direction are also explained. Special fiber are tolerable to more influence by the physical parameters such as the temperature, strain, pressure, rotation, electric field, magnetic field, and moisture. Measurement of each physical parameter with special fibers are explained.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tannic-acid staining material on high endothelial venules and lymphocytes in skin and peripheral lymph nodes in Staphylococcus aureus-associated erythroderma.

Summary The recognition and binding of glycoprotein receptors on lymphocytes to specific antigens present on high endo-thelial venules (HEV) precedes the egress of lymphocytes from the blood stream into the tissues. In this paper, we report the presence of HEVs with tannic-acid staining material (TASM+ HEVs) in Staphylococcus aureus-associated erythroderma, which allow the migration of CD8+ lymphocytes from the bloodstream into the epidermis. TASM positivity is also expressed on lymphocytes within the regional lymph nodes, and by intravascular lymphocytes prior to leaving the TASM+ HEV. It is proposed that TASM positivity may represent a molecule, which may function in binding lymphocytes to HEVs prior to egress from the HEV. (TASM is lost from lymphocytes after leaving the HEVs.) The expression of TASM positivity may form an essential part of the CDS+ lymphocyte-HEV recognition system, and may be the means whereby CD8+ lymphocytes generated in the regional lymph nodes by various mitogens (in this case by staphylococcal mitogens) may ‘home’ to specific sites within the epidermis. TASM positivity on both the HEVs and lymphocytes may serve as a convenient marker of such a system.
The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Inhalation and Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Egg Shell Deposition

Abstract Helbacka et al. (1963) reported that exposure of laying hens to an atmosphere containing 5 percent carbon dioxide for 24 to 48 hours led to a marked decrease in the calcification of the shell. They suggested that deposition of calcium carbonate is dependent upon blood pH and is depressed when blood pH is lowered either by respiratory acidosis or by ammonium chloride feeding (Hall and Helbacka, 1959). This suggestion that depressed deposition of calcite follows low blood pH, independent of arterial carbon dioxide tension, is difficult to reconcile with results obtained with mammalian species. Freeman and Fenn (1953) found that rats chronically exposed to high levels of inspired carbon dioxide displayed hypercalcification of the bone, calcite being the major mineral component deposited in excess over the normal. Schaefer et al. (1963) exposed subjects chronically to 1.5 percent carbon dioxide and suggested that the disturbance noted in calcium metabolism was dependent…
The distribution of 54Mn in the enamel and dentine of the rat incisor

Abstract The distribution of 54 Mn was studied in the lower incisors of rats. Autoradiograms show 54 Mn to be present in the enamel and dentine 5, 10 and 15 days after its administration. In the dentine, the radioisotope is first localized in a zone near to and encircling the pulp and later becomes more diffuse. Pre-existing as well as the newly formed enamel incorporates the isotope. In both enamel and dentine 54 Mn appears to be principally associated with the inorganic portion.
ENRICHMENT OF HUMAN PLATELET PHOSPHOLIPIDS WITH LINOLEIC ACID DIMINISHES THROMBOXANE RELEASE

Abstract We have investigated whether exposure of human platelets to elevated concentrations of linoleic acid, the principal dietary polyunsaturate, would influence platelet thromboxane A 2 release. Platelets were incubated with albumin-bound linoleic acid at 30°C for 24 h, with prostaglandin E 1 added to prevent aggregation. The linoleic acid supplemented platelets released, on averaged, 50% less thromboxane A 2 in response to stimulation with thrombin than corresponding control platelets. Other fatty acids were without appreciable effect. The inhibition of thrombin-stimulated thromboxane A 2 release was dependent on the time and temperature of incubation, as well as on the concentration of added linoleic acid. Supplementation increased the amount of linoleic acid in the platelet phospholipids, but the arachidonic acid content of the phospholipids was reduced. [1- 14 C]Linoleic acid was not converted to arachidonic acid by the platelets. Linoleic acid was released exclusively form the inositol phosphoglycerides when the enriched platelets were stimulated with thrombin. The linoleate-enriched platelets converted less [1- 14 C]arachidonic acid to all prostaglandin products, suggesting that the platelet cyclooxygenase was partially inhibited.
A Combinatorial Central Limit Theorem

Let (Y n1,…,Y nn be a random vector which takes on the n! permutations of (1,…, n) with equal probabilities. Let c n(i,j), i,j = 1, …, n, be n real numbers. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic normality of $$ S_n = \sum\limits_{i - 1}^n {c_n \left( {i,Y_{ni} } \right)} $$ are given (Theorem 3). For the special case c n(i,j) = a n(i)b n(j) a stronger version of a theorem of Wald, Wolfowitz and Noether is obtained (Theorem 4). A condition of Noether is simplified (Theorem 1).