cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual variation in childbirth pain

The study explored the impact of 6 predictor variables on pain experienced by 50 women during early, active, transitional, and second stage labor. Childbirth preparation, parity, state anxiety, confidence in ability to cope with labor, concern regarding the outcome of labor for self and baby, and fear of pain were the predictor variables. Confidence in ability to cope with labor, state anxiety, and fear of pain explained a substantial amount of the variance in early and active labor pain reported by the women, but not transitional or second stage pain. Childbirth preparation and parity explained a significant but small amount of the variance in second stage labor pain.
Fast reactor burnup and breeding calculation methodology

Abstract The computational analysis of the nuclear fuel cycle is reviewed with emphasis on conversion and breeding, especially in fast reactors. The largest part of the paper presents a review of a recently developed methodology for the description of breeding, conversion, long-term fuel logistics, and related subjects. This methodology is derived from the detailed mathematical description of the fuel cycle, presented in Part 1. Special results are calculated from the detailed computational method and are presented in such a way that they directly suggest the kind of methodology for the description of breeding reviewed in Part 2. The key ideas that made this development possible are the following: The ‘accumulating fuel’ concept in a ‘reactor-fuel strain’ comprises the fuel in an originally started reactor or fuel batch and all the excess bred material, including the fuel bred by this excess, in other reactors of the same type, etc. Actual fuel logistics are then described by the fuel multiplication in a strain, acting as a kernel, and by strain-introduction dates or rates. The mathematical simplicity of the time dependency of the fuel in a strain, m(t), readily allows the introduction of concepts such as transitory and asymptotic growth rates, breeding bonus, and delay times. The simplicity of the mathematics itself is exhibited by the fact that asymptotic growth-rate and fuel composition are just the solution of the characteristic equations of the differential equations describing the accumulation of the fuel in a strain. The characteristic equations have the form of an eigenvalue problem. The corresponding adjoint problem yields the ‘isotopic breeding worth’, that play in the fuel cycle area the same role as the reactivity worths in neutronics and safety analysis. The methodology can be directly extended to symbiotic and negative growth-rate systems. From the growth rate as primary concept, the doubling time and the breeding and conversion ratios are readily deduced.
Exact solutions to the transportation problem on the line

Given distributions ;w of production and v of consumption on the line, the Monge–Kantorovich problem is to decide which producer should supply each consumer in order to minimize the total transportation costs. Here cost will be assumed to be a strictly concave function of the distance, which translates into an economy of scale for longer trips and may encourage cross–hauling. The resulting solutions display a hierarchical structure that reflects a striking separation into local and global scales also found in the real world. Moreover, this structure can be exploited to reduce the infinite–dimensional linear problem to a convex minimization in m variables, where 2 m + 2 counts the number of times that ;w – v changes sign. A combinatorial algorithm is then derived which yields exact solutions by optimizing a certain finite sequence of convex, separable network flows.
On the relationship between coefficient alpha and composite reliability

Cronbach's coefficient alpha is the most widely used estimator of the reliability of tests and scales. However, it has been criticized as being a lower bound and hence underestimating true reliability. A popular alternative to coefficient alpha is composite reliability, which is usually calculated in conjunction with structural equation modeling. A quantitative analysis of 2,524 pairs of coefficient alpha and composite reliability values derived from empirical investigations revealed that although the average composite reliability value (.86) exceeded the average corresponding coefficient alpha value (.84), the difference was relatively inconsequential for practical applications such as meta-analysis.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using HPPH for the treatment of precancerous lesions associated with Barrett's esophagus.

Background and Objectives Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porfimer sodium, FDA approved to treat premalignant lesions in Barrett’s esophagus, causes photosensitivity for 6-8 weeks. HPPH (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a) shows minimal photosensitization of short duration and promising efficacy in preclinical studies. Here we explore toxicity and optimal drug and light dose with endoscopic HPPH-PDT. We also want to know the efficacy of one time treatment with HPPH-PDT.
Separator Reconnection at the Magnetopause for Predominantly Northward and Southward IMF: Techniques and Results

In this work, we demonstrate how to track magnetic separators in three-dimensional simulated magnetic fields with or without magnetic nulls, apply these techniques to enhance our understanding of reconnection at the magnetopause. We present three methods for locating magnetic separators and apply them to 3-D resistive MHD simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere using the Block-Adaptive-Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme code. The techniques for finding separators and determining the reconnection rate are insensitive to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle and can in principle be applied to any magnetospheric model. Moreover, the techniques have a number of advantages over prior separator finding techniques applied to the magnetosphere. The present work examines cases of high and low resistivity for two clock angles. We go beyond previous work examine the separator during Flux Transfer Events (FTEs). Our analysis of reconnection on the magnetopause yields a number of interesting conclusions: Reconnection occurs all along the separator even during predominately northward IMF cases. Multiple separators form in low-resistivity conditions, and in the region of an FTE the separator splits into distinct branches. Moreover, the local contribution to the reconnection rate, as determined by the local parallel electric field, drops in the vicinity of the FTE with respect to the value when there are none.
Effect of the Transient Nature of Flow on Annular Parachute Drag Prediction

