cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caught between freedom and control: ‘ordinary’ people’s discursive positioning on an Israeli prime-time talk show

The article discusses the democratizing potential of the talk show genre by exploring the discursive positioning of anonymous lay participants in the Israeli prime-time talk show Live. Quantitative analyses of three measures of participation reveal that anonymous guests take fewer turns, intervene less and self-select less than famous and semi-famous guests on the show. Qualitative analyses reveal a dialectical response by the host to anonymous guests’ initiative behavior. Such behavior is encouraged and supported when it conforms to a prototypical view of the anonymous guest as communicatively inferior, but is perceived as challenging and sanctioned when guests go beyond this prototypical view and exhibit high degrees of communicative competence. This dialectic is discussed as evidence of the embeddedness of conversational patterns of self-selection within an institutional framework of asymmetric control, meriting a multi-layered approach to semi-institutional discourse. The article concludes with a cult...
Physical and genetic interactions between uls1 and the Slx5-Slx8 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase

The Slx5–Slx8 complex is a ubiquitin ligase that preferentially ubiquitylates SUMOylated substrates, targeting them for proteolysis. Mutations in SLX5, SLX8, and other SUMO pathway genes were previously identified in our laboratory as genomic suppressors of a point mutation (mot1-301) in the transcriptional regulator MOT1. To further understand the links between the SUMO and ubiquitin pathways, a screen was performed for high-copy suppressors of mot1-301, yielding three genes (MOT3, MIT1, and ULS1). MOT3 and MIT1 have characteristics of prions, and ULS1 is believed to encode another SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that functionally overlaps with Slx5-Slx8. Here we focus on ULS1, obtaining results suggesting that the relationship between ULS1 and SLX5 is more complex than expected. Uls1 interacted with Slx5 physically in to yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, a uls1 mutation that blocked the interaction between Uls1 and Slx5 interfered with ULS1 function, and genetic analyses indicated an antagonistic relationship between ULS1 and SLX5. Combined, our results challenge the assumption that Uls1 and Slx5 are simply partially overlapping STUbLs and begin to illuminate a regulatory relationship between these two proteins.
Cryopreservation of Sperm: Indications, Methods and Results

ABSTRACTPurpose: We review the history of the cryopreservation of human sperm. The current methods of cryopreservation and indications are highlighted, and the success rates of the various uses of cryopreserved sperm are reviewed. Potential adverse sequelae of human cryopreservation are also discussed.Materials and Methods: Indications for cryopreservation include several applications, namely homologous and donor insemination, cryopreservation prior to surgical infertility treatment, intraoperative cryopreservation, postoperative cryopreservation, cryopreservation prior to treatment for malignancies and nonmalignant diseases, as well as premortem and postmortem cryopreservation.Results: With the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, open microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and testicular sperm extraction with cryopreserved sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia yields pregnancy rates similar to those using fresh sperm. Intraoperative cryopreservation is recommended for complex reconstructive c...
Response: The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework and the Commons

We have tried to develop a useful framework for analyzing a wide variety of questions. Their adoption of a modified form of our Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework for this important set of questions re-assures us that we met our goal. Charlotte Hess and I organized a conference and co-edited a book that examined some aspects of the knowledge commons using the IAD framework. We have learned that aspects of cultural environments can be thought of as 'cultural commons' because cultural products (e.g., new knowledge or software) are often available to many users who do not have to pay the producer in order to use those products. Many important questions related to the study of cultural commons await a careful institutional analysis.
The Effects of α-Helical Structure and Cyanylated Cysteine on Each Other

� -Thiocyanatoalanine, or cyanylated cysteine, is an artificial amino acid that can be introduced at solventexposed cysteine residues in proteins via chemical modification. Its facile post-translational synthesis means that it may find broad use in large protein systems as a probe of site-specific structure and dynamics. The CtN stretching vibration of this artificial side chain provides an isolated infrared chromophore. To test both the perturbative effect of this side chain on local secondary structure and its sensitivity to structural changes, three variants of a model water-soluble alanine-repeat helix were synthesized containing cyanylated cysteine at different sites. The cyanylated cysteine side chain is shown to destabilize, but not completely disrupt, the helical structure of the folded peptide when substituted for alanine. In addition, the CtN stretching bandwidth of the artificial side chain is sensitive to the helix-coil structural transition. These model system results indicate that cyanylated cysteine can be placed into protein sequences with a native helical propensity without destroying the helix, and further that the CN probe may be able to report local helix formation events even when it is water-exposed in both the ordered and disordered conformational states. These results indicate that cyanylated cysteine could be a widely useful probe of structure-forming events in proteins with large in vitro structural distributions.
Wideband arrays with variable element sizes

