cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of hydration phases in the system CaO–SiO2-P2O5-H2O

Hydration reactions and their rates have been studied qualitatively in CaO-and P2O5-rich compositional regions of the system CaO–SiO2-P2O5-H2O. Using aqueous solutions of Ca (NO3)2–4H2O, Ludox, and H3PO4 as starting materials, amorphous powders made by the sol-gel process were reacted with water. Some “curing” reactions were carried out at several temperatures: room temperature, 90 °C, and under hydrothermal conditions. Some glasses in the phosphate-rich region of the system were also made and hydrated. The hydration products are OH–Ap [OH–Ap = Ca10(PO4)6-(OH)2], Ca(OH)2 [CH = Ca(OH)2],C–S–H crystalline, C–S–P–H (C = CaO,S = SiO2,P = P2O5,H = H2O) crystalline, C–S–H gel, C–S–P–H gel, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, and CaHPO4. All phases have been identified and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). The reactivities of the precursor materials and the compositional-structural nature of the hydration products formed are discussed. Some new compositions for “cementlike behavior” have been discovered.
Theory of superconductivity at high temperatures

Superconductivity is generally explained by an electron-lattice interaction which results in the pairing of electrons and the condensation of these pairs into a state of lower entropy. In high-temperature superconductivity the pairs consist of hybrids in which the top of the oxygen band of the crowded perovskite layer is mixed with the bottom of unoccupiedd- orf-bands from monoxide layers in the crystal. Only electrons and phonons with low quasi-momentum (k) values participate. This makes it possible to localize the lattice perturbation into broad regions in which the van der Waals forces are reduced and the perovskite planes are contracted. The low entropy state associated with superconductivity manifests itself as the formation of a superlattice of lattice distortions which is in actual motion in the current-carrying states. The observability of this superlattice is discussed.
The role of limited cell replicative capacity in pathological age change. A review.

Abstract Physiological functions are carried out by differentiated cells, with finite lifespans, which age and need to be replaced. In young individuals, tissue functions are sustained at optimal levels because cellular dysfunction and cell loss are balanced by the emergence of newly differentiated cells as stem cells and their partially differentiated descendants replicate. However, with the passage of time the mitotic rates of these cells diminish. Eventually, replications occur too infrequently to offset the loss. It is at this point that the tissue begins to show structural changes and declining function which, as they become pervasive, are identified as “ageing”. In this paper the theory is set forth that: (1) Diminishing mitotic activity in older tissues results from limited stem cell replicative capacity. (2) All stem cells, regardless of tissue, exhibit similar replicative patterns over time, progressing from the actively proliferating to the nonproliferating state. However, stem cells in different kinds of tissue have different rates of replicative decline, with the result that some tissues show age earlier than others. (3) The combination of two cellular properties—differentiated cell ageing and limited stem cell replicative capacity—is sufficient to establish the framework in which other pathological changes characteristic of aged people and animals take place.
Variability in Nutritional Value of Cultivars and Breeding Lines of Dry Field Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) for Chicks

Abstract The nutritional value of cultivars and breeding lines of dry field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were evaluated using a chick growth assay. The crude protein (N X 6.25) varied from 20.1 to 26.4% among the lines tested. Beans from each line were ground, autoclaved, and used to supply 11% protein in a diet containing 22.6% total protein. Pinto beans gave significantly better growth than Red Mexican and Pink beans. Among Pinto beans, breeding lines 6R-113 and 6R-476 gave significantly better growth compared to most of the other lines in the same type. White bean cultivars, Sanilac and Aurora, gave significantly better growth than most of the other White beans. Among the Pink beans, breeding line 7-SR gave significantly better growth than other lines of this type. The differences among the breeding lines varied from 37 to 78% of the control soybean meal in their ability to support chick growth.
A phase II trial of interleukin‐2 in myelodysplastic syndromes

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) show a decrease in the number and function of natural killer (NK) cells, including lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulates the proliferation and activity of these lymphocytes. Anecdotal clinical experience has shown haematological and cytogenetic improvement in myelodysplasia by low-dose IL-2 treatment. A total of 10 patients with MDS were treated with 1 million units of IL-2 subcutaneously daily for 12 weeks. Even though improvement in CD16+/CD56+ cell numbers was seen in a majority of the patients, the haematological status and transfusion requirements remained unchanged. There was minimal toxicity from this therapy.
Incremental Formulations in Vascular Mechanics

The pulsatile deformations of the large arteries can be viewed as small time-varying deformations superposed on large deformations. This motivates the study of the incremental deformations of the vascular tissue. Unfortunately, because of the variety of possible choices of definitions of stresses and strains, the choice of the characterizing incremental moduli is not unique, which has led to much ambiguity and confusion in the literature. This communication systematically presents some of the options available for characterization of orthotropic incremental deformations of the vascular tissue, and provides explicit formulas for interconversions of incremental elastic moduli for uniaxial tests on strips of incompressible tissue. Relative merits of various choices are discussed.
Molecular simulation of thermal direct coal liquefaction