The aerodynamics of parachute systems are highly unsteady, resulting from separated ∞ows, vortex shedding, etc., caused by complex interactions between a ∞exible canopy and its payload. However, when dynamically permitted, the ∞owflelds and resulting surface forces have often been approximated using the assumptions and characteristics of rigid bodies and steady-state simulations. For example, results from steady-state simulations have been used successfully to assist the determination of parachute loading and trajectory. They have even been used in the estimation of peak drag and canopy fllling times sustained by in∞ating parachutes. This paper compares ∞ow characteristics and canopy drag obtained from solving the steady-state equations with those calculated with the unsteady equations, using a Reynolds Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes ∞ow solver on a rigid concentric annular parachute geometry comprised of two concentric fabric rings. The rings have unequal diameters and are vertically ofiset. Under load, the in∞ated rings not only yield a canopy that is highly porous but one that is characterized by high drag, a result of the cambered proflle formed by the billowing of the rings. The simulations have been performed at two Reynolds numbers of 8:03 ¢ 10 6 and 10:04 ¢ 10 6 . In particular, drag forces and wake characteristics observed in the steady simulations are compared to the unsteady simulations in order to judge the ability of the steady-state equations to capture the behavior noted in the transient cases. Results also include velocity, vorticity, and turbulence contours to help clarify the ∞ow physics resulting from steady and unsteady simulations.
Effects of Acute Caffeine Administration on Adolescents

Acute caffeine administration has physiological, behavioral, and subjective effects. Despite its widespread use, few studies have described the impact of caffeine consumption in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine administration in adolescents. We measured cardiovascular responses and snack food intake after acute administration of 0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg of caffeine. We also compared usual food intake and subjective effects of caffeine between high- and low-caffeine consumers. Finally, we conducted a detailed analysis of caffeine sources and consumption levels. We found main effects of caffeine dose on heart rate (HR) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with HR decreasing and DBP increasing with increasing caffeine dose. There were significant interactions among gender, caffeine use, and time on DBP. High caffeine consumers (50 mg/day) reported using caffeine to stay awake and drinking coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks more than low consumers (50 mg/day). Boys were more likely than girls to report using getting a rush, more energy, or improved athletic performance from caffeine. Finally, when we examined energy and macronutrient intake, we found that caffeine consumption was positively associated with laboratory energy intake, specifically from high-sugar, low-fat foods and also positively associated with protein and fat consumption outside of the laboratory. When taken together, these data suggest that acute caffeine administration has a broad range of effects in adolescents and that the magnitude of these effects is moderated by gender and chronic caffeine consumption.
Technologies for 3G wireless communications

Discusses and compares three prominent contenders for 3G wireless communication. These are: OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), CDMA (code division multiple access) and MC-CDMA (multi-carrier CDMA) - a hybrid of the first two. OFDM has gained increasing acceptance as an alternative to single-carrier modulation for wireless systems. Potential exists for very high bit rates and for reaching the channel capacity even over frequency-selective fading channels. CDMA is the technique being most seriously considered for 3G wireless systems. It uses PN (pseudonoise) sequences to spread the signal spectrum to a wide band, thereby achieving greater robustness to deep fades than a narrowband signal, and the capability for multi-user access. The third technique, MC-CDMA, uses a combination of OFDM and CDMA, and has certain advantages that are pointed out. Finally, this paper touches upon an application, namely wireless video.
Does It MEK a Difference? Understanding Immune Effects of Targeted Therapy

BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment enhances antitumor immunity, but is associated with increased intratumoral PD-L1 expression. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) may alter T-cell function; however, recent studies demonstrate preserved T-cell infiltrate during treatment with BRAFi/MEKi. These data have important implications for combining BRAFi/MEKi and checkpoint blockade in the treatment of melanoma.
Effect of dietary forage:grain ratio on blood constituents in dairy cows.

Abstract Forty-nine primiparous and 44 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used to study the effect of five dietary forage: grain ratios on blood constituents. Blood samples were collected in wk 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 of lactation and were analyzed for glucose, urea, β-hydroxybutyrate, and FFA. Increasing the percentage of forage in the diet decreased blood glucose concentration. Glucose levels were low at the beginning of lactation and increased as DMI increased. Increasing percentage of forage in the diet did not affect blood urea concentration. Increasing forage in the diet from 38.2 to 98.2% increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations threefold during the first 4 wk of lactation in both primiparous and multiparous cows. The concentration of plasma FFA was higher in all the treatments at the beginning of lactation and decreased as lactation advanced. Dietary forage:grain ratio did not affect plasma FFA.
Hyperoxia: good or bad for the injured brain?

