cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Folie à deux and the function of reality testing.

(1970). Folie a Deux and the Function of Reality Testing. Psychiatry: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 390-395.
Cluster methods for strongly correlated electron systems

We develop, clarify, and test various aspects of cluster dynamical mean field methods using a soluble toy model as a benchmark. We find that the cellular dynamical mean field theory (CDMFT) converges very rapidly and compare its convergence properties with those of the dynamical cluster approximation. We propose and test improved estimators for the lattice self-energy within CDMFT.
Comparative Morphology, Compatibility, And Interfertility of Auricularia Cornea, A. Polytricha, and A. Tenuis

Single-spore isolates were made from 13 collections of Auricularia cornea, A. polytricha, and A. tenuis collected from a variety of hardwoods from the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Haw...
Formation of filamentous forms of Newcastle disease virus in hypertonic concentration of sodium chloride.

SummaryIn 4 separate experiments it has been shown that the virus of Newcastle disease of chickens probably has a spherical shape when in water or .8% saline. If the concentration of saline is increased to two per cent or more the virus becomes filamentous. It may be fixed with osmic acid at this concentration and will then retain, its shape when placed in water. It reverts to the spherical form when replaced in water without previous fixation. No loss of infectivity was detected during these changes in concentration of saline.
Atomistic Simulations Reveal a Surprising Variety of Morphologies in Precise Ionomers

The nature of ionic aggregates in ionomers remains an important open question, particularly considering its significance to their unique electrical and mechanical properties. We have carried out fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of melts of lithium-neutralized precise ionomers that reveal the structural features of ionic aggregates in unprecedented detail. In particular, we observe a rich variety of aggregate morphologies depending on neutralization level and ionic content, including string-like and percolated aggregates. The traditional assumption of spherical ionic aggregates with liquid-like ordering that is typically used to interpret experimental scattering data is too simplistic; a more rich and complex set of structures exist that also fit the scattering data.
Transcranial Doppler Screening Among Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Anemia

Importance With transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening, we can identify children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia who are at the highest risk of stroke. An accurate claims-based method for identifying children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia was recently developed and validated that establishes the necessary groundwork to enable large population-based assessments of health services utilization among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia using administrative claims data. Objective To assess the feasibility of using administrative claims data to identify and describe the receipt of TCD screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and to characterize opportunities for intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cross-sectional study using Medicaid claims data from 2005 to 2010. Medicaid claims data were obtained from the following states: Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, and Texas. Children and adolescents 2 to 16 years of age with sickle cell anemia were identified by the presence of 3 or more Medicaid claims with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia within a calendar year (2005-2010). A total of 4775 children and adolescents contributed 10 787 person-years throughout the study period. Data were analyzed in 2015. A subset of children and adolescents enrolled for 2 or more consecutive years was identified to examine potential predictors of TCD screening, which included age, sex, previous receipt of TCD screening, state of residence, and health services utilization (well-child visits, outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient visits). Main Outcomes and Measures Receipt of TCD screening was assessed by year and state. Using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, we included associated predictors in a multivariable model to estimate odds of TCD screening. Results For a total of 4775 children and adolescents 2 to 16 years of age, TCD screening rates increased over the 6-year study period from 22% to 44% ( P P = .002). Previous receipt of TCD screening (odds ratio, 2.44 [95% CI, 2.11-2.81]; P P = .007) were associated with higher odds of receiving a TCD screening. Conclusions and Relevance Despite national recommendations, TCD screening rates remain low. Successful strategies to improve TCD screening rates may capitalize on the numerous health care interactions among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
Splenectomy for hematologic disease.

The author discusses the indications for splenectomy in various hematologic diseases, including anemias, thrombocytopenia, hypersplenism, and myelofibrosis. Preoperative and postoperative management are also considered.
Technological Interventions for Changes in Hearing and Vision Incurred Through Aging

The scientific literature on aging clearly establishes that psychophysical processes and human performance undergo gradual but continuous modification throughout life (Corso, 1971). This finding has two major implications for human engineering: (1) that predictable behavioral changes which occur as a function of age should be taken into account whenever an elderly person or group is involved in a particular working or living function; and (2) that the application of behavioral data derived from young adults may be inappropriate in the development of design characteristics for machines, systems, tasks, or environments intended for use by older people (Corso, 1981a). The age-related changes which occur in all human sensory/perceptual systems, and their functional significance, have been described in detail by Corso (1981b); and Fozard (1981) has presented some implications of these changes for person-environment relationships.
Community Engagement in Land Use Planning Through Web-based Technologies

