cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics of point mutated I-Ak molecules expressed on lymphocytes

Abstract We have recently reported the lateral and rotational diffusion parameters for I-A k molecules expressing various cytoplasmic truncations (Int. Immunol. 12 (2000) 1319). We now describe the membrane dynamics of I-A k with various mutations in the presumed contact region between αβ-heterodimers in an (αβ) 2 dimer of dimers structure. Such mutations are known to strongly affect the antigen presentation ability of these molecules (Int. Immunol. 10 (1998) 1237–1249) but cause relatively small changes in the molecular dynamics of I-A k . Lateral diffusion coefficients of I-A k wild-type molecules and mutants obtained via fringe fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) ranged from 1.1 to 2.3×10 −10 cm 2 /s at room temperature while fractional mobilities averaged 75±6%. For all cell types examined, treatment with either hen egg lysozyme 46–61 peptide or db-cAMP reduced the I-A k mobile fraction by about 10% relative to untreated cells, suggesting that these treatments may increase lateral confinement of class II in lipid rafts or cytoskeletal interactions of the molecules. Wild-type I-A k and mutants capable of normal or partial antigen presentation exhibited, as a group, slightly longer rotational correlation times (RCT) at 4°C than did mutants inactive in antigen presentation, 14±4 versus 10±1 μs, respectively. Moreover, peptide, cAMP and anti-CD40 mAb treatment all increased rotational correlation times for fully- and partially-functional I-A k but not for non-functional molecules. For example, 16 h peptide treatment yielded average RCTs of 28±12 and 10±1 μs for the groups of functional and non-functional molecules, respectively. Such modulation of the dynamics of functional class II molecules is consistent with these treatments’ stabilization of class II or induction of new gene expression. Measurements of fluorescence resonant energy transfer between I-A k , though complicated by cellular autofluorescence, averaged 6±7% over 15 cells or treatments, a result consistent with the presence of a small fraction of I-A k as a dimer of dimers species. In summary, our results suggest subtle changes in the molecular motions of class II molecules correlate with a significant impact on class II function. Molecules active in antigen presentation exhibit more restricted motion in the membrane, and thus presumably more extensive intermolecular interactions, than non-functional molecules. Further, treatments, such as db-cAMP and anti-CD40, which rescue antigen presentation by partially defective mutants, appear to increase such interactions, several types of which have already been reported for class II. A more detailed understanding of these phenomena will require both more sensitive biophysical tools and a more refined model of the role of class II intermolecular interactions in antigen presentation.
The electrical property of matter, the trigger mechanism controlling cell growth

It has been shown that many of the so-called “unknown” causes in biological reactions can be explained through the basic laws of physics, namely that all matter is electrical and that the life principle is due to this electrical state; that the electron shift which continues automatically and ceaselessly in every particle of matter is the factor which releases the energy, as it is attracted or repulsed by the positive or negative charges of the atom, thereby producing the biochemical formations of metabolism. The two underlying “organizers” in all forms of matter are polarity-consisting of a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other in every atom, groups of atoms or molecules and organs; and secondly, oxidation-reduction potential which regulates the electromotive force for the definite level of energy production at the appropriate instant. This principle has been applied in the case of various experiments designated as “unknown causes” in the literature. They include the “organizer principle in Biology,” why eggs become fertilized, tissue culturesin vitro andvivo and reconstitution of sponge cells from dissociated cells, the basic causes of abnormal growth of cells including cancer cells, and finally some conclusions concerning DNA and RNA.
Method to derive restoring forces of strained molecules from kinetic measurements.

We report a method to estimate the restoring force of a constrained small molecule and relate changes in its reactivity to this force. Restoring force is a size-invariant measure of molecular strain and offers a conceptual framework to bridge studies of macromolecular reactions by force spectroscopies with those of strained small molecules. We illustrate our method by showing that E stiff stilbene (1,1′-Δ-biindan) with up to 700 pN of force along its C6,C6′ axis is accessible by photoisomerization. It reverts thermally to the Z isomer with τ1/2∼100 ms, probably long enough to be useful for microscale actuation. The quantum yield of photoisomerization and the activation barrier of thermal isomerization of constrained stiff stilbene increase sharply as the restoring force decreases.
Holopoetry: the new frontier of language--an interview with Eduardo Kac

The author interviews artist, writer, and holographer Eduardo Kac on issues that relate to holopoetry, the relationship of literature to the visual arts, visual perception, digital imaging, holography, and the complex nature of language.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using the personal background preparation survey to identify health Science professions students at risk for adverse academic events

