cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architectural impact of secure socket layer on Internet servers: A retrospect

Secure socket layer (SSL) is the most popular protocol used in the Internet for facilitating secure communications. In this retrospective, we summarize our original paper which analyzed the performance and architectural impact of SSL on the servers and provided insights into the functioning and acceleration of SSL. In addition, we describe advancements in the area that have occurred on this topic and also discuss future research opportunities
Postabortion Depressive Reactions in College Women.

Abstract Depression as a postabortion phenomenon is explored in relation to women at a major university. Characteristics of depressive reactions are presented in light of the merging of adolescent and adult symptomatology. Research on the psychological sequelae of abortion is reviewed, with the focus on both short-term and long-term effects. Finally, some reflections are made on the experiences of women seen in a college health service, suggesting the continued importance of assessing the woman's capacity for mastery in a crisis situation, her ability to assimilate loss, and to regain a sense of personal autonomy. There is evidence to suggest the usefulness of ongoing therapy in the postabortion period for some women.
Prognostic value of tumor thickness in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.

Background and Objectives Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin malignancy that often presents with tumor metastases. We hypothesized that tumor thickness might correlate with both regional and metastatic tumor spread and could, therefore, be used as an independent prognostic variable. The purpose of this study was to see if depth of tumor invasion would predict prognosis independent of tumor stage. Methods Data pertaining to clinical presentation, pathology, treatment, and survival were collected for patients diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma from 1972 to 2005. Patients were staged according to AJCC guidelines. Pathologic specimens were evaluated for tumor thickness. The relationship between tumor thickness and disease-free survival or overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Results Sixty patients were identified. Five-year disease-free survivals for Stages 1, 2, and 3 patients were 20%, 33%, and 0%, respectively. Five-year overall survivals for Stages 1, 2, and 3 patients were 33.3%, 60%, and 16.7%, respectively. There was no correlation between tumor thickness and either disease-free survival or overall survival. Conclusions This study suggests that tumor thickness is not an independent risk factor for survival. Mean tumor thickness did increase with the AJCC stages, but this most likely represents more advanced stage of disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:618–622. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions of VHIX-coded anti-progesterone and anti-arsonate antibodies. Comparison of passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassays.

The reactivity and specificity of potyctonal and monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies raised against monoclonal anti‐progesterone and anti‐arsonate antibodies have been studied by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) with immobilized idiotype and by passive haemagglutination with idiotype‐coupled red cells. The sensitivity of the two methods was comparable, though some cross‐reactions were only detected by RIA. Passive haemagglutination was found to be especially suitable in screening for monoclonal anti‐idiotypes in hybridoma supernatants and ascites. and had advantages over RIA in detection of syngeneic anti‐idiotypes. Demonstration of binding site‐associated idiotopes was possible by haemagglutination inhibition. RIA and haemagglutination were used to investigate the idiotypic relationships between BALB/c antiprogesterone and anti‐arsonate monoclonal antibodies which share heavy chains encoded by VHIX variable region genes. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
Studies of the pfeiffer effect induced in tris(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate)Tb(III) by histidine derivatives

Optical activity has been induced in racemic mixtures of the title compound [Tb(DPA)3-3] upon formation of outer-sphere complexes with several derivatives of histidine, and this induced chirality has been studied by means of circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. The association of Tb(DPA)3-3 with the chiral envirionment substances was found to be dominated by electrostatic effects whenever possible, but hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding contributions to the bonding were also found to be important in certain instances.
Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony

R. W. Connell’s path-breaking notion of multiple masculinities (Connell, 1995) and hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1987, 1995) have been taken up as central constructs in the sociology of gender. Although there has been a great deal of empirical research and theory published that has built upon and utilized Connell’s concepts, an adequate conceptualization of hegemonic femininity and multiple femininities has not yet been developed. To redress this, the author presents a theoretical framework that builds upon the insights of Connell and others, offers a definition of hegemonic masculinity and hegemonic femininity that allows for multiple configurations within each, and that can be used empirically across settings and groups. The author also outlines how hegemonic masculinity and hegemonic femininity are implicated in and intersect with other systems of inequality such as class, race, and ethnicity.
Persistent chromosome damage induced by localized radiotherapy for lymphoma

A fibroblast culture was established from a lymph node biopsy of a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 9 months after chemotherapy and intensive therapeutic x-irradiation of the area. In contrast with blood and bone marrow, which were chromosomally normal, all cells of the lymph node were chromosomally abnormal, with numerous clones having multiple structural abnormalities. Numerical abnormalities (trisomies and monosomies) were not found. Structural abnormalities included translocations, terminal deletions, and pericentric inversions, with an excess of centromeric breakpoints being the only apparent deviation from a random distribution of breakpoints. None of the rearrangements associated with malignant lymphoma were seen, indicating that the chromosome abnormalities in the lymph stroma were radiation-associated, not disease-associated. These acquired changes may be a cause of additional malignant transformation.
The Outcome of Parent Training Using the Behavior Management Flow Chart with Mothers and Their Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

