cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PMU-aided voltage security assessment for a wind power plant

Because wind power penetration levels in electric power systems are continuously increasing, voltage stability is a critical issue for maintaining power system security and operation. The traditional methods to analyze voltage stability can be classified into two categories: dynamic and steady-state. Dynamic analysis relies on time-domain simulations of faults at different locations; however, this method needs to exhaust faults at all locations to find the security region for voltage at a single bus. With the widely located phasor measurement units (PMUs), the Thevenin equivalent matrix can be calculated by the voltage and current information collected by the PMUs. This paper proposes a method based on a Thevenin equivalent matrix to identify system locations that will have the greatest impact on the voltage at the wind power plant's point of interconnection. The number of dynamic voltage stability analysis runs is greatly reduced by using the proposed method. The numerical results demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed approach for voltage security assessment for a wind power plant.
Lattice Boltzmann Models for Anisotropic Diffusion of Images

The lattice Boltzmann method has attracted more and more attention as an alternative numerical scheme to traditional numerical methods for solving partial differential equations and modeling physical systems. The idea of the lattice Boltzmann method is to construct a simplified discrete microscopic dynamics to simulate the macroscopic model described by the partial differential equations. The use of the lattice Boltzmann method has allowed the study of a broad class of systems that would have been difficult by other means. The advantage of the lattice Boltzmann method is that it provides easily implemented fully parallel algorithms and the capability of handling complicated boundaries. In this paper, we present two lattice Boltzmann models for nonlinear anisotropic diffusion of images. We show that image feature selective diffusion (smoothing) can be achieved by making the relaxation parameter in the lattice Boltzmann equation be image feature and direction dependent. The models naturally lead to the numerical algorithms that are easy to implement. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images are described.
Very long‐term follow‐up results of imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon alpha therapy

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib after failure of interferon alpha therapy has not been detailed. METHODS: In total, 368 patients were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: Overall, 247 patients (67%) achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). Of the 327 patients who were studied, 207 patients (63%) achieved a major molecular response (MMR), and 99 patients (30%) had undetectable breakpoint cluster region/c-abl oncogene (BCR-ABL) levels at some time during therapy. The estimated 10-year survival rate was 68%, the progression-free survival rate was 67%, and the event-free survival rate was 51%. In multivariate analysis, age ≥60 years, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, bone marrow basophils ≥5%, any peripheral blasts, and clonal evolution were independent adverse factors for survival. The estimated 7-year survival rate according to the presence of no factors (n = 154), 1 or 2 factors (n = 190), or ≥3 factors (n = 24) were 93%, 70%, and 25%, respectively (P < .01). Achieving an MMR, a CCyR, or a partial cytogenetic response at 12 months was associated with significantly better 10-year survival rate in a landmark analysis (10-year survival rate, 80%-90%) compared with achieving a minor cytogenetic response or a complete hematologic response (10-year survival rate, 55%-65%) or another response (10-year survival rate, 10%). In a landmark analysis that included imatinib response at 12 months, achieving a major cytogenetic response or better (hazard ratio, 0.12; P < .001) and achieving a complete hematologic response or a minor cytogenetic response (hazard ratio, 0.36; P = .003) were significant favorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that the estimated 10-year survival rate of 68% for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who receive imatinib after failure on interferon has improved. Cancer 2012;118: 3116–22. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Parental refusal to consent for evaluation: A legal analysis with implications for school psychologists

The decision to begin the process for special education eligibility has complexities impacting children, parents, teachers, and schools. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) eligibility provisions specify the need to obtain consent prior to evaluation and options when consent cannot be obtained. School psychologists may encounter parents who are reluctant to provide consent or parents who may seek to condition their permission. The reasons for parent refusal to consent to evaluation are analyzed in a review of administrative and judicial decisions published in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Law Report between 2004 and 2008. Possible parent reactions to the request for evaluation are discussed, and guidelines for school psychologists encountering reluctant parents are provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laparoscopic hepatic lobectomy in the porcine model

Background: To date, there have been only a few anecdotal reports of laparoscopic hepatectomy, most of which are limited to wedge resections. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic hepatic lobectomy in a porcine model.
Boiling in an unconstricted granular medium

Abstract Boiling in an unconstricted bed with 65% porosity formed by spherical nickel particles with 28.3 μm mean diameter was studied in two sets of experiments. In the first set, the granular bed had the shape of a cylindrical annulus and heat was added through the outer cylinder surface with a heat flux up to 1 kW m −2 . Visual observation established in ascending order the evidence of a dry-out region at the bottom of the column, a capillary region in which liquid, as well as vapor, occurred in the voids of the bed, and a chimney region with essentially horizontal cracks and vertical channels and with this uppermost region in a heaving motion. Whether all of these regions existed depended on the total height of the bed. In the second set of experiments, performed in a pressure vessel containing an array of nine heated tubes with the granular medium outside the tubes, the establishment of a dry region below the wetted region (comprising the capillary and chimney regions) was determined by the measurement of the vertical temperature profile along the tube wall at a heat flux up to 50 kW m −2 . The wetted region in the bed is independent of the pressure level and of the total height of the bed. The dry region forms when the total bed height is larger than the wetted region. The height of the capillary region changes inversely proportional to the square root of the heat flux whereas the chimney region is essentially independent of it.
Splice Form Dependence of β-Neurexin/Neuroligin Binding Interactions