In the first predictive validity study of a diagnostic and prescriptive instrument for averting adverse academic status events (AASE) among multiple populations of diverse health science professions students, entering matriculates’ personal background and preparation survey (PBPS) scores consistently significantly predicted 1st- or 2nd-year AASE. During 1st-year orientations, 441 entering matriculates in four southwestern schools from dental, medical, and nursing disciplines completed the 2004 PBPS. The following year during 1st-year orientations, 526 entering matriculates in five schools from dental, medical, nursing, and biomedical science disciplines completed the 2005 PBPS. The PBPS identifies and quantifies a student’s noncognitive and cognitive academic performance risks. One standard deviation increments in PBPS risks consistently multiplied 1st- or 2nd-year AASE odds by approximately 140% (p < .05), controlling for underrepresented minority student (URMS) status and school affiliation. Odds of 2nd-year AASE for URMS one standard deviation above the 2004 PBPS mean reached 494% of odds for nonURMS at the mean. PBPS total risks, school affiliation, and URMS status together provided 70–76% correct predictions of 1st- or 2nd-year AASE. PBPS predictive validity did not differ significantly among dental, medical, nursing, or biomedical science schools, or URMS/nonURMS. PBPS sensitivity and specificity approached those for FDA-approved screening mammograms for breast cancer and PSA tests for prostate cancer. PBPS positive predictive values of 42–60% exceeded those for both. The diagnostic and prescriptive PBPS can facilitate proactive targeting of corrective interventions aimed at reducing AASE and attrition among health science education students at risk for academic difficulties.
Beginning with the Mediterranean An Introduction

The emergence of the “Mediterranean” as a coherent category of thought or, more pertinently, as a “geohistorical universal,” dates back to the early nineteenth century. The relation of the Mediterranean to formations of knowledge would thus be linked to the framework of imperial history and the discursive bounds of area and (post)colonial studies. More recently—and ostensibly as part of a larger turn away from area studies toward comparative, transcultural, transregional, and global studies—the burgeoning field of Mediterranean studies has put this resurgent category into massive deployment and circulation through a rhetoric of renewal, invention, and innovation. Responding to CSSAAME ’s renewed mission statement of 2013, this introductory essay as well as the articles that follow aim to dramatize an encounter between area studies and Mediterranean studies. Through a redeployment of the Mediterranean as a methodological trope, this essay draws attention to its liquidity in configuring geopolitical and discursive relations between Africa, Asia, and Europe and to its fungibility as conceptual currency and considers the Mediterranean as a source of both data and theory.
Preparation of Pectin-ZnO Nanocomposite.

Pectin–ZnO nanocomposite was prepared in the aqueous solution condition at room temperature. The Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements confirmed the nanoscaled structure of pectin–ZnO composite. According to the TEM observation, the average composite granules size was about 150 nm and the embedded ZnO nanoparticles were uniform with an average diameter of 70 nm.
Julia sets of switched processes

Abstract Julia sets of switched processes are introduced. Such processes are of importance in the study of dynamical systems in which several free-standing processes may be involved.
Bandwidth-efficiency-oriented topology optimization for integrated switching systems based on circulant graphs

This work studies a topology optimization problem by leveraging a regular network topology-circulant graph. The result of the topology optimization is applied to the design of the integration network for modern integrated switching systems (ISSs), which integrate individual switching devices together to boost switching capacity and to reduce network management complexity. The target of the optimization is to maximize bandwidth efficiency on the integration links and hence to maximize the ISS capacity to accommodate traffic. This eventually translates to minimizing the average inter-node hop distance within the ISS.First, the problem is formulated into an integer linear program (ILP) and it is solved to its optimality for moderate-size networks. Then, by comparing with the Moore bound and unconstrained topology optimization, we show the circulant graph can be a qualified candidate with good bandwidth efficiency. Finally, due to the scaling limitation of the ILP approach, a dynamic programming (polynomial-time) algorithm is proposed and results show that it performs very closely to the optimal solutions induced from the ILP solver.
Capacity allocation in generalized Jackson networks

We consider a capacity allocation problem for a generalized Jackson network (a Jackson network with general interarrival time and service time distributions). The problem is to determine the service rate (or capacity) that minimizes the expected equilibrium customer delay subject to a linear budget constraint on the capacities. The problem is analyzed using a Brownian approximation of the generalized Jackson network. When the network data satisfy a certain condition, the resulting capacity allocation is a generalization of the classical square root capacity allocation for Jackson networks. A numerical example is provided that demonstrates the allocation's effectiveness.
Cyclotron Resonance and the Cohen Nonellipsoidal Nonparabolic Model for Bismuth. II. Limiting - Point Masses

An equation for the limiting-point (LP) cyclotron effective mass as a function of magnetic field direction is derived for the Cohen nonellipsoidal nonparabolic (NENP) model of the electron Fermi surface of Bi. The general NENP equation is used, in which the $L$-point valence and conduction bands are not assumed identical. For some orientations of the magnetic field, the NENP model, unlike the ellipsoidal nonparabolic (ENP) model, predicts a LP mass larger than the central-orbit extremal mass by as much as a factor of 2 for pure Bi. The previously published LP-mass data of Edel'man and Khaikin are found to be in good agreement qualitatively with the NENP model; the NENP fit is clearly superior to the ENP fit. Attempts to determine unambiguous values for the adjustable band parameters in the NENP model by fitting the experimental data were unsuccessful, but in general the experimental data indicate that the $L$-point valence and conduction bands have essentially identical parameters. For identical bands, the value $\frac{{E}_{F}}{{E}_{g}}=0.50$ is required in order to fit the data.
Immune biasing by helminth glycans.

