cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and evaluation criterion for thermocompression flip-chip bonding

A single joint finite element model (FEM) using a newly developed configuration independent evaluation criterion has been created, and experimentally verified, to provide more accurate predictions of bond formation based on the joint design and assembly process parameters. This model is based on the joint interface mechanics resulting from joint bump compression. Previous studies used a deformation criterion that depended on a specific joint configuration to evaluate the effectiveness of the expected bond. This limited the applicability of the model results to the joint design for which the deformation criterion had been experimentally determined. The technique reported in this research, uses finite element models to compute detailed distributions of stresses/strains at the interface of a joint when it is plastically deformed under compression. The evaluation criterion is defined to be the change in the differential area at the bonding interface, and is shown mathematically as follows: /spl Delta/A=/spl epsi//sub xx/+/spl epsi//sub yy//spl ges/(/spl epsi//sub xx/+/spl epsi//sub yy/)/sub crit/. Models using this criterion allow for the comparison of the effects of various joint design and manufacturing process parameters on the bond joint mechanics, and the resulting probable bond joint quality. A determination of the minimum deformation required for joint formation can be obtained for any design within specified limits.
CIB1 Regulates Endothelial Cells and Ischemia-Induced Pathological and Adaptive Angiogenesis

Pathological angiogenesis contributes to various ocular, malignant, and inflammatory disorders, emphasizing the need to understand this process on a molecular level. CIB1 (calcium- and integrin-binding protein), a 22-kDa EF-hand–containing protein, modulates the activity of p21-activated kinase 1 in fibroblasts. Because p21-activated kinase 1 also contributes to endothelial cell function, we hypothesized that CIB1 may have a role in angiogenesis. We found that endothelial cells depleted of CIB1 by either short hairpin RNA or homologous recombination have reduced migration, proliferation, and tubule formation. Moreover, loss of CIB1 in these cells decreases p21-activated kinase 1 activation, downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, all of which are known to contribute to angiogenesis. Consistent with these findings, tissues derived from CIB1-deficient (CIB1 −/− ) mice have reduced growth factor–induced microvessel sprouting in ex vivo organ cultures and in vivo Matrigel plugs. Furthermore, in response to ischemia, CIB1 −/− mice demonstrate decreased pathological retinal and adaptive hindlimb angiogenesis. Ischemic CIB1 −/− hindlimbs also demonstrate increased tissue damage and significantly reduced p21-activated kinase 1 activation. These data therefore reveal a critical role for CIB1 in ischemia-induced pathological and adaptive angiogenesis.
Permeability and Some Other Properties of a Variety of Refractory Materials: I

Flatwise, edgewise, and endwise permeabilities, bulk densities, moduli of elasticity, and porosities were determined for the following types of refractory brick as received from the manufacturers: fire-clay, insulating, mullite, silica, kaolin, high-alumina, acidproof, magnesite, unburned magnesite-chrome, and unburned chrome-magnesite. These properties were determined also for specimens (1) of the unburned brands of the chrome-magnesite and magnesite-chrome brick after heat-treating at 925° and at 1600°C., (2) from the side wall of a clay pot after heat-treating at several temperatures, and (3) from the side walls of two other pots and the bottom of one after heat-treating at 1400°C. only. For refractory brick, flatwise permeability was least and edgewise greatest; permeability was not closely related to the other determined properties. Sintering caused larger increases in the permeability than the (partial) decomposition of the chemical binder of unburned basic brick. Of the determined properties of specimens cut from the pots, permeability was the most sensitive to heat-treatment and was the best criterion of resistance to molten glass. Permeability, modulus of elasticity, and bulk density increased whereas bulk volume and porosity decreased with successively higher heat-treatments for the pots.
Rational Choice, Deterrence, and Theoretical Integration

The old version of rational choice theory is that people engage in conscious and deliberate cost-benefit analysis such that they maximize the values and minimize the costs of their actions. Rejection of deterrence theory probably has more to do with concerns about the old version of rational choice theory than with the new version. An attractive feature of new rational choice theory is that it can be used to integrate deterrence theory with other theories, such as Robert Merton's strain theory and Ronald Akers' social learning theory. The possibility that legal punishments deter is consistent with the new version of rational choice theory, which can be used to integrate deterrence with other criminological theories, such as strain and social learning. Few criminologists question the importance of theoretical integration, although they may disagree about how it is to be accomplished.
The role of satisfaction and switching costs in Medicare Part D choices.