Summary Alternatively spliced β-neurexins (β-NRXs) and neuroligins (NLs) are thought to have distinct extracellular binding affinities, potentially providing a β-NRX/NL synaptic recognition code. We utilized surface plasmon resonance to measure binding affinities between all combinations of alternatively spliced β-NRX 1-3 and NL 1-3 ectodomains. Binding was observed for all β-NRX/NL pairs. The presence of the NL1 B splice insertion lowers β-NRX binding affinity by ∼2-fold, while β-NRX splice insertion 4 has small effects that do not synergize with NL splicing. New structures of glycosylated β-NRXs 1 and 2 containing splice insertion 4 reveal that the insertion forms a new β strand that replaces the β10 strand, leaving the NL binding site intact. This helps to explain the limited effect of splice insert 4 on NRX/NL binding affinities. These results provide new structural insights and quantitative binding information to help determine whether and how splice isoform choice plays a role in β-NRX/NL-mediated synaptic recognition.
3-D image analysis of intra-cerebral brain hemorrhage from digitized CT films

A new 3-D technique for the segmentation and quantification of human spontaneous intra-cerebral brain hemorrhage (ICH) is presented in this paper. The algorithm for ICH primary region segmentation uses the spatially weighted K-means histogram-based clustering algorithm. The ICH edema region segmentation algorithm employs an iterative morphological processing of the ICH brain data. A volume rendering technique is used for the effective 3-D visualization of ICH segmented regions. A computer program is developed for use in the human spontaneous ICH study involving a large number of patients. Experimental measurements and visualization results are presented which were computed on real ICH patient brain data.
Intravenous self-administration of fencamfamine and cocaine by beagle dogs under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement☆

Abstract Catheterized beagle dogs were given access to response-contingent intravenous injections of fencamfamine (FEN) or cocaine (COC) injections under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement. Both drugs maintained selfadministration behavior considerably above saline levels; there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the number of injections per daily session and the dose per injection. Presession treatment with the dopaminergic antagonist pimozide (PIM) appreciably altered both the FEN and COC dose-effect curves, suggesting a dopaminergic component in the reinforcing properties of these substances. When tested under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule, both FEN and COC maintained nearly identical FR-values which were considerably above those seen for saline. It appears from these data that FEN may have a cocaine-like abuse potential.
Identification of two novel, potent, low-liability antinociceptive compounds from the direct in vivo screening of a large mixture-based combinatorial library.

Synthetic combinatorial methods now make it practical to readily produce hundreds of thousands of individual compounds, but it is clearly impractical to screen each separately in vivo. We theorized that the direct in vivo testing of mixture-based combinatorial libraries during the discovery phase would enable the identification of novel individual compounds with desirable antinociceptive profiles while simultaneously eliminating many compounds with poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, or pharmacokinetic properties. The TPI 1346 small-molecule combinatorial library is grouped in 120 mixtures derived from 26 functionalities at the first three positions and 42 functionalities at the fourth position of a pyrrolidine bis-cyclic guanidine core scaffold, totaling 738,192 compounds. These 120 mixtures were screened in vivo using the mouse 55°C warm water tail-withdrawal assay to identify mixtures producing antinociception. From these data, two fully defined individual compounds (TPI 1818-101 and TPI 1818-109) were synthesized. These were examined for antinociceptive, respiratory, locomotor, and conditioned place preference effects. The tail-withdrawal assay consistently demonstrated distinctly active mixtures with analgesic activity that was blocked by pretreatment with the non-selective opioid antagonist, naloxone. Based on these results, synthesis and testing of TPI 1818-101 and 1818-109 demonstrated a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect three to five times greater than morphine that was antagonized by mu- or mu- and kappa-opioid receptor selective antagonists, respectively. Neither 1818-101 nor 1818-109 produced significant respiratory depression, hyperlocomotion, or conditioned place preference. Large, highly diverse mixture-based libraries can be screened directly in vivo to identify individual compounds, potentially accelerating the development of promising therapeutics.
Performance of Heavily-Loaded Oscillatory Journal Bearings