Summary The ability of helminth parasites to drive polarized Th2 responses has been known for some time. Interestingly, many recent studies have shown that helminth-expressed glycan activation of host immune cells accounts for much of the anti-inflammatory and Th2-biasing observed. This microreview attempts to cover the biology of expression of immunomodulatory glycans in various helminth parasites, the immune cells they interact with including the production of cytokines, chemokines and antibodies. We also discuss the potential cell surface receptors which are capable of binding certain glycans and the known mech­anisms which ultimately lead to production of anti-inflammatory mediators as well as polarizing CD4+ T-cell responses to Th2-type in the host. Lastly, we discuss a novel mechanism for activation of antigen-presenting cells by a specific helminth glycan that leads to maturation of Type 2 dendritic cells.
Characteristics of a single-frequency sealed-off CO 2 amplifier

The measured small-signal gain of 4.8 dB/m for a sealed-off COs amplifier with average bore of 25 mm compares favorably with the highest gain published for a flowing-gas type. The saturated gain for this 9-meter amplifier was 1.2 dB/m with 95-watts output when sealed off and 1.3 dB/m with 110-watts output for a flowing-gas system.
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON USE OF PREDISPERSED SOLVENT EXTRACTION/ FLOTATION TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANICS FROM WASTEWATERS

The objective of this study was to consider the feasibility of using a predispersed solvent (decane) extraction/flotation process, involving a very low solvent/feed ratio, to remove dissolved hazardous organics, e.g. ortho dichlorobenzene from wastewaters. Procedures have been established for formulating and characterizing these predispersed solvents (polyaphrons) produced and for evaluating performance in extraction/flotation studies. Extraction/flotation using selected ca. 15 micron diameter polyaphrons in conventional mixer/separator with typical short hold-up times were 5 to 10 times more effective in removing ortho dichlorobenzene from water (less than 1/500 solvent to feed ratio) than with identical tests using a similar quantity of straight solvent. Initial results look encouraging, but further process evaluation of various applications will be required to assess the potential for this new separations process.
Chemical induction of sterility in wheat

Foliar application of two spring wheat varieties, Anza and Yecora 70, with RH-531 several days before meiosis in a field experiment almost completely prevented seed development. A single application of 2.0 kg a. i. (active ingredient) of RH-531 per ha with a surfactant gave maximum reduction in fertility. Pollen stainability by acetocarmine was only slightly reduced by RH-531. To reduce fertility to 10% or less, treatment should be made just prior to or at the time of meiosis (jointing stage with flag leaf emerged). The two varieties studied differed greatly in their response to RH-531; however, most of the difference could be attributed to differences in growth stage at the time of treatment. Anza showed increased spike density and thickened floral tissues and was apparently more sensitive to RH-531 than Yecora 70. Even though sterility was induced, the floret response was not typical of a male-sterile wheat and was not favorable to outcrossing. More than 98% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were the result of self-pollination as determined by progeny testing. Further experience with RH-531 is necessary to determine whether this compound affects the normal development of male and/or female gametes.
Reflection symmetry of a sphere's internal field and its consequences on scattering: a microphysical approach

We examine the reflection symmetries of the electromagnetic wave inside of a uniform spherical particle and identify the consequences of the symmetries for the Stokes parameters describing the polarization state of the far-field scattered wave. The connection between the two waves is described from a microphysical perspective that illustrates the wavelet-superposition origin of the scattered wave. In contrast to more conventional approaches, this microphysical perspective yields new insight into the physical character of the scattering of a plane wave by a sphere. The results of simulations are presented, which graphically demonstrate the relation between the symmetries present in the internal wave and the polarization state of the scattered wave.
ASYMMETRIC DIVERT JET PERFORMANCE OF A SUPERSONIC MISSILE : COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISONS

Computationale uiddynamics (CFD)predictionsarecomparedwiththewind-tunneltestsfora missileconsisting of ogive-nose cylindrical body, four wings, and four in-lined tail panels at nominal supersonic Mach numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5 and at angles of attack ranging from 0 to 35 deg with and without a lateral jet thruster with thrust ratios of 1 and 4. Comparisonsalso include roll angles that lead to asymmetricmissile cone guration with thethrusterjet. Excellent comparisons of the predicted normal-force, side-force, pitching-moment, yawing-moment, and rollingmoment coefe cients with the measured data are shown. CFD-computed e owe eld then is utilized to show that the lateral thruster jet effectiveness diminishes as the jet thruster is gradually rolled toward the windward side of the missile. Flow physics associated with this phenomenon and possible mechanisms to alleviate this effect are discussed. Nomenclature Clm = rolling-moment coefe cient, Mx=.q ¢ S ¢ Xref/ Cm = pitching-moment coefe cient, My=.q ¢ S ¢ Xref/ CN = normal-force coefe cient, (N=q ¢ S), airframe only CY = side-force coefe cient, FY=.q ¢ S/ CYm = yawing-moment coefe cient, Mz=.q ¢ S ¢ Xref/ dp = pressure differential FY = side force, lb M = freestream Mach number Mx = rolling moment My = pitching moment Mz = yawing moment N = normal force, lb P = pressure, lb/ft 2 q = dynamic pressure, 1 Ωv 2 S = missile cross-sectional area, ft 2 T = jet thrust, lb v = velocity, ft/s ® = angle of attack, deg ° = ratio of specie c heats Ω = density A = azimuth angle, deg Subscripts inf = freestream condition jet = condition with jet (excluding jet thrust coefe cient ) no-jet = condition with no jet ref = reference length for normalization
A comparison of the protective effects of systemic administration of a pro-glutathione drug and a Src-PTK inhibitor against noise-induced hearing loss

Both the antioxidant, n-l-acetyl cysteine (L-NAC) and the Src inhibitor, KX1-004, have been used to protect the cochlea from hazardous noise. To date, KX1-004 has only been used locally on the round window. In the current study, the two drugs were administered systemically. LNAC was delivered intraperitoneally at a dose of 325 mg/kg while KX1-004 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The noise exposure consisted of a 4 kHz octave band of noise at 100 dB SPL for 6 hours/day for 4 days. The drugs were administered once each day, 30 minutes prior to the onset of the noise exposure. The animals' hearing was estimated using the evoked response records from surgically-implanted chronic electrodes in the inferior colliculi. Animals treated with LNAC and KX1-004 had from10 to 20 dB less temporary threshold shift at day 1 and an average 10 dB less permanent threshold shift by day 21 when compared to control saline treated animals. There were no significant side effects (i.e.: appetite loss, weight loss, lethargy, etc.) related to either of the drug treatments. KX1-004 produced at least as much protection as L-NAC, but at a significantly lower concentration.
Potential tumor- or organ-imaging agents XXIV: chylomicron remnants as carriers for hepatographic agents.

Abstract □ This paper describes the possible utility of plasma lipoproteins for the site-specific delivery of diagnostic agents. The class of lipoproteins known as chylomicrons was selected for this preliminary study, since they are known to be rapidly metabolized and taken up by the liver. Cholesteryl iopanoate (II), an iodinated analogue of a normal constituent of the hydrophobic core of chylomicrons, was synthesized from cholesterol and iopanoic acid (I) and subsequently radiolabeled with ioidine-125. Whereas intravenous administration of II in physiological saline resulted in the appearance of ~ 31% of the dose in the liver at 0.5 hr, prior incorporation of II into chylomicrons resulted in an almost threefold (87%) increase in the liver accumulation of II in the same time period. A more gradual appearance of II in steroid-secreting tissues was consistent with the association of II with high-density lipoproteins following administration.
Topological Location and Structural Importance of the NBCe1-A Residues Mutated in Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis

NBCe1-A electrogenically cotransports Na+ and HCO3− across the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. Eight missense mutations and 3 nonsense mutations in NBCe1-A cause severe proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA). In this study, the topologic properties and structural importance of the 8 endogenous residues mutated in pRTA and the in situ topology of NBCe1-A were examined by the substituted cysteine accessibility method. Of the 55 analyzed individually introduced cysteines, 8 were labeled with both membrane permeant (biotin maleimide (BM)) and impermeant (2-((5(6)-tetramethylrhodamine)carboxylamino)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTS-TAMRA)) sulfhydryl reagents, 4 with only BM, and 3 with only MTS-TAMRA. The location of the labeled and unlabeled introduced cysteines clearly indicates that the transmembrane region of NBCe1-A contains 14 transmembrane segments (TMs). In this in situ based NBCe1-A topology, residues mutated in pRTA (pRTA residues) are assigned as: Ser427, TM1; Thr485 and Gly486, TM3; Arg510 and Leu522, TM4; Ala799, TM10; and Arg881, TM12. Substitution of pRTA residues with cysteines impaired the membrane trafficking of R510C and R881C, the remaining membrane-processed constructs had various impaired transport function. Surprisingly, none of the membrane-processed constructs was accessible to labeling with BM and MTS-TAMRA, nor were they functionally sensitive to the inhibition by (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate. Functional analysis of Thr485 with different amino acid substitutions indicated it resides in a unique region important for NBCe1-A function. Our findings demonstrate that the pRTA residues in NBCe1-A are buried in the protein complex/lipid bilayer where they perform important structural roles.
Theoretical analysis on the effects of crystal anisotropy on wiresawing process and application to wafer slicing

