cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GRIEF AND FAMILY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS: A CROSS LAGGED LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS

The present study explored the question of whether the grief process affects the characteristics of relationships within the family system or, alternatively, whether family characteristics affect the experience of grief symptoms. Sixty-one people who had recently experienced the death of a parent (82%) or spouse (18%) completed a questionnaire to assess their current grief symptomatology and characteristics of the relationships within their family 4-5 weeks after the death, and again six months later. Results from cross-lagged panel analyses suggested that increased expression of family affect, family cohesion, and both higher total Family Environment Scale and Family Assessment Measure Version III General scores were predictors of fewer grief symptoms over time. Overall, these results suggest that knowledge of a variety of aspects of a family's structure and process shortly after a death may help predict the later grief of the loss of a loved one.
Dorsal medullary serotonin and gastric motility: enhancement of effects by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Abstract The effects of serotonin (5-HT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on gastric motility patterns were investigated. Microinjection of serotonin (8 pmol in 4 nl) into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus produced a small increase in motility and tone, an effect which declined with repeated injections. As demonstrated previously, TRH (1 nmol in 1 μ1) applied to the surface of the dorsal medulla evoked a large increase in gastric motility and tone. After gastric motility returned to baseline following the TRH injection, we found that subsequent 5-HT injections, which previously evoked small changes in motility and tone, now evoked large increases in these indices. TRH augmentation of 5-HT-mediated effects on autonomic nuclei may be a significant feature in the alterations in gastric function that accompany the sleep-waking cycle and stress-related gastric pathology.
Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of White Matter Using a Micromechanics Finite Element Method

The atypical mechanical behavior of white matter and its influence on the mechanical properties of brain tissue necessitate adoption of a mutli-scale model of white matter for accurate computational analysis. Herein, we present a micromechanical analysis coupled with finite elements into a biomechanical interacting model of white matter. A representation of the white matter of central nervous system is identified and its microstructure is generated. The geometric descriptions of the axon and the surrounding matrix are obtained from neurofilament immunohistochemistry images. Consecutively, linear elastic material constitutive models are applied to describe the behavior of axons and their surrounding matrix subjected to small deformations. This model facilitates determination of the tissue’s stress and strain fields, and enables an understanding of the effects of axon undulation on local fields. The fundamental nature of the model enables future scale-up for structural tissue analysis and predictions of axon damage at the microscale.
DEFICIENCY OF A Ca2+-ATPase IN BRAINS OF SEIZURE PRONE MICE

– Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity was studied in membrane enriched preparations from the brains of audiogenic seizure-prone (DBA) and control (C57 and C3H) mice. The animals ranged in age from 7 to 60 days. Na+, K + -ATPase, 5′-nucleotidase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase were assayed to evaluate membrane integrity. Ca2+-ATPase was significantly lower in DBA mice; notably during the period of maximal seizure sensitivity. Mg2+ -ATPase somewhat followed the pattern shown by Ca2+ -ATPase. Na+, K+ -ATPase in DBA did not differ significantly from controls and there were no differences in either 5′-nucleotidase or p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities. Ca2+-ATPase kinetics experiments showed even more clearly the difference between DBA and control preparations. Vmax was consistently lower in DBA than in controls. The Km values appeared to fall into groupings suggestive of sequential synthesis of isozymes. Differences in the patterns of DBA and C57 just prior to the time of maximal seizure sensitivity are interpreted as reflecting failure to synthesize an isozyme or delay of its synthesis. The genesis of seizures through such an enzymatic defect may be related to the action of translocated ATP on the plasma membrane.
Intraosseous Drug Administration in Children and Adults During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective:To review and assess the available literature on the use of intraosseous (IO) drug administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, addressing the benefits and risks of using this method of drug delivery in children and adults.Data Sources:The MEDLINE (1950–July 2007) database was searched for pertinent abstracts, using the key term intraosseous infusions. Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the articles reviewed. Manufacturer Web sites were used to obtain information about IO insertion devices.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All available English-language clinical trials, retrospective studies, and review articles describing IO drug administration were reviewed. Studies conducted in animal models to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IO drug administration were also included.Data Synthesis:IO access uses the highly vascularized bone marrow to deliver fluids and medications during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This route, developed in the 1940s, has been...
Reversal of neutropenia with methotrexate treatment in patients with felty's syndrome. Correlation of Response with Neutrophil‐Reactive IgG

