cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in symptom presentation of youths with bipolar disorder

Objective: To compare symptom profiles of African-American and white adolescents with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Method: Adolescents, aged 12–18 years at their first psychiatric hospitalization, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, manic or mixed, were evaluated on measures of manic, depressive, and positive symptoms of psychosis. Ethnic differences in symptom profiles were examined using multivariate analysis of covariance, and specific symptoms contributing to the difference were analyzed. Results: Ethnic differences existed in manic and positive symptom profiles, but not depressive symptoms. Compared with the white cohort, African-American youths were diagnosed more frequently as having psychotic features, and had higher ratings for auditory hallucinations. Conclusions: Similar to adults, symptom expression in adolescent bipolar disorder may differ between ethnic groups. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings and explore possible explanations.
The human recombinant histamine releasing factor: functional evidence that it does not bind to the IgE molecule.

Abstract Background: We have previously shown that the human recombinant histamine releasing factor (HrHRF) caused histamine release from a subset of basophils from donors with allergy, and this release seemed to be dependent on the presence of a certain type of IgE, termed IgE+ . IgE molecules that did not support HrHRF-induced histamine release were termed IgE– . However, subsequently we demonstrated that HrHRF primes anti-IgE-antibody–induced histamine release from all basophils, irrespective of the type of IgE on the cell surface. Objective: Because these data suggested that HrHRF does not exert its biologic effects by binding to IgE, but rather that it interacted with a surface receptor on the basophil, we wanted to obtain functional evidence that HrHRF did or did not bind to the IgE molecule. Methods: The rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-SX38), which has been transfected to express a functional human FcϵRI (α-, β-, and γ-chains of the receptor) in addition to the normal rat FcϵRI, was used. The presence of the human FcϵRI receptor enables these cells to be sensitized with human IgE. Cells were passively sensitized with 1000 ng/mL human IgE+ or 1000 ng/mL human IgE– for 60 minutes at 37°C. Unsensitized cells served as a control. After the cells were washed, 1 × l0 5 cells were stimulated in the presence of 1 mmol/L Ca 2+ with 0.1 μg/mL anti-IgE, 40 μg/mL HrHRF, or 40 μg/mL mouse recombinant HRF (MrHRF), which has 96% homology to HrHRF. Results: Mean anti-IgE–induced histamine release was 33% ± 15%, and there was no difference between IgE+ sensitization (32% ± 12%) and IgE– sensitization (34% ± 18%). However, in contrast to human basophil experiments, neither HrHRF (0% ± 0%) nor MrHRF (3% ± 5%) caused histamine release in RBL cells sensitized with IgE+. In addition, priming the transfected RBL-SX38 cells or the parental cell line, RBL-2H3 cells, with HrHRF or MrHRF did not increase anti-IgE–induced histamine release. Conclusion: The results indicate that HrHRF does not bind to IgE, either IgE+ or IgE–. Therefore it appears likely that rHRF signals through its own specific receptor, which is not expressed or functional on RBL-SX38 or RBL-2H3 cells, but which seems to be expressed on basophils of atopic and nonatopic donors. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:642-8.)
Coupling of dual signaling pathways: epidermal growth factor action involves the estrogen receptor.

Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) reproduces many of the effects of estrogen on the murine female reproductive tract and may partially mediate estrogen-induced growth and differentiation. This study was performed to investigate the mechanism by which EGF elicits estrogen-like actions in the whole animal. EGF was administered to adult ovariectomized mice by slow release pellets implanted under the kidney capsule. The induction of uterine DNA synthesis and phosphatidylinositol lipid turnover by EGF or administration of diethylstilbestrol (5 micrograms/kg), a potent estrogen, was attenuated by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 164,384. Furthermore, EGF mimicked the effects of estrogen on enhanced nuclear localization of the estrogen receptor and the formation of a unique form of the estrogen receptor found exclusively in the nucleus. These results suggest that EGF may induce effects similar to those of estrogen in the mouse uterus by an interaction between the EGF signaling pathway and the classical estrogen receptor. The demonstration of cross-talk between polypeptide growth factors and steroid hormone receptors may be of importance to our understanding of the regulation of normal growth and differentiation as well as the mechanisms of transmission of extracellular mitogen signals to the nucleus.
Integrin-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory event in collagen-IV-mediated adhesion and proliferation of human lung tumor cell line, Calu-1.

