cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquisition And Modeling Of Human Body Form Data

We describe some of our recent work on the computer-assisted acquisition, interaction, manipulation and display of three-dimensional data in general, and the human body form in particular. The work encompasses four distinct areas: 1) the automatic acquisition of 3-D surface points using a light-scanning technique, 2) the automatic construction of mathematical surface descriptions from point-contour data, 3) interaction and manipulation of 3-D data with multiple hand-mounted sensors, and 4) real-time stereo display of computer-synthetized continuous-tone images on special head-mounted display devices. We present some of our preliminary results in each of these areas and outline how they will be combined into a single comprehensive system. This system we expect will significantly enhance the computer's capabilities to assist in working with complex three-dimensional structures such as human bodies. As a simple example, we expect the system should be able to automatically digitize a human model, and within a few minutes generate a three-space approximating surface conforming to the human model's surface. Another person, wearing a helmet-like display device, will see through his helmet's visor not only the human model, but also the computer-generated approximating surface superimposed on it. As this human viewer moves around the model, the computer-generated surface will appear to stay on the model, and he'll be able to reach out and modify any portion of it or indicate that the digitizing system should rescan parts of the sur-face whose approximation he deems unsatisfactory. Other applications of the system for diagnostic medicine, architecture, and molecular modeling will also be suggested.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The transformation-related protein p53 is not bound to the SV40 T antigen in BALB 3T12 cells expressing T antigen

Abstract In most murine cells transformed by the SV40 virus, virtually all of the cellular phosphoprotein p53 is in a complex with the SV40 T antigen. Here, we report that, in SV40-infected T-antigen-positive Balb ST12 mouse cells, most (∼80%) of the p53 is not in complex. Complex formation was determined by measuring the amounts of [ 35 S]methionine-labeled p53 which coprecipitated with T antigen when using monoclonal antibody to T antigen. The amount of complex formation was expressed as a percentage of total p53 present, measured by the amount of p53 precipitated with the monoclonal antibody to the p53. The values were confirmed by Western blotting procedure, in which the steady-state levels of the proteins were measured. In these measurements after complete precipitation with antibody to T antigen, the residual p53 in the supernatant was precipitated by antibody to p53, and this amount was denoted as free p53. There was no significant difference seen between the [ 35 S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides of complexed and the free p53 (or between complexed and free T antigens) as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and chromatography. Virus rescue experiments and retransformation by the rescued virus showed that there was no mutation in the SV40 DNA coding for the T antigen which could account for the lack of complex formation. Both p53 and T antigen were underphosphorylated in cells which exhibited reduced complex formation. Tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice and anchorage-independent cell growth in culture of various cloned mouse cells with or without T antigen expression was compared. The changes in the biologic properties were explainable solely on the basis of known or expected effects of expression of the T antigen and were independent of complex formation or of absence of complex formation between p53 and T antigen.
Nosema pyrausta infection in Macrocentrus grandii, a braconid parasite of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

Abstract Macrocentrus grandii which develop within Nosema pyrausta-infected larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, develop direct systemic infections from the ingestion of spores at the time of larval emergence from the host. Infections adversely affect pupal development and adult longevity. Infected females are unable to transmit the microsporidian to additional corn borer hosts. Pathogen development in the parasite host appears identical to its development in the corn borer host and mature spores show no morphological differences in size or shape when observed at the ultrastructural level. The prevalence of infection in natural parasite populations is 53.8% and closely parallels the 56.7% prevalence of infection in corn borer populations. Results suggest N. pyrausta may play a significant role in limiting M. grandii populations when levels of N. pyrausta in corn borers are high.
Ground-state ( p,t) cross sections for sd-shell nuclei

Ground-state ($p, t$) cross sections measured for five $\mathrm{sd}$-shell nuclei are, with one exception, explained well by the shell-model calculations of Chung and Wildenthal. The deviation in the case of the $^{18}\mathrm{O}(p, t)^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction is quantitatively explained by taking account of the core-excited components in $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{18}\mathrm{O}$.
Analysis of an Exegetic Tradition in the Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael : The Meaning of ' Amanah in the Second and Third Centuries

In the past few years, a number of works have appeared which have tried to utilize different methods in the analysis of midrashic and aggadic texts. These recent efforts include the application of literary structural analysis, formula comparison, linguistic tools, and form and redaction criticism, in addition to concern for the sitz im leben of particular passages, i.e., sociohistorical studies.
Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep architecture and emotional behaviour

Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and treat diseases associated with clock dysfunction. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ligands targeting a key component of the mammalian clock, the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β, regulate sleep architecture and emotional behaviour in mice. REV-ERB agonists induce wakefulness and reduce REM and slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, REV-ERB agonists also reduce anxiety-like behaviour. These data are consistent with increased anxiety-like behaviour of REV-ERBβ-null mice, in which REV-ERB agonists have no effect. These results indicate that pharmacological targeting of REV-ERB may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to treat sleep disorders and anxiety.
Electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of inorganic nitrates at 25–505°C and 100–490 bar

