cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Construction and use of a computerized DNA fingerprint database for lactic acid bacteria from silage

Efficient selection of new silage inoculant strains from a collection of over 10,000 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) requires excellent strain discrimination. Toward that end, we constructed a GelCompar II database of DNA fingerprint patterns of ethidium bromide-stained EcoRI fragments of total LAB DNA separated by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that the total DNA patterns were strain-specific; 56/60 American Type Culture Collection strains of 33 species of LAB could be distinguished. Enterococcus faecium strains ATCC19434 and ATCC35667 had identical total DNA patterns and RiboPrints®. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains ATCC7469 and ATCC27773 also had identical total DNA patterns, but different RiboPrints®. EcoRI RiboPrint® patterns could distinguish only about 9/23 Lactobacillus plantarum strains and about 6/10 Lactobacillus buchneri strains, whereas all 33 strains could be distinguished by EcoRI total DNA patterns. Despite gel-to-gel variation, new DNA patterns can be readily grouped with existing patterns using GelCompar II. The database contains large homogenous clusters of L. plantarum, E. faecium, L. buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus species that can be used for tentative taxonomic assignment. We routinely use the DNA fingerprint database to identify and characterize new strains, eliminate duplicate isolates and for quality control of inoculant product strains. The GelCompar II database has been in continuous use for 7 years and contains more than 3600 patterns representing approximately 700 unique patterns from over 300 gels and is the largest computerized DNA fingerprint database for LAB yet reported.
Enhancement of pentobarbital effect by continuous administration of morphine in the mouse

Abstract These studies demonstrated that continuous morphine treatment from implantation of a 75 mg morphine pellet for 3 days potentiated pentobarbital narcosis and enhanced pentobarbital hypothermia. In the morphine implant mice, sleeping time after two different doses of pentobarbital was greater than 2.5 × the sleeping time in placebo pellet implant animals and also greater than sleeping time in animals treated acutely with morphine prior to pentobarbital. Moreover, in the morphine implant mice both the degree and duration of pentobarbital induced hypothermia were enhanced. The above findings were due to slower rate of metabolism of pentobarbital as evidenced by inhibition of hepatic N-demethylation, and higher levels of brain and serum pentobarbital in the morphine implant mice compared to both placebo and acute morphine mice.
Quinone reductase induction as a biomarker for cancer chemoprevention.

Chemoprevention involves the use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Strategies for protecting cells from initiation events include decreasing metabolic enzymes responsible for generating reactive species (phase I enzymes) while increasing phase II enzymes that can deactivate radicals and electrophiles known to intercede in normal cellular processes. Reduction of electrophilic quinones by quinone reductase is an important detoxification pathway. Following evaluation of approximately 3000 plant and marine organism extracts, the number characterized as “active” was established in the range of 12% of the total, and over 60 active compounds have been isolated as quinone reductase inducers. One of them, isoliquiritigenin (1), isolated from tonka bean, was shown to be a monofunctional inducer by having similar quinone reductase inducing ability in wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells and two mutant cell lines. To further investigate the mechanism of induction, HepG2 human hepatoma ...
Analysis of Keck high-resolution spectra of VB 10

We use a preliminary version of our “NextGen” grid of cool star model atmospheres to compute synthetic line profiles which fit high resolution Keck spectra of the cool M dwarf VB10 satisfactorily well. We show that the parameters derived from the Keck data are consistent with the parameters derived from lower resolution spectra with larger wavelength coverage. We discuss the treatment of van der Waals broadening in cool, molecular (mostly H2) dominated stellar atmospheres. The line profiles are dominated by van der Waals pressure broadening and are a sensitive indicator for the gravity and metallicity. Therefore, the high-resolution Keck spectra are useful for determining the parameters of M dwarfs. There is some ambiguity between the metallicity and gravity. For VB10, we find from the high-resolution spectra that 5.0 < log(g) < 5.5 and 0 < � M H � < +0.5 for an adopted fixed effective temperature of 2700 K (Schweitzer, 1995), which is consistent with recent interior calculations (e.g. Baraffe et al., 1995).
Invited talk: Emerging magnetic memories

This talk will review emerging MRAM technologies, beginning with field-switched MRAMs that have been in product form for several years now, and extending to spin-torque MRAM under development now for higher density applications. Considerations for scaling to very small cell sizes will be discussed; in particular the importance of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials. Standard MRAM approaches involve the two-terminal magnetic tunnel junction device, that both stores the information and is used to read it out. A three-terminal magnetic device with potential advantages for speed will also be discussed, along with another approach dubbed "Racetrack" memory, which has the potential for three-dimensional shift-register like storage and very high densities.
Molecular modeling of ethylene decomposition on platinum surfaces