A new planar array architecture based on adding half-sized elements in between the other elements in order to extend the frequency by one octave is proposed and validated. This wideband array with variable element sizes (WAVES) antenna is shown by calculations and by measurements using Archimedean spirals to be the elements necessary to maintain a simple clean mainbeam and principal plane sidelobes below about -10 dB over two octaves. In spite of using a test antenna with a simple parallel feed and no impedance matching or isolation, the agreement between predicted and measured results is good.
Performance of sandwich composites subjected to sequential impact and air blast loading

An experimental study has been conducted to examine the effects of two different types of impact damage on the blast performance of sandwich composites. Sandwich composite specimens were subjected to impact by either a high velocity projectile or a low velocity drop weight. After impact, a secondary blast loading experiment was performed on the same specimens to evaluate the effects of the impact damage on the blast performance of the sandwich. Controlled blast loading was imparted using a shock tube apparatus while pressure data and high speed images of the dynamic event were captured. The experimental results showed impact damage from high velocity projectiles was most prominent on the exit face sheet of the sandwich specimens wherein damage to the core and impact face sheet, in the form of a hole, was minimal in comparison. Damage created by low velocity drop weights was concentrated on the impact face sheet and within the core adjacent to the impact face sheet. Low velocity impacts also generated de-bonding between the impact face sheet and core. Shear cracking in the core was the dominant effect of all blast loading. Although the specimens that had been struck by high velocity projectiles absorbed substantially more energy during impact experiments than those impacted by low velocity drop weights the damage created by low velocity impacts had the greatest detrimental effect on the blast performance of the sandwich composites.
Effect of Pulse Pressure on the Vasomotor Function of Arteries

Arteries are subjected to a pulsatile pressure centered on a constant mean pressure in vivo. This oscillating pressure is disrupted by treatments for cardiovascular disease, which include the use of cardiopulmonary bypass machines and ventricular assist devices.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Resource Effects on Solitary Bee Reproduction in a Managed Crop Pollination System.

Population density may affect solitary bee maternal resource allocation. The number of Megachile rotundata (F.), alfalfa leafcutting bee, females released for seed production of Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, may limit flower availability for nest provisioning. In turn, pollinator abundance also may affect crop yield. The M. sativa pollination system presents an opportunity to test for effects of density dependence and maternal manipulation on M. rotundata reproduction. A multiyear study was performed on M. sativa fields upon which M. rotundata densities were altered to induce low, medium, and high density situations. Numbers of adult bees and open flowers were recorded weekly; bee reproduction variables were collected once. Fields varied in plant performance for each site and year, and the intended bee densities were not realized. Therefore, the variable density index (DI) was derived to describe the number of female bees per area of flowers over the study period. As DI increased, percentages of pollinated flowers, established females, and healthy brood significantly increased, and the number of pollinated flowers per female and of dead or diseased brood significantly decreased. Sex ratio was significantly more female biased as DI increased. Overwintered offspring weights were similar regardless of DI, but significantly differed by year for both sexes, and for males also by field and year × field interaction. Overall, resource limitation was not found in this field study. Other density-dependent factors may have induced a bee dispersal response soon after bees were released in the fields that circumvented the need for, or impact of, maternal manipulation.
Survival estimates and risk factors for failure with 6 x 5.7-mm implants.

Purpose: Short dental implants facilitate prosthetic restoration in the setting of limited alveolar bone height. The study objectives were to (1) estimate the 1-year survival of Bicon 6 � 5.7-mm implants, (2) compare the 1-year survival of 6 � 5.7-mm implants with that of non–6 � 5.7-mm implants, and (3) identify risk factors associated with implant failure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used. The sample was composed of patients who had received at least one 6 � 5.7mm implant. Predictor variables were categorized as demographic, health status, anatomic, implantspecific, prosthetic, perioperative, and reconstructive. The outcome variable was implant failure, defined as explantation. Appropriate descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate survival statistics were computed. Results: The sample was composed of 35 patients in whom 172 implants had been placed (45 of which were 6 � 5.7-mm). The 1-year survival rates for 6 � 5.7-mm and non–6 � 5.7-mm implants were 92.2% and 95.2%, respectively (P = .76). After adjusting for covariates in a multivariate model, implant size was not associated with failure (P = .95). Discussion: The comparable survival estimates for 6 � 5.7-mm implants and non–6 � 5.7-mm implants in this study suggested that 6 � 5.7mm implants can become osseointegrated and bear a functional load after placement. Conclusions: The survival of 6 � 5.7-mm implants was comparable to that of non–6 � 5.7-mm implants. INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2005;20:930–937
Estimation of a biofilm-specific reaction rate: kinetics of bacterial urea hydrolysis in a biofilm.

