cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Just War: A Catholic Perspective

Just peace is the desired condition and there exists a presumption against war. That presumption may be overridden by injustice that disrupts the just peace. Once the peace is broken, war is permissible under the following conditions: the war must be declared by the legitimate authority; there must be a just cause (defense against aggression, punishment against guilt, violation of rights, defending the innocent, or protecting those values required for decent human existence); the right intention (pursuit of stated cause, pursuit of lasting peace, and right attitude) must guide the move to war; the response of war must be proportional (producing more good than evil, appropriate to remedy the extent of injustice); success in waging war is probable; conformity to international law; all other attempts to remedy the injustice perpetrated or imminently threatened must have been attempted and exhausted.
Tightening the Belt: Sovereign Debt and Alliance Formation†

International relations scholars have previously argued that states facing budget constraints will join alliances to free resources for domestic spending. In this paper, we focus on the primary mechanism by which leaders have relaxed this constraint: sovereign borrowing. Sovereign debt enables states to maintain stable tax rates while increasing expenditures to confront budgetary emergencies. Affordable access to credit, then, serves as both a source of power and an important buffer between security and the political consequences of fiscal policy. States that lack the confidence of investors must make tough choices between continued security and their electoral fortunes. We suggest that as governments lack access to affordable credit, they will substitute military capacity with alliance formation. Alliances provide a means for leaders to offset the loss of flexibility from diminished access to credit without disturbing the domestic political economy. Using previous models of alliance formation as a guide, our empirical evidence indicates that states that have a hard time borrowing are more likely to form an alliance than those states with affordable access to credit markets.
The Nascent Vortex State of Type II Superconductors

In studying (magnetic) superheating of bulk type II superconductors of moderate κ we could not achieve the theoretically predicted superheating field.1,2 We also found more microwave absorption in the superheated state than expected. Such results enable no conclusions to be drawn. They are readily interpretable in terms of imperfect samples. The results did, however, lead us to explore the vortex nucleation problem.
Simple, reliable replacement of pilot balloons for a variety of clinical situations

When a pilot balloon fails or is an impediment to an intubation, such as via a pediatric laryngeal mask, options are generally limited to a tracheal tube exchange. Simple and effective solutions are described to replace a pilot balloon in a variety of clinical situations by using equipment that is readily available in operating rooms. Equipment such as intravenous catheters or epidural clamp connectors provides reliable, light weight, and streamlined substitutions for pilot balloons when connected to the pilot-cuff inflation line.
Active front wheel steering system for 14 DOF armoured vehicle model due to firing force disturbance

In this paper, a study contributed in controller performance for Active Front Wheel steering System (AFWS) for armoured vehicle. A 14 DOF model of armoured vehicle is used to control the vehicle's dynamic responses especially in yaw rate, yaw angle, lateral acceleration and lateral displacement by using a simple PID controller. The responses from the vehicle model was then compared with ones from CarSim software to ensure that the model is verified. All the vehicle's parameters were extracted from High mobility Multipurpose Wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) model in CarSim. The external disturbance in this paper is the firing force that exerted on the vehicle body. By tuning the value of PID, the simulation result was obtained and analyzed.
Traveling from Feminism to Mainstream Sociology and Back: One Woman's Tale of Tenure and the Politics of Backlash

Within disciplines, the 1980s were an especially heady intellectual time for feminist graduate students. Not only did second wave scholarship prove to be inspirational for dissertation projects, but new books and articles published by women of color, lesbian feminists, postcolonial theorists and poststructuralists posed serious challenges to the ethnocentric assumptions of white, middle-class and Western feminism. Yet, despite over a decade of social movement activism and the creation of feminist institutions and organizations, this generation of feminist scholars worked against a cultural backdrop marked by a dramatic move to the political right. My personal narrative begins in this historical moment charting my political and intellectual trajectory from graduate school to the present. My positioning as a queer feminist between the second and third waves of feminist scholarship carried with it a rewarding intellectual legacy as well as a number of painful contradictions.1 Further, I argue that these contradictions arose as a consequence of the uneven diffusion and reception of feminist scholarship, particularly the politics of backlash, within institutions and academic departments across the country from the 1980s to the present.
“Love will not be idle”: Penance, Fantasy, and Desire in Richard Rolle’s The Form of Living

Richard Rolle’s English letter The Form of Living examines self-injurious behavior by anchorites and other ascetics not by condemning it wholesale but by resisting its logic of renunciation. This logic sought to abolish interiority’s multiplicities and to render the subject more strictly unified and calculating, a subject stripped of otherwise inextricable ties to its “other” (both within and beyond the subject) for whom penance is performed. The Form argues that extreme ascesis did not necessarily entail a reduction of the self to an exterior presence and fullness, nor did it inevitably assimilate the ritually exteriorized subject to its social engagements and towards an abolishment of the inner life. Yet penitential practices often lead to an exploitation of the body in these terms and do so through a disavowal of fragility — a fragility that for Rolle was essential to and constitutive of the contemplative subject.
Models of narrative analysis: A typology.

