cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Wrinkling: A Versatile Platform for Measuring Thin‐Film Properties

Surface instabilities in soft matter have been the subject of increasingly innovative research aimed at better understanding the physics of their formation and their utility in patterning, organizing, and measuring materials properties on the micro and nanoscale. The focus of this Review is on a type of instability pattern known as surface wrinkling, covering the general concepts of this phenomenon and several recent applications involving the measurement of thin-film properties. The ability of surface wrinkling to yield new insights into particularly challenging materials systems such as ultrathin films, polymer brushes, polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies, ultrasoft materials, and nanoscale structured materials is highlighted. A perspective on the future directions of this maturing field, including the prospects for advanced thin-film metrology methods, facile surface patterning, and the control of topology-sensitive phenomena, such as wetting and adhesion, is also presented.
SURVIVING THE ERA OF DEINDUSTRIALIZATION: THE NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE URBAN RUST BELT

ABSTRACT:This article details the transformation of the urban rust belt over the course of economic restructuring. It begins by building typologies of cities at the starting point of restructuring and by showing how cities vary in socioeconomic performance by the endpoint. Multiple methods and data sources are then used to provide a general and detailed story of change for successful and unsuccessful performers. Results show that, in general, deindustrialization is not associated with performance. However, manufacturing still matters. Detailed stories show successful cities of one type have diversified manufacturing, becoming post-industrial producers. Successful cities of another type have specialized, retaining old manufacturing in branch plants. For the first type of city, policies aimed at developing the labor force and encouraging collaboration between local manufacturers is recommended. For the second type, policies targeted at improving the local business climate are encouraged. Results also show a...
Dictionary learning based on Laplacian score in sparse coding

Sparse coding, which produces a vector representation based on sparse linear combination of dictionary atoms, has been widely applied in signal processing, data mining and neuroscience. Constructing a proper dictionary for sparse coding is a common challenging problem. In this paper, we treat dictionary learning as an unsupervised learning process, and propose a Laplacian score dictionary (LSD). This new learning method uses local geometry information to select atoms for the dictionary. Comparisons with alternative clustering based dictionary learning methods are conducted. We also compare LSD with full-training-datadictionary and others classic methods in the experiments. The classification performances on binary-class datasets and multi-class datasets from UCI repository demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
Renin Angiotensin Signaling in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

Summary Many reports indicate that there is an increase in almost all of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during an uncomplicated pregnancy, but renin activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone decrease in preeclampsia (PE) for reasons that are unclear. PE is a life-threatening disorder of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, as well as renal and placental morphologic abnormalities. Although a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, the pathogenic mechanisms of PE remain largely undefined. Immunologic mechanisms and aberrations of the RAS have been long considered contributors to the disorder. Bridging these two concepts, numerous studies report the presence of the angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT 1 -AA) found circulating in preeclamptic women. This autoantibody induces many key features of the disorder through AT 1 receptor signaling, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE. Here we review the functions of the RAS during normal pregnancy and PE, and highlight the role of AT 1 -AA in both animal models and in the human disorder.
Optimization of the analytical performance of the magnetic sector mass spectrometer for the identification of residual chloramphenicol in shrimp

Chemical noise limits mass spectrometric detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) with electron capture ionization at low resolution, and makes CAP identification at concentrations of 5 parts per billion (ppb) difficult. Increasing the resolution from 1000 to 3500, however, was sufficient to separate the analyte signals from the noise signals, and resulted in a 100 times higher analytical sensitivity. The introduction of sweep gas in the ion source decreased the scattering of the quantitative results on average by a factor of 7, and thereby improved the precision of the analyses to an acceptable level (CV < 10%). Under such conditions, CAP residues of 1.5 and 2.1 ppb in shrimp as determined by electron capture gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can readily be identified by monitoring four diagnostic ions.
Class III β-tubulin expression in sensory and nonsensory regions of the developing avian inner ear

A previous study showed that class III b-tubulin, a widely used neuron-specific marker, is expressed in mature and regenerating hair cells but not the support cells of the avian inner ear. We investigated the expression of this marker in the developing avian inner ear. We found that class III b-tubulin is not neuron-specific in the avian embryo, but appears to accumulate in neuronal cell types, including hair cells, about the time of their differentiation. In the developing inner ear, some degree of class III b-tubulin immunoreactivity is found in all regions of the otic epithelium from its formation as the otic placode (stage 10 [embryonic day, E1.5]) until about stage 21 (E3.5), when the prospective tegmentum vasculosum begins to lose its staining. By stage 35 (E8‐9), most of the nonsensory epithelia have lost their class III b-tubulin staining, leaving distinct regions of staining between the morphological compartments of the inner ear. Concurrent with the loss of staining from nonsensory regions, the hair cells of the sensory epithelia accumulate class III b-tubulin, whereas the supporting cells decrease their staining. We also observed a similar pattern of development in another hair cell organ, the paratympanic organ. Double labeling with the 275 kD hair cell antigen (HCA) indicated that the majority of hair cells identifiable with class III b-tubulin are HCA-positive. Additionally, presumptive hair cells were identified which were not within defined sensory epithelia. Our findings show that class III b-tubulin can be used as an early marker for hair cell differentiation in all hair cell sensory epithelia in the chicken. J. Comp. Neurol. 406:183‐198, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: chicken; cochlea; embryo; paratympanic organ; thyroid; vestibular
Algebraic Constructions of Nonbinary Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes

In the late 1950's and early 1960's, finite fields were successfully used to construct linear block codes, especially cyclic codes, with large minimum distances for correcting random errors with algebraic decoding, such as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocqenghem (BCH) and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. Recently it has been shown that finite fields can also be used successfully to construct binary quasi-cyclic (QC)-LDPC codes that perform very well not only over the AWGN channel but also over the binary erasure channel with iterative decoding, besides being efficiently encodable. This paper is concerned with constructions of nonbinary QC-LDPC codes based on finite fields.
Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imaging

MIT Lincoln Laboratory in investigating the detection and identification of stationary ground targets in high resolution, fully polarimetric, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. This article (1) provides a brief description of the Lincoln Laboratory SAR, (2) describes an optimum polarimetric processing technique used to construct minimum-speckle SAR intensity imagery, and (3) presents examples of polarimetrically processed imagery.©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Effect of Food Resources on Adult Glyptapanteles militaris and Meteorus communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Parasitoids of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Adult parasitoids frequently require access to food and adequate microclimates to maximize host location and parasitization. Realized levels of parasitism in the field can be significantly influenced by the quantity and distribution of extra-host resources. Previous studies have demonstrated a significant effect of landscape structure on parasitism of the armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). As a possible mechanism underlying this pattern, we investigated the effect of carbohydrate food sources on the longevity and fecundity of armyworm parasitoids under laboratory conditions of varying temperature, host availability, and mating status. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) adults lived significantly longer when provided with honey as food and when reared at 20°C versus 25°C. Meteorus communis (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) adults also lived significantly longer when provided with honey, although longevity was reduced when females were provided hosts. Honey-fed females of M. communis parasitized significantly more hosts because of their increased longevity, but did not differ in daily oviposition from females provided only water. Mating significantly increased parasitism by honey-fed M. communis, but not those provided water alone. These results indicate that the presence of both carbohydrate resources and moderated microclimates may significantly increase the life span and parasitism of these parasitoids. However, the greater longevity and lower daily rate of oviposition of M. communis suggest that food and microclimate resources are more critical for this species than for the shorter lived, gregarious G. militaris. These findings contribute to our understanding of how these two parasitoids respond to landscape complexity.
THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORKPLACE SEX AND RACE COMPOSITION

▪ Abstract This chapter reviews research on the determinants and consequences of race and sex composition of organizations. Determinants include the composition of the qualified labor supply; employers' preferences, including the qualifications they require; the response of majority groups; and an establishment's attractiveness, size, and recruiting methods. The race and sex composition of an establishment affects workers' cross-group contact; stress, satisfaction, and turnover; cohesion; stereotyping; and evaluation. Composition also affects organizations themselves, including their performance, hiring and promotion practices, levels of job segregation, and wages and benefits. Theory-driven research is needed (a) on the causal mechanisms that underlie the relationships between organizational composition and its determinants and consequences and (b) on the form of the relationships between organizational composition and workers outcomes (e.g., cross-group contact, cohesion, turnover, etc). Research is nee...
A nested grid model of the Oregon Coastal Transition Zone: Simulations and comparisons with observations during the 2001 upwelling season

[1] The Oregon Coastal Transition Zone (OCTZ) extends several hundred kilometers offshore where shelf flows interact with the northern California Current. A primitive-equation numerical ocean model is used to study the upwelling circulation in this region from 1 May to 1 November 2001. This OCTZ model obtains initial and boundary conditions from a larger-scale model of the California Current System and forcing from a regional atmospheric model product. The model results are compared with extensive in situ and remotely sensed data, and the model is found to provide a realistic representation of flows both over the shelf and in the broader OCTZ. Simulation of coastal sea level and shelf currents over the complex topography of the central Oregon coast is improved quantitatively relative to previous regional models. A particularly significant qualitative improvement is realistic representation of coastal jet separation and eddy formation offshore of Cape Blanco. Three-dimensional Lagrangian analysis of water parcel displacement shows that the surface waters inshore of the separated jet are upwelled from near the bottom along the shelf as far north as 45.5°N. A large eddy, which incorporates some of this upwelled water and carries it farther westward, forms offshore in the late summer. Ensemble simulations show a distinction between the strongly deterministic response to wind forcing over the shelf and the more unstable, less predictable jet separation and offshore eddy formation processes in the region near Cape Blanco.
Ultrastructural features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: impact of treatment on desmosomes

