cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saturn in hot water: Viscous evolution of the Enceladus torus

Abstract The detection of outgassing water vapor from Enceladus is one of the great breakthroughs of the Cassini mission. The fate of this water once ionized has been widely studied; here we investigate the effects of purely neutral–neutral interactions within the Enceladus torus. We find that, thanks in part to the polar nature of the water molecule, a cold (∼180 K) neutral torus would undergo rapid viscous heating and spread to the extent of the observed hydroxyl cloud, before plasma effects become important. We investigate the physics behind the spreading of the torus, paying particular attention to the competition between heating and rotational line cooling. A steady-state torus model is constructed, and it is demonstrated that the torus will be observable in the millimeter band with the upcoming Herschel satellite. The relative strength of rotational lines could be used to distinguish between physical models for the neutral cloud.
Dexamethasone action inhibits the release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine during the suppression of yeast phagocytosis in macrophage cultures.

Summary Dexamethasone suppresses phagocytosis of heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cultures of murine peritoneal macrophages. Recent observations suggest that dexamethasone induces a phagocytic inhibitory protein that suppresses yeast ingestion by inhibiting macrophage phospholipase A2 activity. The present investigation, therefore, examined whether macrophage lipid metabolism is modulated by dexamethasone. Control and steroid treated macrophages were allowed to incorporate radiolabeled arachidonate and were incubated subsequently in the absence and presence of yeast. Following ingestion by control macrophages, arachidonate from phosphatidylcholine was readily cleaved to free fatty acid and transferred to the neutral lipid fraction. In contrast, arachidonate release was inhibited in dexamethasone treated macrophages. These results suggest that the suppression of yeast phagocytosis by dexamethasone action may be associated with the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity.
Assessment of a Hypercard Program at Penrose Library, The University of Denver

Penrose Tutorial and Guides, a HyperCard (hypertext) program designed to provide computer‐assisted reference service, was created by the author in the summer of 1989. Development in three months was possible only because material included in the program had been compiled over the previous three years and because the scripting and layout were based on a program developed by Apple Corporation. Scripting enhancements added by the author to the Apple program include hidden fields for collecting statistics, a conceptual map, a timed default to return the user to the opening card, and a suggestion box.
A Subject Specific Kinematic and Kinetic Relationship During a Single-Leg Drop Landing

A single-leg landing is a common type of high-risk maneuver performed by athletes. The majority of anterior cruciate ligament injury is accounted for by non-contact mechanisms, such as single-leg landings. The purpose of this study was to develop a subject specific single-leg drop landing to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of two different types of landings. Kinematic data was analyzed at five points during the landing phase: initial contact (IC), peak vertical ground reaction force (pVGRF), peak joint reaction force (pJRF), maximum knee flexion (MKF), and maximum valgus angle (MFP). A linear relationship was noted in comparing the average maximum peak vertical ground reaction force, average maximum knee flexion, and average maximum valgus angle to the platform heights in both landing styles. An increase in platform height was directly related to increased knee valgus angle in both landing styles. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the peak vertical ground reaction force between the 60% and 80% platform heights, as well as between 60% and 100% with arms above. Landing with arms across the body yielded more significant difference (p < 0.05) between platform heights in both frontal and sagittal planes. However, comparing both landing styles to each other only yielded significant difference (p < 0.05) at the 100% platform height. A valgus-varus-valgus movement was observed in all landings, and is a probable contributor to single-leg landing ACL ruptures.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
LPS-stimulated release of prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 from the U937 cell line

Human monocytes are known to metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) and to release prostaglandins upon stimulation. Previous data indicate that in vitro maturation and differentiation of monocytes result in alteration of this property with greatly diminished response to stimulators of release of prostaglandin E (PGE) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) occurring after cells have been cultured. To further study the effects of differentiation on human monocyte AA metabolism, a model system was established based upon the human histiocytic cell line U937. Among tested stimulants, which included opsonized zymosan, complement fragment C3b, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, and concanavalin A, it was found that Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was unique in that it stimulated increased release of TxB2 from U937 cells. The effect of the phorbol ester PMA, a compound commonly used to induce differentiation of U937, on the ability of U937 to respond to LPS was examined. Following 48 hr of treatment with PMA, U937 became capable of releasing both PGE and TxB2 in response to small doses of LPS. As previously observed for human monocytes, the release of PGE was delayed for several hours following stimulation and failed to reach maximal cumulative levels in culture until 24-48 hr following stimulation. In contrast to human monocytes, PMA-induced U937 were capable of maintaining their responsiveness to LPS for several days. Thus, the U937 cell line provides a useful model for study of the effects of differentiation of human mononuclear phagocytes on their ability to metabolize AA, and for the effects of LPS on histiocytic tumor cell prostaglandin release.
On the Influence of Friction on Velocity at a Powder-Lubricated Slider-Disk Interface: Experimentation