The effects of parent training, using parameters established in the Behavior Management Flow Chart, on mother behavior and on the disruptive behavior of eight children who emitted behavior consistent with the diagnoses of both Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were evaluated. There are important differences between the Behavior Management Flow Chart and well-known parent-training programs that are based on the Hanf model. Parent training was conducted within a multiple baseline design across children. Direct observation of mother and child behavior, phone interviews, and standardized rating scales showed that training improved parenting behavior, reduced maternal stress, and reduced oppositional child behavior. A 6-month follow-up revealed that parenting and child behavior remained stable. The results are comparable with prior research on behavioral parent training for families that have children with oppositional/hyperactive behavior.
Identification and treatment of exercise resistance: a syndrome associated with eating disorders.

P hysical exercise has many health benefits that have been widely acknowledged. Regular physical activity can increase cardiovascular function, lower blood pressure, improve weight management, and aid in the prevention of osteoporosisi,’ Exercise also has many psychological and emotional benefits, such as stress reduction and an increased sense of mastery and empowerment, to name a few.3 These health benefits are so extensive that the failure to exercise may be considered a significant health problem. Children seem to innately enjoy physical activity, and among adults it is widely accepted that exercise is good for one’s health. Yet many adults do not exercise consistently. Because many women feel alienated from their body and its physical potential, the failure to exercise is a problem that is especially acute among women. In this article we describe a problem that we identify as exercise resistance. This syndrome is associated with eating disorders, but it is also common in the general population. Based on informal interviews with 60 women treated for eating problems, we argue that exercise resistance is a syndrome that has significant negative consequences for women. We conclude with some recommendations that health professionals can use in counseling women who are resistant to exercise, especially those with eating disorders.
Dielectric properties of pulsed-laser-deposited calcium titanate thin films

We have deposited CaTiO3 thin films on SrRuO3 electrode layers on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The low-frequency dielectric properties were measured from 4 to 300 K. We found that the dielectric constants of 1-μm-thick CaTiO3 films are very close to that observed in the bulk materials. The dielectric loss depends on the temperature and is on the order of 10−4 at low temperature. The dielectric constants of the films can be tuned by electric field by 6% at room temperature and 10% at 200 K.
Acoustic detection of Immiscible Liquids in Sand

Laboratory cross-well P-wave transmission at 90 kHz was measured in a 61 cm diameter by 76 cm tall water-saturated sand pack, before and after introducing a non-aqueous phase organic liquid (NAPL) (n-dodecane). In one experiment NAPL was introduced to form a lens trapped by a low permeability layer; a second experiment considered NAPL residual trapped behind the front of flowing NAPL. The NAPL caused significant changes in the travel time and amplitude of first arrivals, as well as the generation of diffracted waves arriving after the direct wave. The spatial variations in NAPL saturation obtained from excavation at the end of the experiment correlated well with the observed variations in the P-wave amplitudes and travel times. NAPL residual saturation changes from NAPL flow channels of 3 to 4% were detectable and the 40 to 80% NAPL saturation in the NAPL lens was clearly visible at acoustic frequencies. The results of these experiments demonstrate that small NAPL saturations may be more easily detected with amplitude rather than travel time data, but that the relationships between the amplitude changes and NAPL saturation maybe more complex than those for velocity.
Same—differentjudgments of multiletter strings: Insensitivity to positional bias and spacing

Several recent studies of multiletter matching have included pairs of strings that have-the-same letters in different positions (rearranged pairs). The task can be defined such that these rearranged pairs are correctly classified asdifferent (i.e., subjects respond “same” only if the strings have the same letters in the same positions—the order task) or assame (i.e., subjects respond “same” if the strings have the same letters regardless of their positions—the item task). The order task produces left-to-right serial-position effects, whereas the item task produces U-shaped serial position effects. Because these differences suggest that subjects may be able to exert strategic control over the comparison process, two sets of experiments were designed to test whether or not subjects can change the relative weightings devoted to the respective serial positions. In Experiments 1 and 2, the probability that a mismatch occurred in the different positions was manipulated. In Experiments 3 and 4, the physical spacing between letters, as well as whether or not the spaces were filled with neutral noise characters, was varied. None of the manipulations had much influence on the serial-position effects. Thus, the distinct serial-position effects for the order and item tasks apparently are mandatory and not due-to-any voluntary-comparison strategy.
Coulomb's law particle flow for nonlinear filters

