cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of apathetic motivation on employees' intentions to use social media for businesses

Abstract Businesses benefit when employees use social-media technologies to connect with stakeholders, but extant evidence indicates mixed results in getting employees to do it. We propose part of the explanation stems from apathetic motivation among employees; we investigate whether apathetic motivation appears at the other end of the spectrum of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, or whether it varies independent of other motivations. We find evidence that apathetic, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivations appear as distinct motivations and can all coexist at times—that some individuals who report high intrinsic or extrinsic motivations also report high apathetic motivation, and there are significant interaction terms. Furthermore, the relationship between intention to use and actual usage appears to be amplified in the case of individuals in marketing/sales versus diminished in the case of individuals in other departments, consistent with the idea that the customer-facing nature of some jobs impacts intention to use social media technologies.
Small Wind Energy Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter explains small wind energy systems. Almost non-existent 10 years ago, wind energy has become a significant production of electricity and an authenticated energy, with a rated power more than 10,000 MW installed in the world. The big and the small power wind energy ignored each other for a very long time. But their meeting enables to create a new size in wind energy: the medium power wind energy, the field of action of VERGNET. With wind turbines from 2 to 200 kW, VERGNET wind plants can meet electrical needs ranging from a few kWh/day to several MW h/day, to power remote houses and isolated collectivities in difficult locations with high dependence on energy. They can operate either on autonomous mode or connected to a diesel-powered grid with high-energy penetration. These small wind turbines can easily be shipped and installed in any rural location or island anywhere in the world, with light lifting means, whatever the climate is. Their design is very simple, reliable, to provide best energy service to end-users with low maintenance constraints and costs. Supplying reliable energy to these isolated populations contributes to their sustainable development. Maintenance is simple and can be performed by local staff.
Evaluating Longitudinal Mathematics Achievement Growth Modeling and Measurement Considerations for Assessing Academic Progress

Accurately measuring and modeling academic achievement growth is critical to support educational policy and practice. Using a nationally representative longitudinal data set, this study compared various models of mathematics achievement growth on the basis of both practical utility and optimal statistical fit and explored relationships within and between early and later mathematics growth parameters. Common patterns included a summer lag in achievement between kindergarten and Grade 1 and an association between achievement at kindergarten entry and later achievement. Notably, there were no statistically significant relationships between early and later rates of growth, and there was minimal variability in achievement growth in the late elementary and middle school grades. Challenges related to assessing academic achievement in the middle grades and modeling academic skill development are discussed.
How do operating conditions affect As(III) removal by iron electrocoagulation

Iron electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) has been shown to effectively remove arsenic from contaminated groundwater at low cost and has the potential to improve access to safe drinking water for millions of people. Understanding how operating conditions, such as the Fe dosage rate and the O2 recharge rate, affect arsenic removal at different pH values is crucial to maximize the performance of Fe-EC under economic constraints. In this work, we improved upon an existing computational model to investigate the combined effects of pH, Fe dosage rate, and O2 recharge rate on arsenic removal in Fe-EC. We showed that the impact of the Fe dosage rate strongly depends on pH and on the O2 recharge rate, which has important practical implications. We identified the process limiting arsenic removal (As(III) oxidation versus As(V) adsorption) at different pH values, which allowed us to interpret the effect of operating conditions on Fe-EC performance. Finally, we assessed the robustness of the trends predicted by the model, which assumes a constant pH, against lab experiments reproducing more realistic conditions where pH is allowed to drift during treatment as a result of equilibration with atmospheric CO2. Our results provide a nuanced understanding of how operating conditions impact arsenic removal by Fe-EC and can inform decisions regarding the operation of this technology in a range of groundwaters.
Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 55076 harbours the largest actinomycete chromosome to date and the kistamicin biosynthetic gene cluster

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) have served as potent clinical drugs and as an inspiration to chemists in various disciplines. Among known GPAs, complestatin, chloropeptin, and kistamicin are unique in that they contain an unusual indole–phenol crosslink. The mechanism of formation of this linkage is unknown, and to date, the biosynthetic gene cluster of only one GPA with an indole–phenol crosslink, that of complestatin, has been identified. Here, we report the genome sequence of the kistamicin producer Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 55076. We find that this strain harbours the largest actinobacterial chromosome to date, consisting of a single linear chromosome of ∼13.1 Mbp. AntiSMASH analysis shows that ∼32 biosynthetic gene clusters and ∼10% of the genome are devoted to production of secondary metabolites, which include 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine and nomuricin, a new anthraquinone-type pentacyclic compound that we report herein. The kistamicin gene cluster (kis) was identified bioinformatically. A unique feature of kis is that it contains two cytochrome P450 enzymes, which likely catalyze three crosslinking reactions. These findings set the stage for examining the biosynthesis of kistamicin and its unusual indole–phenol crosslink in the future.
Virtual characterization for exhaustive DFM evaluation of logic cell libraries