Purpose of reviewFor decades it was assumed that cerebral ischemia was a major cause of secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury, and management focused on improving cerebral perfusion and blood flow. Following the observation of mitochondrial dysfunction in traumatic brain injury and the wi
Subitizing: magical numbers or mere superstition?

Summary. It is widely believed that humans are endowed with a specialized numerical process, called subitizing, which enables them to apprehend rapidly and accurately the numerosity of small sets of objects. A major part of the evidence for this process is a purported discontinuity in the mean response time (RT) versus numerosity curves at about 4 elements, when subjects enumerate up to 7 or more elements in a visual display. In this article, RT data collected in a speeded enumeration experiment are subjected to a variety of statistical analyses, including several tests on the RT distributions. None of these tests reveals a significant discontinuity as numerosity increases. The data do suggest a strong stochastic dominance in RT by display numerosity, indicating that the mental effort required to enumerate does increase with each additional element in the display, both within and beyond the putative subitizing range.
Quantifying sub-pixel signature of paddy rice field using an artificial neural network

Remote sensing (RS) can be used for regional and global scale monitoring of crop development, crop health, and cropping practices and also for water resources planning and designing. Lower spatial resolution, such as 1km MODIS imagery, for example, is useful for national, regional and global scale studies, but sub-pixel mixing of different landuses may occur. In the case of rice production, one pixel of such resolution may include land area with rice grown under different cropping practices such as one, two and three crops per year rice. A method was developed for quantifying sub-pixel landuses of individual rice types using an artificial neural network (ANN). Temporal patterns of normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) depend on and result from the complex relationship between NDVI and cropping practice parameters associated with a pixel. In the case of a rice field, these parameters consist of the area fractions of different types of rice and their emergence dates. An ANN was used as a model inverter to estimate these parameters. The data for this research were produced numerically using the soil-water-atmosphere-plant (SWAP) crop growth model. Crop area fractions within a pixel were predicted with an RMSE of 1.3% and an average estimated emergence date error of 4 days. A representative experiment conducted using a 2.4GHz Pentium processor based desktop computer took about 1.22@ms per pixel, which was substantially faster than the genetic algorithm based approach of Ines and Honda [Ines, A.V.M., Honda, K., 2005. On quantifying agricultural and water management practices from low spatial resolution RS data using genetic algorithms: a numerical study for mixed-pixel environment. Advances in Water Resources 28 (8), 856-870]. The ANN based approach was computationally very efficient and thus practical to apply to satellite imagery consisting of millions of pixels.
Improving results of hysteroscopic submucosal myomectomy for menorrhagia by concomitant endometrial ablation.

Abstract Study objective To evaluate the effect of endometrial ablation on the outcome of premenopausal patients undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy for menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia Design Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Private practice. Patients One hundred seventy-seven women with one or more submucosal myomas experiencing menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia. Intervention Hysteroscopic myomectomy without endometrial ablation in 104 patients and with concomitant endometrial ablation in 73 patients. Measurements and main results Bleeding was controlled in 95.9% of patients with endometrial ablation and in 80.8% of patients without endometrial ablation (p = .003). Complete removal of the myoma led to better results (p = .039), which were further improved by endometrial ablation (p = .022). Endometrial ablation improved bleeding in patients whose myomas could not be completely removed, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .23). Subsequent hysterectomies were not decreased by endometrial ablation (p = .48) or by complete removal of the myoma (p = .83). Hysterectomies for bleeding problems were decreased by endometrial ablation. Pain and dysmenorrhea were a frequent cause of hysterectomy. Conclusion Endometrial ablation at the time of hysteroscopic myomectomy improves results in the control of bleeding.
Retrieval of Multimedia Objects Using Color Segmentation and Dimension Reduction of Features

This paper describes an effective framework to perform image segmentation and find regions of interest (ROI) in a user input object in an interactive way. Similar image objects are then retrieved from a repository. The repository stores off-line trained feature data of image objects, which was obtained by applying feature extraction and dimension reduction analysis to the ROI. The advantage of our framework is that the task is divided into two independent modules that can be implemented individually. Objects are processed in the image domain and the feature domain respectively. The framework has been successfully applied to image databases and can be easily modified to accommodate video objects.
Why Help a Growing Scientific Giant