Most of the crystals sliced using wiresaw are anisotropic to an extent. The effect of crystal anisotropy on the process of slicing using wiresaw is studied and presented in this paper. A method is proposed to determine the direction of approach (DOA) which will give a better surface finish and reduce deviation from the desired surface normal by maintaining symmetry in material removal rates on the two sides of the wire. The effect of cleavage anisotropy on wiresaw slicing is also studied. If the DOA is perpendicular to a cleavage direction, then the longitudinal direction of the wire aligns with the cleavage direction which increases the tendency of wafer breakage, resulting in lower yield of the wafers. This can be easily avoided by choosing an appropriate DOA. Theoretical analysis is carried out using the proposed methods for slicing silicon wafers. Recommendations are made for three most commonly sliced orientations of silicon: (100), (110) and (111). DOA can be any direction for (100) and (110) wafers from the symmetry point of view but preferred DOAs do exist for these wafers from cleavage point of view. For (111) crystal there are exactly six DOAs with symmetry. However, these six DOAs do not lie in the preferred zones suggested by cleavage criterion. It is suggested that in such situations the symmetry criterion should be given precedence over the cleavage criterion during wiresawing process, as the semiconductor industry has strict tolerances in place for surface normal deviation and flatness.
The subcellular basis for the perinatal maturation of the cardiocyte

In the experimental animal, the transition from tetus to newborn to adult has long been associated with an improvement in systolic and diastolic cardiac function. Recent studies using noninvasive methods have demonstrated a similar perinatal improvement in ventricular function in the human. These perinatal changes in cardiac function have been correlated with subcellular changes in expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel and Ca2+ ATPase proteins (the primary regulators of phasic Ca2+ cycling in the mature heart), as well as with isoform switching among the myofibrillar proteins. The reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent regulation strongly supports the concept that during perinatal maturation, systolic and diastolic cardiac function are more dependent on transsarcolemmal Ca2+ flux.
Use of end-systolic volume changes with exercise to detect left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.

To determine if end-systolic volume changes (ΔESV) in response to exercise were of value in detecting left ventricular dysfunction and compare it with other presently used criteria, 41 normal subjects and 122 patients with coronary artery disease (≥70 percent cross sectional luminal narrowing) were studied. All had upright maximal bicycle stress tests using equilibrium ra-dionuclide imaging in the left anterior oblique (LAO) projection. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value were determined for several criteria which included the following defined as normal responses: ΔEF≤5 absolute units, ΔEF>0, ΔESV 0 and ΔESV 0 criterion at 83% (101/122) and 66% (80/122) (p≤0.001), respectively, and was comparable to the EF≥5 criterion at 85% (104/122). The specificity of the ΔESV criterion was superior to the ΔEF≥5 criterion at 93% (38/41) and 80% (33/41) (p 0 criterion at 95% (39/41). This relationship was also apparent when those patients with infarctions were excluded. The end-systolic volume response to stress has a high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for detecting left ventricular dysfunction, perhaps due to the fact that it is a measure of left ventricular contractility. The end-systolic volume response to stress is superior in specificity to the ΔEF≥5 criterion and superior in sensitivity to the ΔEF>0 criterion. A combination of ΔEF>0 and AESV<0 appears to be a promising criterion for detecting left ventricular dysfunction.
744: First trimester free total and fetal DNA in the maternal circulation are not associated with preeclampsia

However, severe preeclampsia rates were equal across groups. Hispanics were more likely to be uninsured, younger, enter prenatal care later, and least likely to complete high school. There was no significant difference in smoking or parity. Stratified analyses by ethnicity showed that the relationship between severe preeclampsia and comorbidities (IUGR, LBW, ICN admission) were least pronounced in Hispanics and strongest in African American women. CONCLUSION: Despite similar rates of severe preeclampsia and adverse sociodemographic characteristics, Hispanics with severe preeclampsia had better pregnancy outcomes than African-Americans or Whites with the disease.
A Luminescent Sensor Responsive to Common Oxoacids: X-ray Crystal Structure of [H3O·1,8- Oxybis(ethyleneoxyethyleneoxy)anthracene-9,10-dione]ClO4

1,8-Oxybis(ethyleneoxyethyleneoxy)anthracene-9,10-dione with a reduced cavity size, due to the presence of a carbonyl oxygen within the crown, has been shown by X-ray crystallography to encapsulate a hydronium ion. Hydrogen bonds between the hydronium ion and the crown oxygens are particularly strong, averaging 2.56 A. The polyether ring also exhibits a pronounced folding to optimize encapsulation of the hydronium ion. The hydronium hydrogen atoms have been unequivocally observed, indicating near ideal pyramidal geometry, due to the absence of hydrogen-bonding disorders previously observed in other [H3O·18-crown-6]+ structure analyses. Intense luminescence is concurrently observed with complexation of the hydronium ion within the polyether ring. Common oxoacids acids, such as HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, and CF3SO3H, result in luminescent intensities approximately 40 times larger than that of 1,8-oxybis(ethyleneoxyethyleneoxy)anthracene-9,10-dione alone, which also correlates with the pKas of these acids. This cap...
Linking Physical Activity with Academics: Strategies for Integration

