cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking Anthocyanin Diversity, Hue, And Genetics In Purple Corn

While maize with anthocyanin-rich pericarp (purple corn) is rising in popularity as a source of natural colorant for foods and beverages, information on color range and stability--factors associated with anthocyanin decorations and compositional profiles--are currently limited. Using the natural anthocyanin diversity present in a purple corn landrace, Apache Red, we generated a population with variable flavonoid profiles--flavonol-anthocyanin condensed forms (0-83%), acylated anthocyanins (2-72%), pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins (5-99%), and C-glycosyl flavone co-pigments up to 1904 {micro}g/g--all of which contributed in part to the absorbance profile, used here as a proxy for hue. This variability offers targets of selection for breeders looking to expand both stability and the available range of colors that can be sourced from purple corn. With genotyping-by-sequencing of this population we mapped these anthocyanin profile traits. Major QTL for anthocyanin type were found near loci previously identified only in aleurone-pigmented maize varieties [Purple aleurone1 (Pr1) and Anthocyanin acyltransferase1 (Aat1)]. A QTL near P1 (Pericarp color1) was found for both flavone content and flavanol-anthocyanin condensed forms. A significant QTL associated with peonidin-derived anthocyanins near a candidate S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase was also identified, warranting further investigation. This population represents the most anthocyanin diverse pericarp-pigmented maize variety characterized to date. Moreover, the candidates identified here will serve as branching points for future research studying the genetic and molecular processes determining anthocyanin profile in pericarp.
State Transition Regulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Photosynthetic organisms often face fluctuations in light quality and quantity. Green plants and algae have built-in mechanisms that allow them to adapt to such changes. One strategy involves modulating the activities of the two photosystems, PSI and PSII, through a reallocation of some of the light
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings in surgically-naïve obese vs non-obese children.

Abstract Objective To determine if drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings are different in obese versus non-obese pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods Prospective, observational cohort study from June 2017 to June 2018 at a tertiary academic pediatric medical center that included surgically-naive children ages 2–12 with diagnoses of OSA or sleep-disordered breathing. Subjects with a known diagnosis of craniofacial syndromes, genetic disorders, prior adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, or chronic tonsillitis as the indication for surgery were excluded. Two groups were assessed for patterns of obstruction based on DISE videos at each anatomic airway level using a previously published DISE scoring system. The groups included obese subjects (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) and non-obese controls (BMI Results Fifty-one patients were included, 26 non-obese and 25 obese. Based on anatomic airway level, there was no statistically significant difference in airway obstruction at the velum (p = 0.134), adenoid (p = 0.592), lateral pharyngeal walls (p = 0.867), tongue base (p = 0.977), or supraglottis (p = 0.428) between obese and non-obese children. Conclusion Our prospective study did not associate severity of obstruction with obesity status based on anatomic airway levels. Further studies are needed to elucidate the etiology of the high rate of persistent obstructive sleep apnea in obese children.
Self-Regulation Without Force: Can Awareness Leverage Reward to Drive Behavior Change?:

To reach longer-term goals and live aligned with their values, people typically must regulate their behavior. Effortful self-control is one way to achieve this and is usually framed as a forceful struggle between lower-level impulses and higher-level cognitive control processes. For example, people may restrain themselves from eating cake in order to lose weight. An alternative avenue of self-regulation draws on autonomous motivation: Individuals eat healthfully because it is values-congruent or intrinsically satisfying. Recent advances in the understanding of reward valuation on a neural level (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex) and emerging treatments on a clinical level (e.g., mindfulness training) suggest a possible mechanistic convergence between brain and behavior that is consistent with a shift from forced to unforced behavior change. Here we propose how an overlooked aspect of reinforcement learning can be leveraged using a simple yet critical feature of experience that is not reliant on willpower: Bringing awareness to one's subjective experience and behavior can produce a change in valuation of learned but unhealthy behaviors, leading to self-regulatory shifts that result in sustainable behavior change without force.
Bridging Theory and Practice on a Budget: A model for delivering practical knowledge through partnership with an on-campus facility

