cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Signage using Eye-Tracking Technology

Signs, in all their forms and manifestations, provide visual communication for wayfinding, commerce, and public dialogue and expression. Yet, how effectively a sign communicates and ultimately elicits a desired reaction begins with how well it attracts the visual attention of prospective viewers. This is especially the case for complex visual environments, both outside and inside of buildings. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research design to assess the use of eye-tracking (ET) technology to explore how placement and context affect the capture of visual attention. Specifically, this research explores the use of ET hardware and software in real-world contexts to analyze how visual attention is impacted by location and proximity to geometric edges, as well as elements of contrast, intensity against context, and facial features. Researchers also used data visualization and interpretation tools in augmented reality environments to anticipate human responses to alternative placement and design. Results show that ET methods, supported by the screen-based and wearable eye-tracking technologies, can provide results that are consistent with previous research of signage performance using static images in terms of cognitive load and legibility, and ET technologies offer an advanced dynamic tool for the design and placement of signage.
A qualitative analysis of pain meaning: results from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk (OK-SNAP)

The most widely accepted definition of pain considers it a sensory and emotional experience associated with potential or actual physical harm. However, research tends to generalize findings from pr...
Macrostructural Analyses of Cinderella Narratives in a Large Nonclinical Sample

Purpose Macrostructural narrative analyses are important clinical measures, revealing age-related declines and disorder-related impairments in the accuracy, completeness, logical sequencing, and or...
Mini-Review - Teaching Writing in the Undergraduate Neuroscience Curriculum: Its Importance and Best Practices

In neuroscience and other scientific disciplines, instructors increasingly appreciate the value of writing. Teaching students to write well helps them succeed in school, not only because they perform better on assessments but also because well-structured writing assignments improve learning. Moreover, the ability to write well is an essential professional skill, because good clear writing in conjunction with good clear thinking results in increased success in fellowship applications, grant proposals, and publications. However, teaching writing in neuroscience classrooms is challenging for several reasons. Students may not initially recognize the importance of writing, teachers may lack training in the pedagogy of writing instruction, and both teachers and students must commit substantial time and effort to writing if progress is to be made. Here, we detail effective strategies for teaching writing to undergraduates, including scaffolding of teaching assignments, both within a class and across a curriculum; use of different types of writing assignments; early integration of writing into courses; peer review and revision of assignments; mentoring by student tutors; and use of defined rubrics. We also discuss how these strategies can be utilized effectively in the context of multicultural classrooms and labs.
Optimization of threshold functions over streams

A common stream processing application is alerting, where the data stream management system (DSMS) continuously evaluates a threshold function over incoming streams. If the threshold is crossed, th...
Sleep-Aware Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Control: Chronic Use at Home With Dual Independent Linear Discriminate Detectors.

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a promising new technology with increasing use in experimental trials to treat a diverse array of indications such as movement disorders (Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor), psychiatric disorders (depression, OCD), chronic pain and epilepsy. In many aDBS trials, a neural biomarker of interest is compared with a predefined threshold and stimulation amplitude is adjusted accordingly. Across indications and implant locations, potential biomarkers are greatly influenced by sleep. Successful chronic embedded adaptive detectors must incorporate a strategy to account for sleep, to avoid unwanted or unexpected algorithm behavior. Here we show a dual algorithm design with two independent detectors, one used to track sleep state (wake/sleep) and the other used to track parkinsonian motor state (medication-induced fluctuations(). Across six hemispheres (four patients) and 47 days, our detector successfully transitioned to sleep mode while patients were sleeping, and resumed motor state tracking when patients were awake. Designing “sleep aware” aDBS algorithms may prove crucial for deployment of clinically effective fully embedded aDBS algorithms.
Surgical Management of Sacral Chordomas: Illustrative Cases and Current Management Paradigms

Sacral chordomas represent more than 50% of all sacral tumors. These slow-growing, malignant lesions present insidiously and are often large and intimately involved with sacral neurovascular and pelvic structures. En bloc resection is the only well-established predictor of progression-free survival. Optimal surgical management requires a complex multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we describe two cases of sacral chordoma and review current management paradigms.
Successful industry advisory board involvement in the capstone design experience

In the wake of EC2000, many engineering programs have created advisory boards for their programs to represent their industry and other constituencies. In many cases, unfortunately, the program has trouble successfully maximizing the benefit that can be obtained from the active involvement of such a board. In the case to be discussed, advisory board activities were deliberately directed to enhance the capstone design experience within an undergraduate electrical engineering program. Topics addressed include the first step in the process: selection of appropriate members for a program-level advisory board. Results observed from activities of the advisory board from involvement in four different areas of the capstone design experience will be presented. The areas of industry advisory board involvement included: input on the selection of appropriate projects, involvement in the selection of appropriate design methodology topics, student project mentoring, and, finally, project review.
Dimensional reduction of analog signals with a neural processor

We describe a neurally inspired processor that transforms complex analog signals into linearly independent representations of these signals. The processor uses on-chip learning to adapt weights to provide detection of principle features in complex waveforms. The chips consist of a linear sum of products section, a principle components weight adaptation section, and a lateral inhibition section. We use several elementary principles from biology to construct our neural processor. Experimental data demonstrates the chip detecting and encoding principle features found in complex temporal signals. >
Mesalazine downregulates c-Myc in human colon cancer cells. A key to its chemopreventive action?

