cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reading What Is Political Philosophy

Abstract Leo Strauss is responsible for the revival of political philosophy as a necessary response to the problem of human life. This essay articulates his own summary account of this necessity, the intellectual underpinning of his division of political philosophy into the classical and the modern approahces, and his preference for the former as the natural path leading to the understanding of man's political situation.
From Africa to Jamaica: The Making of an Atlantic Slave Society, 1775–1807 – By Audra A. Diptee

Grounded in archival research and synthesizing a wealth of secondary literature, this study is a welcome and largely convincing addition to the history of slavery in the Atlantic world. Audra A. Di...
Silicon Bulk Micromachined Hybrid Dimensional Artifact

A mesoscale dimensional artifact based on silicon bulk micromachining fabrication has been developed and manufactured with the intention of evaluating the artifact both on a high precision coordina...
MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW

Activities associated with the development of the revised AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures (1986 edition) prompted the AASHTO Joint Task Force on Pavements (JTFOP) recommendation to immediately initiate research with the objective of developing mechanistic pavement analysis and design procedures suitable for use in future versions of the AASHTO guide. The mechanistic-empirical (M-E) principles and concepts stated in the AASHTO guide were included in the NCHRP 1-26 (Calibrated Mechanistic Structural Analysis Procedures for Pavements) project statement. It was not the purpose of NCHRP Project 1-26 to devote significant effort to develop new technology but to assess, evaluate, and apply available M-E technology. Thus, the proposed processes and procedures were based on the best demonstrated available technology. NCHRP Project 1-26 has been completed and the comprehensive reports are available. M-E flexible pavement design is a reality. Some state highway agencies (Kentucky and Illinois) hav...
A deterministic model for history sensitive cascade in diffusion networks

This paper studies information diffusion in networks. Traditional models are all history insensitive, i.e. only giving activated nodes a one-time chance to activate each of its neighboring nodes with some probability. But history dependent interactions between people are often observed in real world. This paper propose a new model called the History Sensitive Cascade Model (HSCM) that allows activated nodes to receive more than a one-time chance to activate their neighbors. HSCM is a deterministic model to decide the probability of activity for any arbitrary node at any arbitrary time step. In particular, we provide 1) a polynomial algorithm for calculating this probability in tree structure graphs, and 2) a Markov model for calculating the probability in general graphs. This paper makes a theoretical contribution on studying the information diffusion problem.
Embedded unidirectional incomplete hypercubes for optical networks

Many proposals of virtual regular topologies embedded in physical topologies for high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks do not consider the issue of allowing a variable number of nodes in the network. A solution for embedding a virtual unidirectional incomplete hypercube into a physical topology that does is presented. The proposed solution is a multichannel multihop network which has several elegant features: (a) it allows any number of nodes to be connected to the network, (b) it only requires a minor effort to reconfigure the new interconnection whenever a node is added or deleted for the network, (c) it supports a self-routing strategy, (d) the aggregate throughput of the network increases as more nodes are added, and (e) alternate paths are available which have a comparable distance to the destination as the primary path. The performance of the scheme is comparable to the performance of both the unidirectional hypercube and the bidirectional hypercube. >
VOR base stations for indoor 802.11 positioning

Angle of arrival (AOA) has previously been used for outdoor positioning in aircraft navigation and for services like E911. For indoor positioning, the best schemes to date rely either on extensive infrastructure, or on sampling of the signal strength on a dense grid, which is subject to changes in the environment, like furniture, elevators, or people. We present an indoor positioning architecture that does not require a signal strength map, simply requiring the placement of special VOR base stations (VORBA). While our incipient realization of the AOA using 802.11 uses a base station with a revolving directional antenna, a non mechanical implementation would yield comparable performance, even with quantized angles. Performance of positioning with VOR base stations is evaluated though experimentation, simulation, and theoretical analysis.
Empowering the Self: Using the Terror Management Health Model to Promote Breast Self-Examination

According to the terror management health model, when thoughts of death are non-consciously activated, health decisions should be influenced by identity-relevant motivations. Therefore, in this context, framing a health behavior as a tool to empower the self should increase intentions to engage in the behavior and enhanced feelings of empowerment after doing so. In Study 1, women for whom death thoughts were more accessible responded to an empowerment frame with increased breast self-exam intentions relative to women for whom death thoughts were less accessible. In Study 2, priming death led to increased empowerment feelings after conducting an exam framed as empowering. Discussion focuses on empowerment as a health promotion tool in contexts likely to activate non-conscious death thoughts.
Cognitive dissonance experienced by nurse practitioner faculty