The pace of progress in Chinese science and technology, from high-speed rail to supercomputers, has been breathtaking. The Web of Science s Essential Science Indicators show China to be ranked at fourth place internationally, behind the United States, Japan, and Germany, in terms of the number of published papers in the peer-reviewed literature. The country comes in at eighth place in number of citations. Almost all of this has been fueled by central government funding which, in the basic sciences, has increased at an annual rate of over 20 percent per year for the last few years. It is a staggering rate of investment compared to other countries. Certainly, China is emerging as a scientific giant, and the rate of growth is the envy of many.
A systems approach to the promotion and implementation of medical translational research at the University of Virginia

The University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine is seeking ways to improve its system for conducting Translational Research (TR), in order to improve its proposal for a National Institute of Health (NIH) Clinical & Translational Science Award (CTSA), a grant designed to guide medical research institutions throughout the USA into transforming their approaches to conducting TR. To that end, the School requested that this systems analysis team provide an external, unbiased systemic perspective of translational research. This paper utilizes a systems approach to investigate, analyze, and decipher the problems that hinder a successful and sustainable TR environment. Beyond uncovering these problems, we applied systematic techniques in order to generate solutions that can be implemented within the UVA Health System. The analysis and methods herein will help to achieve the goal of improving patient care by increasing research efficacy and efficiency.
Equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction on diuretic renogram--should minimally invasive pyeloplasty be offered to symptomatic patients?

Purpose: Equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction refers to clinical symptoms and/or other radiological suggestions of possible ureteropelvic junction obstruction but with inconclusive results of obstruction on diuretic renogram. We evaluated long-term outcomes in patients with equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction treated with minimally invasive pyeloplasty.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 125 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive pyeloplasty as performed by a single surgeon from May 2004 to July 2013. Of 98 patients with followup those with more than 6-month followup were included in analysis. Equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction, defined as half-life less than 20 minutes on diuretic renogram, was identified in 23 patients. All patients underwent transperitoneal minimally invasive pyeloplasty. We evaluated patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative symptoms and renal function.Results: The 16 female and 7 male patients with equ...
Integrated optical device with second-harmonic generator, electrooptic lens, and electrooptic scanner in LiTaO/sub 3/

This paper reports the first demonstration of an integrated optical device in z-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ that contains the following three functional parts: a quasiphase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) grating, an electrooptic (EO) lens, and an electrooptic scanner. The SHG device consists of channel waveguides passing through periodic domain-inverted gratings. The frequency of the input infrared (IR) light at 864 nm was doubled into blue light at 432 nm. A stack of EO lenses was used to collimate the light from the channel waveguide. The measured beam size at the output facet for various applied voltages to the lenses agreed with simulation. After collimation, light passes through an EO scanner that controls the angle of the output beam. A scanning sensitivity of 17 mrad/kV was measured for the scanner, compared to the calculated value of 15 mrad/kV.
Joint Receptors in the Antennule of Panulirus Argus Latreille

1. A single elastic strand organ, presumably a chordotonal proprioceptor, occurs at each of the three distal joints of the antennule in Panulirus argus . These organs are essentially identical with those described at the joints of the pareiopods. 2. Movement at the second and third joints is along one dorso-ventral axis. Unidirectional movement and position receptors responding to flexion and extension occur at both joints. 3. Movement at the first joint is biaxial, either dorso-ventral or medio-lateral. Many unidirectional movement and position receptors are non-specific to axis, and respond to flexion along both axes or to extension along both axes. In addition, some completely specific position and movement receptors occur that respond to extension or to flexion only along one axis. No bi-directional axis-specific receptors were found. 4. Accessory strands act in conjunction with the main elastic strand during joint movement to produce differential stretch according to direction or axis of movement. It is suggested that such differential mechanical distortion is responsible for the part receptor specificity observed.
Management of unusual radioactive poisoning situations: How not to foul up a possibly lethal situation

1264 Learning Objectives Principles of containment and assessment where contamination may be present will be reviewed. Also we will review how to handle the media appropriately, so as to inform and not cause any panic. Society faces many threats from a variety of sources. These could be man made or not. The news media can scare the public with threats of "dirty" bombs, contaminated nuclear waste as in Goiana, Brazil and the previously reported British Polonium poisoning case, Radiologists and Nuclear Medicine Professionals need to know how to help assess and manage such situations. We may also have to bear responsibility in our communities to protect others, handle the press, and deal with law enforcement personnel. All are possibly involved in such circumstances. We must act quickly and assuredly to prevent possible panic. Because we have experienced several devastating Hurricanes over the past few years, physicians along the Gulf have been forced to learn and be skillful in disaster situations, though not necessarily in cases of this type of acuity. The various first responders in any "nuclear" related event will face enormous challenges. As Imagers and Therapy Professionals we must be professional, helpful, and organized in our approach to any unusual or potentially dangerous situation. If Radiologists and Nuclear Medicine Professionals in the community do not provide such assistance, who will? Due to the nature of such threats, specific planning may not help except to provide the general framework of what must be addressed. Speedy action will likely be required.
Bonding Silicon Devices on Diamond Heat Spreaders

