cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultracold Nonreactive Molecules in an Optical Lattice: Connecting Chemistry to Many-Body Physics

We derive effective lattice models for ultracold bosonic or fermionic nonreactive molecules (NRMs) in an optical lattice, analogous to the Hubbard model that describes ultracold atoms in a lattice. In stark contrast to the Hubbard model, which is commonly assumed to accurately describe NRMs, we find that the single on-site interaction parameter $U$ is replaced by a multichannel interaction, whose properties we elucidate. Because this arises from complex short-range collisional physics, it requires no dipolar interactions and thus occurs even in the absence of an electric field or for homonuclear molecules. We find a crossover between coherent few-channel models and fully incoherent single-channel models as the lattice depth is increased. We show that the effective model parameters can be determined in lattice modulation experiments, which, consequently, measure molecular collision dynamics with a vastly sharper energy resolution than experiments in a free-space ultracold gas.
Examining Two Theoretical Models Predicting American and Dutch Parents’ Mediation of Adolescent Social Media Use

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present study was to utilize two theoretical models, one based on a mediation approach and the other on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to understand parents’ mediation of their adolescents’ social media use. Data were collected from parents of adolescents ages 10–18 in two countries, the United States (US) and the Netherlands. Results indicated significant differences between the two samples. Specifically, American parents reported more concern about adolescent social media use, more positive attitudes and perceived subjective norms to control adolescent use, and higher levels of active and restrictive mediation. In general, demographics and parental concern accounted for more explained variance in mediation behaviors among Dutch parents, and the TPB-based variables accounted for more explained variance among American parents. Results suggest important implications for the integration of different theoretical models to explain parent mediation behavior.
Impact of a motivated performance task on autonomic and hemodynamic cardiovascular reactivity

AbstractMotivated performance (MP) tasks include mental stressors characterized by a high degree of motivation, individual engagement, and sympathetic overstimulation. It is therefore important to document the independent influence of motivation apart from engagement on markers of cardiovascular autonomic modulation, including vasomotor tone (low-frequency systolic blood pressure, LFSBP), blood pressure homeostasis (baroreflex sensitivity, BRS), and myocardial oxygen consumption (rate pressure product, RPP). Accordingly, an arithmetic task (AT) was used to manipulate motivation to evaluate its impact on cardiovascular reactivity. Forty-two young adults (Mage = 20.21 years, SD = 2.09) qualified for the study. After a 10-min resting period, electrocardiogram and finger beat-to-beat blood pressure were recorded at three distinct 5-min stages: baseline (BASE), AT, and recovery (REC). Prior to AT initiation, participants were randomized into two groups based on directions stating that the AT task was either de...
Market Institutions and Performance

… the fact of our irremediable ignorance of most of the particular facts … [underlying] … the processes of society is, however, the reason why most social institutions have taken the form they actually have. Hayek (1973, pp. 12–13) Knowledge, Institutions, and Markets Noncooperative or Cournot-Nash competitive equilibrium (CE) theory has conventionally offered two specifications concerning the preconditions for achieving a CE: Agents require complete, or “perfect,” information on the equations defining the CE, and also common knowledge; all must know that all know that all know … that they have this information. In this way, all agents have common expectations of a CE and their behavior must necessarily produce it. Another tradition, popularly articulated in textbooks and showing, perhaps, more sensitivity for plausibility, has argued for the weaker requirement that agents need only be price takers in the market. Hayek's comment on the assumption of complete knowledge clarifies the methodological problem posed for economics: Complete rationality of action in the Cartesian sense demands complete knowledge of all the relevant facts … but the success of action in society depends on more particular facts than anyone can possibly know. And our whole civilization … must rest on our believing much that we cannot know to be true in the Cartesian sense. … There exists a great temptation, as a first approximation, to begin with the assumption that we know everything needed for full explanation and control … the argument then proceeds as if that ignorance did not matter … the fact of our irremediable ignorance of most of the particular facts … [underlying] … the processes of society is, however, the reason why most social institutions have taken the form they actually have (Hayek, 1973, pp. 12–13).
Clinical Perspective on Chemo-Resistance and the Role of RNA Processing

Pre-messenger RNA splicing is significantly changed in cancer cells leading to the expression of cancer-specific transcripts. These transcripts have the potential to be used as cancer biomarkers and also as targets for new therapeutic approaches. In addition, the cancer-specific transcripts have the potential to alter the drug response of the cancer cells creating a chemo-resistant state. This later property of alternative splicing presents a challenge to clinicians in the design of effective therapeutic regimens. When a patient’s cancer relapses it is frequently refractory to standard chemotherapies resulting in a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of how alternative splicing can lead to chemo-resistance is critical to the effective delivery of treatment. Here, we will discuss the impact of alternative splicing variants on drug metabolism and activation; on drug interactions with cell signaling pathways; and on cell death pathways in cancer therapeutics. In addition to the initial characterization of splicing variants, the mechanisms leading to alterations in splicing are being studied in the setting of chemo-resistance and will be discussed here. The promise of therapeutic intervention to obviate the impact of these splicing variants will significantly enhance treatment options for cancer patients.
Lens transcriptome profile during cataract development in Mip-null mice.

