cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of overlapping sources on cosmic shear estimation: Statistical sensitivity and pixel-noise bias

Author(s): Sanchez, Javier; Mendoza, Ismael; Kirkby, David P; Burchat, Patricia R | Abstract: In Stage-IV imaging surveys, a significant amount of the cosmologically useful information is due to sources whose images overlap with those of other sources on the sky. The cosmic shear signal is primarily encoded in the estimated shapes of observed galaxies and thus directly impacted by overlaps. We introduce a framework based on the Fisher formalism to analyze effects of overlapping sources (blending) on the estimation of cosmic shear. For the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we present the expected loss in statistical sensitivity for the ten-year survey due to blending. We find that for approximately 62% of galaxies that are likely to be detected in full-depth LSST images, at least 1% of the flux in their pixels is from overlapping sources. We also find that the statistical correlations between measures of overlapping galaxies and, to a much lesser extent the higher shot noise level due to their presence, decrease the effective number density of galaxies, $N_{eff}$, by $\sim$18%. We calculate an upper limit on $N_{eff}$ of 39.4 galaxies per arcmin$^2$ in $r$ band. We study the impact of varying stellar density on $N_{eff}$ and illustrate the diminishing returns of extending the survey into lower Galactic latitudes. We extend the Fisher formalism to predict the increase in pixel-noise bias due to blending for maximum-likelihood (ML) shape estimators. We find that noise bias is sensitive to the particular shape estimator and measure of ensemble-average shape that is used, and properties of the galaxy that include redshift-dependent quantities such as size and luminosity.
An Accurate Time Domain Analysis Based ZVS Evaluation Tool for LLC Resonant Converters

LLC converters are popular in numerous industrial applications owning to their high efficiency and soft switching characteristics. Conventionally, the first harmonic approximation (FHA) analysis method is used to perform the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) analysis for LLC resonant converter. However, the FHA method assumes that the LLC resonant converter is always operating at resonant frequency point so that the primary switch turn-off current is a constant value during the whole operation range. When the LLC resonant converter operating point is away from the resonant frequency, considerable errors would exist, which will lead to unoptimized deadtime design or ZVS failure. Therefore, in this article, a ZVS evaluation tool is developed based on the time domain analysis, the analysis results have much higher accuracy when compared with the traditional FHA method, which can be used to guide the analysis and design of the converter. Experimental validations are presented.
MOOSE-Based Finite Element Hyperelastic Modeling for Soft Robot Simulations

While soft robotics is an emerging frontier of the robotics field, accurate modeling of large deformations for soft hyperelastic materials remains a challenge. Herein, we build on the existing open-source Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) to accurately model neo-Hookean hyperelastic materials under user-defined loads and large strains. Excellent agreement between the simulated and theoretical results is obtained for simple geometries. Next, we show that our application can accurately model and predict the response of a real soft pneumatic actuator. To conclude, we demonstrate that the open-source nature of our simulation environment enables direct control over simulation parameters, allowing users to tailor the accuracy, convergence, and speed of their simulations.
Theatre For Social Change: Active Techniques For Reflection And Discussion

Location: JC Room F Theatre for social change games are designed to create community and engage that community in dialogue. The techniques used come from Augusto Boal who designed his methodology for all citizens, not just actors. He said, "We are all actors. Being a citizen does not mean living in the world, it is changing it." This workshop offers participants an introduction to the games and theory behind Theatre of the Oppressed, a form of theater for social change created by Augusto Boal. The techniques are used by artists, activists, and drama therapists. We explore how theatre can be used as a tool to identify, discuss, and resist oppression. We spend time playing TO games, practicing Image Theatre, and discussing how these games can be utilized for any discussion or curriculum. Theater of the Oppressed can be used by anyone, at any level, wishing to dig deeper into the factors affecting community. It is often used by activists and community organizers. Augusto Boal also used it in law making when he was a representative in the National Congress of Brazil (all 14 of the bills created using his techniques passed). The games are an excellent way to engage students in whole body learning, imagination, and discussions. After each game is played participants are asked to reflect and think critically about their personal experience of the game, and how that experience reflects larger structures in society. Boal believed that imagination was a muscle, the games are designed to train that muscle -- because if we can't imagine a different way of doing things, how will we build new ways of being/change the future.
Creation of monoclonal antibody expressing CHO cell lines grown with sodium butyrate and characterization of resulting antibody glycosylation.