Abstract A mechanistic simulation of direct coal liquefaction was developed which utilizes the technique of Monte Carlo simulation for both: (1) the creation of a molecular coal structure and (2) modelling of its subsequent pyrolysis under liquefaction conditions. Molecular information gained from laboratory experiments was used to assess the model and to help educe the predominant reaction paths and mechanisms of liquefaction. This suggested that the initial stages of liquefaction are controlled by initiation-hydrogen transfer-termination chemistry. Ether linkages were shown to produce liquid products while thioether linkages were shown to produce gas products. In addition, retrograde reactions were shown to become progressively more important as the conversion reached 30%, approximately two minutes into the liquefaction at 400°C.
Cataloging Early Atlases: A Reference Source

SUMMARY The cataloging of early atlases presents a multitude of challenges to catalogers. This is true primarily because an atlas is a collection of maps in “book” form but also because the item is an early or “rare” item. This article attempts to provide the cataloger with the necessary guidance for cataloging early atlases by reviewing the relevant cataloging sources, discussing the issues relevant to early atlas cataloging, and providing examples of early atlas cataloging. The article is intended to serve as a “reference source” for those individuals who will be cataloging early atlases.
A Postdetection Method of Measuring Predetection RF Signal-to-Noise Ratio

A method of determining the predetection signal-to-noise power ratio in a radio receiving system by measurement of average postdetection signal-plus-noise and noise-only voltages (dc output of the detector) is described. The principle has actually been known for many years, but does not seem to be well known or widely used, possibly because of some associated computational difficulties. Some digital computer tabulated results are presented which remove these difficulties, and measurement techniques are discussed. The calculation of expected signal-to-noise ratio for radio and radar systems is briefly reviewed.
When Context Has Content A Case Study of New Teacher Induction in the University of Chicago’s Urban Teacher Education Program

Reviews of research evaluating the impact of beginning teacher induction suggest that the mixed results may be due to the fact that the programs do not fully address school context. We examine how ...
Prostate cancer: correlation of MR images with tissue optical density at pathologic examination.

To explain the variability in detection of prostate cancer with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors correlated preoperative MR findings in 28 patients with tissue optical density (TOD) measurements on whole-mount pathologic slides prepared from radical prostatectomy specimens. TOD was used as an indicator of the degree of tissue compactness or openness. TOD measurements from proved cancers and from pathologic regions corresponding to MR lesions (areas of low signal intensity seen at T2-weighted MR imaging) were compared with TOD measurements from adjacent, nonmalignant tissue. TOD measurements corresponding to MR lesions were higher than noncancerous tissue measurements in all cases (P less than .005). Although most of these lesions represented cancers (21 of 30), nine of 30 represented benign tissue that was composed mainly of densely packed fibromuscular stroma (30% false-positive results). Thus, signal intensity appeared to be related to TOD rather than to a specific histologic tissue type, and the finding of a peripheral zone lesion with low signal intensity did not necessarily indicate the presence of a cancer.
Angular sizes of the faint blue galaxies

We investigate the angular sizes, morphologies and B-1 colours of the 21 :::;; I :::;; 24 galaxies imaged on 10 Wide Field Planetary Camera fields. The number of galaxies with bluer colours (B - 1< 2.0) and moderately large angular sizes exceeds non­ evolving predictions by a factor of ~ 2, but is consistent with pure L * evolution (PLE) models. There is also an excess of galaxies of smaller angular size with very blue B-1 colours, suggesting the presence of a lower redshift starburst dwarf galaxy population, with a steep luminosity function. The bluest (B - I < 1.2) subsample, consisting of 57 galaxies at 21 < 1< 23, contained galaxies with a wide range of angular size and morphology, including spirals, chain galaxies, irregulars and bulge-profile nucleated galaxies. The blue spirals and chain galaxies tend to have the lowest apparent surface brightness, suggesting that they are mostly evolving L * galaxies at higher (z ~ 0.8-2.0) redshifts, while many of the others, with smaller angular sizes, may be starburst dwarf galaxies atz<O.5. At least 16 of these very blue galaxies appear to be interacting, but we find no overall correlation between B-1 colour and the presence of a near neighbour. The angular size distribution of the bluest galaxies is peaked at smaller angular sizes than the PLE model predictions, suggesting that the mean half-light radius of spiral galaxies has increased with time by ~ 25 per cent since z ~ 1.2. Blue galaxies of spiral morphology tend to have larger (by ~ 0.2 dex) half-light radii in the blue band than in the I band, indicating strong radial colour gradients.
AN FMN‐PHOTOSYSTEM I PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