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explicate the concept of cognitive dissonance as experienced and reported by nurse practitioner (NP) faculty members. Data sources: Responses from NP faculty members to an online survey about their experiences with cognitive dissonance. Conclusions: The respondents detailed their experiences with cognitive dissonance, citing differences between expectations for which they are rewarded and those for which they are paid. Implications for practice: Expecting all faculty members to excel in practice, research, teaching, and service may create unrealistic workloads for NP faculty members. Examining expectations and considering creation of a clinical track for faculty who practice may be options administrators of NP programs might explore.
WORKING WITH SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA TYPE

Several aspects of spatiotemporal databases have been explored in past decades, ranging from basic data structure to query processing and indexing. But today, operational temporal GIS does not exist. The key impediments have been the complexity of integrating space and time and the lack of standards. OpenGIS standards for simple feature access (spatial type) do exist, but unlike the spatial type, standards for spatiotemporal data type do not exist. This paper explores a new approach to modeling space and time to provide the basis for implementing a temporal GIS. This approach is based on the concept of data types in databases. A data type provides constructors, accessors, and operators. Most commercial and open source databases provide data types to deal with the spatial component of a GIS, called spatial type. Oracle Spatial, DB2 Spatial Extender and Informix Spatial DataBlade, ST_Geometry for PostgreSQL and Oracle from Esri, PostGIS for PostgreSQL, etc., are some examples. This new spatiotemporal data type is called spatiotemporal type (STT). This STT is implemented in PostgreSQL, an open source relational database management system. The STT is an extension of Esri's ST_Geometry type for PostgreSQL, in which each spatial object has a life span. Constructors, accessors, and relational functions are provided to create STT and support spatial, spatiotemporal, and temporal queries. Some functions are extended based on OpenGIS standards for the spatial type. Examples are provided to demonstrate the application of these functions. The paper concludes with limitations and challenges of implementing STT.
The Tweets They Are a-Changin’: Evolution of Twitter Users and Behavior

The microblogging site Twitter is now one of the most popular Web destinations. Due to the relative ease of data access, there has been significant research based on Twitter data, ranging from measuring the spread of ideas through society to predicting the behavior of real-world phenomena such as the stock market. Unfortunately, relatively little work has studied the changes in the Twitter ecosystem itself; most research that uses Twitter data is typically based on a small time-window of data, generally ranging from a few weeks to a few months. Twitter is known to have evolved significantly since its founding, and it remains unclear whether prior results still hold, and whether the (often implicit) assumptions of proposed systems are still valid. In this paper, we take a first step towards answering these question by focusing on the evolution of Twitter's users and their behavior. Using a set of over 37 billion tweets spanning over seven years, we quantify how the users, their behavior, and the site as a whole have evolved. We observe and quantify a number of trends including the spread of Twitter across the globe, the rise of spam and malicious behavior, the rapid adoption of tweeting conventions, and the shift from desktop to mobile usage. Our results can be used to interpret and calibrate previous Twitter work, as well as to make future projections of the site as a whole.
Fast Algorithms for Boundary Integral Equations

This article reviews several fast algorithms for boundary integral equations. After a brief introduction of the boundary integral equations for the Laplace and Helmholtz equations, we discuss in order the fast multipole method and its kernel independent variant, the hierarchical matrix framework, the wavelet based method, the high frequency fast multipole method, and the recently proposed multidirectional algorithm.
Linking Corporate Entrepreneurship to Strategy, Structure, and Process: Suggested Research Directions

We endeavor to propose counterintuitive ideas or, alternatively, deny the “assumption bases” (Davis, 1971) of ETP's readers. Major sections of the paper suggest research questions concerning strategies, structures, and processes in the context of corporate entrepreneurship (CE). The issues we propose include: Are cost leadership strategies and corporate entrepreneurship inherently at odds? Are contemporary organizational forms always more compatible with CE than traditional structures? and; How can the normative guidance that permeates the popular press on entrepreneurial processes lead managers astray? Corporate entrepreneurship's unique relationship to strategy, structure, and process issues and future research questions are discussed.
Student and Faculty Perceptions of Dental Hygiene Clinical Evaluations