Abstract Background The clinical phenomenon of lung cancer metastasis to specific target organs is believed to be a direct interaction between tumor cells and extracellular matrix components. During invasion, tumor cells attach to the basement membrane protein, collagen type IV, degrade it, migrate through blood vessels, and adhere to extracellular matrix proteins. Methods Four nonsmall-cell lung cancer cells were tested for adhesion, proliferation, migration and morphologic alterations on collagen type IV matrix by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, phase contrast and time lapse video microscopy. Results Collagen type IV promoted Calu-1 cell adhesion ( 1 -integrin is essential for collagen type IV adhesion and 8 to 10 fold higher expression of β 1 -integrin on the surface of Calu-1 cells was identified. A protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, peroxyvanadate, caused 50% inhibition in the adhesion process within 5 minutes but exposure to 60 μmol/L genistein for 72 hours, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, drastically inhibits Calu-1 cell proliferation (> 70%). We examined the influence of β 1 -integrin, peroxyvanadate and genistein on the spreading morphogenesis of Calu-1 cells on Collagen type IV. Use of either 1 μg of anti β 1 -integrin inhibitory antibody (P5D2), 100 μmol/L peroxyvanadate or 60 μmol/L genistein had dramatic influence on the spreading of Calu-1 cells. Finally, Focal adhesion kinase was identified as a phosphoprotein target. Conclusions We have characterized an in vitro model of matrix-specific binding of a lung cancer cell line, Calu-1 to Coll IV. Calu-1 cells use primarily a β 1 -integrin mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation phenomenon as the key regulatory mechanism for its binding advantage to Coll IV matrix.
What methods are most frequently used in research in criminology and criminal justice

Articles published in seven leading criminology and criminal justice journals were coded with regard to the research methods used, focusing on the general research designs, data-gathering methods, and statistical analysis techniques employed. The results indicated that survey research was by far the dominant mode of acquiring criminological information, that cross-sectional nonexperimental designs still predominated, and that multivariate statistical methods were the norm. The findings could aid criminology and criminal justice faculty in devising graduate methods curricula that reflected the state-of-the-art as currently practiced by criminological researchers. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interannual Variations of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Asian Pacific Region(.

Abstract A finite-domain wavenumber–frequency analysis was proposed to objectively measure the interannual variability of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the Asian–Pacific region. The strongest interannual variations of the ISO are found in the off-equatorial western North Pacific (WNP). In summers when El Nino is developing, both the westward- and northward-propagating waves with periods of 15–40 and 8–10 days are enhanced in July–October. The northward-propagating ISO in the Indian summer monsoon region, however, has little linkage with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO affects the northwestward-propagating ISO mode in the WNP through changing the mean circulation. During July–October in the El Nino developing year, the easterly vertical shears over the tropical western Pacific are considerably increased, which in turn promote development and northwestward emanation of Rossby waves away from the equatorial western-central Pacific, reinforcing the WNP ISO. In the Indian summe...
Modeling organic aerosol from the oxidation of α-pinene in a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) chamber

Abstract. A model has been developed to simulate the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and was tested against data produced in a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) flow reactor and a large environmental chamber. The model framework is based on the two-dimensional volatility basis set approach (2D-VBS), in which SOA oxidation products in the model are distributed on the 2-D space of effective saturation concentration (Ci*) and oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O : C). The modeled organic aerosol mass concentrations (COA) and O : C agree with laboratory measurements within estimated uncertainties. However, while both measured and modeled O : C increase with increasing OH exposure as expected, the increase of modeled O : C is rapid at low OH exposure and then slows as OH exposure increases while the increase of measured O : C is initially slow and then accelerates as OH exposure increases. A global sensitivity analysis indicates that modeled COA values are most sensitive to the assumed values for the number of Ci* bins, the heterogeneous OH reaction rate coefficient, and the yield of first-generation products. Modeled SOA O : C values are most sensitive to the assumed O : C of first-generation oxidation products, the number of Ci* bins, the heterogeneous OH reaction rate coefficient, and the number of O : C bins. All these sensitivities vary as a function of OH exposure. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the 2D-VBS model framework may require modifications to resolve discrepancies between modeled and measured O : C as a function of OH exposure.
GCR access to the Moon as measured by the CRaTER instrument on LRO

[1] Recent modeling efforts have yielded varying and conflicting results regarding the possibility that Earth's magnetosphere is able to shield energetic particles of >10 MeV at lunar distances. This population of particles consists of galactic cosmic rays as well as energetic particles that are accelerated by solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is in orbit about the Moon and is thus able to directly test these modeling results. Over the course of a month, CRaTER samples the upstream solar wind as well as various regions of Earth's magnetotail. CRaTER data from multiple lunations demonstrate that Earth's magnetosphere at lunar distances produces no measurable influence on energetic particle flux, even at the lowest energies (>14 MeV protons) where any effect should be maximized. For particles with energies of 14–30 MeV, we calculate an upper limit (determined by counting statistics) on the amount of shielding caused by the magnetosphere of 1.7%. The high energy channel (>500 MeV) provides an upper limit of 3.2%.
Electron transfer dissociation of peptides generated by microwave D-cleavage digestion of proteins.