AbstractThe recent increase in the number of narrative studies in the human sciences is marked by great diversity in methods and theoretical perspectives. Researchers offer different answers to many questions, from what constitutes a narrative and how different genres may be specified to the aims and functions of storytell-ing. To clarify differences among approaches, a typology of models is proposed that focuses on which of three alternative problems are defined as the central task for narrative research: reference and the relation between temporal order-ings of events and their narrative representation; textual coherence and struc-ture, and how these are achieved through narrative strategies; and psychological, cultural, and social contexts and functions of narratives. Within each of these general categories, subclasses are distinguished in terms of the specific ways in which the central problem is addressed. Exemplars of each model are presented and related studies are cited. This comparative analysis demonstrates the depth, strength, and diversity of current research on narra-tive. It is suggested that further development of the field would benefit from more inclusive research strategies that combine what have been separate lines of inquiry. (Narrative Analyses; Types and Functions; Social Sciences; Educa-tion; Psychology
La formación de capital local en Puerto Rico, 1947 al presente

Puerto Rico es per capita un exportador formidable pero los capitalistas puertorriquenos estan ausentes de los sectores estrategicos de exportacion. Este articulo examina los sectores economicos en los cuales operan las principales firmas puertorriquenas y encuentra que estas no estan representadas en el sector manufacturero de exportacion. Segundo, examina los origenes historicos de la falta de formacion de capital puertorriqueno en los sectores exportadores. Tercero, examina el impacto de la estructura de propiedad de los sectores manufactureros exportadores sobre el ingreso local puertorriqueno, y encuentra que la brecha entre el ingreso generado en la Isla y el ingreso que pertenece a los residentes es espectacular (35% del PIB) debido a que la totalidad de la produccion en el sector manufacturero exportador esta en manos ausentistas. Finalmente, este articulo examina la reduccion del empleo en el sector manufacturero durante el periodo de 1996 a 2006, el periodo de eliminacion de los incentivos federales que anteriormente atraian a los inversionistas a la Isla
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF PROLINE-INDUCED PIGMENTATION IN WASHED CELLS OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS.

Blizzard, John L. (University of Houston, Houston, Texas) and G. E. Peterson. Selective inhibition of proline-induced pigmentation in washed cells of Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 85:1136–1140. 1963.—Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines inhibited the synthesis of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens strain D1. This occurred at concentrations of the antibiotic too low to inhibit the growth of the organism in either agar media or broth cultures. Nonpigmented cells were produced in broth by either adding streptomycin or incubating at 37 C. After being washed and resuspended in aqueous saline containing either casein hydrolysate, l-proline, or a glycine-succinate mixture and incubated at 27 C for 24 hr, these cells formed pigment. The appearance of pigment was preceded by a lag period of 10 hr. Prodigiosin production by these washed suspensions of cells was completely inhibited by either streptomycin or glucose, or by incubation at 37 C instead of 27 C. Even though pigmentation by washed-cell suspensions was induced by proline, the utilization of proline was not affected by streptomycin or glucose, or by incubation at 37 C. To block pigmentation completely, streptomycin had to be added to proline-supplemented cells before they were 10 hr old. Addition of the antibiotic after the end of the induction period caused either partial or no inhibition of pigment production. Streptomycin caused an increase in the endogenous respiration of S. marcescens but failed to affect the constitutive enzymes that oxidize glucose. The possible relationships of these phenomena are discussed. Weil (1952) reported that low concentrations of chloramphenicol and certain tetracyclines inhibit the synthesis of prodigiosin while permitting growth by Serratia marcescens. He noted the potential value to “mode-of-action” studies of an organism having certain functions selectively inhibited by antibiotics. We confirmed Weil's (1952) observations and found that streptomycin at low concentration would also inhibit the synthesis of prodigiosin without impeding growth. Further studies of the selective inhibition of prodigiosin synthesis by streptomycin were performed using nonproliferating suspensions of washed cells (Gott and Williams, 1961). Either a glycine-succinate mixture or l-proline could cause nonproliferating cells to form pigment. A period of induction preceded the formation of pigment. Either streptomycin or glucose, or an incubation temperature of 37 C, inhibited the proline-induced pigmentation by washed cells. Further investigations provided insights to these findings.
Longitudinal Analysis of Blood-borne Prion Infection