The dental hygiene program implemented a new clinical evaluation system using formative feedback with periodic summative grading. Formative feedback is provided in narrative form, fostering more open communication while maintaining the same high standard of care. Historically, clinical evaluation was accessed by assigning numeric grades for each patient treated. Faculty believed potential learning experiences were lost when students refrained from asking for feedback fearing points would be deducted from their grade. Currently, students receive formative feedback for the majority of cases and a numeric grade for every second or third case, depending upon patient classification. Objectives. The objective of the study was to assess student and faculty perceptions regarding the change in the clinical evaluation system. Methods. A 12-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to dental hygiene seniors (n =23) and clinical faculty (n =13). (Response rate was 88.5% and 100%, respectively.) Results. One hundred percent of students and faculty consider learning to be more effective in clinic when feedback was provided between graded cases, while fostering a more comfortable learning environment. Ninety-one percent of the students report they were more willing to ask questions when they were receiving formative feedback. Ninety-six percent of the students and 73% of the faculty preferred the new grading system over the previous system, while 100% of both groups feel the change increased communication between faculty and students. Ninety-six percent of the students and 46% of the faculty believe they perform equally on both evaluation types. Only 19% of the students value self reflection while 100% of the faculty believe this helps the student assess the learning experience. Conclusion. Faculty and students feel equally satisfied with the format, stating that formative cases allow for improved communication and feedback with an increase in cognitive learning opportunities.
Discussion: Land Values and Agricultural Income: A Paradox?

If we focus on a few countries and recent decades it may be valid to conclude with Dr. Chryst that "economists have historically been conditioned to a close relationship between the prices of farm products and land values." If we widen our geographic and time horizons, it seems more defensible to assume that land values are normally structured in patterns only partially explained by prices of farm products or by farm income.
High-density three-dimensional localization microscopy across large volumes

Extending three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy away from the coverslip and into thicker specimens will greatly broaden its biological utility. However, because of the limitations of both conventional imaging modalities and conventional labeling techniques, it is a challenge to localize molecules in three dimensions with high precision in such samples while simultaneously achieving the labeling densities required for high resolution of densely crowded structures. Here we combined lattice light-sheet microscopy with newly developed, freely diffusing, cell-permeable chemical probes with targeted affinity for DNA, intracellular membranes or the plasma membrane. We used this combination to perform high-localization precision, ultrahigh-labeling density, multicolor localization microscopy in samples up to 20 μm thick, including dividing cells and the neuromast organ of a zebrafish embryo. We also demonstrate super-resolution correlative imaging with protein-specific photoactivable fluorophores, providing a mutually compatible, single-platform alternative to correlative light-electron microscopy over large volumes.
Pyrometallurgy near the end of the 20th century

The second part of this century has seen great developments with a variety of new technologies, such as telecommunications, computers, and space travel. However, an age-old technology, the use of fire to make metals, also developed dramatically during this period—pyrometallurgy was used to produce more metal than the cumulative production of the millennia before it. The following discusses the extraordinary developments in flash-and bath-smelting technologies; the article also examines the issues that will drive the prospects of pyrometallurgy for the future. Currently, metal markets are on “easy street”: metal profits are low, and government and industry in the United States have little interest in metals extraction research and development. This article discusses factors that may change this situation in the near future.
Extremal paths, the stochastic heat equation, and the three-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.

Following our numerical work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 170602 (2012)] focused upon the 2+1 Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with flat initial condition, we return here to study, in depth, the three-dimensional (3D) radial KPZ problem, comparing common scaling phenomena exhibited by the pt-pt directed polymer in a random medium (DPRM), the stochastic heat equation (SHE) with multiplicative noise in three dimensions, and kinetic roughening phenomena associated with 3D Eden clusters. Examining variants of the 3D DPRM, as well as numerically integrating, via the Ito prescription, the constrained SHE for different values of the KPZ coupling, we provide strong evidence for universality within this 3D KPZ class, revealing shared values for the limit distribution skewness and kurtosis, along with universal first and second moments. Our numerical analysis of the 3D SHE, well flanked by the DPRM results, appears without precedent in the literature. We consider, too, the 2+1 KPZ equation in the deeply evolved kinetically roughened stationary state, extracting the essential limit distribution characterizing fluctuations therein, revealing a higher-dimensional relative of the 1+1 KPZ Baik-Rains distribution. Complementary, corroborative findings are provided via the Gaussian DPRM, as well as the restricted-solid-on-solid model of stochastic growth, stalwart members of the 2+1 KPZ class. Next, contact is made with a recent nonperturbative, field-theoretic renormalization group calculation for the key universal amplitude ratio in this context. Finally, in the crossover from transient to stationary-state statistics, we observe a higher dimensional manifestation of the skewness minimum discovered by Takeuchi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 210604 (2013)] in 1+1 KPZ class liquid-crystal experiments.
Fe/Ni Bimetallic Particles Transport in Columns Packed with Sandy Clay Soil

Over the past years, there has been an increase in concern regarding colloidal particle transport in soil. To date, there exists limited research on the fate and transport of these particles in the environment. In this study, a series of laboratory miscible displacement experiments were done using Fe/Ni particles. There is not enough data available in the literature about the transport mechanism of Fe/Ni particles. Although Fe/Ni particles have high reactivity with chlorinated solvents and metal ions, their transport properties are poorly understood, and the other uniqueness of this study was that it was done in clay soil and soil contaminated with perchloroethylene (PCE). These particles undergo collisions with soil grains and are subject to adsorption, dispersion, and retardation. Fe/Ni particles transport was studied in detail, and it was found that all mechanisms involved in particles transport in soil, which is the major contribution to environmental remediation. The Fe/Ni particle concentrations tha...
Metallic cutaneous contaminant mimicking malignant melanoma.