Summary Background Dysplasia and malignant transformation of colonocytes in ulcerative colitis are associated with overexpression of c-Myc and genes regulating cell survival. 5-Aminosalicylates such as mesalazine may reduce the development of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis, but the mechanisms of its chemopreventive action are not clear. Aims To examine whether mesalazine affects the expression of c-Myc in human colon cancer cell lines. Methods Human colon cancer cells were treated with vehicle or mesalazine (4 mm or 40 mm). We examined: (i) mRNA expression by gene array, (ii) protein expression by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and (iii) apoptosis by Annexin V labelling. Results Mesalazine significantly reduced expression of c-Myc mRNA and protein. Conclusions Mesalazine downregulates gene and protein expression of c-Myc. The apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of mesalazine are dose-dependent. Expression of c-Myc is significantly reduced by mesalazine 40 mm.
Major Decisions: Motivations for Selecting a Major, Satisfaction, and Belonging

In this paper, we analyzed the relationship between students' motivations for choosing academic majors and their satisfaction and sense of belonging on campus. Based on a multi-institutional survey...
Environmental Federalism Revisited: Second-Order Devolution in Air Quality Regulation

In this paper we examine states' use of local clean air agencies and provide a preliminary assessment of what causes states to devolve air quality policy authority to the local level. Data from a unique comparative state survey shows that states vary widely in the number of local clean air agencies they employ and the amount of authority these agencies have to set standards, monitor air quality, and enforce regulations. Multivariate analyses suggest that second-order devolution is partly driven by a general propensity to decentralize policy authority, but that policy-specific factors relating to the problem and interest group environment affect devolution as well. These findings indicate that local agencies play an important role in U.S. air quality regulation, and that the dynamics of state devolution to local agencies deserve further study.
Exploring Space-Time Tradeoffs in Autonomous Sampling for Marine Robotics

In the coastal ocean, biological and physical dynamics vary on spatiotemporal scales spanning many orders of magnitude. At large spatial (O(100km)) and temporal (O(weeks to months)) scales, traditional shipboard and moored measurements are very effective at quantifying mean and varying oceanic properties. At scales smaller than the internal Rossby radius (O(10km) for typical coastal stratification at mid-latitude), horizontal, vertical and temporal inhomogeneity is the rule rather than the exception.
Carbohydrate Oxidation Acidifies Endosomes, Regulating Antigen Processing and TLR9 Signaling

Phagocytes kill encapsulated microbes through oxidative cleavage of surface carbohydrates, releasing glycan fragments and microbial contents that serve as ligands for immune receptors, which tailor the immune response against the offending pathogen. The glycan fragments serve as MHC class II (MHC II) ligands and innate receptor agonists, whereas microbial proteins serve as substrates for proteolytic cleavage and MHC II presentation, and released nucleic acids activate innate pattern-recognition receptors (e.g., TLR9). In the current study, confocal microscopy of live macrophages and dendritic cells revealed that endocytosis of carbohydrates lead to vesicular acidification independent of proton pump activity. Acidification was dependent on NO-mediated oxidation in the presence of the ingested carbohydrate and was sufficient to negatively regulate T cell-dependent polysaccharide Ag cleavage, promote acid-dependent protein Ag processing, and facilitate CpG-mediated TLR9 signaling. Our findings lead to a model in which oxidation of carbohydrates from encapsulated microbes facilitates adaptive immune responses against microbial protein and carbohydrate Ags through promoting Ag processing for MHC II-mediated presentation as well as innate responses against released microbial DNA via TLR9 signaling.
Nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surfaces: Decoupling quantum equations of motion in the wide-band limit

When an electron in a localized orbital approaches a continuum, resonant charge transfer can occur. For instance, when a beam of ions is scattered from a metal surface, neutralization can take place through the transfer of an electron either from ion to metal--in the case of a negative ion--or from metal to ion--in the case of a positive ion. Similarly, a neutral atom may be ionized by removing an electron from the metal surface. In this paper, we introduce the wide-band diabatic dynamics (WBDD) method for simulating the quantum dynamics of such systems by decoupling the equations of motion for the ionic and neutral diabats. We show numerically that our approximation accurately describes the quantum nuclear dynamics near the metal surface. Although we treat the case of ion neutralization, our method is general, and can be applied to any quantum state interacting with a continuum via a position-dependent interaction, provided that the wide-band approximation holds.
A rapid, simple radiometric assay for cholinesterase, suitable for multiple determinations