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary mammalian cell lines utilized to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The upsurge in biosimilar development and the proven health benefits of mAb treatments reinforces the need for innovative methods to generate robust CHO clones and enhance production, while maintaining desired product quality attributes. Among various product titer-enhancing approaches, the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) such as sodium butyrate (NaBu) has yielded promising results. The titer-enhancing effect of HDACi treatment has generally been observed in lower producer cell lines but those studies are typically done on individual clones. Here, we describe a cell line development (CLD) platform approach for creating clones with varying productivities. We then describe a method for selecting an optimal NaBu concentration to evaluate potential titer-enhancing capabilities in a fed-batch study. Finally, a method for purifying the mAb using protein A chromatography, followed by glycosylation analysis using mass spectrometry, is described. The proposed workflow can be applied for a robust CLD process optimization to generate robust clones, enhance product expression, and improve product quality attributes.
James Jones's Codes of Conduct

JAMES JONES’S CODES OF CONDUCT Though his work was celebrated by his contemporaries and remains highly lauded by scholars of war fiction, James Jones’s novels are already at risk of falling outside the mainstream canon of 20 Century American literature. My dissertation project proposes an intensive examination of James Jones’s three volume war trilogy, From Here to Eternity, The Thin Red Line, and Whistle, collectively considered by eminent critic Paul Fussell to be the finest work to emerge from the Second World War. Jones’s trilogy is a mainstay within the overall genre of war fiction, yet it has been afforded relatively little critical attention by mainstream critics. Scholarship on Jones’s work has heretofore focused on his general body of work with one critical examination of the Eastern philosophical influences on his early work. While critics have examined individual works within the trilogy as stand-alone works, no extensive scholarly study has been done on the trilogy as a whole. Jones initially intended From Here to Eternity to cover the entire scope of the trilogy’s time period, but later split them into three related works. From Here to Eternity covers Army life pre-Pearl Harbor, The Thin Red Line follows the same character archetypes into combat, and Whistle describes the post-Guadalcanal return of the first war wounded to hospitals in the states. The particular focus of my dissertation will be on deciphering the unwritten codes that govern the behavior of Jones’s characters in addition to the written A.R.s (Army Regulations) and how they change through the three phases of combat covered over the course of the trilogy (pre-combat, combat, and post-combat). At each stage of combat, the behavior of Jones’s characters is guided by a variety of unofficial codes that govern appropriate and inappropriate behavior with
Deference Determinations and Stealth Constitutional Decision Making

Courts deciding constitutional cases frequently have to make deference determinations – that is, decisions about whether to respect a political branch’s factual findings and policy judgments due to that branch’s institutional superiority. The U.S. Supreme Court’s approach to a wide range of these determinations, however, is inconsistent and under-theorized. Indeed, the Court’s difficulties with deference determinations mirror broader failures to resolve carefully and consistently a number of stealth determinations that recur in constitutional cases but fall outside the black-letter doctrinal framework. Rather than relying on pithy platitudes about each governmental branch’s strengths and weaknesses, courts should examine the actual behavior and processes of the relevant governmental institution before deciding whether deference is appropriate. This contextual, institutional approach would provide better incentives for Congress and administrative agencies to craft policy utilizing their expertise and reinforcing their political accountability. It would also offer a more careful, rigorous model for courts approaching other extra-doctrinal determinations, thus improving the legal status of both deference determinations themselves and stealth constitutional determinations more generally.
The global solution of the N-body problem

The problem of finding a global solution for systems in celestial mechanics was proposed by Weierstrass during the last century. More precisely, the goal is to find a solution of the n-body problem in series expansion which is valid for all time. Sundman solved this problem for the case of n = 3 with non-zero angular momentum a long time ago. Unfortunately, it is impossible to directly generalize this beautiful theory to the case of n > 3 or to n = 3 with zero-angular momentum. A new ‘blowing up’ transformation, which is a modification of McGehee's transformation, is introduced in this paper. By means of this transformation, a complete answer is given for the global solution problem in the case of n > 3 and n = 3 with zero angular momentum.
Timing of Nimodipine Therapy for the Treatment of Vocal Fold Paralysis

Objectives/hypothesis To retrospectively determine optimal timing for initiation of nimodipine within a cohort of patients with acute vocal fold paralysis (VFP). Study design Retrospective patient review. Methods Subjects were divided into three groups: initiation within 15 days postinjury (n = 19), between 15 and 30 days postinjury (n = 23), or greater than 30 days postinjury (n = 11). Results Fifty-one patients (53 paralyzed vocal folds [VFs]) met entrance criteria and were offered and started off-label nimodipine treatment. Thirty-six of 53 VFs recovered purposeful motion (67.9%). There was no significant difference in the rate of VF recovery among patients who began nimodipine within 15 days (68.4%), patients who started nimodipine between 15 and 30 days (73.9%) of nerve injury (P = .1405), and patients who initiated nimodipine after 30 days postinjury (54.5%). Conclusions Nimodipine treatment for acute VFP yielded equal VF motion recovery rates regardless of when the medication was initiated. Time to recovery of motion was not different between groups studied.
Failure rates and data driven policies for vehicle safety inspections in Pennsylvania