Aims A growing body of evidence suggests a role for altered epithelial barrier function in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), but few have described the epithelial structure during inflammation. The purpose of this study was to define ultrastructural features of active, inactive EoE and control subject9s oesophageal epithelia. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy for evaluation of EoE. Mucosal pinch biopsies were obtained from the distal oesophagus and processed for routine histology and electron microscopic assessment. Clinical features of enrolled subjects were analysed and subjects were divided into four groups: normal, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inactive EoE and active EoE. Representative photomicrographs of the basal and superficial epithelia were reviewed for abnormalities. Desmosomes were quantified on the surface of epithelia three to four prickle-cell layers above the basal layer. Results Twenty-nine paediatric cases (ages 2–18 years) were enrolled in the study. We observed a significant decrease in the number of desmosomes per cell (DPC) of subjects with active EoE compared with inactive EoE, GERD and normal epithelia. With respect to DPC, no significant differences were found between inactive EoE compared with GERD or normal subjects. Additional ultrastructural features observed included epithelial microplicae and evidence of eosinophil transmigration, degranulation, and sombrero formation. Conclusions Consistent with clinical and molecular findings, our ultrastructural data provide support for an altered oesophageal barrier in paediatric cases with active EoE, which may improve following treatment.
Who Wants to Be a Communist? Career Incentives and Mobilized Loyalty in China

This article analyses trends in the Chinese Communist Party's recruitment strategy and the composition of Party members. Based on original survey data, it analyses the motives for joining the CCP, the consequences on career mobility, and the effects of Party membership on political beliefs and behaviour in contemporary China. These data reveal three key findings. First, for those who aspire to positions in the Party/government bureaucracy or SOEs, Party membership is a necessary, if not sufficient, condition; for those in the non-state sector, it is youth and college education that are the keys to top jobs, and not Party membership. Second, CCP members are more likely to donate time, money, and even blood, for various causes, and to vote in local people's congress elections. This behaviour demonstrates mobilized loyalty: the CCP mobilizes its members to participate in these activities to demonstrate their loyalty to the regime and to serve as examples to the rest of the population. Third, Party members are not more likely to support and trust their state institutions: while they do have higher levels of support for the centre than the rest of population generally, Party membership does not produce increased support for the local state. Nor does economic development: all else being equal, support for central and local party-state institutions is lower in the most developed cities. These findings call into question the Party's recruitment and development policies, as well as the conventional wisdom on the link between economic development and popular support for the status quo.
Are environmental Kuznets curves misleading us? The case of CO2 emissions

Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) analysis links changes in environmental quality to national economic growth. The reduced form models, however, do not provide insight into the underlying processes that generate these changes. We compare EKC models to structural transition models of per capita CO2 emissions and per capita GDP, and find that, for the 16 countries which have undergone such a transition, the initiation of the transition correlates not with income levels but with historic events related to the oil price shocks of the 1970s and the policies that followed them. In contrast to previous EKC studies of CO2 the transition away from positive emissions elasticities for these 16 countries is found to occur as a sudden, discontinuous transition rather than as a gradual change. We also demonstrate that the third order polynomial 'N' dependence of emissions on income is the result of data aggregation. We conclude that neither the 'U'- nor the 'N'-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and income provide a reliable indication of future behaviour.
Adjusting shape parameters using model-based optical flow residuals

We present a method for estimating the shape of a deformable model using the least-squares residuals from a model-based optical flow computation. This method is built on top of an estimation framework using optical flow and image features, where optical flow affects only the motion parameters of the model. Using the results of this computation, our new method adjusts all of the parameters so that the residuals from the flow computation are minimized. We present face tracking experiments that demonstrate that this method obtains a better estimate of shape compared to related frameworks.
Aprovechar la web social en clase de E/LE

El objetivo principal de esta comunicacion es presentar una experiencia personal acerca de como podemos, los profesores de ELE, incorporar la web social a nuestras clases de espanol, mediante la adaptacion de tareas comunicativas. Todos sabemos ya, que actualmente se hallan a nuestra disposicion en internet multitud de herramientas gratuitas y relativamente faciles de utilizar, incluso para los emigrantes digitales, es decir, aquellos que estamos en el mundo desde antes de la llegada de la era digital. Por esta razon, ni el profesor ni el alumno necesitan ya ser expertos en nuevas tecnologias para hacer uso de la web social o web 2.0., basta con tener un poco de curiosidad y ganas de aprender, como las que dieron origen a esta presentacion.
A Max Margin Framework on Image Annotation and Multimodal Image Retrieval