Abstract A rapid and simple radiometric assay for cholinesterase, suitable for multiple determinations, has been developed. (3H-acetyl) choline is enzymatically hydrolyzed in a small reaction volume in a scintillation vial. The released [3H]acetate is then extracted into a toluene-based scintillator added directly to the vial, without removing the reaction volume. The extracted [3H]acetate counts efficiently, but the unhydrolyzed [3H]acetylcholine remains unextracted in the small aqueous reaction volume, from which its weak β-particles of decay do not escape to excite the scintillator. The assay is highly reproducible, quite sensitive, and useful for applications in which multiple samples must be quickly assayed.
New technologies to allow transdermal delivery of therapeutic proteins and small water-soluble drugs

Drugs currently on the market that can be delivered in patch form tend to be small, moderately lipophilic, potent drug molecules. The horizon of transdermal delivery can be expanded to small water-soluble drugs as well as macromolecules, such as therapeutic proteins, by several enhancement technologies that are being actively investigated. One promising technique is iontophoresis, which has been used for localized delivery of drugs, such as corticosteroids or lidocaine, for several years. Recently, a self-contained pre-filled wearable patch utilising this process has been commercialized for systemic delivery of fentanyl. A glucose-monitoring device based on electro-osmotic flow, which enables extraction of glucose from the interstitial fluid via reverse iontophoresis, is also on the market. Most of the other technologies use physical energy to permeabilize the skin. However, the current used in iontophoresis primarily acts on the drug itself. Delivery is controlled by the current and can thus be modulated if desired. The charge, size, structure, and lipophilicity of the drug all influence its transport. For peptides and proteins, the ideal candidate for iontophoretic delivery is that with a high isoelectric point and a molecular weight <10 kDa. For larger proteins, skin microporation and phonophoresis are promising techniques. Skin microporation can be achieved by thermal means or by using mechanical microneedles. This minimally invasive technique is painless and can deliver a drug of any size through the micron-sized holes created in the skin. Mechanical microneedles may be made of silicon, metal, polymer, or maltose and may be solid or hollow. Phonophoresis or sonophoresis uses sounds that have a frequency beyond 20 kHz to permeabilize the skin. Electroporation is another technology that reversibly permeabilizes the skin by the application of short, high-voltage pulses. Other technologies being evaluated include chemical enhancers, liquid spray-on products, controlled skin abrasion, radiofrequency induced microchannels, and particle mediated immunization.
RELIABILITY OF, DIFFERENCE AND CORRELATION BETWEEN FAR AND NEAR HYPERPHORIAS

Far and near hyperphorias were obtained from three groups of subjects, 25 each. Retest reliability from group 1 was high (0.96 and 0.99). Far then near hyperphorias from group 2 was highly correlated (0.94). Near then far hyperphorias from group 3 was not Significantly correlated. Frequency of occurrence of hyperphorias in. the reversed order of near then far measurement was significantly higher than that in the usual order of far then near, indicating influence of some undetermined sources. No significant difference was found between any comparison of the means. Thus, near hyperphoria may be omitted in the usual order of clinical measurement.
Thermal fatigue testing of coatings for fusion reactor applications

Abstract Thermal fatigue testing was performed on eight coated or clad materials which have potential application as limiters in pulsed tokamak fusion devices. They are (1) chemically vapor-deposited coatings of TiC, TiB 2 and boron on graphite, (2) plasma-sprayed TiB 2 on copper, (3) a chemical conversion coating of VB 2 on vanadium-clad copper, (4) titanium-clad copper and (5) vanadium-clad copper. Testing consisted of up to 1000 cycles of electron beam heating for 1.5 s at beam power densities of 1 and 2 kW cm −2 . Three materials, chemically vapor-deposited TiC and TiB 2 on graphite, and plasma-sprayed TiB 2 on copper, survived the 1000 cycle 2 kW cm −2 test with slight but acceptable damage. The most notable test failure was VB 2 on vanadium-clad copper which deformed severely by a thermal ratcheting mechanism and displayed subsurface melting.
The Long- Term Safety and Efficacy of Intrathecal Therapy Using Sufentanil in Chronic Intractable Non-Malignant Pain