Results of experimental work in which plain bearings of various materials were operated under oscillatory motion and heavy loads are described. Bearing stress (based on projected area) covered the range 69 MN/m2 to 620 MN/m2. The effect of different grease lubricants, temperature, bearing stress, and oscillatory mode on wear and friction characteristics was studied. Maximum load capacity of a number of bronze and steel bearing materials has been determined. Recommendations for selection of materials and design of bearings for oscillatory motion and heavy loads are given along with design charts and tables. Presented at the 31st Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 10–13, 1976
Modulation of murine melanoma growth by naloxone.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the growth of B16 melanoma, a murine tumor known to possess opioid receptors. Naloxone inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma in vitro when monolayer cultures were continuously exposed to concentrations of ≥0.25 mg/ml. Tumor cell proliferation as measured by [3H]thymidine ([3H]Tdr) incorporation is reduced by a continuous 48-h treatment with ≥0.025 mg/ml but slightly enhanced by a 6-h treatment. The administration of naloxone to mice caused a transient inhibition of subcutaneous local tumor growth at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg daily. At a dose of 10 mg/kg daily, naloxone caused a slight reduction in the number of pulmonary metastases following the intravenous inoculation of tumor cells. The mechanism by which naloxone inhibits tumor growth in vivo is not clear, but factors other than direct cytotoxicity may also be involved. The results further support the role of the endogenous opioid system in the modulation of tumor growth.
Architecture for Dynamic Protocol-level Adaptation to Enhance Network Service Performance

The paper describes a protocol management architecture to enhance the performance of network service provisioning to clientele. In our model, a service provider (SP) maintains multiple protocol modules to exercise the infrastructure resources, with each protocol exhibiting a certain degree of cost optimality in distinct operating regions of the network infrastructure. During run-time, the SP selects one of the protocol modules that can meet the client-requested service obligation against the current resource-level operating conditions. The goal is to offer a sustained access to the service with a resource-optimal and QoS-compliant service offering. Accordingly, the protocol selection by SP needs to consider the tradeoff between 'service sustainability' and 'resource optimality' in various operating regions of the network. Often, a robust protocol is less efficient in infrastructure resource usage, and vice versa. Our model allows a 'dynamic switching' from one protocol module to another at run-time based on the changing resource conditions. The paper describes 'protocol switching' as an architectural foundation for building cost-effective network services. A sample network service: adaptive 'content distribution network', is also described along with a simulation study.
Dynamics of a simple regulatory switch

We consider the dynamics of a model toggle switch abstracted from the genetic interactions operative in a fungal stress response circuit. The switch transduces an external signal and propagates it forward by mediating the transport between compartments of two interacting gene products. The transport between compartments is assumed to be related to the degree of association between the interacting proteins, a fact for which there exists a wealth of biological evidence. The ubiquity and modularity of this cellular control mechanism warrants a detailed study of the dynamics entailed by various modelling assumptions. Specifically, we consider a general gate model in which both of the associating proteins are freely transportable between compartments. A more restrictive, but biologically supported model, is considered in which only one of the two proteins undergoes transport. Under the strong assumption that the disassociation of the interacting proteins is unidirectional we show that the qualitative dynamics of the two models are similar; that is they both converge to unique periodic orbits. From a biophysical perspective the assumption of unidirectional dissociation is unrealistic. We show that the same result holds for the more restrictive model when one weakens the assumption of unidirectional binding or disassociation. We speculate that this is not true for the more general model. This difference in dynamics may have important biological implications and certainly points to promising avenues of research.
Synthesis and structure of [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-N-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide)Cl]Cl; biological evaluation, topoisomerase II inhibition and reaction with DNA and human serum albumin

We have synthesized and evaluated the biological properties of a compound of the type [η6-p-cymene)Ru(EtATSC)Cl]Cl (1) where EtATSC = 2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-N-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide, a thiosemicarbazone. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopically (NMR, UV-Vis, and IR) and structurally by XRD. The in vitro anticancer activity of 1 has been evaluated against two human colon cancer cell lines. The IC50 value for activity against HCT-116 was 224 ± 7 μM and 205 ± 5 μM against the Caco-2 cell line. The proficiency of 1 as an antibacterial agent was also evaluated against six bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Bacillus cereus was determined to be 5 μM and for Enterococcus faecalis it was 20 μM. At the maximum concentration tested the complex showed no activity against the Gram-negative strains. The complex binds strongly to human serum albumin with a binding constant of 1.37 ± 0.02 M−1 at 308 K on a single binding site. It is also a strong binder to DNA with an apparent binding constant of 2.82 × 105 M−1 at 308 K. 1 shows very good activity as a catalytic inhibitor of human topoisomerase II at concentrations as low as 20 μM.
Recent mammalian gene duplications: robust search for functionally divergent gene pairs.