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of friction coefficient on sliding velocity at a slider pad/disk interface lubricated by MoS2 powder film. The powder film was obtained by shearing compacted pellets of MoS2 against a tungsten carbide (WC) disk and was responsible for supporting the slider pad load. The results from the experiments showed that an adverse interfacial friction coefficient leads to a decrement in the sliding velocity. Contrarily, an increased sliding velocity accompanies a favorable (i.e., smaller) friction coefficient at the WC slider pad/disk interface lubricated by the MoS2 powder lubricant film.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni: Experience in a Large Chicago Medical Center

Abstract From January 1979 through December 1979, 2059 stool specimens received by our laboratory for enteric culturing were additionally examined for the presence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni . The study population included inpatients, outpatients and hospital food handlers. Patients were included regardless of symptoms. Enteric pathogens were identified as follows: Salmonella . 27 isolates; Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni , 26 isolates; and Shigella , 11 isolates. Twenty-five of 26 patients with stool cultures positive for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni had an acute diarrheal illness. Diarrhea, fever and chills were the most common symptoms. In most patients the disease was self-limited, requiring only supportive therapy. A seasonal variation was noted, with 14 of the 26 patients presenting between July and September.
MicroRNAs and their targets: recognition, regulation and an emerging reciprocal relationship

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key gene regulators in diverse biological pathways. These small non-coding RNAs bind to target sequences in mRNAs, typically resulting in repressed gene expression. Several methods are now available for identifying miRNA target sites, but the mere presence of an miRNA-binding site is insufficient for predicting target regulation. Regulation of targets by miRNAs is subject to various levels of control, and recent developments have presented a new twist; targets can reciprocally control the level and function of miRNAs. This mutual regulation of miRNAs and target genes is challenging our understanding of the gene-regulatory role of miRNAs in vivo and has important implications for the use of these RNAs in therapeutic settings.
Dimerization of the chicken progesterone receptor in vitro can occur in the absence of hormone and DNA

We have analyzed the dimerization of two forms of the chicken progesterone receptor (cPRA and cPRB) by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and chemical cross-linking with dimethylpimelimidate (DMP). We demonstrate by these two methods that the PRs assemble in vitro into dimers in the absence of DNA, and that dimerization does not require hormone. The cPRA homodimer binds quantitatively to its cognate DNA response element in our nondenaturing gradient gel assay. DMP cross-linking confirms that both forms of the receptor (cPRA and cPRB) assemble into dimers in solution. Finally, in a standard mobility shift assay, chemically cross-linked receptors bind to the progesterone DNA response element with high affinity. We conclude that the PR contains a dimerization motif, which can promote stable subunit-subunit contacts without the presence of hormone in vitro. The complex thus formed expresses sequence-specific DNA-binding activity indistinguishable from that observed in the presence of hormone.
Multiechelon repairable‐item provisioning in a time‐varying environment using the randomization technique

Abstract : Multiechelon repairable-item provisioning systems are considered under a time-varying environment. Such conditions could arise, for example, in a military context where a shift from peacetime operation to wartime operation takes place; or, in a civilian setting where a public transit system decides to increase its hours of operation or frequency of service. Exact Markovian models, incorporating a finite population of repairable components and limited repair capacity (nonample service), are treated, with transient solutions obtained using the randomization technique. The exact models are compared with the approximate Dyna-METRIC model which assumes an infinite population of components and ample repair capacity.
Load-predictive temperature control of an air conditioning and refrigeration system

In air conditioning and refrigeration (ACR) systems, the established industry method of capacity control is compressor ON/OFF cycling operations. This paper presents the design of load-predictive controller using compressor ON/OFF operations for temperature regulation with a target application of transport refrigeration systems. A dynamic ACR system model, which consists of a refrigerated cargo space, and a vapor compressor cycle (VCC) system, is developed. The validated VCC model is presented that captures compressor ON/OFF duty cycling dynamics. The dynamic cargo space model is described to accommodate varying conditions, such as door openings. The load-predictive controller tracks the pre-cool and predictive refrigeration load information which is generated based on the operating conditions in the next door-opening event, and decides to operate the VCC system with either normal ON/OFF control or pre-cool actions. Simulation results show that improved cargo space temperature regulation is obtained by implementing the load-predictive control strategy over the baseline industrial hysteretic control scheme in the coupled VCC/cargo space system.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A Comparative Assessment of an Analysis of Envy: Commentary on Paper by Julie Gerhardt