The Shaping Danes Future project developed several web-based tools to support citizen-driven land use planning in a community near Madison, Wisconsin. Tools and resources included a step-by-step procedure for plan development, resource and infrastructure maps including land use-related spatial analyses, interactive mapping (WebGIS), a planning portal for additional planning-related data and information, tools for land use allocation and impact assessment, and an electronic opinion polling tool. The web-based tools and resources were developed within the context of a broader citizen-based planning process facilitated by additional information technologies.
Interpersonal Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in Women Seeking Shelter from Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACTThis study examined how trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, dysphoric arousal, and anxious arousal relate to the major components of the interpersonal theory of suicide; namely, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and the acquired capability for suicide. A sample of 137 women seeking shelter from intimate partner violence completed self-report assessments. Symptoms of dysphoric arousal and numbing were uniquely and positively associated with thwarted belongingness. Numbing symptoms were uniquely and positively associated with perceived burdensomeness. Reexperiencing and anxious arousal symptoms were uniquely but negatively associated with the acquired capability for suicide. Interpersonal trauma was also positively associated with acquired capability, but only when examined independently. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of dysphoric arousal and numbing symptoms might complement brief screenings for acute suicide ris...
The Sympathetic Nervous System in the Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome

Takotsubo syndrome is a unique clinical condition of acute heart failure and reversible left ventricular dysfunction frequently precipitated by sudden emotional or physical stress. There is growing evidence that exaggerated sympathetic stimulation is central to the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Precisely how catecholamines mediate myocardial stunning in takotsubo syndrome remains incompletely understood; but possible mechanisms include epicardial spasm, microvascular dysfunction, direct adrenergic-receptor-mediated myocyte injury, and systemic vascular effects that alter ventricular-arterial coupling. Risk factors that increase sympathetic tone and/or catecholamine sensitivity may render individuals particularly susceptible to takotsubo syndrome during episodes of acute stress.
Control of Mitochondrial Calcium

A mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are sometimes described as “cellular power plants” because they generate most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The space between the outer and inner membranes is called the inter-membrane space and the space within the inner membrane is called the matrix.
Effect of Construction Joints on Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams

إن المفاصل الإنشائية هي عبارة عن مناطق التوقف في عملية صب الخرسانة و هي ضرورية في عديد من المنشات التي لا يمكن فيها صب الخرسانة على مرحلة واحدة. إن مقدار الخرسانة التي يمكن صبها يعتمد على السعة الإنتاجية و سعة الخلط في المواقع و على نوعية القوالب المستخدمة. المفصل الإنشائي الجيد يوفر استمرارية للقص و الانحناء خلال السطح البيني. في هذا البحث تم دراسة تأثير أنواع و مواقع المفاصل الإنشائية على أداء الأجزاء الخرسانية عن طريق فحص نماذج عمليا في المختبر. تم فحص 19 نموذج بالأبعاد 200*200*950(ملم) . إن المتغيرات التي تم اعتمادها هي موقع المفصل الإنشائي (في منتصف أو ثلث النموذج) ، نوع المفصل الإنشائي (عمودي، مائل بزاوية مع المحور العمودي ، قفل و مفتاح)، و إضافة أطواق في المفصل الإنشائي. تم فحص النماذج بواسطة ماكنة فحص ذات سعة 1000 كيلو نيوتن. وضعت النماذج بشكل يسمح بقياس مقدار الانحراف في منتصف أو تحت المفصل لكل مرحلة حمل. تشير النتائج العملية إلى إن أفضل موقع للمفصل الإنشائي هو في المناطق التي فيها قوى قص قليلة ، و تشير أيضا إلى إن المفصل العمودي ذو تأثير بسيط على قوة النماذج (نسبة الانخفاض جاءت بين( صفر% -5%) و لكن ، يوجد نقصان ذا تأثير ملحوظ على قوة النماذج مع زيادة درجة ميل المفصل الإنشائي مع المحور العمودي نسبة الانخفاض كانت بين (8%-20%). ووجد في هذه الدراسة أيضا إن إضافة حديد التسليح على شكل أطواق في منطقة المفصل الإنشائي متغير مهم له تأثير على نوع الفشل الحاصل و مقاومة التحمل القصوى ، ووجد إن زيادة كمية الحديد في منطقة المفصل يؤدي إلى زيادة في مقاومة التحمل النهائية ما بين (7%-15%) و نقصان في مقدار الانحراف ما بين (20%-48% ) .
Picture a Protest: Analyzing Media Images Tweeted From Ferguson