This paper presents a max margin framework on image annotation and multimodal image retrieval as a structured prediction model. Following the max margin approach the image retrieval problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem. By properly selecting joint feature representation between different modalities, our framework captures the dependency information between different modalities and avoids retraining the model from scratch when database undergoes dynamic updates. While this framework is a general approach which can be applied to multimodal information retrieval in any domains, we apply this approach to the Berkeley Drosophila embryo image database for the evaluation purpose. Experimental results show significant performance improvements over a state-of-the-art method.
A transdisciplinary approach to the selection of moderators of an exercise promotion intervention: Baseline data and rationale for Colorado STRIDE

A transdisciplinary approach incorporating biological, psychological, behavioral, and genetic factors was taken to better identify proposed moderators of the effectiveness of an intervention to increase physical activity. This paper illustrates how theory-based individual difference variables can be integrated into a complex randomized controlled trial. The transdisciplinary framework guiding the selection of moderators, the COSTRIDE intervention study and sample, and the relationships among baseline variables are provided. Participants were non-active individuals randomly assigned to either the STRIDE exercise or health-and-wellness contact control condition. Structural equation modeling was utilized to demonstrate that relationships among baseline variables confirm hypothesized relationships in the transdisciplinary framework. Preliminary data from COSTRIDE suggest that interventions among sedentary individuals may be more effective if a broader range of factors influencing physical activity are considered.
Vascular anatomy of the eyelids

Purpose: The eyelids have a rich vascular supply, and bleeding may compromise both surgical technique and postoperative results. Generally, it is known that the eyelids contain a marginal and peripheral arcade, but detailed anatomic information is not available. This study therefore was undertaken to determine the detailed anatomy of eyelid vascularity. Method: The common carotid arteries of six fresh cadaver heads were injected with a compound consisting of a partially polymerized monomer, to which a catalyst and promoter were added to cause hardening. The soft tissue was then digested, using 40% potassium hydroxide, to obtain detailed casts of the eyelid arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Results: The authors describe the eyelid vascularity and anastomotic network with average distance measurements from clinically relevant soft tissue landmarks in the 12 cadaver eyelids. Conclusions: Consistent patterns of eyelid vascularity were observed. A better understanding of the eyelid vascularity should allow modification of surgical techniques and reduce postoperative complications after eyelid surgery.
Standardizing acute toxicity data for use in ecotoxicology models: influence of test type, life stage, and concentration reporting

Ecotoxicological models generally have large data requirements and are frequently based on existing information from diverse sources. Standardizing data for toxicological models may be necessary to reduce extraneous variation and to ensure models reflect intrinsic relationships. However, the extent to which data standardization is necessary remains unclear, particularly when data transformations are used in model development. An extensive acute toxicity database was compiled for aquatic species to comprehensively assess the variation associated with acute toxicity test type (e.g., flow-through, static), reporting concentrations as nominal or measured, and organism life stage. Three approaches were used to assess the influence of these factors on log-transformed acute toxicity: toxicity ratios, log-linear models of factor groups, and comparison of interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models developed using either standardized test types or reported concentration type. In general, median ratios were generally less than 2.0, the slopes of log-linear models were approximately one for well-represented comparisons, and ICE models developed using data from standardized test types or reported concentrations did not differ substantially. These results indicate that standardizing test data by acute test type, reported concentration type, or life stage may not be critical for developing ecotoxicological models using large datasets of log-transformed values.
Take Your Geography and Trace It

The twentieth century's long list of connections underneath the colour line, dubbed provocatively (if sometimes ahistorically) ‘cosmopolitanism’, reveals a network of international interlocutors spanning India and the United States during the interwar period. This essay reads Dhan Gopal Mukerji's semi-autobiographical Caste and Outcast (1923) alongside W. E. B. DuBois's fictional Dark Princess (1928), in relation to Edouard Glissant's Poetics of Relation (1997). DuBois and Mukerji, throughout their career, were centrally concerned with developing aesthetic protocols to correspond to a more cosmopolitan, globally just politics: a project that they share at the intersections of anti-racist and anticolonial struggles during the interwar period. I suggest here that specific attention to errantry of transnational movement, which structures both books across their respective genres, undergirds a shared aesthetic project. Such transnational circuits are the basis, for Glissant, of a poetics of relation; an erran...
The brain drain, international integration of markets for professionals and unemployment; a theoretical analysis