We evaluated the clinical and hematologic response to methotrexate (MTX) in 4 women with Felty's syndrome (FS) who had had neutropenia for 1-3 years. Since immune complexes or antineutrophil antibodies are implicated in the pathogenesis of the neutropenia of FS, we also measured both direct and indirect levels of neutrophil-reactive IgG. All 4 patients showed a prompt and dramatic increase in neutrophil counts within 1-2 months of starting MTX therapy. In 3 patients, the symptoms of arthritis also improved; in the fourth patient, arthritis worsened. Recurring infections ceased in 3 patients. Neutrophil-reactive IgG levels, which were elevated in all patients prior to treatment, decreased toward normal while the patients were receiving MTX therapy. We conclude that MTX is effective in treating the neutropenia of FS, in part by lowering neutrophil-reactive IgG.
Toll Booths on the Information Superhighway? Policy Metaphors in the Case of Net Neutrality

Scholars have argued for centuries that metaphors are persuasive in politics, yet scant experimental research exists to validate these assertions. Two experiments about the issue of federally regulating the Internet were conducted to test whether metaphors confer a unique persuasive advantage relative to conventional messages. The results of these studies confirm that an apt metaphor can be a powerful tool of persuasion. Moreover, the evidence suggests that metaphor-induced persuasion works particularly well for politically unsophisticated citizens by increasing assessments of message quality. Ultimately, this research concerns how individuals make sense of politics and how policymakers can use what we know about human cognition to convey their platforms to the general public.
Musculoskeletal Discomfort, Physical Demand, and Caregiving Activities in Informal Caregivers.

Objectives:To characterize the burden of care and musculoskeletal discomfort associated with caring for adults with chronic physical disability among informal caregivers and to describe the most physically demanding caregiving activities and contributing factors, as perceived by informal caregivers of adults with physical disabilities.Methods:A mixed methods approach was used for the study. Forty-six informal caregivers of adults with physical disability participated.Results:Most caregivers were classified as “high burden” caregivers. They reported high levels of physical strain and musculoskeletal discomfort. Caregivers identified several activities related to mobility and self-care as the most physically demanding. Factors affecting physical demand included caregiver and care-recipeint characteristics, activity requirements, and the physical environment.Conclusion:Interventions that target high-demand caregiving activities, including all three aspects of caregiving activity performance, are necessary to...
Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis of Salivary Glands: A Review with Some Emphasis on Intraductal Epithelial Proliferations

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare condition of salivary glands. The most common site is the parotid gland (80 % of cases). SPA shows no gender predilection and occurs over a wide age spectrum (9–84 years). SPA is mostly unifocal, but may rarely be multifocal. Histologically, SPA are sharply circumscribed mostly unencapsulated lesions composed of acinar and ductal components with variable cytomorphological characteristics, including foamy, vacuolated, apocrine, mucous, clear/ballooned, squamous, columnar and oncocyte-like cells. Characteristic for SPA is the presence of large acinar cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. The stroma is densely collagenized, frequently harbouring a variably intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate and may contain fat. Rarely the stroma is myxoid. Some degree of intraductal epithelial proliferations have been reported in at least 50 % of cases. The proportion of cases with epithelial proliferations that fulfill criteria for high-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ is <10 %. Immunohistochemically, both ductal and acinar cells are positive for broad spectrum cytokeratins. There is variable immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen and S-100 protein. CEA, p53 and HER2 is reportedly negative. Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 is strongly expressed in the acinar component. There is consistent but variable expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. The proliferative index (Ki-67) is low (1–2 %) in the benign (acinar and ductal) components. Using HUMARA methodology (non-random inactivation of X-chromosomes), six cases with atypical epithelial proliferations have been shown to be clonal processes. Recurrences have been reported in up to 19 % of cases.
The Estimated Effects of Participation in Service-Learning on Liberal Arts Outcomes

This study used data from a longitudinal, national study of recent college students to examine the estimated effects of students’ participation in service-learning on six liberal arts outcomes. Findings indicate that service-learning was a positive, significant predictor for students’ political and social involvement. Service-learning did not have a significant effect on students’ growth regarding critical thinking, moral reasoning, inclination to inquire and lifelong learn, intercultural effectiveness, or psychological well-being.
Dimensionality Reduction and Noise Removal in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many wireless sensor network datasets suffer from the effects of acquisition noise, channel noise, fading, and fusion of different nodes with huge amounts of data. At the fusion center, where decisions relevant to these data are taken, any deviation from real values could affect the decisions made. We have developed computationally low power, low bandwidth, and low cost filters that will remove the noise and compress the data so that a decision can be made at the node level. This wavelet-based method is guaranteed to converge to a stationary point for both uncorrelated and correlated sensor data. Presented here is the theoretical background with examples showing the performance and merits of this novel approach compared to other alternatives.
Unusually complex basement membranes in the midgut of two decapod crustaceans, the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the lobster (Homarus americanus)