We have developed diamond heat spreaders and bonding technology to silicon device structure. Diamond films were grown on molybdenum and Si substrates using hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Tin or gold-tin solders were used for bonding. Bonding of silicon on diamond was carried out at 20 Torr with hydrogen ambient and a temperature between 300 to 400°C for half hour. The diamond films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Interfaces between silicon and diamond films Were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Pull-tests were used to determine the strength of the bonding between the silicon substrate and the diamond film. Bonding is improved with special metallization procedure using Ti and Cu films on the silicon substrate and Ti and Au or Cu films on the diamond film. Mechanisms of improvement of bonding due to metallization layers are discussed.
Potentiation of diethylstilbestrol induced aortic ruptures of turkeys with thiouracil.

SummaryThirty-seven percent of turkeys fed DES died from aortic ruptures, while 69% of poults fed DES and thiouracil died from the disease. Total plasma lipid and cholesterol values were elevated by both treatments, but more so by DES alone. Turkeys fed DES or DES-thiouracil were hypotensive, but systolic blood pressure was lowest in turkeys fed the 2 combined drugs. There was pronounced hypertrophy of the thyroid gland of turkeys fed DES-thiouracil or thiouracil, and mild hypertrophy of the gland of poults fed DES. Body weights were depressed and the diameter of the lumen and thickness of the wall of abdominal aortas appeared to be reduced by DES-thiouracil feeding, as compared to feeding of DES alone.The technical assistance of J. W. Carlisle, C. J. Miller, and L. Mallard is acknowledged.
Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and TSH levels in iodine-deficient and iodine-sufficient rats before and after exposure to cold.

AbstractThyroidectomized rats are unable to survive chronic exposure to cold. Severely iodine-deficient rats, on the other hand, despite very low levels of serum T4 (<0.5 μg/100 ml), may or may not display cold intolerance. Many of these animals (25-50%) are able to maintain their body temperatures and to survive exposure to 4°. We had previously shown that serum T3 levels are relatively well maintained in severely iodine-deficient rats, and in the present investigation we sought to determine whether survival of iodine-deficient rats in the cold could be correlated with serum T3 levels, either initially or in response to the cold exposure. In two separate experiments we observed no correlation between initial serum T3 levels and survival in the cold. The cold-sensitive rats showed slightly lower serum T3 levels than the cold-resistant rats after cold exposure, but the difference was not statistically significant. Our data favor the view that thyroid hormone plays only a permissive role in the increased th...
Group Work Camp as Nondeliberative Process

ABSTRACTThe article seeks to identify examples of several features of nondeliberative practice within the process of Group Work Camp, an experiential training program. Camp provides an alternative environment for learning, in which novice group workers can effectively deal with their anxiety about facilitating groups. Examples of specific features of nondeliberative process are identified, including “worker of the self” nondeliberative and deliberative process working in tandem, problem solving without awareness of a problem, casting the problem in manageable form, transforming nondeliberative experience into analog, shifting from artful to actional to analogic forms, and worker role.
Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight PDMDAAC Clay Stabilizer

PDMDAAC was synthesized at the low temperature and low concentration, with water as solvent, oxidation reduction system as initiator and sodium formate as chain-transfer agent. Its molecular weight was about 1 000~6 000. The factors such as monomer's concentration, polymerizating temperature, initiator's dosage, reducing agent's dosage, chain-transfer agent's dosage influencing on the intrinsic viscosity and monomer conversion of PDMDAAC were investigated via single factor method. Swelling prevention ratios of PDMDAAC under different mass fractions were measured and compared with the combination of PDMDAAC and KCl. Swelling prevention ratio of mixture may achieve 96%.
Relationships of Serum Leptin,Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Insulin Resistance in Simple Obesity Children