We have invented a new theory of exact particle flow for nonlinear filters. The flow of particles corresponding to Bayes' rule is computed from the gradient of the solution of Poisson's equation, and it is analogous to Coulomb's law. Our theory is a radical departure from other particle filters in several ways: (1) we compute Bayes' rule using a flow of particles rather than as a pointwise multiplication; (2) we never resample particles; (3) we do not use a proposal density; (4) we do not use importance sampling or any other MCMC algorithm; and (5) our filter is roughly 6 to 8 orders of magnitude faster than standard particle filters for the same accuracy.
Simulator Sickness in a Virtual Environments Driving Simulator

Some users of virtual environments experience adverse effects known as simulator sickness. Common symptoms are generally grouped into nausea, oculomotor discomfort, and disorientation. This research examined whether the severity and type of simulator sickness differs due to the type of driving environment or the gender of the driver. Three environments with variations in driver workload were developed: Highway, Rural, and City. Tests were conducted using Northeastern University's Virtual Driving Simulator. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and postural stability tests, were used to gather data before and after participants drove the virtual environments based driving simulator. In comparison with past research, a different SSQ profile was found in that most of the symptoms reported were in the oculomotor discomfort category. This included eye strain, headaches, difficulty focusing, and blurred vision. Subjects who drove the Highway or Rural Road environments had more symptoms than those who drove...
Brain resistance to protein loss on restricted protein intake in weanling rats.

Abstract A multi-disciplinary study involving anatomy, pharmacology, biochemistry, and computer sciences was carried out to determine the effect of protein deprivation on the free amino acid levels in the brain of rats who were protein deprived in the weanling stage. The literature has many references to studies of protein and other dietary deprivation in the dam prior to and during pregnancy and also in the preweanling. Few references are available about protein deprivation effects on the weanling rat. Once the species has reached a stage of neural development where the essential elements for higher function are in place, what happens then to the brain and its function during dietary deprivation, particularly protein? If there is any great change, how are the neurotransmitters, which have been identified, affected? In this experiment, the first of a series, an attempt is made to first identify what changes may occur. Specific patterns of change, especially of the neurotransmitters, were followed in the brain as a whole and in three subdivisions, fore-, mid-, and hind-brain. The results of the biochemical assay indicate that once the brain has reached a stage of relative maturity there is an inherent ability of that organ to resist great and obvious changes through some, as yet unknown, mechanism. It would also suggest that studies of protein deprivation beyond the term of this study are in order, for the overt behavior of the deprived animals was not so greatly different from that of the non-deprived. Also, in terms of behavior, it is interesting to note that the total food intake was directly proportional to the amount of protein in the diet, i.e., the less protein in the diet, the less total food intake or conversely, the more protein in the diet, the more the total intake.
Comment: Judgments about Who has Standing in Cost-Benefit Analysis

William Trumbull [1990] argues that the question of standing-who should be counted-in cost-benefit analysis can and should be settled by reference to the potential Pareto principle. He thus takes issue with our position [Whittington and MacRae, 1986] that the postulates of cost-benefit analysis do not determine standing. Trumbull's argument also raises more general questions as to the relation between cost-benefit analysis and policy analysis. We would therefore like to comment on Trumbull's article, and to expand on our position on the issue of who has standing in cost-benefit analysis, because the issues he raises are important ones for both economists and public policy analysts (and for those of us who try to be both). In his paper Trumbull develops two main arguments. The first is that the term "cost-benefit analysis" should be defined as the strict application of the potential Pareto improvement principle. The second is that the application of the potential Pareto principle requires, on technical grounds, that questions regarding standing be answered in specific ways. For example, Trumbull believes that a cost-benefit analyst must (1) accord standing to future generations and citizens of other countries, and (2) deny standing to criminals, because to do otherwise would be inconsistent with the potential Pareto principle, and thus the result of the cost-benefit analysis would be based on something other than an "economic criterion." We would like to comment on both of these points. It seems to us that the issue at stake is not really "standing" but the nature of economic expertise and its role in policy debate.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming

The warming associated with changes in snow cover in northern high-latitude terrestrial regions represents an important energy feedback to the climate system. Here, we simulate snow cover-climate feedbacks (i.e. changes in snow cover on atmospheric heating) across the Pan-arctic over two distinct warming periods during the 20th century, 1910–1940 and 1970–2000. We offer evidence that increases in snow cover–climate feedbacks during 1970–2000 were nearly three times larger than during 1910–1940 because the recent snow-cover change occurred in spring, when radiation load is highest, rather than in autumn. Based on linear regression analysis, we also detected a greater sensitivity of snow cover–climate feedbacks to temperature trends during the more recent time period. Pan-arctic vegetation types differed substantially in snow cover–climate feedbacks. Those with a high seasonal contrast in albedo, such as tundra, showed much larger changes in atmospheric heating than did those with a low seasonal contrast in albedo, such as forests, even if the changes in snow-cover duration were similar across the vegetation types. These changes in energy exchange warrant careful consideration in studies of climate change, particularly with respect to associated shifts in vegetation between forests, grasslands, and tundra.
Protein anisotropy turns solubility on its head

In the effort to understand living cells, knowledge about molecular details competes with knowledge of collective properties of large systems of molecules. On the one hand, molecular structures and interactions strongly suggest how the cell's molecular machines work and give rise to rich metabolic diagrams. On the other hand, subtle collective properties such as the entropy and free energy represent driving forces for chemical reactions, self-assembly, and phase transitions within cells. In a recent issue of PNAS, McManus et al. (1) report a dramatic advance in understanding the differing consequences of protein structure for crystallization and solution clouding. Their work straddles the structural and collective viewpoints and has implications for several current scientific efforts.
A Role of Cyclic AMP in a Neurotrophic Process

TROPHIC effects of neurones can be defined as long-term interactions between nerve cells and the tissues they innervate, which initiate or control molecular modifications in the target cells1. An example of trophic activity is the maintenance of the motor end plate of skeletal muscle by the nerve fibre. The motor nerve appears to exert a morphogenetic effect on its formation, because both the structural specializations and Cholinesterase activity of the end plate develop only in relation to the nerve fibre2–5. Conversely, denervation is followed usually by degeneration of the junction and loss of end plate Cholinesterase activity6–8.
Determinants of risk-taking: Behavioral and economic views

The concept of risk-taking is examined from various perspectives: economic, decision theoretic, and psychological. Multiple factors are discussed as complicating the extraction of any presumed risk-taking propensity from a person's real-world behavior.Problem structuring, beliefs, andvalues (defined here as riskless as opposed to risky utility) may of course underlie differences in risk behavior. In addition,context andprocess factors can induce variance in risk-bearing. Also,portfolio effects (including cross-sectional, multiattribute, and longitudinal) may greatly complicate the measurement of risk-taking propensity. Lastly, the presence of incompletemarkets (via which risks can be partially diversified and traded) may further mask the link between intrinsic and observed risk-taking. This article examines each of these measurement obstacles and sources of variance.
Science and the Unobservable

IN Prof. Dingle's lucid rejoinder to my letter1 the difference in our points of view stands out very clearly. It hinges on the meaning of such terms as “denial” and “pronouncement”.
The extraction of water by tri-n-octylamine and several of its salts in benzene and phenylcyclohexane

Abstract The variation in water content of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and several of its salts with water vapor pressure was determined by isopiestic and liquid-liquid equilibrium. In addition, the type of bonding was investigated with infrared absorption. Water was determined by Karl Fischer titration, by weight gain, and by use of titrated water as an analytical tracer. Benzene solutions of TOA extract water to form the monohydrate, with no indication of the formation of a dimer hydrate even at 0·5 M TOA. The value obtained for the equilibrium quotient with its standard error of fitting is 0·858 ± (σ = 0·006). At a fixed amine concentration, the water extracted by TOA bisulfate (TOAHS) varied nearly linearly with water activity up to aw = 0·9. That extracted by the normal sulfate (TOAS) and mixed TOA-TOAS also varied linearly with aw up to 0·4–0·7, then increased more steeply. The effect of hydration at saturation (aw = 1) depended on the amine salt form and concentration. There was little difference between benzene and phenylcyclohexane as diluents. In undiluted TOAS, water molarity varied linearly with aw up to aw = 0·7), but the mole fraction of water did not follow Henry's law above aw = 0·2). In this binary system, both TOAS and H2O showed negative deviations from Raoult's law. Infrared absorption spectra suggest both hydrogen bonding of water to the anion and simple dissolution of unbonded water, but indicate no direct interaction between the oxygen of the water and the alkylammonium ion. Benzene solutions of other TOA salts tested extract less water than solutions of TOAS, Cl > NO3 > ClO4 > OAc. They follow Henry's law, from aw = 0 to 0·85 for the nitrate and to aw = 1 for the others.
Regulation of Calcium Channels By Protein Phosphorylation