Presented in this Research to Practice Work in Progress paper is a model for utilizing on-campus facilities to cost-effectively incorporate impactful, experiential learning into the engineering curriculum. Within the engineering curriculum, courses designed for hands-on engineering practice traditionally utilize benchtop educational units; whereas, real-world experiences are proven to promote more impactful active participation; developing the notoriously difficult to teach traits desired by industry such as critical thinking, troubleshooting ability, and foundational soft skills. Unfortunately, the purchase, setup, and maintenance of large, pilot-scale units within a teaching laboratory is often not feasible due to increased financial requirements.This article specifically highlights the development and implementation of a partnership with Tulane University’s Power Plant as part of the junior-level Unit Operations Laboratory in the Chemical Engineering curriculum. The Power Plant experiments presented here are relevant to a wide range of engineering disciplines, and the general proof of concept is broadly applicable. Equipment available at the University’s Power Plant includes a large-scale co-generation unit, chillers, water purification system, and cooling towers; with associated experiments demonstrating practical applications of heat and momentum transfer, engineering economics, process control, unit operation optimization, and collection and analysis of data from the field and control room floor. This was also the first opportunity for many students to interact with plant operators and engineers—exposing them to practical skills, fostering teamwork, managerial skills, and communication.Student self-assessment of ABET student outcomes showed an increased level of attainment after implementation of the Power Plant experience. These results support the need to provide students with real-world laboratory modules to increase attainment of knowledge and enhance the overall engineering education experience. The partnership demonstrated here achieves this without the burden of additional expenditure: providing students with a unique opportunity to step outside of the lab and work with full-scale industrial equipment on-campus. Moving forward it would be of interest to transition the entire UO Lab experience over to multiple real-world facilities.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Color-Coded Maps: An Alternative to Tractography.

INTRODUCTION White matter tracts can be observed using tractograms generated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, the dependence of these white matter tract images on subjective variables, including how seed points are placed and the preferred level of fractional anisotropy, introduces interobserver inconsistency and potential lack of reliability. We propose that color-coded maps (CCM) generated from DTI can be a preferred method for the visualization of important white matter tracts, circumventing bias in preoperative brain tumor resection planning. METHODS DTI was acquired retrospectively in 25 patients with brain tumors. Lesions included 15 tumors of glial origin, 9 metastatic tumors, 2 meningiomas, and 1 cavernous angioma. Tractograms of the pyramidal tract and/or optic radiations, based on tumor location, were created by marking seed regions of interest using known anatomical locations. We compared the degree of tract involvement and white matter alteration between CCMs and tractograms. Neurological outcomes were obtained from chart reviews. RESULTS The pyramidal tract was evaluated in 20/25 patients, the visual tracts were evaluated in 10/25, and both tracts were evaluated in 5/25. In 19/25 studies, the same patterns of white matter alternations were found between the CCMs and tractograms. In the 6 patients where patterns differed, 2 tractograms were not useful in determining pattern alteration; in the remaining 4/6, no practical difference was seen in comparing the studies. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients were neurologically improved or remained intact after intervention. In these, 10 of the 13 patients showed tumor-induced white matter tract displacement on CCM. Twelve patients had no improvement of their preoperative deficit. In 9 of these 12 patients, CCM showed white matter disruption. CONCLUSION CCMs provide a convenient, practical, and objective method of visualizing white matter tracts, obviating the need for potentially subjective and time-consuming tractography. CCMs are at least as reliable as tractograms in predicting neurological outcomes after neurosurgical intervention.
A phenotypic risk score for predicting mortality in sickle cell disease.

Risk assessment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains challenging as it depends on an individual physician's experience and ability to integrate a variety of test results. We aimed to provide a new risk score that combines clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. In a prospective cohort of 600 adult patients with SCD, we assessed the relationship of 70 baseline covariates to all-cause mortality. Random survival forest and regularised Cox regression machine learning (ML) methods were used to select top predictors. Multivariable models and a risk score were developed and internally validated. Over a median follow-up of 4·3 years, 131 deaths were recorded. Multivariable models were developed using nine independent predictors of mortality: tricuspid regurgitant velocity, estimated right atrial pressure, mitral E velocity, left ventricular septal thickness, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, heart rate and age. Our prognostic risk score had superior performance with a bias-corrected C-statistic of 0·763. Our model stratified patients into four groups with significantly different 4-year mortality rates (3%, 11%, 35% and 75% respectively). Using readily available variables from patients with SCD, we applied ML techniques to develop and validate a mortality risk scoring method that reflects the summation of cardiopulmonary, renal and liver end-organ damage. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT#00011648.
A six-octave optical frequency comb from a scalable few-cycle erbium fibre laser