This discussion is introduced with emphasis on the need for comparative psychoanalytic studies in our pluralistic psychoanalytic world and describes an approach to such an endeavor. A very brief comment on the extensive literature review is followed by a more detailed focus on the “analysis of envy,” which gradually changed into the analysis of the patient, as a person. The discussant's “empathic entry” into the analyst's mode of listening and responding was simultaneously also applied to the patient's experience, to see how well patient and analyst communicated with each other and whether or not the patient indicated that she felt understood or not. When she did not feel understood, the patient signaled this with an intensification of her envy into furious “envy attacks.” The analyst's “decoding interpretations” implied that the patient was causing her own problems and should not feel the way she did. The analyst discovered this later herself. Her discoveries in the fourth year of the analysis yielded no...
Ukraine's Financial Crisis, 2009

A prominent specialist in the economic affairs of the former Soviet Union relates and analyzes the state of Ukraine's economy in light of a series of discussions and interviews with the country's Prime Minister and leading economic officials in Kyiv in 2008 and April 2009. The author, a former economic advisor to the country's government and co-chair of the UN's Blue Ribbon Commission for Ukraine, devotes this paper to a penetrating analysis of the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 on Ukraine's budget, banks, exchange rates, money supply, industrial sectors (particularly energy and steel), GDP, and inflationary pressures. Due attention is given to economic relations with the EU and Russia as well as to financial assistance from the IMF.Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E500, E600, O520, P200. 1 table, 4 figures, 38 references.
Diffusion of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene in supercritical dense 2,3-dimethylbutane

The conditions under which the Taylor-Aris dispersion phenomenon can be employed to generate accurate tracer diffusion data in supercritical dense fluids are established. The technique is used to determine the diffusivities of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene in supercritical dense 2,3-dimethylbutane as a function of temperature and pressure. A molecular theory incorporating the Sung-Stell formulation of molecular dynamic correlations in smooth-hardsphere fluids and the Baleiko-Davis molecular roughness for polyatomics with the Enskog-Thorne dense gas diffusivity relationship is found to represent our experimental data to within ±4%. The values of the effective hard-sphere diameters involved in the present theory can be predicted fairly accurately from the critical volumes of the solutes and solvent considered here.
Dissection of a signaling pathway by which pathogen-associated molecular patterns recruit the JNK and p38 MAPKs and trigger cytokine release.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), molecular moieties produced by invading microbial pathogens, initiate innate immune responses by binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Engagement of PRRs elicits a wide variety of responses, including the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. These responses require the activation of several parallel signaling pathways, including NF-κB, the interferon regulatory factors, and the MAPKs. The JNK and p38 MAPK groups are major PRR effectors and are key to the PRR-dependent induction and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-8. The mammalian Ste20 orthologue germinal center kinase (GCK) is required for the activation of JNK by a subset of PAMPs; however, the mechanisms by which GCK couples to downstream events remain unclear. Here we show that GCK is required for JNK and, unexpectedly, p38 activation by three bacterial PAMPs, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and flagellin (FliC). We show that these same PAMPs, in a GCK-dependent manner, activate mixed lineage kinases-2 and -3, MAPK kinase kinases upstream of JNK, and p38. We also show that MLK2 and -3 are required for activation of JNK and p38 by ectopically expressed GCK. Finally, we show that MLK2 and -3 are required for lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and FliC recruitment of JNK and p38 as well as for PAMP recruitment of the transcription factor c-Jun, and for the induction of interleukin-8. Our results define a signaling pathway whereby PAMPs can trigger MAPK activation and gene expression.
On the SPR Condition in Output Error Estimation Schemes

In this paper we will analyze the SPR condition in output error adaptive estimation schemes. An idea of Tomizuka is used to reduce the restrictive nature of the SPR condition, and is strengthened by exploiting certain a priori information on the uncertainty structure of the underlying plant, which is represented by an interval plant description. New results for the analysis of these types of systems are obtained, and are subsequently incorporated in the analysis of the adaptive system.
The Road to Parity: Determinants of the Socioeconomic Achievements of Asian Americans

(1985). The road to parity: Determinants of the socioeconomic achievements of Asian Americans. Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 8, Ethnicity and Race in the U.S.A: Toward the Twenty-First Century, pp. 75-93.
The significance and management of persistent primary insomnia: the past, present and future of behavioral insomnia therapies

