cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical discriminative sparse coding via bidirectional connections

Conventional sparse coding learns optimal dictionaries of feature bases to approximate input signals; however, it is not favorable to classify the inputs. Recent research has focused on building discriminative sparse coding models to facilitate the classification tasks. In this paper, we develop a new discriminative sparse coding model via bidirectional flows. Sensory inputs (from bottom-up) and discriminative signals (supervised from top-down) are propagated through a hierarchical network to form sparse representations at each level. The l 0 -constrained sparse coding model allows highly efficient online learning and does not require iterative steps to reach a fixed point of the sparse representation. The introduction of discriminative top-down information flows helps to group reconstructive features belonging to the same class and thus to benefit the classification tasks. Experiments are conducted on multiple data sets including natural images, hand-written digits and 3-D objects with favorable results. Compared with unsupervised sparse coding via only bottom-up directions, the two-way discriminative approach improves the recognition performance significantly.
hAda3 Degradation by Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Correlates with Abrogation of the p14ARF-p53 Pathway and Efficient Immortalization of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Two activities of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 (HPV16 E6) are proposed to contribute to the efficient immortalization of human epithelial cells: the degradation of p53 protein and the induction of telomerase. However, the requirement for p53 inactivation has been debated. Another E6 target is the hAda3 protein, a p53 coactivator and a component of histone acetyltransferase complexes. We have previously described the role of hAda3 and p53 acetylation in p14ARF-induced human mammary epithelial cell (MEC) senescence (P. Sekaric, V. A. Shamanin, J. Luo, and E. J. Androphy, Oncogene 26:6261-6268, 2007). In this study, we analyzed a set of HPV16 E6 mutants for the ability to induce hAda3 degradation. E6 mutants that degrade hAda3 but not p53 could abrogate p14ARF-induced growth arrest despite the presence of normal levels of p53 and efficiently immortalized MECs. However, two E6 mutants that previously were reported to immortalize MECs with low efficiency were found to be defective for both p53 and hAda3 degradation. We found that these immortal MECs select for reduced p53 protein levels through a proteasome-dependent mechanism. The findings strongly imply that the inactivation of the p14ARF-p53 pathway, either by the E6-mediated degradation of p53 or hAda3 or by cellular adaptation, is required for MEC immortalization.
Technoscience and Environmental Culture: A Provisional Critique

(2001). Technoscience and Environmental Culture: A Provisional Critique. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 123-129.
Hyperhomocysteinemia Confers an Independent Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in End-Stage Renal Disease and Is Closely Linked to Plasma Folate and Pyridoxine Concentrations

Background A high level of total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is an important cause of death in renal failure. We evaluated the role of this as a risk factor for vascular complications of end-stage renal disease. Methods and Results Total fasting plasma homocysteine and other risk factors were documented in 176 dialysis patients (97 men, 79 women; mean age, 56.3±14.8 years). Folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were also determined. The prevalence of high total homocysteine values was determined by comparison with a normal reference population, and the risk of associated vascular complications was estimated by multiple logistic regression. Total homocysteine concentration was higher in patients than in the normal population (26.6±1.5 versus 10.1±1.7 μmol/L; P 95th percentile for control subjects, 16.3 μmol/L) were seen in 149 patients (85%) with end-stage renal disease (P<.001). Patients with a homocysteine co...
Expert consensus ratings of job categories from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Background A method of occupational physical exposure assessment is needed to improve analyses using large data sets (e.g., national surveys) that provide only job title/category information as a proxy for exposure. Methods Five ergonomic experts rated and arrived at consensus ratings for job categories used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Interrater agreement was examined for initial (pre-consensus) ratings. Correlation between consensus ratings and an independent source of ratings (US Department of Labor (DOL)) was used as a basis of comparison. Results Interrater agreements for the initial ratings were weak. Highest interrater agreement was for sitting (weighted kappa (κw) = 0.56). Lowest agreement was for standing (κw = 0.07). Consensus ratings were well correlated with DOL ratings (correlation coefficients ≥0.6). Conclusions The correlation between consensus ratings and DOL ratings support the use of expert consensus to assess physical exposures in national data sets. However, validation of expert consensus ratings is required. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:608–616, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Text classification with enhanced semi-supervised fuzzy clustering

Given the increasing volume of information available on the Web, it is important to meaningfully organize online documents. Hence, the design of efficient and accurate text classification systems is of interest. In this paper, we explore a framework, in which we improve the performance of a base classifier, by clustering unlabeled data with labeled data using probabilistic and fuzzy approaches. We have used expectation maximization and semi-supervised fuzzy c-means for clustering the unlabeled data with labeled data. The naive Bayes classifier was the base classifier utilizing both the original labeled data and then additional data labeled through clustering. Utilizing unlabeled data from semi-supervised fuzzy clustering results in an improved classifier.
Moore's Law and Numerical Modeling

