cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LGBTQ Women, Appearance Negotiations, and Workplace Dress Codes

The purpose of this study was to explore LGBTQ women's experiences with unwritten or formal dress codes at work. I asked: What are LGBTQ women's experiences in the workplace with appearance management, and what are LGBTQ women's experiences navigating the written and unwritten dress codes in the workplace? To answer the research question, interviews were conducted with 24 self-identifying LGBTQ women. Six key themes emerged from the data. Themes included (1) expressed sexual identity in appearance, (2) unwritten dress codes in work environments did not always allow for expression of sexual identity in appearance, (3) motivations for pressure or desire to conceal expression of sexual identity in appearance at work, (4) negotiations of revealing or concealing sexual identity in appearance in the workplace impacted levels of comfort and confidence, (5) verbal and nonverbal negative experiences related to appearance at work, and (6) received compliments about appearance at work.
Social Sharing With Friends and Family After Romantic Breakups

Abstract. Romantic breakups are prevalent and distressing experiences in the lives of college students. The present study examined (a) college students’ media use for discussing their breakups with various relational partners; and (b) the association between this sharing and personal growth, a eudaimonic marker of well-being. For geographically close relationships, participants used face-to-face interaction the most for breakup-related sharing, followed by texting, and least of all the phone. This pattern was different for long-distance relationships, where texting prevailed, followed by the phone, and least of all face-to-face. Differences also emerged based on relationship type with the sharers (friends vs. family). Only face-to-face sharing with close friends was associated with sharers’ personal growth after the breakup. The results extend the social sharing theoretical framework by incorporating media factors and advance the literature on media use and psychological well-being.
Charge transport in the inverted Marcus region

Observation of temperature-independent conduction in a self-assembled monolayer may hint at an unexplored charge-transport regime.
Binder, Sarah, and Mark Spindel. The Myth of Independence: How Congress Governs the Federal Reserve: Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017. 282 pages. $35 (hardcover).

Sarah Binder, the doyenne of scholarship on Congress, and Mark Spindel, an investment banker running a Washington, DC-based hedge fund, combine their different vantage points to map the “interdepen...
Survivors of Childhood Hodgkin’s Lymphoma After Treatment: Subsequent Solid Tumor Malignancies Based on Gender and Radiation Dose

Over the past few decades, dramatic advances in the treatment of childhood cancers have created a large and growing population of long-term survivors. Although many pediatric cancers can now be cured, the aggressive therapies employed in the recent era are associated with increased risks of a variety of adverse health effects, including subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Due to characteristics inherent to both the biology and treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), including the relatively high cure rate, a significant number of SMNs occur in HL survivors. The elevated risk of malignancy persists for decades after cure of HL is obtained, with no apparent plateau in risks over time. The cumulative mortality from second cancers exceeds deaths due to HL beyond 15–30 years after therapy for HL. The topic of SMNs after HL is broad and long-term data continue to accumulate. This chapter will specifically discuss second malignancies in survivors of childhood HL, focusing on gender and radiation dose.
Serology of Bacteroidaceae

The anaerobic, Gram-negative non-sporing rods that comprise a large and important group of pathogenic bacteria in man include the Bacteroidaceae which is composed of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Leptotrichia. The Bacteroides are found as indigenous flora of the mouth, the upper respiratory tract, and the intestinal and genital tracts. Bacteroides and Fusobacterium are found frequently in human disease whereas the other Gram-negative anaerobic genera are found less frequently if at all as a cause of human disease. The serology discussed here will be limited to the Bacteroides.
Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity and underlying vulnerabilities: Using network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity.

Objective Eating disorders (EDs) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are highly co-occurring. This comorbidity is extremely relevant, given that individuals with comorbid ED-SAD are less likely to seek and/or benefit from ED treatment. Method We used network analysis to conceptualize ED-SAD comorbidity in a sample of 2,215 participants with a primary diagnosis of ED, SAD, or no known diagnosis. We used novel network analyses methods to select symptoms for our models, identify potential illness pathways (i.e., bridge symptoms) between disorders and underlying vulnerabilities (e.g., perfectionism, social appearance anxiety), and to compare across sample types (e.g., clinical vs. nonclinical). We also tested several novel network analyses methods aimed at the following methodological concerns: (a) topological concerns (i.e., which items should be included in NA models), (b) how to use empirical indices to quantify bridge symptoms and (c) what differences in networks across samples mean. Results We found that difficulty with drinking beverages and eating in public were bridge symptoms between ED and SAD. We also found that feeling nervous about one's appearance was a bridge symptom. Conclusions We identified public eating and drinking as bridge symptoms between EDs and SAD. Future research is needed to test if interventions focused on public eating and drinking might decrease symptoms of both EDs and SAD. Researchers can use this study (code provided) as an exemplar for how to use network analysis, as well as to use network analysis to conceptualize ED comorbidity and compare network structure and density across samples.
DNA gyrase activity regulates DnaA‐dependent replication initiation in Bacillus subtilis

