cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in elderly patients: Outcomes and validation of a clinical risk score for patient selection.

Introduction and aim. Many transplant programs have expanded eligibility to include patients previously ineligible because of advanced age. Outcomes of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLK) in recipients with advanced age are not known. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from patients undergoing transplantation between 2002 and 2015 were obtained from the UNOS Standard Analysis and Research file. RESULTS SLK recipients aged ≥ 65 years (N = 677), SLK recipients aged < 65 years (N = 4517), and recipients of liver transplant alone(LTA) aged ≥ 65 years(N = 8495) were compared. Recipient characteristics were similar between the SLK groups. Similar patient and graft survival were observed in SLK recipients aged ≥ 65 years compared to SLK recipients aged < 65 years and LTA recipients aged ≥ 65 years. Importantly, in a subgroup analysis, superior survival was seen in the SLK group aged ≥ 65 years compared to LTA recipients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent dialysis in the week prior to transplantation (p < 0.001). A prediction model of patient survival was developed for the SLK group aged ≥ 65 years with predictors including: age ≥ 70 years (3 points), calculated MELD score (-1 to 2 points), and recipient ventilator status at the time of SLK (4 points). The risk score predicted patient survival, with a significantly inferior survival seen in patients with a score ≥ 4 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Age should not be used as a contraindication for SLK transplantation. The validated scoring system provides a guide for patient selection and can be used when evaluating elderly patients for SLK transplantation listing.
Potential Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings: The Case of Supermarket Refrigeration 1

According to engineering analyses, energy-intensive commercial buildings have ample opportunities to reduce energy use while saving money, but many seemingly profitable strategies go unadopted. This study explores potential barriers to energy- and refrigerant-reducing investments in supermarket refrigeration. While supermarkets are large energy users, energy and refrigerant account for a relatively small proportion of expenditures. However, due to the intensely competitive nature of the industry, reducing refrigeration costs could have a sizable impact on supermarkets’ bottom lines. Given the scarcity of empirical data in this context, we conducted focus groups and interviews with U.S. supermarket representatives to elicit information about potential barriers to investment and used content analysis to qualitatively evaluate results. Participant statements suggest that the rate at which they adopt specific energy-reducing refrigeration technologies and practices correlates fairly well with estimates of expected payback. Uncertainty and imperfect information about the performance of new technologies, high opportunity costs of capital, and tradeoffs with other valued system attributes such as reliability and customer appeal were the most pervasive potential barriers discussed by participants, although split incentives between firms and contractors or employees also played a role for some firms. Our assessment is that these factors have moderately limited or slowed investments in energy-saving refrigeration technologies for many firms; only in the cases of uncertainty/imperfect information and split incentives between firms and contractors or employees are these barriers potentially indicative of market failures. In addition, in several instances we identify ways in which analysts could improve engineering-based net present value calculations to make them more consistent with actual firm decisions.
Primary Care–Based Health Coaching for the Management of Prediabetes:

Introduction. Prediabetes is a prevalent disease that has been associated with its own health risks and is a known precursor of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions are known to effectively treat prediabetes but are often not offered to patients within a primary care setting. Study Design. Exploratory and descriptive study. Objective. To assess if the use of a health coaching intervention among primary care patients, with prediabetes, warrants further examination. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who had prediabetes and received health coaching at the Ambulatory Practice of the Future between 2012 and 2014. Discussion. A health coaching intervention used among primary care patients, with prediabetes, deserves further examination, as participants had a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and weight over 2 years.
The Ethics of Hand Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Purpose We conducted a systematic review to document ethical concerns regarding human upper extremity (UE) allotransplantation and how these concerns have changed over time. Methods We performed a systematic review of 5 databases to find manuscripts addressing ethical concerns related to UE allotransplantation. Inclusion criteria were papers that were on the topic of UE allotransplantation, and related ethical concerns, written in English. We extracted and categorized ethical themes under the 4 principles of bioethics: Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and Justice. We assessed theme frequency by publication year using Joinpoint regression, analyzing temporal trends, and estimating annual percent change. Results We identified 474 citations; 49 articles were included in the final analysis. Publication years were 1998 to 2015 (mean, 3 publications/y; range, 0–7 publications/y). Nonmaleficence was most often addressed (46 of 49 papers; 94%) followed by autonomy (36 of 49; 74%), beneficence (35 of 49; 71%), and justice (31 of 49; 63%). Of the 14 most common themes, only "Need for More Research/Data" (nonmaleficence) demonstrated a significant increase from 1998 to 2002. Conclusions Upper extremity transplantation is an appealing reconstructive option for patients and physicians. Its life-enhancing (vs life-saving) nature and requirement for long-term immunosuppression have generated much ethical debate. Availability of human data has influenced ethical concerns over time. Our results indicate that discussion of ethical issues in the literature increased following publication of UE transplants and outcomes as well as after meetings of national societies and policy decisions by regulatory agencies. Clinical relevance Because UE transplantation is not a life-saving procedure, much ethical debate has accompanied its evolution. It is important for UE surgeons considering referring patients for evaluation to be aware of this discussion to fully educate patients and help them make informed treatment decisions.
Editorial 2016 Best Paper Award