Major intrinsic protein or aquaporin-0 (MIP/AQP0) functions as a water channel and a cell-junction molecule in the vertebrate eye lens. Loss of MIP function in the lens leads to degraded optical quality and cataract formation by pathogenic mechanisms that are unclear. Here we have used microarray-hybridization analysis to detect lens transcriptome changes during cataract formation in mice that are functionally null for MIP (Mip-/-). In newborn Mip-/- lenses (P1) 11 genes were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated (>2-fold, p= 6-fold) in the Mip-/- lens at P1 included those coding for a mitochondrial translocase (Timmdc1), a matrix metallopeptidase (Mmp2), a Rho GTPase-interacting protein (Ubxn11) and a transcription factor (Twist2). Apart from Mip, the most down-regulated genes (>4-fold) in the Mip-/- lens at P1 included those coding for a proteasome sub-unit (Psmd8), a ribonuclease (Pop4), and a heat-shock protein (Hspb1). Lens fiber cell degeneration in the Mip-/- lens was associated with increased numbers of TUNEL-positive cell nuclei and dramatically elevated levels of calpain-mediated proteolysis of αII-spectrin. However red-ox status, measured by glutathione and free-radical levels, was similar to that of wild-type. These data suggest that while relatively few genes (∼1.5% of the transcriptome) were differentially regulated >2-fold in the Mip-/- lens, calpain hyper-activation acts as a terminal pathogenic event during lens fiber cell death and cataract formation.
Automated G m C filter design: A case study in accelerated reuse of analog circuit design

The increasing complexity of analog design for SoCs has become a bottleneck due to the lack of established design automation flows. Consequently, reuse of analog design IP (intellectual property) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the semiconductor industry. Traditional design reuse approaches still require a considerable amount of a designer's time for a new set of specifications or migration to new technology nodes. This paper describes an accelerated design reuse strategy for analog circuit design using design automation techniques. As a case study, we developed an automated G m C filter design flow using a combination of heuristic and stochastic optimization methods. The resultant IP is capable of generating SPICE netlists for wide sets of specifications and different technology nodes with minimal designer effort.
Feed Ingredients | Feed Supplements: Fats and Protected Fats

Adding fat to dairy rations can affect the productive efficiency of dairy cows through a combination of caloric and noncaloric effects. Caloric effects are attributable to greater energy content and energetic efficiency of lipid compared to those of carbohydrate or protein, and the overall benefit is increased milk production. Noncaloric effects are caused by benefits from added fat that are not directly attributable to its energy content or increased milk production. Examples of the proposed noncaloric effects include improved reproductive performance and altered fatty acid profile of milk. The benefits derived from feeding additional fat to dairy cattle are greatly influenced by two interactions between dietary fats and the microbial population in the rumen: (1) the extent that the fat source inhibits growth and function of the microbial population and (2) the extent that the lipid is transformed by the microbial population. Lipid transformations consist of lipolysis followed by biohydrogenation leading to conversion of dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids that eventually reach body tissues. Biohydrogenation in the rumen also leads to the formation of conjugated linoleic acid, some isomers of which can cause milk fat depression. Feed fats have been modified in several ways to lessen negative impacts on ruminal fermentation and avoid biohydrogenation to deliver more unsaturated fatty acids postruminally.
The relation of anxiety and cognition in Parkinson's disease.

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been conceptualized as a motor disorder, but nonmotor symptoms also manifest in the disease and significantly reduce quality of life. Anxiety and cognitive dysfunction are prevalent nonmotor symptoms, even in early disease stages, but the relation between these symptoms remains poorly understood. We examined self-reported anxiety and neurocognitive function, indexed by measures of executive function (set-shifting and phonemic fluency), categorical fluency, and attention/working memory. We hypothesized that anxiety would correlate with cognitive performance. Method The Beck Anxiety Inventory and cognitive tests (Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, Digit Span) were administered to 77 nondemented adults with mild to moderate idiopathic PD (39 men, 38 women; Mage = 62.9 years). Results Higher anxiety was associated with more advanced disease stage and severity and with poorer set-shifting when using a derived metric to account for motoric slowing. Depression correlated with greater anxiety and disease severity, but not with cognitive performance. Conclusions Our findings support the association of anxiety with a specific domain of executive function, set-shifting, in nondemented individuals with mild to moderate PD, raising the possibility that treatment of anxiety may alleviate aspects of executive dysfunction in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record
Reducing sugar use in coffee while maintaining enjoyment: A randomized controlled trial:

Consuming coffee without (or with less) sugar may help people lower their daily calorie intake without restrictive dieting. We tested two theory-based interventions to help people do so. One involved gradually reducing sugar over time, and the other was based on mindfulness theory. These interventions were compared to a repeated exposure (to sugar-free coffee) group. Participants in all conditions had significant increases in consumption of sugar-free coffee that lasted 6 months. The mindfulness group had a larger increase than the others. Unexpectedly, the gradual reduction intervention led to a decrease in liking for sugar-free coffee and was the least effective.
Analysis of dielectric Cerenkov and periodic grating free electron maser amplifiers for millimeter waves

We analyze dielectric liner and periodic planar guides for moderate power, low voltage sources of millimeter waves. The analysis shows that optimum gain utilizing thin, high dielectric constant liners can be obtained at lower voltages (< 75 keV). A companion analysis of periodic gratings shows that large depth gratings (0.75<p/d<5.0) allows a comparable millimeter range spatial wave growth (2-5 dB/cm) at moderate beam voltages. We present results of analysis for the Streaming Beam Experiment (SBX) which is under construction at the University of Wisconsin.
Russell and the Cuban Missile Crisis

THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS lasted only thirteen days, from 15 October to 28 October 1962. For thirteen days the world was brought closer to the edge of a nuclear war than it had ever been before. Throughout this time Bertrand Russell sent an amazing series of telegrams to President John F. Kennedy, Chairman Nikita Khrushchev, U Thant (then Secretary General of theUnited Nations), Prime Minister HaroldMacmillan, and other heads of state, and to major newspapers such as the Manchester Guardian, London Times and New York Times. Then, within forty-eight hours of Russell's telegrams, the Tass news agency began broadcasting an important reply to Russell from Chairman Khrushchev, an event that brought Russell nearer to the centre of the scene, causing the press, TV and radio correspondents to rush to interview the "nonagenarian intellectual in carpet slippers in his cottage in North Wales", and find out why the head of a powerful state used a ninety-year-old philosopher in this power game. Appraisals of Russell's effect on the crisis span the full range of the spectrum, from Ronald Clark's negative statement, "there is no evidence to suggest that Russell's intervention affected the course of events", 1 to claims by some of his followers that his actions were a determining factor in preventing World War III. Many contemporary newspaper accounts lauded his intervention as bringing about the turning-point in the crisis,
Infrared and Raman Investigations of Long-Wavelength Phonons in Layered Materials

Research interest in the phonon energies of layered crystal structures has grown rapidly during the last decade. The reasons for the interest vary from fundamental considerations concerning low-dimensional systems to the utility of these materials as superconductors, lubricants, and thermoelectric elements. Infrared and Raman studies of layered materials were initiated long before the current phase of research activity. The first infrared spectrum was obtained on brucite [Mg(OH)2] in 1905 by Coblentz [1]; however, relatively few papers were reported in the literature before 1960. Krishnamurti’s work [2] on Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 appears to have been the first extensive Raman study of layered compounds. Current activity has also greatly benefited from instrumental developments in spectrometers and laser light sources. Infrared and Raman techniques are now mature, and they have been used to advantage in far-infrared and high-resolution work on layered structures. (The former experimental difficulties can be appreciated by reading the survey of the Raman effect in solids by Menzies [3], which was written a little over twenty years ago.)
Treatments of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Civilian Populations