An estimate of the rate of increase in numerical simulation grid sizes with time is obtained by counting the grids (measured in terms of number of node points) reported in the nine volumes of an established proceedings on the numerical modeling of solidification phenomena dating back to 1980. It is shown that the largest grids used in a given year increase at a rate consistent with the well-known Moore's law on computing power, i.e., the number of nodes in the grids double every 18 months. From this observation, approximate bounds on the available grid size in a current year are established. This approximation is used to provide projections as to when, assuming Moore's law continues to hold, direct simulations of physical phenomena, which resolve to the smallest scale present, will be achievable.
Skeletal cryptococcosis (torulosis); report of a case and review of the literature.

The prognosis for patients in whom skeletal cryptococcosis is associated with "generalized" or meningeal involvement is poor, and there have been no recorded survivals of such patients in spite of therapy. In contrast to the fatal results in this group, however, the results in patients with localized bone disease have been good; these patients have all been well at the time their cases were reported. Table II lists these cases, describing the bones involved and the therapy employed. It is interesting to note that in all but two of these cases surgical extirpation of the disease locally was performed with apparently good results. In the case presented by Leopold cryptococcal infection of the talus and carpus was further complicated by the presence of pulmonary moniliasis. The patient in this case received vaccine therapy, but local excision of the diseased bone was not performed. The bone lesions apparently healed, but no change occurred in the pulmonary lesions. In the authors' case the clavicular lesion was treated by local curettement while the radial lesion was left untouched. Both lesions healed satisfactorily, but an analysis of the cause of this satisfactory outcome was clouded by the fact that several antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents had been used. After reviewing this small series of cases, the authors feel that the prognosis for patients with localized bone lesions is good regardless of the therapy employed. They also feel, however, that surgical removal of the diseased bone will enhanced healing and will lessen the possibility of dissemination of the disease.
Visual acuity measured with a smartphone app is more accurate than Snellen testing by emergency department providers.

To assess the accuracy of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured by non-ophthalmic emergency department (ED) staff with a standard Snellen chart versus an automated application (app) on a handheld smartphone (Paxos Checkup, San Francisco, CA, USA). The study included 128 subjects who presented to the Stanford Hospital ED for whom the ED requested an ophthalmology consultation. We conducted the study in two phases. During phase 1 of the study, ED staff tested patient BCVA using a standard Snellen test at 20 feet. During phase 2 of the study, ED staff tested patient near BCVA using the app. During both phases, ophthalmologists measured BCVA with a Rosenbaum near chart, which was treated as the gold standard. ED BCVA measurements were benchmarked prospectively against ophthalmologists’ measurements and converted to logMAR. ED logMAR BCVA was 0.21 ± 0.35 (approximately 2 Snellen lines difference ± 3 Snellen lines) higher than that of ophthalmologists when ED staff used a Snellen chart (p = .0.00003). ED BCVA was 0.06 ± 0.40 (less than 1 Snellen line ± 4 Snellen lines) higher when ED staff used the app (p = 0.246). Inter-observer difference was therefore smaller by more than 1 line (0.15 logMAR) with the app (p = 0.046). BCVA measured by non-ophthalmic ED staff with an app was more accurate than with a Snellen chart. Automated apps may provide a means to standardize and improve the efficiency of ED ophthalmologic care.
Indoctrination and Social Context: A System‐based Approach to Identifying the Threat of Indoctrination and the Responsibilities of Educators

Debates about indoctrination raise fundamental questions about the ethics of teaching. This paper presents a philosophical analysis of indoctrination, including 1) an account of what indoctrination is and why it is harmful, and 2) a framework for understanding the responsibilities of teachers and other educational actors to avoid its negative outcomes. I respond to prominent outcomes-based accounts of indoctrination, which I argue share two limiting features—a narrow focus on the threat indoctrination poses to knowledge and on the dyadic relationship between indoctrinator and indoctrinated person. I propose a system-based account of indoctrination in which actors with authority contribute to the production or reinforcement of closed-mindedness, which threatens both knowledge and understanding. By taking a system-based approach, my account is better equipped to identify the implications of indoctrination for educational policy and practice.
Summary of Experimental Study on Switching Impulse Flashover Characteristics of Typical Air Gaps in EHV/UHV Transmission Systems