A coherent, compact and robust light source with coverage from the ultraviolet to the infrared is desirable for heterodyne super-resolution imaging1, broadband infrared microscopy2, protein structure determination3 and standoff trace-gas detection4. To address these demanding problems, frequency combs5 combine absolute frequency accuracy with sub-femtosecond timing and waveform control to enable high-resolution, high-speed and broadband spectroscopy6–9. Here we demonstrate a scalable source of near-single-cycle pulses from robust and low-noise erbium fibre (Er:fibre) technology. With a peak power of 0.56 MW we generate a comb spanning six octaves, from the ultraviolet (350 nm) to the mid-infrared (22,500 nm), achieving a resolving power of 1010 across 0.86 PHz of bandwidth. Second-order nonlinearities in LiNbO3, GaSe and CdSiP2 provide phase-stable infrared ultrashort pulses with simultaneous brightness exceeding a synchrotron10, while cascaded nonlinearities in LiNbO3 yield four octaves simultaneously (0.350–5.6 μm). We anticipate that these advances will be enabling for basic and applied spectroscopy, microscopy and phase-sensitive nonlinear optics. Ultralow-noise erbium:fibre comb technology allows the generation of a comb spanning six octaves, from the ultraviolet (350 nm) to the mid-infrared (22,500 nm), with a resolving power of 1010 across 0.86 PHz of bandwidth.
Utilization of an Omental J-Flap in Complex Gynecological Surgeries

Objective: The goal of this research was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of performing pedicled omental J-flap omentoplasty in gynecologic patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective obse...
Parathyroid Gland Autofluorescence Characteristics in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Objective Near-infrared imaging for intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) detection has recently commanded significant attention. The PTeye (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is a probe-based system for near-infrared autofluorescent evaluation of PGs. This study was designed to evaluate the capabilities of the PTeye in the setting of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Study design Prospective, Cohort study. Methods This single-institution, prospective cohort study included all patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism with presumed single gland disease from June 2020 to December 2020. Absolute intensity and intensity ratios, with the thyroid as the control tissue, were obtained for the adenoma, ipsilateral normal PG, and adjacent tissue. The ability of the PTeye to function when not in direct contact with tissue was measured. Results Twenty-two patients were included. The median intensity ratio for the in situ adenomas was 4.38 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.03-5.87), ipsilateral normal PGs 6.17 (IQR: 3.83-7.67), strap muscle 0.47 (IQR: 0.30-0.60), and fat 0.20 (IQR: 0.17-0.47). All normal PGs and 21/22 adenomas demonstrated autofluorescence above the detection threshold. The PTeye functioned at a maximum distance of separation of 10 mm through saline medium and 6 mm through clear solid medium. Conclusion This study confirms the PTeye's ability to recognize PGs with a high degree of precision. The device was found to function properly even with the probe not in direct contact with the tissue. Although adenomatous PGs appear to demonstrate altered autofluorescent properties from normal PGs, additional research is required to determine if these differences are clinically useful. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Republication of “Principles of effective course design: What I wish I had known about learning-centered teaching 30 years ago”:

Ten years ago, after 20 years as a university professor, I was asked to direct the teaching and learning support center at my university. I quickly realized I had almost no knowledge of the publish...
Autotransplants in multiple myeloma: what have we learned?

Of 496 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma (MM) enrolled in clinical trials of tandem transplants with peripheral blood stem cells support, 470 (95%) completed the first autotransplant with melphalan 200 mg/m2 (MEL 200) and 363 (73%) completed the second transplant with either MEL 200 (40%), MEL 140 mg/m2 (MEL 140) with total-body irradiation (17%), or a combination of alkylating agents (16%), depending on the response status prior to the second transplant; 31 patients up to age 60 years received an allograft as the second transplant. The median interval from first to second transplant was 5 months. Treatment-related mortality during the first year after transplantation was 7%, and complete remission (CR) was obtained in 36%; the median durations of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) after transplant were 26 and 41 months, respectively. Low beta 2-microglobulin ([B2M] < or = 2.5 mg/L) and C-reactive protein ([CRP] < or = 0.4 mg/dL) were the most significant standard parameters associated with both prolonged EFS and OS. Median OS exceeded 5.5 years in the one third of patients with both low B2M and CRP. When cytogenetics were included in the analysis, the presence of 11q abnormalities and/or complete or partial deletion of chromosome 13 (“unfavorable karyotype”) became a dominant negative feature for both EFS and OS. In addition to these pretransplant parameters, attainment of CR and application of two transplants within 6 months both significantly extended EFS and OS. The group of patients (7%) with high B2M and CRP with either IgA isotype or unfavorable karyotype had the worst prognosis (EFS, < or = 10 months; median OS, < or = 12 months) and will require novel therapy. We conclude that tandem transplants are feasible in the majority of patients up to age 70 years, effecting CR in one third of all patients. Median OS was greater than 5.5 years, regardless of pretransplant features, if the first transplant was applied within 12 months of initial treatment and the second transplant no more than 6 months later.
Reconstitution, identification, purification, and immunological characterization of the 110-kDa Na+/Ca2+ antiporter from beef heart mitochondria

The mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ antiporter plays a key role in the physiological regulation of intramitochondrial Ca2+, which in turn attunes mitochondrial enzymes to the changing demands of the cell for ATP. We have now purified the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter from beef heart mitochondria by assaying detergent-solubilized chromatography fractions for reconstitutive activity. Na+ and Ca2+ transport were assayed using the fluorescent probes, sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate and Fura-2, respectively. This approach enabled us to identify Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity with a 110-kDa inner membrane protein that catalyzed Na(+)-dependent Ca2+ transport and Ca(2+)-dependent Na+ transport. A new finding was that the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter also catalyzed Na+/Li+ exchange in the absence of Ca2+. All modes of transport were electroneutral and were inhibited by diltiazem and tetraphenylphosphonium cation. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies to the 110-kDa protein inhibited Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Li+ exchange in the reconstituted system and recognized 110-kDa proteins in mitochondrial membranes isolated from rat heart, liver, and kidney.
Physics and applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers

Summary form only given. In this talk we will discuss current models of semiconductor optical amplifier gain dynamics and nonlinear effects. Performance, limitations and applications of these amplifiers in optical communications systems will be presented.
What attributes are necessary to be selected for an Orthopaedic surgery residency position: Perceptions of faculty and residents

Orthopaedic surgery has an extremely competitive residency selection process. The authors discuss which attributes of an orthopaedic surgery residency applicant are the most important in obtaining a position. A comparison of applicants' opinions to those of faculty was also done. Anonymous questionnaires were filled out by orthopaedic surgery residency applicants and faculty orthopaedists at teaching institutions. The most important attributes to obtaining a residency were performance on a local rotation (extern-ship), class rank, and interview performance according to faculty. Applicants thought performance on local rotation, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores, and letters of recommendation were the three most important. Both groups ranked research participation, gender, and race as the three least important attributes.
Optical storage media data integrity studies

Optical disk-based information systems are being used in private industry and many Federal Government agencies for on-line and long-term storage of large quantities of data. The storage devices that are part of these systems are designed with powerful, but not unlimited, media error correction capacities. The integrity of data stored on optical disks does not only depend on the life expectancy specifications for the medium. Different factors, including handling and storage conditions, may result in an increase of medium errors in size and frequency. Monitoring the potential data degradation is crucial, especially for long term applications. Efforts are being made by the Association for Information and Image Management Technical Committee C21, Storage Devices and Applications, to specify methods for monitoring and reporting to the user medium errors detected by the storage device while writing, reading or verifying the data stored in that medium. The Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) of the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) has a leadership role in the development of these standard techniques. In addition, CSL is researching other data integrity issues, including the investigation of error-resilient compression algorithms. NIST has conducted care and handling experiments on optical disk media with the objective of identifying possible causes of degradation. NIST work in data integrity and related standards activities is described.
Now is our time: The 1991 AANS presidential address

✓ The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) in his presidential address discussed the challenges faced by neurosurgery today. He stressed three essentials to meeting the future: an effective and introspective organization; ample participation by the membership of the specialty; and a plan. He defined some of the problems before neurosurgery and the strategic planning process that has been undertaken during his presidency.
Pet Ownership and Health

The relationship between naturally occurring pet ownership and health, both physical and mental, is reviewed. Key methodological issues are discussed at the outset and the emphasis of the review is on recent literature. Collectively, the body of work is inconsistent, with some studies showing profound benefits of pet ownership, some showing no advantage, and others demonstrating poorer health outcomes among pet owners relative to non-owners. What may be most useful to researchers and practitioners at this juncture is not whether pet ownership facilitates good health, but under what circumstances might pet ownership facilitate it. Accordingly, this review describes some of the circumstances in which pet ownership appears to act as a moderator variable in regard to health, and incorporates theoretical approaches that provide a context for understanding the relationship. Recommendations for future research include focusing on quality of life, recruiting ethnically diverse samples, and enlarging the policy applications of the work.
Across Space and Time: Social Responses to Large-Scale Biophysical Systems