A linear blue streak of the finger appearing as malignant melanoma is diagnosed with the analytical electron microscope as a cutaneous heavy metal contaminant having localized toxic effects ameliorated by the copresence of selenium.
Surface EMG Array Sensor Based Model Fusion Using Bayesian Approaches for Prosthetic Hands

Traditional electromyopgrahic (EMG) measurements are based on single sensor information. Due to the arrangement of skeletal muscle fibers for hand motions, cross talk is an inherent problem when inferring motion/force potentials from EMG data. This paper studies means of using sensor arrays to infer better motion/force potential for prosthetic hands. In particular, a surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensor array is used to investigate multiple model fusion techniques. This paper provides a comparison between three statistical model selection criteria. The sEMG signals are pre-processed using four filters, Butterworth, Chebyshev type-II, as well as Bayesian filters such as the Exponential and Half-Gaussian filter. Output Error (OE) models were extracted from sEMG data and hand force data and compared using a Bayesian based fusion model. The four different filters effect were quantified based on the OE models performance in matching the actual measured data. The comparison indicates a preference for using the sensor fusion technique with preprocessed EMG data using the Half-Gaussian Bayesian filter and the Kullback Information Criterion (KIC).Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A Matrix WKB Approach to Feedforward and Feedback Control

We apply a powerful new analytical approximation method, recently developed by the authors, to the design and analysis of feedforward and feedback control systems. This formalism employs a matrix version of the WKB expansion, which is an asymptotic approximation method familiar in quantum mechanics and classical continuum mechanics. Our matrix WKB formalism has proven remarkably useful in approximating and characterizing the long-term dynamics of systems of ODEs (both linear and nonlinear) when there exists a time scale hierarchy. In particular, the linear error dynamics encountered in the analysis and design of controllers for multi-input multi-output systems, is typically formulated as a first-order vector differential equation involving a time-dependent matrix. To illustrate our matrix WKB approach, we consider the feedforward and feedback control of the single link manipulator. The desired trajectory is assumed to vary sinusoidally with time. For sufficiently small expansion parameters, the closed form WKB approximants can be used to determine safe controller parameters. Given a specific time scale hierarchy, we use a theorem reported previously to partition the controller parameter space into three distinct regions in which the system is, respectively: exponentially stable, exponentially unstable, and undecided. The undecided region is a narrow strip about a computable transition hypersurface. This strip can be made progressively narrower by working to a high enough order in the WKB expansion. In the limit of infinitely small expansion parameters, the transition curve tends to the actual stability-instability boundary.© 2006 ASME
Is diagnosing cancer with a smartphone in our future

The proposition that a consumer smartphone could somehow become part of the diagnostic toolkit of an oncologist may seem ridiculous. There are, however, many researchers and start-ups that would disagree.
Identification of miR-30b-3p and miR-30d-5p as direct regulators of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer by complementary functional microRNA library screening.

// Binod Kumar 1 , Salar Khaleghzadegan 1 , Brian Mears 1 , Koji Hatano 1 , Tarana A. Kudrolli 1 , Wasim H. Chowdhury 1,3 , David B. Yeater 1 , Charles M. Ewing 1 , Jun Luo 1 , William B. Isaacs 1,2 , Luigi Marchionni 2 and Shawn E. Lupold 1,2 1 The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 The department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Current Address: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Correspondence to: Shawn E. Lupold, email: // Keywords : prostate cancer, castration resistant prostate cancer, androgen receptor, microRNA, miRNA, miR-30 Received : September 09, 2016 Accepted : September 17, 2016 Published : September 24, 2016 Abstract The Androgen Receptor (AR) plays a key role in prostate biology and in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to castration resistance. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aberrant AR signaling have not been fully characterized. Here we screened a library of 810 miRNA mimics to identify miRNAs that alter AR activity in complementary functional assays including protein lysate microarray (LMA) quantification of AR and PSA protein levels, AR transcriptional reporter activity, and AR-positive PCa cell viability. Candidate AR-regulating miRNAs were verified through AR transcriptional reporter and cell viability assays. MiRNA binding sites were found within the AR 3’-untranslated region (UTR) and within the AR and AR-V7 coding regions. MiRNA activity was characterized by western blotting, 3’-UTR reporter assay, and AR-GFP and AR-V7-GFP reporter assays. Results uncovered miR-30 family members as direct AR inhibitors. Inhibition of endogenous miR-30b-3p and miR-30d-5p enhanced AR expression and androgen-independent cell growth. Droplet digital RT-PCR quantification of miR-30c-5p and miR-30d-5p revealed significantly reduced levels in metastatic castration resistant PCa (CRPC), when compared to healthy prostate tissues. MiR-30d-5p levels were inversely correlated with AR activity, as measured by PSA mRNA, in metastatic CRPC. Collectively, these studies provide a comprehensive evaluation of AR-regulating miRNAs in PCa.
Faith, mission and challenge in Catholic education: the selected works of Gerald Grace