In the design of EHV/UHV power transmission projects,the selection of air gaps is very important for it impacts on the sizes of transmission towers and distances among various electrified constructional elements within substations or converter stations.Rational design of air gap not only concerns secure and stable operation of power system,but also direcly bears up on construction cost of the project.Generally speaking,the air gap to withstand switching overvotlage needs maximum air gap length than those withstanding power frequency overvoltage,DC overvoltage or lightning surge,thus the switching impulse flashover characterisitics of typical air gaps of transmission tower,and those in substations and converter stations is one of the important factors impacting on security and economy of transmission projects,and is also the main foundation in the design of EHV/UHV AC/DC transmission projects.The discharging characteristic of air gap under switching overvoltage is related to such factors as the form of electrode,distance between electrodes,the waveform of the applied votlage and so on.To provide reference for more in-depth researches in future in this field,the experimental studies on switching impulse flashover characteristics of air gaps home and abroad are summarized,including various switching impulse flashover characteristics and factors impacting the characteristics.
Theoretical Intelligence as Cognition

Theorizing cannot be engaged in by mind if it is restricted to either a psyche or consciousness. To theorize requires that mind be aware of its mental content as both a product of the mind’s activity and about something objective. Only then can that content comprise a theory, a mental construct that mind comprehends to be of its own making as well as laying hold of objectivity. The self-feeling activity of the psyche may allow mind to commune with its own sentiments, but it provides no way of treating them as true representations; that is, as subjective modifications corresponding to an opposing objectivity. Although consciousness treats its mental contents as determinations of an objectivity it confronts, it cannot at the same time apprehend these mental contents to be products of mind that conform to that objectivity. Only a further reflection can make these mental contents a psychological object of conscious awareness, but this consciousness does not therein confront the mental content it employs to perceive that object. Once more, a further reflection, whose own act remains unnoticed by itself, is needed. Hence consciousness never theorizes but only has awareness of objects, which may be natural things, psychological phenomena, artifacts, living organisms, other conscious selves, or the reflection of itself in its interaction with others.
A comparative study of recurrent neural network models for lexical domain classification

Domain classification is a critical pre-processing step for many speech understanding and dialog systems, as it allows for certain types of utterances to be routed to specialized subsystems. In previous work, we explored various neural network (NN) architectures for binary utterance classification based on lexical features, and found that they improved upon more traditional statistical baselines. In this paper we generalize to an n-way classification task, and test the best-performing NN architectures on a large, real-world dataset from the Cortana personal assistant application. As in the earlier work, we find that recurrent NNs with gated memory units (LSTM and GRU) perform best, beating out state-of-the-art baseline systems based on language models or boosting classifiers. NN classifiers can still benefit from combining their posterior class estimates with traditional language model likelihood ratios, via a logistic regression combiner. We also investigate whether it is better to use an ensemble of binary classifiers or a NN trained for n-way classification, and how each approach performs in combination with the baseline classifiers. The best overall results are obtained by first combining an ensemble of binary GRU-NN classifiers with LM likelihood ratios, followed by picking the highest class posterior estimate.
Operative Management of Burns

Any burn that will require longer than 2–3 weeks for re-epithelialization should be considered for skin grafting. This chapter will discuss the decision whether to graft the burn wound or allow it to heal on its own. Strategies are presented to optimize the functional and cosmetic outcomes of skin grafts. The management of the patient with massive burns is also discussed. Finally, there are many options for the use of skin substitutes, but there still is a long way to go to develop the optimal substitute for a well-performed autograft.
Decentralized wastewater treatment using a bioelectrochemical system to produce methane and electricity

Biological electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential for decentralized treatment in developing countries. A 46 L, two-chamber, hydraulically partitioned microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to replicate low-flow scenarios leaving a composting toilet. The co-evolution of electricity and methane in this MFC was evaluated by testing two distinct waste streams: synthetic feces (Case F) and municipal primary effluent (Case W). Oxidation of organic matter was 76 ± 24% during Case F and 67 ± 21% during Case W. Methanogenesis was dominant in the anode, yielding potential power of 3.3 ± 0.64 W/m 3 during Case F and 0.40 ± 0.07 W/m 3 during Case W. Electrical power production was marginal, Case F = 4.7 ± 0.46 and Case W = 10.6 ± 0.39 μW/m 3 , although potentially useful in energy-limited areas. Complimentary batch cultivations with anode inocula yielded greater methane production in the presence of graphite. 74 ± 11% more methane was produced with graphite than suspended growth enrichments and 58 ± 10% more than enrichments with non-conductive plastic beads. The co-production of methane and electricity in a MFC may have utility in decentralized treatment. Further work is needed to optimize power from both electricity and methane.
Synthetic biology and occupational risk