Abstract We examine the process of dehydrogenating ethylene over the (111) and (100) platinum single crystal surfaces from a modeling point of view. In order to establish the reaction pathways and the important reaction coordinates, the stability and concentration of intermediate surface species must be known. We use a simple semi-empirical tight-binding scheme, based on the extended Huckel theory. In order to model the potential energy hyper-surface (PES) on which the energy minima are found, we use a pair-potential model to describe the repulsion, similar to the ASED-MO and other methods. We fit the parameters of the pair-potential to the vibrational properties of simple molecules and adsorbates. The energy is minimized with respect to all the coordinates of the hydrocarbons on the surface using the conjugate gradient method. On the Pt(111) surface ethylidyne (CCH3) is the most stable species. On the unreconstructed Pt(100) surface we find that the situation is different: ethylidyne is very unstable, in agreement with a recent HREELS study. This is because there are no threefold coordinated sites on the (100) surface and the repulsive part of the potential dominates in the fourfold adsorption site. The reaction barriers have been estimated by smoothly transforming the coordinates of the reactants into those of the products, while the energy of the transition state was simultaneously minimized with respect to the relevant coordinates. In this way we believe that the barriers have been determined with sufficient accuracy within the model. The general trend is that the barriers for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation from the adsorbate to the surface are considerably lower than the barriers for hydrogen transfer within the adsorbate (isomerization), which in turn is lower than that of a concerted reaction, like CHCH + 2H → CH2CH2. From this we can determine the decomposition pathway for the ethylene to ethylidyne transition, in agreement with the findings of the ASED-MO method by Anderson.
The Use of Engineered Voltage-Sensing Phosphatases to Study the Determinants of Substrate Specificity of Phosphoinositide Phosphatases

Ciona intestinalis voltage sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP) is the founding member of a new class of voltage-sensing proteins, and exhibits PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 5’phosphatase activity upon membrane depolarisation (Murata and Okamura, 2007; Iwasaki et al., 2008; Halaszovich et al., 2009). Ci-VSP consists of a N-terminal voltage sensing domain (VSD) and a C-terminal phosphatase domain (PD) that is highly homologous to the phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatase PTEN (Murata et al., 2005). Recently, we reported on a voltage-sensitive chimera of the Ci-VSP voltage-sensor and the tumour suppressor PTEN (Ci-VSPTEN) in agreement with PTEN's 3’phosphatase activity (Lacroix et al., 2011). Here we extend this knowledge to a novel chimera of the VSD of Ci-VSP and the PTEN homologue TPIPα (also known as TPTE2), termed Ci-VSP/TPIP (Walker et al., 2001).Using whole cell voltage-clamp and total internal reflection microscopy with genetically-encoded phosphoinositide sensors, we show that Ci-VSP/TPIP is a voltage-sensitive PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 5’phosphatase in contrast to previous reports of TPIPα as a 3’phosphatase (Walker et al., 2001). The voltage dependence of Ci-VSP/TPIP was shifted to hyperpolarized potentials compared to Ci-VSP. Functional comparisons of Ci-VSP, Ci-VSPTEN and Ci-VSP/TPIP identified alanin/glycine 365 as the critical determinant of PTEN's substrate specificity, since Ci-VSPTEN(A365G) produced robust voltage-dependent PI(3,4,5)P3 5’ phosphatase activity, in contrast to the 3’phosphatase activity of wild-type PTEN.In conclusions, our data characterise the 5’phosphatase Ci-VSP/TPIP and reveal that engineered voltage-sensing phosphatases can be used to study the activity and substrate specificity of the important tumour suppressor PTEN in vivo.This work was supported by a Research Grant of the University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg (UKGM 32/2011 MR) to C.R.H and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 593 TP A12 to D.O.
Femtosecond ultraviolet (248 nm) excimer laser processing of Teflon (PTFE)

Abstract We have investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films, which were subjected to processing by femtosecond (fs) UV radiation from an excimer laser (KrF: λ=248 nm, tp∼380 fs) in air. Bulk characterization of processed PTFE films by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) permit an investigation of the laser induced modifications in the material at energy densities below the ablation threshold. No features in XPS and FTIR spectra indicated the incorporation of hydrogen and/or oxygen, or the formation of a cross-linked network of carbon indicating chemically clean processing in contrast to nanosecond excimer laser processing which chemically degrades the surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the micrometer size vertical interconnect (microvia) indicated mechanically and thermally damage free processing of PTFE with good edge quality, in contrast to nanosecond excimer laser processing.
Demographic Diversity in Decision-Making Groups: The Experiences of Women And People of Color

In this article we propose a theoretical model of the dynamics underlying the experiences of women and people of color in demographically diverse decision-making groups. Based upon the framework provided by the model, we then describe the different roles women and people of color may experience in these groups, and we examine the dynamics by which their roles may change over time. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and management practice.
Occupational Bladder Cancer Mortality Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in 21 States