This report describes the long term safety and efficacy of intrathecal therapy using Sufentanil for the management of chronic intractable neuropathic pain in 12 chronic pain patients. Standardized psychological screening was used to determine treatment suitability. Evaluation data included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Wong-Baker Faces Scale, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, and complications (granulomas, toxicity, withdrawal, or deaths). SPSS version 18 was used for data analysis. Pre- and post- treatment BPI measures and pain scale scores showed a statistically significant difference. There were no complications directly related to drug toxicity, nor drug withdrawals, granulomas, or deaths. Intrathecal therapy with Sufentanil therapy offers a good treatment alternative for those cases that have failed both surgery and standard pain treatment. Strict patient selection based on psychological screening, control of co-morbidities, a proper pain management may contribute to successful outcome.
Dynamic Specification Testing and Diagnosis of High-Precision Sigma-Delta ADCs

High-resolution ADCs generally require high-end testers to ensure their performances meeting design specifications. This paper presents new test methods that facilitate to test such devices with low-cost testers.
Electrical synapses: Beyond speed and synchrony to computation

Classically, electrical synapses were thought only to increase the speed and synchrony of neural activity, but recent results suggest that rectifying electrical synapses can act as coincidence detectors, and regulation of the strength of other electrical synapses can enhance oscillatory or asynchronous neural activity.
Strongly correlated quasi-one-dimensional bands: Ground states, optical absorption, and phonons

Using the Lanczos method for exact diagonalization on systems up to 14 sites, combined with a novel phase randomization'' technique for extracting more information from these small systems, we investigate several aspects of the one-dimensional Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian, in the context of trans-polyacetylene: the dependence of the ground state dimerization on the strength of the electron-electron interactions, including the effects of off-diagonal'' Coulomb terms generally ignored in the Hubbard model; the phonon vibrational frequencies and dispersion relations, and the optical absorption properties, including the spectrum of absorptions as a function of photon energy. These three different observables provide considerable insight into the effects of electron-electron interactions on the properties of real materials and thus into the nature of strongly correlated electron systems. 29 refs., 11 figs.
The uses of history in intelligence analysis

(1993). The uses of history in intelligence analysis. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 297-301.
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE PREOPERATIVE HANDOVER COMMUNICATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

We sought to better understand the preoperative neonatal intensive care unit to operating room (NICU-to-OR) handover process and to elicit barriers to effective handovers. We first conducted observations of NICU-to-OR handovers to ascertain current handover practices, including the participants involved, handover content, as well as barriers and facilitators of effective handovers. We then developed a survey tool to assess the generalizability of our findings to other NICUs across the country. The resulting pilot data highlight key areas for future research and potential interventions to improve the quality of NICU-to-OR care transitions.
Student Library Ownership and Building the Communicative Commons

ABSTRACTBased on William Birdsall's research on the Communicative Commons (2010), this research moves toward reworking the commons model by integrating classical definitions of the commons with theories of psychological ownership, the Information/Learning Commons, and engaged learning and citizenship behaviors. This research seeks to enable institutions without the financial resources for physical renovations projects to create an environment in their libraries capable of training students to become citizen-scholars by providing the goal of increasing student ownership over library resources. It argues that prioritizing student participation within the library may be the best preparation for participation in the wider cultural commons post-graduation.
Oxygen consumption predicts outcomes in lung transplant candidates with pulmonary fibrosis

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION PREDICTS OUTCOMES IN LUNG TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES WITH PULMONARY FIBROSIS S.M. Kawut, M.K. OShea, M.N. Bartels, J.R. Sonett, S.M. Arcasoy, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Deparment of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
Patterns of leader characteristics: Implications for performance and development.

Abstract Current theories of leadership suggest that certain types of individuals are especially likely to succeed as leaders in certain organizations. The intent in the present article was to first identify types or subgroups of individuals entering the U.S. Army based on ability, personality, and motivational characteristics, and subsequently identify which types tend to be found in upper level positions. A Ward and Hook cluster analysis revealed seven types in a sample of junior Army officers. Three of these types are also particularly prominent among upper level Army leadership positions. The seven types displayed some differences in skills and patterns of career development. Based on these findings, it was concluded that organizations should recognize the need for different types of people to fill different types of organizational leadership roles.
The absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes

Myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes were prepared from heart, liver and epididymal fat pad of the rat. No detectable level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was found. Evidence is also presented which indicates the absence from these cells of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase. Previous findings by others of the presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase probably resulted from erythrocytes sequestered in the tissue.
CT scans at outlying hospitals improve understanding of advanced trauma life support noncompliance

We investigated the incidence, determinants, and consequences of CT scans performed at outlying hospitals on patients who met the criteria for immediate transfer to a level I or II trauma center. Guidelines disseminated through advanced trauma life support (ATLS) facilitate the movement of patients to the appropriate level of care, contributing to a 25% reduction in mortality [1]. Acquisition of CT scans of severely injured patients at outlying nontrauma hospitals violates those guidelines.
Study of the hydration of a Na+ ion tightly bound to H2PO−4. Importance of polarization