The nonenzymatic digestion of proteins by microwave D-cleavage is an effective technique for site-specific cleavage at aspartic acid (D). This specific cleavage C-terminal to D residues leads to inherently large peptides (15–25 amino acids) that are usually relatively highly charged (above +3) when ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI) due to the presence of several basic amino acids within their sequences. It is well-documented that highly charged peptide ions generated by ESI are well-suited for electron transfer dissociation (ETD), which produces c- and z-type fragment ions via gas-phase ion/ion reactions. In this paper, we describe the sequence analysis by ETD tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of multiply charged peptides generated by microwave D-cleavage of several standard proteins. Results from ETD measurements are directly compared to CID MS/MS of the same multiply charged precursor ions. Our results demonstrate that the nonenzymatic microwave D-cleavage technique is a rapid (<6 min) and specifi...
Multi-core parallel simulation of system-level description languages

The validation of transaction level models described in System-level Description Languages (SLDLs) often relies on extensive simulation. However, traditional Discrete Event (DE) simulation of SLDLs is cooperative and cannot utilize the available parallelism in modern multi-core CPU hosts. In this work, we study the SLDL execution semantics of concurrent threads and present a multi-core parallel simulation approach which automatically protects communication between concurrent threads so that parallel simulation on multi-core hosts becomes possible. We demonstrate significant speed-up in simulation time of several system models, including a H.264 video decoder and a JPEG encoder.
Sand–rubber mixtures: Experiments and numerical simulations

This paper documents the results of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations conducted to examine the behavior of mixtures composed of rubber and sand particles of similar size. Emphasis wa...
FIRST MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY WITH DIVERTOR THOMSON SCATTERING IN RADIATIVE DIVERTOR DISCHARGES ON DIII-D

We have obtained the first measurements of n{sub e} and T{sub e} in the DIII-D divertor region with a multi-pulse (20 Hz) Divertor Thomson Scattering (DTS) system. Eight measurement locations are distributed vertically up to 21 cm above the divertor plate. Two-dimensional distributions have been obtained by sweeping the divertor plasma across the DTS measurement location. Several operating modes have been studied, including ohmic, L-mode, Elming H-mode, and Radiative Divertor operation with puffing of D{sub 2} and impurities. Mapping of the data to either the (L{sub pol}, {phi}) or (R, Z) planes with the EFIT equilibrium is used to analyze the 2D profiles. We find that in ELMing H-mode: n{sub e}, T{sub e}, and P{sub e} are relatively constant along field lines from the X-point to the divertor plate, especially near the separatrix field line. With D{sub 2} puffing, the DTS profiles indicate that T{sub e} in a large part of divertor region below the X-point is dramatically reduced from {approximately}30-40 eV in ELMing H-mode to 1-2 eV. This results in a fairly uniform low-T{sub e} divertor, with an increased electron density in the range of 2 to 4 x 10{sup 20} m{sup -3}. Detailed comparisons of the spatial profiles of n{sub e}, T{sub e}, and electron pressure P{sub e}, are presented for several operating modes. In addition, these data are compared with initial calculations from the UEDGE fluid code.
Authentication of Data on Devices

Use of smart-phones and devices has proliferated almost all aspects of our lives. With that, each of us have become the producers and consumers of different types of data, of different levels of sensitivity, and of different levels of trustworthiness. One important aspect of managing such data on our devices and associated cloud (e.g., iCloud of Apple) is how to manage the authenticity such data. In this paper, we present a data model and a scheme towards assuring authenticity of the data. Our scheme is very efficient -- it computes only one signature.
La lírica rococó en Hispanoamérica

De la misma manera que es perceptible en los ultimos anos el avance de la critica sobre el concepto de Manierismo, no resulta exagerado defender una situacion parecida para el concepto de Rococo. Aunque tanto en un caso como en otrolas clarificaciones disten de guardar relacion con la abundanciade la bibliografia.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE ORDER APIALES TO SUBCLASS ASTERIDAE : A RE-EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS BASED ON INSIGHTS FROM MOLECULAR DATA

