cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Platelet-derived Growth Factor-induced Phospholipase D Activation in Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts Lacking Phospholipase C-γ1

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) activates phospholipase D (PLD) in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). In order to investigate a role for phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), we used targeted disruption of the Plcg1 gene in the mouse to develop Plcg1 +/+ andPlcg1 −/− cell lines.Plcg1 +/+ MEFs treated with PDGF showed a time- and dose-dependent increase in the production of total inositol phosphates that was substantially reduced inPlcg1 −/− cells.Plcg1 +/+ cells also showed a PDGF-induced increase in PLD activity that had a similar dose dependence to the PLC response but was down-regulated after 15 min. Phospholipase D activity, however, was markedly reduced in Plcg1 −/−cells. The PDGF-induced inositol phosphate formation and the PLD activity that remained in the Plcg1 −/− cells could be attributed to the presence of phospholipase C-γ2 (PLC-γ2) in the Plcg1 −/− cells. The PLC-γ2 expressed in the Plcg1 −/− cells was phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to PDGF treatment, and a small but significant fraction of the Plcg1 −/− cells showed Ca2+ mobilization in response to PDGF, suggesting that the PLC-γ2 expressed in the Plcg1 −/− cells was activated in response to PDGF. The inhibition of PDGF-induced phospholipid hydrolysis in Plcg1 −/− cells was not due to differences in the level of PDGF receptor or in the ability of PDGF to cause autophosphorylation of the receptor. Upon treatment of the Plcg1 −/− cells with oleoylacetylglycerol and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin to mimic the effect of PLC-γ1, PLD activity was restored. The targeted disruption ofPlcg1 did not result in universal changes in the cell signaling pathways of Plcg1 −/− cells, because the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was similar inPlcg1 +/+ and Plcg1 −/−cells. Because increased plasma membrane ruffles occurred in bothPlcg1 +/+ and Plcg1 −/−cells following PDGF treatment, it is possible neither PLC nor PLD are necessary for this growth factor response. In summary, these data indicate that PLC-γ is required for growth factor-induced activation of PLD in MEFs.
Fisherian Transmission and Efficient Arbitrage under Partial Financial Indexation: The Case of Chile

Partial financial indexation in Chile has produced a system in which most bank deposits are 30-day nonindexed deposits or 90-day indexed deposits. This paper uses data on the interest rates of these financial assets to test the joint hypothesis of rational expectations, efficient arbitrage, and a time-invariant liquidity premium. The data are also used to test whether the indexed/nonindexed interest spread is an accurate predictor of future changes in inflation, as the Fisher effect dictates. The significant implications of this empirical analysis for monetary policy are discussed.
Information distance-based selective feature clarity measure for iris recognition

Iris recognition systems have been tested to be the most accurate biometrics systems. However, poor quality images greatly affect accuracy of iris recognition systems. Many factors can affect the quality of an iris image, such as blurriness, resolution, image contrast, iris occlusion, and iris deformation, but blurriness is one of the most significant problems for iris image acquisition. In this paper, we propose a new method to measure the blurriness of an iris image called information distance based selective feature clarity measure. Different from any other approach, the proposed method automatically selects portions of the iris with most changing patterns to measure the level of blurriness based on their frequency characteristics. Log-Gabor wavelet is used to capture the features of the selected portions. By comparing the information loss from the original features to blurred versions of the same features, the algorithm decides the clarity of the original iris image. The preliminary experiment results show that this method is effective.
Diet and salivation in female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Abstract Salivary glands of the female mosquito, Aedes aegypti, contain an α-glucosidase in their proximal lobes and an apyrase in the distal lobes. Following a liquid sugar meal, there is a significant reduction in the activity of the salivary glucosidase, but no significant reduction in the activity of the apyrase. Following a blood meal, both enzyme activities are significantly reduced. The rate of accumulation of both enzymes after a blood meal differs. The glucosidase activity returns to nonfed control values within 1 h of the blood meal and increases to 3 times the control values after 2 days. Salivary apyrase activity remains significantly lower than control values for up 3 h after the blood meal, reaches control values by 24 h and becomes significantly (30%) higher than control values 2 days after the blood meal. Total salivary gland protein levels remain significantly lower than control values for up to 3 h after a blood meal and return to control values at 24 h. A neuro-humoral model is postulated to explain the results.
Synaptic potentials and effects of amino acid antagonists in the auditory cortex