Abstract Background Most U.S. states had over 50 Medicare Prescription Drug Plans (PDPs) in 2007. Medicare beneficiaries are expected to switch Part D plans based on their health and financial needs; however, the switching rate has been low. Such consumer inertia potentially has negative effects on both beneficiaries and the insurance market, resulting in a critical need to investigate its cause. Objectives To 1) describe how Medicare beneficiaries who were satisfied with their current Part D plan differed from those who were not satisfied; 2) examine the effect of switching costs on consideration of switching among Medicare beneficiaries who were dissatisfied with their current Part D plan. Methods Data from the 2007 Prescription Drug Study supplement to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) survey were used in this study. The satisfied and dissatisfied groups were compared in terms of cost variables, switching costs, and perception of Part D complexity. Structural equation modeling was used to examine relationships among switching costs, Part D complexity, cost variables, and consideration of switching for beneficiaries who were dissatisfied with their current Part D coverage. Results Out of 467 participants, a total of 255 (54.6%) were satisfied with their current Part D plan. The satisfied group paid lower out-of-pocket costs ($50.63 vs. $114.60) and premiums ($30.88 vs. $40.77) than the dissatisfied group. They also had lower switching costs. Only 11.3% of the dissatisfied beneficiaries switched plans. Among respondents who were dissatisfied with their current plan, those who perceived Part D as complex had high switching costs and were less likely to consider switching plans. Out-of-pocket cost did not have a statistically significant association with consideration of switching. Conclusions Medicare beneficiaries who were satisfied with their current Part D plans had lower out-of-pocket costs and premiums as well as higher switching costs. Among beneficiaries who were dissatisfied with their current Part D plan, those who had higher switching costs were less likely to consider switching Part D plans.
The Elephant in Dual-Polarized Imaging Radar

The elephant-in-the-room: It's so obvious, why didn't we see it before? In the context of "dual-polarized radar", especially Earth-observing synthetic aperture radar, the elephant is simply the relative phase between the two image outputs of a "dual-polarized" SAR. Capture the elephant-which for certain systems may be a minimal-cost transformation-to realize nearly a dozen quantitative image norms, most of which have not been exploited outside of the radar astronomy community. Even better, transmit circular polarization.
Beneficial effects of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine following ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart

Objective: Ischemia followed by reperfusion in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) results in cardiac contractile dysfunction as well as myocardial injury. These deleterious effects are due in large part to endothelial dysfunction leading to an upregulation of cell adhesion molecules and subsequent neutrophil-induced cardiac injury. At physiologically relevant concentrations, N , N , N -trimethylsphingosine (TMS), a synthetic N -methylated sphingosine derivative, has been shown to attenuate leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions. We wanted to test the effects of TMS on neutrophil-mediated cardiac dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion. Methods: This study examines the effects of TMS in a neutrophil-dependent isolated perfused rat heart model of ischemia (I) (20 min) and reperfusion (R) (45 min) injury. Results: Administration of TMS (20 μg/kg) to I/R hearts perfused with PMNs improved coronary flow and preserved left ventricular developed pressure as an index of cardiac contractile function (95±5%) in comparison to those I/R hearts receiving only vehicle (60±7%) ( P <0.001). In addition, TMS significantly reduced PMN accumulation in the ischemic myocardium, as evidenced by an attenuation in cardiac myeloperoxidase activity from 1.12±0.04 in untreated hearts to 0.01±0.02 in treated hearts ( P <0.001). However, TMS did not directly stimulate nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelium. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that TMS is a potent and effective cardioprotective agent that inhibits leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions and preserves cardiac contractile function and coronary perfusion following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Flame retardant performance of a modified aluminum trihydroxide with increased thermal stability

A modified form of aluminum trihydroxide has been synthesized that is thermally stable to approximately 350°C. Flame retardant and smoke generation performance in low melting temperature thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and ethylene vinylacetate, are comparable to unmodified ATH. The increased thermal stability also allows this material to be used in thermoplastics with higher melting temperatures, such as polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyphenylene oxide, where ATH cannot be used.
The burden of mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection among hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant patients.

Objective To evaluate the impact and burden of the new National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance definition, mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI), in hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant populations. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Two hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant units at a large academic medical center. Methods Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) identified during a 14-month period were reviewed and classified as MBI-LCBI or non-MBI-LCBI (MBI-LCBI criteria not met). During this period, interventions to improve central line maintenance were implemented. Characteristics of patients with MBI-LCBI and non-MBI-LCBI were compared. Total CLABSI, MBI-LCBI, and non-MBI-LCBI rates were compared between baseline and postintervention phases of the study period. Results Among 66 total CLABSI cases, 47 (71%) met MBI-LCBI criteria. Patients with MBI-LCBI and non-MBI-LCBI were similar in regard to most clinical and demographic characteristics. Between the baseline and postintervention study periods, the overall CLABSI rate decreased from 3.37 to 3.21 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 0.95; 4.7% reduction, P=.84), the MBI-LCBI rate increased from 2.08 to 2.61 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 1.25; 25.3% increase, P=.44), and the non-MBI-LCBI rate decreased from 1.29 to 0.60 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 0.47; 53.3% reduction, P=.12). Conclusions Most CLABSIs identified among hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant patients met MBI-LCBI criteria, and CLABSI prevention efforts did not reduce these infections. Further review of the MBI-LCBI definition and impact is necessary to direct future definition changes and reporting mandates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–6
Effects of crosstalk in demultiplexers for photonic analog-to-digital converters