Biofilms and specifically urea-hydrolysing biofilms are of interest to the medical community (for example, urinary tract infections), scientists and engineers (for example, microbially induced carbonate precipitation). To appropriately model these systems, biofilm-specific reaction rates are required. A simple method for determining biofilm-specific reaction rates is described and applied to a urea-hydrolysing biofilm. Biofilms were grown in small silicon tubes and influent and effluent urea concentrations were determined. Immediately after sampling, the tubes were thin sectioned to estimate the biofilm thickness profile along the length of the tube. Urea concentration and biofilm thickness data were used to construct an inverse model for the estimation of the urea hydrolysis rate. It was found that urea hydrolysis in Escherichia coli MJK2 biofilms is well approximated by first-order kinetics between urea concentrations of 0.003 and 0.221 mol/l (0.186 and 13.3 g/l). The first-order rate coefficient (k1) was estimated to be 23.2±6.2 h−1. It was also determined that advection dominated the experimental system rather than diffusion, and that urea hydrolysis within the biofilms was not limited by diffusive transport. Beyond the specific urea-hydrolysing biofilm discussed in this work, the method has the potential for wide application in cases where biofilm-specific rates must be determined. A new way to detect the rate of chemical reactions in microbial biofilms could be useful in medicine, environmental science and engineering. Robin Gerlach and colleagues at Montana State University and Temple University, USA, developed the method using biofilms of E. coli bacteria. They used it to measure the rate of the hydrolysis reaction that breaks down urea by combining it with water. This reaction promotes carbonate mineral formation during the formation of kidney and urinary tract stones, and catheter encrustation. It has also been studied for engineering applications involving building materials and soil, and for its significance in wastewater treatment. The researchers measured biofilm thickness and changes in urea concentrations as reagents flowed over biofilms lining silicon tubes. The method may be widely applicable to other chemical reactions mediated by a variety of biofilms.
The effects of plant nutritional chemistry on food selection of Mexican black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra): The role of lipids.

Understanding the nutritional basis of food selection is fundamental to evaluate dietary patterns and foraging strategies in primates. This research describes the phytochemical composition of the foods consumed by two groups of Mexican black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) during a 15-month field study, and examines how plant nutritional chemistry affected food choice. Based on indices of selectivity that reflected seasonal changes in the amount of different phenophases of the most consumed plant species and their availability in the environment, we found that, in general, howlers did not preferentially select food items based on their concentrations of protein, sugar, energy, or their protein-to-fiber ratio. During only one season of the year, the nortes (October–January), there was evidence for selectivity. During this period, selectivity indices correlated positively with the lipid content of foods ingested. However, a strategy of selecting fruits high in lipids (21–41% dry matter) coincided with the consumption of a leaf-based diet (based on estimates of the dry weight of food ingested), suggesting that during this season howlers interchanged lipids with sugars to obtain energy and possibly to balance the higher protein intake obtained by the increased leaf consumption. Overall, these data did not support the prediction that food choice in this howler population was strongly correlated with particular nutrients, and suggest that balancing a suite of nutrients by consuming plants that vary widely in their composition may be an important strategy for howler monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 9999:XX–XX, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entrepreneurial spirit in government managed enterprises: evidence from the U.S. general aviation airports

While a number of studies introduce entrepreneurship in the public sector, there is still a need for empirical research in this field. We use a survey of U.S. general aviation airport managers to investigate the benefits of entrepreneurial spirit in public sector management. The results of logistic regressions suggest that the airport managers’ beliefs in importance of selfsustainability significantly improve the likelihood of general aviation airports to be self-sustaining. On the other hand, the airport specific characteristics, such as a favorable location, county population, and others are not statistically significant in achieving self-sustainability. Our findings support the literature that argue that entrepreneurship can be a mean of achieving more efficient, flexible and adaptive management in the public sector.
Abstract 12425: Sirt2 Mediated-Deacetylation Regulates Cellular Iron Homeostasis

Background: Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases and critical regulators of energy metabolism and response to oxidative stress in the heart. Iron is essential for these processes but is toxic when present in excess. Thus, SIRTs may regulate iron levels to ensure adequate supply of this element for their biological functions. SIRT2 is among the least characterized SIRTs and is mainly present in the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that SIRT2 might be required for cellular iron homeostasis. Methods and Results: Iron content was significantly lower in SIRT2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) compared to SIRT2+/+ MEFs (non-heme iron: 0.073 vs. 0.060 nmol/μg protein, p=0.02). Gene expression of ferroportin-1 (FPN1), the major cellular iron exporter, was significantly increased in SIRT2-/- MEFs. Similarly, silencing SIRT2 in HepG2 cells decreased cellular iron levels and increased FPN1 expression, indicating that enhanced FPN1 in SIRT2 knockout or knockdown condition increases iron export and reduces cellular iron. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we focused our studies on nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a known regulator of FPN1. Our results demonstrated that Nrf2 is upregulated and translocates into the nucleus in SIRT2-/- MEFs and knocking down Nrf2 in SIRT2-/- MEFs reverses iron deficiency and FPN1 expression. Furthermore, Nrf2 is acetylated by P300/CBP and can be deacetylated by SIRT2. Finally, to confirm the role of SIRT2 in iron regulation, cellular heme and non-heme iron in the heart (major iron-consuming organ) and liver (major iron-storage organ) were measured in wild type (WT) and SIRT2-/- mice. Heme and non-heme iron content were significantly decreased in SIRT2-/- mouse livers compared to WT livers (heme: 2.25 vs. 1.65 nmol/mg protein, p=0.002; non-heme iron: 0.073 vs. 0.064 nmol/μg protein, p=0.03). Furthermore, heme levels were also significant decreased in the heart, while non-heme iron was not significantly altered. Conclusions: Our results suggest that SIRT2 regulates cellular iron homeostasis by deacetylating NRF2 and altering iron export through FPN1.
Giant negative magnetoresistance in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems

We report on a giant negative magnetoresistance in very high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures and quantum wells. The effect is the strongest at $B\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ kG, where the magnetoresistivity develops a minimum emerging at $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}2$ K. Unlike the zero-field resistivity which saturates at $T\ensuremath{\simeq}2$ K, the resistivity at this minimum continues to drop at an accelerated rate to much lower temperatures and becomes several times smaller than the zero-field resistivity. Unexpectedly, we also find that the effect is destroyed not only by increasing temperature but also by modest in-plane magnetic fields. The analysis shows that giant negative magnetoresistance cannot be explained by existing theories considering interaction-induced or disorder-induced corrections.
Comparative Studies of Somatosensory Systems and Active Sensing

Comparative studies of diverse species provide a wealth of information about active touch and corresponding brain specializations in the somatosensory system. Here the results of numerous studies of brain and behavior in shrews and moles are reviewed and discussed. Water shrews have elaborate whiskers and can detect prey based on both texture and movement. In contrast to rodents, shrew whiskers are not reflected by barrels in the cortex, but are reflected in the brainstem by prominent barrelettes. Although shrews have a simpler cortical anatomy than rodents, star-nosed mole’s cortices are more complex, with three histologically visible and interconnected cortical maps that reflect the nasal rays on the contralateral star. One ray of the star is used as the tactile fovea, and is greatly over-represented in the neocortex. This finding highlights similarities between specialized somatosensory, visual, and auditory systems—each of which may have a sensory fovea for high resolution sensory processing. Both water shrews and star-nosed moles exhibit the remarkable ability to sniff underwater by exhaling and reinhaling air bubbles as they forage. This allows visualization of sniffing during natural behaviors and provides a unique window into the behavioral integration of touch and smell . Finally, eastern moles have the least specialized set of mechanoreceptors but exhibit remarkable olfactory abilities using stereo nasal cues—in conjunction with touch—to efficiently locate prey. These results highlight the many insights that may be derived from specialized model animals.
Fatigue Modeling of Collagenous Soft Tissue

In this study, a phenomenological tissue damage model has been developed to describe the fatigue-induced stress softening and permanent set of biological tissues. Since damage evolution is an irreversible dissipative process, following thermodynamic principles, an equivalent strain proportional to the strain energy of the material is employed as the damage criterion. The maximum equivalent strain represents the value necessary to cause complete sample failure during one loading cycle, while the minimum equivalent strain is the value required to elicit the onset of fatigue damage. The damage parameter evolves from zero (below minimum equivalent strain) to one at maximum equivalent strain as a function of both the equivalent strain and number of loading cycles. The permanent set evolves as a function of the peak strain in the principal directions. The damage model is implemented into ABAQUS via a user defined material (UMAT) in conjunction with the nonlinear orthotropic Fungelastic model. For the purpose of this study, glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium (GLBP), a collagenous tissue traditionally used for fabricating bio-prosthetic heart valve (BHV) leaflets, is utilized as a representative collagenous tissue due to its limited durability in BHV applications.
Evaluating SOX in the Aftermath of Enron: Engaging Innovation, Auditors and Stakeholders in Corporate Social Responsibility

As well as highlighting how corporations and enterprises, national or multinational, can be effectively engaged in entrepreneurship and innovation, as a means of fulfilling corporate social responsibility goals and objectives, this paper aims to propose means whereby auditors, and particularly, external auditors could more effectively, fulfil corporate governance roles. Having drawn vital lessons from past corporate collapses and the devastating of these in terms of unemployment - particularly for uninsured wider stakeholders, a vital goal of an enterprise should also namely, embrace that of facilitating initiatives aimed at job creation - through entrepreneurship programmes which should also have a role in determining how directors and executives are remunerated - in addition to corporate governance measures which are currently in place.
Career Paths of Health Workers