Abstract A simple Pt electrode was used to determine the electrical conductances of 0.00393, 0.00992 and 0.0379 m NaNO3 and 0.00911 m LiNO3, 0.00910 m CsNO3 and 0.00946 m Ca(NO3)2 solutions. Temperatures ranged from 25 to 505°C at pressures ranging from 100 to 490 bar. The electrode was calibrated against the conductance of 0.010 m hydrothermal NaCl solutions. Preliminary limiting equivalent conductances and dissociation constants were obtained for hydrothermal NaNO3 solutions. The alkali nitrate series behaved similarly to the alkali chloride series: the electrical conductance decreases with decreasing cation radius. This seemingly paradoxical result is due to the stronger electric field and hence the greater tendency for ion pairing and larger solvation spheres associated with smaller cations. Nearly complete ion association is observed at low-density supercritical conditions. Maximum conductances were obtained at about 300°C and densities increasing from about 500 kg m−3 to 725 kg m−3 with increasing concentration. Limiting conductances and pKa values for NaNO3 solutions were similar to those for NaCl solutions, with NaNO3 being the weaker electrolyte. Ca(NO3)2 conductances follow similar trends to K2SO4. The data suggests that nearly complete dissociation occurs below 200°C, but that appreciable association to form monovalent cations occurs at higher temperatures.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Australorbis glabratus Eggs.

Abstract This paper describes experiments to test the action of ionizing radiation on the development of Australorbis glabratus eggs. It was demonstrated that radiation effects on the development of the eggs range from delay in embryonic development to death of embryos. The sensitivity to acute radiation is dependent upon the stage of development of eggs at exposure. The period of maximum sensitivity coincides with the morula, blastula, and gastrula stages. The slow development of eggs exposed to sublethal radiation doses suggests that recovery from radiation damage may occur during the delayed period of embryonic differentiation.
The Earliest French Review of Whitman (Continued)

Contributes to the discourse surrounding the mystery of the nonexistent French translation of Leaves of Grass announced by the New York Saturday Press in 1860 and described in Ezra Greenspan's note also included in this issue of WWQR.
On the Mechanisms of Episodic Salinity Outflow Events in the Strait of Hormuz

Abstract Observations in the Strait of Hormuz (26.26°N, 56.08°E) during 1997–98 showed substantial velocity fluctuations, accompanied by episodic changes in the salinity outflow events with amplitude varying between 1 and 2 psu on time scales of several days to a few weeks. These events are characterized by a rapid increase in salinity followed by an abrupt decline. The mechanisms behind these strong pulses of salinity events are investigated with a high-resolution (∼1 km) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) with particular reference to the year 2005. In accordance with the observations, the simulated salinity events are characterized by strong coherence between the enhanced flows in zonal and meridional directions. It is inferred that most of the simulated and observed outflow variability is associated with the continuous formation of strong mesoscale cyclonic eddies, whose origin can be traced upstream to around 26°N, 55.5°E. These cyclonic eddies have a diameter of about 63 km and have a remnant of P...
Tensile Properties and Collagen Organization of the Rat Cervix

Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn death. Many premature survivors have serious and lifelong complications like cerebral palsy, learning and developmental disabilities, and hearing and vision impairment [1]. An accurate, predictive tool for preterm birth risk assessment does not exist. This research works towards developing tools based on mechanical measures of the cervix to assess risk for preterm birth.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A continuous analyzer for monitoring respiratory gases and expired radioactivity in clinical studies

A system for the continuous monitoring of gas exchange as well as 14CO2 from metabolic studies is described. The analyzer incorporates modifications over previously published systems. These modifications include accurate control of analyzer pressure for stable baselines during the long periods of measurement, accurate control of temperature, the measurement of oxygen consumption during high oxygen patient therapy, the measurement of oxygen consumption of patients on a mechanical respirator, and describes a unique flux system to calibrate the analyzer detectors. The closed system provides expired breath data for O2, CO2, and 14CO2 on critically ill patients for long periods of time without stressing the patient and without using a face mask or mouthpiece. These data allow for the calculation of daily energy expenditures of hypermetabolic patients and for the assessment of various metabolic responses with 14C substrates.
Evaluation of Core Temperature during Laparoscopic and Open Gastric Bypass