We report some results of a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction H2PO−4+Na++nH2O with n=9, 12, 14. We use a polarizable model for both H2O and H2PO−4. According to our calculation, a potential fitted to available ab initio studies produces a strong binding between Na+ and H2PO−4. It is such that hydration of the Na+ ion is not clearly observed. Regardless of this we can conclude that the effect of assuming the H2PO−4 polarizable is not significant.
Dielectric relaxation of point defects in α‐quartz

A study of dielectric relaxation, primarily of synthetic crystals of α-quartz, in the temperature range from 10 to 200 °K shows four peaks. Two of the peaks which fall at 32 and 76 °K (frequency 2 kHz) are the same as those observed earlier by Stevels and Volger and attributed to Al3+Na+ substitutional-interstitial (s−i) pairs. The 76 °K peak was observed for X-cut as well as Z-cut samples, confirming a prediction of Nowick and Stanley. The other two peaks, which fall at 100 and 138 °K are apparently related to each other, but differ from any other peaks previously reported. They are believed to be due to a different s−i pair. A model is developed which provides a unified approach to the various peaks due to s−i pairs in α-quartz.
Intraoperative assessment of microsurgery with three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) for use in the assessment of the microsurgical anastomoses of vessels and nerves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OCT is an optical analogue of ultrasonography and is capable of imaging nontransparent biologic tissue by detecting backscattered infrared light. Cross-sectional in vitro images of rabbit and human vessels and nerves were obtained in as little as 125 msec at 10-micron resolution by using a solid-state laser as a light source. A surgical microscope was integrated with OCT to perform simultaneous imaging with en face visualization. Cross-sectional images were assembled to produce three-dimensional reconstructions of microsurgical specimens. RESULTS: Three-dimensional OCT reconstructions depicted the structure within an arterial anastomosis and helped identify sites of luminal obstruction. The longitudinal spatial orientation of individual nerve fascicles was tracked in three dimensions to identify changes in position. In vitro huma...
Exact numerical technique for the analysis of step discontinuities and tapers in optical dielectric waveguides

In this paper, we first review the existing analytical methods used to analyze step discontinuities and tapers in optical dielectric waveguides. We then develop an exact numerical technique for determining the transmitted, reflected, and radiated power that is due to a step discontinuity or a taper in an optical dielectric waveguide. We demonstrate the method by evaluating step discontinuities and tapers in various symmetric and asymmetric slab waveguides. Unlike with previous analytical methods, no physical approximations are made throughout the entire analysis. For this reason, our method can be used to evaluate a step discontinuity or a taper in a dielectric waveguide of arbitrary cross section, regardless of the magnitude of the geometrical mismatch between the input and the output waveguide sections.
Estimating the effect of child mortality on the number of births.

This article rigorously derives the properties of the regression of births on child deaths. It is shown how the raw regression coefficient may be corrected for the effects of fertility on mortality so that the rate at which dead children are replaced may be estimated. The method is applied to data from Colombia. It is found that the mortality rate differs across individuals and is correlated with fertility. Such conditions vitiate the use of birth intervals and parity progression ratios yet can be dealt with using the new method. On average each death produces 0.2 new births as a direct result of the death. Fertility hoarding may raise the total fertility response to roughly one-half birth per death.
TIMP-1 deficiency leads to lethal partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs during trauma, shock, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and other surgical procedures where blood supply to liver is temporarily interrupted 1. Hepatic IR-related damage is the result of various factors that include leukocyte migration, release of cytokines and free radicals 1, 2. Leukocytes migration across endothelial and extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers is dependent on cellular adhesion-release and focal matrix degradation mechanisms 3. While adhesion molecules are important for the successful leukocyte transmigration by providing leukocyte attachment to the endothelium, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are critical for facilitating leukocyte movement across vascular barriers 3. In this regard, our previous studies showed an important role for leukocyte-expressed MMP-9, or gelatinase B, as a key mediator of leukocyte transmigration leading to liver injury 4. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of naturally occurring inhibitors of MMPs. Alterations in the MMP-TIMP balance have been linked to pathological conditions that require disruption of the basement membrane, such as tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and wound healing 5. There are at least four identified members (TIMP 1-4) in the TIMP family, varying in tissue specific expression and in their ability to inhibit various MMPs 6. Among the different TIMPs, TIMP-1 is of particular interest; TIMP-1 is a 28.5 kDa soluble glycoprotein known to inhibit MMP-9 with high affinity, without interacting with MMP-2, or gelatinase A (the other member of the gelatinase family), as it lacks the required C-terminal MMP-2 interacting residues 7, 8. In addition to its ability to inhibit MMP activity, TIMP-1 possesses other biological activities, such as cell growth regulation, that are just beginning to be recognized and characterized 9. The specific effects of the TIMPs are likely depending on the cell context and on the pathological condition. While TIMP-1 has been detected in the plasma of patients after liver transplantation 10, and in rat liver grafts after IRI 11, its role in liver IRI, or in OLT, remains to be established. Therefore, in the present study, we used mice lacking TIMP-1 to examine the significance of TIMP-1 expression in hepatic IRI.
The acquisition of egg cytoplasmic non-histone proteins by nuclei during nuclear reprogramming.