Time interleaving of samples digitized by a parallel array of analog-to-digital (A/D) converters provides a means of increasing the sampling rate beyond that possible with a single A/D converter. For time-interleaved photonic A/D converters, optical demultiplexers can be used to advantage. Both time-division and wavelength-division demultiplexers must yield low crosstalk between the parallel output channels in order to yield accurate A/D conversion. An analysis predicts the level and form of the resulting errors. The analytical results compare well with experiment.
“SKIN-CNS-BLADDER” REFLEX PATHWAY FOR MICTURITION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY AND ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISMS

AbstractPurpose: A “skin-CNS-bladder” reflex pathway for inducing micturition after spinal cord injury has been established in cat. This reflex pathway which is basically a somatic reflex arc with a modified efferent limb that passes somatic motor impulses to the bladder, has been designed to allow spinal cord injured patients to initiate voiding by scratching the skin.Materials and Methods: The skin-CNS-bladder reflex was established in the cat by intradural microanastomosis of the left L7 ventral root (VR) to the S1 VR while leaving the L7 dorsal root (DR) intact to conduct cutaneous afferent signals that can trigger the new micturition reflex arc. After allowing 11 weeks for axonal regeneration, urodynamic, pharmacological and electrophysiological studies were conducted in pentobarbital or chloralose anesthetized animals.Results: A detrusor contraction was initiated at short latency by scratching the skin or by percutaneous electrical stimulation in the L7 dermatome. Maximal bladder pressures during th...
Simulation of anisotropic grain growth by Ostwald ripening

In this paper, a two-dimensional Potts model that can simulate anisotropic grain growth by Ostwald ripening in liquid-phase-sintered ceramics will be presented. The model defines a Wulff shape for the grains and allows each individual grain to grow in its local environment which is controlled by the solid/liquid interfacial energy, the spatial distribution of neighboring grains, area fraction of grains, wetting by and distribution of the liquid matrix, and the concentration gradients in the liquid. The results of this simulation technique will be presented with emphasis on the kinetics and grain shape evolution and will be compared to those of isotropic grain growth. Finally, the limitations of the Potts model in such microstructural evolution processes will be discussed.
Electronic Structure of Pristine and Solute-Incorporated SrTiO3: III, Perfect-Crystal, Grain-Boundary Geometry, and Acceptor Doping

Electronic structure is investigated for donor-impurity-incorporated perfect-crystal and 36.8° symmetric tilt Sigma5 (310) grain-boundary geometries of SrTiO3. The relaxed model of the atomic structure of the grain boundary used in the present investigations is the same as that used in Part II, as derived by Ravikumar et al. using lattice-statics simulations based on pair-potential calculations. As in Part II, the methodology of one-electron first-principle cluster calculations, which is discussed in Part I, is extended to clusters with single-donor impurity substitutions at the central titanium and strontium sites. The effects of niobium substitution at a titanium site and lanthanum substitution at a strontium site in the bulk and at the grain-boundary core have been investigated by determining the aspects of the electronic structure discussed for the acceptors. The influence of grain-boundary crystallography on donor impurity incorporation has been evaluated in terms of variations in densities of states, spatial charge densities, and charge populations at the grain boundary. As in Parts I and II, no additional local lattice relaxations around the impurity are considered for the impurity-incorporated clusters. Donor compensation mechanisms reported in the literature are discussed in connection with the electrical activity of the material. The calculations reveal that, in perfect-crystal geometry, although lanthanum exhibits almost the expected donor behavior at the strontium site, niobium does not exhibit very good donor behavior at the titanium site. Moreover, a decrease in the donor behavior of these impurities is observed in the grain-boundary geometry. Such variations in the electronic behavior of donors are due to the crystallographic variations at the grain boundary and are likely to decrease the grain-boundary-charge and associated space-charge effects in the presence of donors as compared with the increase of such effects in the presence of acceptors. Consequently, a decrease in space-charge-induced segregation of donors at grain boundaries and the effects thereof can be expected.
Experimental Evolution and Economics