Background: Intraoperative hypothermia is a common event during open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare changes in core temperature between laparoscopic and open gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: 101 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40-60 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to open (n=50) or laparoscopic (n=51) GBP. Anesthetic technique was similar for both groups. An external warming blanket and passive airway humidification were used intraoperatively. Core temperature was recorded at preanesthesia, at baseline (after induction) and at 30-min intervals; intra-abdominal temperature was additionally measured at 30-min intervals in a subset of 30 laparoscopic GBP patients.The number of patients who developed intraoperative and postoperative hypothermia (<36°C) was recorded. Length of operation for both groups and the amount of CO2 gas delivered during laparoscopic operations were also recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between groups with respect to age, gender, mean BMI, and amount of intravenous fluid administered. After induction of anesthesia, core temperature significantly decreased in both groups; 36% of patients in the open group and 37% of patients in the laparoscopic group developed hypothermia. This percentage increased to 46% in the open group and 41% in the laparoscopic group during the operation, and then decreased to 6% in the open group and 8% in the laparoscopic group in the recovery-room. Core temperature increased during the operative procedure to reach 36.5 ± 0.6°Cin the open group and 36.3 ± 0.5°Cin the laparoscopic group at 2.5 hours after surgical incision. Intra-abdominal temperature during laparoscopic GBP was significantly lower than core temperature at all measurement points (p<0.05). Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group than in the open group (232 ± 43 vs 201 ± 38 min, p<0.01). Mean volume of gas delivered during laparoscopic GBP was 650 ± 220 liters. Conclusion: Perioperative hypothermia was a common event during both laparoscopic and open GBP. Despite a longer operative time, laparoscopic GBP did not increase the rate of intraoperative hypothermia when efforts were made to minimize intraoperative heat loss.
Observations of a comet on collision course with the sun.

A brilliant new comet (1979 XI: Howard-Koomen-Michels) was discovered in data from the Naval Research Laboratory9s orbiting SOLWIND coronagraph. An extensive sequence of pictures, telemetered from the P78-1 satellite, shows the coma, accompanied by a bright and well-developed tail, passing through the coronagraph9s field of view at afew million kilometers from the sun. Preliminary orbital calculations based on the observed motion of the comet9s head and morphology of the tail indicate that this previously unreported object is a sungrazing comet and may be one of the group of Kreutz sungrazers. It appears from the data that the perihelion distance was less than 1 solar radius, so that the cometary nucleus encountered dense regions of the sun9s atmosphere, was completely vaporized, and did not reappear after the time of closest approach to the sun. After this time, however, cometary debris, scattered into the ambient solar wind, caused a brightening of the corona over one solar hemisphere and to heliocentric distances of 5 to 10 solar radii.
Changes in Ring-Necked Pheasants’ (Phasianus colchicus) Egg Formation Time, Oviposition Lag Time, and Egg Sequence Length Due to Ahemeral Light-Dark Cycles

A total of 108 pheasant hens was exposed to either a conventional 24-hr (14L:10D), an ahemeral 22-hr (14L:8D), or an ahemeral 26-hr (14L:12D) light-dark (L:D) cycle. Total lag time for each egg sequence was greater in the ahemeral cycles than in the conventional L:D cycle, resulting in significant (P less than .05) differences in egg formation times (EFT) or intraclutch intervals of 26.4, 25.8, and 27.5 hr, respectively. The EFT under the ahemeral 26-hr L:D cycle was synchronized (within 1.5 hr) with the length of the L:D cycle. This light cycle resulted in the longest egg sequences (average 8.5 eggs per sequence) produced under any of the three L:D cycle treatments due to a shorter pause in oviposition. Values were significantly (P less than .05) different from the average values obtained under the conventional 24 hr L:D cycle (4.9 egg per sequence) and ahemeral 22 hr L:D cycle (3.5 eggs per sequence).
Excessive complement activation is associated with placental injury in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

Objective Studies that use a murine model of antiphospholipid syndrome have demonstrated a critical role for complement activation that leads to fetal and placental injury in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs). We examined the placentas of patients with APAs to demonstrate a similar association with tissue injury in humans. Study design Immunohistochemical analyses with the use of antibodies to the complement products C4d, C3b, and C5b-9 were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of placentas from 47 patients with APAs and 23 normal control patients. Results We found evidence of increased complement deposition in the trophoblast cytoplasm (C4d and C3b), trophoblastic cell and basement membrane (C4d), and extravillous trophoblasts (C4d) of patients with APAs, compared with control patients. We report a correlation between placental pathologic features and complement deposition (C4d) in the trophoblastic cytoplasm, cell membrane, and basement membrane. Conclusion These findings are consistent with murine studies that implicate complement as a critical factor in the fetal tissue injury observed in antiphospholipid syndrome.
Real-time processing for remote gas identification

The ability to perform remote gas identification is critical to Homeland Security missions. LWIR infrared hyperspectral sensor technology is the only total solution for remote gas identification. All aspects of this technology are ready to be transitioned to operational deployment, including sensor design, processing and exploitation capability, and integration with geographical information systems. Many dual-use missions exist for this technology thus increasing the benefit obtained for the sensor system development cost.
INTERNAL CONVERSION AS A PROBE OF WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS

Weak neutral-current effects in the internal conversion process are considered. The $K$, ${L}_{\mathrm{I}}$, and ${L}_{\mathrm{II}}$ conversions of $M1$ decays are shown to be uniquely sensitive to the nucleon-axial-vector-electron-vector coupling. Parity violating effects are calculated as a function of the atomic charge and nuclear transition energy and are shown to be \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ in favorable cases. Several possible experiments are discussed, as is the estimation of the required nuclear matrix elements.
Climate booklets available