Rail, truck, commercial bus, and aircraft have federally mandated safety inspection programs in the United States, while inspections of personal vehicles, which make up the majority of passenger miles, are optionally imposed at the state level. In recent years, some states have chosen to eliminate the vehicle safety inspection program because of budget constraints and concerns about program effectiveness. Currently, 26 states have a schedule for conducting safety inspections, but Pennsylvania is one of thirteen states that currently require all personal light duty vehicles to be inspected every year. The remaining states have completely eliminated safety inspection programs. However, as automobiles become safer, Pennsylvania legislators are now pushing to phase out the inspection program to reduce the costs of owning a vehicle. This study combines Pennsylvania vehicle registration data with two large samples of results from state safety inspections. The authors find that the state safety inspection fail rate for light-duty vehicles is 12–18%, well above the often-cited rate of 2%. Vehicles that are older than three years old or have more than about 30,000 miles can have much higher rates. When analyzing new vehicles, less than or equal to one year old, it is found that even these vehicles have a failure rate greater than zero. Furthermore, while the vehicle fleet appears to be getting safer over the past few years by improvements in technology or other external circumstances, the inspection failure rate does not appear to be trending toward zero in the near future. The authors also show that accurate inspection data is limited and often incorrectly analyzed. Lastly, the importance of vehicle maintenance over a vehicle’s lifetime is proven to be evident, since regular usage causes vehicles to deteriorate. The authors conclude that vehicle safety inspections should continue to be implemented in order to keep driving conditions safe.
Characterizing Pathways by Which Gravitropic Effectors Could Move from the Root Cap to the Root of Primary Roots of Zea mays

Plasmodesmata linking the root cap and root in primary roots Zea mays are restricted to approx. 400 protodermal cells bordering approx. 110000 microns2 of the calyptrogen of the root cap. This area is less than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the root-tip at the cap junction. Therefore, gravitropic effectors moving from the root cap to the root can move symplastically only through a relatively small area in the centre of the root. Decapped roots are non-responsive to gravity. However, decapped roots whose caps are replaced immediately after decapping are strongly graviresponsive. Thus, gravicurvature occurs only when the root cap contacts the root, and symplastic continuity between the cap and root is not required for gravicurvature. Completely removing mucilage from the root tip renders the root non-responsive to gravity. Taken together, these data suggest that gravitropic effectors move apoplastically through mucilage from the cap to the root.
Electrotransformation and Expression of Bacterial Genes Encoding Hygromycin Phosphotransferase and β-Galactosidase in the Pathogenic Fungus Histoplasma capsulatum

We developed an efficient electrotransformation system for the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and used it to examine the effects of features of the transforming DNA on transformation efficiency and fate of the transforming DNA and to demonstrate fungal expression of two recombinant Escherichia coli genes, hph and lacZ. Linearized DNA and plasmids containing Histoplasma telomeric sequences showed the greatest transformation efficiencies, while the plasmid vector had no significant effect, nor did the derivation of the selectable URA5 marker (native Histoplasma gene or a heterologous Podospora anserina gene). Electrotransformation resulted in more frequent multimerization, other modification, or possibly chromosomal integration of transforming telomeric plasmids when saturating amounts of DNA were used, but this effect was not observed with smaller amounts of transforming DNA. We developed another selection system using a hygromycin B resistance marker from plasmid pAN7-1, consisting of the E. coli hph gene flanked by Aspergillus nidulans promoter and terminator sequences. Much of the heterologous fungal sequences could be removed without compromising function in H. capsulatum, allowing construction of a substantially smaller effective marker fragment. Transformation efficiency increased when nonselective conditions were maintained for a time after electrotransformation before selection with the protein synthesis inhibitor hygromycin B was imposed. Finally, we constructed a readily detectable and quantifiable reporter gene by fusing Histoplasma URA5 with E. coli lacZ, resulting in expression of functional β-galactosidase in H. capsulatum. Demonstration of expression of bacterial genes as effective selectable markers and reporters, together with a highly efficient electrotransformation system, provide valuable approaches for molecular genetic analysis and manipulation of H. capsulatum, which have proven useful for examination of targeted gene disruption, regulated gene expression, and potential virulence determinants in this fungus.
Cell-cycle differences of HL-60 leukemia cells fractionated by centrifugal elutriation

HL-60 leukemia cells were fractionated into G1 and SG2 populations using a rapid centrifugal elutriation technique, and studied for differences between the cell-cycle phases. The G1 fraction was found to contain smaller cells with a sedimentation velocity of 7 mm/h. The SG2 fraction consisted of larger cells with a sedimentation velocity of 125 mm/h. The latter fraction was found to have a peak level of the enzyme (2′-5′)An-binding protein, as compared to the G1 fraction, indicating a possible role for (2′-5′)An-binding protein and its products in the growth regulation of these leukemic cells. In addition, cytofluorometric analysis of fractionated HL-60 cells indicates that elutriation is an effective fractionation method, rapidly yielding large numbers of cells for study, without the use of chemical treatments.
Outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions in model molecular solvents : the mean spherical approximation