1. Terence C. Burnham[1][1][⇑][2] 2. Aimee Dunlap[2][3] 3. David W. Stephens[3][4] 1. 1Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA 2. 2University of Missouri–St. Louis, USA 3. 3University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA 1. Terence C. Burnham, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA. Email: burnham{at}chapman.edu This is a theory paper that advocates experimental evolution as a novel approach to study economic preferences. Economics could benefit because preferences are exogenous, axiomatic, and contentious. Experimental evolution allows the empirical study of preferences by placing organisms in designed environments and studying their genotype and phenotype over multiple generations. We describe a number of empirical studies on different aspects of preferences. We argue that experimental evolution has the potential to improve economics. [1]: #aff-1 [2]: #corresp-1 [3]: #aff-2 [4]: #aff-3
Adiponectin: an accurate biomarker for patients at risk for atrial fibrillation?

Despite the rising prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) throughout the world, the prevention of AF has received relatively little attention. The first step in effective prevention is the accurate identification of persons at risk.1 Biomarkers have been shown to have an important role in risk prediction in other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet few biomarkers, if any, have shown promise in identifying patients at risk for AF. In addition to the challenges of risk prediction, the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent AF is limited by our poor understanding of the factors that promote atrial fibrosis and maladaptive remodelling. Adiponectin is a peptide hormone that has gained attention as a risk marker for CVD and, potentially, AF. Although produced by adipocytes, adiponectin levels fall with increasing adiposity due to obesity-related changes in adipocyte function. Adiponectin is found abundantly in the circulation and has insulin-sensitising, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects.2 Despite its beneficial metabolic properties, higher adiponectin levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes, including coronary heart disease,3 heart failure4 and all-cause mortality.5 To date, there is conflicting evidence regarding adiponectin and the risk of AF.6 ,7 In their Heart publication, Macheret et al 8 provide further support for a link between adiponectin and AF. The authors examined the association between adiponectin levels and incident AF in 3190 patients aged over 65 years from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Patients with prevalent CVD and AF were excluded. Total and …
A Neglected Point in the Training of Agricultural Economists

CONOMIC theory is a normal part of training in agricultural economics. Some institutions require more theory than others but it is not omitted in any of the recognized schools. Since our title is half "economic" and since formal economics is largely theoretical, this requirement seems somehow justified. But how many students ever stumble upon the real justification? From personal experience and contacts with other students I am led to believe that theory is usually placed in one of three categories by prospective agricultural economists: It is considered at one extreme to be a necessary evil along with languages; or it is grouped with such "broadening" courses as history and government-valuable but outside our immediate professional field; or it is viewed at the other extreme as the real touchstone of knowledge. The proportion in which student attitudes divide among these categories varies from place to place. In any case, however, any of the three types of attitude are evidence that the chasm between courses in agriculture and those in economics has been found too wide to span; in none of them is theory placed in a working relationship with our "practical" tools. Nor are courses commonly available from which it is possible to gain the perspective for visualizing such a working relationship. This paper is an attempt to explore some of the material and thinking that might form connective tissue between the theoretical and the practical. It deals principally with research methods because it is in research that the need for a union between theoretical and practical approaches is most acute. In research both abstract thought and data accumulation and analysis must be used as every day tools of the trade. Much of the subject matter considered is historical. An understanding that will open a view to the future must be based upon a study of what we have inherited. Our methodological heritage is intermingled with conflicts concerning scope and ends, but the latter can form a separate chapter. The study of methods alone is sufficient background for grasping
Richard Wright, Toni Morrison, and United States book clubs

This essay focuses on the influence of commercial book clubs in the United States. It will examine the country's oldest commercial book club, the Book-of-the-Month Club (BOMC), Oprah's Book Club (OBC), which bears the name of its founder, television personality Oprah Winfrey, and their roles in the careers of two African-American authors, Richard Wright and Toni Morrison.
Effect of Cobalt on Erythropoiesis in Anemic Rabbits

SummaryCobalt injected into animals subjected to repeated bleedings or treated with benzol results in a rapid recovery from the anemia. Cobalt produces this effect by stimulating the formation of erythrogenic precursors in the bone marrow.
Patterns of Team Collaboration Employed to Solve Unique Problems

“Macrocognition” is an emerging area of knowledge engineering that focuses on understanding how cognition emerges in natural environments. One goal for studying macrocognition is to understand the complexity entailed in inter- and intra-individual cognition. In this paper we describe our analysis of several complex team collaboration tasks: firefighters from the Fire Department of New York on Sept. 11, 2001, air warfare teams on an Aegis ship, and the team collaboration entailed in conducting Maritime Interdiction Operations. Team communications that transpired during three complex problem solving situations were analyzed to understand how teams collaborate to create new knowledge and decide on a course of action during complex, one-of-a-kind problems. These processes include (1) individual knowledge building, (2) developing knowledge interoperability, (3) team shared understanding, and (4) team consensus. The way the team's cognitive behavior maps to the model is discussed along with differences in patte...
Primary Research of Sensilla on Outer Lateral Surface of Hind Leg of Locusta migratoria manilensis in Gregarious Phase