Persistent primary insomnia (PPI) is a prevalent and potentially serious condition that compromises the functioning, health status, and quality of lives of millions of individuals around the world. This condition is typically perpetuated by a host of psychological and behavioral mechanisms that often require behavioral interventions. Nonetheless, all too commonly, practitioners underestimate the seriousness of this condition or rely too heavily on symptom focused sedative hypnotic therapy for its treatment. Herein we briefly review the epidemiology of PPI and consider the inadequacies of sedative hypnotics for treating this disorder. Subsequently, we provide rationale for the use of behavioral interventions with this condition and we describe the gradual evolution of the currently available behavioral insomnia treatments and consider promising recent developments such as the emergence of cognitive-behavioral and specially tailored, patient-specific approaches. In closing, we consider the potential usefulness of a combined pharmacological/behavioral intervention for PPI and present a number of important research questions to address in future studies of the behavioral insomnia therapies.
GENERATION OF STATIONARY CONTROL POLICIES WITH BEST EXPECTED PERFORMANCE FOR A FAMILY OF MARKOV CHAINS

Due to the high computational cost associated with calculation of optimal control policies for a family of Markov chains, sub-optimal policy generation approaches are often required for development of intervention strategies in systems medicine. In this paper, a new infinite-horizon suboptimal policy generation algorithm using a sequential-selection approach with efficient re-calculation of steady-state distributions is presented and compared against brute-force and other sub-optimal algorithms. Our results show that for a system represented by a family of Markov chains, the presented approach is able to generate robust stationary control policies with superior expected behavior in a computationally inexpensive manner.
Effect of preoperative stability of alignment on outcome of strabismus surgery for infantile esotropia.

Introduction Some strabismus surgeons wait until the angle of deviation stabilizes prior to operating on patients with infantile esotropia. This study evaluated whether a preoperative increase in the angle of deviation affected surgical outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective comparative case series in which records of patients with infantile esotropia, who had surgery performed before age 2 years and who were followed for at least 2 years postoperatively, were reviewed to identify two groups for comparison: the first had ≤5Δ change in the angle of deviation between the first office visit and time of surgery; the second had a ≥10Δ increase in the angle of deviation prior to surgery. In the latter group, surgery was performed for the angle present at the time of surgery. Outcomes were considered successful if the patients had microtropias. Results Fifteen patients were identified in each group. The interval between the first office visit and time of surgery was the same in both groups (mean, 2 months). Outcomes were successful in 11 of 15 (73%) in each group (no significant difference, p = 0.659). Conclusions There was no difference in outcome between children whose angles of deviation were stable and those whose angles increased prior to surgery. This indicates that strabismus surgery does not need to be delayed while waiting for the angle of deviation to stabilize. Surgical correction may therefore be achieved at an earlier age, which may have a beneficial effect on outcome.
Determinants of Retroviral-Mediated Gene Delivery to Mouse Spermatogonia

Spermatogonia represent a new route to transgenesis in mice and potentially in some commercially important domesticated animals. In addition, these cells are also a potential target for viral integration in patients receiving somatic cell gene therapy. But the factors influencing retroviral transduction into spermatogonia are not well understood. Because retroviral transduction is affected in part by the proliferative status of the host cell, we developed an improved cell culture system in which spermatogonia survive and proliferate for several days. We used this system to test the ability of a variety of murine and avian retroviruses to infect spermatogonia. We investigated the factors influencing retroviral transduction of spermatogonia, including the proliferative status of the infected cell, the type of viral envelope, the type of retroviral long terminal repeat, and the method of viral delivery. Here we show that many of the widely used retroviral vector systems can be used to successfully transduce spermatogonia at high efficiency. Moreover, we show that retroviral delivery of MDM2, the major downregulator of p53, promotes spermatogonial survival in culture, suggesting that p53 plays a role in regulating spermatogonial apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation. These results further demonstrate the usefulness of this novel system of targeting substances of interest to the testis. These data have important implications for improving animal transgenesis and for understanding the risks associated with somatic cell gene therapy.
Coordinating Multiple Autonomic Managers to Achieve Specified Power-Performance Tradeoffs

Getting multiple autonomic managers to work together towards a common goal is a significant architectural and algorithmic challenge, as noted in the ICAC 2006 panel discussion regarding "Can we build effective multi-vendor autonomic systems?" We address this challenge in a real small-scale system that processes web transactions. An administrator uses a utility function to define a set of power and performance objectives. Rather than creating a central controller to manage performance and power simultaneously, we use two existing IBM products, one that manages performance and one that manages power by controlling clock frequency. We demonstrate that, with good architectural and algorithmic choices established through trial and error, the two managers can indeed work together to act in accordance with a flexible set of power-performance objectives and tradeoffs, resulting in power savings of approximately 10%. Key elements of our approach include (a) a feedback controller that establishes a power cap (a limit on consumed power) by manipulating clock frequency and (b) reinforcement learning, which adoptively learns models of the dependence of performance and power consumption on workload intensity and the powercap.
Analysis of RNA cleavage by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

