cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In search of photon's elementary axial magnetostatic field

Experimental investigations of the photon’s B(3)-field (third longitudinal polarization) are reported. The existence of an “axial magnetostatic field of photon” has been predicted in Bπ or B(3)-theory as the fundamental property of the circularly polarized light, and reported in numerous papers and monographs. High-sensitivity detection has been employed in photomagnetic induction, Faraday, and inverse Faraday effects (IFE) originating from such a field. The results of all three experiments clearly disprove the claims of Bπ-theory. Putting together these results and theoretical calculations in perspective, it is concluded that such fields are non-existent.
Radionuclide imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation in heart failure: unlocking untapped potential.

Heart failure (HF) is associated with sympathetic overactivity, which contributes to disease progression and arrhythmia development. Cardiac sympathetic innervation imaging can be performed using radiotracers that are taken up in the presynaptic nerve terminal of sympathetic nerves. The commonly used radiotracers are 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) for planar and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging, and 11C-hydroxyephedrine for positron emission tomography imaging. Sympathetic innervation imaging has been used in assessing prognosis, response to treatment, risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death and prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with HF. Other potential applications of these techniques are in patients with chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, predicting myocardial recovery in patients with left ventricular assist devices, and assessing reinnervation following cardiac transplantation. There is a lack of standardization with respect to technique of 123I-mIBG imaging that needs to be overcome for the imaging modality to gain popularity in clinical practice.
Cardiovascular outcome in hospitalized patients with minimal troponin I elevation and normal creatine phosphokinase.

Abstract Background: Among patients with acute coronary syndrome, elevated cardiac troponin and creatine phosphokinase MB fraction levels have both prognostic and diagnostic values. However, in hospitalized patients, cardiac biomarkers are measured in a variety of clinical situations including but not limited to acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, these patients may have elevated troponin levels with no increase in creatine phosphokinase MB fraction levels. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular outcome of acutely ill, hospitalized patients with minimal troponin I increase with normal creatine phosphokinase MB fraction. Methods: We identified 64 patients retrospectively from our database with minimal troponin I increase and normal creatine phosphokinase MB fraction hospitalized between November 1998 and April 2000. Discharged patients were questioned about re-hospitalization for myocardial infarction, unstable coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure and percutaneous coronary intervention by means of a structured questionnaire. For those patients who died during hospitalization, data were collected from hospital records. For patients who died at home or at a different institution, a surviving relative completed the questionnaire. Primary outcomes were death, myocardial infarction and the need for revascularization or re-hospitalization. Results: Composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting and re-hospitalization for cardiac cause occurred in 35.95% of patients within 1 year. Conclusions: There is a significant composite event rate of death, myocardial infarction or re-hospitalization for cardiac causes in acutely ill, hospitalized patients with normal creatine phosphokinase MB fraction and minimally elevated troponin I, regardless of the cause for hospitalization.
Associations with substance abuse treatment completion among drug court participants.

Subjects in the study included all participants (N = 573) in drug treatment court in a mid-sized U.S. city from 1996 through 2004. Administrative data from the drug court 1 The term drug court, which has become tradition-driven and bound, is misleading and can more accurately be considered to be a drug user treatment facilitating court. Inaccurate nosologies, whatever their underpinnings and stakeholders, do not increase the necessary quality and effectiveness of appropriate substance use intervention planning, implementation, or assessment. Editor's note. included measures of demographics and socioeconomics, substance use, and criminal justice history. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression yielded a final model of failure to complete drug treatment. 2 The term drug treatment, also tradition-bound, which is not pharmacotherapy or chemotherapy, is also misleading. Treatment can be briefly and usefully defined as a planned, goal directed, temporally structured change process, of necessary quality, appro...
Functional divergence of the plastid and cytosolic forms of the 54-kDa subunit of signal recognition particle.

Abstract Chloroplast and cytoplasmic signal recognition particles (cpSRP and cySRP) each contain a similar subunit, SRP54. The chloroplast homologue binds to cpSRP43, which is absent from cytosolic SRP, and cySRP54 binds to SRP-RNA, which appears to be absent from cpSRP. In the presence of cpSRP43, cpSRP54 posttranslationally forms a soluble targeting intermediate, transit complex, with the major light harvesting protein of the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, cySRP54 functions cotranslationally. In this study we investigated whether cytosolic and chloroplast forms of SRP54 were interchangeable in three types of functional assays: complementation of an Escherichia coli SRP54 mutant, formation of the transit complex, and heterologous binding between the SRP54 subunits, cpSRP43, and SRP-RNA. In no cases were the 54-kDa subunits able to substitute for each other suggesting that the two proteins are fundamentally different.
Low-frequency variability and CO2 transient climate change. Part 3. Intermonthly and interannual variability