Abstract Analytical expressions for the Born solvation free energy (BSFE) of a pair of ions with arbitrary charges, unequal sizes, and fixed separation are obtained via an interaction-site approach under the mean spherical approximation (MSA). The results for ions in a dipolar dumbbell solvent, in a dipolar hard-sphere solvent, and in an ionic solution in a dielectric continuum solvent are compared. A general equation for the reorganization free energy in a fluid of nonpolarizable molecules indicates that a state-dependent force constant and a non-parabolic free-energy surface will be obtained if a nonlinear theory instead of the MSA is used. It is found that the Marcus cross relation is very accurate within the MSA and the dielectric Green function theory. Results for the Fe +2 -Fe +3 electron transfer reaction are qualitatively compared with recent simulation results. An analytical expression (under the MSA) for the average relaxation time that characterizes the response of the solvent to charge transfer between the ions is also obtained.
Tracking down the empirical legacy of the Black Panther party (or notes on the perils of pursuing the panthers)

Abstract This essay documents the challenges of field/archival research confronted during our investigation of the Black Panther Party, from 1967 to 1973. The lack of comprehensive analysis on the Party within the literature on social movements makes the contributions of our research effort important for understanding of black social movements, particularly for the larger political science discipline, which tends to ignore social movements and African Americans. Through our investigation, we confronted many challenges which at times threatened the project: (1) obtaining public records from law enforcement and judicial institutions, (2) questionable confidential sources who possessed information—for an undisclosed price, (3) the substantial costs involved in hiring, training, and keeping research assistants, and (4) tracking down sources at libraries throughout the US. Our conclusion puts forward a call for documenting the lives and experiences of highly contentious dissident organizations, like the Black ...
Precipitation of calcium with sodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid

A new gravimetric method for determining calcium using the sodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid as a precipitant has been developed. An average of better than 99.5% recovery was obtained with pure calcium solution by the proposed procedure. A relatively few metal ions interfere. The precipitation obtained at pH 6.5±0.2 may be dried in a vacuum desiccator and weighed as CaNaC6H6O6N · H2O, the gravimetric factor being 0.1489 or in an oven at 180° for 2 hours and weighed as CaNaC6H6O6N, the gravimetric factor being 0.1596. Calcium may be titrated turbidimetrically with the sodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid in a 50% ethanol medium. The rate of precipitation is relatively slow, however, it may be hastened by constant stirring or by precipitation in a 50% ethanol medium. Small amounts of calcium may be determined turbidimetrically. An attempt was made to interpret the structure of the precipitate based on its infrared spectrum.
Inertial Vibration Damping Control for a Flexible Base Manipulator

A rigid (micro) robot mounted serially to the tip of a long, flexible (macro) manipulator is often used to increase reach capability, but flexibility in the macromanipulator can interfere with positioning accuracy. A rigid manipulator attached to a flexible but unactuated base was used to study a scheme to achieve positioning of the micromanipulator combined with enhanced vibration damping of the base. Inertial interaction forces and torques acting between the robot and its base were modeled and studied to determine how to use them to damp the vibration. One issue is that there are locations in the workspace where the rigid robot loses its ability to create interactions in one or more degrees of freedom. These “inertial singularities” are functions of the rigid robot’s joint variables. A performance index was developed to predict the ability of the rigid robot to damp vibration and will help ensure the robot is operating in joint space configurations favorable for inertial damping. When the performance index is used along with the appropriate choice of feedback gains, the inertia effects, or those directly due to accelerating the robot’s links, have the greatest influence on the interactions. By commanding the robot link’s accelerations out of phase with the base velocity, vibration energy will be removed from the system. This signal is then added to the rigid robot’s position control signal. Simulations of a rigid three degree of freedom anthropomorphic robot mounted on a flexible base were developed and show the effectiveness of the control scheme. In addition, experimental results demonstrating two degree of freedom vibration damping are included.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Respiratory Protection as a Function of Respirator Fitting Characteristics and Fit-Test Accuracy

The fitting characteristics of particulate respirators are no longer assessed in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health respirator certification program. It is important for respirator program administrators to understand the implications of that change and the additional burden it may impose. To address that issue, a typical respirator fit-testing program is analyzed using a mathematical model that describes the effectiveness of a fit-testing program as a function of the fitting characteristics of the respirator and the accuracy of the fit-testing method. The model is used to estimate (1) the respirator assignment error, the percentage of respirator wearers mistakenly assigned an ill-fitting respirator; (2) the number of fit-test trials necessary to qualify a group of workers for respirator use; and (3) the number of workers who will fail the fit-test with any candidate respirator model and thereby fail to qualify for respirator use. Using data from previous studies, the model predicts...
The Lawyer and the Lightning Rod