A method of analysis is presented that utilizes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to monitor the kinetics and products of RNA cleavage, by use of a program designed to mass-match observed MS peaks with predicted RNA cleavage products. The method is illustrated through application to the study of targeted oxidation of RNA stem loops from HIV-1 Rev Response Element mRNA (RRE RNA) and ribosomal 16S A-site RNA (16S RNA) by metallonucleases. Following incubation of each RNA with catalysts and/or redox co-reactants, reaction mixtures were desalted, and MALDI-TOF MS was used to monitor both time-resolved formation of cleavage products and disappearance of full-length RNA. For each RNA, a unique list was generated that contained the predicted masses of both the full-length, and all of the possible RNA cleavage fragments that resulted from the combination of all possible cleavage sites and each of the six expected overhangs formed at nascent termini adjacent to the cleavage sites. The overhangs corresponded to 2',3'-cyclic phosphate, 3'-phosphate, 3'-phosphoglycolate, 5'- hydroxyl and 5'- phosphate, which corresponded to differing oxidative, hydrolytic, and/or 2'-OH-mediated-endonucleolytic modes of scission. Each mass spectrum was compared with a corresponding list of predicted masses, and peaks were rapidly assigned by use of a Perl script, with a mass-matching tolerance of 200 ppm. Both time-dependent cleavage mediated by metallonucleases and MALDI-TOF-induced fragmentation were observed, and these were distinguished by time-dependent experiments. The resulting data allowed a semi-quantitative assessment of the rate of formation of each overhang at each nucleotide position. Limitations included artifactual skewing of quantification by mass bias, a limited mass range for quantification, and a lack of detection of secondary cleavage products. Nevertheless, the method presented herein provides a rapid, accurate, highly-detailed and semi-quantitative analysis of RNA cleavage that should be widely applicable.
The Simpson's paradox unraveled

Background In a famous article, Simpson described a hypothetical data example that led to apparently paradoxical results. Methods We make the causal structure of Simpson's example explicit. Results We show how the paradox disappears when the statistical analysis is appropriately guided by subject-matter knowledge. We also review previous explanations of Simpson's paradox that attributed it to two distinct phenomena: confounding and non-collapsibility. Conclusion Analytical errors may occur when the problem is stripped of its causal context and analyzed merely in statistical terms.
Lazy evaluation in logic programming

A method for bringing the concept of lazy evaluation to logic programming in a rigorous yet efficient manner is presented. Its main advantage over previous methods is its considerable efficiency, from both the theoretical and implementation points of view. It is based on making the SLD-resolution rule of inference directly simulate the behavior of a lazy rewriting interpreter satisfying strong computational properties. It thereby yields a powerful system in which one can program with functions, relations, non-determinism, lazy evaluation, and combinations of these all within a single logical framework. The method can also be viewed as contributing to the design and implementation of lazy rewriting. It introduces lazy, nondeterministic rewriting. It proposes a new method of shrinking the search space of reductions to a single branch. It allows a very simple, yet efficient, implementation in Prolog, so programming of many low-level tasks involved in usual implementations of lazy rewriting is avoided altogether. >
Trade, Entry Barriers, and Home Market Effects

This paper re-examines the relationship between entry barriers and home market effects and departs from recent work by using returns to scale as a direct measure of entry barriers as opposed to relying on the level of product differentiation as an indirect proxy for barriers to entry. In contrast to earlier work, results of this study do not indicate a significant relationship between home market effects and entry barriers. In addition, examination of trade costs reveals the importance of these costs in the numeraire sector. These two observations are consistent with the theoretical prediction that home market effects are insignificant in the presence of symmetric trade costs across sectors. Consequently, a more direct measure of barriers to entry and an explicit consideration of trade costs indicate that the link between home market effects and barriers to entry is not as strong as predicted by previous work.
Storying with Technology: an approach to connect children and adults using the new technology and media landscape

As our technology-rich society absorbs the impact of fast-paced technology evolution, we face a desperate situation: a widening digital divide, especially the intergenerational divide between adult...
Work in progress - concept mapping in the automotive technology management classroom: does it lead to higher scores on traditional multiple- choice exams?