Local layout effects create pattern dependencies at the 16nm node and below that make prediction of functional and parametric yield increasingly challenging. For logic design, precharacterizing all possible neighboring patterns is impractical due to exponential complexity, and silicon characterization is practically impossible. In this paper we propose a virtual characterization vehicle (VCV) methodology that can exhaustively identify all unique occurring layout patterns as a function of a radius of influence. VCVs compile the pattern frequency and enable exposure of hotspot patterns created by cell abutment. The VCV results can be used to guide the design and selection of cell library patterns and composition based on the corresponding impact on DFM metrics. Our results are demonstrated on a 14nm commercial cell library and results show how DFM quality can be improved with minimal impact on performance.
Impact of Health Care Insurance Status on Treatment Outcomes of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Introduction Insurance status has been found to influence treatment outcomes in various solid tumors. Limited data with conflicting results are available in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We examined the impact of health insurance at diagnosis on AML treatment outcomes. Patients and Methods All consecutive adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) diagnosed with AML between 2002 and 2011 and followed through August 2013 were included. Survival estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to explore the influence of multiple baseline covariates on treatment outcomes. Results A total of 217 patients with complete medical records were identified. Of these, 161 patients had complete cytogenetic/molecular data for risk stratification and were included in the final efficacy analyses. Most patients (45.8%) were publicly insured, 36.3% were privately insured, and 17.3% were uninsured. No significant association was found between insurance source and cytogenetic/molecular risk status. Transplantation information was available for 157 patients, with no significant association found between transplant receipt and insurance source. After adjustment for age, cytogenetic/molecular risk, and transplant receipt, we found no statistically significant association between the insurance source and either event-free or overall survival. Conclusion Insurance source at diagnosis has no impact on AML treatment outcomes. The consistency of our results with some, but not all, studies is probably driven primarily by access-to-care eligibility requirements among different states. Further efforts to better understand such disparities are warranted.
The importance of dynamic mercury water column concentrations on body burdens in a planktivorous fish: a bioenergetic and mercury mass balance perspective.

Abstract Bioenergetic algorithms and mercury (Hg) mass balance approaches are combined into a single modeling framework (BioHg) to investigate sensitivity of methylmercury (MeHg) levels in Sacramento blackfish ( Orthodon microlepidotus ), a planktivorous cyprinid, as a function of dissolved water column concentrations of methylmercury ( DMeHg ). Boundary condition DMeHg are defined using observed Carson River contributions to Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada (USA). Influxes of DMeHg have a seasonal mean of 0.65 ± 0.21 ng/L (January) to 2.48 ± 1.53 ng/L (August) and blackfish concentrations in Lahontan Reservoir exceed health criterion for human consumption of MeHg by nearly three-fold. Model parameterization relies on laboratory and field data specific to the blackfish to calibrate allometric coefficients related to consumption, respiration, specific dynamic action, egestion, excretion, and spawning. Actual consumption is reliant on feeding strategies, prey selectivity, filtering efficiency, and prey availability. BioHg is able to capture trends in observed growth and wet weight MeHg concentrations in blackfish. MeHg concentrations are obtained in the first year and maintained throughout the lifespan of the fish, with growth dilution an important processes limiting continued increases in MeH g concentrations through time. Model results indicate that coupling dynamic DMeHg influxes with periods of maximum plankton growth and maximum fish consumption rates increases fish concentrations by 50% and is a better predictor of observed concentrations in comparison to a constant DMeHg condition. Additionally, peak MeHg concentration in fish is directly correlated to maximum DMeHg . Simulated phase shifts in DMeHg decouples modeled processes and MeHg fish concentration estimates decrease by 50%. BioHg highlights that both the magnitude and timing of DMeHg are important predictors of MeHg accumulation in a planktivourous fish.
Black and White discrimination in the United States: Evidence from an archive of survey experiment studies:

This study reports results from a new analysis of 17 survey experiment studies that permitted assessment of racial discrimination, drawn from the archives of the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences. For White participants (n=10 435), pooled results did not detect a net discrimination for or against White targets, but, for Black participants (n=2781), pooled results indicated the presence of a small-to-moderate net discrimination in favor of Black targets; inferences were the same for the subset of studies that had a political candidate target and the subset of studies that had a worker or job applicant target. These results have implications for understanding racial discrimination in the United States, and, given that some of the studies have never been fully reported on in a journal or academic book, the results also suggest the need for preregistration to reduce or eliminate publication bias in racial discrimination studies.
Analytic Gradient Computation for Bounded-Impulse Trajectory Models Using Two-Sided Shooting.