ABSTRACTSynthetic biology is an emerging interdisciplinary field of biotechnology that involves applying the principles of engineering and chemical design to biological systems. Biosafety professionals have done an excellent job in addressing research laboratory safety as synthetic biology and gene editing have emerged from the larger field of biotechnology. Despite these efforts, risks posed by synthetic biology are of increasing concern as research procedures scale up to industrial processes in the larger bioeconomy. A greater number and variety of workers will be exposed to commercial synthetic biology risks in the future, including risks to a variety of workers from the use of lentiviral vectors as gene transfer devices. There is a need to review and enhance current protection measures in the field of synthetic biology, whether in experimental laboratories where new advances are being researched, in health care settings where treatments using viral vectors as gene delivery systems are increasingly bei...
Bilateral Triple-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer with a BRCA2 Mutation, and Glioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in North America. Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant central nervous system tumor in adults. The majority of hereditary breast cancers are associated with deleterious mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Although few case reports have described the incidence of glioblastoma in patients previously diagnosed with breast cancer, any association between BRCA2 mutations and glioblastoma has not been demonstrated to date. Herein, we report a woman who is a carrier of a familial BRCA2 mutation, and was previously diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and subsequently with a second primary TNBC and glioblastoma. Further investigation is required to define the possible relationship between these two aggressive malignances and the BRCA2 mutation, which might be critical for the proper management and treatment of this disease.
Exercise in an animal model of Parkinson's disease: Motor recovery but not restoration of the nigrostriatal pathway.

Abstract Many clinical studies have reported on the benefits of exercise therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Exercise cannot stop the progression of PD or facilitate the recovery of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (Bega et al., 2014). To tease apart this paradox, we utilized a progressive MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine) mouse model in which we initiated 4 weeks of treadmill exercise after the completion of toxin administration (i.e., restoration). We found in our MPTP/exercise (MPTP + EX) group several measures of gait function that recovered compared to the MPTP only group. Although there was a small recovery of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive DA neurons in the SNpc and terminals in the striatum, this increase was not statistically significant. These small changes in TH could not explain the improvement of motor function. The MPTP group had a significant 170% increase in the glycosylated/non-glycosylated dopamine transporter (DAT) and a 200% increase in microglial marker, IBA-1, in the striatum. The MPTP + EX group showed a nearly full recovery of these markers back to the vehicle levels. There was an increase in GLT-1 levels in the striatum due to exercise, with no change in striatal BDNF protein expression. Our data suggest that motor recovery was not prompted by any significant restoration of DA neurons or terminals, but rather the recovery of DAT and dampening the inflammatory response. Although exercise does not promote recovery of nigrostriatal DA, it should be used in conjunction with pharmaceutical methods for controlling PD symptoms.
Maraging steels: Making steel strong and cheap.

Introducing high-density ordered nanoprecipitates into martensitic steel increases strength at modest cost.
Channeling Hearts and Minds: Advocacy Organizations, Cognitive-Emotional Currents, and Public Conversation:

Do advocacy organizations stimulate public conversation about social problems by engaging in rational debate, or by appealing to emotions? We argue that rational and emotional styles of communicati...
Deceptively dodging questions: A theoretical note on issues of perception and detection:

Dodging questions pervades human interaction, including interpersonal interactions, relational conversations, media interviews and political debates. Variously referred to as equivocation, evasion,...
TUBERCULOSIS | Nutritional Management

Nutritional support was the mainstay of tuberculosis (TB) treatment before the advent of anti-TB drugs. Owing to the difficulty of curing patients with antimicrobial drug resistance, there is renewed interest in nutritional support in the management of TB. TB causes anorexia, weight loss, and cachexia. The goal of nutritional interventions is to compensate for the effects of TB on metabolism and to support the increased activity of the immune system. A careful assessment of nutritional status should be performed before assigning a supplementation regimen. Supplementation of multiple micronutrients during treatment has been associated with reduced mortality regardless of HIV status. Owing to its interference with vitamin B 6 metabolism, isoniazid should be administered with vitamin B 6 supplements.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong female predilection. Pregnancy remains a commonly encountered but high-risk situation in this setting. Both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity are still significantly increased despite improvements in outcomes. Maternal morbidity includes higher risk of disease flares, preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related complications. Fetal issues include higher rates of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal lupus syndromes. Treatment options during pregnancy are also limited and maternal benefit has to be weighed against fetal risk. A coordinated approach, with close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team, is essential for optimal outcomes.
Calculation of Microwave Doppler Spectra from the Ocean Surface with a Time-Dependent Composite Model