The conceptual rubric of ecosystem management has been widely discussed and deliberated in conservation biology, environmental policy, and land/resource management. In this paper, I argue that two critical aspects of the ecosystem management concept require greater attention in policy and practice. First, although emphasis has been placed on the “space” of systems, the “time”—or rates of change—associated with biophysical and social systems has received much less consideration. Second, discussions of ecosystem management have often neglected the temporal disconnects between changes in biophysical systems and the response of social systems to management issues and challenges. The empirical basis of these points is a case study of the “Crown of the Continent Ecosystem,” an international transboundary area of the Rocky Mountains that surrounds Glacier National Park (USA) and Waterton Lakes National Park (Canada). This project assessed the experiences and perspectives of 1) middle- and upper-level government managers responsible for interjurisdictional cooperation, and 2) environmental nongovernment organizations with an international focus. I identify and describe 10 key challenges to increasing the extent and intensity of transboundary cooperation in land/resource management policy and practice. These issues are discussed in terms of their political, institutional, cultural, information-based, and perceptual elements. Analytic techniques include a combination of environmental history, semistructured interviews with 48 actors, and text analysis in a systematic qualitative framework. The central conclusion of this work is that the rates of response of human social systems must be better integrated with the rates of ecological change. This challenge is equal to or greater than the well-recognized need to adapt the spatial scale of human institutions to large-scale ecosystem processes and transboundary wildlife.
Computational insights into the mechanism of radical generation in B12-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.

ONIOM calculations have provided novel insights into the mechanism of homolytic Co−C5‘ bond cleavage in the 5‘-deoxyadenosylcobalamin cofactor catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. We have shown that it is a stepwise process in which conformational changes in the 5‘-deoxyadenosine moiety precede the actual homolysis step. In the transition state structure for homolysis, the Co−C5‘ bond elongates by ∼0.5 A from the value found in the substrate-bound reactant complex. The overall barrier to homolysis is ∼10 kcal/mol, and the radical products are ∼2.5 kcal/mol less stable than the initial ternary complex of enzyme, substrate, and cofactor. The movement of the deoxyadenosine moiety during the homolysis step positions the resulting 5‘-deoxyadenosyl radical for the subsequent hydrogen atom transfer from the substrate, methylmalonyl-CoA.
Dependence of the dynamics of the transient thermal lens effect on the polarization of the heating laser pulse

Abstract The rates of build-up and relaxation of the transient thermal defocusing lens effect induced by single pulses of a Nd:YAG laser operated in the fixed- Q TEM 00 mode were investigated in pure benzene, water, chloroform and nitrobenzene at an ambient temperature of 23.5 °C. Only a negligibly small lens effect was observed in carbon tetrachloride. If a linearly polarized heating pulse is used, both the rise and the relaxation of the effect are faster, although the magnitude is smaller, than obtained with non-polarized pulses of the same energy and pulse shape. The difference is caused by the alignment of induced dipoles by the linearly polarized pulse.
Ion selectivity of proteins: lessons from molecular dynamics simulations on valinomycin

In the introduction to the recent JGP series Perspectives on: Ion selectivity, [Andersen (2011)][1] notes that present theoretical models do not yet deal fully with the energetic consequences of the known flexibility of ion binding sites in proteins (how changes in flexibility alter the ion
Giant Magnetostriction in Dysprosium and Holmium Single Crystals

Magnetostriction along the axes in Dy and Ho was measured in magnetic fields up to 26 kgauss and parallel to the plane of the metal disks. Maximum linear strains ( DELTA l/l) of 7500 x 10/sup -6/and 3500 x 10/sup -6/ were observed for Dy and Ho, respectively. Strain dependence on magnetic field strength for both metals has a striking resemblance in shape to the magnetization data for the metals. The dependence of the strain on the direction of the applied field shows marked departures from the pure sin/sup 2/ theta dependence. (D.C.W.)
Articulatory mediation of speech perception: a causal analysis of multi-modal imaging data.

Abstract The inherent confound between the organization of articulation and the acoustic–phonetic structure of the speech signal makes it exceptionally difficult to evaluate the competing claims of motor and acoustic–phonetic accounts of how listeners recognize coarticulated speech. Here we use Granger causation analyzes of high spatiotemporal resolution neural activation data derived from the integration of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography, to examine the role of lexical and articulatory mediation in listeners’ ability to use phonetic context to compensate for place assimilation. Listeners heard two-word phrases such as pen pad and then saw two pictures, from which they had to select the one that depicted the phrase. Assimilation, lexical competitor environment and the phonological validity of assimilation context were all manipulated. Behavioral data showed an effect of context on the interpretation of assimilated segments. Analysis of 40 Hz gamma phase locking patterns identified a large distributed neural network including 16 distinct regions of interest (ROIs) spanning portions of both hemispheres in the first 200 ms of post-assimilation context. Granger analyzes of individual conditions showed differing patterns of causal interaction between ROIs during this interval, with hypothesized lexical and articulatory structures and pathways driving phonetic activation in the posterior superior temporal gyrus in assimilation conditions, but not in phonetically unambiguous conditions. These results lend strong support for the motor theory of speech perception, and clarify the role of lexical mediation in the phonetic processing of assimilated speech.
Effects of fluorescence and water Raman scattering on models of remote-sensing reflectance