Many optimization methods require accurate partial derivative information in order to ensure efficient, robust, and accurate convergence. This work outlines analytic methods for computing the problem Jacobian for two different bounded-impulse spacecraft trajectory models solved using two-sided shooting. The specific two-body Keplerian propagation method used by both of these models is described. Methods for incorporating realistic operational constraints and hardware models at the preliminary stage of a trajectory design effort are also demonstrated and the analytic methods derived are tested for accuracy using automatic differentiation. A companion paper will solve several relevant problems that show the utility of employing analytic derivatives, i.e. compared to using derivatives found using finite differences.
Mesopotamian Cuneiform Script

The cuneiform writing system, first developed to render administrative, and then more extensive genres of texts in Sumerian, gradually evolved from a loose pictographic to a complex, rigorously defined mixed logographic-syllabic writing system. Lasting roughly from the end of the 4th millennium b.c.e. down to the 1st century c.e. , it became widespread over ancient western Asia, and was the vehicle of written expression for a number of languages in that area during that period: Akkadian, Hittite, Elamite, Hurrian, and Urartian.
Early detection of ischemic injury: comparison of spectroscopy, diffusion-, T2-, and magnetic susceptibility-weighted MRI in cats.

Within one hour following MCA-occlusion in cats, heavily diffusion-weighted spin-echo MR images exhibited a well-defined hyperintensity in the gray matter and basal ganglia of the occluded side over normal side. This hyperintensity correlated with lactate and inorganic phosphate increases in peak areas from MR surface coil spectroscopy. T2-weighted MRI showed no significant abnormality in signal intensity from the occluded hemisphere within several hours post-occlusion. Using a paramagnetic MR contrast agent, dysprosium-DTPA-BMA together with heavily T2-weighted spin-echo or with T2*-weighted echo-planar (EPI) MR imaging, perfusion deficits resulting from MCA-occlusion were detected as a relative hyperintensity of ischaemic tissues compared to normally-perfused cerebral tissues in the contralateral hemisphere. Evidence of these deficits was observed within minutes of occlusion, and spatially correlated well with the hyperintensity seen on the diffusion-weighted images.
The role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli . Glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of glutamine, occupies a central position in nitrogen metabolism for enteric bacteria. Therefore, it is a strategic target for rigorous cellular control. The extensive work of Stadtman and collaborators has shown that the posttranslational modification of GS involves two nucleotidylation cycles, namely, adenylylation and deadenylylation of GS, and uridylylation and deuridylylation of a regulatory protein. The synthesis of GS is also regulated in response to the availability of ammonia by a complex mechanism that is not clearly understood yet. The studies on uridylyltransferase and adenylyltransferase have been hampered by difficulties in obtaining homogeneous preparations of catalytically active enzymes. The regulation of GS activity involves two nucleotidylation cycles: (1) the uridylylation cycle of P II and (2) the adenylylation cycle of GS. These are catalyzed by two converter enzymes: uridylyltransferase and adenylyltransferase, respectively. The converter enzymes sense the fluctuation in the availability of nitrogen and accordingly regulate the activity of GS.
PGE2 signaling via the neuronal EP2 receptor increases injury in a model of cerebral ischemia

The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the role of PGE2 EP2 signaling in a model of stroke in which the initial cerebral ischemic event is followed by an extended poststroke inflammatory response. Myeloid lineage cell-specific EP2 knockdown in Cd11bCre;EP2lox/lox mice attenuated brain infiltration of Cd11b+CD45hi macrophages and CD45+Ly6Ghi neutrophils, indicating that inflammatory EP2 signaling participates in the poststroke immune response. Inducible global deletion of the EP2 receptor in adult ROSA26-CreERT2 (ROSACreER);EP2lox/lox mice also reduced brain myeloid cell trafficking but additionally reduced stroke severity, suggesting that nonimmune EP2 receptor-expressing cell types contribute to cerebral injury. EP2 receptor expression was highly induced in neurons in the ischemic hemisphere, and postnatal deletion of the neuronal EP2 receptor in Thy1Cre;EP2lox/lox mice reduced cerebral ischemic injury. These findings diverge from previous studies of congenitally null EP2 receptor mice where a global deletion increases cerebral ischemic injury. Moreover, ROSACreER;EP2lox/lox mice, unlike EP2-/- mice, exhibited normal learning and memory, suggesting a confounding effect from congenital EP2 receptor deletion. Taken together with a precedent that inhibition of EP2 signaling is protective in inflammatory neurodegeneration, these data lend support to translational approaches targeting the EP2 receptor to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury that occur after stroke.
The FPOA, a Medium-grained Reconfigurable Architecture for High-level Synthesis