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a chronic, heterogeneous disorder for which a multitude of psychotherapies, pharmaceuticals, and immerging treatment programs are available. Majority of efficacy studies focus on Caucasian male military populations, which may be a reason why not all patients respond to treatment with long-term positive outcomes. Additionally, effects of treatment on symptom clusters have been neglected. This work reviews treatment of PTSD and its symptom clusters exclusively in civilian populations, which have been historically under-examined in the literature. Exposure therapy stands at the forefront of successful PTSD treatment and offers a more cost-effective solution to pharmacotherapy; however, refugees and patients with comorbid depression may not experience such strong benefits. For exposure therapy and other forms of psychotherapy, non-inferiority studies point to promise of internet-delivered and telemedicine-based methods for reaching populations that may not have access to in-person care. SSRIs are the most widely used pharmaceutical treatment for PTSD; moderate initial benefits are observed yet long-term retention and outcomes may be enhanced by adjunct treatment. Again, refugees are a group that experiences lesser benefit. Research has begun to explore efficacy of treatments for individual symptom clusters, with hyperarousal benefiting most from currently available modalities. Avoidance, intrusion, negative thoughts and beliefs, and dissociation are symptoms requiring more research for focused interventions. Treatment of PTSD has evolved to (1) include equivalent proportions of men and women, along with focused female-exclusive cohorts; (2) explore novel methods of treatment online and in various cultural contexts; and (3) less focus on medication as evidenced by current clinical trials. In addition to further efficacy and safety studies in more diverse ethnic populations, work is needed to examine what therapies are best for targeting specific symptom clusters of PTSD. This research will drive precision treatment, and such research is beginning to point towards underlying mechanisms of pathology and change.
SECRETORY CARCINOMA OF THE PAROTID GLAND IN A 9-YEAR-OLD FEMALE PATIENT: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Introduction Formerly known as mammary analogue carcinoma (MASC), secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands (SCSG) is a low-grade malignancy harboring the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation. SCSG shares morphological and genetic features with secretory carcinoma of the breast. It shows a characteristic protean histological phenotype reminiscent of acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, NOS. We report a case of SCSG in a pediatric patient showing a pure zymogen-poor acinic cell carcinoma morphology. Clinical presentation A 9-year-old female patient presented to the ENT clinic with 8 months history of left facial swelling. Imaging studies showed a 2.7 cm lesion of the left parotid gland with no lymphadenopathy. Left lateral lobe parotidectomy with facial nerve dissection and preservation was performed. Gross examination of the tumor revealed a tan, hemorrhagic ill-defined mass, measuring 2.5 × 2.4 × 2 cm. Microscopic examination showed lobulated growth pattern consisting of papillary architecture and microcystic spaces. Lobules of tumor cells were identified in the intraparotid lymph node. The tumor was negative for DOG-1 and strongly positive for Mammaglobin, S-100, GATA-3, CK 7, and Pan cytokeratin. The ETV6 gene translocation was subsequently detected by FISH. Literature review A total of 17 cases of pediatric SCSGs (age range: 8-18 years) have been reported in the literature. The parotid gland (88%) is the most common location. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection. Based on the limited number of documented cases, SCSG appears to show an indolent biological behavior rarely occurring in pediatric patients. Conclusion Because of the spectrum of histological patterns of SCSG, immunohistochemical markers and genetic documentation of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion are essential to correctly diagnose this tumor.
Structure and Mechanism of Eukaryotic Type IIA Topoisomerases

Type II topoisomerases maintain DNA superhelicity and disentangle chromosomal segments to support cell division and viability. These activities are carried out by an ATP-dependent, duplex strand-passage mechanism that relies on the transient and reversible enzyme-mediated cleavage of DNA. A wealth of biochemical and structural data on Top2 (topo II), the eukaryotic member of this topoisomerase family, as well as complementary studies on its bacterial counterparts (DNA gyrase and topo IV), has helped explain many essential features of this complex catalytic cycle.
The continual impact of the Paris System on urine cytology, a 3-year experience.

OBJECTIVE The development of the Paris System (TPS) has provided a standard and reproducible system for reporting urine cytopathology. Our goal was to study the impact of TPS on the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology since we began using it in 2016. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of all urine cytology specimens received at our institution from January 2015 through July 2017. Cases were included in the study if they had corresponding surgical pathology follow up. In total, 3829 cases were identified over this time period, with 381 cases meeting inclusion criteria, comprising 87 cases from 2015, 166 from 2016 and 128 from 2017. Using the histopathology diagnosis as the gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) for the detection of carcinoma were calculated. RESULTS Before TPS, urine cytology had a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 12.5%, PPV of 83.5%, NPV of 100.0% and DA of 83.9%. After TPS, for 2016, urine cytology had sensitivity of 87.1%, specificity of 95.9%, PPV of 96.4%, NPV of 85.4% and DA of 91.0%. For 2017 after TPS, the sensitivity was 81.7%, specificity was 100.0%, PPV was 100.0%, NPV was 81.4% and DA was 89.8%. CONCLUSION For the detection of urinary tract malignancy, after switching to TPS, we observed a marked increase in urine cytology specificity and PPV, both of which continued to gradually increase from 2016 to 2017. The DA also improved with TPS.
Cutting for Cures: Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

CITATIONCastriotta RJ, Chung P. Cutting for cures: bariatric surgery and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(10):1391–1392.
Topical Tranexamic Acid for Hemostasis of an Oral Bleed in a Patient on a Direct Oral Anticoagulant.

Author(s): Boccio, Eric; Hultz, Kyle; Wong, Ambrose H. | Abstract: Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent currently approved and utilized in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, traumatic extracranial hemorrhage, anterior epistaxis, and dental procedures on patients with hemophilia. There is a paucity of literature evaluating the use of TXA for hemostasis in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).Case Report: Our patient, a 72 year-old male on rivaroxaban, presented with persistent bleeding following a punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Given the site of bleeding, inability to effectively tamponade, patient’s anticoagulated state, and risk of impending airway compromise, a dressing was soaked with 500 milligram (mg) of TXA and was held in place with pressure using a makeshift clamp until a thrombus formed. Hemostasis was achieved preventing the need for acute ENTotolaryngologic intervention and/or intubation. The patient was observed in the medical setting overnight and discharged home without any recurrence of bleeding or adverse events.Discussion: This case report describes our experience achieving hemostasis for an otherwise uncontrollable oral bleed in an anticoagulated patient on a DOAC who could not be reversed. Intervention is simple to perform, cost-effective, and requires few resources which are readily available in most emergency departments.Conclusion: We report a novel application of TXA to control an oral mucosal bleed in an anticoagulated patient which was on a DOAC refractory to traditional measures.
Food intake is associated with verbal interactions between nursing home staff and residents with dementia: A secondary analysis of videotaped observations.