Background: Occupational bladder cancer mortality among minority racial/ethnic groups is not well described compared to occupational bladder cancer mortality among non-minority males in the United States. Methods: Race/ethnicity- and sex-specific bladder cancer mortality (1985-1992) of workers employed in 21 states was examined using a proportionate mortality study design. Mortality of specific racial/ethnic/ occupational groups was compared separately with workers in the specific occupation and with members of the specific racial/ethnic group. Results: This study identified elevated bladder cancer mortality among African American males and females and Latino males in several occupational groups with exposure to suspected bladder carcinogens as well as among Asian males in sales (PMR = 2.13) and Asian females in the personal services industry (PMR = 5.25; CI: 1.64-16.75). Conclusion: Surveillance of occupational cancer risks among racial/ethnic minorities using regularly available death certificate data is facilitated when states code both usual occupation/industry and race/ethnicity
Raman scattering by optically absorbing molecules adsorbed on “smooth” Ag and Au surfaces: Crystal violet

Abstract We report data on the resonant Raman scattering (RS) by crystal violet (CV) adsorbed on Ag and Au surfaces. The data show that the RS and luminescence by CV on a smooth Au surface is greater by an order of magnitude than that on a smooth Ag surface. These results, which are contrary to what one expects from mechanisms that depend on the complex dielectric constant of the metal substrate, are attributed to contributions that depend on the chemical bonding of the CV molecules with the metal substrate.
Analysis of chromatin boundary activity in Drosophila cells.

Background Chromatin boundaries, also known as insulators, regulate gene activity by organizing active and repressive chromatin domains and modulate enhancer-promoter interactions. However, the mechanisms of boundary action are poorly understood, in part due to our limited knowledge about insulator proteins, and a shortage of standard assays by which diverse boundaries could be compared.
Proposed mechanism of off-target toxicity for antibody–drug conjugates driven by mannose receptor uptake

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are developed with the goal of increasing compound therapeutic index by specific and targeted delivery of a toxic payload to the site of action while considerably reducing damage to normal tissues. Yet, off-target hepatic toxicities have been reported for several ADC. Locations of these off-target toxicities coincide with the reported locations of cell surface mannose receptor (MR). The relative proportion of agalactosylated glycans on the Fc domain (G0F vs. G1F and G2F components) in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biotherapeutics is closer to some disease state IgG rather than to a normal serum-derived immunoglobulin. The lack of the terminal galactose on a G0F glycan creates an opportunity for the mAb to interact with soluble and cell surface MRs. MR is a known multi-domain lectin that specifically binds and internalizes glycoproteins and immune complexes with relatively high G0F content and has been found on the surface of various cell types, including immune cells of myeloid lineage, endothelial cells, and hepatic and splenic sinusoids. In this review paper it is proposed that the mechanism of the off-target toxicities for ADC biotherapeutics is at least in part driven by the carbohydrates, specifically agalactosylated glycans, such as G0F, their interactions with MR and resulting glycan-derived cellular uptake of ADCs. Several case studies are reviewed presenting corroborating information.
Professional and Soft Skills for Engineering Graduate Students

Graduate studies in engineering have always been a favorable choice for career advancement, in both the practice and the academic sides of the career. Graduate students constitute a significant population of engineering schools, which brings with it a whole spectrum of questions and issues. To verify the quality of students and their preparedness for graduate studies, checks and balances have been installed to filter these students through investigating their academic records. However, the soft and professional side of the skill set that these students have is not of much significance in these filters. These skills include, but are not limited to, communication, logical reasoning, management, autonomy, and ethics and professionalism. Embedded among these skills is also the intellectual and mental graduation of school. With most students realizing the importance of continuous education and life long learning, many of them are seeking graduate studies. The highly diverse background of these students creates an obvious differential in their ability to meet expectation at that level of academics. This has resulted in many issues arising in graduate schools about the preparedness of the incoming students. To better identify and treat these deficiencies, strategies and applications are being sought. In this paper, a list of the expected soft and professional skills in graduate engineers is provided. A discussion of the most common issues related to this skill set in incoming graduate students is presented. In addition, a strategy that has been designed and applied through a mandatory course in an existing graduate engineering curriculum, at Grand Valley State University (GVSU) School of Engineering (SOE), dealing with these issues, is included. Reflections on the course outcomes and evaluations are also provided.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Real-Time Measurements of Cardiac Effects During Inhalation Exposures of Monkeys or Dogs