In bacteria, initiation of DNA replication requires the DnaA protein. Regulation of DnaA association and activity at the origin of replication, oriC, is the predominant mechanism of replication initiation control. One key feature known to be generally important for replication is DNA topology. Although there have been some suggestions that topology may impact replication initiation, whether this mechanism regulates DnaA-mediated replication initiation is unclear. We found that the essential topoisomerase, DNA gyrase, is required for both proper binding of DnaA to oriC as well as control of initiation frequency in Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, we found that the regulatory activity of gyrase in initiation is specific to DnaA and oriC. Cells initiating replication from a DnaA-independent origin, oriN, are largely resistant to gyrase inhibition by novobiocin, even at concentrations that compromise survival by up to four orders of magnitude in oriC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of gyrase does not impact initiation frequency in oriN cells. Additionally, deletion or overexpression of the DnaA regulator, YabA, significantly modulates sensitivity to gyrase inhibition, but only in oriC and not oriN cells. We propose that gyrase is a negative regulator of DnaA-dependent replication initiation from oriC, and that this regulatory mechanism is required for cell survival.
Willingness to Participate in Health Information Networks with Diverse Data Use: Evaluating Public Perspectives.

Introduction: Health information generated by health care encounters, research enterprises, and public health is increasingly interoperable and shareable across uses and users. This paper examines the US public’s willingness to be a part of multi-user health information networks and identifies factors associated with that willingness. Methods: Using a probability-based sample (n = 890), we examined the univariable and multivariable relationships between willingness to participate in health information networks and demographic factors, trust, altruism, beliefs about the public’s ethical obligation to participate in research, privacy, medical deception, and policy and governance using linear regression modeling. Results: Willingness to be a part of a multi-user network that includes health care providers, mental health, social services, research, or quality improvement is low (26 percent–7.4 percent, depending on the user). Using stepwise regression, we identified a model that explained 42.6 percent of the variability in willingness to participate and included nine statistically significant factors associated with the outcome: Trust in the health system, confidence in policy, the belief that people have an obligation to participate in research, the belief that health researchers are accountable for conducting ethical research, the desire to give permission, education, concerns about insurance, privacy, and preference for notification. Discussion: Our results suggest willingness to be a part of multi-user data networks is low, but that attention to governance may increase willingness. Building trust to enable acceptance of multi-use data networks will require a commitment to aligning data access practices with the expectations of the people whose data is being used.
Case 3: Persistent Elevated Transaminase Levels in a 9-year-old Boy.

1. Diane Hsu, MD* 2. Rohit Josyabhatla, MD* 3. Iona M. Monteiro, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ A 9-year-old overweight boy with seasonal allergies is referred to our gastroenterology service for persistently elevated transaminase levels for 6 months. His aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level is 90 U/L (1.5 μkat/L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is 103 U/L (1.7 μkat/L). In addition, he has an elevated cholesterol level (243 mg/dL [6.3 mmol/L]), a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (36 mg/dL [0.9 mmol/L]), and a borderline high triglyceride level (151 mg/dL [1.7 mmol/L]). On presentation he notes pain in the right upper quadrant that is dull, 5 of 10 in severity, and without aggravating or relieving factors. He recently had 3 loose, nonbloody, nonmucoid stools. He denies nausea, vomiting, chest pain, lower back pain, urinary frequency, or dysuria. His diet is rich in processed foods. His physical activity is minimal. He has no home medications or family history of liver disease. However, his 38-year-old father has an elevated cholesterol level and hypertension. His BMI is between the 90th and 95th percentiles for age. His physical examination is significant for right and left upper quadrant tenderness on deep palpation without guarding or rigidity. He has no hepatosplenomegaly. Diet and exercise counseling is provided. The repeated transaminase levels are still elevated. Iron studies and ceruloplasmin levels are normal, and hepatitis panel, anti–smooth muscle/mitochondrial antibodies, liver-kidney microsomal antibody, α1-antitrypsin phenotype, and antinuclear antibodies are all negative. Abdominal ultrasonography shows mild splenomegaly. During his follow-up visit, the patient notes epigastric pain and intermittent loose stools. His celiac panel is negative, and his transaminase and …
Poetic documentary as visual ethnography: Liwaa Yazji’s Haunted (Maskoon) (2014)