Concept mapping is not necessarily new. However, concept mapping has yet to be adapted to teaching automotive technology management (ATM) at Indiana State University. In the realm of ATM, multiple-choice tests are the mainstay of certification exams so often required by employers. Further it is generally accepted that practice on similar instruments will improve the scores on certification exams. Thus, the majority of exams given in the ATM classroom are multiple-choice. The purpose of this study is to determine if incorporating concept mapping to the classroom will create more meaningful knowledge that will improve performance on multiple-choice tests. Two courses were selected. Concept map training will begin in the first week of classes and continue throughout the semester as needed. At least four concept mapping assignments will be assigned. The final exam results will be compared to results from the same course taught a year before without concept mapping
Facial Nerve Injury: A Complication of Superficial Temporal Artery Biopsy

Purpose To describe 4 patients who sustained facial nerve injury during temporal artery biopsy. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods The medical records were reviewed of 4 patients (2 men, 2 women; mean age 72.8 years, range 60 to 87), referred for evaluation of palsy of the frontal branch of the facial nerve following temporal artery biopsy. Main outcomes measured were site of incision, length of follow-up, and degree of recovery. Results In all cases, incisions were made in the preauricular region or on the pretrichial temple within 3 cm of the lateral canthal angle. Follow-up ranged from 1 month to over 5 years. No patient recovered completely; 2 had partial return of function, and 2 reported no improvement. Conclusions Branch facial nerve palsy can occur with temporal artery biopsy and is likely to result in permanent disability. In all cases the incision was placed within the known course of the frontal branch of the facial nerve. To prevent this rare complication, we advocate biopsy of the parietal, rather than the frontal, branch of the superficial temporal artery.
Ground-water recharge in areas of deep water-table in the Great Plains

It is unanimously agreed, I think, that of the water which falls upon the Earth's surface, a part runs off toward the sea, a part is at least temporarily detained, a part of it evaporates, and a part sinks beneath the ground-surface. But among students of that water which sinks beneath the Earth's surface, complete agreement as to the course it then takes has not always prevailed. Ground-water hydrologists have assumed that water can and does reach the water-table by descending through a great thickness of subsoil in the semi-arid upland divides of the Great Plains. But many students of soil-moisture and its use by vegetation in the Great Plains have concluded from their soil-moisture sampling that water does not descend to the water-table where the depth to the water-table is great. Thus Cole and Mathews state in Technical Bulletin 637 of the United States Department of Agriculture, page 69, that “It can be safely said, however, that on the short-grass land of the Great Plains there is no penetration of upland surface-water to the water-table.”
PATENTS OF CHARLES GOODYEAR: HIS INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RUBBER INDUSTRY

Abstract Charles Goodyear is best known for a single patent, U.S. patent 3633, “Improvements in India Rubber Fabrics Vulcanization of Rubber” (1849). The story of Goodyear and his 1839 discovery of vulcanization, a method to increase the strength and resiliency of rubber, has been told in several well-researched accounts. What has not been accomplished is a compilation of the complete patents of Goodyear. Although many books and articles discuss the patents of Charles Goodyear, up to this point there was no single comprehensive and accurate list of his patents including all the information needed to retrieve the original documents from the issuing patent organizations. Librarians of the Rubber Division, American Chemical Society and the University of Akron, using both print and online resources, were able to compile a complete list of Goodyear's patents issued in the 19th Century.
Trends in Smoking Status and Utilization of Smoking Cessation Agents Among Females with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Abstract Background: In the United States, cigarette smoking accounts for almost 20% of all deaths attributed to heart disease. More women than men die each year of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Women who smoke have shown to be at a higher risk of cardiac deaths. The current study aims to determine the trend in smoking prevalence among women with CVD and their utilization of smoking cessation agents from 2004 to 2011. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective exploratory study using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2004 to 2011. All female respondents with any one cardiovascular condition were identified. Descriptive statistics were carried out to obtain the number of female patients with CVD, their smoking status, and their use of smoking cessation agents. Furthermore, disparities in smoking status and smoking cessation agent utilization with respect to race and ethnicity were studied. Results: Among total CVD patients, 53% were females, which corresponded to 25.3 million females in the...
Compliance and Factors Associated with Sleep Disordered Breathing in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (S19.005)