Ultrastructural studies of the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the lobster (Homarus americanus) demonstrate that the basement membrane of the midgut (intestine) is unusually complex. In both species, the basement membrane is three-layered and has processes that form extensive networks protruding into the connective tissue. The possible functional significance of this complex structure is discussed.
Power supply topologies for biphasic stimulation in inductively powered implants

Biphasic stimulation is commonly used for electrical stimulation of tissue in many implants. A dual voltage scheme is often used for the operation of the stimulus circuitry. Due to the advantages of wireless power transmission, an inductive link is used to recover the transmitted power and generate these voltages. This paper identifies the problem of additional power dissipation in the implant when the traditional rectifier topology with one diode is used. A dual diode topology is proposed which reduces the power dissipated in the implant by half. A detailed analysis for both topologies is done through derivation of expressions for the power losses on the primary and secondary coils. A comparison of single diode and dual diode topologies is presented under different conditions and inferences are drawn that can be used as design guidelines.
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Woods Hollow Formation (Middle Ordovician), Trans-Pecos, Texas

The Woods Hollow Formation is a shale lithosome 400 to 500 feet thick that is part of the Ordovician sequence (2000 feet thick) in the Marathon geosyncline, Trans-Pecos, Texas. Estimated percentages of rock types in the formation are 65 percent shale, 16 percent quartzarenite, 15 percent calcarenite and 2 percent each of mudstone and conglomerate (including boulder beds). The olive-gray illite clay-shale was intensely burrowed by soft-bodied organisms; the only skeletal remains are graptolites and sponge spicules. Shale was deposited in a marine basin below surf base, probably in water several hundred feet deep. Quartzarenite and calcarenite beds 1 to 6 inches thick are intercalated through the shale and are characterized by bedding structures (grading; laminations overlain by convolute laminations and current-ripple laminations) that indicate they were deposited by waning currents of initially high velocity; these layers are probably turbidites. About 20 percent of the beds have atypical turbidite structures and possibly were transported or reworked by other marine currents. Siliciclastic and calcarenite debris (ostracods, pelmatozoans, oolites and pellets) were probably derived from Llanoria and a flanking carbonate platform to the east. Boulder-bearing shale and mudstone lenses contain clasts as much as 9 feet long. The coarse debris includes a variety of shallow-water and intertidal carbonate rock types and scarce sandstone, felsite porphyry, and schist. The boulder beds formed as plastic mass flows after the shelf to the west was uplifted and eroded to provide clasts that slid into the basins (Wilson, 1954a). Several beds near the top of the formation contain dolomite of inferred deep-water origin.
Doppler-sonographische Veränderungen der fetalen und uteroplazentaren Durchblutung bei unauffälligen Schwangerschaften nach mittelgradiger mütterlicher Belastung mit Fahrrad-Ergometrie

Uber die Auswirkungen der mittelschweren korperlichen Belastung auf fetale und uteroplazentare Durchblutung wurden bisher wenig Untersuchungen durchgefuhrt. In dieser Studie unterzogen sich schwangere Frauen im III. Trimenon einem Belastungstest mittels Fahrrad-Ergometrie, wobei die Veranderungen des Kreislaufs mit Hilfe doppler-sonographischer Untersuchungen festgestellt und ausgewertet wurden.
Toxicity and bioconcentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in rainbow trout

Among the most toxic isomers of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, two groups of toxic aromatic compounds, are 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF). We examined the chronic toxicity of these compounds to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The fish (0.38 ± 0.09 g) were continuously exposed in an intermittent-flow proportional diluter for 28 d to 0, 38, 79, 176, 382, and 789 pg TCDD/L (parts per quadrillion) or to 0, 0.41, 0.90, 1.79, 3.93, and 8.78 ng TCDF/L (parts per trillion); exposures to each chemical were followed by a 28-d depuration phase. TCDD had significant effects on survival, growth, and behavior during the exposure and depuration phases. The no observed effect concentration was lower than the lowest exposure concentration of 38 pg/L. The average measured BCF at 28 days was 26,707. The estimated bioconcentration factor at steady-state equilibrium was 39,000 in the lowest exposure concentration where fish were least affected. TCDF, like TCDD, induced similar effects on survival, growth and behavior. The no observed effect concentration, based on survival, was 1.79 ng/L; that based on growth was 0.41 ng/L. The measured bioconcentration factor was 6,049 in fish exposed to 0.41 ng/L, and 2,455 in fish exposed to 3.93 ng/L for 28 d.
Investigation of structural order and morphology of MCM-41 mesoporous silica using an experimental design methodology