Abstract This article presents an evaluation of an innovative, three-year graduate program to prepare workers from educationally disadvan-taged backgrounds for professional careers in social work in an urban health care system. It analyzes the contributions to the Social Work Health Careers Opportunity Program (SWHCOP) of a course designed to provide: an overview of health care issues and policies; beginning knowledge, values and skills for social work practice in health care; and an opportunity to acquire or strengthen skills for graduate education, including oral and written communications, problem-solving, and critical thinking. This article considers the practice, policy and teaching implications of such an educational program for increasing access to professional careers in social work for members of educationally disadvantaged communities.
Exchange corrections of K x-ray emission rates

Separate relativistic Hartree-Fock solutions for atoms in their initial and final states are used for calculating the radiative decay of a $K$-vacancy state. The matrix-element calculations include the exchange effects of the nonzero overlap of wave functions from different subshells. Results are presented for the filling of the vacancy by the $p$ electrons for a set of elements from $Z=10\mathrm{to}98$. The Hartree-Fock theory is also used for calculating the rates of production of multiple-vacancy states in the decay process. In contrast to earlier single-potential calculations, the calculated values of ratios of the rates of the $K$ x-ray components are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Using the Qur’ān to Empower Arab Women? Theory and Experimental Evidence From Egypt

A growing body of scholarship on the political and economic subordination of women in the Muslim world has argued that widespread patriarchal attitudes toward women’s roles in public life can be ameliorated by offering progressive reinterpretations of Islamic scriptures. In this article, we explore this hypothesis with a large-scale survey experiment conducted among adult Egyptians in late 2013. In the study, a subset of respondents were exposed to an argument in favor of women’s political equality that was grounded in the Qur’ān, Islam’s holiest text. We found that this group was significantly more willing to express approval of female political leadership than those exposed to a non-religious argument in favor of women’s eligibility for political leadership. A further analysis of conditional treatment effects suggests that the religious justification for female political leadership was more likely to elicit agreement among less educated and less pious respondents, and when delivered by women and targete...
Carbohydrate metabolism in strain L-929 mouse fibroblast cells.

SummaryStrain L cells, grown in YELP medium in suspension, were found to oxidize glucose, pyruvate, acetate, lactate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate. Crude extracts of these cells retained the ability to oxidize succinate. Extracts of L-cells have been shown to contain: hexoki-nase; phosphoglucose isomerase; phospho-fructokinase; aldolase; triose phosphate isomerase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, isocitric, lactic, glucose-6-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenases; pentose phosphate isomerase; adenosine triphosphatase; and pyrophosphatase. Specific activities were determined in each case. No transketolase or transaldolase activity could be detected, although pentose phosphate is utilized by the extracts.
Abstract B01: Molecular evolutionary process of malignant glioma

Malignant gliomas are devastating, incurable brain tumors, with a bleak prognosis that improved little over the past decades. Many studies have been published describing genomic and transcriptomic alterations in malignant, fully formed gliomas. However, little is known of what takes place before the malignant stage, even though transformation of a normal cell into cancer is a multi-step process and, by the malignant stage, tumor cells have become very different from their original, untransformed ancestry. To gain insight into the driving forces of glioma and develop effective treatments, one must understand the entire process of tumorigenesis, for which it will be necessary to directly characterize the cell of origin of glioma at multiple time points throughout gliomagenesis. We recently identified adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as a cell of origin for malignant gliomas using a genetic mouse model that induces mutations in p53 and NF1 , two of the most frequently mutated genes in human glioblastoma [Galvao et al ., 2014, PNAS]. To ensure the introduction of mutations into adult but not neonatal OPCs, we used NG2-CreER that can specifically induce loxP-mediated recombination upon the administration of tamoxifen. Time course analysis revealed several distinct stages of gliomagenesis, starting with a rapid but transient hyper-proliferation shortly after tamoxifen administration, followed by a long dormancy period and ending with malignant transformation. To further investigate the molecular changes during the pre-transforming stages, using the same mouse model, we developed a procedure based on laser capture microdissection to collect OPCs from the adult brain at distinct stages during gliomagenesis. We then used RNA sequencing to gain mechanistic insight into the successive stages of gliomagenesis. Our results show that, compared to tumor OPCs, the gene expression profile of pre-transforming mutant OPCs remains similar to that of wild-type OPCs, indicating that most transcriptional changes occur at the final transformation step. Interestingly, careful analysis revealed expression changes in hundreds of genes shortly after p53/NF1 mutagenesis. Using bioinformatics tools such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis (SPIA), we are currently identifying the signaling pathways most affected at each time point to gain a better understanding of the molecular evolution from mutant OPCs to malignant glioma, which could provide critical insights on how to halt or even revert that process. Citation Format: Rui P. Galvao, Susan Bassham, Thomas C. Nelson, Jason Sydes, Lauren K. Rosenfeld, William A. Cresko, Hui Zong. Molecular evolutionary process of malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr B01.
Are Coups Really Contagious? An Extreme Bounds Analysis of Political Diffusion