Syrian documentary filmmaker, poet, playwright and translator Liwaa Yazji’s long-form documentary ‘Haunted’ (2014) follows nine individuals’ experiences of home, including a couple in Damascus that...
Diet of Invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in a Mainstem Reservoir Ecosystem

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver Carp) is an invasive fish that threatens ecosystem function by consuming basal food web resources. In this study we quantify gut contents of 83 Silver Carp in the mainstem reservoir ecosystem of Kentucky Lake, Kentucky, Tennessee River Valley, United States. Silver Carp guts contained phytoplankton (63.5%), zooplankton (33.8%) and heterotrophic flagellates (2.7%) based on volume. Additionally, we compare existing literature on Silver Carp diet and trophic position (i.e., stable isotope information). Our study indicates that Silver Carp are planktivorous and consume organisms within multiple lower trophic levels across a range of habitats. However, we show that Silver Carp diets differ at finer taxonomic scales and suggest these differences may be driven by forage availability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify diets of Silver Carp within a mainstem reservoir ecosystem designed for flood storage with a comparison to existing Silver Carp diet literature. The results of this study may be useful in predicting ecological implications of Silver Carp invasion across a diversity of habitats.
Review of “Illustrated Manual of Clinical Evoked Potentials,” by Aatif M. Husain

Dr. Husain opens the preface of the book with the question; “Is there a need for a book on evoked potentials?” After reading this book, my vote is yes! In five very concise chapters, the reader wil...
Extrapial Hippocampal Resection in Anterior Temporal Lobectomy: Technical Description and Clinical Outcomes in a 62-Patient Case Series.

BACKGROUND Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is the most effective treatment for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Extrapial en bloc hippocampal resection facilitates complete removal of the hippocampus. With increasing use of minimally invasive treatments, considering open resection techniques that optimize the integrity of tissue specimens is important both for obtaining the correct histopathological diagnosis and for further study. OBJECTIVE To describe the operative strategy and clinical outcomes associated with an extrapial approach to hippocampal resection during ATL. METHODS A database of epilepsy surgeries performed by a single surgeon between October 2011 and February 2019 was reviewed to identify all patients who underwent ATL using an extrapial approach to hippocampal resection. To reduce confounding variables for outcome analysis, subjects with prior resections, tumors, and cavernous malformations were excluded. Seizure outcomes were classified using the Engel scale. RESULTS The surgical technique is described and illustrated with intraoperative images. A total of 62 patients met inclusion criteria (31 females) for outcome analysis. Patients with most recent follow-up 3 yr (n = 29) exhibited 79% and 52% class I outcomes, respectively. An infarct was observed on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 3 patients (1 asymptomatic and 2 temporarily symptomatic). An en bloc specimen in which the subiculum and all hippocampal subfields were preserved was obtained in each case. Examples of innovative research opportunities resulting from this approach are presented. CONCLUSION Extrapial resection of the hippocampus can be performed safely with seizure freedom and complication rates at least as good as those reported with the use of subpial techniques.
Multiple UAV Adaptive Navigation for Three-Dimensional Scalar Fields

Adaptive Navigation (AN) control strategies allow an agent to autonomously alter its trajectory based on realtime measurements of the environment. Compared to conventional navigation methods, these techniques can reduce required time and energy to explore scalar characteristics of unknown and dynamic regions of interest (e.g., temperature, concentration level). Multiple Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) approaches to AN can improve performance by exploiting synchronized spatially-dispersed measurements to generate realtime information regarding the structure of the local scalar field, which is then used to inform navigation decisions. This article presents initial results of a comprehensive program to develop, verify, and experimentally implement mission-level AN capabilities in three-dimensional (3D) space using our unique multilayer control architecture for groups of vehicles. Using our flexible formation control system, we build upon our prior 2D AN work and provide new contributions to 3D scalar field AN by a) demonstrating a wide range of 3D AN capabilities using a unified, multilayer control architecture, b) extending multivehicle 2D AN control primitives to navigation in 3D scalar fields, and c) introducing state-based sequencing of these primitive AN functions to execute 3D mission-level capabilities such as isosurface mapping and plume following. We verify functionality using high-fidelity simulations of multicopter drone clusters, accounting for vehicle dynamics, outdoor wind gust disturbances, position sensor inaccuracy, and scalar field sensor noise. This paper presents the multilayer architecture for multivehicle formation control, the 3D AN control primitives, the sequencing approaches for specific mission-level capabilities, and simulation results that demonstrate these functions.
On the Economics of the Increases in the Value of Human Time over Time