A 24 factorial experiment program was carried out to study the main and interaction effects of four factors (mixture CTMABr/SiO2, H2O/SiO2, and EthAc/SiO2, and reaction time) on pore ordering, hexagonal unit cell parameter a0, and morphology of MCM-41. The MCM-41 was synthesized from a sodium silicate solution using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) surfactant and ethyl acetate (EthAc) pH modifier. None of the factors acted independently to determine pore ordering, in contrast to earlier limited literature data, which suggested a higher CTMABr/SiO2 disturbs the assembly of the MCM-41 structure. However, there is no contradiction between these results considering that the poorly ordered product was obtained previously from a reaction mixture with the higher EthAc/SiO2 and lower H2O/SiO2, which are shown to hinder pore ordering. A combination of these factors, resulting in a higher concentration of acetic acid (hydrolysis of EthAc), and thus, in a lower mixture alkalinity, implies that the pH affects pore ordering in MCM-41. This is consistent with extensive literature data on this mesoporous material. A small (up to ∼5%) variation of a0 due to the reaction composition and time variation was insignificant compared to the reported doubling of a0 caused by the effects of varying the surfactant alkyl chain length, addition of swelling organic compounds, or hydrothermal restructuring. Particle morphology (hexagonal platelets, gyroids, and crescent-like or worm-shaped particles) depended on the combination of mixture CTMABr/SiO2, H2O/SiO2, and EthAc/SiO2. This is consistent with the literature evidence that morphogenesis of hexagonally ordered silica is a complex phenomenon involving a variety of reaction variables.
A contrary view of the proposal to assign a neotype strain for Methanothrix soehngenii.

Arguments are presented for the rejection of the proposal (D. R. Boone, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:588-589, 1991) that the type strain GP6 of Methanosaeta concilii be designated as the neotype strain of Methanothrix soehngenii.
Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis: prognostic factors

All 42 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis diagnosed between 1981 and 1991 were evaluated. These accounted for 13% of patients with blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture-proven bacterial meningitis. There was an increased incidence of K. pneumoniae meningitis from the first 6 years of study (7%) to the last 5 years (16%). K. pneumoniae became increasingly important not only in community-acquired meningitis but also in nosocomial meningitis. 12/13 nosocomial cases were patients who had undergone neurosurgical procedures. The overall mortality rate was 43%. The mortality rate in patients with spontaneous meningitis was higher than that in patients with post-traumatic or postoperative meningitis. Factors that adversely affected mortality were age over 60, diabetes mellitus, and severe neurological deficits on admission. The use of third-generation cephalosporins did not reduce the mortality rate.
A Computational Model of Attention/Situation Awareness

A computational model of attention and situation awareness (SA) was developed and used to predict pilot errors in the task of taxiing from runway to terminal. The model incorporates a low-level per...
A Bayesian approach to dating agricultural terraces: a case from the Philippines

Field terraces are notoriously difficult to date - but historically of high significance. Here the author uses a Bayesian model applied to radiocarbon dates to date the tiered rice fields of the northern Philippines. They turn out to have been built in the sixteenth century probably by peoples retreating inland and upland from the Spanish.
Measurement of diffusion coefficients of meningococcal polysaccharide by optical mixing spectroscopy. I. A preliminary characterization on the aggregation of the group C polysaccharide.

The angular distribution of scattered intensity and decay times of concentration fluctuations have been measured by means of digital photon counting and single-clipped photon correlation for solutions of Group C meningococcal polysaccharides at 31°C. The z-average diffusion coefficient 〈D〉z and its second moment 〈D2〉z have been determined from the time-dependent correlation function using the cumulant expansion technique. Very low observed values of 〈D〉z and the tremendous width of the polydispersity index, which is the z-average normalized variance, suggest a higher degree of aggregation than the monomer–dimer type self-association at finite concentrations.
Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

During the last 25 years, there have been considerable advances in the prevention, diagnosis and management of craniomaxillofacial injuries in children. When compared to adults, the pattern of fractures and frequency of associated injuries are similar but the overall incidence is much lower. Diagnosis is more difficult than in adults and fractures are easily overlooked. Clinical diagnosis is best confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scans. Treatment is usually performed without delay and can be limited to observation or closed reduction in non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures. Operative management should involve minimal manipulation and may be modified by the stage of skeletal and dental development. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation is indicated for severely displaced fractures. Primary bone grafting is preferred over secondary reconstruction and alloplastic materials should be avoided when possible. Children require long-term follow-up to monitor potential growth abnormalities. This article is a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of facial fractures in children.
Sperm Proteome Maturation in the Mouse Epididymis