There are many types of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels that are found in a wide variety of excitable and nonexcitable cells. While voltage is the primary factor that determines whether these Ca2+ channels are opened or closed, many Ca2+ channels are regulated by receptor-dependent events (1-3). An example of this type of regulation can be seen with the dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ channels. In cardiac cells, activation of -adrenergic receptors leads to an increase in the probability that these channels will open in response to a given membrane depolarization (1-3). This ‘activation’ of the channels is believed to occur by two distinct regulatory processes. The first and most well understood is thought to involve regulation of the channels by protein phosphorylation. In this case, -adrenergic receptor-mediated increases in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is thought to result in phosphorylation of either the channel proteins or associated regulatory proteins (1-3). The phosphorylation event is believed to result in the increased probability of channel opening. The second receptor-dependent regulatory mechanism involves receptor-mediated activation of stimulatory GTP binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) which in turn are believed to directly interact with and activate the channels (4,5). Ca2+ channels in other types of cells are also believed to be regulated by a variety of G proteins and by protein phosphorylation catalyzed by a variety of protein kinases (1-4).
A randomized, prospective double-blind comparison of the efficacy of generic propofol (sulphite additive) with diprivan.

Background and objective We compared the dose requirement and side effect profile of total intravenous anaesthesia using Diprivan to generic propofol at a specific anaesthetic target level utilizing the bispectral index monitor to determine efficacy differences between the two products. Methods Sixty women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were induced with propofol 2 mg kg-1 and maintained with infusion (20-200 microg kg-1 min-1) adjusted to maintain a bispectral index of 50-65. Plasma propofol concentration was measured at 1 and 2 h post induction in 25 patients. Results Mean (SD) drug doses adjusted for weight and time were similar in the Diprivan and generic propofol groups: 90 (30) microg kg-1 min-1 vs. 90 (20) microg kg-1 min-1 respectively. Mean (SD) plasma propofol levels at 1 and 2 h were also similar (3.0 (1.0) microg mL-1 vs. 3.6 (1.4) microg mL-1, P = 0.2 and 3.0 (1.9) microg mL-1 vs. 3.4 (1.6) microg mL-1, P = 0.58). Conclusions Diprivan and generic propofol have similar efficacy at a specified, bispectral index-defined, depth of anaesthesia.
Rehydration Driven RNAi: A Novel Approach for Effectively Delivering dsRNA to Mosquito Larvae

The soft bodies and aquatic habitats of mosquito larvae pose a challenge for applying standard RNA-interference techniques to silence expression of target genes. Here we describe a novel technique for delivering double-stranded RNA into mosquito larvae by exploiting the larva's dehydration tolerance. Larvae were dehydrated in a NaCl solution and then rehydrated in water containing double-stranded RNA. Using larvae of Culex pipiens (L.) we demonstrated the principle by knocking down expression of the gene encoding heat shock protein 90. The knockdown persisted through the pupal stage and into adulthood, with a knockdown of approximately 77% still evident on the third day of adult life. We anticipate that this relatively simple procedure will prove useful for knocking down expression of other genes as well, in larvae of this mosquito and in others.
Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Men who Batter

The present investigation examined neuropsychological functioning in 50 male batterers court-ordered into treatment and 23 nonpatient controls. Subjects were administered a neuropsychological screening battery consisting of the Screening Test for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, the Stroop Color and Word Test, two memory subtests from the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-III (Figural Memory and Delayed Figural Memory), and two subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (Trails A & B). Subjects were categorized as having neuropsychological dysfunction if their scores exceeded the statistical cut offs on two or more subtests. Results indicated that 24 (48%) of the male batterers exhibited cognitive dysfunction, as compared to only 1 (4.3%) of the nonpatient controls. Inspection of individual neuropsychological measures indicated poorer performance across all subtests for impaired male batterers as compared to both nonimpaired batterers and normal controls. In contrast, no significant differences on any of these measures emerged between nonimpaired male batterers and normal controls. Implications for the appropriate screening and treatment of male batterers are discussed.
Identifying Wireless Users via Transmitter Imperfections

Variations in the RF chain of radio transmitters can be used as a signature to uniquely associate wireless devices with a given transmission. Previous approaches, which have varied from transient analysis to machine learning, do not provide verifiable accuracy, which is essential for admissibility of the methods in the court. Here we detail a first step toward a model-based approach, which uses statistical models of RF transmitter components that are amenable for analysis. Algorithms based on statistical signal processing methods are developed to exploit non-linearities of wireless transmitters for the purpose of user identification in wireless systems. The decision rules are derived and their performance is analyzed. In order to establish the viability of the proposed approach, the practical variations of transmitter chain components are analyzed based on simulations, measurements and manufacturers' specifications. Results show that the proposed identification methods can be effective, even for short data records and relatively low signal-to-noise ratios, when exploiting imperfections of commercially used RF transmitters.
Influence of implant diameter on surrounding bone.