Phylogenetic relationships involving the angiosperm order Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) are troublesome at nearly every taxonomic level and have eluded several generations of botanists. Because of difficulties in interpreting and polarizing morphological character states at deeper phylogenetic levels, most studies in Apiales have focused on relationships between the two families and among/within the apialean genera. In the present study, however, recent contributions from molecular analyses are reviewed and combined using a ‘supertree’ approach to test traditional hypotheses of relationships involving Apiales, and to re-evaluate assumptions of character-state evolution in the order. Results from this study confirm that Apiales form a monophyletic group with Pittosporaceae (along with Griselinia G. Forst., Melanophylla Baker, Torricellia DC. and Aralidium Miq.), and should be transferred out of subclass Rosidae (away from both Cornales and Sapindales) to the Asteridae (in a position close to Asterales and Dipsacales). These findings are also supported by several lines of morphological, anatomical, and phytochemical evidence, and provide a more satisfactory framework for interpreting relationships and character-state evolution within the major clades of Apiales.
An economical and green approach for the oxidation of olefins to enones

A new and optimized water-based procedure for the oxidation of steroidal olefins and benzylic compounds to α,β-enones, using household laundry bleach and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide at sub-ambient temperature, is described. This simple methodology is not only economical but is also environmentally friendly. Issues of reactivity, selectivity and scope of the reaction were investigated with a variety of steroidal olefins and benzylic compounds.
Reference-free quantification of EEG spectra: Combining current source density (CSD) and frequency principal components analysis (fPCA)

Abstract Objective Definition of appropriate frequency bands and choice of recording reference limit the interpretability of quantitative EEG, which may be further compromised by distorted topographies or inverted hemispheric asymmetries when employing conventional (non-linear) power spectra. In contrast, fPCA factors conform to the spectral structure of empirical data, and a surface Laplacian (2-dimensional CSD) simplifies topographies by minimizing volume-conducted activity. Conciseness and interpretability of EEG and CSD fPCA solutions were compared for three common scaling methods. Methods Resting EEG and CSD (30 channels, nose reference, eyes open/closed) from 51 healthy and 93 clinically-depressed adults were simplified as power, log power, and amplitude spectra, and summarized using unrestricted, Varimax-rotated, covariance-based fPCA. Results Multiple alpha factors were separable from artifact and reproducible across subgroups. Power spectra produced numerous, sharply-defined factors emphasizing low frequencies. Log power spectra produced fewer, broader factors emphasizing high frequencies. Solutions for amplitude spectra showed optimal intermediate tuning, particularly when derived from CSD rather than EEG spectra. These solutions were topographically distinct, detecting multiple posterior alpha generators but excluding the dorsal surface of the frontal lobes. Instead a low alpha/theta factor showed a secondary topography along the frontal midline. Conclusions CSD amplitude spectrum fPCA solutions provide simpler, reference-independent measures that more directly reflect neuronal activity. Significance A new quantitative EEG approach affording spectral components is developed that closely parallels the concept of an ERP component in the temporal domain.
Commissioning results of slow extraction of heavy ions from the AGS Booster

Brookhaven's AGS Booster has been modified to deliver slow extracted beam to a new beam line, the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). This facility was constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space program. The design of the resonant extraction system has been described. A more detailed description, which includes predictions of the slow extracted beam time structure has been described. In this report we present results of the system commissioning and performance.
Estimation and Economic Implications of Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Infestation on Weight Gain of Cattle, Bos taurus and Bos taurus × Bos indicus

Results of a study to determine economic impact of feeding female lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), on stocker cattle (weaned cattle before going into a feedlot) indicated that ticks significantly reduced live weight gain in Bos taurus (L.) cattle. However, F1 B. taurus × Bos indicus cattle supported fewer ticks, and rate of gain was not altered significantly. An average of 40 attached female ticks reduced live weight gain equivalent to ca. $40 per animal for B. taurus stocker cattle.
Deletion of EphA4 enhances deafferentation-induced ipsilateral sprouting in auditory brainstem projections

Axonal selection of ipsilateral and/or contralateral targets is essential for integrating bilateral sensory information and for coordinated movement. The molecular processes that determine ipsilateral and contralateral target choice are not fully understood. We examined this target selection in the developing auditory brainstem. Ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) axons normally project to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) only on the contralateral side. However, after unilateral removal of cochlear input in neonates, we found that axons from the unoperated VCN sprout and project to MNTB bilaterally. We found that EphA4 is expressed in the mouse auditory brainstem during development and during a sensitive period for ipsilateral sprouting, so we hypothesized that deletion of the Eph receptor EphA4 would impair target selection in these auditory pathways. Lipophilic dyes were used to evaluate quantitatively the brainstem projections in wild-type and EphA4-null mice. VCN-MNTB projections in EphA4-null mice were strictly contralateral, as in wild-type mice. However, after deafferentation, EphA4-null mice had a significant, threefold increase in the proportion of axons from the intact VCN that sprouted into ipsilateral MNTB compared with wild-type mice. Heterozygous mice had a twofold increase in these projections. These results demonstrate that EphA4 influences auditory brainstem circuitry selectively in response to deafferentation. Although this axon guidance molecule is not by itself necessary for appropriate target choice during normal development, it is a strong determinant of ipsilateral vs. contralateral target choice during deafferentation-induced plasticity.
Redox imbalance differentially inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation in the mouse liver.