High quality scholarship requires technical excellence but also connects the work to the primary references in the field. In this way the reader advances their knowledge and gains perspective. The Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing supports these goals by recognizing the best paper chosen by the Associate Editors and reviewers. The winning paper was selected from 51 papers published by TSM in 2016. The winner is “ Risk-Controlled Product Mix Planning in Semiconductor Manufacturing Using Simulation Optimization ” by Dr. Kuo-Hao Chang published in the November 2016 issue of IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (10.1109/TSM.2016.2602388). Dr. Chang is a professor of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Manufacturing at National Tsing Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The paper applies a method developed in another domain to find the optimal product mix in a semiconductor manufacturing line. On behalf of the associate editors, I congratulate Dr. Chang on being selected.
Exploration of seakeeping and drag performance of planing craft with active control systems

Abstract Most available planing craft design tools and guidelines were not envisioned to be used with vessels that have Active Control Systems (ACS). Consequently, vessels with ACS are conventionally designed as “add-ons” in a sequential manner: first the geometry of the vessel is designed using traditional guidelines, and then the ACS is implemented. However, sequential design is not always optimal for systems whose dynamics are affected by control systems. This research explores the design space of a planing craft with an ACS, and performs an exhaustive search in the coupled design space of vessel geometry and ACS parameters using a time-domain simulation program in sea states (SS) 2 and 3. The vessel is assumed to be prismatic, and the controller is a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) whose outputs are forces on the vessel. The results suggest that if the ACS is designed along with the planing craft, the seaway drag could be reduced in some cases by 30% in SS 2, and 10% in SS 3. The seakeeping also shows significant improvements, with 20% reductions in the ISO 2631-5 metric D z for SS 2, and 50% in SS 3. Thus, it is recommended that if a vessel is expected to have an ACS, co-design should be pursued by considering the vessel's geometry and its controller simultaneously.
An integrated anomaly detection method for load forecasting data under cyberattacks

As energy delivery systems evolve and become increasingly more reliant on sophisticated forecasting data for efficient operations, it is very likely that they will also become more vulnerable to cybersecurity issues. In particular, very short-term forecasting results will significantly help grid operators and market participants project upcoming grid conditions. A coordinated cyberattack on forecasting related data and/or models by sophisticated adversary may render the existing bad data or outlier detection methods for load data ineffective and may have very negative impact on operational decisions. A generic method based on “Symbolic Aggregation approximation” (SAX) for detecting abnormal patterns in time series data is introduced and combined with existing point anomaly detection methods to develop an integrated solution in this study. A set of time series load data is used in this study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated anomaly detection for different sophisticated cyberattacks.
Statin Therapy Does Not Reduce Liver Fat Scores in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection

Background & Aims Therapies are needed to limit progression of fatty liver diseases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We analyzed data from a prospective study of the effects of rosuvastatin (a statin) on hepatic steatosis in HIV-positive adults. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from a double-blind trial of adult patients with HIV infection (78% male; 68% African American; mean age, 46 y; body mass index, 29 kg/m2; HIV1 RNA Results The placebo and rosuvastatin groups each had significant increases in LFS, compared with baseline, at 96 weeks (P = .01 and P Conclusions In a secondary analysis of data from a trial of patients receiving treatment for HIV infection, hepatic steatosis increased over time, regardless of statin treatment, and was independently associated with markers of immune activation. Patients who received rosuvastatin appeared to have a nonsignificant increase in hepatic steatosis over 96 weeks. Despite their ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, statins do not appear to reduce hepatic steatosis. Clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT01218802.
Chapter 3 Trisomy 21: Causes and Consequences

