cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crack detection in a wheel end spindle using wave propagation via modal impacts and piezo actuation

This research demonstrates two methodologies for detecting cracks in a metal spindle housed deep within a vehicle wheel end assembly. First, modal impacts are imposed on the hub of the wheel in the longitudinal direction to produce broadband elastic wave excitation spectra out to 7000 Hz. The response data on the flange is collected using 3000 Hz bandwidth accelerometers. It is shown using frequency response analysis that the crack produces a filter, which amplifies the elastic response of the surrounding components of the wheel assembly. Experiments on wheel assemblies mounted on the vehicle with the vehicle lifted off the ground are performed to demonstrate that the modal impact method can be used to nondestructively evaluate cracks of varying depths despite sources of variability such as the half shaft angular position relative to the non-rotating spindle. Second, an automatic piezo-stack actuator is utilized to excite the wheel hub with a swept sine signal extending from 20 kHz. Accelerometers are then utilized to measure the response on the flange. It is demonstrated using frequency response analysis that the crack filters waves traveling from the hub to the flange. A simple finite element model is used to interpret the experimental results. Challenges discussed include variability from assembly to assembly, the variability in each assembly, and the high amount of damping present in each assembly due to the transmission gearing, lubricant, and other components in the wheel end. A two-channel measurement system with a graphical user interface for detecting cracks was also developed and a procedure was created to ensure that operators properly perform the test.
Extragenital mixed heterologous tumor of müllerian type arising in the cecal peritoneum: Report of a case

A mixed heterologous tumor of mullerian type arising in the cecal serosa of an elderly woman is reported. There was no history of endometriosis, and no evidence of the latter was found in the surgical specimen or at autopsy. Evidence of mesothelial origin was found microscopically in the adjacent cecal peritoneum. A review of medical literature on mixed heterologous tumors of mullerian type reveals that heretofore they have originated only in the genital system.
Aerial rendezvous of small unmanned aircraft using a passive towed cable system

A method for aerial rendezvous of small unmanned aircraft systems is proposed. The system includes placing a passively towed drogue into an orbit that is suitable for a small unmanned aircraft systems to follow, and a seeker guidance method for use with a monocular camera mounted on the centerline of the unmanned aircraft systems. The principle contributions of the work include a method for controlling the drogue path in moderate winds by manipulating the mothership orbit and airspeed, and a vision-based nonlinear pursuit tracking method that uses pitch rate and roll commands to guide the unmanned aircraft systems to an aerial rendezvous with the drogue. Simulation and flight-test results are presented to demonstrate the suitability of these methods.
Nanocrystalline and Thin Film Germanium Electrodes with High Lithium Capacity and High Rate Capabilities

Germanium nanocrystals (12 nm mean diam) and amorphous thin films (60-250 nm thick) were prepared as anodes for lithium secondary cells. Amorphous thin film electrodes prepared on planar nickel substrates showed stable capacities of 1700 mAh/g over 60 cycles. Germanium nanocrystals showed reversible gravimetric capacities of up to 1400 mAh/g with 60% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Both electrodes were found to be crystalline in the fully lithiated state. The enhanced capacity, rate capability (1000C), and cycle life of nanophase germanium over bulk crystalline germanium is attributed to the high surface area and short diffusion lengths of the active material and the absence of defects in nanophase materials.
Realism, Scepticism and the Lament for an Archimedean Point: Stroud and the Quest for Reality

The central argument of The Quest for Reality is that of Ch. 7, to show that an anti-realist rejection of colours could never be asserted without a kind of self-refutation; that view is consequently 'no threat' (203) to everyday colour beliefs. There are people these arguments have not convinced;1 but my present interest lies in a turn which occurs later in the book (in Ch. 9), where Stroud insists it remains in some sense a 'possibility' (204) that our everyday colour beliefs might still be false: there might 'really' be no colours. Stroud emerges therefore in a middle ground between what we might call dogmatic anti-realism and dogmatic realism. His position might even be called a form of reluctant scepticism though on the ancient model more than the modern, recommending that we 'live by appearances' and abandon dogma: we know in any ordinary way ('by observing the world around us', 205) that grass is green and tomatoes red, but 'the metaphysical question about the reality of colour' remains unsettled indeed, it seems, permanently beyond us. The 'scepticism' about colour here, I think, bears comparison with the limited scepticism about material objects in Stroud's earlier book The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism? However, I shall argue that even in the case of material objects, such scepticism seems compulsory only because another option is simply passed over; and in the case of colour, the scepticism is one degree less coherent than in the case of material objects. We are hoping, Stroud believes, for an answer to the question:
ATRIP Binding to Replication Protein A-Single-stranded DNA Promotes ATR–ATRIP Localization but Is Dispensable for Chk1 Phosphorylation