The quantity and distribution of sensilla on outer lateral surface of hind femur and tibia of Locusta migratoria manilensis were studied using the scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that there were three types of sensilla on the hind femur and tibia of male and female adults,e.g.chaetica sensillum,long mechano-sensillum,and short mechano-sensillum.There was no significant difference in male and female insects per unit area on the lateral section sensilla,with the exclusion of the 5th instar larva(P 0.05).The quantity of sensilla on outer lateral surface of hind femur and hind tibia had a significant difference(P 0.05).The results also showed that the short-shaped sensilla and chaetica sensillum of the 5th male instar larva had a significant difference(P 0.05),while the others had no significant differences.The lateral surface of hind femur and tibia sensilla and two types of mechano-sensillum arranged inerraticly.The number of distribution of sensilla was also consistent.
Japanese encephalitis virus detected in Culex pipiens pallens for the first time in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the status of mosquitoes carrying Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in some parts of Tianjin, providing the basis for the control and prevention of JE. Methods The light trap method was used to collect mosquitoes twice a month from July 2010 to September 2010 in Tianjin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection was done and the amplified target fragments were sequenced. The evolutionary tree was built with the Mega 4.0 software by the O-linked method. Results A total of 10 285 adult mosquitoes, which belonged to 2 generaes and 3 species (Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis) were captured. Molecular identification showed that the Cx. pipiens pallens was infected with JE viruses, identified by genotyping as JE virus typeⅠand named TJ01 (HQ718463). Conclusion There exists mosquito infection with JE virus typeⅠin Tianjin, which is close to the JE viruses isolated in Shanghai in terms of their evolution.
Abstract IA12: Microfluidic isolation of circulating tumor cells and microvesicles from cancer patients

Malignant tumors will aggressively invade surrounding tissue due to rapidly dividing cancer cells that are nourished by an ample blood supply. As these cancer cells are multiplying, they release thousands of tiny particles into the blood stream, referred to as exosomes and microvesicles, which contain genetic information about the tumor. Whole cancer cells are also released from the tumor and these rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide genetic and functional information about the patient9s cancer. Through a collaborative effort between bioengineers, biologists, and clinicians, our group at MGH has developed microfluidic devices to isolate both of these rare circulating biomarkers from whole blood. Data from these devices will be presented with a focus on our recent effort to characterize microvesicles and CTCs from patients with glioblastoma. Through the microfluidic isolation of blood based biomarkers from glioblastoma patients, our goal is to obtain complementary data to the current standard of care radiologic measurements to help better guide treatment for this deadly cancer. Citation Format: Shannon L. Stott. Microfluidic isolation of circulating tumor cells and microvesicles from cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Mechanical properties of pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN) single crystals from nano‐indentation: Depth dependent response at the nano meter scale

The current work presents the results from an investigation of the mechanical behavior of single crystals of the energetic material pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using a nano-indentation technique. The indentation tests have been performed on the maximum growth habit face (110) of the PETN, using a spherical, Berkovich and an anisometric (wedge-shaped) tip. The load displacement curves along with analysis have been used to extract the mechanical properties and identify the anisotropic indentation modulus for the PETN. The indentation moduli of the PETN single crystal were found to decrease as indentation depth increases and become independent of indentation depth for depths greater than 200 nm for the spherical indenter and 300 nm for the anisometric wedge indenter and Berkovich tip. The indentation modulus obtained from spherical tip indentation is compared with the results calculated by using literature values of the elastic constants. The wedge indenter measurements and Berkovich indentation at various tip orientations are different due to the anisotropy of the PETN. The yield behaviors of the PETN single crystal were also explored using both spherical and wedge tip indentation and the differences are discussed.
Stress and the Adolescent’s Reproductive System

Surprisingly little is known about the role of stress in the pathogenesis of abnormalities in reproductive function among adolescents. A number of factors have contributed to the dearth of information and include the fact that menstrual irregularity is assumed to be normal among teenagers and often not investigated as a result of this assumption; the fact that teenagers rarely present to physicians for evaluation of infertility; that stress is often assumed to be part of the definition of adolescence, and finally, because studies of stress and reproduction systematically exclude subjects under 18 years.
Other-Oriented Robot Deception: How Can a Robot’s Deceptive Feedback Help Humans in HRI?