Abstract Neurons of in vitro guinea pig and rat auditory cortex receive a complex synaptic pattern of afferent information. As many as four synaptic responses to a single-stimulus pulse to the gray or white matter can occur, an early-EPSP followed, sequentially, by an early-IPSP, late-EPSP. and late-IPSP. Paired pulse stimulation and pharmacological studies show that the early-IPSP can modify information transmission that occurs by way of the early-EPSP. Each of these four synaptic responses differed in estimated reversal potential and each was differentially sensitive to antagonism by pharmacological agents. DNQX (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), a quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist, blocked the early-EPSP and the late-EPSP was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV (D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate). The early-IPSP was blocked by the GABA-a receptor antagonist bicuculline. and the late-IPSP by the GABA-b receptor antagonists 2-OH saclofen or phaclofen. Presentation of stimulus trains, even at relatively low intensities, could produce a long-lasting APV-sensitive membrane depolarization. Also discussed is the possible role of these synaptic potentials in auditory cortical function and plasticity.
Identification of the Guanylyltransferase Region and Active Site in Reovirus mRNA Capping Protein λ2

The 144-kDa λ2 protein of mammalian reovirus catalyzes a number of enzymatic activities in the capping of reovirus mRNA, including the transfer of GMP from GTP to the 5′ end of the 5′-diphosphorylated nascent transcript. This reaction proceeds through a covalently autoguanylylated λ2-GMP intermediate. The smaller size of RNA capping guanylyltransferases from other organisms suggested that the λ2-associated guanylyltransferase would be only a part of this protein. Limited proteinase K digestion of baculovirus-expressed λ2 was used to generate an amino-terminal M r42,000 fragment that appears to be both necessary and sufficient for guanylyltransferase activity. Although lysine 226 was identified by previous biochemical studies as the active-site residue that forms a phosphoamide bond with GMP in autoguanylylated λ2, mutation of lysine 226 to alanine caused only a partial reduction in guanylyltransferase activity at the autoguanylylation step. Alanine substitution for other lysines within the amino-terminal region of λ2 identified lysine 190 as necessary for autoguanylylation and lysine 171 as an important contributor to autoguanylylation. A novel active-site motif is proposed for the RNA guanylyltransferases of mammalian reoviruses and otherReoviridae members.
Spectroscopic Mapping of the White Horse Alunite Deposit, Marysvale Volcanic Field, Utah: Evidence of a Magmatic Component

Previous studies have demonstrated that the replacement alunite deposits just north of the town of Marysvale, Utah, USA, were formed primarily by low-temperature (100°–170° C), steam-heated processes near the early Miocene paleoground surface, immediately above convecting hydrothermal plumes. Pyrite-bearing propylitically altered rocks occur mainly beneath the steam-heated alunite and represent the sulfidized feeder zone of the H 2 S-dominated hydrothermal fluids, the oxidation of which at higher levels led to the formation of the alunite. Maps of surface mineralogy at the White Horse deposit generated from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were used in conjunction with X-ray diffraction studies of field samples to test the accuracy and precision of AVIRIS-based mineral mapping of altered rocks and demonstrate the utility of spectroscopic mapping for ore deposit characterization. The mineral maps identified multiple core zones of alunite that grade laterally outward to kaolinite. Surrounding the core zones are dominantly propylitically altered rocks containing illite, montmorillonite, and chlorite, with minor pyrite, kaolinite, gypsum, and remnant potassium feldspar from the parent rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. The AVIRIS mapping also identified fracture zones expressed by ridge-forming selvages of quartz + dickite + kaolinite that form a crude ring around the advanced argillic core zones. Laboratory analyses identified the aluminum phosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals woodhouseite and svanbergite in one sample from these dickite-bearing argillic selvages. Reflectance spectroscopy determined that the outer edges of the selvages contain more dickite than do the medial regions. The quartz + dickite ± kaolinite ± APS-mineral selvages demonstrate that fracture control of replacement processes is more prevalent away from the advanced argillic core zones. Although not exposed at the White Horse deposit, pyrophyllite ± ordered illite was identified using AVIRIS in localized, superimposed conduits within propylitically altered rocks in nearby alteration systems of similar age and genesis that have been eroded to deeper levels. The fracture zones bearing pyrophyllite, illite, dickite, natroalunite, and/or APS minerals indicate a magmatic component in the dominantly steam-heated system.
Sequence specific inhibition of human type II phospholipase A2, enzyme activity by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were identified which directly inhibited human type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity in a sequence specific manner. The minimum pharmacophore common to all oligonucleotides which inhibited PLA2 enzyme activity consisted of two sets of three or more consecutive guanosine residues in a row. These oligonucleotides appear to form G quartets resulting in the formation of oligonucleotide aggregates. Additionally, a phosphorothioate backbone was required to be effective inhibitors of type II PLA2. The activity of one oligodeoxynucleotide, IP 3196 (5'-GGGTGGGTATAGAAGGGCTCC-3') has been characterized in more detail. IP 3196 inhibited PLA2 enzyme activity when the substrate was presented in the form of a phospholipid bilayer but not when presented in the form of a mixed micelle with anionic detergents. Human type II PLA2 was 50-fold more sensitive to inhibition by IP 3196 than venom and pancreatic type I enzymes. These data demonstrate that phosphorothioate oligonucleotides can specifically inhibit human type II PLA2 enzyme activity in a sequence specific manner.
The μPIVOT: an integrated particle image velocimeter and optical tweezers instrument for microenvironment investigations.