ATR associates with the regulatory protein ATRIP that has been proposed to localize ATR to sites of DNA damage through an interaction with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) coated with replication protein A (RPA). We tested this hypothesis and found that ATRIP is required for ATR accumulation at intranuclear foci induced by DNA damage. A domain at the N terminus of ATRIP is necessary and sufficient for interaction with RPA–ssDNA. Deletion of the ssDNA–RPA interaction domain of ATRIP greatly diminished accumulation of ATRIP into foci. However, the ATRIP–RPA–ssDNA interaction is not sufficient for ATRIP recognition of DNA damage. A splice variant of ATRIP that cannot bind to ATR revealed that ATR association is also essential for proper ATRIP localization. Furthermore, the ATRIP–RPA–ssDNA interaction is not absolutely essential for ATR activation because ATR phosphorylates Chk1 in cells expressing only a mutant of ATRIP that does not bind to RPA–ssDNA. These data suggest that binding to RPA–ssDNA is not the essential function of ATRIP in ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling and ATR has an important function in properly localizing the ATR–ATRIP complex.
A dependable online testing and upgrade architecture for real-time embedded systems

When real-time embedded system software needs to be upgraded, it will be more dependable if the new software is sufficiently tested on the actual deployment platform. The challenge is to provide a safeguard for protecting the normal operations from faulty upgrades. However, the safeguard must be not only efficient but also able to be added and taken away as needed without shutting down the normal operations. We have developed an architecture based on simplex architecture and process resurrection and have applied it to the inverted pendulum control system. The measurements show that the overhead is small and justifiable.
Methodology for Small-Signal Model Extraction of AlGaN HEMTs

Both large- and small-periphery AlGaN high- electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) will find applications in microwave systems from 2 to 40 GHz because of their superior power handling capability. A self-consistent approach is presented for the linear model's parameter extraction from measured S-parameters. The model for parasitics is selected to reflect loading from both the probe pads and the interconnect regions, including the air bridges. The objective is to accurately extract intrinsic model parameters as the device periphery is increased from 50 mum to 1 mm and to isolate the effects of device layouts, including air bridging the source regions. To accurately extract the shunt and series parasitics, the device must be represented in its ON- and OFF-states determined by the gate and drain bias. The intrinsic device capacitances are not negligible in the forward and beyond-pinchoff reverse bias states at zero drain bias and must be accounted for. With these corrections to the measured S-parameters, consistent results for the intrinsic device parameters are obtained with both small- and large-periphery AlGaN HEMTs.
When Callings Are Calling: Crafting Work and Leisure in Pursuit of Unanswered Occupational Callings

Scholars have identified benefits of viewing work as a calling, but little research has explored the notion that people are frequently unable to work in occupations that answer their callings. To develop propositions on how individuals experience and pursue unanswered callings, we conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 31 employees across a variety of occupations. We distinguish between two types of unanswered callings---missed callings and additional callings---and propose that individuals pursue these unanswered callings by employing five different techniques to craft their jobs (task emphasizing, job expanding, and role reframing) and their leisure time (vicarious experiencing and hobby participating). We also propose that individuals experience these techniques as facilitating the kinds of pleasant psychological states of enjoyment and meaning that they associate with pursuing their unanswered callings, but also as leading to unpleasant states of regret over forgone fulfillment of their unanswered callings and stress due to difficulties in pursuing their unanswered callings. These propositions have important implications for theory and future research on callings, job crafting, and self-regulation processes.
Chemoradiation therapy for anal cancer: radiation plus continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil with or without cisplatin

Chemoradiation therapy for anal cancer was carried out in 58 patients using low-dose, continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with or without continuous infusion of cisplatin (cDDP) and external beam irradiation (chemoXRT). Thirty-nine patients received 5-FU chemoXRT resulting in a local control rate of 50% in those receiving a total dose of 60 Gy. The actuarial local control rate at 2 years was 77% after chemoXRT alone; overall local control was 67% at 5 years. In 18 patients receiving 5-FU plus cisplatin with radiation doses of 54-55 Gy, actuarial local control was 85% at 2 years. Fifteen patients failed chemoXRT, 13 of whom had abdominoperineal resection for salvage; the overall local control rate was 93% (54/58). The actuarial survival at 5 years was 81% for the 5-FU chemoXRT group and 94% at 2 years for the 5-FU plus cisplatin chemoXRT group; median follow-up was 54 and 20 months, respectively. Diarrhea and nausea were the most frequent early reactions and were ameliorated by limiting the duration of chemotherapy to 5 days/week and by using XRT techniques to exclude the small bowel from the radiation portal. Serious late radiation complications have not been observed and may be related to XRT fractionation and the use of protracted chemotherapy infusion. The absence of late morbidity coupled with the high local control rate by the use of this chemoXRT program is an area to investigate for improving the therapeutic ratio for the treatment of anal cancers.
Structural Characterization of Contaminants in Commercial Preparations of Melatonin by on-Line Hplc-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Three different commercially available melatonin preparations were analyzed by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. All three samples contained the same impurities at the ∼0.1-0.5% level of parent melatonin. Based on accurate mass-HPLC-MS and tandem mass spectrometric analyses, two contaminants (both MH+ = 249) were identified as hydroxylation products of melatonin. One compound (MH+ = 265) was determined to be a C-2 oxidation product of hydroxymelatonin and a group of four regioiso-mers (MH+ = 477) were identified as melatonin-formaldehyde condensation products. These latter contaminants are structural analogues of the case-associated peak “E” found in L-tryptophan implicated in onset of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Fast-Accurate and Slow-Inaccurate Conceptual Tempos: Are They Distinct Groups?:

Fast-accurate and slow-inaccurate conceptual tempos were examined for evidence of their relationships to the more common categories of conceptual tempo, impulsive and reflective, on measures of int...
Avoiding detection in a dynamic environment

Remaining elusive while navigating to a goal in a dynamic environment containing an observer requires taking advantage of opportunistic cover as it occurs. A reactive navigation approach is needed that recognizes the utility of environment features in offering protective cover. We present an approach that allows stealthy traverses in unknown environments containing dynamic objects. It is a frontier-based method that allows a robot to follow in the obscuring shadow of objects despite their dynamics, and take advantage of more opportunistic cover if it becomes available. An analysis of our approach in off-line modeling and experiments conducted in simulation and outdoor environments demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving high quality solutions for stealthy navigation.
ITS sequence data support a single origin for North American Astereae (Asteraceae) and reflect deep geographic divisions in Aster s.l.

The Astereae is the largest tribe of Asteraceae in North America. Morphological diversity suggests that the North American assemblage is polyphyletic as 12 endemic genera, as well as lineages of the genus Erigeron and Conyza (Conyzinae), have been hypothesized to represent at least five separate invasions of North America from Africa, Australia, Eurasia, and South America. This hypothesis was tested with a phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Sequences for 62 taxa represent seven outgroup taxa and all major Northern and Southern Hemisphere groups of Astereae, including broad taxonomic and geographic sampling of Conyzinae and Aster s.l. (sensu lato). Parsimony analyses indicate that all North American Astereae are members of a strongly supported clade, and that a diverse group of predominantly woody taxa from Africa, Australia, and South America, are basal Astereae. Furthermore, Aster s.l. is deeply polyphyletic as Eurasian taxa, including Aster s.s. (sensu stricto), appear more closely related to Southern Hemisphere taxa than to North American Aster segregates. There is only low to moderate agreement between proposed higher level Astereae relationships based on ITS and those based either on morphology or chloroplast restriction site data.
Spinal 5-HT7 receptors induce phrenic motor facilitation via EPAC-mTORC1 signaling

Spinal serotonin type 7 (5-HT7) receptors elicit complex effects on motor activity. Whereas 5-HT7 receptor activation gives rise to long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation (pMF), it also constrains...
Force relaxes before the fall of cytosolic calcium in the photomechanical response of rat sphincter pupillae

In the rat sphincter pupillae, as in other smooth muscles, the primary signal transduction cascade for agonist activation is receptor → G protein → phospholipase C → inositol trisphosphate → intrac...
Restrictor plugging in off-line supercritical fluid extraction of environmental samples: Microscopic, chemical, and spectroscopic evaluations

Abstract Irreversible restrictor plugging is often a problem in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with linear restrictors. Restrictor plugging occurs when high temperature (200°C) off-line SFE is performed on either the marine sediment (SRM 1941) or the urban dust (SRM 1649) standard reference material (SRM). Microscopic evaluation of the linear restrictors (50 μm i.d.×40 cm long fused silica capillary) showed that a solid mass approximately 1 cm to 3 cm from the tip of the restrictor caused the plugging in the case of SRM 1941. Three distinct zones of analyte deposition were observed in the restrictor used during SFE of SRM 1649 — a thin, diffuse, granular film (3 cm to 13 cm from tip), a thick, wavy film (13 cm to 17 cm from tip), and plugs of highly viscous liquid (17 cm to 28 cm from tip). Raman microscopy and X-ray microanalysis confirmed that inorganic sulfur was the major component of the material plugging the restrictor when SRM 1941 was extracted. X-ray microanalysis and direct insertion probe mass spectrometry confirmed that dichlorophen, phthalate esters, hydrocarbon fragments, and other compounds were contained in the material plugging the restrictor when SRM 1649 was extracted. In both cases the plugging did not occur at the tip of the restrictor. Both isenthalpic and isentropic explanations for plugging in SRM 1649 and 1941 are invalid because the zones of plugging are significantly removed from the tip of the restrictor and decompression occurred over a large region of the restrictor. The analytes appeared to have condensed in the linear restrictor either immediately after exiting the oven (SRM 1649) or further down the restrictor (SRM 1941).
Evaluation of Indian Fertilizer Projects: An Application of Consumer's and Producer's Surplus

The concept of consumer's and producer's surplus, though much criticized, provides a better idea about the welfare aspects of planning than other goals which have been proposed, especially in selection of projects under development planning. If we assume the measurability of utility and the similarity of individuals with respect to the marginal utility of money, the effects of a shift parameter on consumers' and producers' gains can be estimated by means of shifts in the relevant demand and supply functions. Comparison of the gains with the cost of the shift parameter (a project) provides a good guide for economic policy. Though Oriental culture is different from Western culture, granting the rationality of an individual in his own traditions does not seriously damage the applicability of the theory to an Oriental country. An attempt is made to estimate the effects of the use of ferilizer on surpluses in Indian agriculture.
Erratum to: Determination of the Fe-Cr-Mo Phase Diagram at Intermediate Temperatures using Dual-Anneal Diffusion Multiples

A recently developed dual-anneal diffusion-multiple approach is employed to the determination of the Fe-Cr-Mo phase diagram at intermediate temperatures. Diffusion multiples of Fe-Cr-Ni-Co-Mo were first annealed at 1200 °C for 500 h to create wide ranges of solid solution compositions. Subsequent annealing of the diffusion multiples at individual intermediate temperatures induced various precipitate phases. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) across the interface between large precipitates and the matrix phase provided local equilibrium information for the establishment of equilibrium tie-lines which are utilized to construct the Fe-rich part of the Fe-Cr-Mo isothermal sections at 900 and 800 °C. The Mo-rich part of the isothermal sections at intermediate temperatures was not obtained due to the sluggish kinetics of precipitation and growth, resulting in too small precipitates for reliable EPMA composition evaluation. A complete 1200 °C isothermal section of the Fe-Cr-Mo system is also established from EPMA data on a water quenched diffusion multiple that was annealed at 1200 °C for 500 h only without a second anneal.
Comparison of Po 210 Alpha-Particle Energy with the Li 7 ( p , n ) Be 7 Reaction Threshold Energy

Recent absolute measurements of the ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ alpha-particle energy disagree with the older value used as the standard for many nuclear reaction energy measurements. A new comparison with the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p, n){\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ reaction threshold energy was made using the Notre Dame electrostatic accelerator and broad-range broad-range spectrograph. Four separate methods of comparison were used. In the first three the threshold was run and then protons or deuterons were scattered from appropriate targets so that the scattered group was recorded on the spectrograph plate near the alpha group from a source placed at the target position. First, the spectrograph and, second, the beam analyzer were used to compare particle momenta. Third, with both fields held constant after the threshold was run with the molecular beam, deuterons were scattered, giving particles of the same ${B}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ as the alphas. In the fourth method several reaction energies that are precisely known in terms of the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p, n){\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ reaction threshold energy were measured in terms of the ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ alpha-particle energy. These were the ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}(d, {d}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{Mg}}^{24*}$ reaction to the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ and the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(d, p){\mathrm{N}}^{15}$ reaction leading to three excited states of ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$. The four measurements agree and give 5.3086\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 Mev for ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ alpha-particle energy based on 1.8811 Mev for the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p, n){\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ reaction threshold energy.
Changes in Population Size, Dispersal Behavior, and Reproduction of Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Associated with Changes in Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Abundance

In 1983 and 1984 I studied the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), predator, Calosoma sycophanta L., in a collapsing gypsy moth infestation. Beetles caught in tree-trunk barrier traps were marked and released to assess the directions and distances they dispersed and their population sizes. In both years, about 700 to 1,000 adult beetles of each sex were in the 4-ha site; females were slightly less abundant than males. In 1983, gypsy moths were abundant, male and female beetles were active, and many beetle progeny were produced. Male beetles were more mobile than females and were trapped more often. In 1984 few gypsy moths were present and although the beetle population was substantial, very few progeny were seen and adults dispersed little. Thus, beetle behavior differs substantially at different prey abundances. By examining gypsy moth pupal remains, I found that the progeny of 1983 beetles destroyed three-fourths of the gypsy moth pupae located on tree trunks. C. sycophanta may, thus, have a substantial impact on gypsy moths.
Embryology of Phaenicia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Part IV. the Inner Layer and Mesenteron Rudiments

The author has previously described the embryonic development of Phaenicia sericata (Meigen) from the process of fertilization to the formation of the gastrular or mesodermal tube. The main purpose of this paper is to present the phases of development involved in the formation and extension of the inner layer and mesenteron rudiments up to the formation of the amnion.
Clinical translation of genomics

At Baylor College of Medicine we created a CLIA/CAP certified clinical sequencing laboratory (Whole Genome Laboratory; WGL) where we have as of November 2014 analysed more than 4,500 cases of childhood disease by whole exome sequencing. This cohort reveals multiple instances of rare events including uni parental disomy, phenotypes confounded by mutations at multiple loci and the role of CNVs. The rate of ‘solving' cases is a consistent 25%. 1,2 Cases that are initially unsolved are re-consented for research studies to enable discovery of new loci associated with disease. This successful example of clinical translation contrasts with the challenges and difficulty of similar efforts in cancer diagnostics and adult medicine.
The Effect of Hydrogen Incorporation on the Performance of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by Microwave ECR Plasma CVD

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) TFT's with the active layers deposited by microwave ECR-CVD were fabricated and characterized using hydrogen dilution as a variable during the Si film deposition. The bottom-gated TFT's were fabricated on SiO2, glass and polyimide substrates at a temperature of 200–400°C with the introduction of 4–12 mTorr H2. The correlation between the H2 dilution and the TFT characteristics was studied and the experimental results were correlated with some theoretical considerations. The TFT on a glass substrate deposited at 400°C with 10 mTorr H2 showed a field effect mobility of 13.3 cm2/V-s and an ON/OFF current ratio of 4.9×106 with the OFF-state leakage current of 3.7×10−11 A. We found that, for the same Si film deposition conditions, the TFT's fabricated on polyimide foil have comparable characteristics to the TFT's on glass substrates.
Critical Radius Phenomenon of Discharge in SF_6 Rod-plate Gap Under Impulse Voltages

Very fast transient overvoltages(VFTOs) generated during the routine operations of disconnector switch in GIS greatly threaten the insulation of power equipment such as GIS. So far, the agreement on accident cause and insulation failure mechanism of GIS has not been reached at home and abroad. Using the steep fronted impulse generator, we studied discharge characteristics of SF6 rod-plate gap under very fast transient overvoltage and lightning impulse. The study shows that short SF6 gap has a critical radius phenomenon similar to long air gap. Under the same pressure, the gap breakdown voltage decreases with the decrease of the electrode radius; but the breakdown voltage is substantially constant when electrode radius is lower than a critical value. This critical value decreases with the increase of SF6 gas pressure. Moreover, from the view of space charge, we also analyzed the main reason of critical radius phenomenon.The results show that the migration of space charge and stepped leader formation are related to the amount of injection charge.
Generalized Concentration Addition Modeling Predicts Mixture Effects of Environmental PPARγ Agonists

The vast array of potential environmental toxicant combinations necessitates the development of efficient strategies for predicting toxic effects of mixtures. Current practices emphasize the use of concentration addition to predict joint effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in coexposures. Generalized concentration addition (GCA) is one such method for predicting joint effects of coexposures to chemicals and has the advantage of allowing for mixture components to have differences in efficacy (ie, dose-response curve maxima). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that plays a central role in regulating lipid homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and bone quality and is the target of an increasing number of environmental toxicants. Here, we tested the applicability of GCA in predicting mixture effects of therapeutic (rosiglitazone and nonthiazolidinedione partial agonist) and environmental PPARγ ligands (phthalate compounds identified using EPA's ToxCast database). Transcriptional activation of human PPARγ1 by individual compounds and mixtures was assessed using a peroxisome proliferator response element-driven luciferase reporter. Using individual dose-response parameters and GCA, we generated predictions of PPARγ activation by the mixtures, and we compared these predictions with the empirical data. At high concentrations, GCA provided a better estimation of the experimental response compared with 3 alternative models: toxic equivalency factor, effect summation and independent action. These alternatives provided reasonable fits to the data at low concentrations in this system. These experiments support the implementation of GCA in mixtures analysis with endocrine disrupting compounds and establish PPARγ as an important target for further studies of chemical mixtures.
Combined therapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with estramustine and prednimustine.

AbstractWe treated 21 patients with stage D prostatic adenocarcinoma who had had unsuccessful hormonal therapy with a combination of 600 mg. per M.2per day estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) and 15 mg. per M.2per day prednimustine (Stereocyt, Leo 1031†) in daily oral doses. Estramustine is a combination of estradiol and nitrogen mustard, and alone has shown objective responses in advanced prostatic cancer. Prednimustine is an ester of chlorambucil and prednisone. The preliminary results (after 2 to 9 months of therapy) show 5 patients (24 per cent) with objective responses and 9 (44 per cent) with subjective improvement. Only 5 patients (24 per cent) did not benefit from the drug and 7 patients (33 per cent) are stable. These preliminary results indicate the possible advantage of adding an alkylating agent (prednimustine) to estramustine in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Currently, a national randomized trial by the National Prostatic Cancer Project is evaluating this therapeutic innovation.
“Bind and Crawl” Association Mechanism of Leishmania major Peroxidase and Cytochrome c Revealed by Brownian and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Leishmania major, the parasitic causative agent of leishmaniasis, produces a heme peroxidase (LmP), which catalyzes the peroxidation of mitochondrial cytochrome c (LmCytc) for protection from reactive oxygen species produced by the host. The association of LmP and LmCytc, which is known from kinetics measurements to be very fast (∼108 M–1 s–1), does not involve major conformational changes and has been suggested to be dominated by electrostatic interactions. We used Brownian dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism of formation of the LmP–LmCytc complex. Our simulations confirm the importance of electrostatic interactions involving the negatively charged D211 residue at the LmP active site, and reveal a previously unrecognized role in complex formation for negatively charged residues in helix A of LmP. The crystal structure of the D211N mutant of LmP reported herein is essentially identical to that of wild-type LmP, reinforcing the notion that it is the loss of charge at the active site, and not ...
Universal Grammar and Second Language Phonology: Full Transfer/Prevalent Access in the L2 Acquisition of Turkish "Stress" by English and French Speakers.

This article explores the role of transfer and Universal Grammar (UG) in second language (L2) phonology by investigating the L2 acquisition of stress/prominence in footless languages, such as Turki...
Optimal experimental design in the context of canonical expansions

In a wide variety of engineering applications, the mathematical model cannot be fully identified. Therefore, one would like to construct robust operators (filters, classifiers, controllers etc.) that perform optimally relative to incomplete knowledge. Improving model identification through determining unknown parameters can enhance the performance of robust operators. One would like to perform the experiment that provides the most information relative to the engineering objective. The authors present an experimental design framework for parameter estimation in signal processing when the random process model is in the form of canonical expansions. The proposed experimental design is based on the concept of the mean objective cost of uncertainty, which quantifies model uncertainty by taking into account the performance degradation of the designed operator owing to the presence of uncertainty. They provide the general framework for experimental design in the context of canonical expansions and solve it for two major signal processing problems: optimal linear filtering and signal detection.
Recovering Buddhism in Modern China

Although Chinese Buddhism was once an underexplored topic outside religious studies, it has drawn significantly more attention in recent decades. A considerable number of scholars trained in histor...
Uncle Sam and the Bad News Bears: Human Rights as Intercultural Communication

(1981). Uncle Sam and the Bad News Bears: Human Rights as Intercultural Communication. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 571-589.
Teaching Across Cultural Strengths: A Guide to Balancing Integrated and Individuated Cultural Frameworks in College Teaching

This book ably delivers what its subtitle promises, guidance in balancing integrated and individuated cultural frameworks in college teaching. The authors, both veteran scholar-practitioners, perso...
Breakout Session: How Networking on Campus Can Increase Copyright Education. Presented by Rebel Cummings-Sauls, Director of Center for the Advancement of the Digital Scholarship (CADS), Kansas State University Library and Rachel Miles, Digital Scholarship Librarian, Kansas State University Library.

As online academic interactions continue to become more complex in the digital age, interaction with online copyrighted content inevitably increases. As a result, university faculty, researchers, students, and staff have a responsibility to understand how to legally reuse content to avoid copyright infringement incidents. However, campus community members are often unaware of how copyright pertains to their online activities and the potential risks involved in their misuse. The session presented by librarians Rachel Miles and Rebel Cummings-Sauls discussed their networking and collaboration efforts on campus to extend copyright education to a wider community at Kansas State University, including outreach, education, and consultation from the Center for the Advancement of the Digital Scholarship (CADS). During the session, a hands-on practice was also provided for audiences to identify the common partners on campus and to create partner webs for their own institutions.
Effects of Aging on the Cellular Function, Healing, and Mechanical Properties of Ligaments

The extracellular matrix structure, mechanical properties, and cellular response of ligaments are all affected by the aging process. Changes in cellular function in aging ligaments include alterations in expression of growth factor and growth factor receptors, reduced cellular density during healing, and a cellular phenotype during healing that favors degradation of the extracellular matrix. Changes in the extracellular matrix structure include a reduction in mean collagen fibril diameter, increase in the concentration of collagen fibrils, an overall decrease in collagen content, a decrease in the reducible crosslink concentration, an increase in the nonreducible crosslinks, and a decrease in water content. The quasistatic structural properties of bone–ligament–bone complexes and the material properties of the ligament substance decline with aging. The viscoelasticity of ligament decreases with maturation and then remains relatively constant through initial aging. These changes in composition, organization and mechanical properties are produced by changes in cellular function that accompany aging. It seems likely that these changes in cellular phenotype are a result of cellular senescence. Future opportunities for research include identifying the most appropriate and most cost-effective animal models to study the aging of ligaments and possibly taking advantage of engineered rodent models that result in accelerated aging by inducing cellular senescence.
The political economy of labeling

Abstract Labeling arrangements are introduced to provide information and affect market outcomes. Mandatory labeling of products like genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) is subject to controversy and political debate. The exact outcome depends on the specific public decision-making process (direct vote by the public vs. voting by representatives), the political power distribution among groups, and the workings of legislative and regulatory processes. This paper presents a conceptual framework to assess the welfare implications of labeling decisions that are decided by political processes. We identify conditions under which there are gains from mandatory labeling compared to no labeling, and find that the gain from passing a mandatory labeling proposition is larger if the voluntary labeling option is not available. The conclusions suggest that when mandatory labeling is not feasible politically, promoters of labeling will introduce voluntary labeling. The paper uses the results of this conceptual framework to analyze different case studies of labeling propositions, including Proposition 37 that was voted on in California in 2012. The findings suggest that labeling decisions may evolve with new scientific knowledge, new information technologies, and changing attitudes.
Membrane applications and opportunities for water management in the oil & gas industry

Abstract Water touches most segments of the petroleum industry and thus cost-effective water management is a key part of oil & gas industry operations. The water to be managed is either co-produced with the hydrocarbons, generated as a by-product from oil/gas processing, and/or utilized to support production operations. While a majority of the water usually receives basic treatment, there are multiple recent drivers for advanced treatment that should facilitate beneficial water reuse. Hence, a toolbox of advanced technologies needs to be considered to ensure that fit for purpose treatment is deployed. Membrane processes are key components of the technology toolbox since they include some of the best available technologies. This paper provides an overview of the various case studies from ConocoPhillips global projects portfolio, which covered various operations such as gas fields, oil fields, oil sands & shale plays. In these case studies, a wide spectrum of membrane processes, including membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, ceramic membranes, forward osmosis, membrane distillation, pressure retarded osmosis, membrane contactors, and/or new innovative membrane materials were either installed at full scale capacity, evaluated via field/lab testing, or investigated through desktop studies. The information presented demonstrates that reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are widely utilized by the industry for water desalination and desulfating, respectively. In addition, membrane filtration and bioreactors are frequently applied as standalone treatments for inorganics and organics removal, respectively; or as pretreatment to desalination membranes. Novel membrane technologies and materials are also being developed by the industry for niche applications.
Returning Home: Reducing Recidivism for Juvenile Offenders With Disabilities Through Transition Planning:

Youth with disabilities are dramatically overrepresented in the juvenile justice system. These individuals have poorer outcomes compared with their nondisabled peers regarding school graduation, em...
Chromosomes and Cancer

There are two types of neoplasms, both of which are expressions of abnormal growth. Benign tumors are outgrowths that are self-limiting, that is, they grow to a certain size and then stop or regress. Most of us are acquainted with benign tumors, such as polyps or warts. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, usually show unlimited growth. They escape the rules of differentiation and grow wild. Malignant tumors also have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal tissues. Most malignant tumors are also capable of spreading to new sites by metastases.
Early Infant Risk Factors for Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

ABSTRACTObjectives:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory, atopic disease of the esophagus without a clear etiology. Our objective was to identify exposures and conditions in early infancy associated with the development of EoE.Methods:A case-control study was performed using the Military
A Novel Numerical Multiphysics Framework for the Modeling of Cu-Al Wire Bond Corrosion under HAST Conditions

Copper wire bond interconnect has been used widely as the first-level interconnect in semiconductor packaging industry over gold wire bond interconnect. It has several advantages over gold wire bond interconnect such as lower material cost, advanced electrical, mechanical and thermal properties as well as lower interdiffusion rate when bonded with aluminum pad under high temperature operational conditions. However, the use of copper wire for first level interconnects also come with some tradeoffs, such as narrow process window, higher hardness that cause cratering and poor corrosion resistance. Compared to Au wire, Cu wire is more likely to suffer galvanic corrosion when the operational environment is humid and when electric bias is involved during the aging. A few regression-based models have been purposed to address the reliability performance of Cu-Al wire bonds over the last several years. In this paper, a novel numerical multiphysics framework for modeling of Cu-Al wire bond corrosion under HAST conditions is proposed. The model is characterized by Butler-Volmer equation and Nernst Planck equation. It features corrosion front tracking, a moving meshing-based approach to keep track of the corrosion progression at the Cu-Al bond pad interfacial area. It captures the effect of IMC growth, contaminant transport during the high humidity aging process as well as the electric bias. The model has been used to predict the lifespan of Cu-Al wire bond interconnects in packages molded with different type of molding compounds under different aging conditions.
Direct and indirect genetic effects on triglycerides through omics and correlated phenotypes.

Even though there has been great success in identifying lipid-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the mechanisms through which the SNPs act on each trait are poorly understood. The emergence of large, complex biological data sets in well-characterized cohort studies offers an opportunity to investigate the genetic effects on trait variability as a way of informing the causal genes and biochemical pathways that are involved in lipoprotein metabolism. However, methods for simultaneously analyzing multiple omics, environmental exposures, and longitudinally measured, correlated phenotypes are lacking. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the utility of the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to inform our understanding of the pathways by which genetic variants lead to disease risk. With the SEM method, we examine multiple pathways directly and indirectly through previously identified triglyceride (TG)-associated SNPs, methylation, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including sex, age, and smoking behavior, while adding in biologically plausible direct and indirect pathways. We observed significant SNP effects (P < 0.05 and directionally consistent) on TGs at visit 4 (TG4) for five loci, including rs645040 (DOCK7), rs964184 (ZPR1/ZNF259), rs4765127 (ZNF664), rs1121980 (FTO), and rs10401969 (SUGP1). Across these loci, we identify three with strong evidence of an indirect genetic effect on TG4 through HDL, one with evidence of pleiotropic effect on HDL and TG4, and one variant that acts on TG4 indirectly through a nearby methylation site. Such information can be used to prioritize candidate genes in regions of interest, inform mechanisms of action of methylation effects, and highlight possible genes with pleiotropic effects.
Time Travel and the Naturalist's Notebook: Vladimir Nabokov Meets the TimeTree of Life

Combining the TimeTree of Life database with the skill set of a naturalist, transitional changes, speciation, and evolutionary concepts emerge as a process in which students create and are fully engaged in a narrative & theme-based lesson plan/lab that merges with a scientific drawing experience that shadows the life of the naturalist and author Vladimir Nabokov. The interdisciplinary story and science of Nabokov offer a glimpse into applied arts as an exploratory scientific practice that encourages creativity and evolutionary thinking.
Attenuation of Postmeal Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Individuals at Risk for Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective This study investigated the effect of red raspberry intake on meal-induced postprandial metabolic responses in individuals who have overweight or obesity with prediabetes and insulin resistance (PreDM-IR), and in metabolically healthy individuals (Reference). Methods Thirty-two adults (PreDM-IR, n = 21; Reference, n = 11) were randomized to a controlled, three-arm, single-blinded, crossover trial. Participants were provided 0 g of frozen red raspberries (Control), 125 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-125) (~1 cup), or 250 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-250) (~2 cups), with a challenge breakfast meal (high carbohydrate/moderate fat) on three separate days. Multiple blood samples were collected up to 8 hours post breakfast with a final blood sample at 24 hours. A snack was provided at 6 hours. Results Breakfast containing RR-125 and RR-250 significantly reduced 2-hour insulin area under the curve, and RR-250 reduced peak insulin, peak glucose, and 2-hour glucose AUC compared with Control in the PreDM-IR group (P 0.05). No significant meal-related differences were observed for oxidative stress or inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that red raspberries aid in postmeal glycemic control in individuals with PreDM-IR, reducing glycemic burden with less insulin, which may be related to improved tissue insulin sensitivity.
Abstract 2019A: TLR3 facilitate breast cancer metastasis to lymph node

Tumor cells can only enter the lymphatic circulation at the interface between the invasive edge of the tumor and the adjacent host stroma that contains the lymphatic circulation. The existence of this distance barrier means that it would be unlikely for tumor cells to passively enter the lymph drainage. Instead, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important mediators for active migration and chemotaxis for tumor cells entry into the lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor. Here we use a microsurgical technique to collect lymph circulating tumor cells (LCTC) prior to its entry into sentinel lymph node in rat models and determine if the TLR expression induces the migration and tumor progression. In our results, we observed high levels of TLR3 expression in LCTC when cells were treated with Poly (I:C), a synthetic ligand for TLR3 induction. NFkB activation was also observed in LCTCs, after TLR3 activation this pathway can express genes involved in cancer progression. In addition, when looking at the expression of cytokines and chemokines factors present in the lymph or secreted by the tumor cells, CXCL10 had a high expression on induced TLR3 of LCTC and its ligand CXCR3 was also expressed in the lymph. CXCL10 is involved in chemotaxis, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of cell growth. The CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling mediates paracrine interactions between tumor and stromal cells that govern leukocyte trafficking and angiogenesis. Suppression of CXCR3 or receptors signaling limits metastasis suggesting CXCR3 contributes to the metastatic process. TLR3 Knockdown prevented tumor growth and metastasis in rat. Our data suggest that for breast cancer metastasis, TLR3 might play a role in active migration of tumor cells and tumor progression. Activation of TLRs in tumor cells can dampen the anti-tumor functions of infiltrating immune cells, altering the inflammatory response and promoting cancer progression. Citation Format: Odalys J. Torres-Luquis, Sulma Mohammed. TLR3 facilitate breast cancer metastasis to lymph node [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2019A.
Novel characterization of peptidergic release from prefrontal cortical somatostatin neurons

ABSTRACT Somatostatin is a neuropeptide thought to play a role in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is important for healthy aging and behavioral resiliency. Conditions governing somatostatin peptidergic release are not well-defined. Using a combination of optogenetic, transgenic, and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate an assay for the induction and inhibition of somatostatin in acute brain slices.