Nearly the entire theoretical literature on the effects of the ‘brain drain’ from the less developed countries on their welfare has. been undert.aken in the framework of neoclassical models of the Hicks-Samuelson value-theoretic variety.’ While the analysts in this genre have greatly clarified certain issues such as the nature of the objective function to be specified, their analysis and prescriptions have been constrained by the theoretical model which the:y work with. The central result of their analysis, attributable to Grubel and Scott (1966), that brain drain prima facie should not be a cause for worry as the drained person will only take away the value of his marginal product which he himself earns anyway, can be rather obviously shown to be subject to the limitations that (i) for finite, rather than infinitestimal, shifts of labour, there woulld still be a loss to those left bel~ind;2 (ii) if the social marginal product exceeds the private marginal ‘product, thanks to strong externalities, as would seem to be the case with doctors and exceptionally gifted academics about whose emigration typically the underdeveloped countries seem to worry, then again there i.7 a loss to those left behind; 3
Partitioning Matroids with Only Small Cocircuits

We show that, for every positive integer c*, there is an integer n such that, if M is a matroid whose largest cocircuit has size c*, then E(M) can be partitioned into two sets E1 and E2 such that every connected component of each of MmE1 and MmE2 has at most n elements.
Suburbanization and sustainability in metropolitan Moscow.

Although Soviet‐era urban‐growth controls produced relatively sustainable metropolitan development patterns, low‐density suburban sprawl has accelerated markedly in modern Russia. Distinctive featu...
Propulsive Motility of the Esophagus in Achalasia and other Disorders

Propulsive peristalsis in the esophagus is of two types, usually designated as primary and secondary peristaltic waves. The primary wave is initiated by the act of deglutition, whereas the secondary type of wave is a response to local stimulation of the esophageal wall. Radiologic observation reveals that the primary wave traverses the entire length of the esophagus, whereas the secondary wave is observed in the lower two thirds of the organ.! Propulsive contractions of the esophagus can also be produced by means of distention with a balloon.2- 4 The latter technique has been used in the present study. In the course of this investigation, it was noted that in some patients with achalasia the esophagus retains the ability to propel a balloon distally. This report summarizes observa­ tions of esophageal motility carried out on a group of patients with achalasia as well as in other patients with and without disorders of the esophagus. Method A condom type balloon measuring 10 cm. in length, with a capacity of ap­ proximately 100 cc., was used for the majority of observations. The balloon was attached to an 18-F catheter in such a manner that the lower end of the balloon was located immediately above the tip of the catheter. A glass T -tube was attached to the proximal end of the catheter and permitted the instillation of air into the balloon through one inlet and simultaneous observation of pressure changes by means of a mercury manometer which was attached to the other arm of the T-tube. The catheter was swallowed by the patient until the lower tip lay at a level 30 cm. distal to the upper gum margin, and the patient was then instructed to lie on his left side. The upper end of the balloon was thus located 20 cm. distal to the gum margin. Air was then gradually intr0duced into the balloon in incre­ ments of 5 cc., and variations in pressure were recorded. Active propulsion of the balloon became apparent when the oral end of the catheter began to move down­ ward. After propulsion had occurred the air was aspirated from the balloon, the catheter was withdrawn to its original level, and the distance over which pro­ pulsion had occurred was noted. The patient was instructed not to swallow during the procedure. If swallowing nevertheless occurred, it was followed at times by downward propulsion of the balloon. In such event, the experiment was interrupted and restarted. In the course of the study, the procedure was varied somewhat. For some experiments the balloon was placed at other levels. The size of the balloon was also varied. Submitted for publication June 15, 1957. Accepted for publicatiou August 15, 1957.
WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph performance: feedback from post-processing studies to overall design

The WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph aims at forming direct images and measuring the first spectra of exoplanets in orbit around main sequence stars. An important aspect of the instrument is the ability to remove residual stellar speckles to improve the detectability of such planets. Based on detailed simulations and early laboratory tests, we present here some first estimates of the contrast gain expected from advanced post-processing treatments of AFTA-like coronagraphic images. We further discuss their impact on the overall design of the instrument, including its anticipated observing approach.
Sleep disturbance as a proximal predictor of suicidal intent in recently hospitalized attempters.