Ten years ago, I was finishing my thesis for a degree in sociology. I was trying to better understand the effect of screening students on socioeconomic segregation in Catholic schools in my native ...
Communication Science for Science Communication: Water Management for Oil and Natural Gas Extraction

AbstractWater management for oil and natural gas extraction in the United States has become a topic of public interest and concern. This societal relevance simultaneously heightens the need for rig...
Subversion of nutritional immunity by the pathogenic Neisseriae

The pathogenic Neisseria species, including Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are obligate human pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The success of these pathogens, with regard to causing disease in humans, is inextricably linked to their ability to acquire necessary nutrients in the hostile environment of the host. Humans deploy a significant arsenal of weaponry to defend against bacterial pathogens, not least of which are the metal-sequestering proteins that entrap and withhold transition metals, including iron, zinc and manganese, from invaders. This review will discuss the general strategies that bacteria employ to overcome these metal-sequestering attempts by the host, and then will focus on the relatively uncommon ‘metal piracy’ approaches utilized by the pathogenic Neisseria for this purpose. Because acquiring metals from the environment is critical to microbial survival, interfering with this process could impede growth and therefore disease initiation or progression. This review will also discuss how interfering with metal uptake by the pathogenic Neisseriae could be deployed in the development of novel or improved preventative or therapeutic measures against these important pathogens.
Prime III: Voting for a More Accessible Future

In 2012, about one-third of voters with disabilities reported having issues when voting in a polling place. Although the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) was passed in 2002, it is clear that there is room for improvement within the domain of accessible voting. Prime III is a voting technology that addresses many issues that plague other accessible voting systems. By addressing the needs of different communities, Prime III has become a ballot marking system that allows all voters to vote on one machine. This demonstration will showcase the accessibility features of Prime III and how it can be used in elections.
Quantum Imaging beyond the Diffraction Limit by Centroid Measurements

I propose a quantum imaging method that can beat the Rayleigh-Abbe diffraction limit and achieve de Broglie resolution without requiring a multiphoton absorber as the detector. Using the same non-classical states of light as those for quantum lithography, the proposed method requires only intensity measurements, followed by image post-processing, to produce the same complex image patterns as those in quantum lithography. The method is expected to be experimentally realizable using current technology.
Sleep Disorders in Epilepsy: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Sleep complaints are common in people with epilepsy (PWE). We aim to highlight the updated evidence regarding comorbid sleep disorders and epilepsy and the impact of epilepsy and its treatments on sleep. Up to two thirds of PWE report sleep disturbances which may signal presence of a comorbid sleep disorder, including insomnia, arousal parasomnias, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnea, or restless legs syndrome. Uncontrolled seizures contribute to poor sleep quality, while presence of epilepsy (with or without seizures) and antiepileptic drugs is associated with changes in sleep architecture. Chronic intracranial EEG monitoring with implanted devices reveals a nocturnal peak for interictal epileptiform activity. Epilepsy surgery outcomes suggest better seizure control may improve sleep architecture and quality. Screening for and treating sleep disorders may lead to improved seizure control and quality of life in PWE. Epilepsy surgery and implanted devices to treat refractory epilepsy provide new insights into the relationship between sleep and epilepsy.
“Resolved to Strike Out a New Path”: Consumerism and Iconographic Change in New Jersey Gravestones, 1680–1820

Late 18th- and early-19th-century gravestones from central New Jersey fail to show the urns and willows that one would expect in an area settled by expatriate New Englanders. The gravestones are ornamented instead with elaborate monograms and other neoclassical designs. This paper argues that the popularity of certain decorative motifs, particularly monograms, sometimes associated with signed and priced markers, highlights the growing importance of consumerism and an increasingly competitive market for memorials at the end of the 18th century. The monogram design, which cuts across religious and ethnic boundaries, was extremely popular for a short period. Undecorated Philadelphia-style markers soon supplanted these memorials, as New Jersey’s brownstone carving tradition faded, and national and indeed international trends supplanted local traditions.
Is the Copyright Public Domain Irrevocable?: An Introduction to Golan v. Holder