In the summer of 1783, a trial took place in the French city of Arras. One M. de Vissery, a resident of the nearby village of St. Omer, was appealing a decision by his local aldermen, who required him to remove a lightning rod he had put on his chimney. His young defense lawyer was Maximilien Robespierre, who made a name for himself by winning the case. In preparation, Robespierre and his senior colleague corresponded with natural philosophers and jurisconsultants. Robes- pierre then persuasively resolved the crucial problem, namely, the proper relations of scientific to legal authority. He exploited the empiricist dogma common to contemporary physics and jurisprudence to argue that judges need not defer to scientific experts, but must only consider the facts, which required no expertise. It was a first approximation of an argument Robespierre would make with mounting authority over the next decade.
Embryogenesis, hatching and larval development of Artemia during orbital spaceflight.

Developmental biology studies, using gastrula-arrested cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, were conducted during two flights of the space shuttle Atlantis (missions STS-37 and STS-43) in 1991. Dehydrated cysts were activated, on orbit, by addition of salt water to the cysts, and then development was terminated by the addition of fixative. Development took place in 5 ml syringes, connected by tubing to activation syringes, containing salt water, and termination syringes, containing fixative. Comparison of space results with simultaneous ground control experiments showed that equivalent percentages of naupliar larvae hatched in the syringes (40%). Thus, reactivation of development, completion of embryogenesis, emergence and hatching took place, during spaceflight, without recognizable alteration in numbers of larvae produced. Post-hatching larval development was studied in experiments where development was terminated, by introduction of fixative, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days after reinitiation of development. During spaceflight, successive larval instars or stages, interrupted by molts, occurred, generating brine shrimp at appropriate larval instars. Naupliar larvae possessed the single naupliar eye, and development of the lateral pair of adult eyes also took place in space. Transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive differentiation, including skeletal muscle and gut endoderm, as well as the eye tissues. These studies demonstrate the potential value of Artemia for developmental biology studies during spa ceflight, and show that extensive degrees of development can take place in this microgravity environment.
Identification of new pisatin demethylase genes (PDA5 and PDA7) in Nectria haematococca and non-Mendelian segregation of pisatin demethylating ability and virulence on pea due to loss of chromosomal elements.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that high virulence on pea in Nectria haematococca Mating Population VI is linked to the ability to detoxify the pea phytoalexin, pisatin, via demethylation (Pda). To test this linkage further, a highly virulent Pda + isolate (34-18) was used as the recurrent parent in backcrosses to Pda − isolates, but most of the progeny were low in virulence on pea, and tetrad analysis gave conflicting ratios for the genetic control of Pda. Southern analysis of 34-18 and progeny showed that 34-18 carries a gene similar to PDA1 ( PDA1-2 ), two new PDA genes, PDA5 and PDA7 , and that all three genes can be lost during meiosis. Southern analysis of electrophoretic karyotypes showed that PDA1-2 is on a 1.5-Mb dispensable chromosome in 34-18 and that PDA5 and PDA7 are on a 4.9-Mb chromosome in 34-18 but are found on variably sized chromosomes in progeny. Loss of PDA5 or PDA7 in progeny was not generally associated with morphological phenotypes, except in progeny from some crosses between PDA5 parents. Loss of PDA5 was associated with growth abnormalities in these crosses, suggesting that in some genetic backgrounds at least a portion of the PDA5 / PDA7 chromosome is essential for normal growth. All highly virulent progeny had PDA1-2 or a combination of PDA5 and PDA7 while isolates that lacked the three genes were low in virulence, supporting the hypothesis that Pda, or genes linked to PDA genes, are necessary for virulence on pea. However, low virulence isolates with PDA genes were also identified, suggesting that there are pathogenicity genes that can segregate independently of PDA genes.
Rethinking Context for Pervasive Computing: Adaptive Shared Perspectives

Mobile and pervasive computing applications depend on environmental awareness, not just of their own local system and immediate surroundings, but increasingly of the network as a whole. Traditional models of context do not sufficiently account for the trade-off between accuracy, availability, and efficiency when considering the mechanisms by which context can be gathered and shared in mobile, ad-hoc networks. Traditional approaches to context remain egocentric, but next generation environments demand coordination among entities and access to shared context resources, and thus context must be treated as a combination of local and shared information. We motivate our perspective on the future of context in mobile pervasive environments staring with historical framing of the problem, and present our recent efforts in adaptive shared context perspectives.
Reinforcing effects for female hamsters of non-copulatory exposure to normal male hamsters.