Abstract Objectives Insomnia and short self-reported sleep duration are associated with suicidality, adjusting for concurrent depression. Yet, it is unknown whether they correlate with attempters' suicidal intent and the lethality of suicidal acts. This cross-sectional study in hospitalized suicide attempters aimed to investigate whether temporally proximal self-reported sleep disturbance predicts suicidal intent or exerts mediatory effects. Methods Attempters were retrospectively assessed for insomnia severity (Athens Insomnia Scale [AIS]) and average night sleep duration (ANSD) for 2 weeks preceding attempt. The effects of insomnia or ANSD on suicidal intent (Beck's Suicide Intent Scale [BSIS]) were explored in multiple regressions. Mediatory effects were investigated in structural equation models (SEMs). Results A total of 127 adults (59.8% females) were interviewed within two weeks post–suicide attempt. Major psychiatric diagnoses included affective, psychotic, and alcohol-related disorders. Of the participants, 38.6% had current major depression (MDE). A total of 62.2% reported insomnia (AIS ≥ 6); 42.5% reported short ANSD (≤5 hours). BSIS was predicted by AIS ( p = 0.034), short ANSD ( p = 0.015), or insomnia with short ANSD ( p = 0.006). In SEMs, indirect effects of current MDE, affective disorder, and alcohol-related disorder diagnoses on BSIS via AIS tested significant; both AIS and short ANSD partially mediated the effect of age on BSIS. Conclusion Insomnia, short ANSD, and, in particular, insomnia with short ANSD proximally predicted suicidal intent in recent attempters. The effects of current depression and affective and alcohol-related disorder diagnoses on suicidal intent were partially mediated by insomnia; both insomnia and short ANSD partially mediated the effect of age on suicidal intent. Therefore, management of sleep disturbance in at-risk subjects is important, as it may reduce unfavorable outcomes of suicidal acts.
Implied Ethnicity and Attitudes Toward Redistribution in Post-Soviet Georgia: A Survey Experiment

How do citizens in a multiethnic democracy evaluate claims on government assistance made by other ethnic groups? This paper is an analysis of an original survey experiment in the Republic of Georgia to test how ethnicity affects perceptions of demands for government support. In the experiment, subjects are randomly assigned a mock news article, embedded in a longer questionnaire, in which a village makes a demand for either state-based patronage or humanitarian. Subtle cues in the article — region and personal names — suggest the ethnicity of the village — Georgian, Azeri, or Armenian — leaving it to subjects to decide whether to make ethnic identity a relevant factor in their evaluation of the claim. The results show subtle but consistent evidence of ethnic bias, as Georgians are more likely to acknowledge the seriousness of the problem and positively evaluate the proposed solution when the protagonists are Georgians. Respondents were also more likely to assign positive characteristics to Georgian than to Armenian or Azeri protagonists, but there was no discernible different in the attribution of negative characteristics, suggesting a social desirability effect. Perceptions of minority ethnic claims depending on the assigned vignette are found to correspond to existing stereotypes. This study demonstrates how a cognitive approach to ethnicity can be used to identify ethnic favoritism. It contributes to general knowledge about the interaction of ethnicity and redistributive preferences in a field dominated by studies from sub-Saharan Africa.
How the Internet, BCRA, and Super PACs have Affected Donor Attitudes, Behavior, and Campaigns

We examine how structural changes have affected donation behavior and attitudes. We consider three major factors: first, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) and its banning of soft money; second, the emergence of independent expenditure-only committees, or Super PACs; and the availability of the Internet in campaign fundraising. We find that BCRA has led to the major presidential candidates raising much more money. We find that donors generally oppose Super PACs and may decrease trust in the system. Finally, we find that the Internet has altered how individuals contribute money and how they interact with candidates and campaigns.
Towards ‘refiguring presences’ as an anti-colonial orientation to research in early childhood studies

AbstractIn this paper, I craft a methodological orientation for attending to the intricacies of everyday place encounters in early childhood settings with particular attention to settler colonialism and more-than-human entanglements. Drawing from my work with children and educators in childcare settings located in what is now British Columbia, Canada, I use refiguring presences to describe this research methodology, and its particular attention to unsettling everyday place relations in early childhood pedagogies within the context of settler colonialism. I situate refiguring presences in everyday material-discursive impacts in an effort to open up the potentialities and boundaries of political engagement in early childhood studies. I experiment with refiguring presences in relation to what I see as its most important elements. These elements include attending to colonialisms in everyday encounters, restorying contested places, foregrounding more-than-human relationalities and (dis)entangling researcher su...
Preliminary methods for wearable neuro-vascular assessment with non-invasive, active sensing