Abstract Background Nursing home residents with dementia commonly experience low food intake, leading to negative functional and nutritional consequences. While the importance of staff-resident (dyadic) interactions during mealtime is acknowledged, little research has examined the role of dyadic verbal interactions on food intake. Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationship between food intake and dyadic verbal interactions. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of 110 videotaped observations of mealtime care interactions among 25 residents with dementia and 29 staff (42 unique dyads) in 9 nursing homes. Staff positive utterances and resident positive and negative utterances (independent variables) and food intake (dependent variable) were coded from the videotaped observations using the Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia video coding scheme. A linear mixed model was fit to the data. The two-way interaction effects of food type and video duration with each independent variable as well as two-way interaction effects among the independent variables were tested. Covariates included in the model were the number of years staff worked as a caregiver, and resident age, gender, and eating function. Results The model included three significant interaction effects involving verbal variables: the interaction effect of staff positive utterances with resident positive utterances (p=.030), the interaction effect of staff positive utterances with food type (p=.027), and the interaction effect of resident negative utterances with video duration (p=0.002). Increased number of intakes of liquid food per minute was associated with increased number of staff positive utterances per minute when residents did not make positive utterances. Decreased number of intakes of solid food per minute was associated with increased number of staff positive utterances per minute, especially when residents made between 0 and 3 positive utterances per minute. As the duration of the videos increased, the number of intakes per minute increased for residents who made one or more negative utterances and decreased for residents who made no negative utterances in the videos. The number of intakes per minute was associated with resident gender in that male residents had increased number of intakes per minute compared with female residents (p=.017), and was not associated with other participant characteristics. Conclusion Intake was associated with dyadic verbal interactions, and such relationship was complex in that it was moderated by food type and video duration. Findings support the significant role of dyadic verbal interactions on intake, and inform the development of effective, tailored mealtime care interventions to promote intake.
The association between preeclampsia and ICD diagnosis of neonatal sepsis

Infants born to mothers with preeclampsia are at risk for many short and long-term complications. The objective of this study was to examine the association between preeclampsia and ICD diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in a large United States data set. A retrospective cohort study from the Consortium on Safe Labor. A total of 180,277 women with a singleton gestation greater than 23 weeks were included. The primary outcome, neonatal sepsis, was compared between women stratified by diagnosis of preeclampsia using univariable and multivariable analyses. Of the 180,277 women eligible for analysis, 8331 (4.6%) were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Neonatal sepsis rates were higher among women diagnosed with preeclampsia (6.4 vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between preeclampsia and neonatal sepsis remained significant (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.60). In this large cohort, the rate of neonatal sepsis ICD diagnosis was higher among women diagnosed with preeclampsia.
Evaluating Reliability of High School Students’ Functional Assessment Interview Responses

For several decades, researchers have explored the efficacy of functional behavior assessments. Recent research has called for greater understanding of how student involvement may improve the funct...
A Study of the Gut Bacterial Community of Reticulitermes virginicus Exposed to Chitosan Treatment

A thorough understanding of microbial communities in the gut of lower termites is needed to develop target-specific and environmentally benign wood protection systems. In this study, the bacterial community from Reticulitermes virginicus was examined by Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) spanning the V3 and V4 regions. Prior to library preparation, the termites were subjected to five treatments over an 18-day period: three groups were fed on wood treated with 0.5% chitosan, 25% acetic acid, or water, the fourth group was taken directly from the original collection log, and the fifth group was starved. Metagenomic sequences were analyzed using QIIME 2 to understand the treatments’ effects on the dynamics of the gut bacteria. Four dominant phyla were detected: Bacteroidetes (34.4% of reads), Firmicutes (20.6%), Elusimicrobia (15.7%), and Proteobacteria (12.9%). A significant effect of chitosan treatment was observed in two phyla; Firmicutes abundance was significantly lower with chitosan treatment when compared to other groups, while Actinobacteria was lower in unexposed and starved termites. The results suggest that chitosan treatment not only affects the structure of the microbial community in the gut, but other treatments such as starving also cause shifts in termite gut communities.
Is Primary Cesarean Section a Cause of Increasing Cesarean Section Rates in Greece