The modeling of oceanic remote sensing reflectance typically employs absorption and scattering parameters for the various constituents present in marine waters. Trans-spectral light sources such as fluorescence and Raman scattering are not generally parameterized in these models. Bioluminescence is not considered to be a significant contributor to water-leaving radiance measurements obtained mid-day, and has not been included in the models either. In this paper we present evidence of effects due to these three phenomena by comparing model results to remote sensing reflectances measured at several stations during the 1988 California Coastal Transition Zone (CTZ) Experiment. Differences between modeled and measured Rrs(A) values are discussed from the perspective of in-situ light source contributions.
An Examination of Preservice Teachers' Intentions to Pursue Careers in Special Education.

An understanding of one’s intention to pursue a career related to special education is crucial yet there is limited research in this area. This study examined factors that influence teacher candida...
The presence of ingested cottonseed protein in woman's milk

Abstract 1.1. By means of the passive transfer technique the presence of cotton-seed antigen was definitely demonstrated in the breast milk of seven mothers of the twenty-four studied. In five the results were doubtful, in twelve they were negative. 2.2. Milk specimens taken in six cases during the first two hours after the ingestion of the cottonseed meal contained little or no antigen. 3.3. Milk specimens obtained in eighteen cases from two and one-half to twenty-four hours after the test meal gave definitely positive results in seven (39 per cent) and doubtful results in four cases (22 per cent). 4.4. Donnally's findings that egg white ingested by the nursing mother can be demonstrated in her milk by means of the passive transfer technique have been duplicated with cottonseed.
Chemical short-range order in dense random-packed models

We used a dense random-packed model of an amorphous alloy to calculate the partial correlation functions, which in turn were used to derive the radial distribution functions, the Bathia-Thorton number-concentration fluctuations and the partial interference functions. We applied the model to amorphous Ni35Zr65 using atomic radii of 1.10 and 1.58 A for nickel and zirconium respectively. We included chemical short-range order (CSRO) in the model by permuting nickel-zirconium nearest-neighbor atom pairs in response to a decrease in the enthalpy of the alloy. The permutations decreased the Warren-Cowley order parameter from zero to −0.038, a value in good agreement with the measured value of −0.040. The increase in CSRO is accompanied by the appearance of a peak in the partial interference function INi-Ni(K) at K = 1.9 A−1. The peak is similar in form to the socalled prepeak commonly observed in rapidly quenched binary amorphous alloys containing nickel and is located at the same value of K. We tentatively atribute the increase in CSRO and the appearance of the prepeak in INi-Ni(K) to the formation of double tetrahedra with three zirconium atoms at the base and two nickel atoms at the apices.
A wide range permeameter for use in rock physics

Appareil concu a partir de 1981 pour mesurer 8 ordres de grandeur de permeabilite sous pression elevee de confinement. Capacite depuis 10 −22 m 2 a 10 −14 m 2 , pour des pressions jusqu'a 200 MPa. Possibilite de mesurer les changements de volume interstitiel
Use of systems analysis and management systems in project planning and evaluation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to illustrate possible relationships which can exist between the techniques of systems analysis and management information systems as they might be employed in the planning of an educational project and management control of the project during the operational phase. Systems analysis employs a principle of disassembly to determine the unit elements which make up the total system. Using this principle, the essential elements of a project can be delineated which lead to the accomplishment of the project objective. The result of this step is essentially the same as the first step in the application of management systems which is that of project definition. Within the PERT technique, this step is normally identified as the work breakdown structure. Based upon the project definition phase, the network is then constructed which is basically a synthesis of the elements identified through the principle of disassembly but where the elements are now sequenced with their necessary interrelationships and dependencies and placed within a time frame for management control.
Vibration of Homogeneous and Composite Thick Barrel Shells

This paper presents a vibration analysis for homogeneous and laminated composite deep, thick barrel shells using recently derived equations of elastic deformation. Assuming a first-order linear displacement field, the equations include accurate force and moment resultants, in which the stresses over the thickness of the shell are integrated exactly on a trapezoidal-like cross-section of a shell element. Exact solutions were obtained for thick barrel, open and closed, shells having shear diaphragm boundary conditions and cross-ply lamination sequence. The results were compared with previously obtained results where various other thick shell theories were used. The effects of various parameters including radii of curvature on shell frequencies are studied.
Novel Regimens and Delivery Systems in the Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