Abstract Naturally cycling female hamsters were run in a T-maze to determine their preference for exposure to an intact male enclosed in one goal box or a castrated male in the other goal box; physical contact with the goal animals was prevented. All animals preferred the intact male, but only on estrous days, and the preference was maintained even when no differential stimuli reached the choice point from the goal animals. The preference is interpreted as demonstrating that non-copulatory exposure to stimuli emanating from an intact male is reinforcing for an estrous female.
Nonparametric Resampling for Homogeneous Strong Mixing Random Fields

Kunsch (1989, Ann. Statist.17 1217-1241) and Liu ane Singh (1992, in Exploring Limits of Bootstrap (R. Le Page and L. Billard, Eds.), pp. 225-248, Wiley, New York) have recently introduced a block resampling method that is successful in deriving consistent bootstrap estimates of distribution and variance for the sample mean of a strong mixing sequence. Ra??s and Moore (1990, in Interface ?90) and Ra??s (1992, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Montreal) extended the results of Kunsch and Liu and Singh in the case of the sample mean of a homogeneous strong mixing random field in two dimensions (n = 2). In this paper, the general case (n ? Z+) is considered, and a resampling technique for strong mixing random fields is formulated, which is an extension of the "blocks of blocks" resampling scheme for sequences in Politis and Romano (1992, Ann. Statist.20 (4) 1985-2007). The "blocks of blocks" method can be used to construct asymptotically correct confidence intervals for parameters of the whole (infinite-dimensional) joint distribution of the random field, for example, the spectral density at a point. A variation of the "blocks of blocks" resampling scheme that involves "wrapping" the data around on a torus will also be studied, in view of its property to yield an unbiased bootstrap distribution.
Thalamic projections to the feline motor cortex studied with horseradish peroxidase.

Abstract Cells in the thalamus projecting to the distal forelimb regions of the motor cortex, area 3a, and the sensory cortex were identified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These cortical areas were defined by mapping evoked potentials from superficial and deep radial nerve stimulation. Following injections into the motor cortex, the labelled cells were distributed throughout a large region (>2 mm wide) in the ventral portion of the ventral lateral nucleus (VL). The border area between VL and the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) also contained labelled cells. The region containing labelled cells following injections into area 3a was in the rostral, dorsal VPL, and overlapped with the region containing cells labelled by injections into the motor cortex. Cells labelled by injections into the sensory cortex were near the center of VPL distinctly separated from those labelled after injections into either area 3a or the motor cortex.
Processing of GPR data from NIITEK landmine detection system

In this paper, a signal processing approach for wide-bandwidth ground-penetrating-radar imagery from Non-Intrusive Inspection Technology, Incorporated (NIITEK) vehicle-mounted landmine detection sensor is investigated. The approach consists of a sequence of processing steps, which include signal filtering, image enhancement and detection. Filtering strategies before detection aid in image visualization by reducing ground bounce, systematic effects and redundant signals. Post-filter image processing helps by enhancing landmine signatures in the NIITEK radar imagery. Study results from applying this signal processing approach are presented for test minefield lane data, which were collected during 2002 from an Army test site.
Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomographic Scoring Performance in a Series of Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography and MRI Reader Agreement, Modality Agreement, and Outcome Prediction

Background and Purpose—In this study, we compare the performance of pretreatment Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomographic scoring (ASPECTS) using noncontrast CT (NCCT) and MRI in a large endovascular therapy cohort. Methods—Prospectively enrolled patients underwent baseline NCCT and MRI and started endovascular therapy within 12 hours of stroke onset. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were evaluable pretreatment NCCT, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores. Two expert readers graded ischemic change on NCCT and DWI using the ASPECTS. ASPECTS scores were analyzed with the full scale or were trichotomized (0–4 versus 5–7 versus 8–10) or dichotomized (0–7 versus 8–10). Good functional outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Results—Seventy-four patients fulfilled our study criteria. The full-scale inter-rater agreement for CT-ASPECTS and DWI-ASPECTS was 0.579 and 0.867, respectively. DWI-ASPECTS correlated with functional outcome (P=0.0...
Long term follow‐up of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes using busulfan, cytosine arabinoside, and cyclophosphamide