Endotoxemia is accompanied by significant changes in the reductive-oxidative (redox) balance of critical target organs. Redox stress has been shown to regulate the expression of proinflammatory genes that are induced by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro; however, much less is known about the effects of redox imbalance on LPS-induced gene expression in vivo. To assess the effects of redox stress on inflammatory responses in endotoxemia, mice were treated with either diethyl maleate (DEM), a glutathione-depleting agent, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, and challenged with LPS. While serum tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) responses and the appearance of TNF-α-positive Kupffer cells in the liver were virtually eliminated by DEM or BSO treatment, the expression of both CD14 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by Kupffer cells was unaffected by glutathione depletion. By contrast, LPS-induced hepatocyte and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell iNOS expression was significantly inhibited in DEM-treated mice. Hepatocyte iNOS induced by recombinant mouse TNF-α was also inhibited by DEM treatment. These results indicate that the effects of oxidative stress in this organ are cell type specific and suggest that both the production and the action of TNF-α are substantially influenced by the redox state of the liver during endotoxemia.
Privacy and Technology

The definition above nicely encapsulates two of the intertwined meanings of ‘privacy’. In the first sense—physical seclusion—the level of privacy in modern developed societies is extraordinarily high by historical standards. We take it for granted that a bed in a hotel will be occupied by either one person or a couple—not by several strangers. At home, few of us expect to share either bed or bedroom with our children. In these and a variety of other ways, increased physical privacy has come as a byproduct of increased wealth.
Robust nested saturation redesign for systems with input unmodeled dynamics

We consider nonlinear systems in feedforward form and redesign nested saturation control laws to guarantee global asymptotic stability in the presence of unmodeled dynamics appearing at the system input. Unlike most previous results, this redesign is applicable to a large class of unmodeled dynamics, including actuators that change the relative degree of the system.
Distinct roles of HF-1b/Sp4 in ventricular and neural crest cells lineages affect cardiac conduction system development

The heterogeneous cell types of the cardiac conduction system are responsible for coordinating and maintaining rhythmic contractions of the heart. While it has been shown that the cells of the conduction system are derived from myocytes, additional cell types, including neural crest cells, may play a role in the development and maturation of these specialized cell lineages. Previous work has shown that the expression of the hf-1b gene is required for specification of the cardiac conduction system. Using Cre-Lox technology, we conditionally mutated the hf-1b gene in the ventricular and the neural crest cell lineages. Cx40 immunohistochemistry on HF-1b tissue-restricted knockouts revealed a requirement for HF-1b in the cardiomyogenic lineage. Electrophysiological studies identified a second requirement for HF-1b in the neural crest-derived cells. Absence of HF-1b in the neural crest led to atrial and atrioventricular dysfunction resulting from deficiencies in the neurotrophin receptor trkC. Therefore, in this study, we document that a single transcription factor, HF-1b, acts through two separate cell types to direct distinct functions of the cardiac conduction system.
Females sample more males at high nesting densities, but ultimately obtain less attractive mates

Sexual selection is largely driven by the availability of mates. Theory predicts that male competition and female choice should be density-dependent, with males competing more intensely at relatively high density, and females becoming increasingly discriminating when there are more males from whom to choose. Evidence for flexible mating decisions is growing, but we do not understand how environmental variation is incorporated into mate sampling strategies. We mimicked threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) breeding conditions in pools with high and low densities of nesting males and allowed females to search for mates to determine whether 1) mate search strategies change with the density of breeding males and 2) pre-copulatory components of mate choice (signalling, competition, search patterns, and mating decisions) are modified in parallel. While females sampled more males at high male density, suggesting greater opportunity for sexual selection, the expanded search did not result in females choosing males with more attractive sexual signals. This is likely because red throat colouration was twice as great when half as many males competed. Instead, females chose similarly at high and low male density, using a relative strategy to compare male traits amongst potential suitors. Reduced throat colour could reflect a trade-off with costly male competition. However, we did not observe more intense competition at higher relative density. Density-dependent signalling appears largely responsible for females associating with males who have more attractive signals at low density. If we lacked knowledge of plasticity in signalling, we might have concluded that females are more discriminating at low male density. To understand interactions between mate choice and population dynamics, we should consider how components of mate choice that precede the mating decision interact.
Don't know, don't care: revisited.