Comparison of 317 gene pairs in human and mouse that were duplicated after the most recent common ancestor of the two species was used to search for candidates that may have undergone functional differentiation. Even when corrected for multiple tests, Tajima’s relative rate test showed significant rate differences in 36% of cases for which the test was applicable. However, a significant result in this case was increasingly likely as the sequence length increased; thus, a statistically significant result of a relative rate test may not be biologically meaningful. We used regression methods to provide more robust methods of testing for functionally differentiated gene pairs, which take into account the variation in the entire data set by examination of residuals from regression-identified gene pairs with unusually high nonsynonymous divergence from a reference sequence and from each other. This approach identified six duplicate gene pairs that appeared to be candidates for functional differentiation as a result of positive Darwinian selection.
Analytical utilization of the polarographic and voltammetric behavior of some sulfur-containing purines

Abstract The polarographic and voltammetric behavior at the dropping mercury and pyrolytic graphite electrodes of 6-thiopurine, purine-6-sulfinic acid, purine-6-sulfonic acid, purine-6-sulfonamide and bis(6-purinyl) disulfide is discussed from the viewpoint of their analytical applicability. Procedures are described for the determination of the single compounds or mixtures of several compounds. The polarographic and voltammetric behavior of these compounds is so characteristic that the observed waves can be utilized for very sensitive qualitative identification.
Chylous pericardial effusion after minimally invasive mitral valve repair

We would like to report the first case of chylous pericardial effusion after thymus gland injury in a middle-aged patient who underwent minimally invasive mitral valve surgery, and outline the surgical approach to manage this condition.
Parameter-dependent L/sub 2/-gain control synthesis

This paper presents L/sub 2/-gain synthesis of (finite-dimensional) linear parameter-varying (LPV) control systems in the setting of differential game theory. The output feedback control of fast-time-scale variables is gain-scheduled as a C/sup 1/-continuous function of slow-time-scale parameters. The salient features of the proposed parameter-dependent L/sub 2/-gain control are: (i) no explicit dependence on the temporal rates of the scheduling variables; and (ii) structural similarity with the standard finite-dimensional linear time-invariant (FDLTI) H/sub /spl infin// control law.
Clonal evolution of pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells precedes human acute myeloid leukemia

Massively parallel DNA sequencing has uncovered recurrent mutations in many human cancers. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cancer genome/exome resequencing has identified numerous recurrently mutated genes with an average of 5 mutations in each case of de novo AML. In order for these multiple mutations to accumulate in a single lineage of cells, they are serially acquired in clones of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), termed pre-leukemic HSC. Isolation and characterization of pre-leukemic HSC have shown that their mutations are enriched in genes involved in regulating DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and the cohesin complex. On the other hand, genes involved in regulating activated signaling are generally absent. Pre-leukemic HSC have been found to persist in clinical remission and may ultimately give rise to relapsed disease through the acquisition of novel mutations. Thus, pre-leukemic HSC may constitute a key cellular reservoir that must be eradicated for long-term cures.
Increased Immunoreactive Rat Lung Icam-1 in Oleic Acid-Induced Lung Injury

Levels of immunoreactive ICAM-1 in rat lung were followed during the kinetic development of acute oleic acid-induced lung injury in the rat by the ELISA assay. Significant increases in ICAM-1 immunoreactivity were found on rat lung membranes within 30 min of oleic acid injection. The increased immunoreactive ICAM-1 persisted for the duration of the study (4 h) and paralleled lung injury as measured by decreased lung compliance. Enhanced ICAM-1 immunofluorescence was also observed on cryostat sections of lungs from oleic acid-treated rats. No direct effect of oleic acid on ICAM-1 levels of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells or rat lung microvascular endothelial cells was observed. This suggests that either oleic acid raises rat lung ICAM-1 levels on endothelial cells by an indirect mechanism or that oleic acid increases ICAM-1 levels on other cell types, such as fibroblasts or lung epithelial cells, by direct or indirect mechanisms. Some of the increased ICAM-1 may also be due to the accumulation of ICAM-1 containing circulating leukocytes in the lung. The role of ICAM-1 in the pathophysiology of oleic acid-induced lung injury and the mechanism by which oleic acid increases ICAM-1 expression in the lung therefore remain to be defined by future experimentation.
Growth and overall transformation kinetics above the bay temperature in Fe-C-Mo alloys