Protests and democratic transitions tend to spread cross-nationally. Is this true of all political events? We argue that the mechanisms underlying the diffusion of mass-participation events are unlikely to support the spread of elite-led violence, particularly coups. Further, past findings of coup contagion employed empirical techniques unable to distinguish clustering, common shocks, and actual diffusion. To investigate which events diffuse and where, we combine modern spatial dependence models with extreme bounds analysis (EBA). EBA allows for numerous modeling alternatives, including diffusion timing and the controls, and calculates the distribution of estimates across all combinations of these choices. We also examine various diffusion pathways, such as contagion among trade partners. Results from nearly 1.2 million models clearly undercut coup contagion. In comparison, we confirm that more mass-driven political events robustly spread cross-nationally. Our findings contribute to studies of political c...
An Adventure in Narrative Analysis: “A Regular Terrible Story”

As the Major-General ruefully admitted in a delightful scene in Gilbert and Sullivan’s “The Pirates of Penzance” (Act 1, Final Scene) he was not an orphan at all, not “orfen,” not ever. But in pretending to be an orphan he had saved his life by telling a “regular terrible story” to the pirates (Gilbert and Sullivan, 1994).
Universalism and Predestinarianism: A Critique of the Theological Anthropology that Undergirds Catholic Universalist Eschatology

The way one addresses the question of the possibility of universal salvation and the reality of damnation is determined by one’s understanding of the relationship between human freedom and divine g...
PATIENT-CITIZEN-CONSUMERS: JUDICIALIZATION OF HEALTH AND METAMORPHOSIS OF BIOPOLITICS

Situated at the meeting points of Law and Medicine, the "judicialization of the right to health" is a contested and hotly debated phenomenon in Brazil. While government officials and some scholars argue that it is driven by urban elites and private interests, and used primarily to access high-cost drugs, empirical evidence refute narratives depicting judicialization as a harbinger of inequity and an antagonist of the public health system. This article's quantitative and ethnographic analysis suggests, instead, that low- -income people are working through the available legal mechanisms to claim access to medical technologies and care, turning the Judiciary into a critical site of biopolitics from below. These patient-citizen-consumers are no longer waiting for medical technologies to trickle down, and judicialization has become a key instrument to hold the State accountable for workable infrastructures.
Sport Management Curriculums: A Descriptive Study of the Current Status

This paper examines the findings of a national study on professional preparation in sport management. A review of literature revealed a lack of research and a need for more studies that clearly def...
Case report of diffusely metastatic rectal GIST

This is a case report of an aggressive, diffusely disseminated Stage IV rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a 57-year-old male that presented for symptoms of malaise, constipation, and twenty pound weight loss in 2 months. Upon rectal examination, a hard 4centimeter submucosal mass was found at the 9-12 o'clock position. Liver and lung metastases were visualized on computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis on metastatic work-up. He was deemed a poor surgical candidate due to diffuse metastatic disease and referred for palliative chemotherapy. The patient had suffered a perforation of his rectal wall two weeks after his initial presentation and passed away shortly thereafter. He never received palliative chemotherapy. We present a case report as a unique case of an extremely aggressive and quickly fatal GIST tumor.
A method to assess the loss of a dipole antenna for ultra‐high‐field MRI

Purpose To describe a new bench measurement based on quality (Q) factors to estimate the coil noise relative to the sample noise of dipole antennas at 7 T. Methods Placing a dipole antenna close to a highly conductive sample surrogate (HCSS) greatly reduces radiation loss, and using QHCSS gives a more accurate estimate of coil resistance than Qunloaded. Instead of using the ratio of unloaded and sample-loaded Q factors, the ratio of HCSS-loaded and sample-loaded Q factors should be used at ultra-high fields. A series of simulations were carried out to analyze the power budget of sample-loaded or HCSS-loaded dipole antennas. Two prototype dipole antennas were also constructed for bench measurements to validate the simulations. Results Simulations showed that radiation loss was suppressed when the dipole antenna was HCSS-loaded, and coil loss was largely the same as when the dipole was loaded by the sample. Bench measurements also showed good alignment with simulations. Conclusions Using the ratio QHCSS/Qloaded gives a good estimate of the coil loss for dipole antennas at 7 T, and provides a convenient bench measurement to predict the body noise dominance of dipole antenna designs. The new approach also applies to conventional surface loop coils at ultra-high fields. Magn Reson Med 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The Influence of Harm Characteristics on Endorsement of Actions That Cause Harm

This study investigated the influence ofcharacteristics embedded in ethical dilemmas on theendorsement of actions that caused both benefits andharms. The results revealed that the identity of thetarget to be harmed and the number to be harmedinfluenced endorsement of the proposed action in theethical scenarios. Specifically, study subjects wereless likely to endorse actions that cause harm tohumans than actions that cause harm to non-humans(non-human animals and plants). Subjects indicatedthat they were less likely to endorse actions thatcause harm to many than actions that cause harm tofew.
Follow-up after gestational diabetes: a fixable gap in women's preventive healthcare