Components of interannual, intermonthly, and total monthly variability of lower troposphere temperature are calculated from a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) (referred to as the coupled model), from the same atmospheric model coupled to a nondynamic mixedlayer ocean (referred to as the mixed-layer model), and from microwave sounding unit (MSU) satellite data. The coupled model produces most features of intermonthly and interannual variability compared to the MSU data, but with somewhat reduced amplitude in the extratropics and increased variability in the tropical western Pacific and tropical Atlantic. The relatively short 14-year period of record of the MSU data precludes definitive conclusions about variability in the observed system at longer time scales (e.g., decadal or longer). Different 14-year periods from the coupled model show variability on those longer time scales that were noted in Part 1 of this series. The relative contributions of intermonthly and interannual variability that make up the total monthly variability are similar between the coupled model and the MSU data, suggesting that similar mechanisms are at work in both the model and observed system. These include El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-type interannual variability in the tropics, Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) type intermonthly variability in the tropics, and blocking-type intermonthly variability in the extratropics. Manifestations of all of these features have been noted in various versions of the model. Significant changes of variability noted in the coupled model with doubled carbon dioxide differ from those in our mixed-layer model and earlier studies with mixed-layer models. In particular, in our mixed-layer model intermonthly and interannual variability changes are similar with a mixture of regional increases and decreases, but with mainly decreases in the zonal mean from about 20°S to 60°N and near 60°S. In the coupled model, intermonthly and interannual changes of variability with doubled CO2 show mostly increases of tropical interannual variability and decreases of intermonthly variability near 60°N. These changes in the tropics are related to changes in ENSO, the south Asian monsoon, and other regional hydrological regimes, while the alterations near 60°N are likely associated with changes in blocking activity. These results point to the important contribution from ENSO seen in the coupled model and the MSU data that are not present in the mixed-layer model.
Landing-site selection and searching behaviour in the micro-lepidopteron Agonopteryx pulvipennella

Abstract The cryptic micro-lepidopteron Agonopteryx pulvipennella (Oecophoridae) camouflages itself against predators by distinguishing among several shades of grey and preferring landing sites that match the reflectance of its fore-wings. Variations in the time it spends searching out a site are of survival value: they increase the moth's chances of finding a good site and decrease predation risk on a poor site.
Arterial age as a function of coronary artery calcium (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]).

It has been proposed that coronary artery calcium (CAC) can be used to estimate an arterial age in adults. Supporting this concept is that chronologic age, as used in cardiovascular risk assessment, is a surrogate for atherosclerotic burden. This measure can provide the patient with a more understandable version of their CAC score (e.g. you are 55 years old, but your arteries are more consistent with an arterial age of 65). We describe a method of estimating arterial age by equating estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk for observed age and coronary artery calcium (CAC). Arterial age is then the risk-equivalent of coronary artery calcium. We use data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort study of 6814 participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease, followed for an average of 4 years. Estimated arterial age is obtained as a simple linear function of log-transformed CAC. In a model for incident CHD risk controlling for both age and arterial age, only arterial age was significant, indicating that observed age does not provide additional information after controlling for arterial age. Framingham risk calculated using this arterial age is more predictive of short-term incident coronary events than Framingham risk based on observed age (area under the ROC curve 0.75 for Framingham risk based on observed age, 0.79 using arterial age, p=0.006). In conclusion, arterial age provides a convenient transformation of CAC from Agatston units to a scale more easily appreciated by both patients and treating physicians.
Alteration of benthic communities associated with copper contamination linked to boat moorings