The public domain may be defined as that body of literary and artistic works (or other information) that is not subject to any copyright (or other intellectual property right), and which therefore may be freely used by any member of the general public. This concept is implicit in the Patent and Copyright Clause of the Constitution, which stipulates that patents and copyrights may only be granted “to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts,” and only “for limited Times.” The “limited Times” restriction implies that patents and copyrights must expire at some point, and the “Progress” limitation implies that patents and copyright can only be granted for new works, not for pre-existing ones. Thus, once a previously granted copyright on a work has expired, the general public has a “federal right to copy and to use” the work without attribution.
The Emergence of Human Awareness and Concepts of Time

We all know intimately the passage of time. Life is transitory: hours fly by, days merge into years. Our personal experience seems always located in time. “Now” possesses an immediate presence and reality that past and future lack. But memories endure, often repossessing us with vivid detail and feeling. And hopes and fears can transform the present with images of beckoning paradises or ominous hells. While ever in the present, our awareness and imagination transcend it. Yet we know we are not the masters of time; rather it restricts and coerces us. Though awareness and conceptions of time are products of the human mind, time itself seems to possess an existence apart, its passage impersonal and inexorable. As an old Italian proverb put it, “Man measures time and time measures man.” This intimate and personal, yet aloof and detached character constitutes the paradox of human time.
On the synthesis problem for an infinite cylinder with an axial slot.

Two dimensional synthesis problem for conducting cylinder of infinite length and arbitrary radius with surface axial slot, determining inverse matrices
SloMo: downclockingWiFi communication

As manufacturers continue to improve the energy efficiency of battery-powered wireless devices, WiFi has become one of--if not the--most significant power draws. Hence, modern devices fastidiously manage their radios, shifting into low-power listening or sleep states whenever possible. The fundamental limitation with this approach, however, is that the radio is incapable of transmitting or receiving unless it is fully powered. Unfortunately, applications found on today's wireless devices often require frequent access to the channel. We observe, however, that many of these same applications have relatively low bandwidth requirements. Leveraging the inherent sparsity in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation, we propose a transceiver design based on compressive sensing that allows WiFi devices to operate their radios at lower clock rates when receiving and transmitting at low bit rates, thus consuming less power. We have implemented our 802.11b-based design in a software radio platform, and show that it seamlessly interacts with existing WiFi deployments. Our prototype remains fully functional when the clock rate is reduced by a factor of five, potentially reducing power consumption by over 30%.
Effect of gender on age-specific effects for ulcerated malignant melanomas.

1603 Background: Gender, age at diagnosis, and ulceration are all independent prognostic factors for melanoma. The purpose of this study was to further examine the interactions among gender, age, a...
Rebellious Wallflowers and Queer Tangueras: The Rise of Female Leaders in Buenos Aires’ Tango Scene

This paper interrogates the history of same-sex dancing among women in Buenos Aires' tango scene, focusing on its increasing visibility since 2005. Two overlapping communities of women are invoked....
A modeling approach to gauging the effects of nicotine vaping product use on cessation from cigarettes: what do we know, what do we need to know?

Background and aims The long-term population health impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) use among smokers is unknown, and subject to a range of plausible assumptions about the use and health consequences of NVPs. While NVPs use may substitute for cigarette smoking and thereby aid in quitting cigarette use, it is also possible that smokers who would have otherwise quit would instead delay quitting cigarettes. We aimed to develop a cohort-specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL). Design A cohort-specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL) was developed by gender for two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted. Setting United States. Participants Smokers in two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012. Measurements Data were from the 1965-2012 National Health Interview Surveys and the 2014/15 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey. The model incorporated a range of plausible assumptions from published literature about transition rates from regular smoking to exclusive NVP and dual use, from dual use to exclusive NVP use and from exclusive NVP use to no use. Findings Compared with the no-NVP scenario, the male (female) model projected 17.8% (19.3%) fewer PDs and 22.9% (26.6%) fewer LYL for the 1982 cohort and 5.4% (7.3%) fewer PDs and 7.9% (11.4%) fewer LYL for the 1962 cohort. These gains were sensitive to NVP use over time, age of initial NVP use, transitions from smoking to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and relative NVP mortality risks. Conclusions Nicotine vaping product (NVP) use in the United States is projected to have a net positive impact on population health over a wide range of plausible levels of NVP use, transitions to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and NVP risks. However, net impact is sensitive to parameter estimates.
Generally, How Do You Solve Equations?.