Deception is a common and essential behavior of social agents. By increasing the use of social robots, the need for robot deception is also growing to achieve more socially intelligent robots. It is a goal that robot deception should be used to benefit humankind. We define this type of benevolent deceptive behavior as other-oriented robot deception. In this paper, we explore an appropriate context in which a robot can potentially use other-oriented deceptive behaviors in a beneficial way. Finally, we conduct a formal human-robot interaction study with elderly persons and demonstrate that using other-oriented robot deception in a motor-cognition dual task can benefit deceived human partners. We also discuss the ethical implications of robot deception, which is essential for advancing research on this topic.
The uniform field and pattern ERG in macaques with experimental glaucoma: removal of spiking activity.

Purpose To determine whether the uniform field and pattern ERGs that are reduced in macaque eyes with experimental glaucoma have the same inner-retinal origins. Methods ERGs were recorded from 14 anesthetized adult macaques using DTL electrodes. Six monkeys had laser-induced experimental glaucoma, and two others received intravitreal injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 6 microM) to block spiking activity of inner-retinal neurons. The remaining 6 animals were normal. Uniform fields and grating patterns (0.1-3 cpd) were square-wave modulated at 1.7 Hz (transient) and 8 Hz (steady state). The test field (42 degrees x 32 degrees) had a mean luminance of 44 cd/m2 and a contrast of 10% to 82%. Results In normal eyes transient ERGs to uniform fields contained photopic negative responses (PhNR) after the b-wave and after the d-wave. Transient pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) at each contrast reversal showed positive (P50) potentials followed by negative (N95) potentials of time course similar to that of the PhNR. The PhNR and N95 were greatly reduced or eliminated by experimental glaucoma and by TTX. Summing responses to luminance increments and decrements of the uniform field could simulate the PERG to low spatial frequency stimuli. Further, the PERG responses to high spatial frequencies were similar to the simulation in shape but slightly delayed in time. Experimental glaucoma and TTX had similar effects on the N95 of the simulated PERG as to those on the actual PERG. However, P50 was more reduced by experimental glaucoma than by TTX, indicating a nonspiking contribution to P50. For the steady state condition, the uniform field ERG, the simulated PERG, and the actual PERG all were affected by experimental glaucoma and TTX, indicating that they contained contributions from the spiking activity of ganglion cells. Conclusions The changes in the uniform field and PERG responses produced by experimental glaucoma are related and are largely a consequence of reduced spiking activity of ganglion cells and their axons. These findings raise the possibility that the uniform field ERG could serve as a useful alternative to the PERG in the assessment of clinical glaucomatous neuropathy.
Home Grown: Lessons Learned From Experiential Learning Partnerships in an Academic Library

Middle Tennessee State University’s Walker Library sought out and engaged in experiential learning (EL) activities with students to enhance its relevance to the MTSU campus community. The initial results were both rewarding and promising. However, the Library quickly became much more reliant on the students than originally intended. Similar to other libraries, Walker Library’s experience with staff shortages proved challenging, so what started out as a pilot partnership with the MTSU EL program grew into not only a valuable opportunity for both the Library and the students, but also vital support for relevant Library services, projects, and activities. This chapter describes the Walker Library EL partnership and how we utilized it to successfully achieve goals. We will also provide examples of how we innovated by merging EL into ethnographic studies of the Walker Library user experience.
A note on the base form of the Hausa verb

The traditional wisdom among Hausa scholars regarding the base form of the Hausa verb has recently been challenged by Newman (1973). The purpose of this paper is to argue that in fact the traditional view is by and large the correct one in this case.
Aspects of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture in domestic animals.

Summary Various aspects of the major components of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture in domestic farm animals are discussed. An examination of the spermatozoa and oocyte incubation media showed no media or protein supplement to be superior in promoting in vitro fertilization in cattle, sheep or swine. Generally, ovulated oocytes or activated follicular oocytes were penetrated by sperm more frequently than were immature oocytes. Spermatozoa that were incubated in vivo or in the oviducts of a different species generally achieved higher oocyte penetration than did spermatozoa incubated in vitro. In most in vitro fertilization studies, an in vivo component was introduced, generally oocyte or sperm maturation, which served to confound analysis of the in vitro results. Furthermore, the relatively low level of success and high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities with in vitro fertilization in other species require that careful and complete studies analyzing the components of in vitro fertilization in domestic farm animals be conducted. The culture of embryos from domestic farm animals is detailed, with emphasis on in vitro conditions and rate of success. As with laboratory animals, bovine, ovine, porcine and caprine embyos of fewer than eight cells are more difficult to culture to the blastocyst
Cavity Formation in Molybdenum Studied In Situ in TEM