Although copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, leaching from boat paint can cause excess environmental loading in enclosed marinas. The effects of copper contamination on benthic macrofaunal communities were examined in three San Diego Bay marinas (America’s Cup, Harbor Island West and East) in Southern California, USA. The distribution of Cu concentration in sediments exhibited a clear spatial gradient, with hotspots created by the presence of boats, which in two marinas exceeded the effect range medium (ERM). Elevated sediment Cu was associated with differences in benthic assemblages, reduced species richness and enhanced dominance in America’s Cup and Harbor Island West, whereas Harbor Island East did not appear to be affected. At sites without boats there were greater abundances of some amphipods such as the species Desdimelita sp., Harpinia sp., Aoroides sp., Corophium sp., Podocerus sp., bivalves such as Lyonsia californica, Musculista senhousia, Macoma sp., and polychaetes such as Diplocirrus sp. In contrast, at sites with boats, densities of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Polydora nuchalis, Euchone limnicola, Exogone lourei, Tubificoides spp. were enhanced. The limited impact on Harbor Island East suggests not only lower Cu input rates and increased water flushing and mixing, but also the presence of adequate defense mechanisms that regulate availability and mitigate toxic impacts. At all three marinas, Cu in tissues of several macrobenthic species exhibited Cu bioaccumulation above levels found in the surrounding environment. The annelids Lumbrineris sp. and Tubificoides spp., and the amphipod Desdimelita sp. contained high levels of Cu, suggesting they function as Cu bioaccumulators. The spionid polychaetes Polydora nuchalis and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata had much lower Cu concentrations than surrounding sediments, suggesting they function as Cu bioregulators. The macrobenthic invertebrates in San Diego Bay marinas that tolerate Cu pollution (e.g. P. nuchalis, P. paucibranchiata, Euchone limnicola, Typosyllis sp., Tubificoides sp.) may function as indicators of high-Cu conditions, whereas the presence of Cu-sensitive species (e.g. Podocerus sp., Aoroides sp., Harpinia sp., Macoma sp., Lyonsia californica) may indicate healthier conditions (less Cu-stressed). Parallel responses by faunas of Shelter Island Yacht Basin, also in San Diego Bay, suggest potential for development of regional Cu contamination assessment criteria, and call for functional comparisons with other marinas and coastal water bodies.
The association between emotional and behavioral problems and gastrointestinal symptoms among children with high-functioning autism

This study investigated the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and a broad set of emotional and behavioral concerns in 95 children with high-functioning autism and IQ scores ≥ 80. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed via the Autism Treatment Network's Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, and data were gathered on autism symptom severity, adaptive behavior, and multiple internalizing and externalizing problems. The majority (61%) of children had at least one reported gastrointestinal symptom. Emotional and behavioral problems were also common but with a high degree of variability. Children with and without gastrointestinal problems did not differ in autism symptom severity, adaptive behavior, or total internalizing or externalizing problem scores. However, participants with gastrointestinal problems had significantly higher levels of affective problems. This finding is consistent with a small body of research noting a relationship between gastrointestinal problems, irritability, and mood problems in autism spectrum disorder. More research to identify the mechanisms underlying this relationship in autism spectrum disorder is warranted. Future research should include a medical assessment of gastrointestinal concerns, longitudinal design, and participants with a range of autism spectrum disorder severity in order to clarify the directionality of this relationship and to identify factors that may impact heterogeneity in the behavioral manifestation of gastrointestinal concerns.
Dose-response studies of intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone in sensitized and non-sensitized rats.

We have shown previously that the intracerebroventricular (icvt) infusion of 5 ng/h aldosterone (ALD) in the sensitized rat (one kidney removed, 1% NaCl plus 0.15% KCl solution to drink) produced hypertension similar in amplitude and time of onset to a 100-fold dose administered subcutaneously (s.c.), while a 5-ng/h subcutaneous infusion had no effect on blood pressure (BP). Dose-response studies on the icvt infusion of ALD were carried out in sensitized and non-sensitized (intact, with tap water to drink) male Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR). In both studies, a control group received the diluent, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), icvt. In sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated at day 7 in those receiving 15 ng/h icvt, day 11 in those receiving 5 ng/h icvt and 500 ng/h s.c. and day 18 in those receiving 1.5 ng/h icvt. The indirect systolic BPs at day 20 of infusion were 119 +/- 0.8 (s.e.) mmHg for controls, 182 +/- 5 for 15 ng/h icvt, 140 +/- 2 mmHg for 5 ng/h icvt, 131 +/- 1 mmHg for 1.5 ng/h icvt, 125 +/- 1 mmHg for 0.5 ng/h, and 159 +/- 5 mmHg for 500 ng/h s.c. Recovery (removal of pumps and return to water to drink) for 18 days resulted in the return of normal pressures in all groups except the 15 ng/h, icvt group in which pressures remained slightly, but significantly elevated at 127 +/- 3 mmHg. In non-sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly elevated in animals receiving 45 ng/h icvt and 1 microgram/h s.c. by day 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-time classification of dance gestures from skeleton animation