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, affecting human and animal species can be transmitted from TSE-infected individuals to naive susceptible hosts during the long asymptomatic (years to decades) and symptomatic disease stages. The presence of infectious hematogenous prions in asymptomatic TSE-infected hosts demonstrates the highly infectious nature of blood-borne prions in hosts lacking overt clinical symptoms. It is currently unknown when and how infectious prions first enter the blood following initial exposure. We have previously shown that the whole-blood real-time quaking-induced conversion assay (wbRT-QuIC) possesses 100% specificity and >92% sensitivity, making it an ideal tool to address this question. Here, we use wbRT-QuIC to analyze whole blood collected from oral, extranasal or aerosol TSE-exposed hosts for blood-borne prions. Our results demonstrate that conversion competent prions in the inoculum are capable of crossing mucosal surfaces and entering the circulatory system within 30 min—no matter the route of exposure. Detection of the inoculum minutes post exposure is followed by a steady decline in the detection of blood-borne prions up to 3 days which is followed by a progressive increase in the detection of nascent conversion competent prions between 1 and 17 months post exposure. These data provide the first evidence for the facile transport of mucosally acquired prions into the circulatory system, providing evidence for multiple routes of inter- and intra- host prion trafficking and shedding.
Real-time, Ada-based, avionics processing

It is noted that next-generation, embedded avionics systems are demanding an order-of-magnitude higher performance, faster responsiveness, information security protection, and configurable components to deal with the exploding information content modern battlefields. They require customizable reusability and a high degree of programmability to keep pace with rapidly changing tactical environments. Architectures which seek to satisfy these demands use multiple embedded controllers, RISC (reduced instruction set computer) processors, cached memories, and programmable signal processors. They rely heavily on embedded Ada runtime technology to meet their goals. The authors describe a RISC-based multiprocessor architecture and associated Ada operating system that support these next-generation avionics concepts while providing enhanced system integrity and information security support features. >
A 16 MeV/nucleon cocktail for heavy ion testing

The operations group at the 88-inch cyclotron at LBNL has developed a new cocktail of heavy ions ranging from Z=7-36 at 16 MeV/nucleon, which provides LETs from 1-26 MeV/mg/cm/sup 2/ at ranges from >500 /spl mu/m for the lightest components down to 163 /spl mu/m for krypton. This adds a more penetrating high-LET cocktail to the standard 4.5 MeV/nucleon and 10 MeV/nucleon cocktails presently available. When the new VENUS ion source is coupled to the cyclotron in 2005, xenon will be available as well, at an LET of 48 MeV/mg/cm/sup 2/ and a range of 164 /spl mu/m.
Conditional regression models for transient state survival analysis.

Abstract : Survival models are important tools for the analysis of data when a disease event occurs with time and subjects are lost to follow-up. Many models, however, can also be adapted for use when an event is characterized by transitions through intermediate states of disease with increasing severity. In this presentation, such an adaptation will be demonstrated for a class of conditional regression models for the analysis of transient state events occurring among grouped event times. The type of conditioning that will be described is useful in providing comparisons of specific disease states and an assessment of transition dependent risk factor effects. An example will be given based on the Framingham Heart Study. (Author)
Molecular biology: Seed of revolution

Michael A. Goldman hails the first English translation of the three-man paper that launched molecular biology.
HIV-1 recombinant gp160 vaccine induced antibodies in serum and saliva

Abstract As part of a phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of a vaccinia-expressed HIV-1 recombinant gp160 (rgp160) candidate vaccine, we measured serum and saliva antibody responses in low risk, uninfected volunteers. Six healthy adult volunteers received 50 μg doses of rgp160 vaccine adjuvanted in alum and deoxycholate at months 0, 1, 6, and 12. A 200 μg rgp160 immunization was given to four volunteers at 18 months. The vaccine induced anti-envelope glycoprotein IgG and IgA serum antibodies in all six volunteers. Saliva antibodies to envelope glycoprotein appeared in some volunteers at certain timepoints. Three volunteers appeared to transiently develop vaccine-induced secretory IgA antibody to envelope glycoprotein in whole saliva.
An electrophoretic study of four dehydrogenases during the respiratory development of Rana pipiens.

1. 1. Lactate (LDH), malate (MDH), isocitrate (IDH) and glutamate (GDH) dehydrogenases were studied by electrophoresis to investigate the possibility of isozymic differences between respiratory phases of Rana pipiens. 2. 2. No new isozymes appeared between gill development and lung development for any of the enzymes. 3. 3. Two new GDH bands appeared at the beginning of gill respiration. MDH, IDH and LDH retained the same bands during the entire development. 4. 4. Increases in activities for all the enzymes were observed near hatching.
PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF COVARIANCES OF REGIONALIZED VARIABLES