We report here the 10-year follow-up of 86 patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). All patients received the busulfan, cytosine arabinoside, and cyclophosphamide (BAC) preparative regimen which consisted of busulfan 16 mg/kg, cytosine arabinoside 8 g/m(2) IV, and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg IV. Fifty-nine patients (69%) had de novo MDS; 26 (30%) had secondary MDS (treatment related), and one had a preceding aplastic anemia which progressed to MDS before transplant. Cytogenetics (80 patients) was classified as good (34%), intermediate (17%), or poor (42%). With a median follow-up for survivors of 124 months, the 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for overall survival (OS) was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31-53%). Cumulative nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and relapse was 43% (95% CI: 32-54%) and 19% (95% CI: 11-27%), respectively. No patient relapsed after 2 years. In patients with RAEB-T/AML, 10-year relapse-free survival (RFS), relapse, and NRM was 36%, 36%, and 27%, respectively. Younger age (P = 0.05), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match (P = 0.002), good risk cytogenetics (P = 0.008), and having a related donor (P = 0.03) significantly improved overall and RFS in the multivariable analysis. The long-term follow-up of patients receiving the BAC regimen with ASCT in this study indicated durable relapse-free and OS with acceptable toxicity in this group of patients with high-risk features.
Action pattern of muscle glycogen synthase.

The action pattern of muscle glycogen synthaseI form was investigated by means of a study of the distribution of radioactive glucosyl units in the glycogen synthesized under variable concentrations of the substrates UDP-glucose and glycogen. A multiple chain mechanism was found to be operative.
The effect of continental shelves on tides

Abstract Coastal tides are influenced by several factors and one of the most important of these is the character of the adjacent continental shelf. A continental margin theory is derived and used to discuss several different aspects of the effect “smooth” continental shelves have on tides. The main results are as follows. (a) The theory suggests, in accordance with observations, that semi-diurnal tides should be amplified on wide shelves in mid and low latitudes, but that diurnal tides should not be amplified. (b) Continental shelf tidal resonance occurs when the shelf scale (gα/(ω2−f2)(α=shelf bottom slope, ω = tidal frequency) is approximately equal to the shelf width. Theoretical arguments and observation can be used to show that shelf resonance occurs, for example, along sections of the northwest Australian shelf. (c) Given the easily obtained coastal tide, theory shows that tides over the continental shelf and slope can be approximately estimated analytically. Calculations using simple prediction formulae can be made on a hand calculator. Subject to some restrictions, a simple and inexpensive method is thus available for estimating barotropic tides on continental shelves. (d) An appropriate boundary condition for global numerical tidal models, which cannot resolve the continental margin region, is derived. For the diurnal tides, the boundary condition can be well approximated by an impermeable wall condition at the deep-sea continental slope boundary. For the semi-diurnal tides, the impermeable wall condition usually, but not always, suffices; it can break down on wide continental shelves.
Correlation of the molar volumes of n-alkanes and their mixtures

Abstract Molar volume data are analyzed for n-alkanes and their mixtures over the range 10 to 126°C and n = 6 to n = 62. At a given temperature the logarithm of the molar volume of pure n-alkane liquids divided by the carbon number is equal to a constant plus a term proportional to the reciprocal of the carbon number. For solutions, deviations from the Bronsted principle of congruence are small, and for any given solution the deviations are proprotional to the product of the volume fractions of the individual components.
Quality of life in social phobia

The person's perception of his or her quality of life has been neglected in studies of mental health in general and anxiety disorders in particular. However, the judgement of the impact of a mental disorder based on symptomatic distress while ignoring one's overall quality of life is incomplete. In the present study, we examined social phobic patients' judgments of their satisfaction with various domains of life they deem important using the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI; Frisch, unpublished). Social phobics judged their overall quality of life lower than Frisch's (unpublished) normative sample. Quality of life was inversely associated with various measures of severity of social phobia (especially social interaction anxiety), functional impairment, and depression. It was not, however, related to performance anxiety or trait anxiety. Quality of life also varied across combinations of subtype of social phobia and the presence/absence of avoidant personality disorder, and as a function of marital status. Patients showed significant improvement in quality of life scores after completion of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia.
Neglect of the therapist and the human dimensions of change: A commentary.

The context for this symposium is outlined, indicating reasons for the emphasis on outcome studies that focus on technique rather than therapist personal qualities. Current trends are critiqued in light of the symposium presentations, and suggestions for the future are provided. Future research needs to take into account humanistic, phenomenological, agentive, and postmodern perspectives as opposed to the present overemphasis on mechanistic/naturalistic conceptions of causality and therapeutic change processes.
Predicting perceptual defense.

Perceptual defense as a phenomenon was proposed by McGinnies in 1949. His findings were, in main, replicated by York, et al. in 1984 and extended by Perroncel, et al. in 1990. The present purpose was to assess whether four independent variables, one related to emotional arousal (GSR) and three, related to connotative word meaning (Evaluative, Potency, and Activity scores from Semantic Differential words used in the Perroncel, et al. study), could predict the perceptual defense phenomenon. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) was .19; however, the percent variance accounted for by the four independent variables was 3%. Clearly, further research is necessary to specify what factors predict the perceptual defense effect.
Antisense imaging: and miles to go before we sleep?