A novel instrument to manipulate and characterize the mechanical environment in and around microscale objects in a fluidic environment has been developed by integrating two laser-based techniques: micron-resolution particle image velocimetry (µPIV) and optical tweezers (OT). This instrument, the µPIVOT, enables a new realm of microscale studies, yet still maintains the individual capabilities of each optical technique. This was demonstrated with individual measurements of optical trap stiffness (~70 pN µm−1 for a 20 µm polystyrene sphere and a linear relationship between trap stiffness and laser power) and fluid velocities within 436 nm of a microchannel wall. The integrated device was validated by comparing computational flow predictions to the measured velocity profile around a trapped particle in either a uniform flow or an imposed, gravity-driven microchannel flow (R2 = 0.988, RMS error = 13.04 µm s−1). Interaction between both techniques is shown to be negligible for 15 µm to 35 µm diameter trapped particles subjected to fluid velocities from 50 µm s−1 to 500 µm s−1 even at the highest laser power (1.45 W). The integrated techniques will provide a unique perspective toward understanding microscale phenomena including single-cell biomechanics, non-Newtonian fluid mechanics and single particle or particle–particle hydrodynamics.
Robust Feature Matching Through Maximal Cliques

A crucial step in the recognition or location of an object in an image is the proper identification of object features. If the features are not uniquely characterized by their local appearances, as is often the case in programmable assembly, the matching technique must base its decisions on the relative structure of the features. In this paper we describe a technique that uses the relative positions and orientations of the features to determine the correspondence between features of an object model and features observed in a picture. A graph is constructed in which maximal cliques (i.e., completely connected subgraphs) represent mutually consistent assignments of model features to observed features. The technique is a robust, general-purpose way to match structures. However, in practical applications its use is restricted to moderately sized graphs because the algorithm that locates maximal cliques is apparently exponential. For tasks that require the analysis of large graphs a few techniques are presented to reformulate them so that smaller graphs are sufficient.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The impact of changing moisture conditions on short-term P availability in weathered soils

Bioavailable phosphorus (P) represents a primary constraint on productivity in many ecosystems on highly-weathered soils. Soil moisture can be important to determining P bioavailability and net primary productivity in these systems. However, hydrologic controls on P availability remain poorly understood. We used “resins” (anion-exchange membranes) to quantify the response of labile P, an estimate of bioavailable P, to soil moisture conditions in two highly-weathered soils (rendzina, ultisol). The resins were either incubated in soil or shaken with a soil-water slurry. Resin incubations in aerobic soil effectively quantified labile P in soils under changing moisture conditions, extracting significant amounts of labile P while avoiding the disturbance imposed by slurries. Wetting field-moist soils resulted in pulsed labile P, with lagged peaks occurring days after the largest moisture additions. Re-wetting air-dried soils enhanced labile P immediately, with the largest amounts observed at the highest moisture levels; labile P steadily declined following the moisture addition. Soil moisture levels and history strongly impacted labile P, indicating the importance of both variables when interpreting labile P measurements. These results also suggest that P availability is linked to both the amount and timing of rainfall, with implications for plant productivity in regions exposed to changing moisture regimes.
An automatic instrument for preoperative ocular compression

Abstract An automated intermittent ocular compressor with built-in safety factors rapidly lowers intraocular pressure before surgery using a preselected degree of compression and a preselected cycle time.
BCIBench: a benchmarking suite for EEG-based brain computer interface

Increased demands for applications of brain computer interface (BCI) have led to growing attention towards their low-power embedded processing architecture design. Most clinical, wellness, and entertainment applications of BCI require wearable and portable devices. Better understanding of application characteristics in terms of computational complexity, memory usage, and power consumption can lead to more effective system designs for future wearable BCIs. In this paper, we introduce BCIBench, a benchmarking suite which includes a wide range of algorithms used for pre-processing, feature extraction and classification in BCI applications. We analyze the architectural characteristics of these algorithms such as performance, data-intensiveness and memory behavior. We provide insights into architectural components that can enhance the performance and reduce the power consumption of BCI embedded systems using these applications.
Theoretical Study of 1,2-Hydride Shift Associated with the Isomerization of Glyceraldehyde to Dihydroxy Acetone by Lewis Acid Active Site Models