Summary Inseminated eggs and nuclear transplants of Rana pipiens were labeled with [3H]tryptophan. Both the pronuclei of fertilized eggs and the late gastrula endodermal nuclei of transplants concentrated label during the first cell cycle of the egg, and this label was resistant to boiling TCA. These studies demonstrate that nuclear reprogramming is accompanied by the nuclear acquisition of cytoplasmic non-histone proteins from the egg.
THE MYTH-RITUAL COMPLEX: A BIOGENETIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

. The structuring and transformation of myth is presented as a function of a number of brain “operators.” Each operator is understood to represent specifically evolved neural tissue primarily of the neocortex of the brain. Mythmaking as well as other cognitive processes is seen as a behavior arising from the evolution and integration of certain parts of the brain. Human ceremonial ritual is likewise understood as the culmination of a long phylogenetic evolutionary process, and a neural model is presented to explain its properties. Finally, the mechanism by which ritual is used to resolve the antinomies of myth structure is explored.
Testosterone stimulation of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase levels and biosynthesis in rat ventral prostate

The effects of testosterone on mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAAT) synthesis in rat ventral prostate was investigated. Procedures for the isolation, purification and characterization of AAT isozymes were developed and described. Purified mAAT preparations contained no demonstrable contaminating proteins. Prostatic mAAT was characterized as a cationic protein with an estimated mol. wt of 120,000. Cytoplasmic AAT (cAAT) isozyme was identified as an anionic protein with an estimated mol. wt of 132,000. A cytosolic cationic isozyme, similar to mAAT, was also identified as pre-mAAT. Testosterone administration to castrated rats resulted in significant increases in leucine incorporation into mAAT, in the level of mAAT, and in mAAT activity. These effects of testosterone were observed within 2 h of administration. Conversely, testosterone administration had none of these effects on cAAT or on non-AAT protein pool. Testosterone treatment did appear to increase leucine incorporation into pre-mAAT. Testosterone treatment in organ cultures and in prostate epithelial cell cultures resulted in the same stimulatory effects on mAAT as observed in the in vivo studies. The hormone was effective at the physiological concentration of 2 × 10−9M. These results indicated that testosterone has a rapid and specific effect on the biosynthesis of mAAT. This continues to support our proposal that testosterone regulates prostate citrate production via a stimulatory effect on mAAT which results in increased mitochondrial synthesis of citrate from aspartate.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lip in renal homograft recipients

Forty-four squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin and lip were observed in 9 of 464 renal homograft recipients. Clinically and histologically the SCC's fell into two groups. Two patients with widespread warts, suggestive of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, showed multiple SCC's predominantly on the upper extremities which were associated with minimal solar elastosis of the adjacent dermis. The other seven patients did not have widespread warts; their SCC's occurred predominantly on the head and neck and were associated with prominent solar elastosis of the adjacent dermis. The degree of solar elastosis was particularly striking in view of the young age of this group (mean age: 37 years). Inflammatory cellular response to the transplant SCC's was significantly diminished in comparison with a group of control SCC's from non-immunosuppressed patients. In both transplant groups sunlight appears to be an important etiologic factor; in the first group viruses may also be important.
Polynomial geometric programming as a special case of semi-infinite linear programming

This paper develops a wholly linear formulation of the posynomial geometric programming problem. It is shown that the primal geometric programming problem is equivalent to a semi-infinite linear program, and the dual problem is equivalent to a generalized linear program. Furthermore, the duality results that are available for the traditionally defined primal-dual pair are readily obtained from the duality theory for semi-infinite linear programs. It is also shown that two efficient algorithms (one primal based and the other dual based) for geometric programming actually operate on the semi-infinite linear program and its dual.
181: A patient with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