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study re-evaluates the awareness and attitudes of medical students concerning military programs, which can provide financial support for medical student education. An original study, 10 years ago, demonstrated a minimal awareness of these programs. With medical school tuitions rising dramatically in the intervening years, as well as the resultant student indebtedness increasing significantly, it is appropriate to readdress this knowledge of attitude toward financial options through military programs for medical students. Reassessment was undertaken using the same evaluation instrument. In the decade in which these four assessments were made, attitudes toward amelioration of medical student tuitional indebtedness, through programs sponsored by the Department of Defense, have worsened. This phenomenon jeopardizes military medicine and, in so doing, negatively impacts readiness of our Armed Forces.
Moderately long-lived informational RNA

This chapter discusses the moderately long-lived informational RNA. There exist a growing number of examples of moderately long-lived template RNAs that are known to be stored for periods ranging from several hours to several days. In addition, it may be protected from degradation for prolonged periods in functioning, nonrepressed polyribosomes, perhaps by virtue of association with other stable structures, e.g., membranes. Moderately long-lived template is of widespread occurrence, and it is not confined to cell types that suffer loss or total inactivation of their nuclei. Moderately long-lived informational RNAs have been found in certain microorganisms and their template RNAs appear to exist in bacteria independently of sporulation as well.
Effects of Prior Semen Injections and Weekly Inseminations on Hybridization of Chickens and Turkeys

SummaryEight weekly artificial inseminations of Beltsville Small White turkey hens with Dark Cornish chicken semen were only partially successful in achieving cross-fertilization. Identifiable hybrid embryos were produced only in an 18-day period immediately following the first insemination. Intraperi-toneal injections of turkey hens with chicken semen in Freund's adjuvant before artificial insemination by the same semen donors suppressed the ability of their subsequent eggs to undergo hybrid embryonic development. Similar injections of adjuvant alone had no suppressing effect.
Specific immunologic unresponsiveness to delayed hypersensitivity elicited in adult mice.

SummaryImmunologic unresponsiveness directed against delayed but not immediate hypersensitivity to protein antigen can be elicited in adult mice by exposing them to a buffer solution of antigen within a certain short, critical time after they have been vaccinated with the same antigen in water-in-oil emulsion. Further study of this phenomenon may improve understanding of and control over the mechanisms of induction of delayed and immediate hypersensitivities.
Linear Phasor Estimator Assisted Dynamic State Estimation

Measurements provided by the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a power network can be highly erroneous. Furthermore, some generating units may not have a local PMU, therefore it may not be possible to obtain high accurate and reliable results based on the previously studied dynamic state estimation approaches, which rely on the raw measurements provided by the PMUs. In order to address these issues, this paper presents a robust distributed dynamic state estimation approach that not only is robust against bad data, but also makes it possible to obtain the dynamic state estimation results for the generators without a local PMU. The proposed approach also accounts for expected delays in receiving estimated measurements by using a multi-step ahead state predictor to correct for delayed inputs. This procedure can also be useful for the short-term transient stability predictions.
Nonempirical range-separated hybrid functionals for solids and molecules

Dielectric-dependent hybrid (DDH) functionals were recently shown to yield accurate energy gaps and dielectric constants for a wide variety of solids, at a computational cost considerably less than that of $\mathit{GW}$ calculations. The fraction of exact exchange included in the definition of DDH functionals depends (self-consistently) on the dielectric constant of the material. Here we introduce a range-separated (RS) version of DDH functionals where short- and long-range components are matched using system-dependent, nonempirical parameters. We show that RS-DDHs yield accurate electronic properties of inorganic and organic solids, including energy gaps and absolute ionization potentials. Furthermore we show that these functionals may be generalized to finite systems.
Abstract A72: Dissecting the role of NF-kappaB signaling in ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States with high morbidity and mortality due to recurrence and chemoresistance. Our data suggest tumor-initiating cells (TICs) play an important role in disease biology. We previously showed that a subset of ovarian cancer cells depends on NF-kappaB signaling, and that expression of NF-kappaB proteins is associated with poor survival. To investigate this pathway in TICs, we designed a novel method to enrich for TICs from cell lines and patient samples by culturing non-adherent, floating cells in stem cell conditions. Preliminary data show these cells have higher stem cell marker expression, are chemoresistant, and are more tumorigenic in nude mice compared to their adherent counterparts. Given that NF-kappaB expression correlates with a poor outcome in ovarian cancer, and NF-kappaB activity supports drug resistance and tumorigenicity, we hypothesize that NF-kappaB supports a TIC program responsible for ovarian cancer relapse. Preliminary data show TIC-enriched culture conditions increased NF-kappaB expression and activity in TICs and stimulation of NF-kappaB signaling enhanced chemoresistance and stem cell marker expression. Current studies focus on dissecting the role of individual NF-kappaB proteins in TICs using inducible shRNAs to measure changes in spheroid formation, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, and disease relapse following chemotherapy in a xenograft model. Future studies will measure system level changes induced by these shRNAs, and identify a gene signature specific to NF-kappaB in ovarian TICs. Clarifying the nuances of NF-kappaB signaling in TICs will increase our understanding of ovarian cancer recurrence and may lead to improved therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Carrie D. House, Christina M. Annunziata. Dissecting the role of NF-kappaB signaling in ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A72.
Open Reduction vs Distal Femoral Replacement Arthroplasty for Comminuted Distal Femur Fractures in the Patients 70 Years and Older.