Many children spend the majority of their school day passively sitting at their desks minimizing movement and maximizing sedentary learning. This type of setting does not meet the needs of students...
Social Capital and Institutional Trust: Evidence from Bolivia's Popular Participation Decentralisation Reforms

This article uses Bolivia's emblematic process of decentralisation (Popular Participation) to explore the elusive relationship between interpersonal and institutional trust, as central components of social capital. The evidence corroborates the notion that basic social interaction and more complex institutional settings are strongly co-related, such as the trust that individuals place in their governments and institutions. The data also shows that social capital has a direct effect on civic activism and political behaviour at the individual level. The notion of social capital is present throughout the analysis as this type of capital allows observing and measuring changes in social structures that affect more complex institutional arrangements.
The inaccuracies in the reprintings of Martin Luther King's “I have a dream” speech

The reprintings of Martin Luther King's “I Have A Dream” speech appearing in textbooks, tradebooks, and periodicals contain errors, some more serious than others, distorting what King actually said in his now classic speech. Some reprintings have omitted words and phrases he delivered, other reprintings have added words and phrases he never included in his presentation; in still other cases, word order has been changed and figurative language has been altered. This essay points out those numerous errors and offers the means to develop an accurate reprinting of the speech as it was delivered at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963.
Some models of plane geometries

(1990). Some Models of Plane Geometries. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 839-846.
A Transducer for the Direct Measurement of Rates of Lethality during Thermal Processing of Foods

A transducer to directly measure lethality rates during thermal processing was designed and tested. The transducer consisted of a double-legged thermocouple, thermocouple conditioner, and an antilog amplifier. Lethality rates measured real-time during thermal process experiments compared well with those calculated after-wards. A microcomputer data acquisition system was designed to evaluate this transducer. This data system was a general purpose system and can be easily modified to meet the data recording needs of similar experiments and routine processing operations.
Electroanatomic mapping of postpacing intervals clarifies the complete active circuit and variants in atrial flutter

Background Typical atrial flutter is characterized by cavotricuspid isthmus dependence and activation sequentially around the tricuspid annulus (TA), usually counterclockwise. However, analysis of the upper portion of the annulus by postpacing interval after entrainment sometimes suggests it is outside the circuit. Details on the true active circuit are limited, particularly in the upper portions. Objective The purpose of this study was to define the full active circuit in atrial flutter. Methods In 26 patients with isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, we created detailed electroanatomic maps of postpacing intervals throughout the entire right atrium. Postpacing intervals within 20 ms of the flutter cycle length were defined as within the circuit. Results Creating postpacing interval maps allowed characterization of the full active circuit in all patients, and revealed significant variations despite similar counterclockwise or clockwise patterns with activation mapping. In 8, the active circuit was solely around the TA. In 14, an oblique course between the anterior and posterior borders was found, with the upper circuit off the annulus, posterior to the right atrial appendage base. Of these, 8 coursed anterior to the SVC, 5 behind the SVC and 1 bifurcated the SVC. In 4 others, bifurcation of the upper circuit was seen around the right atrial appendage (n = 3), or around the combined right atrial appendage–superior vena cava (n = 1). Conclusion Despite similar activation around the TA, creating electroanatomic postpacing interval maps distinguishes the active flutter circuit from passively activated myocardium. Significant variability exists in the active circuit, with only a minority around the TA. Most commonly, the circuit courses not around a single barrier but obliquely between anterior and posterior borders.
Analysis of Hemoglobin Adducts of Benzene Oxide by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry☆

Abstract A method is reported for measuring cysteinyl adducts of the benzene metabolite benzene oxide (BO) with hemoglobin (Hb) in blood from humans or rodents exposed to benzene. After reacting the purified, dried protein with trifluoroacetic anhydride and methanesulfonic acid, the resulting phenyltrifluorothioacetate is extracted, washed, and detected by GC–MS in the negative-ion chemical ionization mode. The analysis of Hb adducts of BO from rats dosed with 50–400 mg/kg [ 13 C 6 ]benzene via this method resulted in values which were generally consistent, though slightly lower, than those obtained using an established method. However, while 3 weeks were required to process the samples by the former method, only 2 days were needed with the new procedure. This new method should, therefore, prove to be reliable and convenient for the rapid quantitation of cysteine-bound Hb adducts of BO.
The Use of the Adult Attachment Scale with Domestically Violent Men