Abstract Trisomy 21, leading to Down syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, specific birth defects, and medical conditions. Clinical and epidemiological studies over the last 100 years have been primarily focused on infants with DS to determine the prevalence, cause, and clinical significance of the syndrome. Studies to understand the consequence of trisomy 21 with respect to the variability of specific DS‐associated medical conditions and to determine how these conditions influence cognitive and behavioral outcomes are only just beginning. Here, we provide an overview of current clinical and epidemiological research that characterizes the causes of trisomy 21 and its medical consequences.
Very High Homologous Temperature Constitutive Models for Semi-Solid and Solid Metals

Although the constitutive behavior of metals is well characterized for homologous temperatures below one-half the melting temperature, very little data exist for very high homologous temperatures and semi-solid or mushy state constitutive behavior. The deformation processes at high homologous temperatures consist of some combination of dislocation glide and recovery-controlled creep, but it is not clear whether one particular process dominates and therefore which constitutive model is most appropriate. This investigation presents constitutive behavior for both very high homologous temperature deformation and semi-solid deformation processes. The experiments assume an internal variable formulation where the flow equation is coupled with the evolution of microstructure via a set of coupled, first order differential equations. The semi-solid model incorporates a single internal variable to capture the effect of solid particle agglomeration. The high homologous temperature behavior includes both steady state and transient data. Data is presented for both lead and lead/tin systems, illustrating the proper experiments to determine the material functions in the models.
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before and after coronary arteriography: The value of coronary arteriography as a stress test☆

Abstract A study of the left ventricular hemodynamics of 95 subjects in whom coronary cinearteriography was performed demonstrated statistical differences among the mean resting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of normal subjects, patients with cardiomyopathy, patients with coronary artery disease and patients with coronary artery disease and aneurysm. These values were lowest in the normal subjects ( x = 8.1 mm Hg ) and in those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( x = 9.7 mm Hg ), higher in the group with uncomplicated coronary artery disease ( x = 10.2 mm Hg ) and highest in patients with coronary artery disease and aneurysm ( x = 12 mm Hg ). The mean resting values appeared to be directly related to the degree of disease of the left ventricle. The largest increase of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after coronary arteriography, that is, up to 175 percent of the resting value, was recorded in patients with coronary artery disease ( x = 17.8 mm Hg ) and in the group with left ventricular aneurysm ( x = 18.6 mm Hg ). Lesser increments were detected in the control subjects ( x = 12.6 mm Hg ) and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( x = 11 mm Hg ). The correlation with left cineventriculography clearly indicates that the greatest increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after selective coronary arteriography occurred in those patients who had the more extensive and severe degrees of left ventricular involvement. The behavior of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after selective coronary arteriography may be utilized as an additional and useful test in evaluating the functional state of the left ventricle.
RAPID RECHARGING OF NICKEL–CADMIUM BATTERIES

Rapid recharging capability materially increases the utility of secondary batteries by making it possible to reduce the size of the battery required in many applications, and by making it possible to use secondary batteries in applications heretofore blocked by the need for long recharging times. Rapid recharging of vented nickel-reliable cadmium cells is well established; the cell design provides an end of charge signal suitable for control of charging to minimize water losses by electrolysis and overheating caused by excessive rates of overcharging. Rapid recharging of sealed cells requires special control inputs to prevent excessive overcharging of the cell with concomitant unsafe rise in internal gas pressure. Useful inputs are differential voltage input from the cell or battery, auxiliary electrode signals, and coulometer signals. The use of these inputs for charge control and the related circuitry is given; the effect on cell life and behavior is described. Experimentally, tests on very high charging rates appear to show that there is no upper limit on the charging rate that a cell will accept at high efficiency without damage, provided that the cell is not subjected to overcharging at the high rates. Tests were carried out up to the 4000 C rate, which will charge a cell in 1 second. Useful charging rates are determined more by the economic factors involved rather than technical factors.
"They Told Me to Take Him Somewhere Else": Caregivers' Experiences Seeking Emergency Dental Care for Their Children.