In Ricardo’s day ‘… English labourers’ weekly wages were often less than the price of half a bushel of good wheat’.1 By the time that Ricardo published his classic work (1817), the weekly wage of unskilled workers in the United States was equal to the price of two bushels of good wheat.2 In 1890, when Marshall’s Principles appeared, US unskilled workers could buy close to nine bushels of wheat with their weekly wage. In as much as my story pertains largely to changes since then, let me continue for the moment with wages and wheat in the United States. By 1970 the weekly compensation of manufacturing production workers was sufficient to buy 96 bushels of high-quality wheat.3,4 The economics of the decline by half between 1900 and 1970 in the deflated price of wheat is well known. But the economics of the rise in real wages for time spent at work by labour, which is vastly more important, is still in large part unsettled.
Bystander Effects and Adaptive Responses Modulate In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Responses to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

We have utilized cellular and molecular approaches to characterize biological effects that are induced in normal mammalian cells and tissues exposed to low doses/low fluences of ionizing radiations that differ in their quality (i.e. linear energy transfer; LET). In human cells exposed to particulate radiations with high, but not low, LET character, the induced stressful effects were not only confined to the cells that have been directly targeted by the radiation, but involved a number of non-targeted and delayed effects. Chromosomal damage and oxidative changes in proteins and lipids were detected in cells exposed to alpha and high charge and high energy (HZE) particles and in their neighboring bystanders. Signaling events mediated via inflammatory cytokines and/or intercellular channels that comprise gap junctions were critical for the expression of the induced non-targeted effects. With relevance to health risks, the stressful changes in bystander cells were propagated to their progeny. In contrast, induced DNA repair and antioxidant defense mechanisms often attenuated the basal level of DNA damage and oxidative stress to below the spontaneous rate in tissues of animals and in cultured rodent and human cells exposed to low dose/low dose-rate γ rays, a low LET radiation. Together, our data suggest that low dose radiation-induced signaling events act to alter the linearity of the dose-response relation that is predicted by biophysical arguments. They show that the nature of the altered responses strongly depend on radiation quality.
Friedrich Schleiermache's Theory of the Limited Communitarian State

(1990). Friedrich Schleiermache's Theory of the Limited Communitarian State. Canadian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 241-260.
Explaining human uniqueness: genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture.

What makes us human? This question can only be approached by integrating disparate disciplines, from molecular comparisons of genetic and genomic differences in humans and close evolutionary relatives, of organ-systems changes, and by considering the influence of the environment and culture. What makes us human? Specialists in each discipline respond through the lens of their own expertise. In fact, 'anthropogeny' (explaining the origin of humans) requires a transdisciplinary approach that eschews such barriers. Here we take a genomic and genetic perspective towards molecular variation, explore systems analysis of gene expression and discuss an organ-systems approach. Rejecting any 'genes versus environment' dichotomy, we then consider genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture, finally speculating that aspects of human uniqueness arose because of a primate evolutionary trend towards increasing and irreversible dependence on learned behaviours and culture — perhaps relaxing allowable thresholds for large-scale genomic diversity.
Corruption and Theft of Electricity in an Indian State

Utilizing data from the power corporation of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, we study the politics of electricity theft over a ten year period (2000-09). Our preliminary results are that electricity theft is substantial in magnitude but that the extent of theft varies with the electoral cycle of the state. In years when elections to the State Assembly are held, electricity theft is significantly greater than in other years. Most theft is by relatively well-off farmers rather than by industry or ordinary households. In addition, we find that electricity bills are more likely to go unpaid in areas marked by networks of criminals who are politically active. Our interpretation of these various results is that power theft exhibits characteristics consistent with the political capture of public service delivery by local elites.
A new soft-switched DC-DC front-end converter for applications with wide-range input voltage from battery power sources

A technique which improves the performance of the two-inductor boost converter using a new active snubber circuit is described. The proposed snubber circuit consists of a small transformer, two diodes, and an auxiliary switch. This technique reduces reverse-recovery-related losses by controlling the di/dt rate of the rectifier current using a leakage inductance of the transformer. In addition, the energy stored in the leakage inductance is used to discharge the output capacitances of boost switches to zero voltage before they are turned on, thus eliminating their capacitive turn-on switching losses. Moreover, the reflected output voltage across the primary winding of the transformer resets the current in the leakage inductance and makes the auxiliary switch turn off using zero current switching. The performance of the proposed converter was evaluated on a 1.6-kW prototype circuit.
Electrochemical behavior of sulfide at the silver rotating disc electrode

Abstract A rotating silver disc electrode in a sodium hydroxide solution containing sodium sulfide was used to study the anodic polarization, passivation and cathodic polarization of silver sulfide films on the silver disc electrode. Anodic limiting currents are controlled by convective diffusion of sulfide ions at potentials more anodic than the equilibrium potential for silver sulfide/sulfide ion. The anodic depolarization of silver by sulfide is diffusion-limited until the deposited film develops an appreciable thickness. All silver sulfide produced during anodic polarization is quantitatively reduced to silver during a cathodic potential scan.
qTLB: looking inside the look-aside buffer