In mammals, transit through the epididymis, which involves the acquisition, loss and modification of proteins, is required to confer motility and fertilization competency to sperm. The overall dynamics of maturation is poorly understood, and a systems level understanding of the complex maturation process will provide valuable new information about changes occurring during epididymal transport. We report the proteomes of sperm collected from the caput, corpus and cauda segments of the mouse epididymis, identifying 1536, 1720 and 1234 proteins respectively. This study identified 765 proteins that are present in sperm obtained from all three segments. We identified 1766 proteins that are potentially added (732) or removed (1034) from sperm during epididymal transit. Phenotypic analyses of the caput, corpus and cauda sperm proteomes identified 60 proteins that have known sperm phenotypes when mutated, or absent from sperm. Our analysis indicates that as much as one-third of proteins with known sperm phenotypes are added to sperm during epididymal transit. GO analyses revealed that cauda sperm are enriched for specific functions including sperm-egg recognition and motility, consistent with the observation that sperm acquire motility and fertilization competency during transit through the epididymis. In addition, GO analyses revealed that the immunity protein profile of sperm changes during sperm maturation. Finally, we identified components of the 26S proteasome, the immunoproteasome, and a proteasome activator in mature sperm.
A Study of Nutrition in Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Education Programs

The aims of this study were to document the extent of nutritional content in U.S. dental hygiene program curricula; identify program directors' opinions, perceptions, and barriers to expanding nutritional content; and evaluate if a proposed nutrition curriculum model would be beneficial. This mixed methods study involved quantitative and qualitative aspects. An invitation letter was sent to all 335 directors of entry-level U.S. dental hygiene programs. In response, 55 directors submitted nutrition course syllabi from their programs (16.4% of the total) for the quantitative analysis. In addition, 14 nutrition instructors and ten program directors were interviewed regarding their perceptions and opinions of nutrition education for dental hygiene students. All aspects of the content analysis results revealed that nutrition content in entry-level dental hygiene programs is diverse. Some programs did not include nutrition content, while others provided oral and systemic nutrition intervention subject matter. Some programs offered multiple clinical nutrition applications and patient contact opportunities while most required none. The interview results disclosed a variety of opinions and perceptions of dental hygienists' role in nutrition. Several interviewees viewed dental hygienists' role in nutrition to be an integral part of patient care, while others indicated no role or providing caries prevention counseling only. Although dental hygienists are expected to provide nutrition assessments and interventions, no standards or standardized competencies exist for nutrition in dental hygiene education. A standardized nutrition model could be beneficial for entry-level programs to ensure dental hygienists possess basic knowledge to perform nutrition assessments and intervention to address Healthy People 2020's intervention initiatives.
Pilot trial of a synthetic breakpoint peptide vaccine in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and minimal disease

6514 Background: CML is characterized by a tumor-specific fusion oncoprotein, BCR-ABL. Peptides spanning the B3A2 breakpoint of BCR-ABL can elicit MHC restricted T cell responses and clinical respo...
Positive Recognition Program Increases Compliance With Medication Reconciliation by Resident Physicians in an Outpatient Clinic

The purpose of this study was to determine if well-understood, positive reinforcement performance improvement models can successfully improve compliance by resident physicians with medication recon...
The compensatory model in weight control: relapse prevention revisited.

Baker (1) provided valuable suggestions regarding our recent work (6) on weight maintenance. Baker's comments are appreciated as they help enhance the understanding of relapse prevention in we~ght control. Baker (1) ra~sed an important point in the statement that "there is an unfortunate tendency to equate obesity with sinfulness" (p. 680). T h s issue warrants further discussion and elaboration. The tendency to criticize people with health problems, referred to as victim blaming, is destructive to progress. Health care professionals are advised to avoid blaming victims for problems presumably not under their personal control (4). At the same time, such professionals help their clients take responsibility for their health. This issue may appear a paradox, but avoidance of self-blame and taking responsibility for one's health are not inconsistent (3). These issues have been explored through models OF health behavior in which two critical questions about responsibility For a problem are posed, who is to blame for causing the problem and who is responsible for a solution. A compensatory model favored by health education professionals states that people are not to blame for causing their problems, but they are held responsible for acquiring skills to resolve them (4). This may be applied to overweight and to relapse (2). Avoiding blaming a client can increase the effectiveness of efforts to promote health. By not contributing to feelings of guilt health care professionals may foster self-acceptance. Self-acceptance predicts success, while self-hate predicts failure (5). Health care professionals may encourage self-acceptance by understanding and accepting their clients. Improvement in self-esteem can support managing Me without dependence on food (7). Baker (1) also warned about simphfymg behavior and reminded readers of human complexity. While strategies of behavioral change may work well €or highly motivated clients, they ohen are not efFective for others. Human behavior is complex; being overweight may become part of one's identity. Change of diet and exercise without acknowledging the issue of human complexity invites failure. For this reason, sometimes indirect approaches to weight control may lead to weight control. Such efforts may be to improve self-concept and general well-being. Management of stress or psychological counseling may lead to change in response so people eat less and less often, using internal cues of hunger for eating. Sound emotional health supports taking care of health in all ways-including nutrition, weight control, and fitness. As people vary, so must effective approaches.
Common Ground in the Arbitration Debate