: The usefulness of stochastic models in describing the spatial variability of hydrogeologic quantities, such as permeability, storativity, piezometric head, seepage velocity, and solute concentrations is now widely recognized. In practice, these quantities are represented as the sum of a well-structured component, or drift, and a more erratic fluctuation component which is described statistically through its covariance function. This paper reviews some of the most recent and most promising methods for the estimation of parameters of these covariances from existing data. They are maximum likelihood, restricted maximum likelihood, minimum-variance unbiased quadratic estimation, and minimum-norm (weighted least squares) estimation. The applicability of such methods to conditional and unconditional probability problems is discussed.
High-power arrays of quantum cascade laser master-oscillator power-amplifiers

We report on multi-wavelength arrays of master-oscillator power-amplifier quantum cascade lasers operating at wavelengths between 9.2 and 9.8 μm. All elements of the high-performance array feature longitudinal (spectral) as well as transverse single-mode emission at peak powers between 2.7 and 10 W at room temperature. The performance of two arrays that are based on different seed-section designs is thoroughly studied and compared. High output power and excellent beam quality render the arrays highly suitable for stand-off spectroscopy applications.
THz imaging studies of painted samples to guide cultural heritage investigations at the Enkleistra of St. Neophytos inPaphos, Cyprus

Terahertz (THz) imaging is a relatively new non-destructive analytical technique that is transitioning from established application research areas such as defense and biomedicine to studies of cultural heritage artifacts. Our research adopts a THz medical imaging system, originally designed for in vivo tissue hydration sensing, to acquire high contrast imagery of painted plaster samples in order to assess the ability of the system to image the Byzantine wall paintings at the Enkleistra of St. Neophytos in Paphos, Cyprus. The original 12th century paintings show evidence of later painting phases overlapping earlier iconography. A thin layer of lead white (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) underlies, in parts, later wall paintings, concealing the original painting scheme beneath. Traditional imaging modalities have been unable to image the underlying iconography due to a combination of absorption and scattering. We aim to use THz imaging and novel optical design to probe beyond the visible surface and perform in situ analysis of iconography beneath the lead white layer. Imaging results of painted plaster mock-ups covered with a thin layer of lead white and/or chalk, as well as of a painted wooden panel with obscured writing, are presented, and from these images sufficient contrast for feature identification is demonstrated. Preliminary results from the analysis of these mock-ups confirmed the utility of this technique and its potential to image concealed original paintings in the Enkleistra of St. Neophytos. The results encourage analysis of THz scattering within paint and plaster materials to further improve spatial resolution and penetration depth in THz imaging systems.
Feeding Value of Opaque-2 Corn Grain and Corn Silage for Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Forty lactating cows were fed one of four diets containing combinations of regular or opaque-2 corn grain and corn silage in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 112 days to determine the feeding value of opaque-2 corn grain and corn silage. Milk production and milk composition were similar for all treatments. Type of corn had no effect on feed intake or efficiency of feed conversion to 4% fat-corrected milk. The apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and total digestible nutrient content were greater for diets containing opaque-2 corn grain compared to diets containing regular corn grain. However, acid detergent fiber digestibility was greater for regular corn grain than for opaque-2 corn grain. Opaque-2 corn and regular corn appear to be equal in feeding value for lactating cows.
Population-Level Quality Measures for Behavioral Screening and Intervention

Delivered routinely in general health care settings, smoking, alcohol, depression, and obesity screening and intervention (behavioral screening and intervention [BSI]) could substantially improve population health and reduce health care costs. Yet BSI is seldom delivered in an evidence-based manner. This article assesses the adequacy of quality measures for BSI. Online searches of the National Quality Forum’s Quality Positioning System and the National Clearinghouse for Quality Measures databases were conducted using the keywords smoking, tobacco, alcohol, depression, and obesity. The types and focuses of each measure were classified, and differences between the metrics and evidence-based practice were identified. Most measures indicate whether BSI components are delivered, not how well. Clinicians can perform well on most metrics without delivering evidence-based services. More rigorous quality measures are needed. A new kind of measure is proposed, whereby separate terms representing the reach and effec...
CONVERGENT DYNAMICS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIGURATIONS

Organization theory lacks an adequate accounting for the processes that produce distinct structural configurations. This article interprets organization structure as an instantaneous correspondence between three analytical levels that simultaneously constrain and stimulate behaviour: infrastructure, sociostructure, and superstructure. Structuring results from a process of convergence across levels that produces distinct configurations and provides observers with a living record of the organization's historical development. This article explores the dynamics of convergence through a comparative case study of two organizations in the publishing industry. Both firms developed into stable structural configurations that were uniquely produced from historically specific accommodations.
Medical Imaging of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration : Current Status of Imaging