We present a real-time gesture classification system for skeletal wireframe motion. Its key components include an angular representation of the skeleton designed for recognition robustness under noisy input, a cascaded correlation-based classifier for multivariate time-series data, and a distance metric based on dynamic time-warping to evaluate the difference in motion between an acquired gesture and an oracle for the matching gesture. While the first and last tools are generic in nature and could be applied to any gesture-matching scenario, the classifier is conceived based on the assumption that the input motion adheres to a known, canonical time-base: a musical beat. On a benchmark comprising 28 gesture classes, hundreds of gesture instances recorded using the XBOX Kinect platform and performed by dozens of subjects for each gesture class, our classifier has an average accuracy of 96:9%, for approximately 4-second skeletal motion recordings. This accuracy is remarkable given the input noise from the real-time depth sensor.
Letters from Jenny revisited: The computer content analysis redone

The text of Allport's Letters from Jenny was reanalyzed by computer. The analysis was accomplished by splitting the letters at Ross's death and through the use of significance tests. Surprising differences were found between Paige's (1964) results and those of the current study: We found substantially fewer words in the text than he did, and our count of number of letters written was higher. It was found that there were significantly more references to the topics of Positives, Art, Paranoid matters, Death, and Illness after Ross's death. References to Ross, Children, and Money decreased. Certain statistical and methodological problems in analysis of data of this type were commented upon.
Atomic Structure of a 36.8 (210) Tilt Grain Boundary in TiO2

An understanding of the atomic structure at internal interfaces is of crucial importance for the electronic and structural properties of most advanced materials. Here, the authors present a detailed study of the atomic structure at a [001] tilt grain boundary of {Sigma}5(210) in TiO{sub 2} (rutile). Z-contrast imaging is used to obtain a 2-D atomic map of the cation positions at the interface. Details of the charge state of cations and atomic structure around anion sites are then provided using electron energy loss spectroscopy. In particular, the spectroscopic data for oxygen is interpreted using multiple scattering theory to give 3-D structural information. These combined techniques allow a unique grain boundary structure to be defined.
Architecting methodology for spatially and temporally distributed resource extraction systems

This paper presents a framework aimed at supporting the decision-making process for the preliminary design of system architectures for the extraction of spatially and temporally distributed resources. The goal of the research is to provide a tool to identify “global best” architectures for resource extraction “systems of systems,” which usually differ from the sum of “local best” systems. The framework presented in this paper consists of an integrated model where both the architecture of the system of systems and the design of the individual systems are considered simultaneously. Using this approach, designers are able to gain insights by generating a selection of top-performing concepts. Subsequently, they can analyze those concepts using more sophisticated, albeit more resource-expensive design processes. The implementation of the proposed framework is a complementary tool to existing design practices. It features several advantages such as enabling the analysis of large-scale problems, for which exhaustive enumeration of architectures of systems of systems is not a viable option. The paper first presents an application of the methodology to the architecture of offshore oil and gas production fields. It then shows how to use the methodology for the development of scenario analyses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16
Closure to "Effective Flange Width Definition for Steel–Concrete Composite Bridge Girder" by Methee Chiewanichakorn, Amjad J. Aref, Stuart S. Chen, and Il-Sang Ahn

This closure article was written in response to a commentary on recent research (Chiewanichakorn et al, 2004) that investigated composite sections (made up of a concrete slab attached to a steel girder by means of shear connectors). The commentary author maintained that formulas like the one proposed by the researchers tend to produce increasing effective widths with decreasing interaction between beam and slab. The discusser also pointed out that the researchers' comparison of interior and exterior beam specimens can be slightly misleading, since all beams were T-shaped. The discusser concludes that the foremost reason for maintaining the present limitations on effective width is that concrete cracks. Composite beams have become notorious for developing longitudinal cracks in the concrete slabs over their steel beam sections. In their response, the original researchers contend that the discusser's argument is not valid and they stand strongly behind their findings. The researchers point out several major problems with using the girder deflection approach, versus using compressive bending stress. They conclude that the consequence of imposing the discusser's suggested limitations on effective flange width would be underestimation of the section resistance, especially after concrete cracking.
Qthreads: An API for programming with millions of lightweight threads

Large scale hardware-supported multithreading, an attractive means of increasing computational power, benefits significantly from low per-thread costs. Hardware support for lightweight threads is a developing area of research. Each architecture with such support provides a unique interface, hindering development for them and comparisons between them. A portable abstraction that provides basic lightweight thread control and synchronization primitives is needed. Such an abstraction would assist in exploring both the architectural needs of large scale threading and the semantic power of existing languages. Managing thread resources is a problem that must be addressed if massive parallelism is to be popularized. The qthread abstraction enables development of large-scale multithreading applications on commodity architectures. This paper introduces the qthread API and its Unix implementation, discusses resource management, and presents performance results from the HPCCG benchmark.
Dynamic properties of the clock-spike system of the fly