This content analysis examines media depiction of events in Ferguson, Missouri, following the shooting of the unarmed teenager Michael Brown by a police officer. Using images from the Twitter feeds of nine major media outlets in the month following the shooting, it identifies themes present in those images. Descriptive statistics reveal differences in the roles of people who appear to be White and those who appear to be Black. The two groups are rarely pictured together. The visual narrative presented on Twitter depicts two distinct sides. Police are consistently shown prepared for conflict, but rarely are protesters in images with police. The implications of these findings are explored through the theoretical viewpoint of agenda setting.
Skeletal health and patterns of animal food consumption at S3W1:33 (Tlajinga 33), Teotihuacan

Food at Teotihuacan was more likely affected by social inequality than by availability. The skeletons from Tlajinga 33 have high prevalence of skeletal indicators of morbidity. Since this was a lower-status compound of artisans, this could be due to poor diet, as well as an unhygienic environment. Analysis of faunal remains suggests that animal remains were an important and plentiful component of the diet. However, most consist of insects, small fish, reptiles, avian eggs, and small mammals. Of particular importance is the size and nutritional value of these dietary items, as many would be considered vermin which were available solely because of attraction to stored foods. It is important to employ proper recovery techniques to eliminate bias in size of animal remains to obtain an accurate understanding of the total diet. We demonstrate that there was adequate animal protein in the Tlajinga 33 diet, but it was very different than what is usually considered “animal protein.” Thus, the residents had access to a nutritious and balanced diet, and this information eliminates protein deficiency as cause of the morbidity. Instead, the focus is on the urban environment and any status disadvantages faced by residents dependent on market exchange for staple foods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable Sulfonate-Containing Hydrogels

Sulfonate-containing hydrogels are of particular interest because of their tunable mechanical and swelling properties, as well as their biological effects. Polysulfonate copolymers were synthesized by reacting 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AA). We found that the incorporation rate of sulfonate-containing monomer and the molecular weight of the copolymer were significantly enhanced by increasing the ionic strength of the solution. We introduced thiol groups by modifying the pendant carboxylates or copolymerizing along with a disulfide-containing monomer. The thiol-containing copolymers were reacted with a 4-arm acrylamide-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) via a thiol–ene click reaction, which was mediated by a photoinitiator, a redox initiator, or a base-catalyzed Michael-Addition. We were able to tailor the storage modulus (33–1800 Pa) and swelling capacity (1–91 wt %) of the hydrogel by varying the concentration of the copolymers. We determined that t...
Photon Counting Data Analysis: Application of the Maximum Likelihood and Related Methods for the Determination of Lifetimes in Mixtures of Rose Bengal and Rhodamine B

It is often convenient to know the minimum amount of data needed to obtain a result of desired accuracy and precision. It is a necessity in the case of subdiffraction-limited microscopies, such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, owing to the limited sample volumes and the extreme sensitivity of the samples to photobleaching and photodamage. We present a detailed comparison of probability-based techniques (the maximum likelihood method and methods based on the binomial and the Poisson distributions) with residual minimization-based techniques for retrieving the fluorescence decay parameters for various two-fluorophore mixtures, as a function of the total number of photon counts, in time-correlated, single-photon counting experiments. The probability-based techniques proved to be the most robust (insensitive to initial values) in retrieving the target parameters and, in fact, performed equivalently to 2–3 significant figures. This is to be expected, as we demonstrate that the three methods ...
The Struggle for Australian Industrial Relations

(1997). The Struggle for Australian Industrial Relations. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 851-854.
Crystal structure of a fluorescent C-shaped molecule containing closely stacked bithiophene-substituted quinoxaline rings.

Mol­ecules with well-defined structures that feature closely stacked aromatic rings are important for understanding π–π inter­actions. A previously reported C-shaped mol­ecule with bi­thio­phene-substituted quinoxaline rings suspended from an aliphatic bridge that holds the aromatic rings in close proximity exists as a pair of syn and anti diastereomers. The anti isomer, namely (1α,2β,4β,5α,16α,17β,19β,20α)-1,5,16,20-tetra­chloro-31,31,32,32-tetra­meth­oxy-11,26-bis­[5-(thio­phen-2-yl)thio­phen-2-yl]-7,14,22,29-tetra­aza­nona­cyclo­[18.10.1.15,16.02,19.04,17.06,15.08,13.021,30.023,28]dotriaconta-6(15),7,9,11,13,21(30),22,24,26,28-deca­ene chloro­form monosolvate, C48H36Cl4N4O4S4·CHCl3, whose X-ray structure is described herein, has cofacial quinoxaline rings with bi­thio­phene rings attached on opposite sides. The mol­ecular structure is approximately C-shaped and consists of an aliphatic spacer with a boat-shaped cyclo­hexane ring in the middle. The centroid-to-centroid distance between the quinoxaline rings is 3.950 (1) A, with ring-offset distances of 0.354 (3) and 0.816 (2) A. The pendant bi­thio­phene rings are oriented parallel to one another, which results from the thio­phene rings connected to the quinoxaline rings being oriented such that their S atoms are rotated inward toward one another, but are not overlapped. Inter­molecular packing is largely governed by van der Waals forces and a few weak C—H⋯X (X = N or O) inter­actions.
Understanding Space Weather: Part III: The Sun’s Domain