In this article, we present a novel type of medium-grained reconfigurable architecture that we term the Field Programmable Operation Array (FPOA). This device has been designed specifically for the implementation of HLS-generated circuitry. At the core of the FPOA is the OP-block. Unlike a standard LUT, an OP-block performs multi-bit operations through gate-based logic structures, translating into greater speed and efficiency in digital circuit implementation. Our device is not optimized for a specific application domain. Rather, we have created a device that is optimized for a specific circuit structure, namely those generated by HLS. This gives the FPOA a significant advantage as it can be used across all application domains. In this work, we add support for both distributed and block memory to the FPOA architecture. Experimental results show up to a 13.5× reduction in logic area and a 9.5× reduction in critical path delay for circuit implementation using the FPOA compared to a standard FPGA.
Paradigms and Paradoxes: Additive trends in the absolute entropy of monoxides and homonuclear diatomic molecules

In general, entropy is not additive for the system of a single molecule. We show this by demonstrating that the entropy of a monoxide species, before and after subtracting contributions from electronic degeneracies, is in general not equal to the arithmetic mean of the entropies of the corresponding homonuclear diatomic and O2. This calculation is done with 24 elements for which reliable experimental data could verify both the absolute entropy and ground electronic state.
Delirium After Primary Neurological Injury

The current literature available on delirium after primary neurologic injury (PNI) is not as robust as that for other critically ill patients, but the emerging literature suggests similar findings to non-neurologically injured delirium cohorts hailing from medical and/or surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Delirium is measurable after PNI with reasonable test characteristics for a number of existing delirium assessment tools. After PNI, there is a significant impact of delirium on hospital and ICU length of stay, as well as cognitive and functional outcomes, but delirium’s impact on mortality in PNI is uncertain. The best data are in poststroke delirium, with a significant paucity of large prospective studies in patients with traumatic brain injury. Further work needs to be done both on confirming the outcomes of delirium and potentially different subsets of risk factors in patients with PNI, as well as the development of delirium assessment methods tailored to patients with altered language processing and visuospatial deficits from their underlying brain injury.
Cancer Initiation, Promotion, and Progression and the Acquisition of Key Behavioral Traits

The development of cancer is a slow, stepwise process, typically taking many years to several decades. The process starts with an initiation mutation in a driver gene in an adult stem cell. The initiated cell becomes a clone when it is stimulated to divide, a step in the process called promotion. The initiating mutation typically makes the cell more susceptible to mutation. Therefore, as the initiated clone expands, random cells within it acquire additional mutations, forming unique subclones. This continues again and again over time as the nascent cancer grows, a protracted phase of cancer development called progression. The acquisition of new mutations accelerates as elements of mutation repair machinery themselves become mutated and dysfunctional. The rate of growth is also accelerated due to mutations in the cell division signaling systems of the cells. During its early development, a cancer is invisible and acquisition undetectable, unless cells or tissues are acquired and examined microscopically. As the cancer grows, it acquires mutation-driven changes in both form and function. For developing carcinomas, by far the most common type of human cancer, the changes in form manifest themselves as deviations from normal cell size, shape, and orientation. The early changes in cell morphology are known as dysplasia. The aberration become progressively more pronounced, from mild to severe dysplasia, until they have all of morphological characteristics of a malignant neoplasm, the most common characteristic of which is cell-to-cell heterogeneity. At this stage, the neoplasm confined to its anatomical niche of origin in the epithelium and is called carcinoma in situ. With further progression, the neoplasm acquires new traits and capabilities that allow the neoplasm to overtake and destroy normal tissue. It invades the tissue beneath the epithelium of origin, invades into lymphatic and/or blood vessels, and survives in either the low-pressure lymphatic or the high-pressure blood circulatory system or both. These circulatory systems carry the malignant cells to other sites in the body, either the regional draining lymph nodes via the lymphatics or distant organs and tissues via the blood. The cells then exit the vessel and establish new colonies of neoplastic cells that proceed to invade and destroy the tissue in the new site. This process is called metastasis. By the time the cancer has succeeded in metastasizing to distant body sites, it is highly heterogeneous, resistant to treatment, and highly likely to be lethal. This chapter describes the process of cancer development in detail, explaining the changes that occur on a molecular, morphological, and behavioral level.
Legal Reform in English Renaissance Literature

This book investigates rhetorical and representational practices that were used to monitor English law at the turn of the seventeenth century.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for treating post-stroke depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

To compare the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on depressive symptoms in people after stroke. A literature search was performed through databases from January 2000 to August 2018...
Prevalence of Tracheoesophageal Anomaly Cases among Neonates Undergoing Surgery in a Tertiary Care Childrenâ€™s Hospital.