The kinetics and morphology of isothermal transformation in the vicinity of the time-temperaturetransformation (TTT) diagram bay have been investigated with optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 19 Fe-C-Mo alloys at three levels of carbon concentration (approximately 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 wt pct) and at Mo concentrations from 2.3 to 4.3 wt pct, essentially always at temperatures above or at that of the bay,Tb. Quantitative metallography yielded no evidence for incomplete transformation (stasis) in any of these alloys atT > Tb. Measurements of the thickening kinetics of grain boundary ferrite allotriomorphs (invariably containing either interphase boundary or fibrous Mo2C) demonstrated four different patterns of behavior. The customary parabolic time law for allotriomorph thickening in Fe-C and in many Fe-C-X systems was obtained only at higher temperatures and in the more dilute Fe-C-Mo alloys studied. With decreasing temperature and increasing solute concentrations, a two-stage and then two successive variants of a three-stage thickening process are found. In the most concentrated alloys and at temperatures nearest the bay, the second stage of the three-stage thickening process corresponds to “growth stasis”—the cessation of allotriomorph thickening. Sufficient prolongation of growth stasis presumably leads to “transformation stasis.” A number of models for growth of the carbide-containing allotriomorphs were investigated during attempts to explain the observed kinetics. It was concluded that their growth is controlled by carbon diffusion in austenite but with a driving force drastically reduced by a very strong solute drag-like effect (SDLE) induced by Mo segregation at disordered-type austenite: ferrite boundaries. Carbide growth in the fibrous structure appears to be fed by diffusion of Mo along austenite: ferrite boundaries, whereas carbides in the interphase boundary structure grow primarily by volume diffusion of Mo through austenite.
An on-line microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system

Abstract Heart rate is a very sensitive measure for evaluating the physiological strain in industrial muscular work. A review of the literature showed that most researchers resorted to the manual counting of heart beats. Some use analog devices such as cardiotachometers and very few use digital systems which are often expensive. Moreover, the existing cardiac monitors were developed for patient monitoring and for monitoring physical activities that do not require severe contractions of the chest muscles. They are not suitable for monitoring heavy activities because of signal interference. The main objective of the present study is to develop and test an on-line microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system that is capable of accurately and rapidly computing the heart rate of individuals engaged in manual industrial tasks. The design, specifications and merits of the system are given. The software package developed is written in macroassembly language for the IBM AT personal computer. The experimental evaluation of the microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system shows a high degree of correlation between computer and manual calculations ( r = 0.977 ). The experimental evaluation indicates that the system developed is highly accurate.
Effect of Sternotomy and Coronary Bypass Surgery on Postoperative Pulmonary Mechanics: Comparison of Internal Mammary and Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is commonly performed via a median sternotomy with a reversed saphenous vein (SV) and/or an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft. Sternotomy and IMA harvesting may adversely affect postoperative respiratory function (PFTs) as disruption of the sternun may impair chest wall stability, and the decrease in intercostal muscle blood supply after removal of the IMA may reduce the force of respiration. We compared preoperative and six- to eight-week postoperative PFTs in patients undergoing CABG. The results were independent of age, sex, number of grafts, aortic cross clamp time, duration of bypass run, and postbypass fluid gradient. It was concluded that sternotomy caused a decrease in postoperative PFTs and that IMA harvesting may be accompanied by greater impairment in PFTs than when SV grafts alone were used.
Intense focal uptake of technetium-99m diphosphonate in a soft tissue mass**

A 69-YEAR-OLD man developed a 20-cm soft tissue mass in the left medial knee region over a 2-year period (Fig 1). He was completely asymptomatic, with no pain or limitation of knee range of motion. In order to evaluate possible bony involvement, a radionuclide bone scan was performed. It showed intense, heterogenous uptake in the left knee soft tissue tumor and minimum periosteal reaction (Fig 2). Routine roentgenogram and computed axial tomography scan (Fig 3) defined the tumor to be a 12 x 16 x 16-cm encapsulated mass in the soft tissue of the left knee. The lesion displaced, but did not appear to invade the bony structures or articular surfaces of the left knee joint. At surgery a 1.9-kg, 14 x 17 x 18-cm, yellowish-tan mass covered by a thin capsule of fibrous connective tissue was shelled out from the soft tissues with clear margins throughout (Fig 4). The cut surface showed whitish-yellow and reddish gelatinous nodules. Pathologically, the tumor was a well-encapsulated myxoliposarcoma (Fig 5). Diphosphonate imaging agents localize in bone and kidneys as well as in organs including myocardium, 1-3 skeletal muscle, 4'5 joint, ~-9 cartilage, 1~ breast, ~2 liver, 13-15 spleen, 16-~8 lung, 19,2~ pancreas, 21 adrenal gland, 22 uterus, 23'24 ovary, 24'25 colon, 26 brain, 27'28 and ascitic, 29 pericardial, 3~ and pleural fluids. 31 An exhaustive list of nonosseous uptakes has been compiled by Silberstein and McAfee. 32 Both benign and malignant primary soft tissue tumors can accumulate technet ium-99m diphosphonate bone imaging agents) 3 The uptake intensity is variable, ranging from low to very high. Uptake is generally more intense in malignant than in benign soft tissue tumors; however, there is considerable overlap. 33 Absence of uptake in a soft tissue mass is highly suggestive that the lesion is benign. 33 The bone scan is extremely useful in localizing the tumor and delineating bony involvementfl '35 This case of myxoliposarcoma demonstrated that despite the massive size of the tumor, the bony structures were not involved; thus, the presurgical planning of the operative procedure was to remove the tumor and spare the knee joint. Bone scans can also be used for follow-up detection of postoperative recurrence) 6
The university and future information systems for industrial hygiene and occupational health.