— We have made a photovoltaic cell using Photosystem I subchloroplast particles isolated according to the method of Shiozawa et al. (1974). The particles were placed on a filter between two compartments one of which contained the electron donor, K4Fe(CN)6 and the other the electron acceptor, FMN. Upon illumination with white light (I= 80 W/m2) a potential of 300 mV was observed across a 3000 Ω load resistance. Both Photosystem I photochemistry and direct photoreactions of FMN contribute to the process. A power output of 20 μW was observed for a 2 cm2 filter containing 60 μg chlorophyll. This corresponds to 0.1 W/m2. The power efficiency was 0.13%. The short circuit current was 108 μA.
Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Colonization on Upland Cottons and Relationships to Leaf Morphology and Leaf Age

We compared Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring colonization on Stoneville (ST) 474 and Deltapine (DPL) 5415 cottons, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the field. We also examined leaf trichome density, leaf age, and leaf morphological characteristics as possible factors influencing cultivar host selection. The increased numbers of all B. argentifolii life stages on ST 474 in the field appeared to be related to the higher trichome density on abaxial leaf surfaces compared with DPL 5415. In both cultivars, leaves from node number 1 below the terminals were smaller and had higher vascular bundle densities and numbers of lysigenous glands than older, larger leaves. Younger leaves also had smaller leaf areole areas, more terminal vein endings per unit leaf area, and shorter distances from abaxial leaf surfaces to minor vein phloem tissues compared with older leaves. These younger leaf morphological characteristics may contribute to the higher B. argentifolii densities on younger leaves. In the laboratory, electronically monitored adult females and visually monitored settled first and fourth instars preferred to probe into secondary and tertiary leaf veins as compared with main and primary leaf veins.
Applicant pool for emergency medicine residency programs: information on minority and female applicants.

Abstract [Martin ML: Applicant pool for emergency medicine residency programs: Information on minority and female applicants. Ann Emerg Med March 1996;27:331-338.] See related editorials, Applicant Pool for Emergency Medicine Residencies and Underrepresentation in the Applicant Pool for Emergency Medicine Residencies
Low-cost assessment tools for the development of psychomotor competency in procedural surgical skills

Abstract. While didactic training is a crucial element of education in the health care profession, current technologies leveraging low cost data acquisition and processing may provide an attractive alternative means for rapid, objective assessment of the foundational skills. When these technologies are leveraged towards improving the procedural surgical skill set, there is a strong opportunity for enhancing current training practices. While the proctor will still play a crucial role in the refinement of clinical judgment, affordable options for rapid training of procedural skills may serve as an avenue to free an expert proctor to focus on the more nuanced elements of medical training. Here we propose and implement a system for the low cost assessment and training of procedural surgical skills. A knot-tying module and a tool articulation module were created using affordable sensing technologies, and initial validation with a trained clinician showed that the devices could discriminate correctly and poorly tied knots. The system lays the framework for a modular experiential component of skills development in the training of health professionals.
Steady-state amounts of α- and luteinizing hormone (LH) β-subunit messenger ribonucleic acids are uncoupled from pulsatility of LH secretion during sexual maturation of the heifer

Our primary objective for this study was to determine whether steady-state amounts of a- and LU 13-subunit mRNAs in the anterior pituitary are altered during sexual maturation in the bovine female. A secondary objective was to determine whether 1713-estradiol (E2) alters amounts of LH subunit mRNAs before onset of puberty. Heifers (7 mo old) were assigned to one of three treatments: 1) ovariectomized (OVX, n = 16); 2) OVX and administered E2 (OVXE, n = 16); or 3) ovary-intact (INTACT, n = 20). Pituitaries were collected at an estimated 120 days before onset of puberty (prepuberty) or 25 days before onset of puberty (peripuberty). Six INTACT heifers were used to determine time of puberty during the experimental period, and their pituitaries were collected 40 h after administration of prostaglandin F�,. (postpubertal INTACT group). Relative amounts of mRNAs for LH subunits in each pituitary were determined by Northern analysis and scanning densitometry. Amounts of a- and LU 13subunit mRNAs were lower in pituitaries of INTACT heifers and OVXE heifers, regardless of stage of sexual maturation, than in those of OVX heifers. Amounts of a-subunit mRNA were similar in OVXE and INTACT heifers regardless of stage of sexual maturation. Amounts of LU 13-subunit mRNA did not change during sexual maturation in heifers in the INTACT group. Concentrations of E2 were higher and LH 13-subunit mRNA were lower in heifers from the prepubertal OVXE group than in heifers in all other treatment groups. We conclude that steady-state amounts of a- and LU 13-subunit mRNAs are not limiting during sexual maturation in the bovine female. However, when concentrations of E2 are elevated during the prepubertal period tothose typical of the follicular phase of the bovine estrous cycle, levels of LH 13-subunit mRNA are specifically suppressed.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Epidemiological Models