The isomerization of glyceraldehyde to dihydroxy acetone catalyzed by the active site of Sn-beta zeolite is investigated using the B3LYP density functional and MP2 levels of theory. Structural studies were aimed to understanding the binding modes of glyceraldehyde with the active site, and the detailed free energy landscape was computed for the isomerization process. The rate-limiting step for the isomerization is the 1,2-hydride shift, which is enhanced by the active participation of the hydroxyl group in the hydrolyzed Sn-beta active site analogues to the one seen in the xylose isomerase. On the basis of the assessment of the activation barriers for isomerization by the Sn, Zr, Ti, and Si zeolite models, the activity of the catalysts are in the order of Sn > Zr > Ti > Si in aqueous dielectric media.
Effects of gender composition and group status differences on member perceptions of group developmental patterns, effectiveness, and productivity

This field study sought to ascertain whether all female or female dominated work groups, all male or male dominated work groups, and mixed sex work groups varied systematically in member perceptions of group developmental patterns, effectiveness, and productivity. The study also sought to determine whether high versus low status groups differed significantly on these variables. One hundred seventy-one work groups participated in the study. The results suggested that member perceptions of group functioning were more similar than different. Where significant differences were noted, group status, as opposed to gender composition, seemed to account for these differences in perception.
Clinical Perspectives of 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback: Benefits and Limitations

Z-Score neurofeedback has expanded to include 19-channel models (19ZNF) such that clinicians now have the option to use from 1 to 19 electrodes in a z-score neurofeedback protocol. Benefits and limitations of this new model are discussed from the clinical perspective of an early adopter of 19ZNF who has more than 4 years of experience with this modality after having several years of experience with QEEG-guided NF (QNF). Comparisons between QNF and 19ZNF are discussed. It has been suggested that 19ZNF can bring about positive clinical outcomes in fewer sessions than traditional NF, which matches the author's experience (average of 38 with QNF vs. an average of 11 with 19ZNF). Unique implications of 19ZNF that have not yet been discussed in the literature, such as the advantage of once-per-week sessions, or questions about whether there could be times when change can occur too fast, are introduced. Directions for future research to further evaluate 19ZNF are suggested.
Development of an in vitro colony formation assay for the evaluation of in vivo chemotherapy of a rat brain tumor.

An in vitro colony formation assay for the evaluation of in vivo brain tumor therapy has been developed. When plated, disaggregated cells derived from solid tumors proliferated to form relatively homogeneous colonies after a latency period of 2 to 6 days. Increasing concentrations of fetal calf serum enhanced colony-forming efficiency (CFE) with a plateau between 7 and 16%. Supplementation with either irradiated feeder cells (103 to 105 cells per dish), or medium conditioned by 1 to 3 days of in vitro incubation with the same cell line, doubled the CFE. The density of tumor cells (untreated or previously treated with chemotherapeutic agents) did not affect the CFE when a minimum of 104 total cells (tumor plus feeder) were plated. Therefore, in this system the optimal experimental conditions for evaluating chemotherapy and radiotherapy require incubation of disaggregated tumor cells for 12 days in medium containing 10% of fetal calf serum and enough feeder cells to provide a minimum of 104 cells per dish. The CFE for untreated tumors was 18±10% (±S.D.), demonstrating that there is significant biological variation. The assay appeared sensitive, with reproducible results, when applied to individual chemically treated tumors. An estimate of the percentage of clonogenic cells affected by in vivo chemotherapy may be obtained by comparing the CFE of cells from treated and untreated tumors. This assay can measure up to a 5 log10 cell kill, and it should prove to be valuable in developing more effective regimens for the treatment of solid tumors in animals and man.
An integrative model of grief

Much emphasis has been placed on individual grief reactions following the loss of a family member Increasingly, it is becoming apparent that families play a large role in the process of grieving. B...
Measurement of in‐plane magnetization by force microscopy

We present data which show that the magnetic force microscope is capable of detecting the component of the magnetic field parallel to the surface of a sample under study. Images of bits in a Co‐alloy thin‐film disk and of laser‐written bits in a TbFe film were taken with a magnetized tip tilted at 45° with respect to the surface normal. In both cases the asymmetric part of the image of a domain is interpreted in terms of gradients in the in‐plane component of the magnetic field. The bits written in the Co‐alloy disk were decorated with small magnetized particles, allowing identification of the domain boundaries and the asymmetric component of the force microscope image due to in‐plane magnetization.
The relation of foam behaviour to phase separations in polymer solutions

The portions of phase diagrams near the critical point of a phase separation denote compositions that show dramatic contrasts in foam behavior. Homogeneous solutions containing two or three components show foaminess at concentrations near those at which a phase separation occurs, with maximum foaminess near the critical-solution point. Defoaming occurs in heterogeneous systems consisting of conjugate solutions, especially near critical-solution points. Analogous behaviour is shown by polymer solutions, for which the place of a phase diagram is supplied by solubility parameters. The generality of the behaviour pattern makes it possible to predict foam behaviour of systems for which phase diagrams or solubilities are known.
Comparison of solutions of the Faddeev equation with variational results for a Yukawa potential