Introduction: Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is the abnormal communication between trachea and oesophagus. The most common type of tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is oesophageal atreasia with distal tracheo oesophageal fistula. Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is a common neonatal problem requiring an urgent surgery. Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly can be diagnosed as an isolated malformation or as part of polymalformative syndrome with possible vertebrae anomalies also known as Vacterl syndrome. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of tracheo-oesophageal anomaly cases among neonates undergoing surgery in a tertiary care childrens hospital in Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care childrenâ€™s hospital in Nepal taking into account the medical records from period of 01 Jan, 2018 to Dec 31, 2019. Study population included the infants undergoing operative procedure in the operation theatre of Kanti Childrenâ€™s Hospital. The calculated sample size was 306. Data was collected by retrospective chart review technique and listed in performa. Consecutive sampling technique was used. Thus collected data was entered in SPSS version 20 and necessary calculations were done. Results: The prevalence of tracheo-oesophageal anomalies was found out to be 30 (9.8%) at 95% confidence interval. The most common problem, with which infants were brought to Kanti Childrenâ€™s Hospital, that required urgent neonatal surgical intervention was anorectal malformation constituting 94 (30.72%) of the surgeries followed by intestinal obstruction 76 (24.84%) which included duodenal atresia, jujunal atresia and ileal atresia. Conclusions: Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly constitutes a major portion of neonatal disease condition requiring surgery in Nepal.
Support vector subset scan for spatial pattern detection

Abstract Discovery of localized and irregularly shaped anomalous patterns in spatial data provides useful context for operational decisions across many policy domains. The support vector subset scan (SVSS) integrates the penalized fast subset scan with a kernel support vector machine classifier to accurately detect spatial clusters without imposing hard constraints on the shape or size of the pattern. The method iterates between (1) efficiently maximizing a penalized log-likelihood ratio over subsets of locations to obtain an anomalous pattern, and (2) learning a high-dimensional decision boundary between locations included in and excluded from the anomalous subset. On each iteration, location-specific penalties to the log-likelihood ratio are assigned according to distance to the decision boundary, encouraging patterns which are spatially compact but potentially highly irregular in shape. SVSS outperforms competing methods for spatial cluster detection at the task of detecting randomly generated patterns in simulated experiments. SVSS enables discovery of practically-useful anomalous patterns for disease surveillance in Chicago, IL, crime hotspot detection in Portland, OR, and pothole cluster detection in Pittsburgh, PA, as demonstrated by experiments using publicly available data sets from these domains.
Effect of tactile stimulation on lingual motor function in pediatric lingual dysphagia.

The study by Lamm et al. [1] consisted of 45 patients who did not swallow because of multiple congenital anomalies and gastroenterologic dysfunctions before and after corrective surgery and who also had histories of unsuccessful traditional feeding intervention. The purpose of their study was to ‘‘(1) isolate the specific regional mechanical functions of the tongue during swallowing; (2) identify the specific controlling variables that induce physiologic mechanical actions as varied tongue positions and tone during a swallow in young children fed through artificial means who had not swallowed food before treatment; (3) replicate (our) 26 preliminary results of inducing and maintaining a swallow reflex across a large number of young children with lingual dysphagia; and (4) provide an alternative procedure to surgical gastrostomy placement and removal of gastrostomy button or nasogastric tube.’’ The various procedures implemented were found to be ‘‘useful across the board for all patients with severe dysphagia.’’ The various procedures employed resulted in independent swallows in 96% or 43 of 45 of the patients studied, with 42 of the 45 patients also demonstrating a 100% transfer from gastrostomy or nasogastric tube feedings to oral hydration and nutrition. Lamm et al. concluded that the various procedures they implemented ‘‘although intense and lengthy in systematic components, yield prudent results in 5–7 days of inpatient treatment. They are feasible for patients with lingual dysphagia who do not swallow and for whom aspiration is a real danger. These outcomes provide an empiric preventative procedure to surgical gastrostomy placement and may facilitate the timely removal of a gastrostomy button and nasogastric tube in candidate patients.’’ The members of the Pediatric Swallowing Disorders and Oral Feeding Clinic programs at the Children’s Hospital, Denver, CO, were intrigued by Lamm et al. article [1]. The level of success detailed in the article in transforming nonoral feeders into full oral feeders over a five-day span is nothing short of astounding. To our knowledge it is not an achievement that is mirrored in other behavioral feeding programs currently operating within the United States nor is it an achievement that our own feeding program has been able to obtain. Despite the impressive outcomes described, there were aspects of this article that are of concern and/or contrary to our clinical experience for which we seek clarification, specifically:
Risk of secondary malignancies in ovarian cancer survivors: 52,680 patients analyzed with over 40 years of follow-up.