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence, compliance, and associated patient factors with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). BACKGROUND: DM1 has a high prevalence of SDB, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. DESIGN/METHODS: Analysis from a U.S. prospective, observational registry of clinically- and genetically-verified DM1 adult patients (age at entry: 42±12 yrs; follow-up: 9.5±3.2 yrs). Patients were surveyed with a study-designed sleep questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the SF-36 Health Survey, and the Berlin Questionnaire for Sleep Apnea. RESULTS: 93 (64.6%) of 144 surveyed patients completed the assessment. 41 (44.1%) of 93 had been diagnosed with SDB, while 49 (52.7%) of 93 underwent a sleep study. 20 (48.8%) of the 41 diagnosed with SDB reported compliance with PAP. Patients diagnosed with SDB were weaker at study entry (muscular impairment rating 3.1±0.9 vs. 2.6±1.0, P=0.04), were more likely to have classical DM1 than either congenital- or senile-onset (50.1% vs. 20.0%, P=0.01), had ESS>10 (61.0% vs. 29.4%, P=0.002), and had a Berlin score indicating high risk (72.4% vs. 31.3%, P CONCLUSIONS: SDB is common in DM1, is associated with more severe muscle weakness, and occurs primarily in patients with a classical presentation. There is no relationship between BMI and SDB in DM1. Compliance rates with PAP treatment are comparable to non-DM1 patients and there are no clinical factors useful to determine patients destined to be non-compliant. Disclosure: Dr. Mazda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bodkin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Graham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pascuzzi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Groh has nothing to disclose.
Radiopotassium Autography of the Rat's Brian

SummaryThe critical points of technic for the preparation of radiopotassium autographs of rat“brains have been discussed and it has been shown that good results can be obtained despite the fact that this isotope has a short half life and enters brain tissue very slowly.It was found by this means that the distribution of K42 in the brains of normal rats is fairly homogeneous except for some tendency to greater concentration in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, the basal ganglia and the roof of the fourth ventricle.
Application and Testing of the Setting Model Based on IEC 61850

The model structure of IED based on IEC61850,and the ICD model and setting configuration mode in specific projects are introduced in the paper.The application and testing for setting group control operation of actual protection device is expatiated.And some common errors during the setting testing and relevant solutions are also presented.
Abstract A74: Preclinical evaluation of a fatty acid synthase inhibitor in pancreatic cancer

Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme in lipid biosynthesis and is overexpressed in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Upregulation of FASN in pancreatic cancer is correlated to poor prognosis, poor differentiation, and advanced tumor grade. In contrast, most normal cells have very low rates of de novo fatty acid synthesis and negligible FASN expression, making FASN inhibition an attractive therapeutic option. Current strategies for treating pancreatic cancer have severe side effects and low response rates. An alternative strategy is to target the changes in metabolic state that arise during tumor development, including an increase in anabolic processes such as de novo fatty acid synthesis. Both the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway and FASN have been targeted previously. However past agents suffered from issues of poor bioavailability, metabolic stability, and potency. In addition several of the drugs induced significant side effects in mice, including weight loss and decreased appetite. IPI-9119 is an irreversible inhibitor of FASN with excellent pharmacological properties. This agent is highly potent and has been shown to inhibit FASN and have anti-proliferative effects in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in vivo. We utilize a clinically relevant genetically engineered mouse model of PDA and an advanced preclinical infrastructure to evaluate IPI-9119 as a therapeutic for PDA. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated effective delivery of IPI-9119 to pancreatic tumor tissues, resulting in near-complete inhibition of FASN function. Short-term studies found elevated levels of apoptosis and reduced proliferation in IPI-9119 treated tumors. Combination with the genotoxic agent gemcitabine did not alter drug delivery or biochemical efficacy. These results will serve as a foundation for a comprehensive preclinical evaluation of IPI-9119 in which we will explore pharmacology, tolerability, and mechanisms of IPI-9119 action. Citation Format: Roshan A. Ahmed. Preclinical evaluation of a fatty acid synthase inhibitor in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A74.
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy: what technology should you use and what are the differences?

Purpose The purpose of the review was to define the various diagnostic platforms currently available to perform preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy and describe in a clear and balanced manner the various strengths and weaknesses of these technologies.
Some questions, a few answers in maxillo-mandibular surgery. The role of muscle and growth.

The author of this article presents his clinical experience with the treatment and long-term effects of the long lower face deformity. Reduction of the excess vertical dimension of the maxilla corrects the so-called horse-face appearance by eliminating the lavish display of teeth with the lips at rest and the generous gingival exposure on smiling. Secondary chin advancement procedures are often required to enhance the result. The changes obtained are stable, and improvement of facial form and function is most gratifying to the patient and the surgeon.
Regulation of Geologic Repositories for the Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes

The U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is vested with licensing and regulatory authority over certain U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities by Sections 202 (3) and (4) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974. These sections refer to: 1) facilities used primarily for the receipt and storage (including disposal) of high level radioactive wastes (HLW) and 2) retrievable surface storage and other facilities authorized for the express purpose of long term storage of HLW. Geologic repositories would not be licensed as “production” or “utilization” facilities. Rather, they would be licensed under those provisions of the Atomic Energy Act dealing with receipt and possession of “byproduct” and “special nuclear” materials. The NRC has the responsibility to evaluate for all aspects of repository performance which could impact the public health and safety. As a first step in carrying out its responsibility, the NRC staff is developing the regulations under which a geologic repository will be licensed. This regulation will be known as 10 CFR Part 60 — Disposal of High Level Radioactive Wastes in Geologic Repositories.
The Distinctiveness of British Abolitionist Mobilization