Study design The author reviewed literature and reports on spine imaging, selected key articles in which novel imaging strategies were described, and prepared a review of currently developing imaging strategies in intervertebral disc degeneration. Objectives To provide a review of imaging in intervertebral disc degeneration that covers the current methodology briefly and describes developing techniques in detail. Summary of background data Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide excellent anatomic images of the spine. However, anatomic imaging of the spine does not reliably identify the source of pain in patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. Many functional imaging techniques are suited to the study of the spine. Some of these techniques will improve our understanding of intervertebral disc degeneration and clinical symptomatology. Methods The author selected reports in the current literature for further review and attempted to describe succinctly the material in the reports that are most relevant to spine imaging. Results New and potentially useful imaging strategies for spine imaging include dynamic computed tomography, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Conclusions Technological advances in magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging continue to offer more opportunities to investigate and diagnose back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration.
DORMIN AND CYTOKININ: GROWTH REGULATION OF LEMNA

SUMMARY Growth curves of Lemna minor are presented in which the fresh weight of the sterile cultures was plotted against time, and as a function of additions to the medium of 1 and 2 ppm of the dormin abscisic acid (ABA) and 0.1 ppm of the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA). The growth regulators were presented alone or in a variety of combinations and time sequences. Growth was halted or greatly inhibited by ABA and resumed upon addition of BA, and vice versa. Lemna plant growth thus can be made to stop or go at will, simply by varying the dormin and cytokinin concentrations.
Sex and Gender in Older Adults' Experience of Parkinson's Disease

Objectives. This article reports on the gendered experience of Parkinson's disease (PD). Data derived from 15 months of ethnographic study among community-dwelling older adults living with PD in eastern Iowa. Methods. The study utilized several methods: participant observation at PD support group meetings, illness narrative interviews with PD sufferers, and a questionnaire. Results. A total of 171 PD sufferers (106 men, 65 women) enrolled in the study. Illness narratives revealed gender differences in the impact of specific symptoms on daily life: Women's narratives emphasized the impact of the on/off effect and "thinking problems," whereas men's narratives emphasized the consequences of their physical appearance. In comparison, quantitative data found little sex difference in symptomatology. Discussion. The comparison of qualitatively and quantitatively derived data reveals the importance of attending to both sex and gender. Qualitative data demonstrate how the meaning of PD symptoms is gendered and illustrate an example of how gender and sex research differ. All narratives reflect the importance of role continuity, but men's put at the forefront appearance and social isolation whereas women's underscore their relational aspects of domestic activities. These data imply that providers must look beyond symptomatology to the gendered saliency of particular somatic phenomena.
Doubly differential single and multiple ionization of krypton by electron impact

Differential measurements for single and multiple ionization of Kr by 240 and $500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ electron impact are presented. Using a pulsed extraction field, ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{3+}$ ions were measured in coincidence with scattered electrons for energy losses up to $120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and scattering angles between 16\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Scaling properties of the doubly differential cross sections (DDCS) are investigated as a function of energy loss, scattering angle, and momentum transfer. It is shown that scaling the DDCS as outlined by Kim and Inokuti and plotting them versus a parameter consisting of the momentum transfer divided by the square root of the impact energy times $1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{cos}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, where $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is the scattering angle, yielded similar curves, but with different magnitudes, for single and multiple ionization. Normalizing these curves together produced two universal curves, one appropriate for single and multiple electron emission at larger scattering angles $(\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\geqslant}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ and one appropriate for small scattering angles $(\ensuremath{\theta}l30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$.
On the strategies and priorities for sequencing the human genome: a personal view

Abstract I suggest that the complete sequencing of the human genome is likely to become a self-supporting commercial enterprise. Those involved in basic research on human genetics should begin to make use of the new sequencing technology to approach questions such as that of the degree and nature of DNA sequence variation in humans and its relationship to heritable disease: the ‘population approach’ to genome sequencing
Factors Contributing to Cmos Static Ram Upset

Phenomena contributing to transient radiation induced static RAM (SRAM) cell upset in CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) include rail span collapse, dynamic FET threshold voltage shifts, photocurrents internal to the RAM cell, secondary photocurrents, and lateral variations in silicon surface potential. Of these phenomena, it is found that the major contributors are rail span collapse and internal cell photocurrents. A model is presented which combines global rail span collapse calculations with detailed analyses of local effects in the ram cell.
Virtual Christianity in an age of nominalist anthropology

This article claims that the collective object of an anthropology of Christianity should be Christianity as a virtual object, in the sense used by Gilles Deleuze: a field of multiplicitous potentia...
6 Degree of Freedom Motion Analysis of Surface Ship Models