Abstract A recently proposed method of solving the Faddeev equation is tested by calculating the binding energies of three spinless Bosons with a local Yukawa potential. The calculated results are in agreement with results of variational calculations. The method is suitable for applications of the Faddeev equation to more complicated three-body problems.
Nonlinear absorption of soluble octasubstituted metallophtalocyanines at 1.064 μm

Abstract The nonlinear absorption and refraction of octasubstituted metalophthalocyanines (R 8 PcM: M = 2H, Cu) in solution is measured in the picosecond regime by the Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 1.064 μm. The results at different pulsewidths show that the nonlinear absorption process is dominated by two-photon absorption in the metal-free compound, and by excited state absorption in the Cu-substituted molecule.
Codon recognition by glycine transfer RNAs of Escherichia coli in vivo.

Abstract In order to provide evidence concerning the nature of codon recognition by isoaccepting transfer RNAs of Escherichia coli in vivo, we have carried out genetic experiments with appropriate glycine tRNA mutants that display altered coding specificities. Others have demonstrated that in the ribosome-triplet binding assay glyT tRNA is the only glycine-accepting tRNA that can respond to the glycine codon GGA. Using glyT-derived translational suppressors that respond to AGA, GAA, AAG, UGA and UGG, we have shown that glyT tRNA is indeed the only GGA-reader in vivo and that, rather than using a “two out of three” method of codon recognition, glycine tRNAs in the E. coli cell recognize all three nucleotides of a codon. Furthermore, the data suggest that some mutationally altered glyT tRNAs exhibit an unorthodox wobble in response to the first or second position of a codon.
Number of holes in unavoidable sets of partial words II

Partial words are sequences over a finite alphabet that may contain some undefined positions called holes. We consider unavoidable sets of partial words of equal length. We compute the minimum number of holes in sets of size three over a binary alphabet (summed over all partial words in the sets). We also construct all sets that achieve this minimum. This is a step towards the difficult problem of fully characterizing all unavoidable sets of partial words of size three.
Industrializing Structural Biology

X-ray crystallography is the method of choice for determining molecular structure. The accumulation of molecular structure information has allowed a more complete representation of three-dimensional protein folds, enabling more successful homology modeling of unknown structures. Breakthroughs in genome sequencing projects have underscored the need for concomitant advances in structural biology if we hope to determine the extent of protein folding-space and elucidate how an assembly of proteins constitutes a cellular organism. This essay outlines an industrial approach to high-throughput (HT) determination of molecular structures.
Psychological adjustment and patient information in inflammatory bowel disease: Development of two assessment instruments☆

Abstract Research on the psychological adjustments that patients must make in living with inflammatory bowel diseases, symptomatic and life-disrupting chronic illnesses, has been difficult to interpret because no standard measurement instruments of known reliability and validity have been available. Two studies are presented on the construction, validation and cross-validation of the two instruments measuring patient information and psychological adjustment in inflammatory bowel disease. Both scales were shown to be reliable on the basis of internal consistency. Convergent validity of the psychological adjustment scale with measures of self-esteem and social competence and with a measure of public self-consciousness was demonstrated, as was discriminant validity along the dimension of social desirability. Assumptions underlying the scales are discussed, and research and clinical applications are suggested.
The clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction

Acute liver failure and septic shock share many clinical features, including hyperdynamic cardiovascular collapse. Adrenal insufficiency may result in a similar cardiovascular syndrome. In septic shock, adrenal insufficiency, defined using the short synacthen test (SST), is associated with hemodynamic instability and poor outcome. We examined the SST, a dynamic test of adrenal function, in 45 patients with acute hepatic dysfunction (AHD) and determined the association of these results with hemodynamic profile, severity of illness, and outcomes. Abnormal SSTs were common, occurring in 62% of patients. Those who required noradrenaline (NA) for blood pressure support had a significantly lower increment (median, 161 vs. 540 nmol/L; P < .001) following synacthen compared with patients who did not. Increment and peak were lower in patients who required ventilation for the management of encephalopathy (increment, 254 vs. 616 nmol/L, P < .01; peak, 533 vs. 1,002 nmol/L, P < .01). Increment was significantly lower in those who fulfilled liver transplant criteria compared with those who did not (121 vs. 356 nmol/L; P < .01). Patients who died or underwent liver transplantation had a lower increment (148 vs. 419 nmol/L) and peak (438 vs. 764 nmol/L) than those who survived (P < .01). There was an inverse correlation between increment and severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, r = −0.63; P < .01). In conclusion, adrenal dysfunction assessed by the SST is common in AHD and may contribute to hemodynamic instability and mortality. It is more frequent in those with severe liver disease and correlates with severity of illness. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:395-402.)
Market structure, viewer welfare, and advertising rates in local broadcast television markets