Modern epidemiology has made use of a number of mathematical models, including ordinary differential equation (ODE) based models and agent based models (ABMs) to describe the dynamics of how a disease may spread within a population and enable the rational design of strategies for intervention that effectively contain the spread of the disease. Although such predictions are of fundamental importance in preventing the next global pandemic, there is a significant gap in trusting the outcomes/predictions solely based on such models. Hence, there is a need to develop approaches such that mathematical models can be calibrated against historical data. In addition, there is a need to develop rigorous uncertainty quantification approaches that can provide insights into when a model will fail and characterize the confidence in the (possibly multiple) model outcomes/predictions, when such retrospective analysis cannot be performed. In this paper, we outline an approach to develop uncertainty quantification approaches for epidemiological models using formal methods and model checking. By specifying the outcomes expected from a model in a suitable spatio-temporal logic, we use probabilistic model checking methods to quantify the probability with which the epidemiological model satisfies a given behavioral specification. We argue that statistical model checking methods can solve the uncertainty quantification problem for complex epidemiological models.
The symbolic dynamics of multidimensional tiling systems

We prove a multidimensional version of the theorem that every shift of finite type has a power that can be realized as the same power of a tiling system. We also show that the set of entropies of tiling systems equals the set of entropies of shifts of finite type.
Response of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) to honey bee (Apis mellifera) and beehive-produced volatiles

The response of male and female Small Hive Beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, to air-borne volatiles from adult worker bees, (Apis mellifera), pollen, unripe honey, beeswax, wax by-products ("slumgum"), and bee brood, was investigated in olfactometric and flight-tunnel choice bioassays. In both bioassay systems, males and females responded strongly to the volatiles from worker bees, freshly collected pollen and slumgum but not to those from commercially available pollen, beeswax and bee brood. The response to pollen volatiles was dose dependent, while response to volatiles from worker bees increased with both the number and age of the bees. Females were more responsive than males to the different volatile sources, with greater response in tests with unripe honey. In flight-tunnel choice tests, Super Q-trapped volatiles from worker bees elicited a response comparable to the response to living workers, while trapped volatiles from other sources were not attractive.
Strategies for Studying Client Satisfaction

One way of measuring public agency effectiveness is through the criterion of client satisfaction. The use of satisfaction as an outcome variable has a long history in the organizational psychology literature and a shorter history in the development of subjective social indicators of the quality of life. In general, satisfaction levels in all areas—job, life, government agencies—are higher than anticipated by researchers and the lay public, do not yield much variation among social classes, job categories, or agency experiences, and tend to be more favorable when own experience is assessed rather than when others' experiences are assessed. Several strategies are suggested by which researchers have tried or might try to improve satisfaction studies. These include forsaking subjective outcome measures for objective outcome measures, trying to develop a “better” measure of satisfaction, using facet-specific measures of satisfaction rather than global, general measures, using other words with similar meanings (e.g., happiness, contentment), and exploring the cognitive meaning of satisfaction for respondents. The last strategy is endorsed as a relatively untried but potentially fruitful approach.
Evaluation of Metaphycus spp. for Suppression of Black Scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) on Southern California Citrus

Abstract We compared the performance of three Metaphycus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as potential biological control agents of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), on southern California citrus. Metaphycus sp. nr. flavus (Howard), Metaphycus helvolus (Compere), and Metaphycus luteolus (Timberlake) were released into sleeve cages covering black scale infested citrus branches. As indicators of biological control, we assessed scale survival and the percentage of scales parasitized by Metaphycus spp. Three release timings were evaluated (11 November, 24 December, and 28 February). For each release date, terminals were retrieved on three occasions (0.5–1 mo after release, 1.5–2.5 mo after release, and immediately before female scales began reproducing, i.e., mid-May to mid-June). Only M. sp. nr. flavus significantly reduced black scale survival and increased parasitism rates compared with background levels. Metaphycus helvolus showed a tendency to reduce scale survival, although no effect of M. luteolus ...
Gender Mistrust and Intimate Partner Violence During Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

Recent research has demonstrated that gender mistrust influences the formation and stability of intimate relationships. However, several scholars have noted that individuals form unions despite high levels of mistrust. Yet limited work has examined the implications of gender mistrust for relationship quality, including the experience of intimate partner violence. Furthermore, few quantitative studies have examined correlates of gender mistrust, particularly with regard to identifying factors associated with changes in feelings of mistrust over time. Using the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, we examined longitudinal predictors of gender mistrust among a sample of adolescents and young adults (n = 4,466 observations) and found that although parents’ gender mistrust and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with initial levels of mistrust, individuals’ own relationship experiences further shaped trajectories of gender mistrust over time. Additionally, feelings of mistrust corresponded to he...
Long-term post-processing disintegration of aluminum–carbon nanotube composites