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a known harbinger of future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiac disease. This population-based study was designed to identify gaps in follow-up care relevant to prevention of T2DM in a continuously insured sample of women diagnosed with GDM. Research design and methods We analyzed data spanning 2005–2015 from OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a comprehensive, longitudinal, real-world data asset with deidentified lives across claims and clinical information, to describe patterns of preventive care after GDM. Women with GDM were followed, from 1 year preconception through 3 years postdelivery to identify individual and healthcare systems characteristics, and report on GDM-related outcomes: postpartum glucose testing, transition to primary care for monitoring, GDM recurrence, and T2DM onset. Results Among 12 622 women with GDM, we found low rates of glucose monitoring in the recommended postpartum period (5.8%), at 1 year (21.8%), and at 3 years (51%). A minority had contact with primary care postdelivery (5.7% at 6 months, 13.2% at 1 year, 40.5% at 3 years). Despite increased population risk (GDM recurrence in 52.2% of repeat pregnancies, T2DM onset within 3 years in 7.6% of the sample), 70.1% of GDM-diagnosed women had neither glucose testing nor a primary care visit at 1 year and 32.7% had neither at 3 years. Conclusions We found low rates of glucose testing and transition to primary care in this group of continuously insured women with GDM. Despite continuous insurance coverage, many women with a pregnancy complication that portends risk for future chronic illness fail to obtain follow-up testing and may have difficulty navigating between clinician specialties. Results point to a need for action to close the gap between obstetrics and primary care to ensure receipt of preventive monitoring as recommended by both the American Diabetes Association and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Cell derived extracellular matrix fibers synthesized using sacrificial hollow fiber membranes

The therapeutic potential of biological scaffolds as adjuncts to synthetic polymers motivates the engineering of fibers formed using the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by cells. To capture the ECM secreted by cells during in vitro culture, a solvent degradable hollow fiber membrane (HFM) was created and utilized as a cell culture platform. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were injected into the narrow (0.986 ± 0.042 mm) lumina of mesoporous polysulfone HFMs and maintained in culture for up to 3 weeks. Following cell culture, HFMs were dissolved using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the accumulated ECM was collected. The ECM retained the filamentous dimensions of the HFM lumen. The process yielded up to 0.89 ± 0.20 mg of ECM for every mm of HFM dissolved. Immunofluorescence, second-harmonic generation microscopy, and tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of an array of ECM constituents, including collagen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans, while FTIR spectra suggested thorough HFM material dissolution. Isolated ECM fibers, although fragile, were amenable to handling and exhibited an average elastic modulus of 34.6 ± 15.3 kPa, ultimate tensile strength of 5.2 ± 2.2 kPa, and elongation-at-break of 29% ± 18%. ECM fibers consisted of an interconnected yet porous (32.7% ± 5.8% open space) network which supported the attachment and in vitro proliferation of mammalian cells. ECM fibers were similarly synthesized using muscle and astrocyte cells, suggesting process robustness across different cell types. Ultimately, these ECM fibers could be utilized as an alternative to synthetics for the manufacture of woven meshes targeting wound healing or regenerative medicine applications.
Molecular identification of polymers and anthropogenic particles extracted from oceanic water and fish stomach - A Raman micro-spectroscopy study.

Pacific Ocean trawl samples, stomach contents of laboratory-raised fish as well as fish from the subtropical gyres were analyzed by Raman micro-spectroscopy (RMS) to identify polymer residues and any detectable persistent organic pollutants (POP). The goal was to access specific molecular information at the individual particle level in order to identify polymer debris in the natural environment. The identification process was aided by a laboratory generated automated fluorescence removal algorithm. Pacific Ocean trawl samples of plastic debris associated with fish collection sites were analyzed to determine the types of polymers commonly present. Subsequently, stomach contents of fish from these locations were analyzed for ingested polymer debris. Extraction of polymer debris from fish stomach using KOH versus ultrapure water were evaluated to determine the optimal method of extraction. Pulsed ultrasonic extraction in ultrapure water was determined to be the method of choice for extraction with minimal chemical intrusion. The Pacific Ocean trawl samples yielded primarily polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) particles >1 mm, PE being the most prevalent type. Additional microplastic residues (1 mm - 10 μm) extracted by filtration, included a polystyrene (PS) particle in addition to PE and PP. Flame retardant, deca-BDE was tentatively identified on some of the PP trawl particles. Polymer residues were also extracted from the stomachs of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean fish. Two types of polymer related debris were identified in the Atlantic Ocean fish: (1) polymer fragments and (2) fragments with combined polymer and fatty acid signatures. In terms of polymer fragments, only PE and PP were detected in the fish stomachs from both locations. A variety of particles were extracted from oceanic fish as potential plastic pieces based on optical examination. However, subsequent RMS examination identified them as various non-plastic fragments, highlighting the importance of chemical analysis in distinguishing between polymer and non-polymer residues.
A Hexamer of a Peptide Derived from Aβ16–36