This paper offers a comprehensive look at the state of empirical research in the field of arbitration. Its release coincides with the reintroduction of the Arbitration Fairness Act, which would constitute the most significant reform of arbitration law in the United States since the FAA's enactment. Moving beyond typical the typical punch/counterpunch that has characterized much of the policy debate in this area, this paper identifies areas of common ground on which arbitration's proponents and opponents can agree. It then consider an issue-by-issue critique of arbitration and responds in detail to several of the recent attacks on the field. The paper closes by charting out a research agenda on arbitration and urges Congress to act cautiously before deciding whether to reform this important method of dispute resolution.
The promotion of self-forgiveness, responsibility, and willingness to make reparations through a workbook intervention

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a workbook intervention designed to promote self-forgiveness, acceptance of responsibility, and willingness to make amends/reparations in a university student sample. The intervention manual consisted of three parts: (a) promoting prosocial and responsible attitudes, (b) reducing barriers to self-forgiveness, and (c) promoting healthy thinking and behaviors. Outcome measures included acceptance of responsibility, motivation to make reparations, and state and trait self-forgiveness. Measures were administered pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N = 50) or a control group (N = 43). The control group studied materials for their university courses instead of completing the intervention. Following the intervention, the intervention group had significantly a higher state and dispositional self-forgiveness post-test compared to the control group. Changes in acceptance of responsibility ...
Bioenergetics and the Mitochondrial Genome

Life is the interplay between structure, energy, and information. The human cell is the product of an ancient symbiosis between two co-equal microorganisms that subsequently became specialized: the nucleus-cytosol organism becoming specialized in defining structure and the mitochondrial organism becoming specialized in energy production. As a result, all of the mitochondrial genes for structure were transferred to the nuclear DNA (nDNA) resulting in genes with a Mendelian and quantized inheritance but a low mutation rate. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) retained only the core mitochondrial energy production genes which have a maternal and quantitative inheritance and a high mutation rate. The key factors in the environment for a species are the availability of calories and the demands made on the use of the acquired calories. Therefore, the main system by which ours or any mammalian species adapts to longer-term regional environmental differences is through mtDNA mutations that alter the efficiency of energy metabolism, while the main system by which individuals adapt to shorter-term reversible environmental changes is through epigenomic changes in the regulation of the expression of their nDNA-encoded bioenergetic genes. This epigenomic regulation is modulated through protein modifications made using mitochondrially generated high-energy intermediates. Hence, when calories are abundant, high-energy intermediates increase, epigenomic modifications of the histones precede, the chromatin relaxes, and increased gene expression permits cell growth and reproduction. When calories are limited, histones become unmodified, nDNA gene expression subsides, and growth and reproduction are suspended. From this energetic perspective, the pathophysiology and genetics of the common–complex diseases can be reinterpreted as the result of energetic and non-Mendelian changes. This altered perspective suggests a novel and coherent theory for the etiology and inheritance of human metabolic and degenerative disease, cancer, and aging.
Influence of Hypertension on Vision in Diabetics Undergoing Dialysis: Comparison of Peritoneal and Hemodialysis

The maintenance of visual function in 41 diabetic patients treated by peritoneal dialysis and 71 treated by hemodialysis was evaluated periodically. Vision was maintained slightly better in the peritoneal dialysis group of adult onset but not that of juvenile onset diabetes when compared to hemodialysis groups. Blood glucose control was not a major determinant of visual outcome; maintenance of vision correlated with control of blood pressure. The major determinant of the visual outcome, however, was the severity of retinopathy at the onset of dialysis.
Bioinformatics in Neuropsychiatric Genomics

Progress in bioinformatics has facilitated dramatic advances in the scope and efficiency of the biological sciences. As a powerful and transformative tool in the service of genomics and allied disciplines, it has also opened entirely new research questions. In this chapter, we review some of the core components in this relatively new field and illustrate how bioinformatics has been and will continue to be crucial to continued progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disease.
Probleme am Anfang des Lebens