A 6 degree of freedom (DOF) optical motion analysis system has been adapted for the measurement of surface ship model motion. The motions measured by the optical system are surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. Apparently, the calibration of the system is not traceable to a National Metrology Institute (NMI). Measurement results are compared to on-board instruments for the measurement of roll, pitch, and heave, which were calibrated prior to the test. Test results are presented for a Large Medium Speed Roll-on Roll-off (LMSR) ship model with a Transformable Craft (T-Craft) Surface Effect Ship (SES) in tandem connected by a ramp. The LMSR model was attached to a carriage in a rectangular wave-making basin. The results presented in this paper were conducted at a simulated Sea-State 4 and model speed of 0.372 m/s. The results were in reasonable agreement in pitch and roll where the instrument calibration uncertainties were between ±0.19° and ±0.67°, while the manufacturer’s specification is ±1.0°. Heave was measured near the stern by the optical system. The uncertainty in the correction to the center of gravity is estimated to be ±17 mm for the LMSR in comparison to the direct measurement of heave by a string pot at the cg, where the calibration uncertainty was ±1.3 mm.© 2011 ASME
Transient recovery of a-Si:H p-i-n photodiodes

We analyze the bipolar operation of an a-Si:H p-i-n photodiode in isolation and connected to a load. A square-wave voltage was applied to this circuit, alternately reverse and forward biasing the photodiode. We investigate the positive transient, during which double-injection, dominated by electron transport, is in evidence initially and disappears as the voltage across the photodiode decays. Because of double-injection, the current, and hence the charging time of the load capacitance, does not depend upon the carrier concentration of the intrinsic layer.
A modified method for the isolation of the plasma membrane from rat liver

A modified method for the isolation of the plasma membrane from rat liver has been developed. The concentration of Ca2+ and the degree of the homogenizing medium are critical factors in obtaining membranes in high yield and with high activity of the characteristic plasma membrane enzymes. The purity of the membranes was also checked by electron microscopy. Chemical analyses of the membranes are given.
Mechanisms of Nonexponential Relaxation in Supercooled Glucose Solutions: the Role of Water Facilitation

Concentrated sugar solutions are prototypical glass formers with a wide application in food technology and cyropreservation, but the microscopic mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure. To uncover these microscopic details, we study the structure and dynamics of binary glucose−water mixtures by means of atomistic and coarse grain molecular dynamics simulations. From atomistic simulations, we find that water in glucose forms extended clusters that percolate above a water concentration of ∼18 wt % at T = 340 K. This percolation threshold and structure is very well reproduced with a coarse grain model even though it lacks of directional interactions. Using the coarse grain model, we present a detailed study of the translational dynamics of the 12.2 wt % water mixture in the temperature range T/T_g = 1.5−1.05 and for times up to 0.65 μs. These coarse grain studies lead to a glass transition temperature of 239 ± 25 K in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 240 K. The water diffusion coefficient obtained from these calculations has an activation energy of 35−38 kJ/mol, which compares very well with the 31 kJ/mol obtained experimentally for the 25 wt % water−glucose mixture. Both water and glucose show nonexponential relaxation, although the nonexponentiallity is more pronounced for water. We find that water diffusion in supercooled glucose proceeds by two mechanisms: (i) continuous diffusion and (ii) discrete jumps on the order of 3 A. The contribution of the jump mechanism increases with supercooling. On the other hand, the continuous diffusion component of water diffusion decreases at lower temperatures until it becomes negligible for T < 1.2T_g. At this point rare jump events with characteristic times above 10 ns are the only mechanism of water relaxation. The decrease of the extent of the continuous diffusion to water mobility with lowering temperatures is associated with the freezing of the sugar matrix. In the deep supercooled regime, at T/T_g = 1.05 water moves in an almost translationally frozen glucose matrix, and displays a broad distribution of waiting times between jumps. Contrary to water, the mechanism of glucose translation does not involve big jumps even at the lowest temperatures analyzed. Rather the center of mass of the glucose molecules translate through a continuous diffusion mechanism with a distribution of characteristic times. We analyze the mobility of water molecules as a function of the water−water connectivity and find that the mobility of the water molecules increases with their water coordination. The lower the temperature the more important the effect of water coordination in water mobility. The distribution of mobilities associated with different water local environments constitutes a structural contribution to the heterogeneous, nonexponential dynamics in the binary mixture.
A psychoanalytic view of sleep.

The basic psychoanalytic contributions to theories of sleep, awakening, falling asleep and the sleep wakefulness continuum are briefly discussed. Some clinical material illustrates the psychopathology underlying sleep occurring during the psychoanalytic session.
Model selection: some generalized distributions

Many models have been used to represent the distributions of random variables in statistics, engineering, business, and the physical and social science. This paper considers two, four-parameter generalized bea distributions that include nearly all the models actually used as special or limiting cases. Properties and the interrelationships among these distributions are considered. Expressions are reported that facilitate parameter estimation and the analysis of associated means, variances, hazard functions and other distributional characteristics. Estimation procedures corresponding to different data types are considered. Maximum likelihood estimation is used and the value of the likelihood function provides and important criterion for model selection. The relative performance of the various models is compared for several data sets.
Elevated levels of RhoA in the optic nerve head of human eyes with glaucoma.