Introduction Cesarean Section is a surgical procedure which can be life saving and necessary in some circumstances. Nonetheless, Cesarean Delivery continues to result in increased complications for subsequent deliveries as well as increased financial costs. This phenomenon raises concerns over the growing rates of Cesarean deliveries among women at low risk for a complicated birth whose first delivery was by Cesarean Section for non-medical reasons. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether PCS is a main factor in the overall percentage of CS in Greece and define the causes of elective and emergency cesarean sections in primary ones. Methods From 365 cesarean deliveries during the research period, a sample of 162 women who underwent a primary cesarean section at a Greek University hospital has consented to participate. Medical and demographic data as well as data from women's medical dossier were used in the day 3 postpartum. Results Out of 162 primiparous mothers, 38.9% underwent an emergency cesarean section and 61.1% an elective cesarean section. Furthermore, the results show that women, who had been diagnosed with stress disorders or depression, with abnormal fetal heart rate, pathological NST/Doppler and had developed complications after cesarean section, were more likely to undergo an emergency cesarean delivery. Conclusion This survey shows the lack of evidence-based guidelines in obstetrician's practice and the lack of perinatal support centers in Greece. Primary CS can be characterized as a key factor in the overall increase of CS, given the vicious cycle of recurrence of a Cesarean delivery.
Maximum Tolerance to Load Uncertainty of a Multiple-Model-Based Topology Detector

A problem to find the maximum tolerance to load uncertainty of a multiple-model-based detector designed for a set of nominal loads is formulated and solved. The detector contains one design model for each anticipated circuit topology. Each model is used to determine a topology-specific detection threshold, selected to define the smallness of measurement residuals only if they are from the matched model-circuit pair. To quantity the detector’s tolerance to load uncertainty, an iterative algorithm is developed for computing the largest ellipsoid representing the most severe load current uncertainty tolerable without detection errors. Each iteration starts from a sufficiently large ellipsoid in an uncertain parameter space centered at nominal load current vector, solves a convex optimization problem to identify the worst-case load uncertainty, verifies against the set of detection thresholds, then reduces the volume of the uncertainty ellipsoid until all violations of thresholds are resolved. The worst tolerable load uncertainty is computed for the IEEE 9-bus test system with respect to one normal circuit and 6 open-circuit thresholds defined by 2-norms of measurement residuals. The thresholds are determined through simulations. The thresholds are shown (by simulations) to be robust for load perturbations within the predicted uncertainty ellipsoid. Application to large scale networks is enabled by our recently developed concept and method of network partition.
A 5nm 5.7GHz@1.0V and 1.3GHz@0.5V 4kb Standard-Cell- Based Two-Port Register File with a 16T Bitcell with No Half-Selection Issue

Continued scaling of the transistor increases random V t variation, which limits the minimum operating voltage $(V_{\mathrm{MIN}})$. Furthermore, fin formation differences between the SRAM bitcells, the peripheral circuits and the standard logic degrade area efficiency due to the empty spaces at fin-to-fin boundary and the required dummy [1]. Memories with small capacities that use the classical SRAM design suffer from this issue the most. In this paper, we will propose a 5nm digital-based SRAM macro with a 16T cell supporting a bit-write-mask operation. We adopted the standard cell rules for the proposed SRAM layout design. The area of the 16T cell is larger than the foundry’s 6T SRAM cell; however, the total macro area of a small capacity SRAM is smaller since there is no empty space in the macro and due to its simple peripheral circuit. In addition, the proposed SRAM can be directly abutted with the standard cell region. The proposed SRAM can support ultra-wide range voltage operation due to the advantages of a digital-based bitcell design.
A scalable unified framework of total and allele-specific counts for cis-QTL, fine-mapping, and prediction

Genetic studies of the transcriptome help bridge the gap between genetic variation and phenotypes. To maximize the potential of such studies, efficient methods to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and perform fine-mapping and genetic prediction of gene expression traits are needed. Current methods that leverage both total read counts and allele-specific expression to identify eQTLs are generally computationally intractable for large transcriptomic studies. Here, we describe a unified framework that addresses these needs and is scalable to thousands of samples. Using simulations and data from GTEx, we demonstrate its calibration and performance. For example, mixQTL shows a power gain equivalent to a 29% increase in sample size for genes with sufficient allele-specific read coverage. To showcase the potential of mixQTL, we apply it to 49 GTEx tissues and find 20% additional eQTLs (FDR < 0.05, per tissue) that are significantly more enriched among trait associated variants and candidate cis-regulatory elements comparing to the standard approach. Methods for eQTL mapping from total and allele-specific gene expression typically are too computationally heavy to apply to large scale studies. Here, the authors describe a computationally efficient method to identify eQTLs, fine-map and predict expression from total and allele-specific gene expression
Collective Neutrino Oscillations on a Quantum Computer