AbstractA relevant animal model has been developed to aid in establishing safety guidelines for workplace inhalation exposures to cardioactive agents. A telemetry system was used to monitor heart rate and electrocardiogram (ECC) waveform effects noninvasiveiy during whole-body inhalation exposures of a group of four unrestrained, conscious monkeys or dogs. This method has been evaluated by measuring responses to aerosols of a known β-agonist (isoproterenol), and representative “inert” aerosols, saline, and dust (clay). A saline aerosol had no effects on heart rate or ECC at concentrations up to 6.5 mg/m3. Heart rates decreased slightly in monkeys during exposure to clay aerosols at concentrations of 5 mg/m3 or higher. Clay aerosol had no effect on heart rates in dogs. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated for isoproterenol aerosol. Mean heart rate in monkeys increased 0, 13, 18, 27, and 54% during exposures to 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.9 mg isoproterenol/m3. In dogs, mean heart rate increased 6, 2...
Reliability and validity of a cost-efficient sociometric measure

Sociometric measures have been used frequently to measure social status; however, reliable sociograms for young children usually involve time-consuming administrations. A group-administered, peer-rating sociogram, the Sociometric Peer-Rating Scale (SPRS), was devised and given to 217 first and second graders. Concomitantly, teacher nominations of children most liked, aggressive, or withdrawn and behavioral observations of the high- and low-SPRS children were obtained. After 7 months, the SPRS was readministered. On a separate population of eight kindergarten children, this sociogram and a similar, individually administered sociogram were given. Normative data, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability were reported. The test-retest reliability was comparable to the reported reliability of other peer-rating sociograms, and the SPRS correlated significantly with teacher ratings of aggressiveness and likability and with the individually administered sociogram. The number of positive interactions was significantly different for high-versus low-SPRS children. The usefulness of the SPRS as a measure of social competence was discussed.
Numbers of sporophytic self-incompatibility alleles in populations of wild radish

To estimate the numbers of sporophytic S-alleles in two adjacent populations of wild radish, we performed 701 reciprocal crosses among 50 individuals. Each cross was replicated five times in each direction. Sixteen plants were fully intercompatible, indicating the presence of at least 32 S-alleles in the two populations. A minimum of 22 S-alleles occur in a single population. The frequency of incompatibility was significantly higher for within-population crosses (14.5%) than for between-population crosses (7.8%). This suggests that the two populations differ in the composition and frequency of alleles at the S-locus.
Large-angle p-d scattering at 580 Mev

Proton-deuteron elastic large angle scattering cross sections, noting backward peak consistent with baryon exchange mechanism with resonance transfer
Construction of symmetric orthogonal bases of wavelets and tight wavelet frames with integer dilation factor

Abstract Our goal is to present a systematic algorithm for constructing (anti)symmetric tight wavelet frames and orthonormal wavelet bases generated by a given refinable function with an integer dilation factor d⩾2. Special attention is paid to the issues of the minimality of a number of framelet generators and the size of generator supports. In particular, our algorithm allows to reduce the computational costs approximately by a factor 2.
Direct electrical detection of hybridization at DNA-modified silicon surfaces.

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes in interfacial electrical properties that arise when DNA-modified Si(1 1 1) surfaces are exposed to solution-phase DNA oligonucleotides with complementary and non-complementary sequences. The n- and p-type silicon(1 1 1) samples were covalently linked to DNA molecules via direct SiC linkages without any intervening oxide layer. Exposure to solutions containing DNA oligonucleotides with the complementary sequence produced significant changes in both real and imaginary components of the electrical impedance, while exposure to DNA with non-complementary sequences generated negligible responses. These changes in electrical properties were corroborated with fluorescence measurements and were reproduced in multiple hybridization–denaturation cycles. The ability to detect DNA hybridization is strongly frequency-dependent. Modeling of the response and comparison of results on different silicon bulk doping shows that the sensitivity to DNA hybridization arises from DNA-induced changes in the resistance of the silicon substrate and the resistance of the molecular layers.
The Nutritional Consequences of Rejecting Food in the Ituri Forest of Zaire

Based on a representative sample of 449 different individuals, food avoidances are shown to be nutritionally insignificant on average for a population of horticulturalists and foragers living in the Ituri Forest of northeastern Zaire. However, due to variability in food-related beliefs, nutritional costs may be biologically significant for a few individuals. Less than 2% of potential dietary calories are restricted to horticulturalists on average due to food avoidances, while less than 1% is the average cost of these beliefs among foragers. When nutritional costs are calculated from reported avoidance rules rather than consumption practice, estimated costs are significantly inflated. These lower actual costs arise because individuals make use of rules that permit them to eat otherwise restricted foods. For example, eating specific plants is believed to prevent the illness that would otherwise follow the consumption of a tabooed food. Use of such exception rules significantly reduces the nutritional cost of food avoidances for many individuals in this population.
Pelvic ultrasonography in the emergency evaluation of nonpregnant patients with pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding

Study objectives: Emergency physicians often order pelvic ultrasonography when evaluating a woman with pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding. Although the utility of pelvic ultrasonography in a pregnant patient is defined, the diagnostic yield in a nonpregnant patient is less clear. We characterize the results of pelvic ultrasonography performed during the evaluation of nonpregnant women presenting to the emergency department (ED) with pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all reports of pelvic ultrasonography ordered in the evaluation of nonpregnant patients in a university, urban ED from November 2000 to November 2003. Patient age, chief complaint, and ultrasonographic results were recorded. Results: One thousand one hundred eight ultrasonographic reports were reviewed. Mean age of the patients was 34.9 years (range 18 to 90 years). Chief complaint was pelvic pain in 983 patients (88%) and vaginal bleeding in 125 patients (12%). In patients with pelvic pain, ultrasonography diagnosed a condition that would likely affect immediate ED management in 47 cases (4.7%). These included 17 patients with ovarian torsion, 14 with tubo-ovarian abscess, 5 with pelvic inflammatory disease, 7 with ureteral stone, and 5 with appendicitis. Twenty-eight (2.8%) patients had findings suggestive of a gynecologic malignancy. Other relevant findings in pelvic pain patients included a hemorrhagic cyst in 136 (13.8%) patients, a simple cyst in 117 (11.9%) patients, and free fluid in 123 (12.5%) patients. Of the patients with cysts, 144 (14.6%) had cysts greater than 3 cm. Diagnoses also requiring gynecologic follow-up included 17 patients with hydrosalpinx, 22 with an endometrioma, 15 with a dermoid, and 9 with polycystic ovaries. Three hundred forty-eight of the pelvic pain patients (35.4%) had a normal pelvic ultrasonographic result. In patients with vaginal bleeding, uterine fibroids were diagnosed in 54 patients (44.6%), and 12 patients (9.6%) had endometrial thickening suggestive of malignancy. The other 59 patients had a nondiagnostic or normal ultrasonographic result. Conclusion: Pelvic ultrasonography revealed an emergency condition in a small percentage of nonpregnant patients. Additionally, a plausible explanation for the patient's symptoms or a condition necessitating close gynecologic follow-up was frequently found.
A central role for inducible heat‐shock protein 70 in autoimmune vitiligo

Inducible heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is a protein regulated by stress that protects cells from undergoing apoptosis. Such proteins are marvellously well conserved throughout evolution, which has placed them in the spotlight for helping to understand the intriguing relationship between infection and immunity. In the presence of stress proteins, dendritic cells (DCs) will sense this alarm signal and respond by recruiting immune cells of different plumage to fit the occasion. In times of stress, melanocytes will secrete antigen-bound HSP70i to act as an alarm signal in activating DCs that comes equipped with an address of origin to drive the autoimmune response in vitiligo. Here we pose that if the autoimmune response is funnelled through HSP70i, then blocking the stress protein from activating DCs can lend new treatment opportunities for vitiligo.
Solving Markovian decision processes by successive elimination of variables

Abstract The functional equations of stationary, infinite-horizon, Markovian decision processes can be solved by eliminating the variables, one at a time, until only one variable and one equation are left. Back substitution in the resulting triangular system of transformed functional equations then completes the solution. The idea completely parallels the Gauss-Jordan pivoting algorithm for solving a nonsingular system of linear equations. This method provides a computational scheme plus proofs of existence of a solution. Uniqueness of solution is demonstrated in the discounted case. In the undiscounted case, variables are eliminated successively from a mixed system of equalities and inequalities until the remaining variables may be chosen arbitrarily, i.e., the solution is no longer unique. In this case, a minimal solution, subject to these free choices, is exhibited.
ISO 31000:2009 Enterprise and Supply Chain Risk Management: A Longitudinal Study

This research attempts to fill two recently identified gaps in Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) research, specifically the lack of a common framework and limited empirical research. This research first attempts to determine if ISO 31000:2009 provides a foundation to advance SCRM research by standardizing the SCRM research framework, terms, and risk treatment categories. Secondly, it attempts to determine if ISO 31000:2009 is a useful framework for managers to link SCRM to enterprise risk management (ERM) when executing SCRM. Currently, there is no research that explicitly links SCRM to the ISO 31000:2009 ERM standard. In this study, longitudinal survey data were analyzed, and follow-up discussions with managers were used to achieve the research purpose. It was determined that current SCRM research frameworks have similarities with each other, but they also diverge to some extent. The ISO 31000:2009 framework encompasses existing SCRM frameworks, but it is more exhaustive than that, which includes the need for developing a strategic context for risk management and for ongoing performance monitoring. It is suggested that ISO 31000:2009 provides a foundation for extending and advancing future SCRM research. It was also found that firms increasingly recognize the importance of systematic SCRM, but SCRM integration and skills are lacking. Topics for future research are proposed, including for example using ISO 31000:2009 as a research foundation, potential outsourcing of SCRM, appropriate organizational structure for SCRM, deployment of IT, and SCRM return on investment.
In vivo evidence insufficient to conclude that "KIR/HLA incompatibility between sexual partners confers protection against HIV-1 transmission".