CapsuleThe solar wind is a continuous, varying outflow of high-temperature plasma, travelling at hundreds of km s-1 and stretching to over 100 AU from the Sun.
Persistent Untreated Screening-Detected Breast Cancer: An Argument Against Delaying Screening or Increasing the Interval Between Screenings.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the natural history of untreated screen-detected breast cancer. Methods A prospective cohort survey of Society of Breast Imaging fellows concerning the appearance on subsequent mammography of untreated breast cancer detected on screening mammography was conducted. Results A representative sample of the 108 actively practicing Society of Breast Imaging fellows (n = 42 [39%]) participated, each reporting outcomes data from his or her entire screening mammography practice. Among all practices, 25,281 screen-detected invasive breast cancers and 9,360 cases of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ were reported over the past 10 years. Among these cancers, there were 240 cases of untreated invasive breast cancer and 239 cases of untreated ductal carcinoma in situ, among which zero were reported to have spontaneously disappeared or regressed at next mammography. Conclusions Among 479 untreated breast cancers detected on screening mammography, none spontaneously disappeared or regressed. An unknown percentage of these cancers represent overdiagnosis, but because all untreated screen-detected cancers were visible and suspicious for malignancy at next mammographic examination, delaying the onset of screening or increasing the interval between screenings should not reduce the frequency of overdiagnosis.
Cobalt/copper composite interconnects for line resistance reduction in both fine and wide lines

Co/Cu composite interconnect systems were studied. Since wide Cu lines require a diffusion barrier which is simultaneously applied also to fine Co lines to reduce Co volume fraction, through-Cobalt Self-Formed-Barrier (tCoSFB) was employed to thin down TaN barrier to <1 nm which works as an adhesion layer for Co lines. Line R of fine Co lines was reduced by 30% successfully. The Co/tCoSFB-Cu composite interconnect system is promising to achieve low line R for both fine and wide lines simultaneously in 7nm BEOL and beyond.
TOPGIS - swisstopo’s Production System for 3D Topographic Databases

To truly visualize topographic data in 3D requires truly 3D topographic databases. The Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo) is replacing their current map-based 2D VECTOR25 dataset with a 3D Topographic Landscape Model (TLM). This represents a major shift in their internal production workflow, and also a beneficial change for their customers who require accurate 3D geographical reference data. The TLM is swisstopo's new vector landscape model. It will be very up-to-date across all of Switzerland, seamless across this area, 3D, and very accurate with better than 1 meter accuracy in all three dimensions. The TLM forms the basis for several geo-data products and the Swiss National Map series. The TLM is accompanied by a new Digital Terrain Model (DTM) which is designed to be consistent at all times with the TLM. The DTM is derived principally from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. For the capture and administration of the TLM and the DTM, a new high-performance infrastructure called Topographic Geographic Information System (TOPGIS) has been built for swisstopo by ESRI Switzerland. As the central production infastructure for the TLM, TOPGIS is a modern, database-centered system for data capture, editing, management and storage. The TLM and DTM are photogrammetrically updated based on high resolution digital imagery. TOPGIS supports three simultaneous modes for producing 3D data Stereo-photogrammetric 3D TLM production Stereo-photogrammetric DTM production TLM production by using mono-plotting from orthophotos and the DTM
Hospital variation in cost of childbirth and contributing factors: a cross-sectional study.