Objectives: Implant osseointegration is dependent upon various factors, such as bone quality and type of implant surface. It is also subject to adaptation in response to changes in bone metabolism or transmission of masticatory forces. Understanding of long-term physiologic adjustment is critical to prevention of potential loss of osseointegration, especially because excessive occlusal forces lead to failure. To address this issue, wide-diameter implants were introduced in part with the hope that greater total implant surface would offer mechanical resistance. Yet, there is little evidence that variation in diameter translates into a different bone response in the implant vicinity. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing the impact of implant diameter on surrounding bone. Material and methods: Twenty standard (3.75 mm) and 20 wide (5 mm) implants were placed using an animal model. Histomorphometry was performed to establish initial bone density (IBD), bone to implant contact (BIC) and adjacent bone density (ABD). Results: BIC was 71% and 73%, whereas ABD was 65% and 52%, for standard and wide implants, respectively. These differences were not statistically different (P>0.05). Correlation with IBD was then investigated. BIC was not correlated with IBD. ABD was not correlated to IBD for standard implants (r2=0.126), but it was correlated with wide implants (r2=0.82). In addition, a 1 : 1 ratio between IBD and ABD was found for wide implants. It can be concluded, within the limits of this study, that ABD may be influenced by implant diameter, perhaps due to differences in force dissipation.
Cognitive impairments from developmental exposure to serotonergic drugs: citalopram and MDMA.

We previously showed that developmental 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment induces long-term spatial and egocentric learning and memory deficits and serotonin (5-HT) reductions. During brain development, 5-HT is a neurotrophic factor influencing neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, migration, and target field organization. MDMA (10 mg/kg × 4/d at 2 h intervals) given on post-natal day (PD) 11–20 in rats (a period of limbic system development that approximates human third trimester brain development) induces 50% reductions in 5-HT during treatment and 20% reductions when assessed as adults. To determine whether the 5-HT reduction is responsible for the cognitive deficits, we used citalopram (Cit) pretreatment to inhibit the effects of MDMA on 5-HT reuptake in a companion study. Cit attenuated MDMA-induced 5-HT reductions by 50% (Schaefer et al., [2012][1]). Here we tested whether Cit (5 or 7.5 mg/kg × 2/d) pretreatment attenuates the cognitive effects of MDMA. Within each litter, different offspring were treated on PD11–20 with saline (Sal) + MDMA, Cit + MDMA, Cit + Sal or Sal + Sal. Neither spatial nor egocentric learning/memory was improved by Cit pretreatment. Unexpectedly, Cit + Sal (at both doses) produced spatial and egocentric learning deficits as severe as those caused by Sal + MDMA. These are the first data showing cognitive deficits resulting from developmental exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. These data indicate the need for further research on the long-term safety of antidepressants during pregnancy. [1]: #ref-60
Robotically assisted needle driver: evaluation of safety release, force profiles, and needle spin in a swine abdominal model

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate two features of a new rotating needle driver in a domestic swine model: (1) a quick release safety mechanism and (2) the impact of spinning the needle on the force profile.
Design Oriented Aeroelastic Analysis of Hypersonic Vehicles Including Internal and External Radiation Eects

A methodology for obtaining shape sensitivities of flutter eigenvalues of aerothermoelastic structures is presented. The response is based on a coupled aero-thermal-structural multidisciplinary analysis. Thermal analysis includes nonlinear transient heat conduction with radiation on the external wing surface and inside the internal cavities of the structure. Thermal effects are included in structural analysis through dependence of material properties on temperature and through geometric effects due to thermal stresses. Numerical test cases include panel flutter and a low aspect ratio wing box. Parametric flutter studies are performed for the wing box with respect to a design variable and the sensitivity results are shown for the multidisciplinary problem.
Mass distribution on clusters at the percolation threshold

Monte Carlo simulations and a scaling hypothesis are used to study the distribution of blob masses on two-dimensional finite-mass clusters at the percolation threshold. The exponents associated with this distribution function are a combination of backbone and percolation exponents. This work offers insights into the structure and fragmentation properties of percolation clusters in particular, and provides methods applicable to other fractal distribution problems in general.
Giant-cell tumor of the tibial diaphysis.