Abstract Information centers may be project-oriented, such as the Public Health Service's Air Pollution Technical Information Center, or they may be devoted to general coverage, as is true for Chemical Abstracts and Biological Abstracts. Information networks of many centers have also been formed, and this type of facility will be more prevalent in the future. In an environmental health information network, an analysis center will dispense data drawn from the network's specialized information centers and interpreted by specialists. Input will consist of original source information and preprocessed data such as output of abstract services, and all will be screened by specialists before going into the system. Output of the network will consist of a variety of services of value to industrial hygienists and toxicologists. Close cooperation between the network, industry, and professional societies will be required.
Ethics in the Humanities: Findings from Focus Groups

This project examined the ethical issues faced by academics and professionals in the Humanities. We conducted focus groups to gather information about the ethical concerns in these fields and used the qualitative data arising from the discussions to create a taxonomy that represents the structure of ethical issues in the Humanities. A key implication of our findings is that while the focus of ethics research and interventions has been primarily on the sciences and engineering, academics and professionals in other fields also encounter some unique critical ethical dilemmas that require further research and methods of intervention.
Slug Testing in Multiple Coal Seams Intersected by a Single, Vertical Fracture

stimulated wells completed in commingled reservoirs, i.e., This paper examines tic transient pressure response from slug reservoirs in which the layers communicate only at the wellbore tests in wells completed in multiple, hya however, each layer is an isotropic, homogeneous, infinite, horizontal Conventional slug test type curves and analysis techniqucslta arc medium with a uniform thickness, permeability, and porosity, In based on single.layer, radiabflow models. Since coal seams arc addition, each layer is assumed to contain a slightly compressible rclativel~ thin compared to conventional natural gas reservoirs, fluid with viscosity and compressibility that are mdcpendcnt of economically . !ablc coalbed methane wells often must bc pressure, Finally, wc assume the initial pressures in all layers arc complctcd in multiple scams, In addition, the typical range of equal and single-phase flow exists at all times. Under these pcnneabilitkx observed in coal requires that wells be hydraulically conditions, the Laplace transform of the total, dimer,sionlcss fractured, especittll~ for the critical dcwatcring phase early in a pr:ssure response for the !aycrcdsystems,~is WCI1’S productive hfc. Thcrcforc, {hcse convcntiomd slug test analysis techniques arc not valid for either wtluating wells complctcd in multiple coal scams or assessing the post-fracture p’(u) = -----l-— i &j hj 1 potentialof hydraulicallyfracturedcoalbed methanewells, ,,, ,,, ,,, ,, .,,,. ,!!,!.,,,,,,,,,. .,. !(1) j., Ill P~j(”) Kawtki, et al,s examined the pressure behtwiorduring slug tests in WCIISintersecting infinite-conductivity, vertical frncxres, where u is tt Laphtcc spi~ccvariable, n is the numbs’ of layers, Similarly, Rushing, et td! investigated slug tcstin in wcus with andj is the layer index, ! finite.conductivity, vertical fractures, Both stu ies, however, were limited to single-layercases. Karsaki, et al,s dso studied the The dimensionless pressure, ~’j(u), in thejlh layer is computed shq test pressure response in unstimuhttedIaycredreservoirs, but with Cinco-Lcy,et aL’s7 model which considers a WC1l intcrscmd their study only consldcrcdhornogwteous,two-layer forrrmtions, by a fully-penetrating, tinitc.conductivity, vertical fracture, l’hc fracture is rnodcledas a homo ~eneous,uniform slab, Becausethe The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transicm pressure fructurc width is assumed to‘be much smaller than the fracxurc bchiwior during slug tests in wells completed in multiple, length and height, the model assuxs flow in the fracture is linear hydraulically fractured COJIscams, Wc dcvclopcd a model for and fluid influx at the fracture ti s is negligible, In addition, the model assumesfluid production 10 m the reservoir to the wellbore =-s and illustratio).sat cad of pa= occurs only through the fracture, Further, since the fracture
Notes on the operation of power-driven conveyance for snow: Motor-Toboggan

A motor-toboggan was purchased jointly by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, and Boise River Board of Control in January 1942 for travel into the mountains of the Boise River Watershed of Idaho to make snow-surveys. The cost of this toboggan, delivered at Boise, Idaho, was $657.54.
Motor Control in Children and Adults During a Non-Speech Oral Task

Although decreased accuracy and increased variability of movement is a common developmental finding, the nature of these performance patterns remains poorly understood. The present study examined t...
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum bacteremia secondary to central intravenous line-related infection.