Digital signal processing techniques are applied to electrophysiological data from the fly Sarcophaga in studying the functional significance of the clock-spike and eye muscle (CSEM) system associated with the fly's compound eyes. It is shown that the predictions of a spatial-temporal filtering model confirm that the CSEM system performs target tracking which greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of each elementary motion detector. >
Effect of amlodipine on norepinephrine kinetics and baroreflex function in patients with congestive heart failure

Abstract Background: The use of calcium channel blocking drugs is controversial in heart failure, partly because of concerns about neurohormonal stimulation. Preliminary data suggest that the newer agent amlodipine may be useful in this syndrome. Suppression of sympathetic activity either directly or by sensitized baroreflex function could be contributing factors to the clinical use of this drug. Objective: To assess the effect of short-term amlodipine therapy on baseline measures of sympathetic activity and baroreflex function in patients with chronic stable congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: Seven patients with chronic CHF (New York Heart Association functional class II or III, moderate to severe reduction in left ventricular systolic function) were studied. All patients underwent baroreflex testing with head-up tilt, head-down tilt, and head-down tilt with phenylephrine infusion. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, forearm blood flow and resistance, and plasma norepinephrine (NE) kinetics were assessed at baseline and after each baroreflex perturbation on three occasions: a control test and after 10 days each of placebo and amlodipine therapy. Results: Plasma NE and NE spillover did not significantly increase after amlodipine administration compared with control and placebo tests (488 ± 119 pg/ml vs 350 ± 85 and 325 ± 87 pg/ml). In three subjects, plasma NE levels were essentially unchanged, whereas in four they rose markedly (289 ± 87 pg/ml at control vs 551 ± 158 pg/ml). There was no difference in the response of any variable during baroreflex perturbations after amlodipine administration compared with control and placebo tests. One subject who tolerated head-down tilt coupled with phenylephrine administration during the control and placebo tests became markedly short of breath during the same intervention after amlodipine administration. Plasma NE levels in this patient had risen markedly while receiving amlodipine and were not appropriately suppressed during the baroreflex loading maneuver. Conclusions: Short-term therapy with amlodipine does not suppress sympathetic activity or alter efferent responses to baroreflex perturbation in patients with stable chronic CHF. Significant increases in plasma NE and NE spillover and abnormal responses to baroreflex stimulation are possible after administration of this drug. The relevance of these findings to studies in larger number of patients requires further study. (Am Heart J 1997;134:13-9.)
Solution Structure of CXCL5 — A Novel Chemokine and Adipokine Implicated in Inflammation and Obesity

The chemokine CXCL5 is selectively expressed in highly specialized cells such as epithelial type II cells in the lung and white adipose tissue macrophages in muscle, where it mediates diverse functions from combating microbial infections by regulating neutrophil trafficking to promoting obesity by inhibiting insulin signaling. Currently very little is known regarding the structural basis of how CXCL5 mediates its novel functions. Towards this missing knowledge, we have solved the solution structure of the CXCL5 dimer by NMR spectroscopy. CXCL5 is a member of a subset of seven CXCR2-activating chemokines (CAC) that are characterized by the highly conserved ELR motif in the N-terminal tail. The structure shows that CXCL5 adopts the typical chemokine fold, but also reveals several distinct differences in the 30 s loop and N-terminal residues; not surprisingly, crosstalk between N-terminal and 30 s loop residues have been implicated as a major determinant of receptor activity. CAC function also involves binding to highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), and the CXCL5 structure reveals a distinct distribution of positively charged residues, suggesting that differences in GAG interactions also influence function. The availability of the structure should now facilitate the design of experiments to better understand the molecular basis of various CXCL5 functions, and also serve as a template for the design of inhibitors for use in a clinical setting.
Partial properness and real planar maps

Abstract If a local homeomorphism of the real plane, h = (f,g) : R 2 → R 2 , is not one-to-one, then both f and g have fibers with connected components whose images under h are disjoint. Global homeomorphisms h are characterized in terms of properness along fibers of, and simplicity of, component maps. Two known counterexamples to univalence conjectures (for Samuelson maps and polynomial maps) are used to illustrate the results.
Folic Acid Deficiency Secondary to Iron Deficiency in Man Remission with Iron Therapy and a Diet Low in Folic Acid

T HE requirement of dietary folic acid for normal, healthy adults has not yet been fully established. However, in recent years various investigators have placed the requirement somewhere in the range of 10 to 50 jsg. per day.’’ This requirement range was established in part from the treatment of megaloblastic dysplasia in patients who had protein malnutrition’ or various types of malabsorption syndromes,’ and hence might be considered high. Recently, Herbert placed himself on a diet
Creating Successful PACU Nurses: Georgetown University Hospital Perianesthesia Orientation Program