Abstract We test the relationship between market structure, the price of advertising, and number of viewers in broadcast television markets, employing FCC license allocations as an instrument for structure. We find a positive relationship between concentration, advertising price, and viewership.
Quantum gravity and the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics

Three independent arguments are given for the conclusion that the distinction between quantum fluctuations and real statistical fluctuations in the state of a system will not be maintained in a theory that gives a correct description of phenomena in which quantum and gravitational effects are both important. As this distinction is absolute in terms of the orthodox interpretation of the quantum state something in either the interpretation of the quantum state or the interpretation of the thermodynamic state will have to be altered to construct a theory which describes both quantum and gravitational phenomena. I propose that we pursue the simplest possibility, which is to adopt the statistical interpretation of the wave function in which quantum fluctuations are understood to be ordinary statistical fluctuations in an ensemble of individual physical systems.
On the robust stability of segmented driveshafts with active magnetic bearing control

Many researchers and engineers have employed active control techniques, such as active magnetic bearings (AMBs), to suppress imbalance vibration in various subcritical and supercritical speed rotors dynamic applications. One issue that has not yet been addressed in previous AMB driveline control studies is the effect of non-constant velocity (NCV) flexible couplings, such as U-joint or disk-type couplings, present in many segmented drivelines. The NCV effects introduce periodic parametric and forcing terms into the equations of motion that are functions of shaft speed, driveline misalignment, and load-torque, resulting in a linear periodically time-varying system. Previous research has found that both internal damping and NCV terms greatly impact stability; thus, they must be accounted for in the control law design in order to ensure closed-loop stability of any AMB-NCV-driveline system. In this paper, numerical Floquet theory is used to explore the closed-loop stability of a flexible segmented NCV-drivel...
In-situ strain measurement with metallic thin film sensors

With increasing importance of 3D packaging systems, more and more dies will be stacked on top of each other and connected using through silicon vias (TSVs) and solder bumps. In-situ stress measurements near these bump pads are important to help understand the evolution of die stresses associated with the packaging process. Unlike piezoresistive doped Si sensors that require high-temperature processing, metal-based sensors use low-temperature fabrication processes. The sensor fabrication uses standard cleanroom processes such as UV lithography and physical vapor deposition. In this paper, thin-film micro-scale metallic (Ni/Cr) resistors have been studied with different design dimensions including gauge width, film thickness, and spacing between the lines in the serpentine pattern. Silicon test strips with sensors have been subjected to four-point bend testing, and finite-element simulations have been carried out to mimic the four-point bend testing as well as to determine stress contours where the sensors are placed.
Cyclization of N[2-(3-indolyl)acetyl]-5-aminovaleraldehydes and N[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl]-5-aminovaleraldehydes

Abstract Various model cyclizations related to the organic or biological synthesis of diverse indole alkaloids, are described and discussed, including: 18 → 20, 23 → 25, 28 → 31 and 29 → 35, 37, 38 and 39 (as aldehydes).
Chromosome breakage, fusion and reconstruction during P1dl transduction.

Abstract A P1 dl lysogen with some capacity for virion production, PL0100 Δ111 (P1 dl ), has been produced through low-frequency transduction of lac + genes from wild type Escherichia coli to a recipient with the proA-lac deletion X111 (Δ111). The P1 dl is a plasmid but has some homology with the host chromosome next to the Δ111 locus. When transduction is accomplished by single virions from PL0100, transductants with genetically novel P1 dl derivatives are obtained. Most common are transductants with P1 dl unstably integrated next to Δ111. There are also transductants phenotypically comparable to PL0100, but distinguishable from PL0100 by the properties of virions they produce. It is shown for a minute-plaque-forming derivative of the P1 dl , P1 min , that the genetically novel elements arise as a consequence of the transduction processes. Transductants indistinguishable from PL0100(P1 dl are obtained when two P1 dl containing virions and temperate P1 coinfect Δ111 recipients. It is suggested that the P1 dl chromosome is too large to be wholly encapsidated in P1 virions; novel P1 dl derivatives are formed when transduced P1 dl fragments are circularized through a fusion of DNA ends in recipients; in recipients of genetically complementary P1 dl DNAs, P1 dl chromosome reconstruction sometimes proceeds through crossing-over. Applications of these findings to problems of P1 dl formation through low-frequency transduction are discussed.
Generation of Large Moments in a Spin-1 Chain with Random Antiferromagnetic Couplings

We study the spin-1 chain with nearest neighbor couplings that are rotationally invariant, but include both Heisenberg and biquadratic exchange, with random strengths. We demonstrate, using perturbative renormalization group methods as well as exact diagonalization of clusters, that the system generates ferromagnetic couplings under certain circumstances even when all the bare couplings are antiferromagnetic. This disorder induced instability leads to formation of large magnetic moments at low temperatures, and is a purely quantum mechanical effect that does not have a classical counterpart. The physical origin of this instability, as well as its consequences, are discussed.
DYSPHORIA AND MARITAL DISCORD: ARE DYSPHORIC INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR MARITAL MALADJUSTMENT?