This report describes a giant-cell tumor which arose in the tibia of a twenty-seven-year-old woman and did not involve the epiphysis. The tumor was composed of plump, spindle-shaped cells and giant cells, and had the histological appearance typical of giant-cell tumors. It did not contain areas of hemorrhage, hemosiderin pigment, osteoid, bone, or significant amounts of collagen. The lesion also did not have the fibrotic, scarred appearance of a fibrous cortical defect, reparative granuloma, or brown tumor of hyperthyroidism, the lesions it most closely resembled. The patient had no detectable parathyroid dysfunction. The clinical, roentgenographic, and histological features of other osseous lesions which may contain giant cells were not present.
Predicting the Cost and Benefit of Adapting Data Parallel Applications in Clusters

This paper examines the problem of adapting data parallel applications in a shared dynamic environment of PC or workstation clusters. We developed an analytic framework to compare and contrast a wide range of adaptation strategies: dynamic load balancing, migration, processor addition and removal. These strategies have been evaluated with respect to the cost and benefit they provide for three representative parallel applications: an iterative jacobi solver for Laplace's equation, gaussian elimination with partial pivoting, and a gene sequence comparison application. We found that the cost and benefit of each method can be predicted with high accuracy (within 10%) for all applications and show that the framework is applicable to a wide variety of parallel applications. We then show that accurate prediction allows the most appropriate method to be selected dynamically. Performance improvement for the three applications ranged from 25% to 45% using our adaptation library. In addition, we dispel the conventional wisdom that migration is too expensive, and show that it can be beneficial even for running parallel applications with non-trivial communication.
Effective techniques for distance education instruction

Distance education is not a recent innovation in education, correspondence courses have been used for over 150 years, but new interactive technologies are forcing reconceptualization of the process of reaching at a distance. The opportunity for interaction between students and the teacher distinguishes modern distance education from broadcast media and text-based study. The addition of increased interaction through more powerful technology is forcing a reconceptualization of the techniques for instruction at a distance.
Establishment of Native Species in Soils From Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon Repens) Invasions

Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens [L.] DC.), an exotic perennial forb, has invaded many native ecosystems in western North America. Russian knapweed’s success is attributed to allelopathy, extensive tap rooting, zinc accumulation in soils, and a lack of North American predators. Revegetation following chemical control slows exotic reestablishment, but the impacts of Russian knapweed-invaded soils on the establishment of native forbs and shrubs have not been determined. In a greenhouse experiment, we monitored the establishment of two native forbs, Indian blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) and purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) and two native shrubs, winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata [Pursh] A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit syn. Ceratoides lanata) and Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis [Hook.] Nutt.) in soils obtained from three Russian knapweed invasions and adjacent noninvaded areas. We analyzed soils collected near Greybull and Riverton, Wyoming, and Greeley, Colorado, for cation exchange capacity, organic matter, electroconductivity, pH, and total nitrogen, carbon, and plant-available potassium, zinc, manganese, copper, and phosphate. We documented seedling emergence of the four natives and Russian knapweed every two days for 14–17 weeks, harvested seedlings biweekly to assess their growth, and determined their zinc accumulation. All species established in invaded soil and seedlings were larger in invaded than in noninvaded soils. Invaded rangeland soils had greater organic matter (8.6% and 1.1% in invaded vs. 2.5% and 0.4% in noninvaded soils) and lower pH (7.4 in invaded versus 8.0 noninvaded soils). Zinc concentrations in invaded soils (from 0.15 to 6.56 mg ? kg 21 ) were not high enough to limit plant growth. Reports that Russian knapweed is a hyper-accumulator of zinc are not supported by our seedling data, which suggests that previously invaded soils may not limit native seedlings.
Balancing the Books on Conservation and Development: Transient Corporate Investment in Golfito, Costa Rica

This paper takes a historical, political-ecological approach to understand the present economic and environmental condition of Golfito, Costa Rica. Contemporary problems result from the convergence of local human ecological relationships, local and national economic depression, national and global environmental politics, and international political and economic inequity. Powerful transient corporate investors exploit opportunities made available by vulnerable developing nations in a pattern of ecologically destructive "development" that may meet local and national needs for revenue; geographically distanced "conservation" areas protect "green" reputations but do not necessarily result in protection. The implication of this pattern is that sustainable development is discursively finessed, rather than practically reconciled. Key words: sustainable development, conservation, Costa Rica, Golfito, multinational corporations, political-ecology
Examples of Markov Chains with Larger State Spaces

In Chapter 6, we took advantage of the simplicity of 2-state chains to intro- duce fundamental ideas of Markov dependence and long-run behavior using only elementary mathematics. Markov chains taking more than two values are needed in many simulations of practical importance. These chains with larger state spaces can behave in very intricate ways, and a rigorous mathematical treatment of them is beyond the scope of this book. Our approach in this chapter is to provide examples that illustrate some of the important behaviors of more general Markov chains.
Is surgical repair of the fallopian tubes ever appropriate