This paper reports on the post-processing disintegration of melt-infiltrated aluminum–carbon nanotube (Al–CNT) composites. The paper shows that un-optimized processing conditions can lead to the deterioration of the consolidated composite into micro-scale powder over time. Extensive characterization of the disintegration process over unprecedented post-processing times of ~2.5 years was conducted. The effect of post-processing time on the morphological and phase changes is discussed. The paper points to the importance and need to evaluate the long-term properties of Al–CNT composites.
Viral Regulation of Cell Tropism in Human Cytomegalovirus

The viral glycoproteins that decorate enveloped viruses play crucial roles in cell entry and in large part dictate the spectrum of cell types that a virus can infect. The identification in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) of a viral endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoprotein that regulates the composition of alternative viral envelope glycoprotein complexes raises the intriguing possibility that certain viruses might actively regulate the tropism of progeny virions to improve their fitness or to navigate through the host.
Housing Portfolio Risk Reduction through High-Tech Industry Diversification

Executive Summary. This paper examines the gain of housing portfolio efficiency obtainable through a mixed portfolio by combining geographic characteristics and high-tech industry activities across...
Missing Data in Principal Surrogacy Settings

When an outcome of interest in a clinical trial is late-occurring or difficult to obtain, good surrogate markers can reliably extract information about the effect of the treatment on the outcome of interest. Surrogate measures are obtained post-randomization, and thus the surrogate–outcome relationship may be subject to unmeasured confounding. Thus Frangakis and Rubin (Biometrics 58:21–29, 2002) suggested assessing the causal effect of treatment within “principal strata” defined by the counterfactual joint distribution of the surrogate marker under the treatment arms. Li et al. (Biometrics 66:523–531, 2010) elaborated this suggestion for binary markers and outcomes, developing surrogacy measures that have causal interpretations and utilizing a Bayesian approach to accommodate non-identifiability in the model parameters. Here we extend this work to accommodate missing data under ignorable and non-ignorable settings, focusing on latent ignorability assumptions (Frangakis and Rubin, Biometrika 86:365–379, 1999; Peng et al., Biometrics 60:598–607, 2004; Taylor and Zhou, Biometrics 65:88–95, 2009). We also allow for the possibility that missingness has a counterfactual component, one that might differ between the treatment and control due to differential dropout, a feature that previous literature has not addressed.
Assessing Human Health Risk to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: a Focus on Prenatal Exposures and Oxidative Stress.

Understanding the health risk posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a challenge that is receiving intense attention. The following study criteria should be considered to facilitate risk assessment for exposure to EDCs: 1) characterization of target health outcomes and their mediators, 2) study of exposures in the context of critical periods of development, 3) accurate estimates of human exposures and use of human-relevant exposures in animal studies, and 4) cross-species comparisons. In this commentary, we discuss the importance and relevance of each of these criteria in studying the effects of prenatal exposure to EDCs. Our discussion focuses on oxidative stress as a mediator of EDC-related health effects due to its association with both EDC exposure and health outcomes. Our recent study (Veiga-Lopez et al. 2015)1 addressed each of the 4 outlined criteria and demonstrated that prenatal bisphenol-A exposure is associated with oxidative stress, a risk factor for developing diabetes and cardiova...
Simulations of Electrospray in a Colloid Thruster with a High Resolution Three-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Model

A new multi-scale Particle-in-Cell (PIC) methodology to simulate multispecies electrosprays in colloid thrusters is presented. The ionic liquid particles, whose formation is simulated by molecular dynamics (MD), are introduced into the computational domain of the PIC model and tracked as they travel towards the extractor ring. The PIC solver is based on the solution of Poisson’s equation in the absence of magnetic fields. The spatial domain is discretized by the finite difference method with a multi-level grid. The computational domain is decomposed in one dimension along the expansion axis and the corresponding linear equations are solved within the framework of PETSc. Number density distributions of ion and droplet species, thrust, specific impulse, and current are computed for different operating conditions of the electrospray. The results of the PIC simulations are compared with experiment and found to be in good agreement. The use of MD simulations to define the initial conditions for the PIC solver extends the atomistic length scale to that of an electrospray device.
Purification of Conjugated Bilirubin: A New Approach Utilizing Albumin-Agarose Gel Affinity Chromatography

Bilirubin, an organic anion and breakdown product of heme, is excreted chiefly by the liver by a process involving uptake by the hepatocyte and subsequent conjugation to form a more polar compound (1). The availability of purified preparations of bilirubin, especially of radiolabeled bilirubin, has greatly facilitated studies of its metabolism (1-5). Study of the transport of bilirubin from blood to bile, however, must also include consideration of the mechanisms for excretion of bilirubin conjugates. Such study has been limited because of difficulty in obtaining conjugated bilirubin free of significant quantities of contaminants (6-19).Recent studies of albumin-agarose gel affinity chromatography have revealed that the gels have a high affinity for bilirubin and a relatively low affinity and capacity for tri-and dihydroxy bile acids (20, 21), suggesting that this method might effectively separate bilirubin conjugates from other components in bile. We describe here, a rapid and relatively simple method fo...
Moth Mites of Tyringham, Massachusetts, 1952—1977: a Summary and Prospectus