To the editor: Recently, Jennes et al investigated killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and corresponding HLA ligand in sexual transmission of HIV-1, hypothesizing that “NK cells from the recipient partner … regulated by KIR … sensing the lack of self HLA on incoming index cells” could
Increasing verbal behavior in an autistic child.

The article describes language development techniques used with a 5-year-old autistic boy to increase his verbal behavior. Intervention consisted of 1.5 hour sessions four times a week over an 8-month period. The intervention focused on increasing nonvocal imitation, vocal imitation, verbal labeling, and verbal discrimination. Development of nonvocal imitation required physical guidance and immediate rewards. Then vocal imitation of sounds in gradually increasing complexity was encouraged through shaping and immediate reinforcement. Verbal labeling began with responding to symbols and pictures progressing to labeling with a sound an object or person. The child learned to label about a dozen pictures and objects. Verbal discrimination was developed by having the child respond appropriately to a variety of commands differing in the object to be obtained or placed. After the intervention the child was able to imitate words with up to four phonemes, to copy letters and figures, and to follow more complex verbal commands. (DB) xxxxxxxxxx*xxx*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*xxxxx*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made x X from the original document. x xxxxx*Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxxx*xxxxxxxxxxxxxx U It DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once of Educatronal Research and Improvement EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC? Ms document has been reproduced as rece.ved from the person or organaatoon origmatong a C Minor changes have been made to improve reproduct.on wieldy I Ports of new or opinions stated in thisdOtu meet do not necessarily represent off rcial OEM posdron or oofrcy INCREASING VERBAL BEHAVIOR IN AN AUTISTIC CHILD
The Process of Time‐Limited Psychotherapy with Latency‐Aged Children

This approach to time-limited psychotherapy with children is an adaptation of Mann's short-term model. It is a close-ended, theme-directed treatment with three distinct phases that include: opening phase, working through, and termination. The termination phase is subdivided into five stages: denial, bargaining, anger, sadness, and acceptance. Parental alliance is essential as it reduces the possibilities for both the child and the parents to undermine the treatment process. In this approach, intensified time permits the continued resolution of separation-individuation conflict that had impeded the normal developmental process. Successful termination results in a reaffirmation of the child's competence, while the parent, once again, resumes full responsibility for the child.
An infantile case of infiltrating lipoma in the buttock

This paper presents a rare case of infantile infiltrating lipoma in the buttock. The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging of the tumor in the follow-up study is discussed.
Use of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Discharge for Coagulation and Sterilization of Surface Wounds

Summary form only given. Atmospheric pressure plasma discharges have recently gained interest of the medical community. Such systems have been used for sterilization of surfaces, for biochemical surface functionalization, and for many other applications. Specifically, thermal plasma discharges are applied in the field of tissue sterilization and blood coagulation as a faster alternative to normal biochemical coagulation. However, the use of thermal plasma is limited for two reasons: (a) the extremely high temperatures (2000 K up to 10000 K) cause severe tissue damage and (b) the necessity of general anesthesia makes it inconvenient for wide-spread patient use, apart from the hospital setting. Our research team has developed a novel method using non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD plasma) to coagulate blood and sterilize tissues without causing thermal damage. This treatment would be safe to patients because no exposed electrodes are involved and high frequency current (about 10 KHz) is kept below milli-ampere. Our experiments have shown that such plasma treatment hastens blood coagulation and causes simultaneous wound sterilization. We suppose that these processes are stimulated by a large concentration of chemically active species in plasma that are ions, radicals (O, OH, N) and electronically-excited atoms and molecules. This novel plasma technology can find many applications in the medical field. Within the hospital setting, this technology may prove useful in the operating room for patients suffering from bleeding not amenable to other methods of coagulation (hemophilia cases, for example). Because of simultaneous sterilization, this device could also help prevent intra-operative infections. Sterilization effects of non-thermal plasma are well-known and were confirmed, for example, in our previous studies. We have determined relative time and power for blood coagulation by plasma without tissue damage as confirmed by gross and microscopic examination, and tissue cultures
Birth weight for gestational age norms for a large cohort of infants born to HIV-negative women in Botswana compared with norms for U.S.-born black infants