In this study, a non-invasive and active sensing scheme that is ultimately aimed to be integrated in a wearable system for neuro-vascular health assessment is presented with preliminary results. With this system, vascular tone is modulated by local heating and cooling of the palm, and the resulting changes in local hemodynamics are monitored via impedance plethysmography (IPG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors interfaced with custom analog electronics. Proof-of-concept measurements were conducted on three subjects using hot packs / ice bags to modulate the palmar skin temperature. From ensemble averaged and smoothed versions of pulsatile IPG and PPG signals, the effects of local changes in skin temperature on a series of parameters associated with neuro-vascular mechanisms (heart rate, blood volume, blood flow rate, blood volume pulse inflection point area ratio, and local pulse transit time) have been observed. The promising experimental results suggest that, with different active temperature modulation schemes (consisting of heating / cooling cycles covering different temperature ranges at different rates), it would be possible to enhance the depth and specificity of the information associated with neuro-vascular health by using biosensors that can fit inside a wearable device (such as a sleeve). This study sets the foundation for future studies on designing and testing such a wearable neuro-vascular health assessment system employing active sensing.
Modified iterative method for augmented system

The successive overrelaxation-like (SOR-like) method with the real parameters ω is considered for solving the augmented system. The new method is called the modified SOR-like (MSOR-like) method. The functional equation between the parameters and the eigenvalues of the iteration matrix of the MSOR-like method is given. Therefore, the necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the MSOR-like method is derived. The optimal iteration parameter ω of the MSOR-like method is derived. Finally, the proof of theorem and numerical computation based on a particular linear system are given, which clearly show that the MSOR-like method outperforms the SOR-like (Li, C. J., Li, B. J., and Evans, D. J. Optimum accelerated parameter for the GSOR method. Neural, Parallel & Scientific Computations, 7(4), 453–462 (1999)) and the modified symmetric SOR-like (MSSOR-like) methods (Wu, S. L., Huang, T. Z., and Zhao, X. L. A modified SSOR iterative method for augmented systems. Journal of Computational andApplied Mathematics, 228(4), 424–433 (2009)).
Lymphocyte Subpopulations in ‘Normal’ Lymph Nodes Harvested From Cadavers

Lymphocyte suspensions from 23 mesenteric lymph nodes harvested from clinically normal cadaveric kidney donors were examined for surface markers by flow cytometry. Mononuclear cells were isolated from nodal tissue by density gradient centrifugation and stained by an indirect immunoftuorescent method. A mean T-cell value of 71.0% was obtained using the pan T-cell marker CD3 (Leu 4); a T-helper / T-suppressor ratio of 3.3 was found using the monoclonal antibodies CD4 (Leu 3a+3b) andCDS (Leu la). With the pan B-cell marker CD19 (Leu 12), a B-cell value ofl 8.0% was measured. The κ/λ ratio was 1.6. This study describes a reference range forthe distribution of lymphocyte subsets in mesenteric nodes and compares these data with published reports on the matter.
Mining Influencers Using Information Flows in Social Streams

The problem of discovering information flow trends in social networks has become increasingly relevant due to the increasing amount of content in online social networks, and its relevance as a tool for research into the content trends analysis in the network. An important part of this analysis is to determine the key patterns of flow in the underlying network. Almost all the work in this area has focused on fixed models of the network structure, and edge-based transmission between nodes. In this article, we propose a fully content-centered model of flow analysis in networks, in which the analysis is based on actual content transmissions in the underlying social stream, rather than a static model of transmission on the edges. First, we introduce the problem of influence analysis in the context of information flow in networks. We then propose a novel algorithm InFlowMine to discover the information flow patterns in the network and demonstrate the effectiveness of the discovered information flows using an influence mining application. This application illustrates the flexibility and effectiveness of our information flow model to find topic- or network-specific influencers, or their combinations. We empirically show that our information flow mining approach is effective and efficient than the existing methods on a number of different measures.
Epidemiological analysis of syphilis from 2008 to 2012 in Guizhou province

Objective:To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of syphilis in 2012 in Guizhou province,and to make scientific implications for further control strategies of the disease.Methods:Syphilis data in China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention was used to conduct epidemiological analysis in Guizhou province.Results:11568 syphilis cases were reported,the reported incidence of syphilis is 33.35 /100,000 in 2012;Reported number of various classifications and periods of syphilis increased,and the number of congenital syphilis cases grew fastest among these classification;20 ~ 39 ages group had the most cases;agriculture population took the first place among these population.Conclusion:The number of reported syphilis in Guizhou province is increasing,and further effective approaches on enhancing syphilis screening and strengthening the intervention in high risk groups would be initiated to control syphilis.
Purification and immunological quantification of rat liver lysosomal glycosidases.