Doppler spectra are computed using a time-dependent composite model. This model reduces to the proper specular and small-perturbation limits for V-V and H-H polarization, and its time dependence is based on the assumption of linear surface evolution. The width of the computed spectra increases with increasing radar frequency and decreasing incidence angle due primarily to the motion of the long-wave surface. This motion also produces a shift in the spectral peak away from the Bragg frequency. This shift, which is largest at lower incidence angles and higher radar frequencies, is also due to the effect of long-wave motion on the backscattered field. At incidence angles ≥ 45 deg, where most of the Doppler measurements exist, the calculations are in good general agreement with the data.
Therapist: Heal Thyself with Poetry

The author shares a personal experience of writing a poem to her dying mother as a way of saying good-bye, expressing what her mother has meant to her, and sharing the grieving experience with family members and friends. The article goes on to address the impact this experience of using poetry in the healing process has had both on the author's personal and professional growth.
Three-Dimensional Mode Resonances in Boundary Layers, Jets and Wakes

An important direction for experiments on instability and transition to turbulence should be towards understanding and promoting mechanisms which govern the first growth of three dimensionality. In this direction, the focus should be on resonance mechanisms, since these will require lower initial amplitudes, a factor which is consistent with “natural” conditions with weak stochastic disturbance input, which we are ultimately trying to predict, In the flow fields cited in the title, resonance interactions can occur between the most amplified two-dimensional modes (waves), predicted from linear theory, and three-dimensional modes. The latter results from three-dimensional background disturbances. In the boundary layer and wake the three-dimensional modes are initially damped and, from a linear stability point of view, are unimportant. In the thin shear layer of an axisymmetric jet, the three-dimensional (helical) modes have the same spatial amplification rate as the 2-D (axisymmetric) mode, and are thereby equally dominant. In all three cases, their combined presence leads to the nonlinear growth of the 3-D mode and transition to turbulence.
The Development of Labor under Contemporary Capitalism

This paper offers a revised theoretical model to understand the historical development of labor under capitalism. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci, Karl Polanyi, and Nancy Fraser, the revised model highlights how state politics and ideologies have reshaped formal and informal labor to fuel evolving accumulation models since the 1950s. It also deepens our analysis of the potential and limits of labor9s contemporary countermovements. Potential advances must be read in terms of increased protection and increased recognition relative to earlier eras. Limits must be read relative to the hegemonic forces splintering workers’ countermovements. Applying the revised model to the empirical case of Indian informal workers in various sectors, I illustrate how the Indian state used informal workers as a political actor (not just an economic actor) to organize consent for a powerful new hegemonic project of market reforms (of the Gramscian variety) that undid labor9s twentieth-century gains and empowered large businesses, but retained democratic legitimacy with the mass labor force. I also expose and evaluate two kinds of countermovements emerging from below by Indian workers: self-protection movements (of the Polanyian variety) and emancipatory/recognition movements (of the Fraserian variety). India9s recent hegemonic project enabled informal workers to counteract the dehumanizing effects of labor commodification by offering an alternative labor protection model. This model has the potential to redefine the working class (and its protection) to include multiple employment relationships for the first time. It also promises to recognize the social relations between multiple categories of vulnerable populations, reminding us that caste, gender, and class are mutually constitutive (rather than mutually exclusive). But this model is highly constrained by contemporary hegemonic forces, highlighting the complex relationship of society to state—one of contestation and, for the sake of survival, collaboration.
Amino acid-supplemented raw soybean diets for finishing swine.

Growth and carcass traits of finishing swine fed amino acid-supplemented raw soybean (RSB) diets were examined. Experiments 1 and 2 were identical and included the following treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal (SBM), 2) corn-RSB (lysine equal to Diet 1), 3) Diet 2 + .15% L-lysine (LYS), 4) Diet 3 + .1% L-threonine (THR), 5) Diet 3 + .05% L-tryptophan (TRP), 6) Diet 3 + .15% DL-methionine (MET) and 7) Diet 3 + THR + TRP + MET equivalent to Diets 4 to 6. The unsupplemented corn-RSB diet reduced (P less than .05) gain, gain:feed, plasma urea N, loin eye area, and percentage of muscling compared with the corn-SBM diet. The addition of LYS or LYS + TRP generally improved these response variables, whereas the addition of LYS + THR or LYS + MET tended to reduce gain and gain:feed compared with the LYS addition alone. The LYS + THR + TRP + MET addition resulted in growth and carcass traits that were intermediate between those of pigs fed the corn-RSB and the corn-SBM diets but not different (P greater than .05) from either. Experiment 3 included Diets 1, 2 and 7 from Exp. 1 and 2, in addition to the following treatment: corn-RSB + LYS + THR + TRP. The LYS + THR + TRP addition improved (P less than .05) growth and carcass traits compared with the LYS + THR + TRP + MET addition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Self-Seeding Growth for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability

Summary Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have shown a remarkable rise in power conversion efficiency over a short period of time; however, long-term stability remains a key challenge hindering the practical application of these cells. Here, we report an approach to sequentially apply a typical one-step solution formulation—self-seeding growth (SSG)—to realize high-quality perovskite thin films with reduced defect density, fewer apparent grain boundaries, improved charge-carrier transport and lifetime, and enhanced hydrophobicity for enhanced stability. Using FA-MA-Cs-based perovskite, SSG devices showed improved efficiency from 17.76% (control) to 20.30% (SSG), with an unencapsulated device retaining >80% of its initial efficiency over 4,680-h storage in an ambient environment with high relative humidities. The SSG devices also exhibited much improved thermal and operational stabilities. In addition, SSG can be applied to different substrates and perovskite compositions, which makes it a viable method for preparing high-quality perovskite thin films for device applications.
Prospective Comparison of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device and Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Following Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) portends a poor prognosis. Both venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) and a percutaneous ventricul...
Survive or Thrive? Longitudinal Relation Between Chronic Pain and Well-Being

The minimal literature on the relation between chronic pain and both eudaimonic (EWB) and hedonic well-being (HWB) examines the relation cross-sectionally, and most studies have examined chronic pain’s effect only on psychopathology. Using a sample of 473 midlife and older adults with chronic pain, this study examined both the cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between chronic pain and EWB and HWB in addition to psychological distress. Multiple-group longitudinal structural equation modeling revealed that chronic pain was related significantly and negatively to EWB and HWB, and significantly and positively to distress among both men and women. When examined longitudinally, chronic pain at time 1 was associated significantly only with decreased EWB at time 2, suggesting chronic pain’s risk to psychological functioning, especially because of its long-term effects on future EWB. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the way chronic pain is associated both with EWB and HWB, in addition to psychological distress. Further, chronic pain may have a lasting influence on EWB, while it may have little predictive value for future HWB and psychological distress. Our study supports well-being’s relevance to chronic pain research and has the potential to guide prevention strategies and treatment for chronic pain using a positive psychological framework.
The evolution of a new cell type was associated with competition for a signaling ligand

There is presently a very limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of new cell types. The skeleton-forming primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) of euechinoid sea urchins, derived from the micromeres of the 16-cell embryo, are an example of a recently evolved cell type. All adult echinoderms have a calcite-based endoskeleton, a synapomorphy of the Ambulacraria. Only euechinoids have a micromere-PMC lineage, however, which evolved through the co-option of the adult skeletogenic program into the embryo. During normal development, PMCs alone secrete the embryonic skeleton. Other mesoderm cells, known as blastocoelar cells (BCs), have the potential to produce a skeleton, but a PMC-derived signal ordinarily prevents these cells from expressing a skeletogenic fate and directs them into an alternative developmental pathway. Recently, it was shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling plays an important role in PMC differentiation and is part of a conserved program of skeletogenesis among echinoderms. Here, we report that VEGF signaling, acting through ectoderm-derived VEGF3 and its cognate receptor, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-10-Ig, is also essential for the deployment of the skeletogenic program in BCs. This VEGF-dependent program includes the activation of aristaless-like homeobox 1 (alx1), a conserved transcriptional regulator of skeletogenic specification across echinoderms and an example of a "terminal selector" gene that controls cell identity. We show that PMCs control BC fate by sequestering VEGF3, thereby preventing activation of alx1 and the downstream skeletogenic network in BCs. Our findings provide an example of the regulation of early embryonic cell fates by direct competition for a secreted signaling ligand, a developmental mechanism that has not been widely recognized. Moreover, they reveal that a novel cell type evolved by outcompeting other embryonic cell lineages for an essential signaling ligand that regulates the expression of a gene controlling cell identity.
Low-T3 Syndrome in Peritoneal Dialysis: Metabolic Adaptation, Marker of Illness, or Mortality Mediator?

Thyroid hormone deficiency is a highly prevalent but under-recognized endocrine disorder in patients with CKD, including those on dialysis ([1][1]). Among various thyroid hormone deficiency patterns observed in CKD ( e.g. , subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and low thyroxine [T4]) ([1][1],[2][2
Common nouns as modally non-rigid restricted variables

I argue that common nouns should be analyzed as variables, rather than as predicates which take variables as arguments. This necessitates several unusual features to the analysis, such as allowing variables to be modally non-rigid, and assigning their values compositionally. However, treating common nouns as variables offers a variety of theoretical and empirical advantages over a more traditional analysis: It predicts the conservativity of nominal quantification, simplifies the analysis of articleless languages, derives the weak reading of sentences with donkey anaphora, solves the proportion problem presented by quantifiers like ‘most’, improves the analysis of the temperature paradox, allows a more unified analysis of bare plurals, and regularizes the correspondence between syntactic categories and semantic types.
Aripiprazole: A Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Drug With a Uniquely Robust Pharmacology