Abstract Objective Survivors of ovarian cancer are at risk of developing a secondary malignancy (SM). We sought to evaluate the risk of developing SM, stratified by treatment modality. Methods Standardized incidence ratios (SIR, observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio) were assessed in 52,680 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between 1975 and 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Results Of the 52,680 patients, 3366 patients (6.4%) developed SM, which was more than the endemic rate (O/E 1.13; p Conclusions This is the largest study to examine the risk of SM in patients with ovarian cancer and has the longest follow-up. Risk of SM was increased after ovarian cancer and varied with treatment modality, race, latency, and age. These results may help inform SM screening protocols for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
FINRA's Dispute Resolution Pandemic Response

In March 2020, FINRA began to transition its dispute resolution services to meet the needs of consumers and the securities industry while in the middle of a global pandemic. This paper details the ways in which FINRA was well prepared for the transition, as well as notes some difficulties in providing services in a new way. Ultimately, the paper encourages FINRA to maintain some online services, provide more training for neutrals, and evaluate online services for effectiveness and improvement.
Book Review: Divine Transcendence and the Culture of Change by David H. Hopper

Review of Divine Transcendence and a Culture of Change by David H. Hopper. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011. xiii 262 pp. $35.
Ecologías queer caribeñas y capitalismo del desastre en La mucama de Omicunlé (2015) de Rita Indiana

This article analyzes Rita Indiana’s novel La mucama de Omicunle (Dominican Republic, 2015) from the perspective of queer ecologies. This approach seeks to dismantle normative conceptions of sexuality and nature through discourses and practices that articulate the relationships between human and non-human bodies from a fundamentally non-evolutionary, non-reproductive and multi-species perspective. La mucama de Omicunle offers a unique opportunity to explore this approach by presenting an eco-political conspiracy plot -involving transgender characters, Afro-Caribbean rituals, magical animals, and time travel- to save the Caribbean Sea from a maritime disaster in the Dominican Republic. All this is framed in the context of the Caribbean, where the historical exploitation of nature intersects with the potentiality of this insular space to question the logics of disaster capitalism and imagine dissident and alternative ways of experiencing the body, sexuality, and the defense of the environment.
Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Scoping Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Association with Outcomes, and Treatment

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, has important clinical ramifications. We aimed to map the existing literature about prevalence, risk factors, associated adverse outcomes, and treatment of sarcopenia in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant articles published from databases' inception to September 2019. Individuals with CKD, regardless of their disease stage and their comorbidities, were included. Only studies with sarcopenia diagnosed using both muscle mass and function, based on published consensus definitions, were included. For studies on treatment, only randomized controlled trials with at least one sarcopenia parameter as an outcome were included. Our search yielded 1318 articles, of which 60 from were eligible for this review. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 4 to 42% according to the definition used, population studied, and the disease stage. Several risk factors for sarcopenia were identified including age, male gender, low BMI, malnutrition, and high inflammatory status. Sarcopenia was found to be associated with several adverse outcomes, including disabilities, hospitalizations, and mortality. In CKD subjects, several therapeutic interventions have been assessed in randomized controlled trial with a muscle mass, strength, or function endpoint, however, studies focusing on sarcopenic CKD individuals are lacking. The key interventions in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in CKD seem to be aerobic and resistance exercises along with nutritional interventions. Whether these interventions are effective to treat sarcopenia and prevent clinical consequences in this population remains to be fully determined.
An Introduction to the Letters of Malachi Malagrowther on the Currency

In 1826 the famous novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott entered an economic policy debate. Adopting a pseudonym, his Letters … from Malachi Malagrowther, Esq., on the Proposed Change of Currency fiercely defended the Scottish banking system from a British government proposal to ban banknotes under five pounds. Scholars have noted the Letters’ appeal to Scottish nationalism, but have little examined their economic arguments. After providing background on Scott, the government’s proposal, and Scott’s motivation, I spell out and evaluate the pamphlets’ main economic arguments. Malagrowther built cogently on Adam Smith’s explanation of how the voluntary substitution of paper banknotes for specie in circulation enhances an economy’s stock of productive capital. The Letters ignited Scottish public opinion, and the government decided to exempt Scotland from the small note ban. The present essay was prepared as an introduction to a new edition of the Letters to be published by the American Institute for Economic Research.
Computer Generated News Site – TIME.mk