Objective To explore the relationships of serum leptin(LP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and insulin resistance in simple obesity children.Methods Forty-seven children with simple obesity were divided into two groups: high insulin group(HIG) and normal insulin group(NIG) according to the levels of fasting state of serum insulin and glucose.The fasting state of serum insulin(FINS),LP,TNF-α and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were measured.The relationships of LP,TNF-α and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were also analyzed.Results 1.The BMI,waist,hip,waist hip ratio(WHR),LP,TNF-α,HOMA-IR were obviously higher in the HIG than those in the NIG and NCG groups(Pa0.05,0.01),but the insulin action index(HOMA-IAI) was lower than that in the NIG and NCG groups(P0.05,0.01).2.Compared with NCG group,the BMI,waist,hip,WHR,LP,HOMA-IR were higher in the NIG group(P0.05,0.01),the HOMA-IAI was lower(P0.05),the TNF-α,FBG were not very different(Pa0.05).3.In the HIG group,the FINS was positively correlated to LP,TNF-α and HOMA-IR(r=0.560,0.413,0.864 P0.01,0.05,0.01) and negatively correlated to HOMA-IAI(r=-0.823 P0.01),but was not correlated to FPG.The LP and TNF-α were positively correlated to HOMA-IR independently.Conclusions In simple obesity children the level of insulin is correlated to LP and TNF-α,the insulin resistance by LP and TNF-α is one of the reasons for the hyperinsulinism.
Analysis on the results of spines ball larva antibody inspection among population in Ningxia in 2012

Objective The study was aimed to master the levels of spines ball larva antibody among population in Ningxia, in order to provide key reference for the next step of prevention and control. Methods Using cluster random sampling methodology, 16 of 22counties(cities, districts) in Ningxia were randomly selected in 2012. People who were more than three years old and resided for over half an year were investigated, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methodology was used for determining the hydatid IgG antibody in serum. Results Seventy-one thousand nine hundred and fifty-two people were surveyed, 2 736 serum samples were positive, with a positive rate of 3.80%. There were four counties(area) with a positive rate of 5% or more such as Zhongning. There were 13 counties(city, area) with a positive rate between 1% and 5% such as Xiji. There were five counties(cities,area) with a positive rate of 1% or less such as Xingqing. For age group of 30 to 69 years old, positive rate was higher among female population than male population(P0.05), and the positive rate increased with the growth of age in the crowd(chi-square trend =9.92, P0.05). The infections were mainly among farmers, illiteracy, the Hui people and buddhist(P0.05). Conclusion The crowd spines ball larva infections were wide spread. The incidence was high among specific population in certain individual regions including Zongning, suggesting prevention and control work is still necessary and important.
The Analysis of Influence Factors of Primary Frequency Modulation Performance for Supercritical Thermal Power Units

This paper analyzes the main influencing factors for primary frequency modulation performance of supercritical thermal power units.The optimization methods are provided to improve the performance of primary frequency modulation.The test indicates that the primary frequency modulation function after optimization meets the frequency modulation requirement of power grid and safe steady operation requirement of units.
Ethical Analysis of Technology Control Dilemma——Ethical Approaches to Solving Collingridge's Dilemma

Collingridge's dilemma in technology control assumes three dimensions:power,knowledge and time,which is based on the premise of dualism of technology and society.The perspective of social constructism of technology provides a theoretical foundation for breaking the dualism of Collingridge's dilemma.The value implications and constructive characteristics of technology control imply that Collingridge's dilemma needs to be solved by introducing ethical factors in technological development.According to the different focuses and degrees of intervention,there are two approaches to ethical intervention:constructive technology assessment and moralizing technology design.In certain situations of ethical intervention,technology ethicists turn out to be active participants from deliberate thinkers,providing action frameworks and theoretical support for coordinating the value conflicts and materializing morality.
Financial incentives for ambulatory care performance improvement.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Measuring and improving the quality of care while curtailing costs are essential objectives in capitated care. As patient care moves from the hospital to outpatient settings, quality management resources must be shifted to ambulatory care process improvement. The Quality Improvement and Efficiency Financial Incentives Program at Stanford University Medical Center was adopted to increase quality improvement efforts and contain costs. The incentive program Each department's budget for care of capitated patients was reduced by 5% from the previous year. Return of a reserve fund (10% of payments for specialty care) required completion of substantive quality improvement projects and containing costs. Successful departments were also eligible for bonus funds. Implementation strategies included endorsement by clinical leaders, physician education, use of administrative data to identify project topics and support measurement of quality and cost variables, project templates and time lines, and the availability of clinical quality managers with special expertise in clinical process improvement. Results Eight of 13 clinical departments developed and implemented 19 ambulatory quality improvement projects to varying degrees. Success in the program was roughly correlated with the potential impact of the incentive on revenues and the status of the lead person selected by the department to spearhead their efforts. Only 5 departments achieved their cost containment goals. Discussion Financial incentives are one method of encouraging physicians to use clinical process improvement methods. Endorsement by clinical leaders and selection of realistic beginning projects enhance chances for success. The capitated population has attributes that make it an attractive focus for initial quality improvement efforts.
Isolation of transplantable erythroleukemia cells from mice infected with helper-independent Friend murine leukemia virus.