If you are one of the many who feel that equations (2), (4), (5), and (6) are too diffi cult, you will probably find the techniques discussed in this article of interest. Actually all these equations can be solved using general iterative methods. Whereas such methods are conceptually easy to understand, they have been tradi tionally neglected because they require lengthy and tedious calculations. Now with the widespread availability of calculators and computers, iterative procedures are practical and should no longer be avoided. In fact, for solving equations they should become part of the standard secondary school curriculum; then students will be come aware that general equation-solving techniques that they can use do exist.
HIV Tat-mediated Induction of Autophagy Regulates the Disruption of ZO-1 in Brain Endothelial Cells

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tight barrier that is critical for preventing the entry of pathogens and small molecules into the brain. HIV protein Tat (Tat) is known to disrupt the tight junctions of the BBB. Autophagy is an intracellular process that involves degradation and recycling of damaged organelles to the lysosome and has recently been implicated in the BBB disruption. The role of autophagy in Tat-mediated BBB disruption, however, remains elusive. Herein we hypothesized that Tat induces endothelial autophagy resulting in decreased expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 leading to breach of the BBB. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure of human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) to Tat resulted in induction of autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with upregulation of BECN1/Beclin 1, ATG5 and MAP1LC3B proteins and a concomitant downregulation of the tight junction protein ZO-1 ultimately leading to increased endothelial cell monolayer paracellular permeability in an in vitro BBB model. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy resulted in the abrogation of Tat-mediated induction of MAP1LC3B with a concomitant restoration of tight junction proteins, thereby underscoring the role of autophagy in Tat-mediated breach of the BBB. Additionally, our data also demonstrated that Tat-mediated induction of autophagy involved PELI1/K63-linked ubiquitination of BECN1. Increased autophagy and decreased ZO-1 was further recapitulated in microvessels isolated from the brains of HIV Tg26 mice as well as the frontal cortex of HIV-infected autopsied brains. Overall, our findings identify autophagy as an important mechanism underlying Tat-mediated disruption of the BBB.
Abstract A02: Pediatric ovarian cancer in the United States: Incidence trends over four decades

Objectives: Ovarian cancer is rare in children, accounting for 1% of childhood cancers. However, it is the most common cancer of the female genital tract in adolescents. Due to the rarity of the disease and the histologic and prognostic differences between pediatric and adult cases, there is a paucity of data describing incidence trends of pediatric ovarian cancer in the United States. It is unknown whether pediatric ovarian cancer has increased in incidence over time. The aim of the current study was to examine incidence and trends in pediatric ovarian cancer in the last four decades in the United States. Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 database from 1975-2016 for age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence rates for pediatric cases, aged 0 to 19 years. We used Joinpoint regression analyses to examine incidence trends stratified by race (white, blacks, and others, which included Hispanics, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and Asian Pacific Islanders), histology (carcinoma, germ cell tumor, others), and age groups (0-14, and 15-19 years). Results: There were 897 pediatric ovarian cancer cases in the study. Whites accounted for 71.3% of tumors, and 75.6% of tumors were germ cell. Overall, there was a 46% increase in the incidence of pediatric ovarian tumors in (12.59 per 100,000 in 1975 vs. 18.38 per 100,000 in 2016). Average annual percent change (AAPC) was 0.9 (p Conclusions: In the past four decades, there has been a steady increase in the age-adjusted incidence rate of pediatric ovarian tumors, and while overall incidence is highest among whites, there has been a sharp increase in incidence among blacks and other minority populations, especially in the last two decades. This surveillance information may be relevant to issues germane to survivors of pediatric cancers, such as oncofertility issues. Citation Format: Kara M. Christopher, Eric Adjei Boakye, Justin M. Barnes, Matthew C. Simpson, Brittany J. Kline, Katherine Mass, Theresa L. Schwartz, Shannon Grabosch, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters. Pediatric ovarian cancer in the United States: Incidence trends over four decades [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A02.
Book Review: Effective School Librarianship: Successful Professional Practices from Librarians around the World

Spotlighting school librarians from across the globe, Effective School Librarianship: Successful Professional Practices from Librarians around the World, the two-volume set collected and edited by Patrick Lo, Heather Rogers, and Dickson K.W. Chiu, introduces readers to a wide range of librarians working in rural and urban schools. The various experiences of these diverse librarians are captured through a question and answer format which highlights the challenges and opportunities they encounter. Read collectively, these interviews showcase commonalities among the profiled librarians nationally and internationally, serving as windows into the experiences of other librarians and as mirrors of shared professional values. At the same time, these conversations provide a treasure trove of inspiring narratives sure to spark rich discussions about global issues facing contemporary school librarians.
Behavioral Economics in the First-Year Experience:

Many colleges and universities have put in place some form of freshman or first-year experience. This article suggests the use of a course in behavioral economics when the first-year experience has...
Materiality in the Seam Space: Sketches for a Transitional Port City Dome District

Biomass material volatility generates new opportunities for port-city relationships. Alternative energy markets require specialized port facilities to handle new bulk commodities like biomass. Wood pellets, a type of biomass, present warehousing challenges due to combustion danger. The industrial response to this risk has generated new storage forms for port regions. The return to bulk cargo reintroduces materiality as a focus for port city research, which had generally been regarded as a peripheral concern since the advent of the shipping container. The container had come to represent a borderless, ‘fast capitalism’ throughput model, but research on port ‘accidents’ has complicated this reductive globalization narrative. The programmatic dynamism of wood pellet dome structures suggests new spatially-porous possibilities for an interstitial border space at the port-city interface with material commonalities and hybrid potentials for resilient logistics and civic facilities. In contrast to container cargo unitization, the dome signifies the standardization of the coastal/riparian port environment. Dome structures can help ports plan for the complex challenges of cargo material behaviors and increasing extreme weather events. The article begins with wood pellet materiality to then explore programmatic possibilities that industrial construction technology generates. Conceptually, this joins the proposal of port as ‘seam space’ with port-city resilience planning and the porosity celebrated in recent urbanism literature. Scaling up from wood pellet materiality to an interstitial port-city district, the article contributes to calls for increased attention to materiality as a means to envision new urban agendas.
Mandibular Destruction Secondary to Invasion by Carcinoma Cuniculatum

Carcinoma cuniculatum is a rare form of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that is often misdiagnosed. It has a propensity for local invasion and rarely metastasizes. Oral carcinoma cuniculatum is exceedingly rare, with very few reported cases in the English-language literature. Classically, its presentation mimics osteomyelitis or a dental abscess, resulting in misdiagnosis, multiple biopsy examinations, and procedures before a final diagnosis of carcinoma cuniculatum. This case report describes the case of a 71-year-old woman who was referred to the authors' clinic for evaluation of persistent pain and swelling of the mandible. Multiple biopsy examinations were negative for malignancy, and the patient was misdiagnosed with osteomyelitis and dental abscess before obtaining an accurate diagnosis of carcinoma cuniculatum. The aim of this report is to provide a thorough clinical and histopathologic report of carcinoma cuniculatum of the mandible, provide a brief review of the literature, and highlight the difficulties in arriving at this uncommon diagnosis.
A Review of “The Heirloom Tomato: From Garden to Table Recipes, Portraits, and History of the World's Most Beautiful Fruit”

Tomatoes are probably the most popular plant grown by home gardeners. They can be grown successfully in most parts of North America and are relatively easy to grow. And, as anyone who has eaten a h...
Infrared active imaging for the remote detection of fugitive gas emissions

In this paper, a compact active imaging system that allows real-time video visualization of methane plumes is described. The development of this instrument is motivated by the need for technology to allow the rapid identification and localization of natural gas leaks by the Japanese gas industry. Because it yields an instantaneous view of a three-dimensional volume, the described device provides a more efficient means of leak detection than existing methods based on point-sensing flame-ionization detectors.
Hierarchical Wireless network design for synchrophasor communication in Distributed Generation grid

There has been a growing interest in the deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in a Distributed Generation (DG) grid system. A major obstacle is the lack of a communication network infrastructure that can support phasor measurements for distribution area monitoring as well as providing sensing capabilities for protection against undesirable grid dynamics. In the absence of such a network, the most cost-effective solution would be to consider a wireless network to support centralized control for situational awareness in a DG environment. Therefore, the main objective in this paper is to design and implement a synchrophasor network testbed using Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology. Based on a hierarchical network architecture, we propose an efficient method to reduce the synchrophasor data bandwidth, as well as provide capabilities for control and management at each hierarchical level. This testbed is then used to evaluate different network configurations under various test conditions.
Inner Shell Capture in the Intermediate Velocity Range

Over the past decade a great deal of effort has been expended on and progress been made in the understanding of the capture of inner shell electrons by projectiles of intermediate velocity. Reasons for the interest in the problem are numerous, including of course the continuing practical need for understanding the capture process because of the role it plays in determining the state of hot plasmas encountered in MFE and astrophysical problems. More intriguing perhaps is the feature that even after more than 50 years of work on the elemental single electron capture problem,1,2 certain aspects remained unsatisfactorily treated theoretically, at least until very recently. Over the last ten years or so a great deal of experimental information has come forth of both a volume and type heretofore unavailable. The new data include measurements differential in angle or impact parameter and from selected target shells and challenge the theory more severely than do total cross section data. Theory has reacted vigorously to the challenge, with a great deal of progress being realized especially very recently.