Rapid evolution of multi-core platforms is putting additional stress on shared processor resources like TLB. TLBs have mostly been private resources for the application running on the core, due to the constant flushing of entries on context switches. Recent technologies like virtualization enable independent execution of software domains leading to performance issues because of interesting dynamics at the shared hardware resources. The advent of TLB tagging with application and VM identifiers, however, increases the lifespan of these resources. In this paper, we demonstrate that TLB tagging and refraining from flushing the hypervisor TLB entries during a VM context switch can lead to considerable performance benefits. We show that it is possible to improve the TLB performance of an important application by protecting its TLB entries from the interference of other low priority VMs/applications and providing differentiated service. We present our QoS architecture framework for TLB (qTLB) and show its benefits.
The case for international collaboration in academic library management, human resources and staff development:

The internationalization of higher education and the continuing expansion of technology as a means for learning and sharing information have radically changed the way in which academic and research libraries offer services and perform outreach. New skills, retooling, re-visioning, and hiring for a rapidly changing environment are essential to maintaining a vibrant and responsive workforce. Library associations offer opportunities for training, sharing expertise, engaging in joint ventures and collaborating to innovate and remain relevant. While international collaborative efforts between library associations are becoming more frequent, these have largely focused on user services. An exploratory study of library associations globally was conducted to determine the level of past efforts and the desirability for greater international exchange between library associations in the areas of management, human resources and staff development. The results of this study indicate a strong desire for greater dialogue especially regarding staff development and library management.
History of economics and history of science: A comparative look at recent work in both fields

The history of science prizes have been awarded to 12 individuals (8 individual authors and 2 sets of coauthors). The history of economics prizes have been awarded to 10 individual authors (no coauthored papers). Seven of the 10 economics prize winners are located in economics departments; the others are in history;4 business history (McCraw); and the history of political thought (Hont). Six of the 12 history of science prize winners are located in history of science programs;5 four more are in history departments;6 one is in a classics department;7 and one is in a geography department. Among the prize winners, then, the history of science is almost exclusively practiced by historians of science, whether they are in history of science departments or in history/classics departments, whereas the history of economics is primarily, but not exclusively, practiced by those in economics departments.8 Although departmental affiliations can be deceiving and ever-changing, clearly Schabas has not convinced historians of economics to abandon the discipline of economics.
Modern Control Methods Applied to a Line-of-Sight Stabilization and Tracking System

Modern control methods are used to develop compensators for a precise optical positioning system designed to track a commanded line-of-sight (LOS) position while rejecting the vibrational environment of an F-16 fighter aircraft, the vehicle upon which the device will be mounted. The physical system being controlled consists of two gimbals that effect large changes in the LOS position, and a mirror assembly that is used, because of its fast dynamic response (but limited range of motion), to reduce LOS jitter (i.e. angular disturbances above 5 Hz that cause blurring). Compensators are designed that include models of the motion to reject and of the motion to track. These models become part of each compensator and enable them to distinguish aircraft vibration from aircraft maneuvers, rejecting the former and tracking the latter. The vibrational disturbance that must be rejected has a magnitude of 560 ?rads rms, which is magnified by the optical system to 1400 ?rads of LOS motion. Simulation of closed-loop performance with a nonlinear dynamic model of the system demonstrated that LOS jitter is reduced to about 130 ?rads rms. A tradeoff between stabilization and tracking is demonstrated. Compensator robustness to unmodelled disturbances is increased using the Loop-Transfer-Recovery technique.
Fibronectin Mechanobiology Regulates Tumorigenesis

Fibronectin (Fn) is an essential extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The structure–function relationship of Fn has been and is still being studied, as changes in its molecular structure are integral in regulating (or dysregulating) its biological activities via its cell, matrix component, and growth factor binding sites. Fn comprises three types of repeating modules; among them, FnIII modules are mechanically unstable domains that may be extended/unfolded upon cell traction and either uncover cryptic binding sites or disrupt otherwise exposed binding sites. Cells assemble Fn into a fibrillar network; its conformational flexibility implicates Fn as a critical mechanoregulator of the ECM. Fn has been shown to contribute to altered stroma remodeling during tumorigenesis. This review will discuss (i) the significance of the structure–function relationship of Fn at both the molecular and the matrix scales, (ii) the role of Fn mechanobiology in the regulation of tumorigenesis, and (iii) Fn-related advances in cancer therapy development.
A Resilient Real-Time Traffic Control System