The Internet has broken down the barriers that exist between people and information, effectively democratizing access to human knowledge. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the world of news. According to a recent survey news browsing and searching is one of the most important internet activity. The huge amount of news available on line reflects the users need for a plurality of information and opinions. We believe that more information means more choice, more freedom and ultimately more power for people. TIME.mk is our attempt to connect users with the most important current news stories. It pulls together the most reported stories on its front page so that users do not have to examine the web for up-to-date stories. In this paper we present the architecture of TIME.mk and describe all the details of its functioning.
Phagocytosis of Particulate Activators of the Alternative Complement Pathway: Effects of Fibronectin

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses primarily on nonimmune ligand–receptor interactions that mediate phagocytosis by mononuclear cells and secondarily on the cellular metabolites produced during the ingestive phase. In the absence of serum, human monocytes ingest unopsonized erythrocytes from rabbits (E r ), from two species of mice (E m ), but not those from sheep (E s ) and guinea pigs (E gp ). The capacity of E r and E m to initiate a monocyte phagocytic response directly parallels their capacity to activate the plasma proteins of the human alternative complement pathway; E s and E gp do not activate this pathway. Monocyte ingestion of E s is greater than that of desialated E s but ingestion of both is reduced in a comparable dose-dependent fashion by the same low concentrations of trypsin that reduce monocyte ingestion of zymosan. The capacity of fibronectin to function as an opsonin was initially described that a plasma protein termed opsonic α 2 -globulin protein or opsonic α 2 -surface binding glycoprotein promoted uptake of gelatin-containing lipid emulsions by rat liver slices. It was later demonstrated that this protein is identical to plasma fibronectin. Both proteins have molecular weights of 440,000, comparable amino acid compositions, and identical antigenic determinants. The opsonic effects of intact plasma fibronectin have generally been studied with four test particles: E s , formalin-treated E S , modified latex beads, and lipid emulsions.
Modelling daily streamflow at ungauged catchments: what information is necessary?

Rainfall–runoff modelling at ungauged catchments often involves the transfer of calibrated model parameters from ‘donor’ gauged catchments. However, in any rainfall–runoff model, some parameters tend to be more sensitive to the objective function, whereas others are insensitive over their entire feasible range. In this paper, we analyse the effect of selectively transferring sensitive versus insensitive parameters on streamflow predictability at ungauged catchments. We develop a simple daily time-step rainfall–runoff model [exponential bucket hydrologic model (EXP-HYDRO)] and calibrate it at 756 catchments within the continental USA. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of (NS) is used as the objective function. The model simulates satisfactorily at 323 catchments (NS > 0.6), most of which are located in the eastern part of the USA, along the Rocky Mountain Range, and near the western Pacific coast. Of the six calibration parameters, only three parameters are found to be sensitive to NS. Two of these parameters control the hydrograph recession behaviour of a catchment, and the third parameter controls the snowmelt rate. We find that when only sensitive parameters are transferred, model performance at ungauged catchments is almost at par with that of transferring all six parameters. Conversely, the transfer of only insensitive parameters results in a significant deterioration in model performance. Results suggest that streamflow predictability at ungauged catchments using rainfall–runoff models is largely dependent on the transfer of a small subset of parameters. We recommend that, in any modelling framework, such parameters should be identified and further characterized to better understand the information controlling streamflow predictability at ungauged catchments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information Systems Research at the Crossroads: External Versus Internal Views

The advent of the third millennium provides the backdrop for exploring the current intellectual stage of IS research in both substance and matters of research methods. The paper first identifies and reflects upon two key aspects that have shaped our discipline for the past three decades and are critical for us as a community to get right if the discipline is to flourish. These aspects surround: (1) the external view of the state of the community and (2) the internal state of the community. It is our contention that, in both areas, the discipline faces significant problems. In the second part of the paper, we identify some promising steps to be taken next in IS research and its institutionalization as we cross the millennium threshold.
Bcl-xL in Prostate Cancer Cells: Effects of Overexpression and Down-Regulation on Chemosensitivity

Both Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, antiapoptotic members of the Bcl family, are found in prostate cancer cell lines. Although these proteins may have similar antiapoptotic functions, it is not clear to what extent each serves as an antiapoptotic effector in prostate cancer cells. We engineered LNCaP and PC-3 cells to overexpress Bcl-xL protein and demonstrated that this desensitized them to the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We then used two "antisense" strategies to down-regulate Bcl-xL protein expression in the parental lines. The first strategy used C5-propynylated phosphoro- thioate-phosphodiester oligonucleotides and co-down-regulated both Bcl-xL and Bcl-2; the second strategy used isosequential "gap-mer" phos- phorothioate oligonucleotides containing 2*-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides at the 3* and 5* termini. In this case, only Bcl-xL protein expression was affected. The most active oligonucleotides of both types decreased the level of Bcl-xL protein expression to 5-30% of the control level. Multiple controls were inactive. Experiments combining oligonucleotide treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, vinblastine, carboplatin, and mitoxantrone) demonstrated a marked in- crease in the sensitivity of these prostate cancer cells. However, the increase in chemosensitivity in PC-3 cells was statistically identical (except mitoxantrone) for both "antisense" strategies, indicating that basal ex- pression of Bcl-2, in contrast to that of Bcl-xL, may play little cytopro- tective role in these cells.
George Eliot's Intellectual Life