The overall median prevalence of infertility, defined as no conception after more than 12 months of unprotected intercourse with the husband or cohabiting partner in women aged 15 to 44 years, is approximately 9%. About 25% to 33% of female infertility is the result of tubal disease and endometriosis. In view of very successful alternative treatment of tubal factor infertility, the surgical repair of the fallopian tubes is all but obsolete and has been replaced with assisted reproductive technology. This article reviews situations in which surgical repair of the fallopian tubes may facilitate conception.
CONTEXTS OF CULTURAL CHANGE IN INSULAR CALIFORNIA

Archaeological and ethnohistorical researchers in California are reaping the rewards from a wealth of new information about precontact and early historical cultural diversity, technologies, and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Our recent investigations into the later prehistory of the island groups of southern California have centered on processes of sociopolitical evolution, including the emergence of status differentiation, evidence for intensification of craft production, and associated changes in human uses of animal resources as societies became more complex. We have linked some specific changes in diet, labor organization, and exchange to documented climatic disturbances, suggesting that opportunities created by such disruptions may have accounted in part for the timing of changes, but were not their cause in any mechanistic or simplistic sense. A recent American Antiquity report overlooks the primary results of this research and isolates the environmental data from a broad multidimensional model of cultural change in coastal California. We provide an update on the status of Channel Islands archaeology and identify the fundamental problems with approaches that extract and decontextualize environmental processes from cultural processes by assessing limited faunal data sets.
Buteo polyosoma and B. Poecilochrous, the red-backed buzzards of South America, are conspecific

The Puna Buzzard (= Variable Buzzard or Gurney's Buzzard, Buteo poecilochrous) and the Red-backed Buzzard (B. polyosoma) are two morphologically similar and closely related South American raptors that have been and are currently separated as species mainly on the basis of wing length and Stresemann's wing formula. I reexamined wing formula, wing length, geographic variables, and plumage in adults and immatures, and adult vocalizations. For both adults and immatures, wing formula and wing length are not reliable taxonomic characters because of their continuous clinal relationship. In both age classes, wing tip contour changes allometrically with changes in wing length, which is itself a function of body size and mass. Thus, neither of the currently accepted morphometric characters examined here serve to separate taxon polyosoma from taxon poecilochrous. There are at least 27 distinct adult plumage morphs (formerly five) in this species group, perhaps more than any other in Falconiformes, with no relationship to morphometric variables and only minor geographic variation. Immature plumages are similarly ineffective in diagnosing taxa. Vocalizations are similar among adults from widely varying latitudes and altitudes. I therefore propose dropping poecilochrous (Gurney 1879) in favor of polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard 1824) for all forms in this group, as the latter has priority. The English common name applied to this group should be Variable Buzzard, with the exception of the isolated population in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago which should for now remain the Juan Fernandez Buzzard (B. p. exsul), although it may well be elevated to species rank with further data.
Utilization of ULV Aerosols for Control of the German Cockroach

A Micro-Gen® ULV aerosol generator was utilized to test solutions of synergized pyrethrins, dichlorvos, and resmethrin against Blattella germanica (L.) in chamber and experimental house tests. Mortality to the cockroaches decreased as their protection from the aerosols increased. Fallout deposits from the aerosols gave greater mortality on glass than on absorbent paper surfaces. The major lethal effects of the treatments were expressed during the 1st 15–30 min of exposure.
Analysis techniques to estimate the overhead energy for industrial facilities and case studies

In this study, four important techniques for estimating the non-process energy (heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation) in industrial and manufacturing buildings were examined. The building energy data for two industrial facilities were collected and analysed. The building non-process energy includes lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation. The power intensity (kW/m2) for each energy type use was estimated using two or more methods (direct measurement of non-process energy, direct measurement of process energy, regression and simulation) and then analysed. The results of these estimates were close to each other which indicate that any method can be used based on available information. This non-process energy needs to be clearly defined to allow more quantitative improvements. The utilization of percentage of non-process energy in industrial and manufacturing plants is an important potential source of energy and cost improvements. Previous analysis of industrial energy use often expressed non-proces...
Causes and solutions of brucella continued high incidence

Objective To discuss the reason and solution of continued high rates of Brucella.Methods To Analyze the relations of brucella with farmers' life behavior,and the lack of management functions.Results Contact with animal increases the chance of brucella infection,the lack of transaction management lead to the source of infection of brucella to enter,sell of sick animals lead to brucella infection to spread,misdiagnosis causes brucella become chronic.Conclusions Establishing brucella monitoring mechanism between animals,' wear latex gloves' to intervene high exposed group,conduct health education for different people respectively,abandon trading sick animals.