Abstract Background The ideal management of distal femur fractures in the elderly is unclear. Acute arthroplasty has the theoretical advantage of earlier mobilization. We examined the outcomes of patients 70 years and older who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) vs distal femoral replacement (DFR) for comminuted, intra-articular distal femur fractures. Methods A retrospective review of patients with AO/OTA classification 33C distal femur fractures treated with either ORIF or DFR was performed. Outcomes including all-cause reoperation, length of stay, fracture union, postoperative complications, use of ambulatory device and living situation at 1 year, and mortality were evaluated. Results The study cohort included 38 patients: 10 underwent DFR and 28 ORIF. Mean patient age for both cohorts was 82 years. No difference in comorbidities or mechanism of injury was found between groups. The incidence of reoperation was 11% in the ORIF group and 10% in the DFR group. In the ORIF group, the average time to fracture union was 24 weeks, with a nonunion incidence of 18%. Twenty-three percent of ORIF group were wheelchair dependent vs none in the DFR cohort, although not statistically significant. Differences between the groups with respect to all-cause reoperation, living situation or need for ambulatory device at 1 year, and 1-year mortality did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Nearly 1 in 5 patients older than 70 years developed a nonunion after ORIF of an intra-articular distal femur fracture. At 1-year follow-up, all patients in DFR group were ambulatory while 1 in 4 in the ORIF group were wheelchair bound.
The Relevance of the American Society for Testing and Materials to the Advanced Materials Field Worldwide

(1998). The Relevance of the American Society for Testing and Materials to the Advanced Materials Field Worldwide. Materials Technology: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 127-128.
Scheduling multiple sensors using particle filters in target tracking

A critical component of a multi-sensor system is sensor scheduling to optimize system performance under constraints (e.g. power, bandwidth, and computation). In this paper, we apply particle filter sequential Monte Carlo methods to implement multiple sensor scheduling for target tracking. Under the constraint that only one sensor can be used at each time step, we select a sequence of sensor uses to minimize the predicted mean-square error in the target state estimate; the predicted mean-square error is approximated using the particle filter in conjunction with an extended Kaiman filter approximation. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate the improved performance of our scheduling approach over the non-scheduling case.
Lattice distortion and stripelike antiferromagnetic order in Ca 10 ( Pt 3 As 8 )( Fe 2 As 2 ) 5

Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 is the parent compound for a class of Fe-based high-temperature superconductors where superconductivity with transition temperatures up to 30 K can be introduced by partial element substitution. We present a combined high-resolution high-energy x-ray diffraction and elastic neutron scattering study on a Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 single crystal. This study reveals the microscopic nature of two distinct and continuous phase transitions to be very similar to other Fe-based high-temperature superconductors: an orthorhombic distortion of the high-temperature tetragonal Fe-As lattice below TS=110(2) K followed by stripelike antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe moments below TN=96(2) K. These findings demonstrate that major features of the Fe-based high-temperature superconductors are very robust against variations in chemical constitution as well as structural imperfection of the layers separating the Fe-As layers from each other and confirms that the Fe-As layers primarily determine the physics in this class of material.
Dollars and stents: A brave new world.

Key Points Reimbursement in the healthcare system is shifting from pure volume to a mixed volume/value-based metric. Using complex statistical modeling to adjust for unknowns, the study provides real world data that the use of Co-Cr EES is more cost effective than BMS assuming that clinicians select clopidogrel for P2Y12 inhibition. More cost-effectiveness analyses should be conducted to guide the use of ever costlier novel medical devices and drugs.
Actor Networks, Social Selves, and Expressive Possession

Late medieval legislation to try to control what clothes were purchased and worn according to social group is at the tantalising heart of a puzzling web of self, society, and stuff: things, inflect...
Conductance Spectroscopy of Exfoliated Thin Flakes of NbxBi2Se3