Chestnutt and Everhart [2007] describe how the nursing shortage has led to an influx of new graduate nurses into the acute care nursing setting. Georgetown University Hospital (GUH) is experiencing this influx in all nursing specialties including the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The New Graduate Nurse Program started in 2001 and the PACU has participated in the New Graduate Program since 2002. On average, GUH hires 90 new graduate nurses a year; the PACU acquires four to seven new graduate nurses each year. In 2006, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) conducted a national survey and found that 80% of the respondents had a structured critical care orientation program for newly licensed nurses [Thomason, 2006]. Since the PACU is a critical care area, leadership desired a standardized program to create the optimal PACU nurse. This article explores the Perianesthesia New Graduate Orientation Program at GUH and presents the charactertics of such a program. In addition, the successes and challenges of the program will be discussed.
The automatic integration of ordinary differential equations

An integration technique for the automatic solution of an initial value problem for a set of ordinary differential equations is described. A criterion for the selection of the order of approximation is proposed. The objective of the criterion is to increase the step size so as to reduce solution time. An option permits the solution of “stiff” differential equations. A program embodying the techniques discussed appears in Algorithm 407.
Lattice fringe signatures of epitaxy on nanotubes

We consider ways to determine the crystallographic direction of particles on carbon nanotubes, where possible from a single lattice fringe image. In our experiment, we use a Philip EM430 TEM with point resolution near 0.2nm to image Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes provided by Chad Xing of UM-Rolla. We have known that Pt is a face-centered cubic (FCC) element. According to the Pt and nanotube fringes, we can understand the distribution of Pt fringes along carbon nanotubes.
The Effects of Lipopolysaccharide, BCG-Immune T Lymphocytes, and Lymphokines on Generation of Tumoricidal Pulmonary Macrophages in Syrian Hamster

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates pulmonary macrophages from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters to kill tumor cells in vitro. However, pulmonary macrophages from BCG immune and from untreated hamsters cannot be activated for tumor cytotoxicity by in vitro treatment with LPS. Pulmonary macrophages from the nonimmune hamsters acquire tumoricidal capacity after 3 hr of coculture with T cells from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters or when incubated with Con-A-stimulated spleen cell supernatant fluid. A heterogeneous population of pulmonary lavage cells from BCG immune and from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters destroys the tumor cells more effectively than a homogeneous population of pulmonary macrophages from the same animals. LPS significantly augments the cytotoxic activity of the heterogeneous population of pulmonary lavage cells.
Compensating the Transplant Professional: Time for a Model Change

Compensation models for physicians are currently based primarily on the work relative value unit (wRVU) that rewards productivity by work volume. The value-based payment structure soon to be ushered in by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services rewards clinical quality and outcomes. This has prompted changes in wRVU value for certain services that will result in reduced payment for specialty procedures such as transplantation. To maintain a stable and competent workforce and achieve alignment between clinical activity, growth imperatives, and cost effectiveness, compensation of transplant physicians must evolve toward a matrix of measures beyond the procedure-based activity. This personal viewpoint proposes a redesign of transplant physician compensation plans to include the "virtual RVU" to recognize and reward meaningful clinical integration defined as hospital-physician commitment to specified and measurable metrics for current non-RVU-producing activities. Transplantation has been a leader in public outcomes reporting and is well suited to meet the challenges ahead that can only be overcome with a tight collaboration and alignment between surgeons, other physicians, support staff, and their respective institution and leadership.
Optimal Geometry of Convection Cooled Electronic Packages

This is a review of a new class of fundamental results concerning the optimal spacing of parallel heat generating boards arranged in a stack of fixed volume. The cooling is by single-phase laminar flow, in natural convection or forced convection. Several board models will be considered: smooth boards with uniform temperature or uniform heat flux, flush mounted heat sources, protruding heat sources, and a board cooled in its own (insulated) parallel plate channel.
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression and Immune Escape

A large body of evidence supports the notion that both the adaptive and nonadaptive immune systems play an important role in the control of tumor progression in patients with malignant disease. These findings have provided the rationale for the development of active specific immunotherapy for the treatment of malignant disease. The enthusiastic application of active specific immunotherapy in a large number of patients has conclusively shown that: 1. Several of the immunization strategies used elicit a tumor antigen (TA)-specific immune response. 2. The results of immunomonitoring assays in patients treated with active specific immunotherapy have poor, if any, predictive value of clinical responses. 3. Irrespective of the TA or immunization strategy used, clinical responses have only occasionally been observed. 4. Disease frequently progresses and recurs in spite of induction and/or persistence of TA-specific immune responses.
Tolerance to Parathion of Phytophagous Insects Influenced by Host Plant

Tolerance to parathion in phytophagous insects is significantly influenced by the host plant. This fact was demonstrated for the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner); the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.); and the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouche).
Developmental effects of fumonisin B1-containing Fusarium moniliforme culture extract in CD1 mice.