Cumulative graphic and tabular records covering a period of 27 years show associations of more than 37 species of mites with some 137 species of moths, chiefly noctuids, collected at light in western Massachusetts. Abundance of mites varied from year to year, with peak incidence for most species in late July and early Aug. Tympanic parasites of the mite genus Dicrocheles were by far the most numerous, with more than 1800 mite-host associations recorded. In 1976 D. scedastes , formerly known from the Old World only, outnumbered the common New World species, D. phalaenodectes; in 1977 the number of D. scedastes was low in comparison with D. phalaenodectes. Dicrocheles and certain other moth mites may be redistributed by annual migrations of their hosts and might prove useful in studying patterns of pest moth migration.
The use of freeze-dried bone as a biologic crib for ridge augmentation: A preliminary report

Freeze-dried bank bone has been used as a biologic crib, packed with autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest, to augment mandibular and maxillary ridges. This technique entails little morbidity. It has been used in six patients, with good clinical success. Three of the patients who underwent mandibular augmentations began wearing dentures within 3 months after augmentation surgery. One patient had a soft-tissue breakdown overlying a graft to the maxilla and subsequently lost a portion (less than one third) of the graft; the other two patients are currently ungoing denture construction. Secondary procedures, such as vestibuloplasty, have been necessary in only two of the six patients. Long-term follow-up is needed, but clinical and radiographic evidence to date demonstrates good results.
Hückel and Möbius Bond-Shifting Routes to Configuration Change in Dehydro[4n+2]annulenes

Computational investigation of the potential energy surfaces of dehydro[10]- and dehydro[14]annulenes revealed that mechanisms involving Huckel and Mobius π-bond shifting can explain the observed o...
Utility of Esophagram versus High-Resolution Manometry in the Detection of Esophageal Dysmotility

ObjectiveThis study compared barium esophagram with high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) results to determine whether esophagram is an adequate screening examination for esophageal motility d...
Investigation of perioperative antibacterial drug utilization in 183 patients undergoing cesarean section

Objective: To investigate the situation of antibacterial agents utilization during perioperative period in cesarean section cases of Fuxing Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences,and provide basis for rational use of drugs in clinical work.Methods: The situation of perioperative antibacterial drug utilization in 183 patients undergoing(cesarean section) from January to June,2005,in this hospital was analyzed retrospectively.Results: The use of antibacterials was 100% among 183 patients,and the highest rate of use was cefuroxime.Ninety three point four percent of the patients were given the medicine within 4 h(after) operation and the average course of treatment was(2.85±0.06) d. Conclusion: There is irrational prophylactic use of antibacterials for cesarean section patients during perioperative period in this hospital,and the primary problems are the inappropriate timing of medication,too large dose and over prolonged use of the drugs,so some necessary adjustment should be made according to relevant principles of application of antibacterials.
What's New? Institutional Transformation and Women's Political Representation in Italy

Do new institutions open new opportunities for political women? Evidence from a range of scholarship indicates that when new political institutions are established, women often benefit by having their presence increased, as numbers of elected women rise. New institutions may offer particular opportunities for new actors. Newly established institutions (e.g. new parliaments) and new institutional arrangements (e.g. new electoral systems) are likely to introduce unpredictability for political parties and political elites. In conditions of uncertainty, all potential contenders for political office grapple with new circumstances, and previous knowledge and position may fail to position previously established political elites for electoral advantage. Those representing new groups, or persons who have not previously held or contested for office, like women, may find themselves, in relative terms, less disadvantaged than was their experience under previously established or “old” institutions. In short, “[n]ewness is likely to require adjustment by all parliamentary actors” (Beckwith 2007, 38). What is the relationship between newly established institutions and actors new to institutions? This paper, part of a larger project, develops a framework for examining the intersection of new institutions and new actors in West European democracies. The paper theorizes “newness,” what “new” means in the context of institutions and actors, and how “newness” can be operationalized. How does “newness” function? Which components (or combination thereof) of newness produce specific outcomes? Aspects of the new include innovation, flexibility, inexperience, openness, and freedom from convention and conventional practices. In contrast, absence of change – or continuity of institutions and actors – includes factors of experience, established structures and practices, closedness, inability to adapt to unforeseen challenges (Pierson 2004, 2000) and susceptibility to “surprise” (Kantor 1977, 969). Not all aspects of “new” are carried into newly established institutions; similarly, “old” institutions may relinquish some components of the old. The paper identifies, for selected cases, those elements of new institutions that function to open specific opportunities for new actors. Focusing on Italy, the paper identifies specific institutional changes in terms of political system (major constitutional changes), electoral system, and party system, identifying where new institutions and arrangements were established. Institutional change is treated as a separate (and interactive) variable, to identify sets of intersections of actors and institutions in terms of newness, and to assess the impacts of new institutional arrangements on women’s access to national legislatures and women’s activism in shaping new institutions.
British Drama of the Industrial Revolution

Introduction 1. Playing the provinces 2. Patronage: merchants, tradesmen 3. Combination acts and friendly societies 4. Weavers 5. Mines and mills 6. King Ludd, Captain Swing, Captain Rock 7. Vagrants, beggars 8. Poachers, smugglers, wreckers, coiners 9. Explosions, conflagrations, and other happy endings.
Thermostability of mammalian brain ribosomes and the effects of nucleoside triphosphates on their heat-sensitivity.