Background: Standard values for birth weight by gestational age are not available for sub-Saharan Africa, but are needed to evaluate incidence and risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation in settings where HIV, antiretrovirals, and other in utero exposures may impact birth outcomes. Methods: Birth weight data were collected from six hospitals in Botswana. Infants born to HIV-negative women between 26-44 weeks gestation were analyzed to construct birth weight for gestational age charts. These data were compared with published norms for black infants in the United States. Results: During a 29 month period from 2007-2010, birth records were reviewed in real-time from 6 hospitals and clinics in Botswana. Of these, 11,753 live infants born to HIV-negative women were included in the analysis. The median gestational age at birth was 39 weeks (1 st quartile 38, 3 rd quartile 40 weeks), and the median birth weight was 3100 grams (1 st quartile 2800, 3 rd quartile 3400 grams). We constructed estimated percentile curves for birth weight by gestational age which demonstrate increasing slope during the third trimester and leveling off beyond 40 weeks. Compared with black infants in the United States, Botswana-born infants had lower median birth weight for gestational age from weeks 37 through 42 (p < .02). Conclusions: We present birth weight for gestational age norms for Botswana, which are lower at term than norms for black infants in the United States. These findings suggest the importance of regional birth weight norms to identify and define risk factors for higher risk births. These data serve as a reference for Botswana, may apply to southern Africa, and may help to identify infants at risk for perinatal complications and inform comparisons among infants exposed to HIV and antiretrovirals in utero.
Arthritis in Disease Due to Neisseria meningitidis

Three clinical types of arthritis in meningococcal disease are presented; their classification is based on a review of the literature from 1887 and on experience with pediatric patients treated in Dallas, Texas. The most common type is arthritis complicating acute meningococcal disease; it occurred in 1,180 of the patients reviewed or approximately 5% of children and 11% of adults with meningococcal disease. Septic or allergic pathogenesis was documented in fewer than 5% of these, 1,180 patients. However, the search for an immunologic basis, conducted in a small number of patients, produced results suggesting that immune complexes are involved in many patients with sterile effusions. Large joints, especially the knee, were involved in 95% of the cases, and almost half the patients had polyarthritis. Chronic meningococcemia, an infrequently reported clinical entity, was accompanied more often by arthralgia than arthritis. Primary meningococcal arthritis, which is a rare form of acute septic arthritis, affected large joints almost exclusively and was polyarthritic in about one-third of cases. The management was the same for all types of meningococcal arthritis and consisted primarily of specific antimeningococcal chemotherapy. Evacuation of pus is recommended, since this treatment may be expected to shorten the relatively long symptomatic course. The prognosis for patients with meningococcal arthritis is excellent, and joint residua are rare.
An overview of mongenic and syndromic obesities in humans

Obesity is increasing in prevalence in the United States with over 65% of adults considered overweight and 16% of children with BMI > 95 percentile. The heritability of obesity is estimated between 40% and 70%, but the genetics of obesity for most individuals are complex and involve the interaction of multiple genes and environment. There are however several syndromic and non-syndromic forms of obesity that are monogenic and oligogenic that provide insight into the underlying molecular control of food intake and the neural networks that control ingestive behavior and satiety to regulate body weight and which may interact with treatment exposures to produce or exacerbate obesity in childhood cancer survivors.
The Detection and Classification of Non-Functional Requirements with Application to Early Aspects

This paper introduces an information retrieval based approach for automating the detection and classification of non-functional requirements (NFRs). Early detection of NFRs is useful because it enables system level constraints to be considered and incorporated into early architectural designs as opposed to being refactored in at a later time. Candidate NFRs can be detected in both structured and unstructured documents, including requirements specifications that contain scattered and non-categorized NFRs, and freeform documents such as meeting minutes, interview notes, and memos containing stakeholder comments documenting their NFR related needs. This paper describes the classification algorithm and then evaluates its effectiveness in an experiment based on fifteen requirements specifications developed as term projects by MS students at DePaul University. An additional case study is also described in which the approach is used to classifying NFRs from a large free form requirements document obtained from Siemens Logistics and Automotive Organization.
Review of evidence that posttransplantation psychiatric treatment commonly affects prolactin levels and thereby influences graft fate

