cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Extracting Skeleton of Mechanism

The model of extracting a skeleton of mechanism is established from an existed three-dimensional CAD product model. Using assembly features, a recomposition of assembly information is carried out. At same time, geometric primitives are defined and classified. And according to the information, kinematic pairs are distinguished and matched. Using the given methods, a prototype system extracting and drawing a skeleton of mechanism is developed. Extracting a skeleton of mechanism from digital mockup has been realized primarily, which can deal with rotation pair, sliding pair, gear pair and multi-pair components consisting of these kinematic pairs. Finally, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of extracting a skeleton of mechanism by an application instances.
Reversible `fingerprint' cataract secondary to diabetes mellitus

Abstract Transient diabetic cataracts are generally located in the anterior and posterior subcapsular regions of the lens. The following case report describes a reversible diabetic cataract with a `fingerprint' like shape in the anterior adult nucleus. The etiology is unclear but may relate to protein modification and/or osmotic changes in the lens.
Elemental fingerprint profile of beer samples constructed using 14 elements determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): multivariation analysis and potential application to forensic sample comparison

Determination of elemental fingerprint profile of 40 commercial beer samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Fourteen trace elements, 51V, 52Cr, 59Co, 60Ni, 75As, 82Se, 95Mo, 111Cd, 115In, 121Sb, 133Cs, 208Pb, 209Bi, and 238U, were monitored. All 40 beer samples are distinguishable by using the proposed method. ROC analysis showed that individual beer samples can be correctly identified via the magnitude of its correlation coefficient with respect to the other beers with low false positive rate. The obtained results suggested that the elemental fingerprint technique is feasible for sample differentiation and comparison.
Performance characteristics of an automated wet deposition collector and possible effect on computed annual deposition

Abstract Performance characteristics of what is believed to be a typical automated wet deposition collector were examined. For properly functioning collectors, the primary characteristic affecting wet deposition collection efficiency was found to be precipitation rate. Low precipitation rates resulted in the early precipitation not being collected; often at very low, but typical, rates no precipitation was collected. This results in underreporting of both precipitation amounts (if raingage data are not used) and wet deposition, even if corrections to deposition are made using raingage data. This is true because the early precipitation contains the largest solute concentrations. A precipitation scavenging model was used to estimate the amount of wet deposition uncollected for a wide range of precipitation rates and amounts. Correction factors that could be applied to published data for semi-arid sites similar to those in Colorado were developed. The most probable, but conservative, estimate of corrected wet deposition was found to be: true wet deposition = 1.10 to 1.25 (measured wet deposition).
Prevalence of hematozoa in overwintering American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla): no evidence for local transmission.

We examined American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) for protozoan blood parasites on their wintering grounds to determine whether transmission of these parasites occurs prior to spring migration. A total of 73 blood smears from 37 birds were examined for presence and intensity of infection. Thirty-six birds were sampled in the fall, soon after arriving from northern breeding grounds, and the spring prior to departure. Two (5%) of the samples collected in the fall were positive for Haemoproteus fringillae and one (3%) had detectable infections of Trypanosoma avium. Individuals infected with H. fringillae were hatching year redstarts sampled in September and October. Intensity of infection was 78 and <1 infected erythrocytes per 10,000 erythrocytes, respectively. None of the birds had detectable infections when resampled prior to spring migration the following March.
Knowledge discovery and data mining in pharmaceutical cancer research

Biased and unbiased approaches to develop predictive biomarkers of response to drug treatment will be introduced and their utility demonstrated for cell cycle inhibitors. Opportunities to leverage the growing knowledge of tumors characterized by modern methods to measure DNA and RNA will be shown, including the use of appropriate preclinical models and selection of patients. Furthermore, techniques to identify mechanisms of resistance prior to clinical treatment will be discussed. Prospects for systematic data mining and current barriers to the application of precision medicine in cancer will be reviewed along with potential solutions.
Onset of psychopathology in offspring by developmental phase and parental depression.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the differential effects of parental major depression (MDD) on psychopathology of childhood, adolescent, and early-adult onset in offspring. Method One hundred eighty-two offspring from 91 families in which one or more parents or neither parent had MDD were followed for more than 10 years and blindly reassessed by means of a structured diagnostic instrument. Result Parental MDD is associated with increased risk in offspring of childhood-onset MDD (eightfold), anxiety disorder (threefold), conduct disorder (fivefold), and early-adult-onset MDD (fivefold) but not adolescent-onset MDD, where there is a marked increase in risk, particularly in girls, regardless of parental diagnosis. These findings were not explained by parental comorbidity, but the association with MDD was explained by parental age at onset of MDD—there was a 13-fold increase in childhood-onset MDD and a 7-fold increase in adult-onset MDD in offspring of parents with MDD of early (before age 30 years) onset. Conclusion Childhood- and early-adult-onset MDD may be etiologically homogeneous and familial subtypes. The reason for the high incidence of adolescent-onset MDD, particularly in girls, regardless of parental diagnosis, needs to be determined. The childhood offspring of depressed parents are a potential target for evaluation, especially when the parent had an early-onset depression.
The Hyperfine Structure of Hydrogen and Deuterium

The hyperfine structure separations, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{H}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{D}}$, of the ground states of hydrogen and deuterium have been measured by the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. In both cases the determination depends essentially on a measurement with high precision of the frequency of a very nearly field independent line at weak fields and the measurement with reduced precision of the frequencies of one or more field dependent lines. The design of the apparatus and the conditions under which the experiment was performed were such as to permit the accumulation of a large body of significant data and the determination of precise values for the hfs separations by statistical analysis of the data. We find ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{H}}=(1420.4051\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6} invsec, {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{D}}=(327.38424\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00008)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6} invsec.$From these results and the very accurately known ratio of the proton and deuteron magnetic moments, we find $\ensuremath{\Delta}=(1.703\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4},$ where ${(\frac{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{H}}}{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{D}}})}_{\mathrm{exp}}=(\frac{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{H}}}{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{D}}})[1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}] \mathrm{and} (\frac{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{H}}}{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{D}}})$ is calculated from the ratio of the magnetic moments of the proton and deuteron under the assumption that these particles are point dipoles which interact with the electronic magnetic field.
A Two-Domain, 3D, Fully Coupled Fluid-Flow/Geomechanical Simulation Model for Reservoirs With Stress-Sensitive Mechanical and Fluid-Flow Properties

A 3D finite-difference, fully implicit model has been developed to represent the physical phenomena occurring during the production from reservoirs with stress-sensitive mechanical and fluid-flow properties. The model considers two different physical domains: (i) an inner domain representing the reservoir, where fluid-flow and rock deformation occur, and (ii) an outer (surrounding) domain representing the extended stress-disturbed region caused by reservoir depletion. The inclusion of the surrounding domain leads to realistic modeling of the actual geomechanical boundary conditions taking place in the subsurface. The reservoir is treated as a multiphase poroelastic system consisting of a deforming solid skeleton and a moving compressible pore fluid. Non-linear elastic deformation is assumed for both domains. The governing equations describing the deformation of the surrounding domain, the deformation of the reservoir solid skeleton and the motion of the pore fluid are fulty coupled. Simulation results clearly show that the permeability of stress-sensitive reservoirs may significantly change through the reservoir producing life. Different reservoir conditions yield different degrees of permeability reduction. In general, permeability decreases as production time increases. Zero-displacement boundary conditions yield less permeability reduction than constant stress boundary conditions. The permeability reduction decreases as the rock elastic moduli of the outer domain increase. The arch effect has a strong influence on reservoir permeability behavior.
Evolution and diversity of the complement system of poikilothermic vertebrates

In mammals the complement system plays an important role in innate and acquired host defense mechanisms against infection and in various immunoregulatory processes. The complement system is an ancient defense mechanism that is already present in the invertebrate deuterostomes. In these species as well as in agnathans (the most primitive vertebrate species), both the alternative and lectin pathway of complement activation are already present, and the complement system appears to be involved mainly in opsonization of foreign material. With the emergence of immunoglobulins in cartilaginous fish, the classical and lytic pathways first appear. The rest of the poikilothermic species, from teleosts to reptilians, appear to contain a well-developed complement system resembling that of homeothermic vertebrates. However, important differences remain. Unlike homeotherms, several species of poikilotherms have recently been shown to possess multiple forms of complement components (C3 and factor B) that are structurally and functionally more diverse than those of higher vertebrates. It is noteworthy that the multiple forms of C3 that have been characterized in several teleost fish are able to bind with varying efficiencies to various complement-activating surfaces. We hypothesize that this diversity has allowed these animals to expand their innate capacity for immune recognition.
Identification of a region of FtsA required for interaction with FtsZ

The assembly of the Z ring is the earliest step in bacterial cell division. In Escherichia coli this assembly requires either FtsA or ZipA which bind to a conserved, C-terminal 17 amino acid motif in FtsZ and to the membrane. The FtsZ-ZipA interaction is well characterized; however, nothing is known about the region of FtsA involved in the interaction with FtsZ even though the FtsA-FtsZ interaction is nearly ubiquitous in Eubacteria. FtsA is proposed to bind to the membrane through its conserved C-terminal amphiphatic helix before efficiently interacting with FtsZ. Based upon this model we designed a genetic screen to identify mutants specifically impaired for the FtsA-FtsZ interaction. The mutants obtained retain the ability to be targeted to the membrane but fail to be recruited to the Z ring or interact with FtsZ in the yeast two-hybrid system. These mutants do not complement an ftsA-depletion strain. Through this approach we have identified a region of FtsA containing some invariant residues which is required for binding to FtsZ. The results support our model that FtsA is targeted to the membrane before it interacts with FtsZ and demonstrates that this interaction plays an essential role in E. coli cell division.
Zero-field current-voltage characteristics in high-Tc superconductors

Zero-field current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of various high-temperature superconductor samples are analyzed in the context of the current-temperature (I−T) phase diagram. After establishing the validity and relevance of the phase diagram to these materials, the anisotropy factor is extracted from the slope ofI 1 (T) (the current defined by the onset of resistance). It is concluded that studying theI−V characteristics of amples in the context of theI−T phase diagram is a simple, useful tool for comparing samples.
Unexpected Mercy: Echoes of a Biblical Motif in Romans 9–11

Of the many problems which trouble interpreters of Romans 9–11, none rises more massively from its pages or casts a more impenetrable shadow than the relationship between Paul's argument in 9:6–13 and his argument in 11:25–31. The issue in both passages is whether God's biblical promises to save Israel have failed (9:6, 11:29), exposing the God of Paul's gospel as untruthful (15:8) and unrighteous (3:5, 10:3). In 9:6–13 Paul denies the charge by defining Israel on the basis of God's choice rather than on the basis of national affiliation. In 11:25–32, however, he denies the charge by pointing forward to a time in which God will fulfill his promises and secure the salvation of all Israel. The problem is that these two defenses of God's faithfulness seem to contradict one another, and the defense in chapter eleven seems not only to contradict the one in chapter nine but to oppose Paul's frequent and emphatic denial in several letters, and especially in Romans, that national Israel has any soteriological advantage over the Gentiles.
Novel nanotesla magnetic field sensors for an early warning system for earthquakes

It i1s well known that low-frequency (0.01–10 Hz), 10–100 nanotesla (nT) magnetic fluctuations occur hours or days before an earthquake. This article reports the development of ultrasensitive, low-cost, room-temperature, magnetic sensors that may enable the deployment of such sensors and sensor networks for recording these magnetic precursors to earthquakes. The sensors are based on magnetoelectric (ME) composites that produce a voltage response to the magnetic field fluctuations. The composites have two components: a ferromagnetic layer that responds to the magnetic field by producing a mechanical strain and a piezoelectric layer that converts the mechanical strain to a voltage. Several ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composites were prepared and characterized, and we found the best response in terms of low noise and sensitivity from sensors constructed of Metglas lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The data indicate that the samples can measure 0.1 nT at 0.1–10 Hz, a sensitivity ideal for the detection of 10–100 nT field fluctuations that precede an earthquake. Suggested follow-up efforts include a large-scale deployment of the sensors and sensor networks in earthquake-prone regions for field tests and ultimately the development of a sensor-based early warning system.
State-selective single-electron capture by Ar4+ and Ar5+ ions from N2, O2 and CF4 molecules

Abstract Single-electron capture processes in collisions of Arq+ ions with N2, O2 and CF4 have been studied experimentally at laboratory impact energies of 50 qeV (q = 4 and 5, where q is the projectile charge state) and scattering angles between 0° and 6° by means of a translational energy-gain spectroscopy technique. The translational energy-gain spectra show that the dominant reaction channels are due to non-dissociative single-electron capture into excited states of the projectile product Ar(q−1)+. However, at large scattering angles, other channels due to transfer excitation processes start to contribute significantly. The spectra are interpreted qualitatively in terms of the reaction windows, which are calculated using the Landau–Zener model and the extended version of the classical over-the-barrier model.
Awakening to an Awe-Based Psychology

This article is adapted from my opening keynote address to the First International Existential Psychology Conference in Nanjing, China on April 2nd, 2010. The article begins with an overview of the history and current trends within Western (and to some extent Eastern) existential psychology. Existential–integrative psychology and the spiritual dimension of awe are proposed as two contemporary edges of those trends. Although existential–integrative psychology emphasizes cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary openness, the dimension of awe stresses the puzzled apprehension and appreciative wonder of that openness. In the second part of the article, this awe-based and integrative approach is compared and contrasted with time-honored Eastern approaches. It is proposed that although the Eastern approaches appear to emphasize the harmony (or acceptance) of being, and the Western approaches stress the mystery (or adventure) of being, the joining of worldviews holds a remarkable opportunity for a synthesis.
Antidumping and Industrial Organization

Although antidumping duties are instruments of trade policy, they are motivated by and have potentially significant impacts on domestic industry interests. The articles in this special issue provide evidence on the effects of antidumping on domestic firms and import patterns; in particular, they stress that these effects are not likely to be uniform across all producers within an industry, and will often depend on how domestic interests respond.
Does Brief In-Service Training Help Teachers Increase Turn-Taking Talk and Socratic Questions With Low-Income Preschoolers?

This study examined effects of 1-session training to increase 2 targeted teacher language behaviors: use of Socratic (open-ended) questions and length of turn-taking conversations with low-income preschoolers. Teachers, matched in 21 pairs for education, age, and training in early childhood education, were assigned to E (experimental) or C (contrast) group. Classroom observations of language interactions were taped (via a microcassette recorder hung around each teacher's neck) in pretest observations. Then, in small groups, E teachers attended a 2.5-hr intensive and interactive language enhancement workshop. Classroom observations were taped 2 weeks later. At that time, after their training session, E teachers' turn-taking conversation lengths were significantly longer than C teachers, F(1, 40) = 7.22, p = < .01. When the E and C teachers were observed in the classroom 3 months later, E and C teachers did not differ in either of the targeted language interaction techniques. Changing teacher language inter...
GNIP, a Novel Protein That Binds and Activates Glycogenin, the Self-glucosylating Initiator of Glycogen Biosynthesis

Abstract Glycogenin is a self-glucosylating protein involved in the initiation of glycogen biosynthesis. Self-glucosylation leads to the formation of an oligosaccharide chain, which, when long enough, supports the action of glycogen synthase to elongate it and form a mature glycogen molecule. To identify possible regulators of glycogenin, the yeast two-hybrid strategy was employed. By using rabbit skeletal muscle glycogenin as a bait, cDNAs encoding three different proteins were isolated from the human skeletal muscle cDNA library. Two of the cDNAs encoded glycogenin and glycogen synthase, respectively, proteins known to be interactors. The third cDNA encoded a polypeptide of unknown function and was designated GNIP (glycogenin interactingprotein). Northern blot analysis revealed that GNIP mRNA is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. The gene for GNIP generates at least four isoforms by alternative splicing. The largest isoform GNIP1 contains, from NH2- to COOH-terminal, a RING finger, a B box, a putative coiled-coil region, and a B30.2-like motif. The previously identified protein TRIM7 (tripartitemotif containing protein 7) is also derived from theGNIP gene and is composed of the RING finger, B box, and coiled-coil regions. The GNIP2 and GNIP3 isoforms consist of the coiled-coil region and B30.2-like domain. Physical interaction between GNIP2 and glycogenin was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, and in addition GNIP2 was shown to stimulate glycogenin self-glucosylation 3–4-fold. GNIPs may represent a novel participant in the initiation of glycogen synthesis.
Was Wright Wrong? High-Class Jobs and the Professional Earnings Advantage*

Objectives. Wright and Perrone (1977) was an outstanding empirical analysis of social stratification, a major contribution to Marxist analysis of classes in modern capitalism, and an important contribution to popular discourse and academic research on “social class” in the United States. Since 1977, however, debates with “bean counters” in sociology and “epistemological and ontological purists” within Marxism have yielded a multidimensional game-theoretic exploitation model that falls far short of Wright and Perrone (1977) on standards of social science, Marxism, commonsense, and the potential for inspiring future scholarship. Thus I propose moving away from game theory and toward Tilly's (1998) model of durable inequality, which might accommodate the dialectic of life and work. Methods. An OLS regression analysis of income inequality among white men in the United States illustrates the benefits of this reconceptualization in capturing the interactive effects of occupational titles, educational credentials, and class relations. Results. Specifically, we find that the professional earnings advantage is associated with J.D. and M.D. credentials and small-scale proprietorship, rather than supervisorial authority or ownership in large-scale corporate practice. Conclusions. These results suggest that we should reconsider the Wright (1997) conceptualization of Marxist class categories.
Nanosecond laser flash photolysis of thiophenolate-capped cadmium sulfide particles in acetonitrile☆

Abstract Thiophenolate-capped US particles (PhS-capped CdS) of two different particle sizes (∼18 A and ∼30 A) were subjected to nanosecond laser flash photolysis (299 or 355 nm) in acetonitrile in the presence and absence of a hole scavenger. The effects of particle size and of the identities of the capping agent and hole scavenger on the efficiency of the formation and decay of trapped holes at the surface of these particles were studied. The transient absorption of the thiophenyl radical (PhS), produced by hole trapping in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate (Et 2 NCS 2 − ), differs from that reported for non-capped CdS colloids. The observed transi absorption spectrum shifted to shorter wavelengths with a decrease in particle size. The transient bleaching observed at short wavelengths in the large (∼30 A) PhS-capped CdS particles was not observed in the analogous small (∼18 A) particles. The decay of the transient absorption of the small (∼18 A) PhS-capped CdS particles is faster than that of large (∼30 A) ones. The dominant decay pathway for trapped holes is the reaction of surface-bound PhS- with adsorbed phenolate groups that exists in excess at the surface of the capped particle.
Rectification concerning “Isolation and characterization of a novel anthocyanin-promoting MYBA gene family in Citrus”

During research following the submission and acceptance of our report “Isolation and characterization of a novel anthocyanin-promoting MYBA gene family in Citrus”, we found evidence that the water source used to conduct PCR analyses was contaminated by grape-derived DNA. Recently, we found one suspicious band in the amplification of several water-based control samples. When this band was processed and sequenced, it conformed to the known grapevine-derived MybA1 sequence. This cast doubt on the accuracy of our report and we are compelled by the evidence to rectify it. We regret that erroneous information was entered into the literature base.
Expert and novice, earth and space science: teachers’ declarative, procedural and structural knowledge

This study sought to compare expert and novice earth and space science teachers in terms of the declarative, procedural and structural knowledge that they use while engaged in solving ‘typical’ earth science problems. In a qualitative analysis of the problem‐solving skills of six expert and six novice earth and space science teachers, it was found that expert earth and space science teachers: (a) brought more declarative knowledge to the problem, (b) used fewer steps to solve a problem, (c) generated more subroutines, (d) generated more alternative solutions, (e) moved less between declarative and procedural knowledge, and (f) solved problems more accurately than did the novice earth and space science teachers. Findings from this study support Norman's (1982) theory of learning, that experts perform with ease while novices seem to work harder. The expert earth and space science teachers in this study seemed to function at the ‘tuning’ level, while novice earth and space science teachers function at the ‘a...
Singularities on Free Surfaces of Fluid Flows

Isolated singularities on free surfaces of two-dimensional and axially symmetric three-dimensional steady potential flows with gravity are considered. A systematic study is presented, where known solutions are recovered and new ones found. In two dimensions, the singularities found include those described by the Stokes solution with a 120° angle, Craya's flow with a cusp on the free surface, Gurevich's flow with a free surface meeting a rigid plane at 120° angle, and Dagan and Tulin's flow with a horizontal free surface meeting a rigid wall at an angle less than 120°. In three dimensions, the singularities found include those in Garabedian's axially symmetric flow about a conical surface with an approximately 130° angle, flows with axially symmetric cusps, and flows with a horizontal free surface and conical stream surfaces. The Stokes, Gurevich, and Garabedian flows are exact solutions. These are used to generate local solutions, including perturbations of the Stokes solution by Grant and Longuet-Higgins and Fox, perturbations of Gurevich's flow by Vanden-Broeck and Tuck, asymmetric perturbations of Stokes flow and nonaxisymmetric perturbations of Garabedian's flow. A generalization of the Stokes solution to three fluids meeting at a point is also found.
Monomethylated selenium inhibits growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer xenograft accompanied by a decrease in the expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Objectives Epidemiological studies and prevention trials suggest selenium is a promising preventive agent for prostate cancer. Selenium-containing compounds inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cell lines including androgen sensitive LNCaP and androgen insensitive DU145 and PC3 cells in vitro. Previous study revealed a novel mechanism of selenium action in which selenium (methylseleninic acid (MSA)) markedly reduced androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that selenium might act as an antiandrogen, which could serve as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. In this study, we tested whether selenium (methylselenocysteine (MSC)) affects tumor growth of human prostate cancer cells by targeting AR signaling in vivo. Methods Prostate tumor xenografts were established in nude mice by co-inoculating LNCaP cells with Matrigel. The mice-bearing tumors were treated with or without MSC (100 µg/mouse/day) via intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. The effect of MSC on tumor growth, AR, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression was examined. Results Methylselenocysteine (MSC) significantly inhibited LNCaP tumor growth (P < 0.05). AR expression in tumor tissues and serum PSA levels were considerably decreased in MSC-treated mice compared to the vehicle controls. Conclusions Pharmacological dose of MSC inhibits the growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer in vivo accompanied by a decrease in the expression of AR and PSA. These findings suggest that selenium (MSC) can serve as a therapeutic agent aimed at disruption of AR signaling for prostate cancer. Prostate 66: 1070-1075, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Delayed Onset of Sleep-Wake Cycling with Favorable Outcome in Hypothermic-Treated Neonates with Encephalopathy

Objective To determine whether hypothermia modulates acquisition of sleep-wake cycling in term neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and the relationship to outcome. Study design Twenty-nine term infants with moderate to severe HIE treated with selective head cooling were evaluated. All were monitored with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography during and video electroencephalography immediately after hypothermia for ≥72 hours. Electroencephalograpic data were analyzed for background and sleep-wake cycling. Abnormal outcome included death or severe global neurodevelopmental disability ≥18 months. Results Acquisition of sleep-wake cycling was noted in nine infants by 72 hours, in 13 by 96 hours, 19 by 120 hours, and 22 by 144 hours. Presence of sleep-wake cycling was associated with normal outcome, that is, 14 of 22 (64%), versus abnormal outcome, that is, none of seven without sleep-wake cycling (P = .006). The presence of sleep-wake cycling by 120 hours had a positive predictive value of 68% and negative predictive value of 90%. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were related to onset of sleep-wake cycling. Conclusions Although onset of sleep-wake cycling is markedly delayed in term neonates with moderate to severe HIE treated with hypothermia, approximately 65% with acquisition of cycling have a normal outcome. Sleep-wake cycling is an important additional tool for assessing recovery in term infants with moderate to severe HIE treated with hypothermia.
Ethics and professionalism in accounting education: A sample course

Abstract After a brief literature review, this paper deals with four related topics: A discussion of how ethics should be taught in the accounting curriculum, a description of one sample course in accounting ethics and professionalism (E & P), a description of pre- and post-test results when such a course was offered to a treatment group and not to a control group, and implications of the research. The author advocates that ethics be taught both in existing accounting courses and in a separate course in accounting ethics and professionalism. The author further advocates that a “sandwich approach” be used, consisting of a general course in ethics taught elsewhere in the university, followed by a variety of accounting courses in which ease studies and homework problems help students spot ethical issues and reinforce the need for mature ethical reasoning, followed by a capstone course in ethics and professionalism taught by accounting faculty. The results of the pre- and post-tests of moral development indicate a significant increase in mean test scores of the treatment group over that of the control group. An analysis of an interactive effect indicates that the E & P course combined with previous classes in ethics is particularly effective in predicting moral-reasoning maturation.
Developing scheduling benchmark tests for the Space Network

A set of benchmark tests were developed to analyze and measure Space Network scheduling characteristics and to assess the potential benefits of a proposed flexible scheduling concept. This paper discusses the role of the benchmark tests in evaluating alternative flexible scheduling approaches and defines a set of performance measurements. The paper describes the rationale for the benchmark tests as well as the benchmark components, which include models of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS), mission spacecraft, their orbital data, and flexible requests for communication services. Parameters which vary in the tests address the degree of request flexibility, the request resource load, and the number of events to schedule. Test results are evaluated based on time to process and schedule quality. Preliminary results and lessons learned are addressed.
Botulinum toxin type B.

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin B is an antigenically distinct form of Botulinum toxin which has unique physical and clinical properties that distinguish it from Botulinum toxin A. OBJECTIVE To describe properties of Botulinum toxin B. METHODS More rapid onset, greater diffusion characteristics as well as disminished longevity have been identified to date in previous studies. RESULTS BTX-B is safe and effective. CONCLUSION The clinical role of this novel neurotoxin in the aesthetic arena is presently evolving.
Chiral Salicyl Diamines: Potent Anticancer Molecules

A set of 12 enantiomeric diamine-based small molecules was synthesized and screened for anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines: NCI-H460, A549, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and T-47D. The salicyl diamino compounds (1-6) were found to induce inhibition of the growth of cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations. The lead compound, N,N'-bis-salicyl-(1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane (1) displayed single-reagent anticancer activity with an IC(50) value equal to or less than 2.0 microM in H460 and A-549 cancer cells. SRB and colony formation assays indicated that compound 1 shows greater cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7 cells than MCF-10A cells. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that compound 1, is an extremely efficient regulator of antiapoptotic genes, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and the cell cycle related gene, cyclin D1. This study provides a new insight into the development of novel small molecules in the treatment of human breast cancers.
Elastic, structural, bonding, and defect properties of zinc-blende BN, AlN, GaN, InN and their alloys

Abstract Simple tight-binding simulations, incorporating only the Herman–Skillman atomic term values, are shown to provide valuable information about the bonding, elastic and structural properties of zinc-blende group III-nitrides. Our calculated values of the elastic parameters (viz., bulk modulus, elastic stiffness constants, Kleinman's internal displacement parameter, Keating force constants, etc.) for BN, AlN, GaN, and InN are shown to exist well within the range of values derived from more sophisticated methods. Despite the crude approximations used, the tight-binding method has clearly provided the meaningful trends to the local distortions around isoelectronic impurities and has described reasonably well the bond length variations as a function of composition in ternary alloys.
Exploiting Latent I/O Asynchrony in Petascale Science Applications

Current and emerging large-scale HPC applications face daunting I/O challenges. In existing codes, problems arise both from large data volumes and from the need to perform complex online data manipulations, including data staging, reorganization, and transformation. We describe three related techniques for enabling, encouraging, and exploiting latent I/O asynchrony in HPC applications: data taps, IOgraphs, and Metabots.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID AGAINST TOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS

Toxicity of cadmium in the young Japanese quail rapidly produced moderate growth depression, hypogonadism in the male, decreased bone ash, severe anemia, alterations of "indicator" tissue levels of several essential inorganic elements, and marked histological abnormalities of the duodenum, bone marrow, adrenal medulla, and esophageal mucus glands. Cadmium appeared to have direct effects on zinc and iron, particularly iron (III), by decreasing intestinal absorption of these elements. Small amounts of dietary ascorbic acid were protective against many of the adverse effects of cadmium. The young quail proved to be a useful species for these studies. The experience with cadmium may have some facets that would prove useful in further studies of the effects of ascorbic acid on the toxicity of other metals.
Osteocutaneous digital fillet flap a technical modification

A modified osteocutaneous digital fillet flap was used to reconstruct the thumb of a fifty-three year old male with a severe gunshot wound to the dominant hand. An arthrodesis in the central portion of the bone graft sustained a fatigue fracture that progressed to union without treatment. The one stage procedure avoided the immobilization of a distant pedicle flap, revisional surgery of a complex free flap, and donor site morbidity.
Effects of fentanyl on local cerebral blood flow in the rat.

Fentanyl reduces the cortical cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate for oxygen in rats, though seizure activity occurs in some animals at high doses. However, the effects of fentanyl on blood flow and metabolism in subcortical structures have not been clearly delineated. The present study examines the effects of intravenous fentanyl (100 or 400 micrograms . kg-1) on local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) in paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rats. Rats ventilated with 70% N2O in 30% O2 served as controls. Local CBF was measured using 14C-iodoantipyrine and autoradiography. Blood pressure, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and temperature were comparable in all groups. The EEG showed slow wave activity in most animals given 100 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl while seizure activity occurred in all animals given 400 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl. With 100 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl, CBF tended to be depressed in all cortical and subcortical areas, except the peri-aqueductal gray; and with 400 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl, 1-CBF tended to be elevated (compared to 100 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl) in most areas of the brain. The limbic system structures, however, were most affected by 400 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl with statistically significant increases (compared to the 100 micrograms . kg-1 group) in 1-CBF of 86% and 67% respectively in the amygdala and septal nucleus. These results confirm that moderately high doses of fentanyl which cause slow wave activity on the EEG also depress 1-CBF in rats; moreover, doses of fentanyl that produce seizure activity produce increases in 1-CBF in most cerebral structures with greatest effects on limbic system 1-CBF.
Antiplatelet Drug Resistance: Not Ready for Prime Time

Antiplatelet drug therapy reduces vascular events in a wide range of patients. Although antiplatelet drug resistance is becoming well documented, a universal definition has not been established. This lack and the lack of standardized measures of platelet function make estimation of the prevalence of antiplatelet drug resistance difficult. Mounting evidence suggests that antiplatelet drug resistance is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, which have been assessed in patients with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Patients with antiplatelet drug resistance have significantly more vascular events than patients without such resistance. However, there are no guidelines for the treatment of antiplatelet drug resistance. Although point-of-care platelet-function testing makes screening for resistance feasible, routine screening should not be standard practice until data regarding the management of antiplatelet drug resistance are available.
Conditions for geometric similarity of coarse stream-bed roughness

The microtopographic roughness of coarse sediment on a stream bed offers a resistance to flow that is proportional to the intensity of turbulent water motion near the bed. To predict resistance from descriptions of roughness, it is important to determine when roughness structures may be considered geometrically similar. Gravel-cobble sediment mixtures display a first-order autoregressive structure. Characteristic horizontal and vertical dimensions can be defined easily for this structure and used to test for similarity between roughnesses. Describing roughness as a random field obviates heuristic distinctions between skin and small bedform roughnesses in coarse sediment channels.
Transient Temperature Rise of Transformers

Equations are developed for transient temperature rise of transformer cooling medium and various types of transformer coils over their ambient medium. These are evaluated on a percent temperature rise base for the corresponding powers of the watts dissipated for transformer cooling medium and various types of transformer coils. Included are the cases of both constant watts input and constant current input. The percentage of transient temperature rise when the time constant equals the loading time is accurately shown for each case.
Surface poisoning in the nucleation and growth of palladium atomic layer deposition with Pd(hfac)(2) and formalin

Abstract Palladium (Pd) atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be performed with Pd(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetyl-acetone) and formalin as the reactants. For Pd ALD on oxide surfaces, the nucleation of Pd ALD has been observed to require between 20 and 100 ALD cycles. To understand the long nucleation periods, this study explored the surface reactions occurring during Pd ALD nucleation and growth on hydroxylated Al2O3 substrates. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on high surface area nanopowders was used to observe the surface species. The adsorption of Pd(hfac)2 on hydroxylated Al2O3 substrates was found to yield both Pd(hfac)* and Al(hfac)* surface species. The identity of the Al(hfac)* species was confirmed by separate FTIR studies of hfacH adsorption on the hydroxylated Al2O3 substrates. Isothermal loss of the Al(hfac)* species revealed second-order kinetics at 448–523 K with an activation barrier of Ed = 39.4 kcal/mol. The lack of correlation between Al(hfac)* and AlOH* species during the loss of Al(hfac)* species suggested that the Al(hfac)* species may desorb as Al(hfac)3. After Pd(hfac)2 exposure and the subsequent formalin exposure on hydroxylated Al2O3 substrates, only hfac ligands from Pd(hfac)* species were removed from the surface. In addition, the formalin exposure added formate species. The Al(hfac)* species was identified as the cause of the long nucleation period because Al(hfac)* behaves as a site blocker. The surface poisoning by Al(hfac)* species was corroborated by adsorbing hfacH prior to the Pd(hfac)2 exposures. The amount of Pd(hfac)* species after Pd(hfac)2 exposures decreased progressively versus the previous hfacH exposure. Pd ALD occurred gradually during the subsequent Pd ALD cycles as the Al(hfac)* species were slowly removed from the Al2O3 surface. Ex situ transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed Pd nanoclusters that grew in size and dispersion with increasing number of Pd ALD cycles. These nanoclusters eventually coalesced to form a continuous Pd ALD film. Surface poisoning by the hfac ligands may help to explain the nucleation difficulties for metal ALD on oxide substrates using β-diketonate reactants.
Putting Your Best Face Forward: The Accuracy of Online Dating Photographs

This study examines the accuracy of 54 online dating photographs posted by heterosexual daters. We report data on (a1) online daters' self-reported accuracy, (b) independent judges' perceptions of accuracy, and (c) inconsistencies in the profile photograph identified by trained coders. While online daters rated their photos as relatively accurate, independent judges rated approximately 1/3 of the photographs as not accurate. Female photographs were judged as less accurate than male photographs, and were more likely to be older, to be retouched or taken by a professional photographer, and to contain inconsistencies, including changes in hair style and skin quality. The findings are discussed in terms of the tensions experienced by online daters to (a) enhance their physical attractiveness and (b) present a photograph that would not be judged deceptive in subsequent face-to-face meetings. The paper extends the theoretical concept of selective self-presentation to online photographs, and discusses issues of self-deception and social desirability bias.
A feasibility study of low‐dose, prolonged oral topotecan in patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal serous cancer who have attained a complete clinical response following platinum‐based chemotherapy

To determine the tolerability of oral maintenance topotecan when administered to patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal serous cancers who have achieved a complete clinical response after first-line platinum-based therapy. Oral topotecan was given at a starting dose of 0.4 mg/m2/dose, twice a day (BID) for 21 consecutive days out of 28 days. The dose was subsequently increased to 0.5 mg/m2/dose, twice a day as tolerated. If the patient experienced toxicities during cycle 1 or subsequent cycles, doses were delayed and/or reduced. The lowest dose allowed on protocol was 0.3 mg/m2/dose twice daily. Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study, representing a total of fifty-nine cycles of oral topotecan. The starting dose of 0.4 mg/m2 by mouth (PO) BID for 21 days was generally difficult for patients to tolerate, usually due to progressive anemia and fatigue, and a dose reduction to 0.3 mg/m2 was necessary in 10/13 patients. A median of six cycles was administered, although 6 of 13 patients could not tolerate the planned 6 cycles due to toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was the most common side effect, although there were no episodes of febrile neutropenia. Diarrhea was the most common nonhematologic side effect, occurring in 8 of 13 patients. Six patients were removed from the study prior to completing the planned six cycles of therapy, after receiving a median number of 2.5 cycles of treatment. This dose and schedule of oral topotecan does not appear to be feasible in this patient population.
Current status of IPM in apple orchards

Abstract Apple integrated pest management (IPM) research and the development of apple IPM programs through transfer technology activities of Extension and Advisory personnel and Crop Consultants has been intense and continuous for over 20 years, and current apple IPM programs vary largely from one country to another and even in different regions within a country. Factors that account for these differences include the number of major and minor pests, available technology, commitment to IPM approach, and financial and personnel support for IPM research, demonstration, and implementation. This short review discusses the basic approaches for managing arthropod pests and pathogens included in current apple IPM programs.
Competitive Sourcing Policy: More Sail than Rudder

This essay predicts that the Bush administration's competitive sourcing initiative will fail. Granted, the number of government employees will continue to shrink, while the number of contractor personnel serving the Government will methodically increase. But the Government's unwillingness to appreciate the policy's costs leads to the corresponding failure to identify, obtain, and invest appropriate resources needed to properly effectuate the policy. The Government simply lacks sufficient qualified acquisition, contract management, and quality control personnel to handle the outsourcing burden. Because the Government is ill-positioned to successfully out-source in a manner that generates higher quality services, lower prices, greater efficiency, or, ultimately, better government, an aggressive outsourcing policy will further expose long-standing problems in service contracting, including poor planning, inadequately defined requirements, insufficient price evaluation, and lax oversight of contractor performance. All of which lead to disquieting expectations for the Government's future.