Aripiprazole (Abilify) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been recently introduced for clinical use in the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole has a unique pharmacologic profile that includes partial agonism at several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) [especially dopamine (D2) and 5-HT1A] and antagonistic action at others (especially 5-HT2A). Clinical trials indicate that aripiprazole is effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In short-term studies rapid onset of action (within one week) has been demonstrated. Preliminary data indicate that aripiprazole may also be effective in the treatment of manic symptoms of bipolar disorder. At recommended doses, aripiprazole appears to be safe and well tolerated in most adult patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. There is only limited information available on the use of aripiprazole in children and adolescents, and pilot data suggest that a revised dosing strategy, based on weight, is indicated in this population. In the long-term studies, the use of aripiprazole was associated with continued efficacy, good compliance and increased time-to-relapse. Aripiprazole represents the first functionally selective atypical antipsychotic drug.
A model of antigen processing improves prediction of MHC I-presented peptides

Summary Computational prediction of the peptides presented on MHC class I proteins is an important tool for studying T cell immunity. The data available to develop such predictors has expanded with the use of mass spec to identify naturally-presented MHC ligands. In addition to elucidating binding motifs, the identified ligands also reflect the antigen processing steps that occur prior to MHC binding. Here, we developed an integrated predictor of MHC I presentation that combines new models for MHC I binding and antigen processing. Considering only peptides first predicted by the binding model to bind strongly to MHC, the antigen processing model is trained to discriminate published mass spec-identified MHC I ligands from unobserved peptides. The integrated model outperformed the two individual components as well as NetMHCpan 4.0 and MixMHCpred 2.0.2 on held-out mass spec experiments. Our predictors are implemented in the MHCflurry package, version 1.6.0 (github.com/openvax/mhcflurry).
A tariff policy for Jamaica: a computable general equilibrium analysis

The role of tariffs in Jamaica has undergone significant changes over time. From the dawn of emancipation to the dusk of the Great Depression, tariffs were the single most important source of central government revenues. In the post-War era, it was not until 1961 before income taxes eclipsed customs duties in their contribution to the public purse. This trend has continued unabated, and by the mid-1970s customs duties contributed a mere 5.06 per cent to government revenues, while income taxes accounted for 28.20 per cent of the total;Perhaps the most central element determining the competitiveness of Jamaican exports is the trade regime under which the economy operates. Jamaica, as a founding member of the Commonwealth Caribbean (CARICOM), subscribes to CARICOM's common external tariff (CET). The CET is a highly differentiated tariff schedule with a wide dispersion of tariff rates that are relatively high in comparison with most of the countries of Central and South America;It is important, however, to recognize that de defacto and de jura tariff rates often do not coincide. This issue is particularly relevant to Jamaica where the official tariff rates are very misleading. There are a complex set of exemption procedures, which ensure that the actual rates paid for broad categories of imports are substantially below published nominal rates;This paper is concerned with second-best policies in the presence of existing distortions. In particular, it determines optimal tariff rates in the presence of pre-existing distortions (indirect taxes and rigid nominal wages) using a model with: (1) imperfect substitutability between domestically produced outputs and their imported counterparts; (2) imperfect substitutability between domestic output and exports; (3) unemployment in the non-agricultural sectors; and (4) a fixed balance of trade. The analytical framework is of relevance to the debate on partial trade policy reform in developing countries, where existing tariffs are constrained to satisfy the non-efficiency objective of revenue generation;The current research finds that during 1986, the year immediately prior to the imposition of tariff reforms, Jamaican trade taxes exhibited substantial elements of an optimal structure with optimal rates.
Compositional Generalization in Semantic Parsing: Pre-training vs. Specialized Architectures.

While mainstream machine learning methods are known to have limited ability to compositionally generalize, new architectures and techniques continue to be proposed to address this limitation. We investigate state-of-the-art techniques and architectures in order to assess their effectiveness in improving compositional generalization in semantic parsing tasks based on the SCAN and CFQ datasets. We show that masked language model (MLM) pre-training rivals SCAN-inspired architectures on primitive holdout splits. On a more complex compositional task, we show that pre-training leads to significant improvements in performance vs. comparable non-pre-trained models, whereas architectures proposed to encourage compositional generalization on SCAN or in the area of algorithm learning fail to lead to significant improvements. We establish a new state of the art on the CFQ compositional generalization benchmark using MLM pre-training together with an intermediate representation.
The cumulative impact of health insurance on health status