Mammalian brain ribosomes were found to be heat-labile. On preincubation of the ribosomes at 37°C, their ability to participate in polypeptide-synthesis reactions was substantially diminished. Despite the sensitivity of ribosomal protein synthesis to heat-inactivation, preincubation resulted in no significant alterations in ribosomal sedimentation profiles or changes in the integrity of the ribosomal RNA. The thermolability of brain ribosomes was shown to be associated with their inability to bind both template RNA and aminoacyl-tRNA. Similar experiments with brain ribosomal subunits demonstrated that the small (40S) subunit was more sensitive to heat-inactivation than the large (60S) subunit. The presence of ATP (1mm) protected ribosomes from thermal inactivation, although this protection was shown to be temporary. The protection appeared to be specific to nucleoside triphosphates, since GTP and UTP also stabilized ribosomes to thermal denaturation whereas nucleoside diphosphates (ADP) and nucleoside monophosphates (AMP and cyclic AMP) did not alter ribosomal sensitivity to heat. Although 1mm concentrations of nucleoside triphosphates protected ribosomes from heat-inactivation, the presence of higher concentrations resulted in complete inactivation of ribosomal activity.
Composition of Soybeans and Soybean Products

Publisher Summary The soybean seed consists of three major parts: the seed coat, or hull, cotyledons; and germ, or hypocotyl. The seed coat contains the hilum, which is the point of attachment to the pod. The neutral lipid composition of soybean oil is composed primarily of triglycerides, or triacylglycerols, with varying fatty acids as part of their structure. The fatty acids of soybean oil are primarily unsaturated. The three common unsaturated fatty acids—oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid—can exist in more than one form. The primary inorganic components of the soybean are minerals, which vary in concentration according to the variety chosen.
Ear Keloid Treated with Infiltrated Non-cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid and Cortisone Therapy.

BACKGROUND Several treatments are available to treat the keloid scar. Keloids have the tendency to recur after surgical removal and new treatments for keloid scars include radiotherapy, cryotherapy or compressive therapy. Topical treatments have been also used to treat this pathology, such as injections or medical device applications. CASE REPORT A 33-year-old man came to our attention and we treated him for a keloid scar located between the ear's helical tubercle and the ante-helix upper root of the left ear. This keloid arose 20 years earlier following a bilateral otoplasty. We proposed an association therapy using a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid and cortisone. CONCLUSION The associated treatment was able to determine a complete resolution of the keloid without recurrence several months later.
“The Indians of every denomination were free, and independent of us”: Anglo-Virginian explorations of indigenous slavery, freedom, and society, 1772–1830

ABSTRACTIn arguing against Indian slavery, plaintiff’s attorneys in the 1772 Virginia General Court case Robin v Hardaway faced a dilemma: how could they condemn enslavement while mollifying public conviction that Indigenous “savagery” made them dangerous to community stability? Their solution, rooted in a nearly two-century discourse of slavery and freedom, was to insist that Indians derived from independent polities (unlike other enslaved communities). As such, they were both inherently free and outside the evolving Anglo-American body politic, and whites could legitimately deprive them of property, happiness, and safety. Subsequent Virginia freedom cases contributed to the discourse employed in Robin, as did early-nineteenth-century US Supreme Court decisions. It came to underpin civilization policies as well as removal, once older understandings of Anglo-American “civility” became untenable to Southern whites.
Finding Credible Information Sources in Social Networks Based on Content and Social Structure

A task of primary importance for social network users is to decide whose updates to subscribe to in order to maximize the relevance, credibility, and quality of the information received. To address this problem, we conducted an experiment designed to measure the extent to which different factors in online social networks affect both explicit and implicit judgments of credibility. The results of the study indicate that both the topical content of information sources and social network structure affect source credibility. Based on these results, we designed a novel method of automatically identifying and ranking social network users according to their relevance and expertise for a given topic. We performed empirical studies to compare a variety of alternative ranking algorithms and a proprietary service provided by a commercial website specifically designed for the same purpose. Our findings show a great potential for automatically identifying and ranking credible users for any given topic.
Determinants of Geographic Voter Participation Rate Differentials: the 2014 Mid-Term Election

Voter participation rates vary widely across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. This empirical study seeks, within the context of a broadened version of the “rational voter model,” to identify determinants of this geographic variation. Using the 2014 mid-term general election, it was found that the voter participation rate across states and the District of Columbia was positively related to whether there is a close governor’s race or a close U.S. Senate race, the female labor force participation rate, the percent of the population aged 65 and over, the number of referenda on the ballot, and the degree of voting-by-mail usage. In addition, it was found that voter turnout was negatively related to the percentages of the population that are either Hispanic or Afro-American.
A panel of biomarkers to improve specificity in presurgical assessment of adnexal masses for risk of ovarian malignancy.