A patient suffering from pyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency was observed during more than 2 years. Psychomotor retardation, muscular hypotonia and abundant subcutaneous fat were present. The neurologic picture was not suggestive for Leigh's disease. An extreme hyperlactacidemia (ranging from 4-20 mM) was observed. Prolonged fasting induced hypoglycemia, which was absent during a similar experiment 6 months later. A severe ‘diabetic’ ketoacidosis was observed after the first fasting experiment. Low insulin levels were assessed. Besides high urinary concentrations of lactic acid, increased concentrations of malic acid, fumaric, succinic, and α-ketoglutaric acid were observed. PC-activity, (determined immediately), was shown to be extremely decreased in liver tissue. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (liver, leucocytes), PEP-carboxykinase- (liver)and fructose-l,6-diphosphatase - (liver) were normal. Administration of the coenzymes of pyruvate carboxylase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, of supplements of Mg++, of aspartic acid, glutamic acid combined with pyridoxin did not improve the hyperlactacidemia. A chronic granulocytopenia was observed. Severe bacterial infections have not occurred. Normal granulocyte concentrations were observed during bacterial infections, stress or epinephrine administration.
Displacement Fringes in FeAl

The occurrence of displacement fringes in an annealed and slow cooled specimen of B2-structured FeAl alloy is found. These displacement fringes arise on the {100} planes and are thought to be due to thin planar precipitates. Das Auftreten von Verschiebungsstreifen wird in einer verguteten und langsam abgekuhlten Probe einer B2-strukturierten FeAl-Legierung beobachtet. Diese Verschiebungsstreifen treten in der {100}-Ebene auf und es wird angenommen, das sie die Folge von dunnen flachen Abseheidun-gen sind.
Identification and Placement of Students with Serious Emotional Disturbance. Part I: Correlates of State Child-Count Data.

Research on students with serious emotional disturbances (SED) suggests that these children are significantly underidentified. National special education data bear out this conclusion to a large extent. However, the rate at which U.S. public schools identify children as SED varies considerably across states. The relationships between those rates of identification and a set of demographic and economic variables that have been found to be important in earlier work were examined in this research. Significant correlations were found between SED identification and several state economic variables. A regression analysis indicated that variation in per pupil revenue explains about one fourth of the variance in identification rates. Significant differences were found among groups of states based on region, elementary and secondary expenditure, per pupil revenue, and per capita income. Regional differences were maintained, even when the effects of per pupil revenue were removed. The implications of these findings ...
The History of the Surgical Treatment of Portal Hypertension

The history of the surgical treatment of portal hypertension is pockmarked by abbreviated observation of a small series 2 and sometimes resounding pessimism, 3,4 but sporadic success with a myriad of techniques, 1 refurbishment of once-abandoned procedures, 5,6 and occasional innovation 7,8 have kept it going forward. Perhaps intrahepatic portosystemic endovascular stents introduced percutaneously through the internal jugular vein will remain patent and become widely used. The technique is minimally invasive, and so far results in eight patients have been quite encouraging. 8 According to Whipple, 5 normal portal pressure varies from 8 to 13 mm Hg. Portal hypertension, defined as chronic elevation above this level, is caused in some instances by extrahepatic thrombosis, but more commonly by intrahepatic presinusoidal or postsinusoidal obstruction. The simple causal relationship of increased pressure brought about by increased resistance is immediately confounded by manifold circulatory alterations focused at first in the splanchnic viscera, including
Orthogonal Main-Effect 2 n 3 m Designs and Two-Factor Interaction Aliasing

Methods are presented for the determination of the alias matrix of two-factor interactions for the orthogonal main-effect 2 n 3 m plans catalogued by Addelman and Kempthorne. This catalogue includes Placket-Burman designs and designs obtained by replacement in 2 n–p plans or collapsing in 3 m–m plans. Systematic methods are included to facilitate the data computations. For standard r n–p factorial designs, techniques are given to determine a set of live factors, a generating set of linear sum congruences and the alias matrix. Additional orthogonal main-effect 2 n 3 m designs are constructed to supplement the Addelman-Kempthorne catalogue of designs.
An Interactive Web-Based Tool for Detecting Verification (Work-up) Bias in Studies of the Efficacy of Diagnostic Imaging

Rationale and Objectives Diagnostic tests are validated by comparison against a “gold standard” reference test. When the reference test is invasive or expensive, it may not be applied to all patients. This results in biased estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. This type of bias is called “verification bias” and is a common problem in imaging research. The purpose of this study was to create an interactive web-based tool to help detect the presence of prevalence of verification bias in data. Materials and Methods The web-based tool was written using well-documented and freely available open-source software (HTML, Apache, Ruby, and R). Our calculator is currently hosted on a Mac OS X server, but should run with minor changes on most other platforms. Results Our program applies user-supplied study data to generate a global sensitivity analysis plot containing noncorrected and corrected values of sensitivity and specificity and 95% confidence intervals for these estimates. Interpretation of the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) plot is relatively simple. Because the characteristic GSA “butterfly” plot contains all possible values of sensitivity and specificity, any indices lying outside of this butterfly are therefore incompatible with the data, confirming that they are biased. Conclusions Our online calculator makes it easy for investigators to use global sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the presence of significant verification bias and to estimate bias-corrected values of sensitivity and specificity.
Lunar gravity analysis from long-term effects.