Objective To examine hospital variation in cost of childbirth hospitalizations and identify factors that contribute to the variation. Design Cross-sectional analysis of linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data. Setting 220 hospitals in California delivering ≥100 births per year. Population 405,908 nulliparous term singleton vertex births during 2010-2012. Methods Cost of childbirth hospitalizations was compared across hospitals after accounting for differences in patient clinical risk factors. Relative contribution of patient sociodemographic, obstetric intervention, birth attendant, and institutional characteristics to variation in cost was assessed by further adjusting for these factors in hierarchical generalized linear models. Main Outcome Measures Cost of childbirth hospitalization. Results Median risk-standardized cost of childbirth was $7,149 among the hospitals (10th-90th percentile range: $4,760-$10,644). Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and type of birth attendant did not explain hospital variation in cost. Adjustment for obstetric interventions overall reduced within-hospital variance by 15.8% (P<0.001), while adjusting for cesarean delivery alone reduced within-hospital variance by 14.4% (P<0.001). However, obstetric interventions did not explain between-hospital variation in cost. In contrast, adjustment for institutional characteristics reduced between-hospital variance by 30.3% (P=0.002). Hospital type of ownership, teaching/urban-rural status, neonatal care capacity, and geographic region were most impactful. Risk-standardized cost was positively correlated with risk-standardized rate of severe newborn morbidities (correlation coefficient=0.22, P=0.001), but not associated with risk-standardized rate of severe maternal morbidities. Conclusions Cost of childbirth hospitalizations varied widely among hospitals in California. Institutional characteristics significantly contributed to this variation. Higher-cost hospitals did not have better outcomes, suggesting potential opportunities to enhance value in care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Calibration and validation of Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) polarization measurements

The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI), a precursor to the future Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols satellite instrument, is a remote-sensing instrument for the characterization of atmospheric aerosols and clouds. To help discriminate between different aerosol particle types, which is crucial to improve our understanding of their impact on climate and air quality, AirMSPI acquires imagery over multiple view angles in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and it employs dual photoelastic modulators (PEMs) to target an uncertainty requirement of ±0.005 in the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) at selected wavelengths. Laboratory polarimetric calibrations using a second-generation Polarization State Generator-2 (PSG-2) and validation measurements at 0<DoLP<1 demonstrate a systematic uncertainty of <0.002. In-flight calibrations of the temperature sensitivity of the PEMs, which could otherwise introduce DoLP errors up to 0.02, are extracted from onboard "validator" measurements as well as from the AirMSPI imagery of the Earth. After this in-flight calibration, the stability of measurements of the validator's DoLP throughout the POlarimeter Definition EXperiment and Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys field campaigns is ±0.001. Comparisons of DoLP data from these campaigns with the Research Scanning Polarimeter show root-mean-square differences ranging between 0.003 and 0.006, while the regression slopes deviate from unity by currently unexplained values up to 0.024. The observed differences are the result of measurement errors in both instruments, as well as imperfections in the intercomparison. A complete polarimetric uncertainty model for AirMSPI is presented, including the effects of absolute calibration uncertainty, in-flight modulation uncertainty, and random noise.
Immunoglobulins in ranid frogs and tadpoles.

One approach to gain insight into the evolution of the immune system is to investigate the structure of the immunoglobulins (Igs) in a variety of species. The results of such studies (reviewed in reference 1) have usually been interpreted to indicate that the diversity of the Ig classes increases in the course of evolution. Thus, most primitive vertebrates (e.g., cartilaginous and bony fish) have Igs that apparently correspond to mammalian IgM, whereas most higher vertebrates have 2 or more Ig classes. To understand how the Igs in these various groups of animals are related to one another, it is necessary to obtain detailed information regarding their structure.
EVALUATION OF BIOFILMS OCCURING IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF BALATONFÜRED

The paper deals with the problems of water quality in one of the biggest regional Hungarian water distribution system of Balatonfured. The aim of this study was to survey the water-network of Balatonfured with evaluating of water and biofilm quality and its interaction. Two main types of drinking water sources could be separated. According to various water quality (karstic, surface and mixed water) and various construction materials of pipelines-life conditions of microorganisms are very diverse. Results of chemical quality of water shows a wide variety on sampling sites and on date of sampling.
Radial Hemorrhage in Henle Layer in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