AbstractWe investigated the microstructural response of molybdenum, with and without prior exposure to gaseous deuterium, during helium irradiation and subsequent annealing. Ion irradiations and annealing experiments were performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope, enabling real time observation of the microstructural evolution. Cavities approximately 0.5 nm in diameter were formed in deuterium-exposed molybdenum at a fluence of 1.7 × 1015 helium cm−2, but did not grow appreciably after increasing the fluence by two orders of magnitude or after brief room temperature aging. Similar cavities were not apparent in pristine molybdenum. Larger cavities appeared in both samples during in situ annealing to 1063 K, without any clear differences between the two samples. The evolving cavity morphologies are discussed in terms of defect production, microstructure, and sample geometry.
Considering Consent to Research for Patients in Chronic Pain and With Mental Illnesses.

Steel and colleagues (2017) deny that people dependent on opioids should be presumed incompetent to consent to research involving supervised injectable opioid assisted treatment (siOAT). They argue...
The Military, Militarism and State Integrity in Africa

This chapter examines the enduring problem of militarism in Africa, and two of its major types: coups d’etat and irregular warfare. In the case of coups, the chapter traces their origins on the continent to the early post-independence era. In terms of their major causes, the chapter identifies various societal and military-specific factors. In the case of the former, societal pathologies such as mass poverty and the violation of human rights provide an enabling environment for military intervention in politics. As for the latter, it entails various issues that are germane to the corporate interests of the military, such as salary and equipment. In the case of irregular warfare, the chapter observes that they have become common occurrences on the African Continent, as evidenced by the outbreak of several in virtually every region of the continent. The chapter attributes irregular warfare to several factors, including mass economic marginalization. The chapter then suggests various ways for addressing militarism and its ancillaries on the continent, including the need to improve the economic conditions of the majority of Africans.
Recycling Steel: football, tradition, and historicity in Pennsylvania

ABSTRACTOn 19 August 2015, the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer announced plans to sponsor an expansion team in the second-tier United Soccer League. Two months later, an enthusiastic crowd filed into the historic Bethlehem Steel plant in eastern Pennsylvania to witness the new side’s unveiling. Against the backdrop of towering blast furnaces that evoked the region’s industrial golden age, Union representatives heralded the return of Bethlehem Steel Football Club. This paper explores the nexus of past and present in the recycling of Steel. Juxtaposing the modern club’s retro-themed kit against the identity of its storied namesake, it argues that the past is simultaneously honoured and obscured. In so doing, it situates the recycling of Steel in its broader historical context, paying attention to the business ambitions of Union executives, the cultural penchant for heritage branding and the efforts of a once-vibrant manufacturing town to negotiate the realities of a postindustrial landscape.
Revisiting the intensity output of curing lights in private dental offices.

In a survey published in 1994, it was reported that nearly 30% of dental office curing lights had an intensity output (power density) of 500 mW/cm2. Of 161 lights examined, 127 (78.9%) were halogen, 22 (13.6%) were lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and 12 (7.4%) were plasma arc curing (PAC) lights. The intensity outputs (mW/cm2) of all examined lights were placed into 5 groups: (1) 500 = 64.0%. Build-up on the tip was: none (23%), light (49.7%), moderate (12.4%), and heavy (13.7%). A comparison of the results of this study with the 1994 survey report shows an overall improvement in the intensity output in dental offices. LED and PAC lights constituted 21.2% of curing lights in this survey.
Chapter 54 – Remote Sensing of Chemical Elements Using Nuclear Spectroscopy

This chapter describes the application of nuclear spectroscopy to remote sensing of the elemental composition of planetary regoliths and atmospheres. A nuclear spectrometer deployed on an orbiting spacecraft can detect the characteristic gamma rays emitted by natural radioelements. The concentration of other rock-forming elements can be determined from neutron and gamma ray emissions induced by cosmic ray interactions. The geochemical information conveyed by gamma rays and neutrons provides constraints on the origin and evolution of solar system bodies, both small and large. Fundamental concepts, including the production and transport of gamma rays and neutrons, their information content, and measurement techniques, are presented. A brief history of the application of nuclear spectroscopy to planetary science, including a comprehensive list of missions and principal accomplishments, is provided. Scientific results from Lunar Prospector and Mars Odyssey are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future prospects for this burgeoning field.
Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Data Processing in Pharmaceutical Research

Nuclear medicine techniques can play an important role in pharmaceutical research. In order to optimize the quantitative information which can be obtained from such studies, an appreciation of basic nuclear medicine physics, instrumentation, and data processing is required. The techniques to be considered here include both planar and tomographic imaging, the latter including both Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Since image and data processing are so central to quantification in nuclear medicine, these will be considered as well. In addition to this introduction to the basics of nuclear medicine instrumentation and data processing, several good books are available on this topic (Hendee, 1973; Sorenson and Phelps, 1987; Swenberg and Conklin, 1988).
On the Connection of Sex to Reproduction