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released a new educational booklet in October called Our Changing Climate, which is the fourth publication in its series, Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet. The booklet, primarily authored by University of Washington professor Dennis Hartmann, covers the greenhouse effect, El Nino, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and other events linked to climate.
Chirped pulse colour modulation and its maximum likelihood detection in fibre optic communication systems

A high-speed modulation-detection scheme is proposed that encodes each RZ pulse by colour with chirping, according to digital symbol. The proposed receiver, employing pulse-compression, enables the following performance through maximum likelihood detection: SNR relaxation of 8 or 10 dB compared to NRZ, if four or eight colours respectively, are used.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE : II. FINE STRUCTURE CHANGES IN TUBULES ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL FAILURE INDUCED BY GLOBIN

When purified human globin is injected intravenously into rats it produces acute renal failure characterized by tubular casts and oliguria. The globin is identifiable within vesicles and channels in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubules, through which it passes from lumen to basal side with no apparent serious effect on the cells. When a very minimal amount of globin is taken up by cells of the distal limb of Henle's loop or distal tubules (lower nephron), a markedly deleterious effect is apparent and the cells die within a short time. The mixture of cell debris and precipitated globin forms plugs within the confines of the basement membranes of the former distal limbs and distal tubules. After a number of lower nephrons are plugged a disruption of proximal tubules is found, which apparently results from the effect of back pressure in the obstructed nephrons. We suggest that any amount in excess of a low threshold of globin, either alone or combined with heme or related material, has a toxic effect on lower nephron cells. Once initiated, the toxic effect is not reversible and the resulting plug of debris and precipitate will occlude the lumen. If a sufficient number of nephrons are made non-functional the animal becomes anuric; otherwise it is oliguric. A high rate of urine flow will protect against the excess absorption of material and thus against acute renal failure.
Ladies and gentes: Maternally inherited DNA and ancient honeyguide host races

Avian interspecific brood parasitism occurs when a female bird uses a different host species to incubate and rear her offspring. Studies of this parasitic behavior have provided some of nature’s most compelling examples of coevolutionary interactions (1). Avian brood parasites exhibit wide variation in host specificity, ranging from one or a few hosts to hundreds, and there is a concomitant degree of coevolution of traits between parasite and host. For example, within many species of cuckoos, and some species of cowbirds, parasite eggs visually and morphologically match those of their hosts. If there is variation in egg characteristics among different host species, and selection promotes egg matching to avoid host recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs, this can lead to the evolution of host-specific races of parasites (called gentes).
Essai: Doing Time in Organization Theory

In this essay I examine my proclivity to theorize time in a cyclical way. Using artist David Hockney's reflections on representing time in art through movement, I suggest that, like Hockney's paintings, my dynamic theories of organizational culture, identity and collective creativity were produced with an awareness of my movement through time. Hockney not only helps me to explain the necessity of movement to understand organizing more dynamically, he also suggests that taking a dynamic approach to theorizing introduces intimacy. On this basis, the essay concludes with the speculation that my way of theorizing moves beyond the claims of subjectivity to interiorization a willingness to embed oneself in the processes of organizing in order to describe their dynamics from the viewpoint of participation.
A Remote-Oxygen-Plasma Surface Treatment Technique for III-Nitride Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors

We present a paper on the influence of an oxygen-plasma treatment technique for III-nitride (III-N) heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) using a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) system. The oxygen plasma is excited in a remote location to avoid the plasma damage. After the plasma treatment, the threshold voltage was shifted from -0.25 to 0 V and a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction of the drain leakage current was observed in recessed-gate AlGaN/AlN/GaN HFETs. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of gate diodes showed indistinguishable hysteresis. Improved gate-lag and lowered dynamic ON-resistance were also observed in the fabricated AlGaN/AlN/GaN HFETs after the oxygen-plasma treatment. The results indicate that the oxygen-plasma treatment using a PE-ALD system could be a promising approach to improve the device switching performance in III-N HFETs.
Injection of a soluble sperm fraction into sea-urchin eggs triggers the cortical reaction

Fertilization membranes form around unfertilized sea-urchin eggs after microinjection of a soluble spermatozoa fraction isosmotic with seawater. This demonstrates that the spermatozoon contains a chemical that triggers an increase in cytosolic calcium, leading to exocytosis of cortical granules. It also demonstrates that the triggering mechanism does not require an externally-activated egg-membrane process. Further experiments show that the chemical trigger is not calcium.
Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone in infants, children, and adolescents.