The Friend virus complex contains a helper-independent retrovirus, F- MuLV, and a replication-defective retrovirus, SFFV. Murine erythroleukemia cell lines (MEL) have been isolated previously from the leukemic tissues of mice infected with such stocks of Friend virus complex. Since our laboratory has shown that either F-MuLV or SFFV can induce a lethal erythroproliferative disease, it has been unclear which of the properties of conventional MEL cells were causally related to the infection of these cells by F-MuLV and which properties were related to the infection of these cells by SFFV. In this article, we have focused on the helper-independent component of the Friend virus complex, F-MuLV clone 57, which has recently been purified by molecular cloning. We report a method for the reproducible isolation of a new type of murine erythroleukemia cell that can be isolate from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57. We have designated these cells as 57 TP- 1, indicating their origin from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57 and their characteristics as transplantable erythroleukemia cells. Upon subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous inoculation of these cells, 57 TP-1 cells grow in the hematopoietic organs of the recipient mice. No subcutaneous or intraperitoneal nodules occur. Both F-MuLV and a Friend MCF virus can be detected in these cells, but no evidence to SFFV can be found.
Contrapuntal Memories? Remembering the Holocaust in a Post-9/11 World:

This essay traces the post-9/11 mapping of Holocaust memory throughout the United States as it converges with the U.S.-led war on terror and the memorialization of September 11th at the World Trade...
A chronic rhinosinusitis-derived isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces acute and pervasive effects on the murine upper airway microbiome and host immune response.

Background Diverse microbial communities colonize healthy sinus mucosa and specific species within these communities are capable of protecting the host from pathogenic infection. However, little is known of the dynamics of upper airway infection and the role of the sinus mucosal microbiome in short- and longer-term outcomes using clinical isolates from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods We examine microbiome and immune dynamics after murine sinus infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa EC1, isolated previously from a chronic rhinosinusitis patient. Microbiota profiling (16S rRNA sequencing), histologic, and immunologic analyses [interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and eotaxin-1 (CCL11) gene expression] were performed at 1, 7, and 10 days postinfection (D1PI, D7PI, and D10PI) in antimicrobial-treated and untreated animals. Results At D1PI, P. aeruginosa EC1 dominated the upper airway microbiome and was associated with a significant increase in sinus mucosa goblet cell hyperplasia, mucin hypersecretion (p < 0.001), and IFN-γ expression in antibiotic-treated and untreated animals, although the magnitude of pathogen enrichment was lower in the latter group. Mucin hypersecretion and IFN-γ expression subsided by 7D7PI in both groups of mice, coincident with a depletion of the infectious strain. However, other members of the Pseudomonadaceae family remained significantly enriched (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) in the microbiome at D7PI and D10PI and this perturbation was associated with induction of eotaxin-1 at these later time-points. Conclusion Murine intranasal P. aeruginosa EC1 infection causes a pervasive shift in the sinus microbiome that persists despite histologic resolution and is associated with a reproducible immunologic shift from an initial IFN-γ response to a temporal induction of eotaxin-1.
ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and Infection of Endothelial Cells by Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binding to the endothelial cell surface heparan sulfate is followed by sequential interactions with α3β1, αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins and Ephrin A2 receptor tyrosine kinase (EphA2R). These interactions activate host cell pre-existing FAK, Src, PI3-K and RhoGTPase signaling cascades, c-Cbl mediated ubiquitination of receptors, recruitment of CIB1, p130Cas and Crk adaptor molecules, and membrane bleb formation leading to lipid raft dependent macropinocytosis of KSHV into human microvascular dermal endothelial (HMVEC-d) cells. The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins, ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and-III, play a central role in clathrin-mediated internalized ubiquitinated receptor endosomal trafficking and sorting. ESCRT proteins have also been shown to play roles in viral egress. We have recently shown that ESCRT-0 component Hrs protein associates with the plasma membrane during macropinocytosis and mediates KSHV entry via ROCK1 mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 and local membrane pH change. Here, we demonstrate that the ESCRT-I complex Tsg101 protein also participates in the macropinocytosis of KSHV and plays a role in KSHV trafficking. Knockdown of Tsg101 did not affect virus entry in HMVEC-d and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells but significantly inhibited the KSHV genome entry into the nucleus and consequently viral gene expression in these cells. Double and triple immunofluorescence, proximity ligation immunofluorescence and co-immuoprecipitation studies revealed the association of Tsg101 with the KSHV containing macropinosomes, and increased levels of Tsg101 association/interactions with EphA2R, c-Cbl, p130Cas and Crk signal molecules, as well as with upstream and downstream ESCRT components such as Hrs (ESCRT-0), EAP45 (ESCRT-II), CHMP6 (ESCRT-III) and CHMP5 (ESCRT-III) in the KSHV infected cells. Tsg101 was also associated with early (Rab5) and late endosomal (Rab7) stages of KSHV intracellular trafficking, and CHMP5 (ESCRT-III) was also associated with Rab 5 and Rab 7. Knockdown of Tsg101 significantly inhibited the transition of virus from early to late endosomes. Collectively, our studies reveal that Tsg101 plays a role in the trafficking of macropinocytosed KSHV in the endothelial cells which is essential for the successful viral genome delivery into the nucleus, viral gene expression and infection. Thus, ESCRT molecules could serve as therapeutic targets to combat KSHV infection.
“Don’t Try to Kid Me, Man-Cub”: Re-Animaling Rhetoric in Theory and Practice