Although lysosomal enzyme activities are known to vary in response to numerous physiological and pharmacological stimuli, the relationship between lysosomal enzyme activity and enzyme concentration has not been systematically studied. Therefore we developed radioimmunoassays for two lysosomal glycosidases in order to determine lysosomal enzyme concentration. beta-Galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase were purified from rat liver 2780-fold and 1280-fold respectively, by using differential centrifugation, affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and molecular-sieve chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies to these enzymes were raised in rabbits, and two radioimmunoassays were established. Antibody specificity was shown by: (i) selective immunoprecipitation of enzyme activity; (ii) identical bands of purified enzyme on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis; (iii) single immunoreactive peaks in molecular-sieve chromatography experiments. Sensitivities of the assays were such that 15 ng of beta-galactosidase and 45 ng of beta-glucuronidase decreased the ratio of bound to free radiolabel by 50%; minimal detectable amounts of immunoreactive enzymes were 2 ng and 10 ng respectively. The assays were initially used to assess the effects of physiological perturbations (i.e. fasting and age) on enzyme concentrations in rat liver; these experiments showed that changes in enzyme concentrations do not always correlate with changes in enzyme activities. This represents the first report of radioimmunoassays for lysosomal glycosidases. The results suggest that these radioimmunoassays provide useful technology for the study of regulatory control mechanisms of the concentrations of lysosomal glycosidases in mammalian tissues.
Cholinesterase as a possible marker for early cells of the megakaryocytic series.

Among marrow cells of rats only megkaryocytes stain appreciably for acetylcholinesterase. An investigation was therefore undertaken to determine whether this staining characteristic might be used to identify precursors of recognizable megakaryocytes. Marrow cells smaller than recognizable megakaryocytes were positive for the enzyme. The number of these cells increased after induction of severe thrombocytopenia by injection of antiplatelet antiserum. Subsequently, the number of recognizable megakaryocytes increased, suggesting their derivation from the small acetylcholinesterase-positive cells. These results suggest that acetylcholinesterase activity can be used as a marker for megakaryocytic cells that cannot be detected with conventional staining methods.
On approximate constitutive equations in nonlinear viscoelasticity

In this paper a simplified constitutive equation for nonlinear slightly viscoelastic materials is derived by a method similar to that ofColeman andNoll. This equation is also valid for short times, slow motions, or small deformations superposed on a large steady deformation for all viscoelastic materials. An experimental method for determining the material parameters contained in this constitutive equation for dynamic conditions is also presented.
Generalization of accelerated successive projection method for convex sets intersection problems

We consider a successive projection method for finding a common point in the intersection of closed convex sets with a nonempty interior. We first generalize an iterative projection algorithm known as acceleration method that was introduced earlier in [1] from the case of two closed convex sets to a finite number of closed convex sets, assuming that the intersection set has a nonempty interior. In particular, we establish the convergence of such an algorithm to a common feasible point in the intersection of all the sets. Following this, we establish a geometric rate of convergence for the generalized method when we restrict the convex sets to the class of half-spaces in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces.
Revisiting 802.11 power consumption modeling in smartphones

WiFi activity is a major source of power consumption in today's smartphones. Consequently, accurately WiFi power consumption models are extremely useful for researchers and app developers. Among a large number of models proposed recently, a model introduced by Serrano et al. was the first to add a new component - a per-frame energy toll incurred as a frame traverses the protocol stack - to the power consumption of the wireless NIC. The authors called this new component cross-factor and validated the accuracy of the model on a large number of devices, mostly 802.11g wireless routers and APs. This paper examines the validity of the model introduced by Serrano et al. on today's smartphones. We try to answer two questions: (i) Can the model accurately estimate the power consumption due to WiFi activity in today's smartphones given the complexity of modern smartphone architectures? (ii) Does the model remain valid in the case of 802.11n/ac interfaces, and if yes, can it reflect the impact of the new MAC features (e.g., MIMO, channel bonding) on the WiFi power consumption? Additionally, we study the impact of the power saving mode (PSM) which was ignored in the original model and show that ignoring PSM results in significant overestimation of the total power consumption at low frame generation rates. Accordingly, we propose a new model that works across the full range of frame generation rates and verify its accuracy for a wide range of parameters and devices.
Software Pattern Constructs

A software pattern construct is a syntactical structure in a higher order language which provides examples of correct format for common programming expressions. Typical applications include: input and output phrasing and the use of prompts; control structures; conditional and logical constructs; and secondary data structures as arrays, records, and files. This paper attempts to describe software patterns, and to provide motivation and examples for their use with several languages in an evolving on-line reference system.
Nitrate and Nitrite in Aging and Age-Related Disease

Increasing age is associated with declines in multiple domains of physiological function leading to an increased risk of morbidity, disability, and mortality in older adults. Central to these declines in physiological function is a reduction in the bioavailability of the ubiquitous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Supplementation with precursors of NO, nitrate, and nitrite, improves select vascular, physical, and cognitive functions in middle-aged and older adults and may improve age-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. Collectively, current evidence suggests that nitrate and nitrite supplementation represent promising therapeutic strategies for enhancing physiological function with aging and reducing the risk of age-associated disability and risk of chronic diseases.