Pregnant Charles River CD1 mice were treated with a semipurified extract ofFusarium moniliforme culture containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg FB1/kg each day orally (diluted in distilled water) between gestational days (GD) 7 and 15 to evaluate the developmental toxicity of FB1. Following sacrifice of dams on GD 18, litters were examined for gross abnormalities and divided equally for skeletal or visceral examination by routine techniques. Significant maternal mortality was observed at doses of 50 and 100 mg FB1/kg. Dose-dependant decreases in maternal body weight gains, number of live offsprings per litter, and mean body weight of the offspring were produced at FB1 doses of 25 mg/kg or higher. The percentage of implants resorbed increased at all doses in a dose-dependant manner. A dose-dependant increase, except at the lowest dose tested, in the incidence of ossification deficits involving digits and sternum, short and wavy ribs, and hydrocephalus of lateral and third ventricles was also evident. Cleft palate was seen only at the highest FB1 dose. Maternal intoxication manifested as a dose-dependant increase in the severity of ascites associated mainly with increased histopathologic scores reflecting hepatocellular damage at day 18. Concommittant increases in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) on GD 12, reflecting parenchymal liver cell damage, was also observed at all doses above 12.5 mg of FB1/kg. These results suggest that FB1-containingF. moniliforme culture extract is developmentally toxic in mice, and that this toxicity may be mediated by maternal hepatotoxicity.
Foldamer-mediated manipulation of a pre-amyloid toxin

Disordered proteins, such as those central to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are particularly intractable for structure-targeted therapeutic design. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a synthetic foldamer to capture structure in a disease relevant peptide. Oligoquinoline amides have a defined fold with a solvent-excluded core that is independent of its outwardly projected, derivatizable moieties. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a peptide central to β-cell pathology in type II diabetes. A tetraquinoline is presented that stabilizes a pre-amyloid, α-helical conformation of IAPP. This charged, dianionic compound is readily soluble in aqueous buffer, yet crosses biological membranes without cellular assistance: an unexpected capability that is a consequence of its ability to reversibly fold. The tetraquinoline docks specifically with intracellular IAPP and rescues β-cells from toxicity. Taken together, our work here supports the thesis that stabilizing non-toxic conformers of a plastic protein is a viable strategy for cytotoxic rescue addressable using oligoquinoline amides.
Lake strandline evolution and sandstone distribution:An example from the Daqing placanticline,Heilongjiang

The Daqing placanticline in northern Songliao Basin is composed of seven anticlines,including,from north to south,Lamadian,Sartu and Xingshugang Oil Fields.The target horizons in individual oil fields are significantly made up of PI,SII and SIII oil measures.The present paper deals with the location and evolution of the lake strandline in individual target horizons during individual stages,sandstone evolution within the lake strandline and favourable conditions for the accumulation of the lithologic oil pools on the basis of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary petrography.
Hygienic Status of Canteens of Construction Sites at High-tech Development Zone in Chengdu,2010

Objective To understand the hygienic status of the canteens of construction sites at high-tech development zone in Chengdu,provide scientific evidence to the relevant departments to strengthen supervision and management.Methods A total of 30 construction sites in Chengdu hi-tech zone were randomly sampled and investigated the health facilities,health management and food safety of the canteens of these sites at May 8th,2010.Results There were 40.0% of these canteens had hygienic licenses,75.2% of the employees had health certificates,only 50.0% of the processing places of canteens had reasonable layout,the passing rate of rice was 90%,of vegetable oil was 100%,of tableware disinfection was 8.6%.Conclusion There were a lot of food safety problems at the canteens of construction sites,the sense of law among the canteen operators should been strengthened,and the health promotion also should been strengthened for practitioners to improve food hygiene awareness.The relevant law enforcements should strengthen supervision and try to eliminate food safety risks on site canteens.
Modeling of Highly Instrumented Honeywell Turbofan Engine Tested with Ice Crystal Ingestion in the NASA Propulsion System Laboratory

The Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL), an altitude test facility at NASA Glenn Research Center, has been used to test a highly instrumented turbine engine at simulated altitude operating conditions. This is a continuation of the PSL testing that successfully duplicated the icing events that were experienced in a previous engine (serial LF01) during flight through ice crystal clouds, which was the first turbofan engine tested in PSL. This second model of the ALF502R-5A serial number LF11 is a highly instrumented version of the previous engine. The PSL facility provides a continuous cloud of ice crystals with controlled characteristics of size and concentration, which are ingested by the engine during operation at simulated altitudes. Several of the previous operating points tested in the LF01 engine were duplicated to confirm repeatability in LF11. The instrumentation included video cameras to visually illustrate the accretion of ice in the low pressure compressor (LPC) exit guide vane region in order to confirm the ice accretion, which was suspected during the testing of the LF01. Traditional instrumentation included static pressure taps in the low pressure compressor inner and outer flow path walls, as well as total pressure and temperature rakes in the low pressure compressor region. The test data was utilized to determine the losses and blockages due to accretion in the exit guide vane region of the LPC. Multiple data points were analyzed with the Honeywell Customer Deck. A full engine roll back point was modeled with the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) code. The mean line compressor flow analysis code with ice crystal modeling was utilized to estimate the parameters that indicate the risk of accretion, as well as to estimate the degree of blockage and losses caused by accretion during a full engine roll back point. The analysis provided additional validation of the icing risk parameters within the LPC, as well as the creation of models for estimating the rates of blockage growth and losses.
GHGfrack: An Open-Source Model for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Combustion of Fuel during Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing

This paper introduces GHGfrack, an open-source engineering-based model that estimates energy consumption and associated GHG emissions from drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations. We describe verification and calibration of GHGfrack against field data for energy and fuel consumption. We run GHGfrack using data from 6927 wells in Eagle Ford and 4431 wells in Bakken oil fields. The average estimated energy consumption in Eagle Ford wells using lateral hole diameters of 8 (3)/4 and 6 (1)/8 in. are 2.25 and 2.73 TJ/well, respectively. The average estimated energy consumption in Bakken wells using hole diameters of 6 in. for horizontal section is 2.16 TJ/well. We estimate average greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 419 and 510 tonne of equivalent CO2 per well (tonne of CO2 eq/well) for the two aforementioned assumed geometries in Eagle Ford, respectively, and 417 tonne of CO2 eq/well for the case of Bakken. These estimates are limited only to GHG emissions from combustion of diesel fuel to supply energy only for rotation of drill string, drilling mud circulation, and fracturing pumps. Sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the top three key variables in driving energy intensity in drilling are the lateral hole diameter, drill pipe internal diameter, and mud flow rate. In hydraulic fracturing, the top three are lateral casing diameter, fracturing fluid volume, and length of the lateral.
Macrosomia and Birth Trauma in Infants of Diet Treated Gestational Diabetic Women

It is well recognized that untreated gestational diabetes is associated with an excess rate of stillbirths and a high frequency of large for dates (macrosomic) infants. The latter can lead to birth trauma for infants delivered vaginally, or high rates of cesarean sections. Treatment of gestational diabetes should be designed to prevent these complications. Standard treatment has consisted of a well balanced diabetic diet. What is not clear is whether all gestational diabetic women should be automatically treated with insulin. Management by diet alone with good control of blood glucose values has been shown to result in normal perinatal mortality (Gabbe etal., 1977; Adashi etal., 1979). However, perinatal morbidity may remain excessive with just dietary therapy. For example, in Gabbe’s series the incidence of fetal macrosomia in the well controlled diet treated women was 20%.
The Budding Aromas from Taco Trucks: Taste and Space in Austin, Texas

This paper evaluates how taste preferences produce space in Austin, Texas. Austin is a booming city. Indeed, it has been the fastest growing metro area in the United States for the past 20 years. It is also renowned for its evolving and enthralling food truck scene. Food trucks of all sorts spring up throughout the city. Some of the more innovative foods stem from gourmet trucks. And these trucks often become symbolic capital that spur gentrification. Other trucks, such as the traditional taco truck, are ensconced in marginalized neighborhoods. They feed the working masses of Mexicans who flock to Austin to find work. Certainly, the gourmet truck vendors experiment with food flavors; however, taco truck entrepreneurs are innovative as well. The taco truck cooks modify their menus to accommodate Austin’s shifting demographics. To this end, I argue Austin’s landscape transformation can be examined through cooking practices. This paper takes a close look at how immigrant cooks negotiate social spaces through the foods they make. In so doing, I interviewed two traditional taco truck owners about how they decide what to cook based on the social spaces in which they park their trucks. Surprisingly, their subtle choices reflect the changing culture and budding taste preferences of the city’s residents.