Importance Radial hemorrhage in the outer plexiform layer of Henle may be a complication of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) and may occur because of microvascular abnormalities of the deep retinal capillary plexus in the absence of subretinal neovascularization. Objective To describe the multimodal imaging findings, including cross-sectional and en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), of radial hemorrhage in the outer plexiform layer of Henle, which may be a complication of MacTel 2. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective case series from 2 tertiary referral centers (Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; New England Eye Center, Boston, Massachusetts) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, describes 3 patients with MacTel 2 complicated by characteristic radial hemorrhage in the outer plexiform layer of Henle. Main Outcomes and Measures Color fundus photography, cross-sectional and en face OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA), fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography. Results Three male patients presented with sudden vision loss in the right eye. A characteristic radial pattern of hemorrhage was noted with color fundus photography. Cross-sectional and en face OCT and OCTA localized the hemorrhage to the outer plexiform layer of Henle in the absence of subretinal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography findings consistent with MacTel 2 were identified in the fellow eye in each patient. At the follow-up visit 1 to 2 months after presentation, spontaneous resolution of the hemorrhage was noted in all 3 patients, and OCTA illustrated underlying microvascular abnormalities in the deep retinal capillary plexus in 2 patients. Conclusions and Relevance This report describes 3 patients with MacTel 2 complicated by characteristic radial hemorrhage in the outer plexiform layer of Henle, which may represent a characteristic finding in MacTel 2 that may develop as a result of microvascular abnormalities of the deep retinal capillary plexus in the absence of subretinal neovascularization.
Modulation of xenobiotic nuclear receptors in high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the western countries. The histological spectrum of NAFLD includes simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Nuclear receptors are a large group of ligand-dependent transcription factors that sense the environmental and endogenous changes and regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence has suggested that a dysregulation of nuclear receptors in NAFLD may effect on the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in the liver. The current study was designed to systematically characterize the time-dependent modulation of nuclear receptors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the liver X receptor (LXR), and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the progression of NAFLD. Male C57BL/6 mice fed by a high fat diet were used to induce NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, progressive fibrosis, increased hepatocyte DNA synthesis, and liver tumor formation were observed at various time points in our mouse model. During the development of hepatic steatosis (8-16 weeks), PPARα was activated as indicated by its target genes as well as the elevated peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity. The mRNA level of Pparγ was also upregulated while Pparδ gene expression was significantly reduced during the development of hepatic steatosis. PXR target gene Cyp3a11 was consistently increased 3-4-fold in addition to the increased microsomal Cyp3a enzymatic activity at all stages of NAFLD. In contrast, CAR mediated Cyp2b10 gene expression was found increased only by week 12. LXRα target genes Abcg5 and Abcg8 were significantly elevated during the whole course of NAFLD. The mRNA of Fxr was downregulated at 24 and 32 weeks in high fat diet fed mice, which might correlate with the development of progressive fibrosis at the stage of steatohepatitis. The results of our study provided a systematic evaluation of the changes of nuclear receptors and their downstream chemicalmetabolism and transport enzymes in the progression of NAFLD.
Metabolic syndrome and hip fracture: Epidemiology and perioperative outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Hip fractures and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are becoming major global healthcare burdens as populations age. This study sought to determine the impact of MetS in hip fracture patients on perioperative outcomes following operative fixation or arthroplasty. Methods Data from the 2004–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to select 3,348,207 discharges with hip fracture. MetS patients were identified by having at least 3 of 4 component comorbidities: hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the association between MetS and perioperative outcomes adjusted for age, gender, race, payer status, and comorbidities. Results Overall, 32% of hip fracture patients were treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), 28% hemiarthroplasty (HA), 18% closed reduction with internal fixation (CRPP), and 3% primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The remaining 19% of cases were either treated via unspecified procedure of hip repair (9%), managed non-operatively (2%), underwent multiple procedures during the hospital stay (6%), or the surgical procedure data was missing (2%) and were excluded from procedural analyses. The prevalence of MetS was 7.9% and increased among minorities, patients treated at urban hospitals, with comorbidities (heart failure, kidney disease, peripheral vascular disease), and with Medicare coverage. MetS was associated with increased odds of any adverse event (p Conclusions MetS is associated with increased odds of complications in hip fracture patients but decreased odds of in-hospital mortality. This may be related to patients’ nutritional status and catabolic states in the perioperative period.
COMPARISON OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SIMULATIONS FOR 2 × CO2-INDUCED WARMING

In this article we compile 108 national and international studies on global climate change, each projecting a quantitative impact on global surface-air temperature due to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. These predictions, documented between 1980 and 1995, are based primarily on climate-modeling research, including radiative-convective, energy-balance, and general circulation models. Collectively over the past 15 years, the average (mean) temperature change projection due to doubled CO2 is +2.62°C, with a range of 0.16–8.7°C. General circulation models tend to estimate slightly higher values (2.98°C), compared with radiative-convective models (1.98°C) and energy-balance models (2.54°C). During the years 1980 through 1995, an increasing trend in predictions is noticed, although the mean temperature change prediction each year has remained fairly consistent near 2–3°C. These findings suggest that the estimated sensitivity of the climate system continues to remain comparable to the range calculated in earlier studies. However, tremendous advancements in the capacity of climate models continue to reveal important uncertainties in the dynamic nature of global atmospheric interactions. The predictions continue to validate the need for a global policy relating to human influence on global climate change.
A Comparison of Information Retrieval Techniques for Detecting Source Code Plagiarism.