The effect of dysphoria on husbands' and wives' later marital adjustment was examined in a sample of 264 white couples about to marry who responded to advertisements. Relationship satisfaction and level of dysphoria were assessed in both spouses prior to marriage, 6 months after marriage, and 18 months after marriage. Premarital dysphoria was associated with later marital dissatisfaction. Husbands' premarital dysphoria, regardless of chronicity, was associated with greater deterioration in both their own and their partners' marital satisfaction. Wives' premarital dysphoria was associated with greater deterioration in marital satisfaction only if it was chronic. Results suggest that premarital dysphoria is associated with subsequent deterioration of marital relationships.
Influence of other people on consumer attributions toward brand and person

Abstract Attribution theory was used to make predictions about a product from knowledge of a consumer's behavior. Subjects were provided with information about the reactions of other people to a new product. This information varied in its consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus in accordance with attribution theory principles. The subjects used the reactions of others as a cue in their evaluation of products. The subjects were especially attentive to consensus information. Implications of these findings for product perception and attribution theory are discussed.
Novel techniques to modulate the holding voltage in high voltage ESD protections

Two new techniques are proposed to modulate the holding voltage of diode-isolated drain extended structures with no increase in area, capacitance, or DC leakage. The effectiveness of these techniques is verified using TCAD simulations as well as DC and TLP measurements.
Central projections of intracellularly labeled auditory nerve fibers in cats: morphometric correlations with physiological properties.

The central arborizations and endings of type I spiral ganglion neurons were labeled with intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after their characteristic frequency (CF) and spontaneous discharge rate (SR) were physiologically determined. A fiber-by-fiber analysis was conducted and the morphological data compared with the fiber’s response properties. The total number of branch points was correlated with total fiber length, a relationship that remained relatively constant when analyzing the ascending and descending branches together or separately. On the other hand, the ascending branches of four out of five fibers having CFs below 0.5 kHz bifurcated and gave rise to a pair of terminal endbulbs of Held. Low- and medium-SR fibers gave rise to more endings than did high-SR fibers, especially on the ascending branch. This difference was accounted for by small endings, a category composed of terminal boutons, string endings, and small complex endings. The categories of modified endbulbs, and endbulbs of Held did not vary in number with respect to fiber SR. The mean area of each ending type within the small ending category was statistically smaller for low- and medium-SR fibers than for high-SR fibers, whereas the mean area of modified endbulbs and endbulbs of Held was not correlated with fiber SR. Total ending area per fiber appeared independent of either CF or SR. These results are discussed in relation to issues of conservation of axon arborizations and terminals, and convergence of input from the different SR groups. In mammals, acoustic information originating from haircell receptors in the cochlea is transmitted to the brain by way of spiral ganglion neurons whose axons form the auditory nerve. Most of our present knowledge is derived from the more plentiful type I neurons. In adult cats, these type I neurons represent 90-95% of the ganglion population (Spoendlin, ’71), their peripheral processes contact inner hair cells exclusively (Kiang et al., ’82; Liberman and Oliver, ’84), their central processes are myelinated (Arnesen and Osen, ’781, and they exhibit a cochleotopic projection into the cochlear nucleus (Fekete et al., ’84). Golgi studies of this population of auditory nerve fibers established their basic structure (Lorente de N6, ’81; Ramdn y Cajal, ’091, upon which other anatomical variations are imposed. We are now concerned with studying those variations hypothesized to have functional significance.
Process Model for the Production of Syngas via High Temperature Co-Electrolysis

A process model has been developed to evaluate the potential performance of a large-scale high-temperature co-electrolysis plant for the production of syngas from steam and carbon dioxide. The co-electrolysis process allows for direct electrochemical reduction of the steam-carbon dioxide gas mixture, yielding hydrogen and carbon monoxide, or syngas. The process model has been developed using the Honeywell UniSim systems analysis code. Using this code, a detailed process flow sheet has been defined that includes all the components that would be present in an actual plant such as pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, turbines, and the electrolyzer. Since the electrolyzer is not a standard UniSim component, a custom one-dimensional co-electrolysis model was developed for incorporation into the overall UniSim process flow sheet. The one dimensional co-electrolysis model assumes local chemical equilibrium among the four process-gas species via the gas shift reaction. The electrolyzer model allows for the determination of co-electrolysis outlet temperature, composition (anode and cathode sides); mean Nernst potential, operating voltage and electrolyzer power based on specified inlet gas flow rates, heat loss or gain, current density, and cell area-specific resistance. The one-dimensional electrolyzer model was validated by comparison with results obtained from a fully three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model developed using FLUENT, and by comparison to experimental data. This paper provides representative results obtained from the UniSim flow sheet model for a 300 MW co-electrolysis plant, coupled to a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. The co-electrolysis process, coupled to a nuclear reactor, provides a means of recycling carbon dioxide back into a useful liquid fuel. If the carbon dioxide source is based on biomass, the entire process would be climate neutral.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE GOLGI APPARATUS