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay employing guinea pig antiserum to bovine PTH which cross-reacted with human PTH in the serum of normal subjects and of patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Data are expressed in terms of a purified bovine PTH standard. iPTH was detectable in 39% of cord sera and in the sera of 80% of randomly selected children and adults. The serum iPTH concentration was significantly higher in pregnant women at term (155±74 [SD] pg/ml, bovine PTH equivalents) than in normal adult males and nonpregnant females (93±32 pg/ml). In 76 children (0.1–18.0 yr) the mean serum iPTH concentration was 125±70 pg/ml. iPTH concentrations were increased in children with chronic renal insufficiency (N=14), vitamin D-resistant rickets (N=1), vitamin D-deficiency rickets (N=1), pseudohypoparathyroidism (N=1), and in five children receiving anticonvulsant medications because of seizure disorders. In a child with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal disease administration of aluminum hydroxide was followed by decline in serum concentrations of iPTH and phosphorus and increase in serum calcium levels. Serum iPTH concentrations fell abruptly following successful renal homotransplantation in this patient. The radioimmunoassay for PTH provides an important tool for the study of parathyroid gland function in normal infants and children and in patients with disorders of mineral metabolism and renal function. Determination of iPTH concentrations is useful in following the course of such disease processes and in evaluating the efficacy of therapy.
Synthesis of 2-fluoro-6-benzylaminopurine and other purine derivatives.

Abstract The effects of a 2-fluoro substituent and of the replacement of the imidazole ring by a triazole ring upon the biological activities of a 6-(substituted)purine were determined. The 2-fluoro and 2-amino-8-aza analogs of 6-benzylaminopurine were synthesized, and the 2-fluoro but not the 2-amino-8-aza derivative was found to replace kinetin in stimulating the rate of seed germination. 2-Fluoro-6-benzylaminopurine is appreciably more toxic to microbial growth than are either 2-amino-6-benzylamino- or 6-benzylaminopurine.
Determination of energy changes in Cr Fe alloys by antiferromagnetic ordering from resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements

Abstract The resistance and Seebeck anomaly of Cr and Cr rich alloys, associated with antiferromagnetic ordering has been related to the formation of an energy gap in the electronic band structure.
Differential effects of alcohol upon gluconeogenesis from lactate in young and old hepatocytes.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age upon hepatic gluconeogenesis (HGN) from lactate in the presence of various concentrations of alcohol from young (3 months) and old (24 months) male rats. After a 24-hour fast, livers were perfused with collagenase and the hepatocytes were isolated. Aliquots of the cell suspension were placed in Krebs–Henseleit buffer and incubated with lactate, [U– 14 C]lactate, and nine different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH) for 30 min. Dose–effect curves were generated for the determination of maximal and half-maximal alcohol-induced inhibition on gluconeogenesis. There were no significant differences in basal HGN (lactate only and no EtOH) between young and old hepatocytes, 86.9±6.3 nmol/mg protein/30 min. The addition of ethanol significantly reduced HGN from lactate in both groups. At the highest ethanol concentration (15 mM), the glucose production was inhibited more from old, 46.1±1.2 nmol/mg protein/30 min, compared to young hepatocytes, 56.0±1.6 nmol/mg protein/30 min. The greater age-related reduction in HGN was confirmed by the minimal glycogenolysis, and the concomitant decline in [U– 14 C]glucose production, lactate uptake, and [U– 14 C]lactate uptake. The results suggest that alcohol elicits a greater inhibition upon HGN from lactate in old compared to young liver cells.
A one point integrated assumed strain 4-node Mindlin plate element

The 4‐node assumed strain elements are among the best elements available today but the bending moments at their full integration points oscillate severely. This paper presents a one point integrated version of the 4‐node assumed strain plate element of Bathe‐Dvorkin. A Taylor series expansion approach is used to accommodate the linear variation of strains/stresses within the element and hence to stabilize the spurious zero energy modes. An extensive number of benchmark results are presented and compared.
Evaluation of apoptogenic adenovirus type 5 oncolytic vectors in a Syrian hamster head and neck cancer model

Human adenovirus (HAdV) vectors are intensely investigated for virotherapy of a wide variety of human cancers. Here, we have evaluated the effect of two apoptogenic HAdV5 vectors in an immunocompetent Syrian hamster animal model of head and neck cancer. We established two cell lines of hamster cheek pouch squamous cell carcinomas, induced by treatment with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. These cell lines, when infected with HAdV5 mutants lp11w and lp11w/Δ55 K (which are defective in the expression of either E1B-19 K alone or both E1B-19 K and E1B-55 K proteins) exhibited enhanced apoptotic and cytotoxic responses. The cheek pouch tumor cells transplanted either subcutaneously at the flanks or in the cheek pouches of hamsters readily formed tumors. Intratumoral administration of HAdV5-E1B mutants efficiently suppressed the growth of tumors at both sites. Histological examination of orthotopic tumors revealed reduced vascularity and the expression of the viral fiber antigen in virus-administered cheek pouch tumors. These tumors also exhibited increased caspase-3 levels, suggesting that virus-induced apoptosis may contribute to tumor growth suppression. Our results suggest that the apoptogenic HAdV5 vectors may have utility for the treatment of human head and neck cancers.
Assessment methods in medical education

Abstract Since the 1950s, there has been rapid and extensive change in the way assessment is conducted in medical education. Several new methods of assessment have been developed and implemented over this time and they have focused on clinical skills (taking a history from a patient and performing a physical examination), communication skills, procedural skills, and professionalism. In this paper, we provide examples of performance-based assessments in medical education, detailing the benefits and challenges associated with different approaches. While advances in psychometric theory and technology have been paralleled by the development of assessment instruments that improve the evaluation of these skills, additional research is needed, particularly if the assessment is used to make high stake decisions (e.g., promotion and licensure).
Does failure to perform prophylactic level VI node dissection leave persistent disease detectable by ultrasonography in patients with low-risk papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?