This paper describes a resilient control system operating in a critical infrastructure. The system is a real-time weather responsive system that accesses weather information that provides near-real-time atmospheric and pavement observation data that is used to adapt traffic signal timing to increase safety. Since the system controls part of a safety critical application survivability and resilience considerations must be an integral part of the system architecture. In order to provide adaptation to system behavior as the result of faults or malicious acts an architecture is presented that monitors itself and adapts its behavior in real-time. The main theoretical contributions are the combination and extension of approaches introduced in previous work. The theory of certifying executions is extended by three concepts: the detection of dependency violations, exceptions triggers, and sensor analysis are considered, a dual-bound threshold approach for detecting off-nominal executions is introduced, profiling is augmented with the concept of behavior sets. Extensive evidence of the effectiveness of the solutions based on a one-year observation of the system in action is presented.
Forging Forgiveness: Collective Efforts Amidst War in Northern Uganda

This paper is a case study analysis of the sociological phenomena of forgiveness occurring in an ongoing two-decade war in northern Uganda. Building on a long-term relationship with the region and utilizing the methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a qualitative questionnaire, I identify two especially important social mechanisms that correlate with the prevalence of forgiveness discourse amongst the Acholi people of northern Uganda: (1) a communal sense of war fatigue and (2) a sense of Acholi collective identity, which the religious and cultural leaders have emphasized to promote a pervasive public dialogue of forgiveness. While recognizing that forgiveness in northern Uganda is contested, findings from my study point to how forgiveness opens a space for some Acholi to assert power and express agency in their lives after years of being portrayed largely as victims. Furthermore, forgiveness also offers the opportunity for some Acholi to experience interpersonal empowerment by maintaining a locus of control through meaning-making.
The Linnaean Games

A frequent topic of discussion at the North Central Branch (NCB) of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) program committee planning sessions during the late 1970's was student participation at the ESA meetings. One suggestion that surfaced was development of a contest for students within the NCB, Such contests have been popularized in other scientific societies and range from comedy skits to identification or judging contests, The NCB program committee, charired by L. C. Pedigo, accepted our suggestion of a college-bowl style entomological contest. The contest was introduced at the NCB annual meeting held at Sioux Falls, S. Dak. in 1982. The primary goal of the contest was to provide an identifiable student activity at our branch meeting, but it also appeared to us that at least two other objectives could be achieved. First, the contest could provide an effective learning tool for participants and audience alike, Secondly, because scientific meetings are predominately serious in nature, such a contest could provide needed diversion from the traditional business of paper-reading sessions, workshops and symposia, In other words, we thought the contest could be fun.
Visual sensitivity, resolution, and Rayleigh matches following monocular occlusion for one week

Following three to four days of monocular light exclusion, the directional sensitivity of the retina was reduced at all areas tested. Changes in the shape of the Stiles–Crawford (SC) function were evident at both photopic and scotopic adaptation levels. The flattening of the SC functions was primarily a result of increased sensitivity to light entering through the periphery of the eye pupil. Here, concentration is on concomitant changes in other visual functions including an overall increase in visual sensitivity and a decrease in resolution of low-intensity gratings. Anomaloscope settings revealed a modest increase in red required for a yellow match.
Adult onset acute myelogenous leukemia and electromagnetic fields in Los Angeles County: bed-heating and occupational exposures.

In a large matched population-based case-control study of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), we did not find incident AML in Los Angeles County (1987-1994) to be associated with previous exposure to electric blankets, electrically heated waterbeds, or occupations with presumed high exposure to electromagnetic fields.
John M. Virgo: A Career Spent in Service to the Development of the Science and Art of Economics

When John M. Virgo sat at his desk in his office at Virginia Commonwealth University in 1972, it is unlikely that he thought that he would devote his entire career to the development of the International Atlantic Economic Society (IAES), an organization that would publish two journals and hold two conferences dedicated to the development and dissemination of research on and related to the various fields that comprise the science and art of economics.
The lytic action of tyrothricin and its derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus

A tyrothricin concentration of 0.01 mg. per ml. causes rapid lysis of Staphylococcus aureus; this lyric action is not enhanced by phage. A concentration of 0.001 mg. per ml. of tyrothricin is likewise capable of lysing staphylococci, and the addition of phage does not appreciably alter the rate of lysis. A concentration of 0.0001 mg. per ml. of tyrothricin is unable to effect lysis though it enhances the lytic activity of phage. The tyrocidine fraction of tyrothricin appears to be responsible for the latter's lytic action.
Field scale spatiotemporal analysis of surface soil moisture for evaluating point-scale in situ networks