Objective To add to the evidence base on causal linkages between health insurance coverage and health status, controlling for sociodemographic factors, by analyzing longitudinal data. Data source Secondary data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 2009-17, which is a longitudinal, multigenerational study covering a wide array of socioeconomic topics that began in 1968 but has only recently begun collecting useful information on individual health insurance. Study design 2017 data on self-reported health status, work limitations, and death were analyzed as outcomes based upon the degree of exposure to health insurance in 2011-17. All variables were collected biannually for four years beginning in 2011. Having health insurance at each point in time was, in turn, modeled as a function of several sociodemographic factors. Data extraction methods Data were downloaded using the crosswalk tool available at the PSID website. Because individual health insurance questions were only asked of heads and spouses in households beginning in 2011, we analyzed only these records. Principal findings Among respondents who were not in fair or poor health in 2009, each additional 2 years of subsequent reported insurance coverage reduced the chance of reporting fair or poor health in 2017 by 10 percent; however, this effect was not present for black respondents. Conclusions Our results suggest that the effect of health insurance on health status may compound over time, although unevenly by race. Since people who report fair or poor health status represent the bulk of utilization and spending, our findings provide evidence in support of viewing coverage expansions as investments that will pay dividends in the form of lower utilization over time. More work is needed to produce detailed estimates of cost savings, which may in turn influence policy, as well as to understand and address the source of racial disparity.
The mitochondrion as a hammer

This is a review of Mitonuclear Ecology by Geoffrey E. Hill, which discusses the potential role of mitochondrial-nuclear (mitonuclear) interactions in key evolutionary processes.
An OOV-Aware Curation Process for Psycholinguistic Analysis of Social Media Text - A Hybrid Approach

Massive user generated social media text posits new opportunities as well as challenges for psycholinguistic analysis to understand individual differences such as personality. Traditional off-the-shelf NLP (Natural Language Processing) tools perform poorly when analyzing text from social media because of the frequent out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words usage. Existing dictionary-based, closed-vocabulary approach and data-driven, open-vocabulary approach are both limited in handling OOV words. This research designs an OOV-aware curation process with a specific focus on OOV words. Following a design science research process model, the curation process is designed through four design cycles. The curation process includes a hybrid approach that integrates closed-vocabulary dictionary with expanded OOV categories and open-vocabulary approach with normalized OOV words. The curation process would enable psycholinguistic researchers and practitioners to exploit more psycholinguistic cues for tasks similar to personality predictions using social media text.
Students' perceptions of computer-based testing using ExamSoft.

Abstract Introduction In fall 2017, West Coast University School of Pharmacy implemented ExamSoft for testing. Three courses in each didactic year employed ExamSoft. Prior to this, courses had Scantron-based exams. We surveyed the students to assess their perception of ExamSoft. We hypothesized that students' inherent bias towards technology affected their perception of ExamSoft. Methods To assess this hypothesis, we conducted a survey of all students. The survey contained questions about comfort with technology and nine questions on students' perceptions of ExamSoft and its usefulness. Results The survey responses were stratified according to the preference of respondents towards technology and its use in exams. Respondents were stratified into three groups: tech-embracers, tech-skeptics, and neutral. Our results showed that respondents classified as tech-skeptics tended to have a more negative view of ExamSoft and its perceived impact on their grades than students stratified as tech-embracers or neutral. Conclusions Our study suggests that students' inherent bias towards technology plays an important role in their perception of computer-based testing. Assessing incoming students' comfort with technology and student orientation activities to help acquaint students with new technology could help improve their acceptance of educational technology used for testing.
Self-reported and actigraphic short sleep duration in older adults.

Study Objectives:Persons > 65 years with short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours) are at risk for adverse outcomes, but the accuracy of self-reported sleep duration may be affected by reduced symptom aware...
FloMore: Meeting bandwidth requirements of flows.

Wide-area cloud provider networks must support the bandwidth requirements of diverse services (e.g., applications, product groups, customers) despite failures. Existing traffic engineering (TE) schemes operate at much coarser granularity than services, which we show necessitates unduly conservative decisions. To tackle this, we present FloMore, which directly considers the bandwidth needs of individual services and ensures they are met a desired percentage of time. Rather than meet the requirements for all services over the same set of failure states, FloMore exploits a key opportunity that each service could meet its bandwidth requirements over a different set of failure states. FloMore consists of an offline phase that identifies the critical failure states of each service, and on failure allocates traffic in a manner that prioritizes those services for which that failure state is critical. We present a novel decomposition scheme to handle FloMore's offline phase in a tractable manner. Our evaluations show that FloMore outperforms state-of-the-art TE schemes including SMORE and Teavar, and also out-performs extensions of these schemes that we devise. The results also show FloMore's decomposition approach allows it to scale well to larger network topologies.