1. A modification of Elftman's direct silver method reveals both the lipochondria of Baker and the network of Golgi in the same cell. For purpose of distinction, it is proposed to call Baker's lipochondria the nucleopetal fraction, the Golgi network the nucleofugal fraction of the Golgi apparatus. 2. The nucleopetal fraction is located closer to the nucleus. It is spherical in shape and appears black in color. The nucleofugal fraction is located farther away from the nucleus. It is reticular in form and appears brown in color after silver impregnation by the modified Elftman's method. 3. These two fractions are separate entities. The network of Golgi is not due to deposition of silver on lipochondria. Lipochondria do not represent Golgi apparatus in living cells. 4. Aldehydes facilitate the demonstration of the nucleofugal fraction. Based on the circumstantial evidence presented, it appears that aldehyde dehydrogenase composed of a specific protein bound to a prosthetic group of flavin-adenine dinucleotide may be concentrated in this fraction. 5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase also functions as xanthine oxidase. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that under physiological condition, one of the functions of the nucleofugal fraction (Golgi network) is concerned with purine metabolism of nucleoproteins.
Magnetic resonance imaging and permanent cosmetics (tattoos): survey of complications and adverse events.

Purpose To use a survey to determine the incidence of complications and adverse events in individuals with permanent cosmetics (e.g., tattooed eyeliner, eyebrows, lips, cheeks, etc.) who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was distributed to clients of cosmetic tattoo technicians. This survey asked study subjects for demographic data, information about their tattoos, and for their experiences during MR imaging procedures. Results Data obtained from 1032 surveys were tabulated. One hundred thirty-five (13.1%) study subjects underwent MR imaging after having permanent cosmetics applied. Of these, only two individuals (1.5%) experienced problems associated with MR imaging. One subject reported a sensation of “slight tingling” and the other subject reported a sensation of “burning”; both sensations were transient in nature. Conclusion Based on these findings and information in the peer-reviewed literature, it appears that MR imaging may be performed in patients with permanent cosmetics without any serious soft tissue reactions or adverse events. Therefore, the presence of permanent cosmetics should not prevent a patient from undergoing MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:180–184. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Deep-UV, Light-Assisted, Wet Etching of Compound Semiconductors

Deep-UV, laser-light-assisted, wet etching of compound semiconductors is reported. As compared to results with visible light, the etching rates per unit power density in the ultraviolet are considerably faster; a factor of > 30 is seen under typical conditions. A correlation between the UV absorption in different etching solutions and the light-enhanced etching rates is examined. Gratings with 100-nm resolution have been produced and high-aspect-ratio via-holes have been etched.
Improved Method for Densitometry of Electrophoretic Lipoprotein Fractions

We evaluated a method for the densitometric quantitation of the electrophoretic lipoprotein fractions that sets the limit of integration at the beta-lipoprotein peak maximum. Results were compared with the more conventional method of placing the limit of integration in the valley between the beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein peaks. The criterion of symmetrical beta-lipoprotein peaks imposed by the method was tested, and manual determination of the beta peak maximum was compared to automatic computer analysis. Computer-generated curves simulating increasing overlap of constant shape beta and pre-beta peaks were analyzed by the two methods. The conventional method introduces an error that increases with increasing overlap, but with the present method results agreed with those for completely resolved peaks. The beta peak was best approximated by an isosceles triangle (at least for the electrophoresis technique used in these studies), indicating symmetry of the beta peak. Values for the area under the lipoprotein peaks obtained by manual and computer placement of the integration limits agreed well ( r = .892 to .998; SE of estimate = .0264 to .0306). The "beta peak maximum" method of densitometric quantitation avoids the problems associated with partial resolution of the beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins. It is equally adaptable to either visual placement of the limits of integration or computer analysis.
Retractile Sclerosing Mesenteritis: Case Report

The possibility of retractile sclerosing mesenteritis in childhood, even though a rarity, must be entertained in the differential diagnosis of children who have bizarre abdominal mass lesions.
Data acquisition, control, and analysis for the Argonne Advanced Accelerator Test Facility (AATF)

The Advanced Accelerator Test Facility (AATF) has been used to study wakefield acceleration and focusing in plasmas and RF structures. A PC-based system incorporating the functions of beamline control and acquisition, storage, and preliminary analysis of video images from luminescent screen beam diagnostics is described. General features of the offline analysis of wakefield data are also discussed. >