Chryseobacterium (formerly Flavobacterium) meningosepticum is one of those pesky “water bugs” that occasionally turns up as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks. In this clinical case study, Yannelli and colleagues describe their investigation of a small outbreak centered in a chronic ventilatory unit. Their evaluation delineates the multitude of possible sources for this bacterium in the hospital environment and emphasizes the utility of Standard Precautions in limiting its spread. Larry J. Strausbaugh, MD Clinical Case Studies Section Editor
The effect of 3,5-diethyl hydantoin on cardiac phosphorylase activity☆

Abstract Effects of 3,5-diethyl hydantoin on cardiac phosphorylase were investigated in open-chest rat preparations. It was found that 3,5-diethyl hydantoin caused an increase in cardiac phosphorylase a, bradycardia and hypotension. The elevation in enzyme activity was blocked by propranolol or sotalol, but not the decrease in heart rate or blood pressure.
Mechanical behavior of highly cross-linked polymer networks and its links to microscopic structure

Highly cross-linked polymer (HCP) networks are becoming increasingly important as high-performance adhesives and multifunctional composite materials. Because of their cross-linked molecular architectures, HCPs can be strong but brittle. One key goal in improving the performance of an HCP is to increase toughness without sacrificing strength. Using large scale molecular-dynamics simulation, we compare and characterize the mechanical behavior of two model HCPs under tensile deformation. In the first case, bond angles among any three connected monomers are unconstrained and in the second case we impose harmonic tetrahedral bond angle constraints. We perform a detailed microstructural analysis that establishes a unique correlation between macroscopic mechanical behavior and the microscopic structure of an HCP. While, in the unconstrained system, strain-hardening behavior is observed that is attributed to the formation of microvoids, the void growth is completely arrested in the constrained system and no strain hardening is observed. Moreover, after the initial strain-hardening phase, the unconstrained system displays the same stress-strain behavior as that of a constrained network. Strain hardening makes the unconstrained system ductile while it retains the same tensile strength as the constrained system. We suggest that bond angle flexibility of cross-linkers might be a possible means to control ductility in an HCP network at a constant cross-linker density. We have also studied the effect of temperature, strain rate, and intermonomer nonbonded interaction strength on the stress-strain behavior. Interestingly at a strong intermonomer nonbonded interaction strength, no strain hardening is observed even in the unconstrained system and fracture sets in at around 1% strain, similar to what is observed in an experimental system such as epoxy and vinyl-ester based thermosets. This indicates that strong nonbonded interactions play a key role in making an HCP strong but brittle.
Pathology of brain stem astrocytomas.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication in brain stem astrocytomas have been hindered by the occurrence in the same site of two distinct pathological entities - fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytomas. The small size of the specimens from this region adds an additional confounding factor in tumor classification. Nevertheless, histological assignment to either of these two prognostically different categories is often possible, especially if the importance of this distinction is recognized. In the face of a nonspecific histological diagnosis, e.g. 'low-grade astrocytoma', certain radiographic and clinical features may, in combination with the pathological findings, be useful in tumor subclassification.
Injury control: a primer for physicians

Injuries are a disease process that costs billions of dollars every year in direct and indirect costs. Despite recent emphasis on prehospital systems and trauma care, prevention of injuries remains an area underutilized by physicians. As a disease process, injuries are amenable to evaluation with epidemiologic tools and subject to prevention by modifying the transmission of energy to human beings. This may occur by either active or passive means of intervention. Physician leadership in the prevention of injuries is important, yet few physicians have training in injury control. The concepts of injury control are presented by defining the components that create injury and by examining the factors that affect each component. Strategies for identifying countermeasures are described and the merits of each of the applications of countermeasures are discussed. The physician must understand these basic concepts of injury control to an effective leader in developing strategies that mitigate injury in the community.
The relationship of computed tomography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of abdominal disease.

A detailed comparison of computed tomography and ultrasonography of the abdomen is presented from a theoretical point of view. The advantages and limitations of both modalities are discussed in terms of scan content, resolution, plane of interrogation, dynamic imaging, examination time, imaging problems, automation, contrast administration, puncture guidance, examination availability, hazards, personnel and space requirements, and cost. Analysis of these factors leads the authors to conclude that ultrasound should be the procedure of choice for sectional imaging of the abdomen. Computed tomography should be reserved for those situations in which the ultrasound examination is not diagnostic (i.e., skeletal system, lungs, mediastinum).
Optically Driven Ultrawideband Phased Array With an Optical Interleaving Feed Network