Having alluded to the final defeat of eighteenth-century attempts to transfer the transatlantic slave system to the metropolis in terms of law and popular opinion one may turn to the attack on the overseas system itself. Historians of Atlantic slavery disagree about many elements in the history of its abolition. Most, however, date the beginning of the political destruction process at some point in the last third of the eighteenth century. In 1770 the slave trade and slavery were sanctioned from Canada to the southernmost settlements of Spanish South America. The African slave trade was encouraged by every maritime power in the North Atlantic. By the end of the next century every new World society had abolished it and both the slave trade and slavery were rapidly declining in their Afro-Asian strongholds. In international terms the process was not uniform. Especially during the era of British abolitionism centres of the slave trade and slavery shifted from one region to another so rapidly that the quantitative decline of the Atlantic slave system, in economic and demographic terms, was drawn out for over half-a-century after British emancipation.
Abstract 319: Role of GPR110 on tumorigenesis and metastasis in HER2+ breast cancer in the context of anti-HER2 drug resistance

Drug resistance is a major limitation of treatment regimens targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancers that overexpress this protein. Therefore, identification of novel drug targets to overcome anti-HER2 drug resistance is an unmet clinical need. Our previous studies have suggested that GPR110 may be a potential target for anti-HER2 drug resistance and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, GPR110 is an orphan receptor in the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor family, members of which have shown a role in cancer metastasis. In this study, our objectives were (1) to assess the gene expression of GPR110 using the Taqman RT-PCR assay in anti-HER2 drug resistant and in cancer stem-like cell population of various HER2+ breast cancer cell line models and (2) to investigate the effects of GPR110 gene knockdown on tumorigenesis and metastasis using various cell-based assays in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines and their anti-HER2-resistant derivatives. Cells transfected with non-targeting and 3 independent GPR110-targeting siRNAs were used to assess anchorage-independent cell growth, mammosphere formation, and cell invasion and migration. We found that GPR110 gene expression was significantly higher (>/ = 2-fold) in lapatinib-resistant (LR), trastuzumab-resistant (TR), and lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant (LTR) derivatives of BT474, SKBR3 and UACC812 cell lines compared to the parental cells. GPR110 gene expression was also significantly higher (>/ = 1.9-fold) in ALDH+ versus ALDH- cell populations of BT474, SKBR3, MDA-MB-361 and HCC1569 cell lines. In addition, GPR110 gene knockdown led to a 55-85% (p Citation Format: Debashish Sahay, Raksha Bhat, Motthafar Rimawi, C. Kent Osborne, Rachel Schiff, Meghana V. Trivedi. Role of GPR110 on tumorigenesis and metastasis in HER2+ breast cancer in the context of anti-HER2 drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 319.
Development of a multiplex taqMan real-time PCR assay for typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae based on type-specific indels identified through whole genome sequencing

We developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneously detecting M. pneumoniae and typing into historically-defined P1 types. Typing was achieved based on the presence of short type-specific indels identified through whole genome sequencing. This assay was 100% specific compared to existing methods and may be useful during epidemiologic investigations.
Enhancing Established Counting Routines to Promote Place-Value Understanding: An Empirical Study in Early Elementary Classrooms

Understanding place value is a critical and foundational competency for elementary mathematics. Classroom teachers who endeavor to promote place-value development adopt a variety of established practices to varying degrees of effectiveness. In parallel, researchers have validated models of how young children acquire place-value understanding. Faced with competing demands, teachers may resist abrupt, disruptive, or time-intensive changes to existing practices. In this study, we explore ways of introducing changes in pedagogical supports that minimally disrupt existing classroom routines that nonetheless offer potential gains in children’s understanding of base-ten number concepts. Specifically, we examine the impact of modifying how teachers demonstrate and discuss representations of the ten-for-one structure during the familiar “Days in School” counting routine on young children’s place-value understanding. We report on a 2-year longitudinal study of a cohort of students beginning in grade one, conducted in nine classrooms across a control school and a treatment school. We describe the modifications in the counting routine and report the results of children’s development of base-ten number concepts. The percentage of children who identified base-ten number concepts was three times higher for the children in the treatment group than for the children in the control group. Moreover, nearly twice as many children in the treatment group as compared with the control group advanced beyond a concatenated single-digit conception by the end of second grade when counting two-digit quantities. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for early elementary mathematics education more generally.