PURPOSE To determine changes in the expression profile of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK-1 and ROCK-2) in the aqueous humor outflow pathway and optic nerve head (ONH) of human eyes with or without glaucoma to explore their potential involvement in glaucoma pathophysiology. METHODS Age-matched paraffin-embedded postmortem eyes from patients with or without glaucoma were stained immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies raised against RhoA, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2. The intensity of the immunostaining in the aqueous humor outflow pathway and the ONH was graded by 4 individuals who were masked concerning whether the eyes were from normal individuals or those with glaucoma. RESULTS Both normal eyes and those with glaucoma showed a positive staining for RhoA, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2 in the trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle, and ONH. There was a significant increase in the RhoA protein levels in the glaucomatous ONH compared with the age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of RhoA in the ONH of glaucomatous eyes suggest possible involvement of RhoA in the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
Arctic palaeosalinities during late Cainozoic time

DURING the late Cainozoic, alternations between interglacial and glacial conditions, manifested by waning and waxing of continental ice sheets coincided with the rise and fall of seawater temperatures. Our palaeontological and oxygen isotope data indicate that although the major oceans and low latititude seas underwent large temperature variations, ∼ 5–10 °C, Arctic water temperatures remained near freezing point for at least the past 3 Myr, the time interval represented by the longest studied cores. We have determined palaeotemperatures from the ratio of left to right coiling Globigerina pachyderma1–3 and calculated palaeosalinities using the oxygen isotope palaeotemperature expression of Epstein et al.4.
Clinical applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Abstract We review here the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probes to chromosome classification and to detection of changes in chromosome number or structure associated with genetic disease. Information is presented on probe types that are available for disease detection. We discuss the application of these probes to detection of numerical aberration important for prenatal diagnosis and to detection and characterization of numerical and structural aberrations in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei to facilitate tumor diagnosis.
Thin Films of n-Si/Poly-(CH3)3Si-Cyclooctatetraene: Conducting-Polymer Solar Cells and Layered Structures

The optical and electronic properties of thin films of the solution-processible polymer poly-(CH(3))(3)Si-cyclooctatetraene are presented. This conjugated polymer is based on a polyacetylene backbone with (CH(3))(3)Si side groups. Thin transparent films have been cast onto n-doped silicon (n-Si) substrates and doped with iodine to form surfacebarrier solar cells. The devices produce photovoltages that are at the theoretical limit and that are much greater than can be obtained from n-Si contacts with conventional metals. Two methods for forming layered polymeric materials, one involving the spincoating of preformed polymers and the other comprising the sequential polymerization of different monomers, are also described. An organic polymer analog of a metal/insulator/metal capacitor has been constructed with the latter method.
Magma-reservoir crystallization processes: small-scale dikes in cumulate gabbros, Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawaii

Gabbroic xenoliths that represent cumulate environments within Mauna Kea Volcano are, in rare examples, penetrated by small-scale (<7 cm) dikes. We examined four dike/host composite xenoliths to establish how this evidence for magma seemingly injected into cumulate gabbro fits into the evolution of igneous processes in shield volcano magma reservoirs. Olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase compositions in both host gabbros and dikes are characteristically tholeiitic and evolved (Fo71–66, cpx-Mg # 79–77, An72–51) with respect to Hawaiian magmatism. Dikes, however, when compared with their host gabbros, have slightly greater abundances of some incompatible elements and slightly more evolved olivine compositions (e.g., Fo68 vs Fo71). Compared with Mauna Kea lava compositions, both host gabbros and dikes have lower incompatible-element abundances, positive Eu anomalies, and, notable for dikes, major-element compositions unlike those of lavas (e.g., SiO2<46 wt.%). The small-scale dikes, therefore, also have cumulate characteristics. We interpret them as representing late-stage liquids (e.g., <5 wt.% MgO, based on <Fo70) "squeezed" from solidifying cumulus piles of evolved (e.g., ∼Fo70) gabbroic assemblages. The compositions of the dikes, however, do not match those of the most evolved liquids expected in reservoirs because they appear to have lost interstitial liquids (e.g., positive Eu anomalies, low abundances of some trace elements). Because minerals in the dikes were in equilibrium with highly evolved liquids, conditions for small-scale dike formation in cumulate environments apparently occur only at the last stages of reservoir magma differentiation and solidification.
Cytostatic versus Cytocidal Activities of Chloroquine Analogues and Inhibition of Hemozoin Crystal Growth