Empirical evidence highlights the utility of examining attachment styles in exploring the etiology of intimate partner violence perpetration, with insecure attachment styles regularly identified as underscoring domestically violent men. This study applied the 18-item self-report Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644–663 1990) to 176 men entering a domestic violence perpetration counseling program. Factor analyses failed to result in the three factor model of the AAS. Subsequent item analyses indicated participants’ random and contradictory response style negated the possibility of any coherent factor structure. The results of this study caution investigators on the validity of self-report data with domestically violent men and offers both research and clinical/conceptual implications.
Trace element fingerprinting of ancient Chinese gold with femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry

Abstract In this collaborative investigation, femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was applied to the study of a remarkable group of ancient Chinese gold objects in the Smithsonian's Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. Taking advantage of the superior ablation characteristics and high precision of a femtosecond 266 nm Ti:sapphire laser at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, major, minor and trace element concentrations in the gold fragments were quantified. Results validate use of femtosecond LA-ICP-MS for revealing “fingerprints” in minute gold samples. These fingerprints allow us to establish patterns based on the association of silver, palladium and platinum that support historical, technical and stylistic relationships, and shed new light on these ancient objects.
Vladimir Putin's last stand: the sources of Russia's Ukraine policy

The paper studies Russia's Ukraine policy since the Orange Revolution. Russia's policy toward its western neighbor has evolved from unhappy relations with Victor Yushchenko to rapprochement with Victor Yanukovich and then confrontation over the revolutionary power change in Kiev in February 2014. The paper argues that Vladimir Putin's actions following February revolution in Kiev demonstrate both change and continuity in Russia's foreign policy. Although these actions constituted a major escalation, relative to Russia's previous behavior toward Ukraine, the escalation of relations with Kiev also reflected a broader policy pattern of Russia's assertive relations with the Western nations adopted by the Kremlin since the mid-2000s. What made Russia's conflict with Ukraine possible, even inevitable, was the West's lack of recognition for Russia's values and interests in Eurasia, on the one hand, and the critically important role that Ukraine played in the Kremlin's foreign policy calculations, on the other. T...
Chronic Hyperglycemia and Subclinical Myocardial Injury

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the association between hyperglycemia and subclinical myocardial injury in persons without clinically evident coronary heart disease (CHD). Background Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events, but limited information is available on its relationship to subclinical myocardial damage. Elevated cardiac troponin T even below traditional detection levels can be detected by a novel high-sensitivity assay. Methods We examined the association between baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in 9,661 participants free of CHD and heart failure in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Multivariable logistic regression models characterized the association between clinical categories of HbA1c ( Results Higher baseline values of HbA1c were associated in a graded fashion with elevated hs-cTnT (p for trend Conclusions Higher HbA1c is associated with elevated hs-cTnT among persons without clinically evident CHD, suggesting that hyperglycemia contributes to myocardial injury beyond its effects on development of clinical atherosclerotic coronary disease.
The sale of unprotected inventions under alternative models of contracting behavior

Abstract When property rights are unavailable or unenforceable for a specific invention it has been shown [Am. Econ. Rev. 84 (1994) 190] that it may still be possible for an independent inventor to enjoy some of the surplus generated by his invention. In this paper, I consider the case of an independent inventor with bargaining power who is free to choose the form of contracting when attempting to sell a valuable invention to firms in a duopoly industry. I show that an inventor with small wealth can do no better than to disclose his invention to a randomly chosen firm and make a contract offer. For moderate wealth, I show that, even though industry profit is maximized under a monopoly structure, the inventor may be indifferent between selling the invention to both firms by signaling the value of his invention (which is accomplished by offering contracts to both firms) and selling the invention to one firm (by offering a contract). When wealth becomes sufficiently large, I show that it is always more profitable for the inventor to signal the value of his invention (by offering a contract) to only one firm.
Human Keratinocytes Regulate Their Expression of B7/BB-1 Antigen by a Unique, Calcium-Dependent Mechanism

Previous studies of normal human keratinocytes have indicated that these cells express BB-1 antigen, an important adherence molecule usually associated with "professional" antigen-presenting cells. We studied freshly isolated epidermal cells and noted that the frequency of BB-1-positive cells in normal human skin varied front 2.6 to 7.4% of total epidermal cells. Two-color flow cytometry confirmed that keratinocytes were the major cell in the epidermis that expressed BB-1, because less than 10% of total epidermal Langerhans cells were positive for BB-1, Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from normal human epidermis revealed low levels of 1.7-kb, B7-1 transcripts, which were independent of the presence of epidermal Langerhans cells, again indicating that such transcripts were derived from keratinocytes. Keratinocytes cultured in medium containing low concentrations of extracellular calcium (0.07 mM) expressed low levels of cell-surface BB-1. However, keratinocytes cultured in medium with higher levels of extracellular calcium (1.5 mM) lost cell-surface expression of BB-1. Similarly, low-calcium keratinocytes expressed the 1.7- and 2.9-kb 87-1 transcripts, whereas high-calcium keratinocytes expressed only the 1.7-kb transcript. Studies of the cell-surface expression of BB-1 by plastic adherent monocytes indicated that such cells do not respond to similar changes in extracellular calcium concentrations. Calcium-induced differentiation of keratinocytes regulates the expression of BB-1 antigen as well as transcripts, which is a novel mechanism for the regulation of this molecule.
Implications of k-best modular product design solutions to global manufacturing