Background There is controversy regarding the need for prophylactic level VI central node dissection in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study focuses on the incidence of persistent level VI nodal disease in low-risk PTC without prophylactic central node dissection. Methods PTC was known at the time of thyroidectomy in 304 of the 761 patients who had initial thyroid surgery from 2001 to 2007. Therapeutic level VI node dissection was performed for suspicious or positive nodes. A prophylactic central node dissection was not done if suspicious nodes were not identified. All patients had a high-resolution ultrasonography, and almost all patients had a suppressed serum thyroglobulin level 4–6 months after thyroidectomy. Results A total of 112 of 304 patients (37%) had a therapeutic level VI node dissection. A prophylactic central node dissection was not performed in the remaining 192 patients. One hundred and sixty-one of the 192 patients (84%) were low risk. Biopsy-proven persistent disease was identified at the 4–6-month postoperative ultrasonography in only 3 of the 161 low-risk patients (1.8%). The suppressed serum thyroglobulin level was increased in these 3 patients and 2 additional patients. Conclusion Failure to perform a prophylactic central node dissection in low-risk PTC resulted in both a very low incidence of persistent level VI nodal disease and elevated suppressed thyroglobulin 4–6 months after thyroidectomy.
Key barriers to international resource sharing and OCLC actions to help remove them

The end goals of international resource sharing can be summed up in two phrases – “Find it” and “Get it”. This is what end‐users really care about. The information object, the real thing, is what they want and how and where are less important than when. It sounds so simple, but this is far from the reality. This paper reviews four of the key challenges surrounding global library resource sharing: the Internet and end‐user behaviour; languages and character sets; lack of a critical mass of online metadata for the world’s libraries; and lack of a tradition of library co‐operation in many countries. It also describes the initiatives that OCLC has underway to tackle the challenges head‐on.
Effect of Active and Passive Immunization with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone on Serum LuteinizingHormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels nd the Ultrastructure of the Pituitary Gonadotrophs in Castrated Male Rats

The effect of active and passive immunization with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on serum LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the ultrastructure of the pituitary gonadotrophs was investigated in castrated male rats. Two weeks after castration, the animals were immunized with Glu1-LHRH conjugated with human serum albumin (hSA), immunized with hSA only, or left uninjected. Immunogens were administered every 2 weeks. Four weeks after the initiation of immunization with hSA-Glu1-LHRH, 2 out of 4 rats showed parallel decreases in serum LH and FSH levels associated with a rise of serum antibody titer to LHRH. Serum LH and FSH levels remained suppressed throughout the experiment in these rats. On the other hand, both LH and FSH levels in hSAimniunized rats or non-immunized rats remained elevated, and typical castration cells containing large acuoles were found in the pituitary. Although castration cells existed in the pituitary of rats which produced antibody to LHRH by active imm...
Introduction: lesbian art and art by lesbians.

Who is a lesbian artist? What is lesbian art? What makes these pressing questions today? In the catalog to the 2007 museum exhibition WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution, Catherine Lord argues fo...
The credibility of sexual abuse allegations: Child sexual abuse, adult rape, and sexual harassment

Allegations and denials of sexual abuse often occur in a context in which there is rarely decisive evidence. The present study investigated the credibility of allegations of three kinds of sexual abuse—child sexual abuse, adult rape, and sexual harassment—that also contained a denial by the alleged perpetrator. Perceptions of fair punishment were investigated for the perpetrator if he did actually commit these acts and for the accuser if she was lying. Results indicated that allegations were generally rated in the credible direction. Allegations of child sexual abuse were rated more credible than allegations of rape or sexual harassment. Females found all allegations more credible than males. Males were more likely to believe allegations in the child sexual abuse condition than either the rape or sexual harassment conditions. Females were more likely to believe sexual harassment allegations. Punishments were generally the most severe for child sexual abuse, and psychotherapy was a popular disposition for both perpetrators and those making false allegations.
Visceral organ mass in wethers consuming diets with different forages and grain levels