Abstract Soil moisture is an intrinsic state variable that varies considerably in space and time. From a hydrologic viewpoint, soil moisture controls runoff, infiltration, storage and drainage. Soil moisture determines the partitioning of the incoming radiation between latent and sensible heat fluxes. Although soil moisture may be highly variable in space and time, if measurements of soil moisture at the field or small watershed scale are repeatedly observed, certain locations can often be identified as being temporally stable and representative of the an area average. This study is aimed at determining the adequacy of long term point-scale surface soil moisture measurements in representing local field scale averages which may ultimately serve as in situ locations for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed soil moisture. Experimental data were obtained by frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors permanently installed in two agricultural fields, AS1 and AS2 (2.23 and 2.71 ha, respectively) at a depth of 5 cm. Twenty additional FDR sensors, spaced 35 m apart, were installed horizontally at a depth of 5 cm in each field with automated data collection being transmitted every 30 min from July 15 through September 20, 2009. Additionally, meteorological data were obtained from existing weather stations in each field. The FDR sensors revealed persistent patterns in surface soil moisture within each field and identified sites that were temporally stable. The locations that were optimal for estimating the area-average field water contents were different from the permanent sensor locations in both fields. Permanent sensor data showed approximately 4 and 10% mean relative differences for fields AS1 and AS2, respectively, with relatively large standard deviations. Thus, minimum offset values could be applied to the temporally stable field sites to obtain representative field average values of surface soil moisture. However, use of permanent sensor data for offset estimates gave poor results. These findings are of relevance for applications of geospatial surface soil moisture data assimilation in hydrologic modeling when only point-scale observations are available, as well as, remotely sensed surface soil moisture calibration and validation studies.
Inferring microRNA activities by combining gene expression with microRNA target prediction.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes via regulating expression of their target genes at the mRNA level. A number of computational approaches regarding miRNAs have been proposed, but most of them focus on miRNA gene finding or target predictions. Little computational work has been done to investigate the effective regulation of miRNAs. Methodology/Principal Findings We propose a method to infer the effective regulatory activities of miRNAs by integrating microarray expression data with miRNA target predictions. The method is based on the idea that regulatory activity changes of miRNAs could be reflected by the expression changes of their target transcripts measured by microarray. To validate this method, we apply it to the microarray data sets that measure gene expression changes in cell lines after transfection or inhibition of several specific miRNAs. The results indicate that our method can detect activity enhancement of the transfected miRNAs as well as activity reduction of the inhibited miRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we show that our inference is robust with respect to false positives of target prediction. Conclusions/Significance A huge amount of gene expression data sets are available in the literature, but miRNA regulation underlying these data sets is largely unknown. The method is easy to be implemented and can be used to investigate the miRNA effective regulation underlying the expression change profiles obtained from microarray experiments.
Tumor necrosis factor: recent advances

Tumor necrosis factor is a protein secreted by activated monocytes. In addition to its known cytotoxic or cytostatic effect on some tumor cells, recently it was discovered to have multiple effects on normal cells. These effects include modulation of cell growth and function, production of growth factors, and induction of surface antigens. In this article we review some of the advances which were made since the gene for tumor necrosis factor was cloned.
Returns on negative beta securities: implications for the empirical SML

Traditional textbook analysis either presumes or graphically depicts a monotonically positively sloped security market line (SML). Tests to empirically derive the SML also presume such a function. This paper argues that over the range of negative betas the SML is not positively sloped but negatively sloped. The SML over both negative and positive ranges, therefore, forms a ‘V’ shaped function with the point of the ‘V’ at a beta of zero and a return equal to the risk-free rate. Empirical tests confirm a negative sloped SML over the range of negative betas. The tests also indicate that the returns of negative beta securities equal or exceed those for their positive beta counterparts. Traditional theory suggests the returns of negative beta securities are less than the risk-free rate. The preliminary empirical analysis indicates otherwise.
Incidence of shoulder dislocation in the United States military: demographic considerations from a high-risk population

BACKGROUND: Little is known of the incidence of shoulder instability, despite some evidence that it may be a common injury in young, athletic individuals. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of shoulder dislocation in United States military personnel, as well as to identify the demographic risk factors for injury. METHODS: We performed a query of the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database with the code from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, for acute shoulder dislocation for the years 1998 through 2006. An overall injury incidence was calculated, in addition to multivariate analysis, to determine independent risk factors among the following demographic considerations: sex, race, branch of military service, rank, and age. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate was 1.69 dislocations per 1000 person-years. Significant demographic risk factors were male sex, white race, service in the Army, junior enlisted rank, and an age of less than thirty years (p Language: en
Cluster abundance in f(R) gravity models