The mainstay of current management of patients with Alzheimer’s disease involves drugs that provide symptomatic therapy. Research approaches for future therapy of Alzheimer’s disease are focusing on disease modifying and/or preventive approaches. Two classes of medications have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: the cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine), mostly for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, and the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine for the moderate to severe stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Management of comorbid medical problems can be more complex in patients with dementia than in those without dementia. Unfortunately, medication adherence in Alzheimer’s disease is low and good adherence is essential for attempting to slow disease progression and improve or stabilize quality of life. Simplifying treatment regimens and providing more caregiver- and patient-friendly modes of administration that fit in better with daily routines can ease caregiver stress which, in turn, may have a favourable impact on the patient’s condition. To overcome problems of medication adherence in the elderly, simple, user-friendly dosage regimens should be prescribed for all medications; thus the need for novel regimens and delivery systems in the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, such as once-daily done-pezil, memantine and galantamine, and transdermal rivastigmine
Chromosome and replisome dynamics in E. coli: loss of sister cohesion triggers global chromosome movement and mediates chromosome segregation.

Chromosome and replisome dynamics were examined in synchronized E. coli cells undergoing a eukaryotic-like cell cycle. Sister chromosomes remain tightly colocalized for much of S phase and then separate, in a single coordinate transition. Origin and terminus regions behave differently, as functionally independent domains. During separation, sister loci move far apart and the nucleoid becomes bilobed. Origins and terminus regions also move. We infer that sisters are initially linked and that loss of cohesion triggers global chromosome reorganization. This reorganization creates the 2-fold symmetric, ter-in/ori-out conformation which, for E. coli, comprises sister segregation. Analogies with eukaryotic prometaphase suggest that this could be a primordial segregation mechanism to which microtubule-based processes were later added. We see no long-lived replication “factory”; replication initiation timing does not covary with cell mass, and we identify changes in nucleoid position and state that are tightly linked to cell division. We propose that cell division licenses the next round of replication initiation via these changes.
Distribution of phosphorus in a biologically restricted lake in Iowa, USA

Abstract The impact of soil runoff phosphorus on the Silver Lake of Iowa was assessed in this study. Currently, the lake cannot support its designated uses as a recreational water body. Extensive algal blooms characterize the lake in late summer, lowering the dissolved oxygen content in water (
Evaluation of olopatadine, a new ophthalmic antiallergic agent with dual activity, using the conjunctival allergen challenge model.

Background An ophthalmic antiallergic agent with selective H 1 antihistaminic and mast cell stabilizing properties has been developed. Objectives To evaluate efficacy and safety, determine optimal concentration, and demonstrate onset and duration of action of this new drug, olopatadine. Methods This was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, single-center study with five outpatient visits at least 7 days apart. Ninety-eight healthy, allergy-positive, subjects with a recent history of active allergic conjunctivitis not receiving current treatment participated. Conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) tests were performed on visits 1 and 2 to identify an allergen and concentration that consistently elicited signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. On visits 3, 4, and 5, CAC was performed 27 minutes, 8 hours, and 6 hours, respectively, after instillation of one drop of olopatadine (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.15%) in one eye and placebo in the other. Both eyes were scored for the intensity of itching and redness at 3, 10, and 20 minutes after the CAC. Results All four concentrations of olopatadine were clinically and statistically superior to placebo in preventing ocular itching at all evaluations and preventing redness at most evaluations from immediately and 8 hours after drug administration. No drug-related adverse events were reported. The 0.1% concentration was found to be most effective. Conclusions The results indicate that olopatadine ophthalmic solution is safe and effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, with the 0.1% concentration of olopatadine being optimal. The rapid onset and at least 8 hour duration of action of olopatadine indicates that the drug can be used twice daily.
Waveform Design for First Generation CASA Testbed

The first testbed of X-band radar systems deployed by the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA), in central Oklahoma called IP-1 (Integrated Project 1) will have a low unambiguous velocity due to their short wavelength, and increasing the PRF will result in multiple trip overlays since storms can extend over a large distance. The range-velocity ambiguity is more severe for X-band radars compared to the conventional S-band. However, low cost radars limit the ability to support complex waveforms due to hardware requirements. In addition the radar observations at short ranges are contaminated by ground clutter. This paper describes the waveforms for the individual radar nodes based on operational requirements such as scan speeds, volume coverage pattern and system/hardware limitations to resolve range and velocity ambiguities along with clutter suppression.
Experimental investigation of the frequency and substitution dependence of negative phi-values in two-state proteins.