Crossbred wethers (72; 33 ± 0.6 kg live weight) were used to investigate interactions among forage source, cereal grain inclusion and level, and length of feeding on visceral tissue mass. Wethers consumed long-stemmed alfalfa ((A) Medicago sativa; early bloom), bermudagrass ((B) Cynodon dactylon; 6 to 8 weeks of regrowth) or ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; early head emergence)-wheat (Triticum aestivum; anthesis (RW)) hay and approximately 0, 20 or 40% ground corn (0, 20 and 40, respectively) for 49 or 98 d. Digestible organic matter intake ranked (P < 0.05) B < RW < A and was increased (P < 0.05) by grain inclusion (period 1: 0.62, 0.75, 0.73, 0.28, 0.45, 0.49, 0.57, 0.57 and 0.69 kg/d; period 2: 0.73, 0.91, 0.96, 0.30, 0.49, 0.56, 0.55, 0.73 and 0.91 kg/d); mean empty body weight was 37, 40, 40, 34, 35, 36, 36, 38 and 39 kg (SE 1.2) for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively. Total gastrointestinal tract tissue mass was lower (P < 0.06) for B than for A or RW (1.98, 2.11, 1.97, 1.69, 1.78, 1.78, 1.84, 1.93 and 1.95 kg), and epithelium comprised a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of ventral ruminal tissue for A versus RW or B (25, 27, 27, 19, 22, 21, 20, 25 and 21% for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively). Liver mass was 0.48, 0.51, 0.57, 0.34, 0.40, 0.40, 0.41, 0.49 and 0.44 kg in period 1 (SE 0.037), and 0.53, 0.56, 0.49, 0.38, 0.41, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43 and 0.51 kg in period 2 (SE 0.022) for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively. In conclusion, cereal grain inclusion increased digestible organic matter intake and decreased gastrointestinal tract and liver mass relative to digestible organic matter intake similarly regardless of forage source, grain level or feeding period length. Thus, effects of cereal grain inclusion on peripheral tissue energy availability should be greater than expected based on digestible organic matter intake and, relative to conditions without supplemental grain, such differences should decrease with increasing forage quality and feeding period length as digestible organic matter intake increases.
Analysis of reinforced or cellular panels and decks

Abstract A popular and efficient design for lightweight structural decks, floors, roofs and wall panels consists of a flat plate reinforced by and composite with one or two sets of ribs. A variation of the reinforced plate is the so-called cellular construction comprised of two membranes connected to ribs to from a discrete core sandwich structure. Until recently, no rational methods were available for the stress and deflection analysis of these structures. This paper presents formulas for the exact elastic analysis of P late- S tringer- D iaphragm decks (composite stringers and non-composite diaphrams) and waffle decks (stringers and diaphrams both composite) which are rectangular with simple end and flexible side supports. Cellular construction is dealt with by creating a condition of anti-symmetry with respect to the middle plane. The formulas are derived by finding closed form solutions to the summation equation mathematical models which were written by use of a macro discrete field approach. The formulas are numerically illustrated through use of a simple programmable pocket calculator which is judged suitable for design office use and optimization studies. The examples permit comparisons between the single plate and cellular P-S-D panels and waffle plates.
Spatial ordering and encoding for geographic data mining and visualization

Geographic information (e.g., locations, networks, and nearest neighbors) are unique and different from other aspatial attributes (e.g., population, sales, or income). It is a challenging problem in spatial data mining and visualization to take into account both the geographic information and multiple aspatial variables in the detection of patterns. To tackle this problem, we present and evaluate a variety of spatial ordering methods that can transform spatial relations into a one-dimensional ordering and encoding which preserves spatial locality as much possible. The ordering can then be used to spatially sort temporal or multivariate data series and thus help reveal patterns across different spaces. The encoding, as a materialization of spatial clusters and neighboring relations, is also amenable for processing together with aspatial variables by any existing (non-spatial) data mining methods. We design a set of measures to evaluate nine different ordering/encoding methods, including two space-filling curves, six hierarchical clustering based methods, and a one-dimensional Sammon mapping (a multidimensional scaling approach). Evaluation results with various data distributions show that the optimal ordering/encoding with the complete-linkage clustering consistently gives the best overall performance, surpassing well-known space-filling curves in preserving spatial locality. Moreover, clustering-based methods can encode not only simple geographic locations, e.g., x and y coordinates, but also a wide range of other spatial relations, e.g., network distances or arbitrarily weighted graphs.
Development of an electromechanical triaxial test facility for composite materials

An experimental facility has been developed that is capable of generating any combination of tensile and/or compressive forces on three mutually orthogonal axes of a cruciform-shaped composite specimen. Using this computer-controlled test facility, any stress ratio in biaxial (σ1-σ2) or triaxial (σ1-σ2-σ3) stress space can be evaluated. A description of this electromechanical testing facility, including the reaction frame, test fixture, computer control system and instrumentation is included. Once fully assembled, uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial tests were performed on aluminum and on a carbon/epoxy composite laminate to evaluate the performance of the test facility. Using the data generated from these tests, the performance of many aspects of the triaxial testing facility, including the intra-axis alignment, automated computer testing algorithms, data acquisition algorithms, calibration values and machine compliance, was evaluated. The overall very acceptable performance of the triaxial testing facility is believed to have been demonstrated.
Synthese und Hydrolyse von 1,3-Dihydro-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphol-2-oxiden