The global lunar gravity field was determined from a weighted least squares analysis of the averaged classical element of the five Lunar Orbiters.The observed-minus-computed residuals have been reduced by a factor of 10 from a previously derived gravity field.The values of the second-degree zonal and sectorial harmonics are compatible with those derived from libration data.
Validation of the Multiple-pass 24-hour Dietary Recall in Young Children; In-person Vs. Telephone Administered Interviews

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the effectiveness of two different methods (telephone vs. in-person) of collecting energy intake data using the multiple-pass 24-hour dietary When considering the growing problem of childhood obesity, it is important to be able to accurately measure both sides of the energy balance equation (energy intake and energy expenditure). This study examined the intake portion of the equation and validated two methods of obtaining dietary intake data. The purpose of this study was to compare interviewing methods when collecting intake data from young children using the multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall. Both an in-person interview and a telephone administered interview were used to collect energy intake data. The validity of these two methods was assessed by comparing their values to the total energy expenditure (TEE) as determined using doubly labeled water method. When subjects are in energy balance, TEE can be used as a reference standard because energy intake is essentially the same as energy expenditure. The subjects were 10 volunteers (3 males, 7 females), aged 4-7. The volunteers were studied at the University of Vermont, Clinical Research Center/Sims Obesity Nutrition Research Center. No significant difference was found when comparing telephone and in-person interviewing methods with TEE (F=1.77, p=0.23). Thus, telephone administered multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls can be just as effective as a multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall obtained from an in-person interview.
Combining neural networks and decision trees

Neural networks and decision trees are two common approaches to pattern recognition. In this paper, these approaches are combined to develop a new neural network architecture based on decision trees and a new learning rule to grow this architecture using neural network techniques. The resulting neural network is called a neural tree network (NTN). The NTN can be implemented very efficiently as compared to multilayer perceptrons (MLP). The learning algorithm is more efficient than the exhaustive search techniques used in standard decision tree methods. The algorithm also grows the network, thus finding the correct number of neurons as opposed to the backpropagation algorithm used to train MLPs in which the number of neurons and their interconnections must be known before learning can begin. Two different approaches are presented to grow the NTN based on self-organizing clustering techniques and a supervised learning rule. Simulation results are presented on a speaker-independent vowel recognition task which show the superiority of the NTN approach over both MLPs and decision trees.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Ambulatist: A Health Care Professional Specializing in Lifestyle Medicine for Chronic Disease Care Coordination

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity pose a significant burden on the US health care system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that 70% of Ameri...
Effect of internal fission-fragment irradiation on critical currents and flux creep in Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O superconductors doped with UO2

Fission fragment damage was introduced into samples of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy, doped with various levels of UO2, by irradiation with thermal neutrons. The critical temperatures were unchanged. Concurrent with an increase in intragranular Jc previously reported, a decrease in flux creep was observed. The apparent pinning potential for creep at 10 K and 0.8 T increased on irradiation by about two to three times for both the 2212 and 2223 compounds. This increased apparent pinning potential is attributed to the strong pinning introduced by the damage caused by the travel of the fission fragments through the crystal. Pinning potential after irradiation increased with an increase in the amount of UO2 in the sample. The increase in bulk pinning potential on irradiation was proportional to the increase in intragranular critical currents on irradiation, qualitatively as expected theoretically.
Scaling of standard energy metabolism in mammals: I. Neglect of circadian rhythms.

Abstract The original data employed to derive the three-quarters power rule relating standard or basal energy metabolism in mammals to adult body weight are examined. It is shown that the data may contain a systematic bias due to an (apparent) neglect of circadian rhythms. Correction for this bias would tend to decrease the slope of the regression line, bringing it into better conformity with the value of about two-thirds obtained in a recent study of a larger sample by Bartels 1982
MWIR LED array for high temperature target simulation

We report here the light emission from IR interband-cascade (IC) Type-II-super lattice LED structures. The light emission is observed from bottom side through the substrate. We employed two different IC epitaxial structures for the LED experiments consisting of 9 or 18 periods of active super lattice gain regions separated by multilayer injection regions. The light output (and the voltage drop) of the LEDs is observed to increase with decrease of device operating temperature from room temperature (300 K) to liquid helium temperature (4 K). At low temperature the light emission as well as voltage drop has peak like structure with device injection currents. We observed a red shift in peak wavelength of LED emission with higher DC injection current where as blue shift due to pulsed injection current.