Negative φ-values, which arise, for example, when a mutation stabilizes the folding transition state while destabilizing the native state, have been the focus of significant theoretical interest. Here we survey the experimental folding kinetics literature to ascertain the frequency with which negative φ-values occur in two-state proteins and describe the detailed experimental characterization of a negative φ-value previously reported to be among the most statistically significant. We find that, while almost 9% of more than 500 reported φ-values (from a set of 16, well-characterized two-state proteins) fall below zero, many of these do not represent statistically significant observations. For example, only 6% of the φ-values for which estimates of precision are available fall even one reported “error bar” below zero, and only 4% are simultaneously negative, significant at this level and associated with free energy changes at or above 2.5 kJ/mol (below which φ-value analysis is widely considered unreliable)...
The search for symmetry: 25 years in review

It has been 25 years since the publication of Sidman et al.’s (1982) report on the search for symmetry in nonhuman animals. They attributed their nonhuman subjects’ failure to the absence of some critical experiences (e.g., exemplar training, control of location variables, and generalized identity matching). Since then, species ranging from rats to chimpanzees have been tested on symmetry, and the results have been equivocal. Twenty-four investigations of symmetry in nonhumans are reviewed to determine whether the underlying factors first addressed by Sidman et al. (1982) have been verified and whether new factors have been identified. The emergent picture shows that the standard procedures as typically implemented on a three-key apparatus are insufficient by themselves to produce emergent symmetry in nonhumans. Recent successful demonstrations of symmetry in sea lions and pigeons have clarified certain important stimulus control variables (i.e., select and reject control) and suggest avenues for future research. Reliable symmetry may be achievable with nonhumans if training and test procedures that encourage compatible stimulus-control topographies and relations are designed.
Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy: A Patient Centered Analysis and Implications for Preoperative Counseling

Purpose: Incontinence after radical prostatectomy is common yet poorly defined in the current literature. We aimed to accurately characterize incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy to achieve improved preoperative patient counseling.Materials and Methods: After receiving institutional review board approval we performed a cross-sectional survey of the first 600 patients with prostate cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at our institution. The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life and Urinary Incontinence Short Form were used to evaluate incontinence and quality of life after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Surveys were mailed by a third party. Data were analyzed on the prevalence of incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. More specifically we characterized in detail the nature of incontinence and its effect on quality of life.Results: The response rate was 68% (408 of 600 pa...
Sensitivity analysis using stochastic expansion methods to calculate variance-based sensitivity indices

Abstract Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification are computationally expensive procedures. Stochastic expansion methods are an alternative approach for performing SA and UQ, and usually require fewer function evaluations. Recent work has extended non-intrusive stochastic expansion methods for calculating sensitivity indices. We examine the application of these techniques to a case in which data are generated from coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations. The values we analyze are generated from the numerical solution of the PDEs, in which we systematically vary both (i) fundamental modeling parameters and (ii) the underlying numerical algorithms. Our goal is to compare the performance of the sensitivity index calculations using sampling based methods and stochastic expansion methods, to gain an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches.
A class of binary response models for grouped duration data

SUMMARY This paper explores the relationship between conventional models for binary response such as the probit and logit, and the proportional hazard (PH) and related specifications for grouped duration data. I outline a general class of hazard models for grouped duration data based upon the choice of period-specific distribution functions, facilitating a thorough analysis of the implications of various specifications and consideration of various issues of model identification. This class of models nests, among others, the proportional hazard, probit, and logit specifications for interval survival. I consider the implications of various specifications for hazard behaviour, focusing on familiar specifications. While the specifications will generally yield results that are quite similar along a number of dimensions, there are significant differences. The probit model generates non-proportional effects of variables on the discrete hazard, while the logit and PH tend to show only slight non-proportionality. Furthermore, while the effects of variables on the derivatives are considerably larger for the probit specification, the time-pattern of the probit effects is relatively insensitive to changes in explanatory variables. I illustrate these issues by providing an example taken from Katz's (1986) unemployment data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. One strand of econometric duration research has emphasized the close relationship between the standard maximum likelihood estimator for the grouped data, proportional hazard (PH) model, and traditional binary outcome specifications (Kiefer, 1988a; Sueyoshi, 1991). This literature argues that at a fundamental level, the likelihood of a particular observation on a grouped PH duration is simply the probability of observing a series of binary outcomes, with the probabilities for each trial given by the extreme value cumulative distribution function evaluated at an aggregator of period specific data and parameters.' The equivalence of the PH specification and a binary extreme value model suggests that it may be profitable to explore further the relationship between commonly employed hazard specifications and familiar models for binary data such as the probit and the logit. Given the considerable accumulated experience of empirical researchers in estimating and interpreting binary response models, probit or logit duration specifications may be a natural approach for analysing grouped duration data. Indeed, the PH model is sometimes advanced as a more sophisticated alternative to a naive approach of estimating a probit-type model with observations pooled across discrete durations (Diamond and Hausman, 1984). The PH model is perceived as