As one of the most powerful probes of cosmological structure formation, the abundance of massive galaxy clusters is a sensitive probe of modifications to gravity on cosmological scales. In this paper, we present results from N-body simulations of a general class of f(R) models, which self-consistently solve the nonlinear field equation for the enhanced forces. Within this class we vary the amplitude of the field, which controls the range of the enhanced gravitational forces, both at the present epoch and as a function of redshift. Most models in the literature can be mapped onto the parameter space of this class. Focusing on the abundance of massive dark matter halos, we compare the simulation results to a simple spherical collapse model. Current constraints lie in the large-field regime, where the chameleon mechanism is not important. In this regime, the spherical collapse model works equally well for a wide range of models and can serve as a model-independent tool for placing constraints on f(R) gravity from cluster abundance. Using these results, we show how constraints from the observed local abundance of X-ray clusters on a specific f(R) model can be mapped onto other members of this general class of models.
Bridging centrality: graph mining from element level to group level

Despite the pervasiveness of networks as models for real world systems ranging from the Internet, the World Wide Web to gene regulation and scientific collaborations, only a limited number of metrics capable of characterizing these systems are available. The existing metrics for characterizing networks have broad specificity and lack the selectivity for many applications. The purpose of this paper is to identify and critically evaluate a metric, termed bridging centrality, which is highly selective for identifying bridges in networks. The properties of bridges are unique compared to the other network metrics. For a diverse range of data sets, we found that networks are highly susceptible to disruption but robust to loss structural integrity upon targeted deletion of bridging nodes. A novel graph clustering approach, termed `bridge cut', utilizing bridging edges as module boundary is also proposed. The modules identified by the bridge cut algorithm are more effective than the other graph clustering methods. Thus, bridging centrality is a network metric with unique properties that may aid in network analysis from element to group level in various areas including systems biology and national security applications.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of Her2/neu signaling and inhibition

Her2/neu (Her2) is a tyrosine kinase belonging to the EGF receptor (EGFR)/ErbB family and is overexpressed in 20–30% of human breast cancers. We sought to characterize Her2 signal transduction pathways further by using MS-based quantitative proteomics. Stably transfected cell lines overexpressing Her2 or empty vector were generated, and the effect of an EGFR and Her2 selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PD168393, on these cells was characterized. Quantitative measurements were obtained on 462 proteins by using the SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) method to monitor three conditions simultaneously. Of these proteins, 198 showed a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in Her2-overexpressing cells, and 81 showed a significant decrease in phosphorylation. Treatment of Her2-overexpressing cells with PD168393 showed rapid reversibility of the majority of the Her2-triggered phosphorylation events. Phosphoproteins that were identified included many known Her2 signaling molecules as well as known EGFR signaling proteins that had not been previously linked to Her2, such as Stat1, Dok1, and δ-catenin. Importantly, several previously uncharacterized Her2 signaling proteins were identified, including Axl tyrosine kinase, the adaptor protein Fyb, and the calcium-binding protein Pdcd-6/Alg-2. We also identified a phosphorylation site in Her2, Y877, which is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain, is distinct from the known C-terminal tail autophosphorylation sites, and may have important implications for regulation of Her2 signaling. Network modeling, which combined phosphoproteomic results with literature-curated protein–protein interaction data, was used to suggest roles for some of the previously unidentified Her2 signaling proteins.
Drosophila singed, a fascin homolog, is required for actin bundle formation during oogenesis and bristle extension

Drosophila singed mutants were named for their gnarled bristle phenotype but severe alleles are also female sterile. Recently, singed protein was shown to have 35% peptide identity with echinoderm fascin. Fascin is found in actin filament bundles in microvilli of sea urchin eggs and in filopodial extensions in coelomocytes. We show that Drosophila singed is required for actin filament bundle formation in the cytoplasm of nurse cells during oogenesis; in severe mutants, the absence of cytoplasmic actin filament bundles allows nurse cell nuclei to lodge in ring canals and block nurse cell cytoplasm transport. Singed is also required for organized actin filament bundle formation in the cellular extension that forms a bristle; in severe mutants, the small disorganized actin filament bundles lack structural integrity and allow bristles to bend and branch during extension. Singed protein is also expressed in migratory cells of the developing egg chamber and in the socket cell of the developing bristle, but no defect is observed in these cells in singed mutants. Purified, bacterially expressed singed protein bundles actin filaments in vitro with the same stoichiometry reported for purified sea urchin fascin. Singed-saturated actin bundles have a molar ratio of singed/actin of approximately 1:4.3 and a transverse cross-banding pattern of 12 nm seen using electron microscopy. Our results suggest that singed protein is required for actin filament bundle formation and is a Drosophila homolog of echinoderm fascin.