Plagiarism is a commonly encountered problem in the academia. While there are several tools and techniques to efficiently determine plagiarism in text, the same cannot be said about source code plagiarism. To make the existing systems more efficient, we use several information retrieval techniques to find the similarity between source code files written in Java. We later use JPlag, which is a string-based plagiarism detection tool used in academia to match the plagiarized source codes. In this paper, we aim to generalize on the efficiency and effectiveness of detecting plagiarism using different information retrieval models rather than using just string manipulation algorithms.
Nonlinear Integral Equations

A nonlinear integral equation is an integral equation in which the unknown function appears in the equation in a nonlinear manner. The nonlinearity may occur either inside or outside of the integrand or simultaneously in both of these locations. It leads to an astonishing variety of new phenomena related to the characteristics of the solutions and to the methods of solution.
Development of enterosorbents that can be added to food and water to reduce toxin exposures during disasters

Humans and animals can be exposed to mixtures of chemicals from food and water, especially during disasters such as extended droughts, hurricanes and floods. Drought stress facilitates the occurrence of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins B1 (AfB1) and zearalenone (ZEN), while hurricanes and floods can mobilize toxic soil and sediments containing important pesticides (such as glyphosate). To address this problem in food, feed and water, we developed broad-acting, clay-based enterosorbents that can reduce toxin exposures when included in the diet. In this study, we processed sodium and calcium montmorillonite clays with high concentrations of sulfuric acid to increase surface areas and porosities, and conducted equilibrium isothermal analyses and dosimetry studies to derive binding parameters and gain insight into: (1) surface capacities and affinities, (2) potential mechanisms of sorption, (3) thermodynamics (enthalpy) of toxin/surface interactions and (4) estimated dose of sorbent required to maintain toxin threshold limits. We have also used a toxin-sensitive living organism (Hydra vulgaris) to predict the safety and efficacy of newly developed sorbents. Our results indicated that acid processed montmorillonites were effective sorbents for AfB1, ZEN and glyphosate, with high capacity and tight binding, and effectively protected hydra against individual toxins, as well as mixtures of mycotoxins.
1354-P: Novel Telehealth Support Intervention for Young Children Using HCL

Background: The Medtronic 670G Hybrid Closed Loop (HCL) is completing pivotal trials in children with type 1 diabetes Methods: Participants ages 2-7 in the 670G pivotal trial extension phase participated in novel, ongoing, multicenter videoconferencing interventions to support HCL use. Families downloaded HCL every 2 weeks and were randomized to two support interventions or a minimum feedback (control arm) targeted to either failed adherence ( Results: Child-parent dyads (n=23) were enrolled (mean child age 5.2 ± 1.5 years, 39% female, mean diabetes duration 34 months). Dyads received a total of 39 interventions. HbA1c, Time-in-Range, and Auto Mode use remained stable over 3 months, and diabetes distress and hypoglycemia fear and confidence improved significantly (Table). Data collection is ongoing. Conclusion: Targeted interventions for caregivers of young children using HCL demonstrated quality-of-life improvements without deterioration in glycemic control or Auto Mode use. Disclosure L.H. Messer: Advisory Panel; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. Consultant; Self; Clinical Sensors. S. Hanes: None. I. Tabatabai: None. L. DiMeglio: Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Janssen Research & Development, Medtronic, Sanofi. Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc. T.S. Hannon: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. G.P. Forlenza: Advisory Panel; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Consultant; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. S. Woerner: None. S. Lange: Other Relationship; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. K.A. Driscoll: None. K.K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute. H. Rodriguez: Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Daiichi Pharm Corp, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Research Support; Self; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Other Relationship; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk Inc. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Profusa, Inc. Consultant; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, ConvaTec Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Self; Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
The aesthetics of the fragment: Progressivism and literary modernism in the work of the All-India Progressive Writers’ Association

Modernism has been retheorized as a global phenomenon, through phrases such as “geomodernism” or “planetary modernism”. This article considers Urdu literary modernism, as it developed in South Asia...
Receptor Activity and Signal Transduction in Myelin

External signals detected by surface receptors are translated into a limited repertoire of intracellular second messengers. Important examples of these are inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol, which are produced by phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) (Berridge, 1984; Nishizuka, 1984). These second messengers, through release of internal Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C, set in motion a cascade of biochemical processes with major consequences to a wide variety of cell types (Berridge, 1986). The large pool of polyphosphoinositides present in myelin (Eichberg and Hauser, 1973) was not previously considered a source of second messengers. However, reports on the presence of enzymes such as phosphoinositide phosphodiesterase (Deshmukh et al, 1982) and protein kinase C (Murray and Steck, 1986) in myelin prompted us to examine this membrane for the presence of receptors which can be linked to the phosphoinositide cycle.
Beyond Einstein and Edison: Claiming Space for Non-Faculty Inventors in Technology Transfer

The Bayh-Dole Act, often credited with the explosion of university technology transfer, requires universities to incentivize invention disclosure by sharing the royalties generated by licensing. Many scholars have debated the effectiveness of university implementation of this requirement, and indeed, the low rate of disclosure of inventions by academic researchers to the university is often a bottleneck in technology transfer process. Unfortunately, most discussions focusing on inventor compliance with Bayh-Dole requirements have explored faculty-inventor motivations. Similarly, many university intellectual property (IP) policies are drafted specifically toward incentivizing faculty inventors to comply with invention disclosure requirements. However, in most cases, university inventions are joint products of a group of university members including not only faculty but also post-doctoral researchers or graduate students. This collaborative nature of scientific research seems to have been lost in the design of the technology transfer system. This Article contrasts the motivations and pressures of faculty with those of other members of the university research community, explores the conflicts that arise when faculty and non-faculty members are co-inventors, and explains why better incentives directed at non-faculty inventors could increase disclosure compliance. Furthermore, the Article explores the ways in which current university IP policies fail to address the issues surrounding non-faculty inventors and thus fail to fully incentivize invention disclosure by that group of university inventors.
Diagnostic accuracy of chest computed tomography in improving the false negative rate as compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A cross sectional analysis of 348 cases from India

Background: Early differentiation between emergency department (ED) patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is very important. The diagnosis of COVID-19 depends on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On imaging, computed tomography (CT) manifestations resemble those seen in viral pneumonias, with multifocal ground-glass opacities and consolidation in a peripheral distribution being the most common findings. Although these findings lack specificity for COVID-19 diagnosis on imaging grounds, CT could be used to provide objective assessment about the extension of the lung opacities, which could be used as an imaging surrogate for disease burden. We set out to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT scanning in detecting COVID-19 in a population with suspected COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional single-center study performed on 348 cases with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, all adult symptomatic ED patients had both a CT scan and a PCR upon arrival at. CT results were compared with PCR test (s) and diagnostic accuracy was calculated. Results: Between February 15, 2020, and June 30, 2020, 348 symptomatic patients were included. In total, 62.3% of patients had a positive PCR and 69.8% had a positive CT, resulting in a sensitivity of 94.2%, specificity of 76.7%, likelihood ratio (LR) of +2.94 and (LR) −0.18. The sensitivity of the CT tended to be higher in those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (100.0%, P = 0.017) and severe COVID-19 (98.5%, P = 0.027) than in patients with mild (82.5%, P = 0.047) and moderate COVID-19 (89.3%, P = 0.039). The diagnostic ability of chest CT was found to be high with 86.3% concordance between findings of CT and PCR. In 48 (13.7%) patients, discordant findings between CT and PCR were observed. In most cases, the CT scan was considered suspicious for COVID-19, while the PCR was negative (37/48, 77.0%). In the majority of these, the diagnosis at discharge was pulmonary infection (n = 26; 54.1%). Conclusion: The accuracy of chest CT in symptomatic COVID suspect patients is high, but when used as a single diagnostic test, CT cannot accurately diagnose or exclude COVID-19. Therefore, we recommend a combination of both CT and RT-PCR for future follow-up, management, and medical surveillance.
Auditory Attention Deployment in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Difficulty listening in noisy environments is a common complaint of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms underlying such auditory processing challenges are unknown. This preliminary study investigated auditory attention deployment in adults with ASD. Participants were instructed to maintain or switch attention between two simultaneous speech streams in three conditions: location (co-located versus ± 30° separation), voice (same voice versus male–female contrast), and both cues together. Results showed that individuals with ASD can selectively direct attention using location or voice cues, but performance was best when both cues were present. In comparison to neurotypical adults, overall performance was less accurate across all conditions. These findings warrant further investigation into auditory attention deployment differences in individuals with ASD.