A novel optically driven ultrawideband phased array is presented. In the array, two coherent optical signals mixing at photodiodes produce RF signals that are tunable over an ultra-wide bandwidth. An optical interleaving feed network is used to drive the array, which is capable of mitigating phase drift due to acoustic vibration and maintaining phase fidelity. In addition, excess noises in the system are analyzed and found to be responsible for spurious beams. The excess noise can be suppressed by optimizing polarization states of optical signals in polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers. Accordingly, the sensitivity can be significantly increased. In the end, the concept is proven by demonstrating experimental results from a 1 × 2 array consisting of two wideband Vivaldi antennas.
Application of a Relational Model to Understanding Body Image in College Women and Men

Relational cultural theory was examined in relation to body image in two samples of college women (n = 102) and men (n = 78) from a Midwestern university. Participants completed measures of mutuality and body image satisfaction. Results revealed that low mutuality with mothers and fathers predicted body dissatisfaction in both men and women, and low mutuality with romantic partners predicted body dissatisfaction in women. For women, when the shared variance between mothers and fathers was removed, mutuality with fathers was associated with body satisfaction as well as several indexes of body image, including evaluation of overall appearance, level of fitness, and overall health. For men, mutuality with mothers, fathers, and friends was associated with several body image scales. Additional findings and implications for working with college students are discussed.
Factitious desquamative gingivitis simulating a possible immunologic disease

A case of a unique factitious disorder resulted from self-inducement of oral lacerations, erosions, and abrasions. Previous medical investigations included evaluations by two general dentists, one oral surgeon, two periodontists, one internist, one otolaryngologist, and one infectious-disease physician. The patient had two gingival biopsies and one hospitalization. The lesions were unresponsive to several therapeutic regimens including temporary discontinuation of tooth brushing, antibiotics, and gingival dressings. The differential diagnosis included infectious, nutritional, immunologic, and factitious disorders. An apparent initial response to corticosteroids suggested the possibility of an immunologic inflammatory disease; however, no organic cause could be found. The enigma was resolved by discussion with the patient who reported that the lesions were self-induced and the manner in which this was done.
FORGING THE IRON CAGE: INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS AND THE PRODUCTION OF MACRO‐CULTURE

This article examines how organizations participate in shaping the cultural environments of the nations that they inhabit. Cultural environments, we argue, emerge in a primarily unintended fashion as a consequence of routine, network interactions among organizations in four overlapping yet analytically distinct sectors: government, the mass media, educational institutions, and the business community. Differences in the structure of these national networks condition dynamic patterns of change in nations’cultural environments. In highly centric national networks, government will tend to dominate the production of cultural environments. In less centric networks, other institutional sectors play more commanding roles.
Synergistic Effects in Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Growth

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied in recent years for potential applications spanning from electronics to nanocomposites. Current synthesis approaches rely on transition metal catalysts to provide structural control, which has led to considerable efforts to understand and improve catalytic activity. While the most commonly used catalysts for CNT growth are Ni and Fe, experiments with metal alloys such as NiFe, NiCo, CoMo, and FeMo have been empirically observed to produce higher growth rates and lower growth temperatures. Recent molecular simulation results suggest that the unique catalytic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles may be a result of the role different metals play during critical steps in CNT growth. Therefore, dimensional and compositional tuning of catalyst nanoparticles is critical to precise control of CNT growth. The majority of efforts to study catalytic efficacy have been hampered by large variations in particle size and composition. Catalyst nanoparticles are often prepared in solution-phase routes where stabilizing molecules or oxidation on the particle surface are a source of contamination during CNT growth. Here, we report on a clean, gas-phase approach to synthesize tunable compositions of bimetallic nanoparticles at constant particle size. A continuous-flow, atmospheric pressure microplasma reactor is used to decompose organometallic precursors and prepare narrow dispersions of bimetallic nanoparticles in a single step. CNT growth is achieved by mixing the particle-laden flow exiting the microplasma reactor with acetylene and hydrogen gas and heating in a tubular flow furnace. To relate the catalytic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles to CNT growth, the flow system is integrated with aerosol instrumentation to ‘‘watch’’ CNT nucleation and growth. Kinetic studies are performed to obtain activation energies as a function of particle composition. We demonstrate that nanotubes can be grown at temperatures as low as 300 8C using Ni0.67Fe0.33 catalysts, which is significantly lower than temperatures normally required for thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth. Metal nanoparticles of varying chemical composition were synthesized at atmospheric pressure using a continuous-flow
Cortisol Excretion Levels and Daytime Sleep in One-Year-Old Infants

Urine was collected from 20 oneyear-old infants from the time of awakening in the morning for 8 consecutive h. Free cortisol was measured by competitive protein-binding analysis in each urine sample. The mean cortisol excretion rate for the entire collection period was .228 ± .019 βg/h/kg. The mean excretion rate of sleeprelated cortisol (1.86 ± .28 βg/h) was significantly different from the mean rate for awake periods (2.61 ± .28 βg/h). The difference could not be attributed to time of day. The results suggest a direct relationship between cortisol production and daytime sleep-wake states in the one-year-old.