Labeled oligonucleotide analogues for antisense imaging of messenger RNA (mRNA) have great potential for detection of endogenous gene expression in vivo. Successful antisense imaging may be useful for detecting cellular gene expression patterns and early molecular changes in disease. Conclusive demonstration of this technique has been hindered by formidable challenges in surmounting biological barriers and detecting low concentrations of target mRNA. Recent advances in the development of novel antisense molecules, high specific activity radiolabeling chemistry, sophisticated drug targeting technology, and complementary molecular imaging modalities make it quite possible that true antisense imaging will be realized in the near future.
A Theory of Blame

We introduce a theory of blame in five parts. Part 1 addresses what blame is: a unique moral judgment that is both cognitive and social, regulates social behavior, fundamentally relies on social cognition, and requires warrant. Using these properties, we distinguish blame from such phenomena as anger, event evaluation, and wrongness judgments. Part 2 offers the heart of the theory: the Path Model of Blame, which identifies the conceptual structure in which blame judgments are embedded and the information processing that generates such judgments. After reviewing evidence for the Path Model, we contrast it with alternative models of blame and moral judgment (Part 3) and use it to account for a number of challenging findings in the literature (Part 4). Part 5 moves from blame as a cognitive judgment to blame as a social act. We situate social blame in the larger family of moral criticism, highlight its communicative nature, and discuss the darker sides of moral criticism. Finally, we show how the Path Model ...
Static Shape Determination and Control for Large Space Structures: I. The Flexible Beam

A shape control or determination problem for a large space structure involves a linear partial differential equation representing shape displacements with respect to space and time, together with spatially discrete forcing functions or observations which represent the placement of actuators or sensors at discrete points along the structure. The use of Green’s functions to convert boundary value problems into integral equations provides a convenient treatment of this mixture of continuous and discrete mathematics. Static shape control and determination algorithms are developed for one dimensional models, and illustrated with simulations of flexible beam examples. Solutions reduce to the solution of systems of linear equations of dimension less than or equal to the number of observations, or control forces. Approximations to solution elements in terms of modal expansions are presented.
Unequal Legacies: Race and Multiculturalism in the LIS Curriculum

Race remains poorly understood and inadequately represented in library and information science (LIS) education. Educators tend to avoid the term “race,” preferring the more inclusive “multiculturalism.” Yet these terms are far from equivalent: the various dimensions of multiculturalism, including race, ethnicity, class, and gender, have different histories and different theoretical explanations. Four models dominate LIS research and teaching: science/technology, business/management, mission/service, and society/culture. Each has left its own racialized legacy, invisibly influencing the field’s current concepts of race. Drawing on recent research into “whiteness” and racial formation, I show that although each model transmits an inheritance that perpetuates white privilege, each also carries the potential for positive transformation. Arguing that courses in all four areas have the capability to foreground race, the article outlines ways in which faculty, students, and library practitioners together can mak...
Resistive transition in two-dimensional arrays of proximity Josephson junctions: Magnetic field dependence

The resistive transition of two-dimensional arrays of \ensuremath{\sim} 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}$ Pb-Cu proximity junctions is measured with and without external magnetic field. The results for small fields are found to be consistent with the theory of Kosterlitz and Thouless and its extension by Minnhagen. We also observe oscillations in the array resistance with field corresponding to half a flux quantum per cell and one flux quantum per cell.
THE ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF PRECISION IN THE SWETS MODEL, AND ITS RESOLUTION

M. H. Heine has shown that if one follows the retrieval procedure associated with Swets' model of an information retrieval system it is possible that the inverse relationship between Recall and Precision may not hold. In this paper we extend Heine's result to the case where the criterion‐parameter can assume discrete as well as continuous values. A plausible model of this kind is described and it is shown that for that model, Recall and Precision are in fact inversely related. The condition under which this relation may possibly not hold is then examined, and the conclusion is reached that this behaviour is an effect of the customary retrieval procedure, rather than anything intrinsic in the Swets model itself. An alternative logic is proposed in which the expected relationship is restored, as well as performance improved.
Treatment efficacy research: A paradigm for investigating clinical practice and theory

Abstract Some might regard treatment efficacy research as being limited to questions addressing clinical issues, particularly those concerning accountability. Although the notoriety of efficacy research may have been gained from this perspective, such a view ignores the wealth of information this research paradigm has to offer. Research paradigms should be defined by the phenomena under investigation, whether they be clinical or theoretical, rather than being limited to a particular line of inquiry. Frameworks for describing clinical-driven and theory-driven treatment efficacy research will be presented. These frameworks provide an opportunity to appreciate the contributions of treatment efficacy research to the clinical practice of speech/language pathology and the theory underpinning communication sciences and its disorders.