5573 Background: OVA1 is a panel of biomarkers cleared by FDA currently in clinical use for pre-surgical assessment of adnexal masses for risk of ovarian malignancy. To further improve the specific...
Structures and properties of Ormosils

Organically modified silicates (ORMOSILS) can be conveniently divided into three types. In Type A, the organic such as a dye, is mixed into the sol-gel liquid solution. On gelation, the organic is trapped in the gel. In Type B, a porous oxide gel is first formed and the porosity and pore size controlled by heating. An organic is then impregnated into the pores of the gel. In Type C, the organic is added to the oxide gel liquid solution but unlike Type A, a chemical bond is formed between the oxide and the organic. Types A, B and C can further be mixed. Together, these various types of ORMOSILS offer a very wide spectrum of chemistry, structures and applications. They constitute a new family of exciting materials with new scientific challenges and technical possibilities. A critical review will be presented on these ORMOSILS including structures, properties and applications.
Siouxland Dairy Lenders Seminar Focus OnDairy Enterprise Issues

Agricultural lenders in the six Northwest Iowa counties serve over 100 dairymen, representing production from over 57,000 cows. Add to that Siouxland producers in the surrounding states and the numbers double. A review of programing for dairy lenders in Siouxland found that little programing had been directed to dairy lenders specifically in recent years. With the stresses of low milk prices, variable feed prices and high land prices, lenders were often using dated budgets and formulas to evaluate profitability of dairy enterprises. A Dairy Lenders Seminar for the Siouxland area was developed based on the Tri- State Lenders Conference (IA, IL, WI) as a template, conducted and evaluated in November 2017. 41 lenders came from four states, representing 14 lending institutions plus four other industries. From those that returned program evaluations their attendance translated to 65 dairies, 69,725 milking cows and 97,400 acres producing feed for those cows. Overall, 88 percent of respondents were mostly, or completely satisfied with the activity and 100 percent would recommend the activity to others. In addition, 65 percent anticipated benefiting economically as a direct result of what they learned from this Extension activity. When asked about the presenters, 100 percent were mostly or completely satisfied with their knowledge and responses to questions. Over 73 percent of the lenders indicated that one or more of their clients planned on expanding their herds; Fourteen percent predicted at least one of their clients would exit the industry; and 17 percent believed that one or more of their clients would add robotic milkers to their operations. We evaluated increase in the level of understanding and found that the highest change was in the understanding comparing profitability of conventional, organic and grazing dairies at 88 percent. Next, was dairy component markets and how it affects farm-gate prices plus the information on analyzing enterprises for profitability, both at 55 percent. Finally, plans to adopt a practice or technology as the result of a program is the truest measure of success for Extension programs, with 100 percent of respondents indicating the commodity market updates would be most likely. Overall, this initial Siouxland Dairy lenders Seminar was highly successful and will be held annually in the future.
Pre-Modern to Early Modern: From Mirror of God to Mirror of Nature

This chapter discusses the principles and essential distinctions constituting the study of Western psychology from Socrates to the beginning of Renaissance and Early Modern psychology. These principles and distinctions are associated with such luminaries as: Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Epictetus, Thomas Aquinas, and William of Ockham. Inextricably entwined with principles of ethics and morality, Pre-Modern psychology showcases an emphasis on the principles of freedom of the will, natural law, personhood, teleology and soteriology. A significant explication is provided regarding the systems of psychology found in the writings of Plato and Aristotle with their principles and distinctions organized in terms of structure, function, and methodology.
Thermophysiological responses to hyperthermic drugs: extrapolating from rodent to human ☆

This chapter focuses on the effects of hyperthermia on drug and chemical toxicity. In general, hyperthermia exacerbates the toxicity of many types of drugs and environmental toxicants. Using rodents to model the potential responses of humans to hyperthermic drugs is hampered by the unique differences in thermoregulatory ability and body mass. Because of their relatively large surface area:mass ratio, ambient temperature has a more profound influence on the potential hyperthermic effect of a drug in rodents. The relative increase in heat production (i.e., as a percentage of their basal metabolic rate) required to raise core temperature by 1 degrees C will increase with a decrease in body mass. The thermoregulatory response to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used to illustrate the differences in thermoregulatory responses of rats and humans to a hyperthermic drug. Overall, the interaction between ambient temperature and drug-induced changes in body temperature is critical in the evaluation of hyperthermic-induced toxicity in rodent models.