I wanted to know the name of every stone and flower and insect and bird and beast. I wanted to know where it got its color, where it got its life—but there was no one to tell me.—George Washington ...
Single-Trial EEG Analysis Predicts Memory Retrieval and Reveals Source-Dependent Differences

We used pattern classifiers to extract features related to recognition memory retrieval from the temporal information in single-trial electroencephalography (EEG) data during attempted memory retrieval. Two-class classification was conducted on correctly remembered trials with accurate context (or source) judgments vs. correctly rejected trials. The average accuracy for datasets recorded in a single session was 61% while the average accuracy for datasets recorded in two separate sessions was 56%. To further understand the basis of the classifier's performance, two other pattern classifiers were trained on different pairs of behavioral conditions. The first of these was designed to use information related to remembering the item and the second to use information related to remembering the contextual information (or source) about the item. Mollison and Curran (2012) had earlier shown that subjects' familiarity judgments contributed to improved memory of spatial contextual information but not of extrinsic associated color information. These behavioral results were similarly reflected in the event-related potential (ERP) known as the FN400 (an early frontal effect relating to familiarity) which revealed differences between correct and incorrect context memories in the spatial but not color conditions. In our analyses we show that a classifier designed to distinguish between correct and incorrect context memories, more strongly involves early activity (400-500 ms) over the frontal channels for the location distinctions, than for the extrinsic color associations. In contrast, the classifier designed to classify memory for the item (without memory for the context), had more frontal channel involvement for the color associated experiments than for the spatial experiments. Taken together these results argue that location may be bound more tightly with the item than an extrinsic color association. The multivariate classification approach also showed that trial-by-trial variation in EEG corresponding to these ERP components were predictive of subjects' behavioral responses. Additionally, the multivariate classification approach enabled analysis of error conditions that did not have sufficient trials for standard ERP analyses. These results suggested that false alarms were primarily attributable to item memory (as opposed to memory of associated context), as commonly predicted, but with little previous corroborating EEG evidence.
Defining the Research Agenda: Technology Management as a Contributor to Service Sciences, Management and Engineering

SUMMARY “Technology Management” is a dynamically evolving discipline that integrates the technology-dominated “world of the engineer” with management. The field is distinguishable from its neighbor disciplines through characteristic research questions, specialized periodicals, and more than 200 educational programs. Currently, the field changes its face and increasingly focuses on the service industry. It thus reflects the blurring boundaries between “services” and “goods” companies and the service sector’s growing dependency on (information) technology. This paper describes these changes and presents contributions of Technology Management to SSEM. Based on these findings and a survey of industry needs in the “silicon forest”, it outlines an agenda for education and research. Technology Management Defined Technology Management (TM), also referred to as “Engineering management” has been characterized as the link among “engineering, science and management disciplines to plan, develop and implement technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the strategic and operational objectives of an organization” [12]. It thus encompasses two sets of activities (see fig. 1): (1) activities related to the innovation process, leading to new technologies (research, product and process development and commercialization), and (2) the activities that define a company’s “strategic make up” – the strategic integration of its technology strategy (definition of the technologies to engage in, including timing and resource commitment), its business strategy (markets to serve, and needed resources and organizational structures), and its financial strategies. Modern technologies are usually developed in industry, but the underlying scientific research is predominantly performed in universities. TM therefore researches efficient means for transferring technology from the research into the development domain (see (1) in fig. 1) that range from the design of educational programs to the creation of strategic research alliances. Research Development Commercialization Technology Strategy Business Strategy Financial Strategy Strategic Integration Innovation Process 1
Advance Directives: Current Forms, Legal Fears, Moral Goals

There are two basic forms that advance directives may take. Commonly used names for these two forms are “instruction” directives and “proxy” directives: directives that give caregivers instructions about the patient’s choices, and directives that name a proxy to make choices on the patient’s behalf and convey them to caregivers (President’s Commission, 1982, pp. 156–166). Many directives combine these forms in various ways. In this chapter, we examine the characteristics of these two types of directives, and some of the statutory directives that display these characteristics, in order to familiarize caregivers with the many forms directives take and to assist them in interpreting and honoring directives in whatever forms they take.