The recent trends in modularization facilitate the automation of product design leveraging digital design repository in global manufacturing environment. This paper proposes a method to find k-best designs. We formulate the problem using integer programming to obtain the optimal solution, and use cutting planes to find the next best solution. k-best design solutions provide manufacturers or product designers with more holistic view on the feasible solution space than the sole optimal solution. The k-best solutions help suppliers assess the competitiveness of their modules. We show how k-best design solutions can be utilized in product design practices through a case study.
Impact behavior of coated low-density bodies

Impact failure of the coating of space shuttle thermal protection tiles was confirmed to occur by a flexure process at low projectile velocities. The critical projectile velocity was measured for a variety of projectile sizes. The same failure process and damage sequence was observed in quasi-static indentation tests. In these tests, the mechanical behavior agreed reasonably well with the elastic model of an infinite plate bonded to a semiinfinite foundation. The model indicates that the critical fracture load could be increased by increasing coating strength, thickness, or foundation stiffness, or by decreasing the Young's modulus of the coating.
An environmental sensor network to determine drinking water quality and security

Finding patterns in large, real, spatio/temporal data continues to attract high interest (e.g., sales of products over space and time, patterns in mobile phone users; sensor networks collecting operational data from automobiles, or even from humans with wearable computers). In this paper, we describe an interdisciplinary research effort to couple knowledge discovery in large environmental databases with biological and chemical sensor networks, in order to revolutionize drinking water quality and security decision making. We describe a distribution and operation protocol for the placement and utilization of in situ environmental sensors by combining (1) new algorithms for spatialtemporal data mining, (2) new methods to model water quality and security dynamics, and (3) a sophisticated decision-analysis framework. The project was recently funded by NSF and represents application of these research areas to the critical current issue of ensuring safe and secure drinking water to the population of the United States.
CT Imaging of the Pericardium

Pericardial disease can be challenging to diagnose, and imaging can play a useful role in confirming or even suggesting the diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) is a particularly appealing option for investigating pericardial disease in many patients because the differential diagnosis for symptoms of acute pericarditis or constrictive pericarditis often includes other diseases which are also well assessed with CT. In addition, many patients will have findings of pericardial disease manifest on CT imaging for other suspected diseases, and these findings can be missed if careful attention is not paid to the pericardium. CT also can play an important role in evaluating specific pericardial lesions, such as cysts, tumors, and abscesses. We will review findings of various pericardial diseases on CT with illustrative cases.
Theory of Mott Insulators

>We review a conceptual picture of Mott insulators, based on strong orbital as well as spin polarization in unrestricted Hartree-Fock, theory, with screened intra-atomic parameters. This picture is used to interpret recent works. The mechanism for the breakdown of local-density band theory is carefully discussed.
Acculturation, Enculturation, Social Connectedness, and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese International Students

The study examined links from acculturation experience (i.e., acculturation and enculturation) through coping strategies (i.e., social connectedness [SC]) to short-term outcomes (i.e., future subjective well-being [SWB]). Using a longitudinal design, 213 Chinese international students completed an online survey. Results partially supported two mediation hypotheses: Mainstream SC at Time 2 partially mediated the association between acculturation at Time 1 and life satisfaction and positive affect (but not negative affect) at Time 2; Ethnic SC at Time 2 partially mediated the association between enculturation at Time 1 and negative affect (but not life satisfaction and positive affect) at Time 2. Furthermore, unexpectedly, Mainstream SC at Time 2 partially mediated the association between enculturation at Time 1 and life satisfaction and positive affect (but not negative affect) at Time 2. Therefore, Mainstream SC and Ethic SC are both important coping resources for Chinese international students.
Continuity in the Provider of Home Health Aide Services and the Likelihood of Patient Improvement in Activities of Daily Living

Receiving care from the same provider over time is an important dimension of continuity in home healthcare. In the present study, we examine whether continuity in the provider of home health aide s...
Relaxing backpropagation networks as associative memories

One of the most attractive features of associative memories (AM) is their abilities of associative recall, especially recall by incomplete or noisy inputs. However, most existing neural network AM models suffer from their limited storage capacities. In this paper a new model for autoassociative memory based on a novel use of backpropagation (BP) networks is proposed. In this model, recording is done by establishing pattern auto-associations using BP learning, and recall by continuously feeding back the output to the input until the network relaxes into a stable state. The convergence of the recall process is analyzed. The validity of the model is tested by computer experiments. The experiment results show that O(2/sup n/) patterns of length n can be correctly stored, and the recall quality with noisy inputs compares very favorably to conventional AM models.