The absence of high-resolution structures of amyloid oligomers constitutes a major gap in our understanding of amyloid diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide Aβ are especially important in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In many Aβ oligomers, the Aβ monomer components are thought to adopt a β-hairpin conformation. This paper describes the design and study of a macrocyclic β-hairpin peptide derived from Aβ16–36. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography studies show that the Aβ16–36 β-hairpin peptide assembles in solution to form hexamers, trimers, and dimers. X-ray crystallography reveals that the peptide assembles to form a hexamer in the crystal state and that the hexamer is composed of dimers and trimers. Lactate dehydrogenase release assays show that the oligomers formed by the Aβ16–36 β-hairpin peptide are toxic toward neuronally derived SH-SY5Y cells. Replica-exchange molecular dynamics demonstr...
Damage in a Distal Radius Fracture Model Treated With Locked Volar Plating After Simulated Postoperative Loading.

Purpose "Damage" is an engineering term defining a period between a state of material perfection and the onset of crack initiation. Clinically, it is a loss of fixation due to microstructural breakdown, indirectly measured as a reduction of stiffness of the bone-implant construct, normalized by the cross-sectional area and length of the bone. The purpose of this study was to characterize damage in a cadaver model of extra-articular distal radius fracture with dorsal comminution treated using 2-column volar distal radius plates. Methods Ten matched distal radii were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I specimens were treated with a volar distal radius plate with an independent, 2-tiered scaffold design; group II specimens (contralateral limbs) were treated with a volar plate with a single-head design for enhanced ulnar buttressing. Specimens were cyclically loaded to simulate a 6-month postoperative load-bearing period. We report damage after a defined protocol of cyclical loading and load to failure simulating a fall on an outstretched hand. Results Group II specimens experienced more damage under cyclic loading conditions than group I specimens. Group I specimens were stiffer than group II specimens under load-to-failure conditions. Ultimate force at failure in group I and group II specimens was not different. Specimens failed by plate bending (group I, n = 6/10; group II, n = 2/10) and fracture of the lunate facet (group I, n = 4/10; group II, n = 8/10). Conclusions Group I specimens had less screw cutout at the lunate facet than group II specimens under cyclic loading as indicated by lower damage measures and fewer facet fractures during load-to-failure testing. The overall strength of the construct is not affected by plate design. Clinical relevance Microstructural damage or a loss of fixation due to an overly rigid volar plate design may cause malunion or nonunion of fracture fragments and lead to bone-implant instability.
Value Allocations: An Exposition

Among the most interesting of economic problems is the question of how commodities and wealth become allocated among individuals. At its simplest, an economy may be thought of as a collection of agents who meet and trade commodities with each other. In the absence of coersion, trade will occur only if agents are able to mutually agree upon the terms of trade. A fundamental part of economic theory is the study of the bargaining process that underlies this search for agreement.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Magnetic Impurities in Metals

Monte Carlo simulations can provide results for thermodynamic properties and correlation functions of strongly correlated electron systems that are essentially exact. We discuss here application of these techniques to the study of one and two magnetic impurities in an electron gas, as well as some results for lattice systems.
Reading Emotion of Color Environments: Computer Simulations with Self-Reports and Physiological Signals

The affective experience of a color environment has rarely been tested in actual physical settings. In addition to the challenges of manipulating and controlling colors in a real-world setting, an environment with multiple attributes and colors is more difficult to empirically study. Advanced computer graphic technology allows photorealistic representations of an environment, with the ability to control visual attributes and manipulate colors in the environment. Using Kobayashis color image scale (CIS) theory (Kobayashi in Color Res Appl 6:93–107, 1981) [1] and multimodal measures of user experience based on the interaction of emotion and cognition in processing visual messages, this study explores the feasibility of this framework for future research in color emotions. Ultimately, this study aims to support decision makers of commercial and health-care environments with a more reliable and empirical basis for user experience.
Experiments in Multicriteria Decision Making and What we can Learn from them: An Example

Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods differ widely in the purposes they serve, their ease of use and theoretical soundness, and the evaluations they yield. The wide variety of methods available bewilders potential users, resulting in inappropriate matching of methods and problems and unnecessary user dissatisfaction. Experiments which apply different methods to the same problem can clarify how methods differ in ease of use and theoretical validity and by showing when choice of method significantly affects decisions. Although such experiments have been useful, better designed experiments that address neglected issues would teach us even more. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what can be learned from experiments in MCDM. To illustrate their potentials and limitations, results from an experimental comparison of MCDM methods in power plant siting are analyzed.