Verschiedene 1,3-Dihydro-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphol-2-oxide und entsprechende Bisverbindungen wurden hergestellt. Einige der Verbindungen konnten nur ohne Losungsmittel bei Temperaturen bis zu 250°C in guter Ausbeute und in groser Reinheit erhalten werden.
Food habits of migrating salmonid smolts passing bonneville dam in the Columbia river, 1984

The food habits of migrating juvenile steelhead (Salmo gairdneri), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), coho salmon (0. kisutch) , and chinook salmon (0. tshawytscha) were identified from April through August 1984 at Bonneville Dam in the Columbia River. During the spring (April-June), the gammarid amphipods Corophium salmonis and C. spinicorne were the dominant prey for all species. Many insect taxa were also consumed, but in small quantities. Significant diet overlap occurred between all species during the spring due to the importance of Corophium. In summer (July-August), the importance of Corophium declined in the diet of subyearling chinook salmon and was replaced with Daphnia spp. and adult dipterans (primarily chironomids).
Purinoceptor‐mediated regulation of the renal microvasculature

1. Recent evidence supports the contention that numerous paracrine factors are released into the intrarenal interstitial environment where they can influence renal microvascular and tubular function. Studies have shown that P1 and P2 purinoceptor activation by adenosine and ATP, respectively, can selectively evoke alterations in renal microvascular diameter. 2. Vasoconstrictor responses to extracellular ATP, which are almost exclusively preglomerular, are biphasic, develop rapidly and are rapidly reversible. ATP-mediated afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is largely dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium and the sustained vasoconstriction is maintained by calcium influx through voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. 3. Microvascular responses to adenosine include vasoconstriction at low concentrations and vasodilation at higher concentrations. Adenosine elicits a vasoconstrictor response which develops more slowly than responses to ATP and the vasoconstriction is elicited from both the preglomerular and postglomerular arterioles. 4. Studies were performed to evaluate the possible involvement of P2 purinoceptor activation in the renal vascular autoregulatory response. Inactivation of P2 receptor-dependent preglomerular microvascular responses by purinoceptor desensitization or purinoceptor saturation completely abolished autoregulatory adjustments in afferent arteriolar calibre. 5. These studies demonstrate that the renal microvasculature is responsive to purinoceptor activation. Furthermore, the data support an important role for the involvement of intrarenal P2 receptors in the regulation of renal haemodynamics.
Indium-based liquid clathrates. I: The preparation of the first indium liquid inclusion compound and crystal structure of its parent complex, [K.18-crown-6]2 [InClI2(CH3)] [InClI(CH3)2]

The synthesis of the first liquid clathrate derived from an indium precursor is described. The aromatic/anion ratio of the inclusion complex prepared using benzene is 12.4. The use of toluene results in the inclusion of 10.3 guest toluene molecules/anion. The crystal structure of the parent complex, [K·18-Crown-6]2[InClI2(CH3)][InClI(CH3)2] was carried out. The compound belongs to the monoclinic space groupP21/c, witha=19.508(9),b=8.503(5), andc=29.437(9) A, β=96.55(3)°, andD calc=1.83 g cm−3 forZ=4. Least-squares refinement based on 3449 observed reflections led to a finalR=0.099. The structure displays two different environments for the two K+ cations in the asymmetric unit. One adopts the near-planar [K·18-crown-6]+ configuration while the other K+ resides 0.81 A above the second 18-crown-6 plane. The latter K+ is apparently pulled out of the crown by a strong interaction with a Cl− ion.
Age and Gender Differences in Time to Collision at Braking From the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study

Objective: Forward collision warning (FCW) is an active safety system that aims to mitigate the effect of forward collisions by warning the driver of objects in front of the vehicle. Success of FCW relies on how drivers react to the alerts. Drivers who receive too many warnings that they deem as unnecessary—that is, nuisance alarms—may grow to distrust and turn the system off. To reduce the perception of nuisance alarms, FCW systems can be tailored to individual driving styles, but these driving styles must first be characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in braking behavior between age and gender groups in car-following scenarios using data from the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study.Methods: The data source for this study was the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study, which recorded the driving of 108 primary drivers for approximately a year. Braking behavior was characterized in terms of time to collision (TTC) at brake application, a common metric used in the design of ...
Combating spam in tagging systems

Tagging systems allow users to interactively annotate a pool of shared resources using descriptive tags. As tagging systems are gaining in popularity, they become more susceptible to tag spam: misleading tags that are generated in order to increase the visibility of some resources or simply to confuse users. We introduce a framework for modeling tagging systems and user tagging behavior. We also describe a method for ranking documents matching a tag based on taggers' reliability. Using our framework, we study the behavior of existing approaches under malicious attacks and the impact of a moderator and our ranking method.