Introduction 1. The 'evangelical': starting out in a Christian culture 2. The apostate: moving beyond the Christian mythos 3. The journalist: editing, reviewing, shaping a worldview 4. The Germanist: balancing the counterweight of German thinkers 5. The novelist: mixing realism, naturalism and myth-making 6. The historian: tracking the idealistic - utopian and national - in Romola and The Spanish Gypsy 7. The 'radical': taking an anti-political stance in Felix Holt 8. The encyclopaedist: transcending the past in Middlemarch 9. The visionary: transmitting ideals in Daniel Deronda 10. The intellectual: cultural critique in Impressions of Theophrastus Such Works cited Index.
Cellular Effects of UVA: DNA Damages

Ultraviolet radiation between 320 nm and visible light (UVA) is a major component of both solar radiation and suntan lamps, which are being increasingly used in tanning booths. UVA has generally been considered innocuous, partially because DNA does not absorb appreciably in this region (Sutherland and Griffin, 1981). UVB radiation (290–320 nm), however, has widely been considered to be the major etiological factor in human skin carcinogenesis caused by solar UV radiation (Setlow, 1974 Parrish et al. 1978). Largely because DNA absorbs photons of UVB, which is known to produce thymine photoproducts (cyclobutane dimers and adducts). Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are particularly prone to solar-UV-induced skin cancer, and cells derived from these people lack the ability to repair pyrimidine photoproducts by excision (Cleaver et al. 1984 Cleaver, 1987), evidence that pyrimidine photoproducts might play a role in carcinogenesis in certain specialized situations. Normal cells have the ability to repair these UVB-induced lesions (Mitchell, 1988a,b). However, UVA is considerably more penetrating and abundant than UVB, and Tyrrell and Pidoux (1987) have performed a spectral analysis claiming that 20–60% (depending upon the solar zenith angle) of the toxic biological effects of solar radiation can be attributed to UVA. The known mutagenic effects of UVA radiations (reviewed by Peak and Peak, in press) provides motivation for studying DNA changes that might be effected by this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The following is a summary of the use of sensitive alkaline and neutral elution DNA filter assays to reveal and quantify various DNA damages resulting from exposures of human cells to isolated monochromatic UVB and UVA and visible light radiations.
Nonprofit Boards: Challenges and Opportunities

The examination of boards and their effectiveness has increased significantly over the last 40 years, leading to important implications for nonprofit management. Beginning in the late 1970s, Chait,...
Development of a Universal Nucleobase and Modified Nucleobases for Expanding the Genetic Code

This unit presents protocols for the synthesis and characterization of nucleosides with unnatural bases in order to develop bases for the expansion of the genetic alphabet or for nonselective pairing opposite natural bases. Protocols describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of unnatural base pairs involving 1-beta-D-2-deoxyribosyl-N- and -C-nucleosides. Determination of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of unnatural nucleosides is accomplished by incorporation into oligonucleotides and subsequent evaluation as described herein.
A promising answer

"A Tale of Two Doctors" is intended to document the weaknesses in the schema for medical education between the developed and the developing world countries. More importantly, the plight of the foreign physician returning home with no provision for his continuing education illustrates the fundamental problem of continuing education for all physicians in all countries. The problem, as stated by Dr. Fisher, is that "the commitment to postgraduate medical education overseas must continue beyond the provision of the core training experience." Modifying the statement by eliminating "overseas" more precisely defines the true dimensions of the problem. It is no mere cliche to say that the half-life of a physician9s knowledge is five or seven or ten years.
The Italian Tariff and the Conflict Between Agriculture and Industry: The Commercial Policy of Liberal Italy, 1860–1922

Liberal Italy, 1860–1922, has never stimulated the same interest as the Risorgimento era, which spawned the unitary state, or the Fascist experiment, which destroyed it. Admittedly a number of works have dealt with the liberal period, but these have been all too few and very general in scope. Little, for example, has been written in English about Italian economic growth during these years and even less is known about the commercial policy of the unitary Kingdom. Contemporary critics of the tariff clamored that duties were exorbitant, were politically motivated, favored the North at the expense of the South, and increased industrial profits while they burdened agriculture. But there has not been a full scholarly analysis of commercial policy which would permit an appraisal of these criticisms.