Zwischen den ethischen Problemen des Lebensanfangs und denen des Lebensendes besteht in vieler Hinsicht ein logischer, fast symme-trischer Zusammenhang. Aber das Problem selbst, obwohl die Fragen oft ahnlich sind, ist nicht vollig dasselbe. Probleme des Anfangs wie auch des Endes beschaftigen sich mit der Frage, was Leben bedeutet, worin der Unterschied zwischen „am Leben zu sein“ und „ein Leben zu haben“ besteht; bei beiden stellt sich die Frage nach der arztlichen und medizinischen Pflicht; und sowohl Sterben als auch Geborenwerden sind unvermeidlich kulturell und sozial bedingt. Oftmals ist auch bei beiden das Subjekt (ob Embryo, Fotus, Saugling, Kleinkind oder sogar alteres Kind; ob bewustlos, senil oder verwirrt) nicht selbst voll entscheidungsfahig. Aber es gibt auch grose Unterschiede: Kinder (besonders kleine Kinder und Sauglinge) sind „undurchsichtig“: D.h. sie haben keine Biographie (keine „Fahrte“), die einem wie bei alteren Kindern oder Erwachsenen uber sie Aufschlus geben konnten. Viele Fragen, die mit dem Lebensanfang zu tun haben, befassen sich nicht mit einer hoffnungslosen Situation, sondern mit einer Situation, die viel mehr Optionen hat.
Unicentric Castleman Disease

Unicentric Castleman disease is typically a localized (unicentric) and benign lymphoproliferative lesion of unknown etiology involving lymph nodes. Two variants of the disease are recognized: hyaline vascular and plasma cell. In the past, a mixed variant also was described, but currently most of these cases are considered part of the spectrum of the plasma cell variant.
Oxidation of I- and S2- Anions by Oxygen in Aqueous Suspensions of Silica Gel

Oxidation of I- and S2- anions on the silica gel surface by atmospheric oxygen was studied at room temperature. The possibility and rate of oxidation processes are determined by the content of silica gel and oxygen in the systems. Tentative interpretation of the results is based on the assumption that a highly reactive singlet 1O2 species is formed in the oxygen ensemble on the silica surface.
Switchable Lamb wave delay lines using AlGaN/GaN heterostructure

This paper reports on the first demonstration of GaN-based switchable Lamb wave delay lines with >40 dB ON/OFF ratio at several gigahertz frequency range. The high-density two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is used to screen out the lateral electric field and switch off the piezoelectric transducer. By properly selecting the thickness-to-wavelength ratio, the proposed Lamb wave delay line only exhibits zero-order symmetric (S0) and anti-symmetric (A0) Lamb wave mode responses, while providing significant spurious mode reduction up to 26.5 GHz. The Lamb wave delay lines show superior performance in terms of insertion loss and out-of-band rejection over conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and also achieve a good linearity.
Unusual Bedfellows? PRI–PVEM Electoral Alliances in Mexican Legislative Elections

We examine the electoral alliances between two Mexican political parties – the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) and the Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico (PVEM). Despite the PRI’s electoral dominance, it has entered into preelection agreements with the PVEM since 2003. These electoral pacts are unusual for several reasons: the parties do not share an ideology; their bases of support come from different social sectors; and the PRI’s survival as a party does not depend on these pacts. Using electoral data from 2006 to 2015, we examine the electoral districts in which the PRI and the PVEM ran joint candidates in federal legislative elections. We find that the ultimate goals of each party, their past electoral performances at the legislative district level, and the presence of PRI–PVEM alliances in gubernatorial elections explain the parties’ choices to collaborate in certain districts. Our findings have important implications for understanding the behavior of parties in newer democracies.
Selected health and lifestyle factors, cytosine-adenine-guanine status, and phenoconversion in Huntington's disease.

BACKGROUND In Huntington's disease, 60% of the variance in onset age is not explained by the huntingtin gene mutation. Huntington's disease onset was earlier in caffeine users. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of lifestyle factors with motor phenoconversion among persons at risk for Huntington's disease. METHODS The associations of motor phenoconversion and exposure to selected lifestyle and health factors were examined using Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, gender, and repeat length. RESULTS Of 247 participants, 36 (14.6%) phenoconverted. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years. Greater caffeinated soda use was associated with an increased hazard of phenoconversion: moderate use hazard ratio 2.26 (95% confidence interval 0.59-8.71), high use hazard ratio 4.05 (95% confidence interval 1.18-13.96). CONCLUSIONS Huntington's disease onset was earlier among consumers of caffeinated soda, but not other caffeinated beverages. This finding may be spurious or not related to caffeine. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
POTENTIAL REVERSAL OF TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOID CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH TTR SPECIFIC ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE THERAPY

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) may result from mutation in the gene encoding serum transthyretin (TTR), a transport protein of thyroid hormone and vitamin A, or occur sporadically without a TTR mutation in older individuals. In the majority of patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy death is due to
Song Learning in Birds Offers a Model for Neuronal Replacement in Adult Brain