Abstract Delirium, depression and other psychiatric difficulties are commonly encountered by posttransplantation patients, and antipsychotic medicines are frequently used to treat these difficulties. This article reviews previous research data concerning the immunological effects of these medicines, with particular focus on the consequences of prolactin elevation. Unproven but of concern is that these effects may influence graft fate. Older antipsychotic medicines such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine have a high likelihood of elevating prolactin. Prolactin is an immunologically active molecule generally promoting bone marrow function. This may be of benefit post-stem-cell transplant, helping engraftment, but could further rejection of solid-organ transplants. Elevated prolactin is implicated in the facilitation of graft-versus-host disease. Aripiprazole is the antipsychotic medicine least likely to increase prolactin (and may actually decrease prolactin); risperidone, the most likely to increase prolactin. Olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprazadone are antipsychotic medicines with a lower likelihood of elevating prolactin. Older (“neuroleptic”) antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, droperidol and haloperidol, perphenazine and many others, are likely to elevate serum prolactin. Among antidepressants, most serotonin reuptake inhibitors, with the exception of sertraline, can slightly elevate prolactin. The atypical (i.e., alone in their class) antidepressants bupropion and mirtazapine are prolactin neutral. The immunological consequences of psychiatric medicines should be considered when treating transplant patients for delirium, depression and thought disorders; in addition, if elevation of prolactin is thought to be of immunological importance during psychiatric treatment, then it should be monitored and treated. The dopamine agonists used to treat Parkinson's disease — bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinerole — usually reverse antipsychotic-induced prolactin increases without compromising psychiatric effectiveness.
Factors Influencing Bone Mineral Content, Density, Breaking Strength, and Ash as Response Criteria for Assessing Bone Quality in Chickens

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the method of removing the tibiae and the physical state of the tibiae (wet versus dry) on various bone quality properties in chickens. In Experiment 1, 40 Leghorn hens in each of two trials were killed at oviposition and tibiae were removed either by direct excision (Method 1) or by skinning the drumstick, removing the bone, and boiling it for 10 min (Method 2). In Experiment 2, broilers were fed a control or a cholecalciferol-deficient diet for 28 days, after which the birds were killed and both tibiae were removed by direct excision. Two trials were conducted using 100 broilers in each trial. Tibiae obtained in each experiment were analyzed for bone mineral content, bone density, bone strength, and bone ash either as wet (fresh) or air-dried at room temperature for 3 or 7 days. In Experiment 1, results showed that the method of removing the tibiae did not affect mineral content, density, and strength; whereas values for ash varied with the physical state of tibia and method of removal. It took .67 h to obtain 40 clean tibiae by Method 1 whereas it took 2.7 h by Method 2. Values for mineral content, density, and strength differed for fresh (wet) and air-dried tibiae. When tibiae were dried for 3 or 7 days, mineral content and density were reduced by 25 to 28% (Experiment 2). Bone strength of cholecalciferol-deficient birds increased more than twofold when dried for 3 or 7 days. Bone ash was not affected by physical state of bone. Results indicate that the bone properties, mineral content, density, and strength commonly used to assess bone quality, are influenced by physical state of bone (wet or dry), which should be considered when making decisions about the effect of nutrients on bone status or bone mineralization.
Performance of Reed-Solomon codes for hybrid-ARQ over Rayleigh fading channels under imperfect interleaving

We present a new method to analyze the performance of Reed-Solomon codes for hybrid automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) over Rayleigh fading channels with imperfect interleaving. Using the asymptotic results of level crossings of the faded envelope, we characterize the packet-error probability as a function of the Doppler frequency and mean signal-to-noise ratio. We then use the notion of equivalent Doppler frequency to include the effect of imperfect interleaving on performance. This approach allows us to directly evaluate the throughput of hybrid-ARQ schemes and also specify minimum interleaving depths for achieving optimum throughput on correlated Rayleigh channels.
Dynamic imaging by object modeling and estimation

This paper presents a novel dynamic imaging method. This method models the object by a time-varying function, thus converting the dynamic imaging problem to a parameter identification problem. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can produce time-sequential images from a time-varying object with both high temporal and spatial resolution. The proposed method has been validated in magnetic resonance imaging by computer simulation, phantom study and animal study.
Biochemistry of black gram (phaseolus mungo L.): A review

Black gram is one of the less‐known legumes, mainly grown and consumed in India, Thailand, and other tropical parts of the world. This review presents the information on black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) proteins (albumins, globulins, prolamins, and glutelins), minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and iron), vitamins, lipids, phytic acid, carbohydrates, antinutritional factors (α‐amylase inhibitor, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, tannins, and phytohemagglutinins), and flatulence production in rats following ingestion of black gram processed products. Effects of different food processing operations (germination, cooking, and fermentation etc.) on black gram proteins, carbohydrates, phytic acid and flatus factors are also discussed.
Numerical investgation of the laser heating of gold nanoparticles including thermal and dielectric changes in the local medium

Finite element simulations have been performed for the dynamics of heating and cooling of a single spherical gold nanoparticle and surrounding fluid environment by laser pulses of nanosecond duration in the limit of validity of Mie theory. Thermal and dielectric property changes of the surrounding medium are taken into account in the model. It has been shown that such changes significantly affect the temperature reached by the particle and surrounding microenvironment. The aim of this study is to provide useful insights for the development of biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles.