cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EPR and electron-nuclear double-resonance studies of an F + center in sodium, potassium, and lithium β --alumina

EPR and electron-nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) data from F/sup +/ centers in the conduction planes of sodium, potassium and lithium ..beta..-alumina are presented. The low-temperature Ku-band ENDOR spectra from these fast ionic conductors consist of sharp resonances from distant nuclei and broad, unresolved signals from nearest-neighbor aluminum and nearby Na, K, or Li cations in the conduction plane. The Na data are consistent with x-band ENDOR results of others. The K and Li data reveal the existence of a second inequivalent F/sup +/ center in these materials. The shape and breadth of the Na ENDOR signal can be simulated assuming that: (1) both Beevers-Ross and mid-oxygen sites are occupied, (2) the F/sup +/-ligand hyperfine interaction varies with distance as 1/R/sup 3/, and (3) there exists a Gaussian distribution of hyperfine couplings which is consistent with a 0.3-A tunneling distance inferred for Na ions from dielectric susceptibility data on Na ..beta..-alumina.
Targeting Prostaglandin E2 Receptors as an Alternative Strategy to Block Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent Extracellular Matrix-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression by Macrophages

COX-2-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis regulates macrophage MMP expression, which is thought to destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. However, the administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors paradoxically increases the frequency of adverse cardiovascular events potentially through the loss of anti-inflammatory prostanoids and/or disturbance in the balance of pro- and anti-thrombotic prostanoids. To avoid these collateral effects of COX-2 inhibition, a strategy to identify and block specific prostanoid-receptor interactions may be required. We previously reported that macrophage engagement of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) triggers proteinase expression through a MAPKerk1/2-dependent increase in COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. Here we demonstrate that elicited macrophages express the PGE2 receptors EP1-4. When plated on ECM, their expression of EP2 and EP4, receptors linked to PGE2-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase, is strongly stimulated. Forskolin and dibutryl cyclic-AMP stimulate macrophage matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, an EP2 agonist (butaprost) has no effect on MMP-9 expression, and macrophages from EP2 null mice exhibited enhanced COX-2 and MMP-9 expression when plated on ECM. In contrast, the EP4 agonist (PGE1-OH) stimulated macrophage MMP-9 expression, which was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208. When compared with COX-2 silencing by small interfering RNA or inhibition by celecoxib, the EP4 antagonist was as effective in inhibiting ECM-induced proteinase expression. In addition, ECM-induced MMP-9 expression was blocked in macrophages in which EP4 was silenced by small interfering RNA. Thus, COX-2-dependent ECM-induced proteinase expression is effectively blocked by selective inhibition of EP4, a member of the PGE2 family of receptors.
Veiling Unveiled: Female Embodiment and Action in Assia Djebar's Les Enfants Du Nouveau Monde and Les Alouettes Naïves

“The veiling and unveiling of the body highlights the body as machinery, and indeed as a technology of both war and the everyday.” —Ranjana Khanna A compelling trope that emerges in literary and hi...
Vexing vascular tumours

Vascular tumours are a significant source of diagnostic difficulty that often vex surgical pathologists. This course will cover a range of vascular tumours that can have deceptive histologic features, including benign vascular tumours that can be mistaken for malignancy and deceptive vascular tumours that do not appear to be vascular tumours at all. This course will emphasise histologic features and a practical approach to the differential diagnoses.
STUDIES ON DECAPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE INDIAN RIVER REGION OF FLORIDA. XXV. CARAPACIAL AND ABDOMINAL ALLOMETRY IN FIVE SPECIES OF SUBTROPICAL PARTHENOPID CRABS (BRACHYURA, PARTHENOPIDAE)

[La croissance relative de caracteres cephalothoraciques et abdominaux choisis a ete examinee chez cinq especes de crabes parthenopides recueillis sur le plateau continental, a l'est et a l'ouest de la Floride. En general la largeur de la carapace presentait une allometrie positive par rapport a sa longueur dans des series de mâles, de femelles, de femelles ovigeres et de juveniles, ranges par taille, avec une expansion de la carapace plus prononcee chez les femelles, ovigeres ou non. En vue d'essayer de determiner la taille a la mue de puberte, les rapports bivaries de la longueur du gonopode mâle ou de la largeur du cinquieme somite abdominal des femelles a la largeur de la carapace ont ete calcules et schematises sous la forme de regressions log-log. La divergence dans les lignes de regression a permis l'extrapolation d'une phase de mue puberale, laquelle chez la plupart des especes se produit entre des limites restreintes, de 3 mm environ., La croissance relative de caracteres cephalothoraciques et abdominaux choisis a ete examinee chez cinq especes de crabes parthenopides recueillis sur le plateau continental, a l'est et a l'ouest de la Floride. En general la largeur de la carapace presentait une allometrie positive par rapport a sa longueur dans des series de mâles, de femelles, de femelles ovigeres et de juveniles, ranges par taille, avec une expansion de la carapace plus prononcee chez les femelles, ovigeres ou non. En vue d'essayer de determiner la taille a la mue de puberte, les rapports bivaries de la longueur du gonopode mâle ou de la largeur du cinquieme somite abdominal des femelles a la largeur de la carapace ont ete calcules et schematises sous la forme de regressions log-log. La divergence dans les lignes de regression a permis l'extrapolation d'une phase de mue puberale, laquelle chez la plupart des especes se produit entre des limites restreintes, de 3 mm environ.]
Tunable fiber Bragg grating ring lasers using macro fiber composite actuators

The research reported herein includes the fabrication of a tunable optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fiber ring laser (FRL)1 from commercially available components as a high-speed alternative tunable laser source for NASA Langley s optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR) interrogator, which reads low reflectivity FBG sensors. A Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator invented at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) was selected to tune the laser. MFC actuators use a piezoelectric sheet cut into uniaxially aligned rectangular piezo-fibers surrounded by a polymer matrix and incorporate interdigitated electrodes to deliver electric fields along the length of the piezo-fibers. This configuration enables MFC actuators to produce displacements larger than the original uncut piezoelectric sheet. The FBG filter was sandwiched between two MFC actuators, and when strained, produced approximately 3.62 nm of wavelength shift in the FRL when biasing the MFC actuators from 500 V to 2000 V. This tunability range is comparable to that of other tunable lasers and is adequate for interrogating FBG sensors using OFDR technology. Three different FRL configurations were studied. Configuration A examined the importance of erbium-doped fiber length and output coupling. Configuration B demonstrated the importance of the FBG filter. Configuration C added an output coupler to increase the output power and to isolate the filter. Only configuration C was tuned because it offered the best optical power output of the three configurations. Use of Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) FBG s holds promise for enhanced tunability in future research.
Efficient wireless location detection system

Over the past few years, several wireless location detection algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, an effective solution for CDMA-based wireless communication system is yet to be found. In this paper, a position location estimation technique for CDMA wireless communications system is proposed. The proposed technique utilizes the Chan-Ho method for solving the hyperbolic model, which provides faster solution to the hyperbolic model and does not suffer from the convergence problem. The performance of the proposed position location technique has been tested by considering different system parameters, such as channel noise and variable position of the user. Test results show that the proposed position location technique can successfully determine the position of a wireless user under various challenging scenarios.
Syntheses of porphyrin and chlorin dimers for photodynamic therapy

Efficient methods for the syntheses of porphyrin and chlorin dimers joined with variable length carbon units, either at meso positions or at (beta) -pyrrolic positions, are described. The in vivo testing results for some of the dimers are also discussed. The main objective of this work is to understand the structure/activity relationships among carbon-carbon linked dimers of porphyrins and chlorins. It is anticipated that this study will assist the authors in designing photosensitizers with required chemical and photochemical properties.
Formation and regeneration of protoplasts derived from a temperature-sensitiveosmotic strain ofNeurospora crassa

Abstract Protoplasts were formed from a temperature-sensitiveosmotic-1 (os-1) variant ofNeurospora crassa by incubating macroconidia at a nonpermissive temperature in liquid medium containing sorbose and polyoxin B. The resulting populations of protoplasts were stable for at least 35 days of growth and regenerated morphologically normal cell walls when transferred to noninhibiting conditions and a permissive temperature.os-1 protoplasts thus can be used as starting materials for cell-wall regeneration studies and appear to be superior to protoplasts derived by harsh treatment of hyphae with impure preparations of cell-wall-degrading enzymes.
ESTIMATION OF CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING ACTIVITY OF RAT HYPOTHALAMUS AND NEUROHYPOPHYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER STRESS.

A method is described for the quantitative measurement of the corticotropin- releasing activity of crude hypothalamic and neurohypophysial extracts. The method involves the measurement of blood ACTH concentrations 1.25 min after an intracarotid injection of the extract into female cortisol-blocked rats. The corticotropin-releasing activity of the posterior lobe of the pituitary can largely be accounted for by its vasopressin content and was not measurable after acute stress. The corticotropin-releasing activity appears to be concentrated in the median eminence region and shows a marked and rapid increase after stress. (Endocrinology 75: 514, 1964)
Effect of dietary vitamin A restriction on marbling and conjugated linoleic acid content in Holstein steers

To determine the effect of duration of dietary vitamin A restriction on site of fat deposition in growing cattle, 60 Holstein steers (BW = 218.4 +/- 6.55 kg) were fed a diet based on high-moisture corn, with 2,200 IU of supplemental vitamin A/kg of DM (control) or no supplemental vitamin A for a long (243 d; LR) or short (131 d; SR) restriction before slaughter at 243 d. The SR steers were fed the control diet for the first 112 d. Steers were penned individually and fed for ad libitum intake. Jugular vein blood samples for serum retinol analysis were collected on d 1, 112, and 243. Carcass samples were collected for composition analysis. Subcutaneous fat samples were collected for fatty acid composition. Fat samples from the i.m. and s.c. depots were collected to measure adipocyte size and density. Feedlot performance (ADG, DMI, and G:F) was not affected (P > 0.05) by vitamin A restriction. On d 243, the i.m. fat content of the LM was 33% greater (P 0.10). Liver retinol (LR = 6.1, SR = 6.5, and control = 44.7 microg/g; P 0.10) by vitamin A restriction. Restricting vitamin A intake for 243 d increased i.m. fat percentage without affecting s.c. or visceral fat deposition, feedlot performance, or carcass weight. Restricting vitamin A intake for 131 d at the end of the finishing period appears to be insufficient to affect the site of fat deposition in Holstein steers.
Common sense or cognitive bias and groupthink: does it belong in our clinical reasoning?

You go to a medical equipment shop and buy a stethoscope and reflex hammer for £105. The stethoscope cost £100 more than the reflex hammer. How much did the reflex hammer cost? If your answer to the above question was £5, you may have been using common sense (type-1 reasoning). If on the other hand your answer was based on analytical thinking (type-2 reasoning) your answer would have been more like £2.50. Like most successful biological organisms, we have evolved for economy of effort, to save energy. Type-2 reasoning requires more effort and more time than type-1, so we tend to apply common sense …
Identification of the site of mutation within the M2 region of the GABA receptor of the cyclodiene-resistant German cockroach

Abstract The DNA and amino acid sequences of the membrane-spanning region of the GABA receptors of the German cockroach have been identified along with information on the nature and the specific site of mutation in the cyclodiene-resistant strains. In this resistant strain, the mutation has occurred at the most conserved, lower M2 cylinder region involving a G to T conversion, resulting in an amino acid change of alanine (GCC) residue to serine (TCC). The site, furthermore, coincides with the most conserved region of all GABA receptor subunits and the expected Cl− transporting segment constituting the innermost surface of the channel opening. The deduced sequence of the German cockroach GABA receptor differs from that of Drosophila mainly in the connecting region between M3 and M4.
The role of pH and ring-opening hydrolysis kinetics on liposomal release of topotecan

The use of liposomal delivery systems for the treatment of cancer has been extensively researched because of their passive targeting to the vasculature of solid tumors. While their potential to provide prolonged retention and high drug encapsulation is desirable for anticancer agents, a mechanistic understanding is required to optimize and design liposomal drug delivery systems capable of controllable release tailored to tumor type and patient. Topotecan (TPT) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that undergoes reversible, pH-sensitive ring-opening hydrolysis. TPT may benefit from liposomal formulation using active loading strategies to generate low intravesicular pH to prolong drug retention and increase drug encapsulation. This paper develops a mathematical model to describe TPT's permeability as a function of pH by accounting for the drug's ionization state, membrane binding, and ring-opening interconversion kinetics. Studies were conducted to determine the acid dissociation constant of TPT's phenolic -OH and interconversion kinetics between TPT's lactone and carboxylate forms. Using the constants determined from these studies and release studies conducted at varying pH, permeability coefficients and membrane binding constants for each species of TPT were determined. Based on this model, three permeable species were observed. Interestingly, the two most permeable species were zwitterionic forms of TPT, and the permeability of the lactone zwitterion was comparable to that of the neutral form of another camptothecin analogue. Furthermore, release was affected by based-catalyzed interconversion kinetics between TPT's lactone and carboxylate forms. At neutral pH, release was rate-limited by formation of the TPT lactone from the ring-opened carboxylate form. Based on these findings, the developed model describing liposomal release of TPT may be used in the future to evaluate and optimize loading and subsequent release of liposomal TPT formulations utilizing active loading strategies.
Material flow system model evaluation and improvement

Abstract We introduce here a framework for the evaluation of material flow system models diagnosis of model performance problems, selection of model improvement actions and the implementation of these actions. Many of the actions in this model evaluation and redesign process cannot be modelled through specific procedures. Whenever this is the case we encourage the involvement of the designer by providing decision support, e.g. in determining whether the model performance is actually met and in selecting model improvement actions. In situations in which design tasks can be automated, the framework allows the integration of design tools that can take over these tasks. We present strategies for addressing tasks within the evaluation and redesign process as well as their implementation. The concepts presented are implemented in a design workstation for material flow systems.
Feature Association for Object Tracking

This paper addresses the problem of feature-based estimation of the 3D motion (rotational + translational) and structure of a rigid object from a sequence of 2D monocular images. A rigid object is represented by a set of junctions?groupings of line segments that meet at a single point?which has several advantages over other techniques. An overall scheme for 3D object tracking using enhanced junction detection via a modified Hough transform and state estimation using an unscented Kalman filter was developed in a previous paper. This paper focuses on a crucial part of the overall tracking scheme ? the association (matching) of the predicted and observed junctions. The problem is formulated systematically as a general global assignment problem which allows for the treatment of uncertainties such as occlusion and appearance of new features. Appropriate assignment costs are proposed that account for junction topology and geometry. In addition, a general convex programming approach for two and multiple frame junction matching is also proposed. Simulation results illustrating the accuracy of the junction association algorithms as well as the over-all object tracking scheme are provided. Overall, the approach demonstrates that well established data association methods developed for "point" multitarget tracking can, after appropriate adaptation, be very useful for tracking rigid objects.
Volume Expansion of Tissue Engineered Human Nasal Septal Cartilage.

Volume Expansion of Tissue Engineered Human Nasal Septal Cartilage Importance: Cartilaginous craniofacial defects range in size and autologous cartilaginous tissue is preferred for repair of these defects. Therefore, it is important to have the ability to produce large size cartilaginous constructs for repair of cartilaginous abnormalities. Objectives: 1. To produce autologous human septal neocartilage constructs substantially larger in size than previously produced constructs 2. To demonstrate that volume expanded neocartilage constructs possess comparable histological and biochemical properties to standard size constructs 3. To show that volume expanded neocartilage constructs retain similar biomechanical properties to standard size constructs. Design: Prospective, basic science. Setting: Laboratory Participants: The study used remnant human septal specimens removed during routine surgery at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center or San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Cartilage from a total of 8 donors was collected.
Rectifying Inspection of Lots

Abstract The problem discussed is how to choose a plan of rectifying inspection for a lot or sequence of lots. The purpose of the inspection is minimization of total costs. Three types of inspection plan are considered, namely, no inspection at all, 100 per cent inspection, and sampling inspection according to a sequential plan with linear boundary. Under certain assumptions, it is shown that a near-optimum plan can easily be found. When a single cost factor k, defining the break-even quality, has been determined, the plan may be written down at once, according to a procedure given at the end of §3. It is suggested that for practical purposes there would be little to be gained by refining the procedure, because of vagueness in the data of the problem. The sequential plan is compared with single sampling. A subtle economic and legal problem concerned with the testing of electric meters is discussed at some length. This paper is similar in purpose to a previous paper [1] dealing with inspection of a continu...
Beryllium-copper reactivity in an ITER joining environment

Abstract Beryllium–copper reactivity was studied using test parameters being considered for use in the ITER reactor. In this application, beryllium–copper tiles are produced using a low-temperature copper–copper diffusion bonding technique. Beryllium is joined to copper by first plating the beryllium with copper followed by diffusion bonding the electrodeposited (ED) copper to a wrought copper alloy (CuNiBe) at 450°C, 1–3 h using a hot isostatic press (HIP). In this bonded assembly, beryllium is the armor material and the CuNiBe alloy is the heat sink material. Interface temperatures in service are not expected to exceed 350°C. For this study, an ED copper–beryllium interface was subjected to diffusion bonding temperatures and times to study the reaction products. Beryllium–copper assemblies were subjected to 350, 450 and 550°C for times up to 200 h. Both BeCu and Be 2 Cu intermetallic phases were detected using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative microprobe analysis. Growth rates were determined experimentally for each phase and activation energies for formation were calculated. The activation energies were 66 mol and 62 kJ mol −1 for the BeCu and Be 2 Cu, respectively. Tensile bars were produced from assemblies consisting of coated beryllium (both sides) sandwiched between two blocks of Hycon-3. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of these intermetallics on the bond strength. Failure occurred at the beryllium–copper interface at fracture strengths greater than 300 MPa for the room-temperature tests. At 300°C, the fracture strength was decreased significantly and, in contrast to the room-temperature tests, the fracture initiated in the copper–copper bond. The change in fracture initiation is attributed to a decrease in the residual stresses at the beryllium–copper interface at the higher temperatures and a decrease in the intrinsic fracture strength of the ED copper.
Continuous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring during Cardiac Catheterization in Adults

Arterial hypoxemia may contribute to morbidity during cardiac catheterization. Therefore, we measured arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) continuously using pulse oximetry in 29 patients (age range, 21 to 83 years) undergoing cardiac catheterization. Baseline SaO2 was 96±0.4 percent. All patients had a decrease in SaO2 at some time during the procedure. Eleven patients (38 percent) had episodes of arterial hypoxemia, defined as a decrease in SaO2 below 90 percent. In these 11 patients, the mean number of episodes of hypoxemia was 16±7, and the mean duration of each episode was 53±25 seconds. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the minimum SaO2 during catheterization for any patient was significantly associated with the baseline SaO2, duration of the procedure, and end-diastolic volume (EDV) as described by the following regression equation: minimum SaO2 = 46.8 –; 0.0580 (duration of procedure in minutes) + 0.5362 (baseline SaO2) −0.0159 (EDV). Based on our finding of arterial hypoxemia in greater than one third of our patients, we would consider continuous SaO2 monitoring or supplemental oxygen during cardiac catheterization, especially for those patients with poor ventricular function or low resting SaO2 or those expected to have long procedures.
A neural model for the integration of stereopsis and motion parallax in structure from motion

We introduce a model for the computation of structure from motion based on the physiology of visual cortical areas MT and MST. The model assumes that the perception of depth from motion is related to the firing of a subset of MT neurons tuned to both velocity and disparity. The model's MT neurons are connected to each other laterally to form modulatory receptive-field surrounds that are gated by feedback connections from area MST. This allows the building up of a depth map from motion in area MT, even in absence of disparity in the input. Depth maps from motion and from stereo are combined by a weighted average at a final stage. The model's predictions for the interaction between motion and stereo cues agree with previous psychophysical data, both when the cues are consistent with each other or when they are contradictory. In particular, the model shows nonlinearities as a result of early interactions between motion and stereo before their depth maps are averaged. The two cues interact in a way that represents an alternative to the ''modified weak fusion'' model of depth-cue combination.
T-cell recognition of a chimaeric class II/class I MHC molecule and the role of L3T4

In addition to expressing clonally distributed antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted receptors, T cells also express non-clonally distributed surface molecules that are involved in T-cell function. Among the most intriguing of the latter are L3T4 and Lyt 2, which are expressed on individual T lymphocytes in striking, though not absolute, concordance with their restriction by either class II or class I MHC determinants, and which are thought to contribute to the overall avidity of T-cell interactions by binding to monomorphic determinants on class II and class I MHC molecules, respectively. To examine the ability of T cells to recognize a single class II domain in the absence of the remainder of the Ia molecule, as well as to evaluate the structural basis for the putative interaction of L3T4 with Ia, a recombinant class II/class I murine MHC gene was constructed and introduced into mouse L cells. Here we demonstrate that a subset of class II allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can specifically recognize and lyse L-cell transfectants expressing an isolated polymorphic A beta 1 domain, and that anti-L3T4 antibody can block such killing, a result inconsistent with the highly conserved membrane-proximal domains of Ia acting as unique target sites for L3T4 binding.
In vivo incorporation of labeled amino acids into nuclear proteins of the sea urchin embryos.

Abstract Analysis of acid-soluble proteins extracted from nuclei isolated from eggs and embryos at various developmental stages during early embryogenesis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus indicates that arginine-rich histones are the first histone fraction to appear in the nucleus. It has been possible to time their appearance as occurring between the 4 to 8 cell stage and the early blastula. During the first few cell divisions after fertilization, fractionation of the acid-soluble nuclear proteins on Amberlite CG-50 columns using a gradient of guanidinium hydrochloride for elution revealed that no 14C-labeled amino acid entered the biosynthesis of histones. Typical lysine-rich histones appear in the nucleus only later, during hatching and gastrulation. At hatching and later stages, but not earlier, 5% perchloric acid extracted proteins containing 25% lysine could be detected. The amino acid composition of such fractions closely resembled the very lysine-rich histone fraction f 1 derived from calf thymus nuclei.
Bonded peptide stationary phases for the separation of amino acids and peptides using liquid chromatography.

Abstract Bonded optically active tripeptides have been applied as stationary phases for liquid chromatography. Significant retention variations are shown for some UV absorbing amino acids when compared to a silica gel column using the same mobile phase. The separation of certain isomeric dipeptides has been accomplished using the bonded optically active tripeptide stationary phases. It is shown that these separations are superior to those possible on silica gel, although the efficiencies of the column are low. Phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-amino acids have also been analyzed using the bonded tripeptide L -Val- L -Ala- L -Ser on silica gel CT and 1% citric acid-water as the mobile phase. No two PTH-amino acids showed the same capacity ratio out of 25 tested and the separation of 15 in one isocratic run is presented. The implications and future for the use of bonded optically active peptides as stationary phases for liquid chromatography are discussed.
Radiation Damage to Artemia Cysts:Effects of Water Vapor

Water vapor altered the form and greatly increased the rate of decay of the electron-spin resonance pattern of long-lived free radicals obtained upon gamma irradiation of Artemia salina cysts ( brine shrimp eggs). These results, combined with data on radiation survival, indicate that the water vapor protects the cysts from radiation damage, or heals the damage. They also indicate that water protects the cysts from the effect of oxygen by neutralizing the radiation-induced free radicals before they can interact with oxygen to produce irreversible damage.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of In Vitro Interphase Transfer of Tetracyclines I: Influence of Hydroxyl Group Substitution

The influence of hydroxyl group substitution on the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the interphase transfer of three tetracycline derivatives was studied in a two-phase in vitro system composed of an aqueous pH 5.5 buffer and 1-octanol. Data are reported on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of activation, the net thermodynamic parameters for interphase transfer, and the contribution of hydroxyl group substituents to the energy changes associated with partitioning. For each derivative, ΔH, ΔS, T ΔS, and ΔF were positive with enthalpy dominating the entropic energy contribution. Introduction of a hydroxyl group at C-5 on the tetracycline nucleus promoted partitioning through an entropy-dominated decrease in the “apparent” free energy of partitioning, whereas shifting the hydroxyl group to C-6β retarded partitioning due to an enthalpy-dominated gain in the apparent free energy.
A Multipass Spatial and Temporal Image Filtering APS CMOS Image Sensor

This paper presents a monolithic implementation of a programmable multipass image processing hardware capable of spatial and temporal image filtering at the focal plane in 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The novel architecture enables image processing at readout using a sliding kernel processing element and a dedicated class AB analog memory. It has a unique pixel write-back feature that enables multi-pass image processing in the analog domain. The design is ideal for low power, low cost image sensor applications. The current design can achieve 900 MOPS/mW, and can easily be improved.
Locus of control, depression and suicidality in Korean workers.

In a sample of 37 Korean workers, past and current suicidal ideation was not associated with depression scores or locus of control scores.
Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-linked Gene Product ATRX Is Required for Proper Replication Restart and Cellular Resistance to Replication Stress

Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) is a member of the SWI/SNF protein family of DNA-dependent ATPases. It functions as a chromatin remodeler and is classified as an SNF2-like helicase. Here, we showed somatic knock-out of ATRX displayed perturbed S-phase progression as well as hypersensitivity to replication stress. ATRX is recruited to sites of DNA damage, required for efficient checkpoint activation and faithful replication restart. In addition, we identified ATRX as a binding partner of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. Together, these results suggest a non-canonical function of ATRX in guarding genomic stability.
Advanced placement-plus in computer science: a summer institute at the University of Tulsa

In this paper we discuss an in-service course designed to give secondary school teachers the background needed to teach an Advanced Placement (AP) course in Computer Science. In order to do this effectively, we argue that additional computer literacy and computer system concepts must be developed as well (PLUS). We present the (AP) course outline and objectives as well as the outline and objectives for some additional computing skills.
The endothelial nitric oxide synthase T-786c mutation, a treatable etiology of Prinzmetal's angina

We assessed to what degree the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T-786C polymorphism, leading to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production-coronary artery spasm, was reversibly associated with Prinzmetal’s variant angina (PVA). ENOS T-786C PCR analyses were done in 19 women, 8 men, 26 Caucasian, 1 African-American, median age 53, with well-documented PVA and in 72 healthy controls who did not differ by race or gender. Of the 27 cases, 7 (26%) were homozygous for wild-type normal eNOS (CC), 13 (48%) were T-786C heterozygotes (CT), and 7 (26%) were T-786C homozygotes (TT) vs controls, 44 (61%) CC, 27 (38%) TC, and 1 (1%) TT, P
Cold Nuclear Matter Effects on J/psi and Upsilon Production at the LHC

The charmonium yields are expected to be considerably suppressed if a deconfined medium is formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In addition, the bottomonium states, with the possible exception of the UPSILON(1S) state, are also expected to be suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. However, in proton-nucleus collisions the quarkonium production cross sections, even those of the UPSILON(1S), are also suppressed. These 'cold nuclear matter' effects need to be accounted for before signals of the high-density QCD medium can be identified in the measurements made in nucleus-nucleus collisions. We identify two cold nuclear matter effects important for midrapidity quarkonium production: 'nuclear absorption', typically characterized as a final-state effect on the produced quarkonium state, and 'shadowing', the modification of the parton densities in nuclei relative to the nucleon, an initial-state effect. In this article, we characterize these effects and study the energy, rapidity, and impact-parameter dependence of initial-state shadowing.
"Apple coring" the nipple in subcutaneous mastectomy.

A simple technique is described for removing the ductal tissue from the nipple in a subcutaneous mastectomy. We believe that complete removal of all the ductal tissue is desirable in this operation, and that it will also decrease the incidence of subsequent infection. The operative technique, the problems, the advantages, and the disadvantages of the procedure are described.
Binge eating disorder affects outcome of comprehensive very-low-calorie diet treatment.

To determine the effects of binge eating disorder (BED) on weight loss and maintenance in women undergoing treatment for obesity, we studied the weight changes of 38 women (body mass index > 30 kg/m2), 21 of whom met proposed criteria for BED and 17 of whom reported few problems with binge eating, during and after a 26-week comprehensive very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) treatment program. All 17 subjects without and 16/21 subjects with BED returned for four follow-up visits over 12 months (p = 0.05). While a similar proportion of subjects with and without BED reported absolute adherence to both the modified fast and refeeding, those with BED showed a significantly different distribution in energy intake from those without BED, with fewer small and more large lapses among those who deviated from the diet (p 50% of their lost weight by three-month follow-up, vs. no subjects without the disorder (p or = 10% of initial body weight. However, 35% of subjects with BED, and none of the subjects without BED, had a poor outcome (p < 0.05). We conclude that many individuals with BED will respond well to a medically supervised comprehensive VLCD program, attaining medically significant weight loss. However, this subgroup appears to be at risk for early major regain of lost weight and for poor outcome one year following weight-loss treatment.
Search for exotic mesons produced by baryon exchange and BB coupling to exotic channels

Recent evidence on exotic meson exchange reactions suggests that such mesons, if they exist, may couple strongly to baryon-decuplet vertices. Therefore, decuplet baryon-exchange reactions provide the “natural” searching grounds for these states. We have searched for possible J = 0, 2, I = 2 states in the mass range of 0.9–1.3 GeV/c using the reaction π−p → p + x−. We show recent backward data from the reaction π+n → p + π+ + π− for comparison. We tentatively conclude that the baryon-decuplet annihilation vertex shows strong coupling to the I = 2 ππ system.
Development of a second-generation fiber-optic on-line image verification system☆

Abstract Purpose: We have previously reported the development of a fiber-optic fluoroscopic system for on-line imaging on radiation therapy machines with beam-stops because of space limitation. While the images were adequate for clinical purposes in most cases, an undesirable grid artifact existed and distracted visualization. The resolving power of the system, limited by the 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm dimension of the input fibers, appeared insufficient in some cases. This work identifies solutions to reduce grid artifact and to improve the resolution of the system. Methods and Materials: In the clinical system, it was found that the scanning mechanism of the newvicon camera was deflected differently at various gantry positions because of the different orientation of the earth's magnetic field. The small image misregistration produced grid artifact during image normalization, particularly near boundaries of the fiber bundles. One approach taken to reduce magnetic field effects was to shield the camera with mu-metal. Alternatively, a charged-coupled-device camera was used instead of the newvicon camera. As for improving spatial resolution, fibers with smaller input dimension were used. A 20 cm × 20 cm high resolution fiber-optic prototype consisting of 250 × 250 fibers, each with an input dimension of 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm was constructed. Its performance was tested using several phantoms studies. Results: Both shielding the newvicon camera with mu-metal or replacing it with a charge-coupled-device camera reduced grid artifact. However, optimal shielding could not be made for our clinical system because of the space limitation of its housing. High contrast resolution was improved, the 30% value of the modulation transfer function occurred at 0.3 linepairs per mm for the clinical system and at 0.7 linepairs per mm for the high-resolution prototype. However, because of the larger degree of transmission non-uniformity of the prototype, it was less effective using the current setup in detecting low contrast objects. Conclusions: The results are encouraging and demonstrate successful reduction of grid artifact and improvement of high contrast spatial resolution using the proposed methods. The less effective low contrast detection was related to reduced light collection efficiency due to use of prototype fibers whose productions were not closely monitored. The findings are being considered in our construction of a second generation clinical fiber-optic on-line image verification system.
Variables affecting asthma course during pregnancy.

Background The course of asthma is frequently altered by pregnancy, but the mechanisms remain undefined. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify specific maternal or pregnancy characteristics that are related to the course of asthma during pregnancy. Methods A secondary analysis of a previous prospective study identified 568 pregnant women whose patient-reported asthma course during pregnancy was compared with the women's usual disease course. Potential explanatory variables were compared between groups defined by their pregnancy versus usual course (better, worse, same). Results Improvement of asthma during pregnancy was noted in 33.6%, worsening was reported in 36.3%, no change was reported in 26.4%, and the course was uncertain in 3.7%. There was a significant concordance between asthma course and course of rhinitis during pregnancy. Rhinitis improved in 51.1% of patients whose asthma improved during pregnancy and worsened in 19.8% of these women. Rhinitis worsened in 55.9% of patients whose asthma worsened during pregnancy and improved in 2.1% of these women. No significant relationships were found between gestational asthma course and maternal demographic factors, panic-fear score, smoking, maternal weight, infant birth weight, or infant sex. Conclusions The relationship of gestational asthma course to rhinitis symptoms may have clinical and mechanistic significance. Further studies will be necessary to test this hypothesis.
Lossless optical modulation in a silicon waveguide using stimulated Raman scattering

In this paper we describe a new modulation scheme using stimulated Raman scattering in conjunction with a reverse biased p-i-n diode embedded in a silicon waveguide. We show optical modulation of a weak probe beam by modulating the reverse bias voltage of the silicon waveguide excited by a strong pump beam. The probe beam modulation is due to the two-photon absorption-induced carrier density modulation in the waveguide. By tuning the probe wavelength to the Stokes wavelength, we demonstrate for the first time a lossless optical modulator in silicon with modulation speeds up to 80-MHz.
The elastic scattering of deuterons by O16 from 0.65 to 2.0 MeV

Absolute cross sections for the elastic scattering of deuterons by O/sup 16/ were measured at seven center-of-mass angles from 0.65 to 2.0 Mev. Absolute cross sections for the O/sup 16/(d,p/sub 0/)O/sup 17/, O/sup 16/(d,p/sub 1/)O/sup 17/, and O/sup 16 /,(d, alpha /sub 0/)N/sup 14/ reactions were measured at a laboratory angle of 164 deg 15'. (auth)
Citizenship and the right to the global city: reimagining the capitalist world order

This article joins many contemporary activists and scholars in criticizing and seeking alternatives to the ongoing neoliberalization of the global political economy. It sets out two main arguments: (1) in order to resist the growing control of capital over the global political economy, one important project is to develop new notions of citizenship that expand the decision-making control of citizens; and (2) Henri Lefebvre's concept of ‘the right to the city’ is one particularly fertile set of principles on which to base such alternative citizenships because it resists and rethinks both traditional citizenship forms and capitalist social relations. The first part of the article outlines the context in which Lefebvre's ideas might be pursued by examining the contemporary destabilization of traditional citizenship and its relationship to global political and economic restructuring. The second part of the article develops more specifically the potential of Lefebvrian citizenship by constructing a theoretical sketch of one possible citizenship based on Lefebvre's idea: what I call the right to the global city. The article finishes by suggesting that the right to the city can be extended beyond the urban context. It points toward a new set of more democratic political relationships in which the power of inhabitants to shape the global political economy displaces the power of capital and the nation-state. Cet article fait echo a nombre de militants et d'intellectuels contemporains critiquant la neoliberalisation actuelle de l'economie politique mondiale, et y cherchant des alternatives. Il expose deux arguments principaux: d'abord, pour resister au contro le croissant du capital sur l'economie politique mondiale, un grand projet doit definir de nouvelles notions de citoyennete qui permettent aux citoyens de mieux maitriser les decisions; ensuite, le concept de ‘droit a la ville’ d'Henri Lefebvre est un ensemble particulierement productif de principes utilisables pour asseoir ces citoyennetes alternatives, car il repousse et repense a la fois les formes de citoyennete traditionnelles et les relations sociales capitalistes. La premiere partie de l'article delimite le cadre dans lequel les concepts de Lefebvre pourraient s'appliquer, en examinant la destabilisation contemporaine de la citoyennete classique et son lien avec la restructuration politico-economique mondiale. La seconde partie developpe le potentiel de la citoyennete selon Lefebvre en ebauchant une possible citoyennete theorique basee sur son idee: ce que j'appelle le droit a la ville mondiale. L'article se termine en suggerant que le droit a la ville peut s'etendre au-dela du contexte urbain. Il vise un nouvel ensemble de relations politiques plus democratiques ou le pouvoir des habitants pour faconner l'economie politique mondiale supplante celui du capital et de l'Etatnation.
Bayes-LQAS: Classifying the Prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition

Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) applications in health have generally relied on frequentist interpretations for statistical validity. Yet health professionals often seek statements about the probability distribution of unknown parameters to answer questions of interest. The frequentist paradigm does not pretend to yield such information, although a Bayesian formulation might. This is the source of an error made in a recent paper published in this journal. Many applications lend themselves to a Bayesian treatment, and would benefit from such considerations in their design. We discuss Bayes-LQAS (B-LQAS), which allows for incorporation of prior information into the LQAS classification procedure, and thus shows how to correct the aforementioned error. Further, we pay special attention to the formulation of Bayes Operating Characteristic Curves and the use of prior information to improve survey designs. As a motivating example, we discuss the classification of Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence and draw parallels between the Bayes and classical classifications schemes. We also illustrate the impact of informative and non-informative priors on the survey design. Results indicate that using a Bayesian approach allows the incorporation of expert information and/or historical data and is thus potentially a valuable tool for making accurate and precise classifications.
Participation in Outpatient Diabetes Education Programs: How Many- Patients Take Part and How Representative Are They?:

Little research has been conducted on the role of participation in programs that teach diabetes self-management skills. This paper reviews recent studies on diabetes educational programs to determine what is known about participation, and then reports our experience in recruiting patients for a program that teaches diabetes self-care skills to persons age 60 and older. Few studies have reported data on participation rates in such programs, and only one study provided information on characteristics of patients who participated versus those who did not. In our study, patients over age 70, and those with whom we initiated contact by means of a letter from their health care provider, were less likely to participate than were younger patients and those who initiated contact with us. It is recommended that future research include information on the percentage and representativeness of patients who participate in diabetes education programs. Studies should also describe their target population, procedures used t...
The Shape of Services to Come: Values-Based Reference Service for the Largely Digital Library

Much has been said about the technological dimensions of the largely digital library of the future, but little has been said about the service values librarians must advance to make this environment work effectively for all of the library’s users. Libraries must retain the timeless service values of equity of access, personal service, and services tailored to the needs of individuals while exploring new values such as integrating technologies, maintaining holistic computing environments, delivering core services through the network, making technology work for all, and collaborating across administrative lines.