We calculate the energy levels of a system of neutrinos undergoing collective oscillations as functions of an effective coupling strength and radial distance from the neutrino source using the quantum Lanczos (QLanczos) algorithm implemented on IBM Q quantum computer hardware. Our calculations are based on the many-body neutrino interaction Hamiltonian introduced in Ref.\ \cite{Patwardhan2019}. We show that the system Hamiltonian can be separated into smaller blocks, which can be represented using fewer qubits than those needed to represent the entire system as one unit, thus reducing the noise in the implementation on quantum hardware. We also calculate transition probabilities of collective neutrino oscillations using a Trotterization method which is simplified before subsequent implementation on hardware. These calculations demonstrate that energy eigenvalues of a collective neutrino system and collective neutrino oscillations can both be computed on quantum hardware with certain simplification to within good agreement with exact results.
HCI History and Today's Opportunities – What We Anticipated, What We Did Not

Human-computer interaction has entered a third, globally-connected era. Visions that drove research and development in the first era were realized in the second, with CHI a key player. The third presents opportunities and a need for creativity to address challenges. HCI has drawn on computer science, human factors, information systems, and information science. It relies on design and interacts with AI. Students, practitioners, and academics can gain an understanding of forces that have guided the interaction of related disciplines, constraints imposed by human nature, trajectories we are following, and opportunities and issues that will engage us in the years ahead.
Investigating Prospective Teachers’ TPACK and their Use of Mathematical Action Technologies as they Create Screencast Video Lessons on iPads

The increasing number of technological devices available in schools, aligned with curriculum guidance, set an expectation for mathematics teachers to incorporate these devices into their teaching. This qualitative study investigated prospective teachers’ use of TPACK and mathematical action technologies as they created screencast video lessons using iPads. Results showed prospective teachers’ effective use of pedagogical techniques and the screencast app as an amplifier tool, according to the amplifier-reorganizer metaphor. Half of the participants used mathematics technology to confirm and expand the results they had found without technology. The other half had mathematics technology integrated into their solution exercising the balance among TPACK components. For some, their use of the mathematical tool had the potential of expanding the mathematical repertoire of virtual students. We conclude by making recommendations for teacher educators to implement cycles of learning for pre-service teachers to design, enact, and reflect upon the creation of screencast video lessons.
Product and Service Development with Customers

This paper points out that our traditional product and service development has been too much producer-based and product-focused. If we note that our customers are very active and creative, we can establish another new product and service development approach, where not only products but also processes will yield value.
Patterning of the head in hydra as visualized by a monoclonal antibody. II: The initiation and localization of head structures in regenerating pieces of tissue

The body column of hydra is polarized such that a new head will regenerate from the apical end when both extremities are removed. This is due to a graded property of the tissue termed the head activation gradient. The aim of the experiments presented here was to determine what events connect a two-dimensional segment of the activation gradient in an isolated piece of tissue with the formation of a head structure at a particular location. To this end, tissue pieces with three different shapes were excised and analyzed during and after regeneration. The most apical tissue of each piece was labeled with the DNA-intercalating dye, DAPI, and the area where developmental changes were occurring was monitored using the monoclonal antibody CP8 (Javois et al., 1986). First, it was shown that polarity of regeneration was maintained regardless of the fraction of body length included in the excised pieces. Second, while head structures usually formed from the original apical tissue, they could be located anywhere in the regenerate. This was an effect of the healing process which shaped the apical edge differently in different pieces. Third, early CP8 binding occurred in similarly shaped areas suggesting that patterning events were initiated in a contiguous manner wherever apical tissue was located. And finally, not all of the CP8-marked tissue successfully formed structures. Apparently some regions were favored to continue the patterning process, and these in turn extinguished the process in neighboring regions.
CCD Development at the University of Hawaii

The Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii has an active program in detector development, both in optical CCDs and Infrared Arrays. Below, I briefly describe the optical detector program and the existing scientific CCD cameras in place on UH facilities on Mauna Kea. I also list present and future development efforts.
Weighted pseudo-distances for categorization in semantic hierarchies

Ontologies, taxonomies, and other semantic hierarchies are increasingly necessary for organizing large quantities of data. We continue our development of knowledge discovery techniques based on combinatorial algorithms rooted in order theory by aiming to supplement the pseudo-distances previously developed as structural measures of vertical height in poset-based ontologies with quantitative measures of vertical distance based on additional statistical information. In this way, we seek to accommodate weighting of different portions of the underlying ontology according to this external information source. We also wish to improve on the deficiencies of existing such measures, in particular Resnik's measure of semantic similarity in lexical databases such as Wordnet. We begin by recalling and developing some basic concepts for ordered data objects, including our pseudo-distances and the operation of probability distributions as weights on posets. We then discuss and critique Resnik's measure before introducing our own sense of links weights and weighted normalized pseudo-distances among comparable nodes.
Characterization of photo-thermo-refractive bragg gratings in high-power ir laser beams