The discovery of neurogenesis in adult canaries came as a surprise because it was found in a context where it had not been contemplated, the study of vocal learning. To everybody’s disbelief, the new, spontaneously produced neurons replaced numerically others that had died, a process of spontaneous brain self-repair or rejuvenation. I will describe how these discoveries came about and how they have helped us understand the natural history of neurogenesis and neuronal replacement in adult brain. Adult neurogenesis may also shed light on a basic issue of brain function: what limits learning?
Electrostatic Properties of Molecules from Diffraction Data

Single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis today has become an essential methodology for scientists in a wide range of disciplines that span solid-state physics, synthetic chemistry and molecular biology. Although x-ray diffraction was first exploited by the Braggs in 1913 for crystal structure determination,1 it has only been the last three decades that the method has become routine for establishing the atomic structure in a crystallographic unit cell. The advent of digital computers has made it possible to implement direct methods, the evaluation of relations between measured diffraction intensities and phases, for the assignment of phases to observed x-ray structure factor moduli. Accurate measurements of the diffracted intensities are now made with diffractometers that operate in an automatic mode with supporting software to select out the photon counts which are mostly due to elastic scattering. For many crystals of organic compounds, which have rather low Debye temperatures, it is routine in many labs to cool the sample to about 100 K with a cold stream of nitrogen and thereby measure Bragg diffraction intensities at these reduced temperatures to larger scattering angles than is possible at room (300 K) temperature. Thus full atomic resolution is often achieved. When the phase estimates of the structure factors are adequate for locating the atoms within ten or so picometers of their mean thermal positions, least squares programs are then used to adjust both atomic positions and mean square amplitudes of vibration by fitting a structure factor model to the “observed” structure factor moduli or their squares. In this latter stage of a crystal structure anlaysis, the observation to parameter ratio is greater than ten to one and, for the case of high resolution data, the ratio may exceed fifty to one. The very large redundancy - the larger number of observations to number of atomic parameters - in x-ray crystallography is what makes the experiment a definitive method for structure determination. Upon completion of a crystal structure determination, it is routine to report atomic positions with estimated standard deviations in the range of tenths of picometers. In some cases a dynamical analysis of the structure, such as a rigid body motion model, is included in an attempt to deduce the equilibrium structure of the atoms in the crystal. The final objective, a complete determination of the atomic arrangement with precise metrics in a crystal unit cell, has been met.
Role of T-Type Ca2+ Channels in the Development of Arrhythmias and Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

The T-type Ca2+ channels are both abundant in pacemaker cells and activated at low thresholds, properties important for involvement in diastolic depolarization. Although T-type Ca2+ current is tiny, bradycardia is induced by blocking the current with inhibitors or by genetic manipulation, supporting the view that the T-type Ca2+ channels play a role in the regulation of the pacemaker. Besides regulating pacemaker current, the T-type Ca2+ channels have been implicated in electrical remodeling and ischemia–reperfusion injury, events involving Ca2+ overload.
What a Mess! Participation as a Simple Managerial Rule to

This paper adopts a view of organizations as complex adaptive systems and makes a case for making organizations more complex internally through the use of a fairly simple managerial rule - using participative decision making. Participation in decision making enhances connectivity in organizations, which in turn, gives the organization the opportunity to self-organize and co-evolve in more effective ways than when there is minimal connectivity (i.e., autocracy). The paper uses a specific body of research to support the arguments about why participation can benefit the practice of management in modern organizations.
Arthur Conan Doyle's the Reigate Puzzle: A Cartographical and Photographical View (Part 2)

Part 1 of this paper can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2875061 How did Sherlock Holmes and John Watson make their way from Lyon to Reigate, and around Reigate once they arrived? This map and its companion explain.
Linkage Mapping: Localizing the Genes That Shape Human Variation

Linkage analysis has a long and successful history as a tool for localizing genes that shape human variation. This chapter provides a brief history of linkage analysis and an overview of linkage analysis methods used to map genes in human and nonhuman primate samples. The concepts behind linkage analysis are reviewed as basic approaches to Mendelian penetrance model-based, concordant and discordant sibling pair, and quantitative trait linkage. Examples of the successful application of these techniques in human and nonhuman primate studies are provided. Special challenges for linkage analysis in nonhuman primates and the role of linkage analysis in the whole genome sequence era are also discussed.
Knowledge as growth

The purpose of this paper is to reflect and articulate the key scholarly contributions made by Cristiano Antonelli in his pathbreaking book, The Knowledge Growth Regime: A Schumpeterian Approach and why it is so important, not only to scholars of innovation and Schumpeterian economics, but also to the entirety of economic thinking. This paper highlights how this important new book breaks new and important ground paving the way for a new paradigm in economics, where knowledge takes the center stage.