ABSTRACT We report an improved, nonhazardous, high-throughput assay for in vitro quantification of antimalarial drug inhibition of β-hematin (hemozoin) crystallization performed under conditions that are more physiological relative to previous assays. The assay uses the differential detergent solubility of crystalline and noncrystalline forms of heme and is optimized via the use of lipid catalyst. Using this assay, we quantify the effect of pH on the crystal growth-inhibitory activities of current quinoline antimalarials, evaluate the catalytic efficiencies of different lipids, and test for a possible correlation between hemozoin inhibition by drugs versus their antiplasmodial activity. Consistent with several previous reports, we found a good correlation between hemozoin inhibition potency versus cytostatic antiplasmodial potency (50% inhibitory concentration) for a series of chloroquine (CQ) analogues. However, we found no correlation between hemozoin inhibition potency and cytocidal antiplasmodial potency (50% lethal dose) for the same drugs, suggesting that cellular targets for these two layers of 4-aminoquinoline drug activity differ. This important concept is also explored further for QN and its stereoisomers in the accompanying paper (A. P. Gorka, K. S. Sherlach, A. C. de Dios, and P. D. Roepe, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57:365–374, 2013).
Shape-induced oscillation of exchange bias in the Co nanopillar with lateraloxidation

A modified Monte Carlo Metropolis method is performed to simulate the hysteresis loops of a laterally oxidized Co nanopillar with an excised arc or an inclined circular plane. At low temperature after field cooling, an oscillatory exchange bias is observed with excised length or angle of inclination. However, the behaviors of coercivity exhibit a monotonous decrease with excision but an oscillation with tilt. The phenomena are intriguing and corroborated by means of the microscopic spin configurations and the magnetization reversal mechanisms. The occurrence of oscillatory exchange bias in such a Co/CoO composite nanopillar with direct exchange couplings is mainly because of the shape inducement in the nanopillar, which results in the energy fluctuations of interfacial coupling and the nonuniformity of domain distribution.
Institutional versus retail trades following financial restatements: The effect of Sarbanes-Oxley

Abstract Regulators have expressed concern that the growing number and size of financial restatements, especially since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), confuse investors and erode confidence in the capital markets. Given the investor protection goal of SOX, of particular concern is the relative accuracy with which retail investors process and trade on the information contained in restatement announcements. In this paper, we adopt a market based approach and examine the accuracy of the trading behavior of retail and institutional investors conditioned upon accounting restatement announcements, both prior- and subsequent to the passage of SOX. We find that retail investors engaged in more inaccurate (i.e., potentially loss-making) trades in the post-SOX period than in the pre-SOX period. In contrast, the accuracy (i.e., conditional profit potential) of institutional investors’ trades does not show any significant difference between the pre- and post-SOX regimes. Thus, we document that retail (but not institutional) investors processed post-SOX restatements more inaccurately than pre-SOX restatements.
RENAL TUBULAR TRANSPORT OF PARACETAMOL AND ITS CONJUGATES IN THE DOG

1 The renal tubular transport of paracetamol and its conjugates was investigated with renal clearance and stop flow studies in the dog. Paracetamol is sparingly bound to plasma proteins and therefore undergoes glomerular filtration. It is reabosrbed in the renal tubules by simple diffusion. 2 The conjugates of paracetamol, the sulphate and the glucuronide, both undergo glomerular filtration being weakly protein bound. At low concentrations in plasma both compounds are secreted by an active transport process. At higher concentrations both compounds are reabsorbed. Clearances are not dependent on urinary pH or flow rate. It is concluded that reabsorption is not a passive process but that there is an active bidirectional transport of the conjugates. 3 Net tubular secretion of the sulphate, but not the glucuronide, conjugate was inhibited by the administration of probenecid.
Zonation by size of the pacific mole crab, Hippa pacifica dana (Crustacea:Anomura:Hippidae), in hawaii

Abstract The Pacific mole crab, Hippa pacifica Dana, demonstrates zonation by size on Hawaiian beaches, with small (carapace length
Tight-binding model with intra-atomic matrix elements.

We present a tight-binding model for silicon which incorporates two-center intra-atomic parameters. The model is fitted to density-functional-theory band structures for silicon in the diamond structure over a number of volumes. It is shown that with only a two-center, orthogonal basis, reasonable total energies can be obtained for many different structures. Thus it eliminates the need to use structure-dependent terms in the total-energy model.
Land rehabilitation success in the Yazoo basin, USA☆

Abstract A combination of forest clearance, cultivation, fragile soil, steep slopes and high rainfall led to erosion, sedimentfilled channels, frequent flooding and land abandonment in the 1.7 million ha uplands of the Yazoo river basin in northern Mississippi. A prosperous agricultural economy collapsed into extreme poverty in less than 100 years. In 1947 federal legislation initiated a rehabilitation programme. Its major objectives were achieved by 1985. Afforestation of severely eroded, privately owned lands greatly reduced sediment yields and flooding and created a tremendous timber resource. This article describes the rehabilitation programme, the research that established the beneficial impacts of afforestation, and the current status of the area.