Bragg gratings recorded in the volume of photo-thermo-refractive glass are stable in high-power laser beams while degradation of laser parameters occurs. These glasses are promising candidates for use in high-power laser systems.
Non-ionic-microemulsion mediated growth of zeolite A

This report describes the synthesis of zeolite A (LTA) in non-ionic microemulsions. Parameters such as microemulsion composition, surfactant identity, and reaction conditions were investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm zeolite crystallinity, phase purity, and morphology. The microemulsion induces rapid growth, as LTA formation begins within 2 h for some syntheses, compared to 12 h for the samples that did not contain the microemulsion components. Clear trends are also observed relating particle size and morphology to synthesis duration and microemulsion composition. Control experiments demonstrate that all components of the microemulsion are needed to form the target materials. Syntheses performed over longer time periods show that the zeolite particles aggregate and convert to denser phases such as sodalite, indicating that the sub-micron sized particles initially formed cannot be stabilized for prolonged periods with the microemulsions employed. This work demonstrates that zeolite growth and morphology can be tuned based on various microemulsion conditions, opening the door for future applications.
The magnetic properties of the dimeric vanadium(III) complexes tetra-μ-carboxylatobis[π-cyclopentadienylvanadium(III)] for R = methyl, phenyl and furanyl groups

Abstract Magnetic susceptibilities have been measured in the temperature range 113–370 K for the dimeric compounds tetra-μ-carboxylatobis[π-cylopentadienylvanadium(III)] for R = methyl, phenyl and furanyl groups. The S = 1 vanadium(III) ions are exchange coupled with coupling constants of −227, −197, and −185 cm−1, respectively. The corresponding biquadratic coupling constants are 17, 34, and 36.5 cm−1, respectively. The EPR spectra also reflect the exchange coupling.
1641 GAS TRAPPING IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF)

Airway obstruction in CF causes significant hyperinflation. The hyperinflated lung does not communicate normally with central airways, and the poorly communicating regions contain trapped gas (TG). We measured this volume from the difference between the functional residual capacities (FRC) as determined by body plethysmography (BP) and helium dilution, and expressed it as the fraction of BP-FRC (TG%FRC). TG%FRC was then related to the severity of lung dysfunction, as assessed by a pulmonary function score (PFS). The PFS (0 = normal; 18 = extreme) was derived from the vital capacity, forced expired volume in the first second, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, residual volume and specific airway conductance. To date 9 normals, 10 mild scoliosis patients without a history of lung disease and 23 CF patients have been studied. There was a significant linear correlation (r = 0.87) between PFS (y) and TG%FRC (x): y = 3.45 × + 3.96. We conclude that as lung functions deteriorated in CF patients, the TG%FRC increased. The TG regions probably contribute importantly to ventilation/perfusion inequalities in CF and are a major cause of arterial hypoxemia in these patients.
Limits on threshold phenomena in central collisions of 12C + Pb from 1–2 GeV/n

Abstract Central collisions of 12 C and Pb nuclei have been examined at six beam energies from 1–2 GeV/n for possible threshold phenomena, using neutral and charged π meson production as a probe. The results indicate that although pion production increases by approximately a factor of two in this energy range, the increase is a smooth function of beam energy showing no such effects within statistical errors of ≈5% for the most central collisions.
Self-diffusion in polymer-solvent-solvent systems

Les donnees d'autodiffusion ternaire de Ferguson et von Meerwall sont analysees en utilisant une forme generalisee de la theorie du volume libre proposee par Vrentas et Duda
A Strategic Perspective of Innovation

Following is the text of an interview with Prof. C. K. Prahalad, Paul and Ruth McCracken Distinguished University Professor of Strategy at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, a renowned author and advisor to Fortune 50 executives, and the IJIS Editor-in-Chief Praveen Gupta in Oct 2009. Publisher is thankful to Prof. Prahalad for sharing his wisdom of innovation with readers of the International Journal of Innovation Science.
Surface force microscope observations of corrosive tribological wear on single crystal NaNO3 exposed to moist air

Simultaneous tribological loading and exposure to a chemically reactive environment can yield wear processes not produced by either stimulus alone. We report surface force microscopic (SFM) observations of cleaved, single crystal NaNO3 in air, where tribological loading was provided by the SFM tip itself and chemical exposure was due to controlled introduction of water vapor at relative humidities from 10 to 65%. Scanning in the contact mode with nN loads at 30–50% relative humidity produces readily visible surface modifications, including preferential removal of material along steps. Material transfer along the surface can yield parallel ridges and depressions tens of nanometer high. In contrast, scanning in the tapping mode under certain humidity conditions produces localized deposition, possibly reflecting the “dehydration” of solvated ions and subsequent incorporation into the solid phase. We discuss the influence of contact force, tip velocity, relative humidity, and possible mechanochemistry on the rates of wear and deposition.