What is the “nature” of human sexuality? Is it or is it not essentially connected to the conception of offspring? And, if it is, how precisely is the meaning of that modifier “essentially” to be specified? When we ask about the “connection” between sex and reproduction, are we inquiring about a physiological fact or a moral norm? Or, to pose the problem another way, what is the connection between the “fact” that sex can be reproductive, and evaluative norms specifying what human beings “ought” to pursue in their sexual and parental lives?
Fluid intake and hydration: critical indicators of nursing home quality

Hydration issues are important considerations for the elderly and infirm. What was previously taken for granted often becomes the focus of daily attention. Nursing homes must take a proactive stance in designing systems and training staff to deal with hydration. The minimum daily fluid requirements, and the steps necessary to investigate suspected dehydration, should be well known and understood by all members of the staff.
Patterns of palliative care utilization in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer in the National Cancer Database.

10109Background: Early integration of Palliative Care (PC) improves survival in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we explore patterns in PC utilization in this group. Methods: We qu...
Study of the thermal conductivity of a metal-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube using molecular dynamics atomistic simulations

Thermal conductivity of a nickel-coated tri-wall carbon nanotube was studied using molecular dynamics where both the phonon and electron contributions were considered. Simulations predicted a significant effect of the metal coating on the thermal conductivity, i.e. 50% decrease for 1.2 nm of Ni coating. However, the decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity is minuscule for the metal thicker than 1.6 nm. The smaller thermal conductivity of the metal coating, phonon scattering at the interface, and less impacted heat transfer on the inner tubes of the carbon nanotube rationalized the observed trends.
Launch summary for 1981

Launchings identified from reports received for the period January 1, 1981 through December 31, 1981 including sounding rocket, satellite and space probe launchings are summarized.
Distributed Bragg Reflector Fiber Lasers for Acoustic Sensing

Distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser-based sensors require careful design of both the laser and sensing transducer. Through simulations and experimentation, acoustic sensors employing extended cavity lasers were fabricated and characterized for their acceleration and acoustic responses.
A Multiclass Mean-Field Game for Thwarting Misinformation Spread in the Internet of Battlefield Things

In this paper, the problem of misinformation propagation is studied for an Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) system, in which an attacker seeks to inject false information in the IoBT nodes in order to compromise the IoBT operations. In the considered model, each IoBT node seeks to counter the misinformation attack by finding the optimal probability of accepting given information that minimizes its cost at each time instant. The cost is expressed in terms of the quality of information received as well as the infection cost. The problem is formulated as a mean-field game with multiclass agents, which is suitable to model a massive heterogeneous IoBT system. For this game, the mean-field equilibrium is characterized, and an algorithm based on the forward backward sweep method is proposed to find the mean-field equilibrium. Then, the finite-IoBT case is considered, and the conditions of convergence of the equilibria in the finite case to the mean-field equilibrium are presented. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a 1.2-fold increase in the quality of information compared with a baseline scheme, in which the IoBT nodes are always transmitting. The results also show that the proposed scheme can reduce the proportion of infected nodes by 99% compared with the baseline.
Work Experiences, Accommodations, and Information in the Context of Fibromyalgia: A Literature Review and Conceptual Synthesis

This paper explores the challenges that individuals with fibromyalgia may experience in navigating the workplace. Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain, stiffness, sleep disruption, and other symptoms, without a well-defined underlying disease. At work, patients can struggle with various problems, including fluctuating symptoms, exhaustion, skepticism, questions about whether to disclose, and finding ways to adjust work situations. Individuals often lack information concerning how to manage their health, as well as different aspects of their lives, including work. Work accommodations such as extended health benefits, modified schedules, and work-at-home arrangements could help. However, individuals may need to learn how to advocate for themselves, which can include finding information on legal rights and accommodation options. Differences in information awareness and seeking skills can lead to inequities in the management of chronic health conditions in the workplace. We explore extant literature in three parts. First, we review research on the experience of work among individuals with fibromyalgia, and to a lesser extent, other conditions and disabilities. Then, we consider work accommodations, and third, we conclude with a conceptual synthesis. In our analysis, we first identify a need for clearer conceptualization of the role of information to facilitate workplace self-advocacy. Then, we identify gaps in the literature concerning information and information behavior related to work accommodations. Last, we emphasize the need for involvement of stakeholders over time. This paper may be of interest to researchers, health care providers, library and information science professionals, and health policy researchers striving to achieve health equity.