We study unconventional superconductivity in exfoliated single crystals of a promising three-dimensional (3D) topological superconductor candidate, Nb-doped Bi2Se3 through differential conductance spectroscopy and magneto-transport. The strong anisotropy of the critical field along the out-of-plane direction suggests that the thin exfoliated flakes are in the quasi-2D limit. Normal metal-superconductor (NS) contacts with either high or low transparencies made by depositing gold leads onto Nb-doped Bi2Se3 flakes both show significant enhancement in zero bias conductance and coherence dips at the superconducting energy gap. Such behavior is inconsistent with conventional Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk theory. Instead, we discuss how our results are consistent with p-wave pairing symmetry, supporting the possibility of topological superconductivity in Nb-doped Bi2Se3. Finally, we observe signatures of multiple superconducting energy gaps, which could originate from multiple Fermi surfaces reported earlier in bulk ...
IMPROVEMENT IN LARGE DENSITY HDL PARTICLE NUMBER BY NMR IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT IN VASCULAR INFLAMMATION BY 18-FDG PET/CT AT ONE-YEAR IN PSORIASIS

Psoriasis (PSO), a chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysfunctional lipoprotein profile and increased vascular inflammation (VI) by 18-FDG PET/CT, provides a reliable human model to study the effect of lipoprotein modulation on progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Large
The impact of maternal body mass index on external cephalic version success.

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and success of ECV. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of singleton live births in the USA from 2010 to 2014 using birth certificate data. Patients were assigned a BMI category according to standard WHO classification. Comparisons of success of ECV between the BMI categories were made using chi-square analysis with normal BMI as the reference group. Cochran-Armitage test was performed to look for a trend of decreasing success of ECV as BMI increased. The odds for successful ECV were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for possible confounders. Results A total of 51,002 patients with documented ECV were available for analysis. There was a decreased success rate for ECV as BMI increased (p Conclusions Morbidly obese women have decreased success rate of ECV as BMI increases and decreased vaginal delivery rates after successful ECV.
Predicting pork loin intramuscular fat using computer vision system.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of computer vision system to predict pork intramuscular fat percentage (IMF%). Center-cut loin samples (n = 85) were trimmed of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue. Images were acquired and pixels were segregated to estimate image IMF% and 18 image color features for each image. Subjective IMF% was determined by a trained grader. Ether extract IMF% was calculated using ether extract method. Image color features and image IMF% were used as predictors for stepwise regression and support vector machine models. Results showed that subjective IMF% had a correlation of 0.81 with ether extract IMF% while the image IMF% had a 0.66 correlation with ether extract IMF%. Accuracy rates for regression models were 0.63 for stepwise and 0.75 for support vector machine. Although subjective IMF% has shown to have better prediction, results from computer vision system demonstrates the potential of being used as a tool in predicting pork IMF% in the future.
Contesting Hegemony: Re-Imagining Masculinities for Early Childhood Education.

The purpose of this investigation is to deepen understanding of the clandestine professional lives of men who care for young children, exploring the pressure to hide parts of themselves experienced...
Coordinate regulation of 11 beta-HSD and Ke 6 genes in cpk mouse: implications for steroid metabolic defect in PKD.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by multiple renal cysts, which ultimately result in renal failure. We have reported the identification of a new gene, Ke 6, within the major histocompatibility complex, which is downregulated in two different mouse models of heritable PKD (N. Aziz, M. Maxwell, B. St.-Jacques, and B.M. Brenner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 1847-1853, 1993). The Ke 6 gene gives rise to two transcripts, Ke 6a and Ke 6b. Ke 6a protein has significant homology to several mammalian and bacterial steroid dehydrogenases. The homology of Ke 6a protein to specific functional domains of the human and rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (11 beta-HSD), which inactivates glucocorticoids, is substantial. We report here that the Ke 6 gene and the 11 beta-HSD gene are regulated in the same aberrant pattern in the cpk mouse. The strong evidence for a critical role of steroids in cystogenesis leads us to propose that a possible elevation of intrahepatic and intrarenal steroid levels occurs in the cpk mouse as a result of repression of steroid metabolic enzymes, which ultimately leads to development of cysts.
9 – Managing Pitfalls in Toxicologic Pathology

The practice of toxicologic pathology includes a number of areas that require the utmost diligence to avoid time-consuming, costly, or simply embarrassing “errors” in study design, data collection, or data reporting. The majority of these “errors"” can be avoided by appropriate planning and attention to detail at certain crucial points in the conduct of toxicology studies. The chapter discusses some of the major areas of concern and potential solutions to avoid pitfalls of toxicologic pathology. The following are the major areas of concern in toxicological studies as discussed in the chapter: study design, necropsy, histology, computer systems, and peer reviews. Several tissues require special knowledge and techniques in the histology laboratory to ensure that maximum information is when the tissues are examined microscopically. These include the larynx, the nose, the thyroids, and the urinary bladder. A number of problems may arise during data entry following morphologic interpretation and severity grading of lesions.