PURPOSE The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine pediatric emergency dental trends in two safety net clinics and care-seeking experiences of young children's caregivers. METHODS Administrative data were used to describe and compare emergency first visits of children ages zero to six years in a community-based (CC) and a University-based (UC) safety net clinic from 2010 to 2014. In-person interviews were conducted with 11 caregivers of children ages zero to six presenting for nontrauma-related emergency visits at the UC from January to August 2016. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed inductively using Atlas. ti.7.5.9. RESULTS The UC experienced significantly more emergency first visits (33 percent) than the CC (five percent, P<0.001), and the majority of these UC visits were referrals. Caregivers were dissatisfied with the experienced barriers of access to care and lack of child-centeredness, specifically the referral out of the dental home for emergency dental care. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of children's first visits at dental safety net clinics was emergency related. Children's caregivers voiced issues related to access to care and lack of child-centered care. Discordance was apparent between how professional organizations define the dental home and how caregivers experience it in the context of emergency care.
Predicting the decomposability of arctic tundra soil organic matter with mid infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Vast amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) have been preserved in arctic soils over millennia time scales due to the limiting effects of cold and wet environments on decomposer activity. With the increase in high latitude warming due to climate change, the potential decomposability of this SOM needs to be assessed. In this study, we investigated the capability of mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy to quickly predict soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and carbon (C) mineralized during short-term incubations of tundra soils. Active layer and upper permafrost soils collected from four tundra sites on the North Slope of Alaska were incubated at 1, 4, 8 and 16 °C for 60 days. All incubated soils were scanned to obtain the MIR spectra and analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, and salt-extractable organic matter carbon (SEOM). Partial least square regression (PLSR) models, constructed using the MIR spectral data for all soils, were excellent predictors of soil TOC and TN concentrations and good predictors of mineralized C for these tundra soils. We explored whether we could improve the prediction of mineralized C by splitting the soils into the groups defined by the influential factors and thresholds identified in a principal components analysis: (1) TOC >10%, (2) TOC 0.6%, (5) acidic tundra, and (6) non-acidic tundra. The best PLSR mineralization models were found for soils with TOC
A randomized controlled trial comparing Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy (TBT) and behavioral activation in veterans with affective disorders.

Abstract This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared the efficacy of Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy (TBT) to Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) in veterans diagnosed with affective disorders. TBT is a transdiagnostic psychotherapy designed to address depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Preliminary findings have been promising; however, no RCT has been completed to date. 105 treatment-seeking veterans were recruited and completed diagnostic and self-report measures, and then randomized into TBT or BATD treatment conditions for 12 weekly psychotherapy sessions. Assessment measures were re-administered at immediate post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Of the 93 participants initiating treatment, 50 participants completed the full treatment protocol (TBT n = 29; BATD n = 21). No differences were observed in treatment completion across groups. Participants demonstrated significant treatment improvements across all assessments, including measures of depression, anxiety (general, cognitive, and somatic), stress, PTSD symptoms, and transdiagnostic impairment. Group differences with small effect sizes were observed in most of the studied measures, favoring TBT compared to BATD. Together, the findings support the growing literature on the efficacy of transdiagnostic psychotherapies, compared to disorder-specific treatments (DSTs). Related to the outcome findings, the benefits for transdiagnostic protocols in terms of symptom coverage, dissemination, and access were discussed.
The Perfect Fence: Untangling the Meanings of Barbed Wire

Review of: "The Perfect Fence: Untangling the Meanings of Barbed Wire" by Lyn Ellen Bennett
Annotated-skeleton Biased Motion Planning for Faster Relevant Region Discovery.

Motion planning algorithms often leverage topological information about the environment to improve planner performance. However, these methods often focus only on the environment's connectivity while ignoring other properties such as obstacle clearance, terrain conditions, and resource accessibility. We present a method that augments a skeleton representing the workspace topology with such information to guide a sampling-based motion planner to rapidly discover regions most relevant to the problem at hand. Our approach decouples guidance and planning, making it possible for basic planning algorithms to find desired paths earlier in the planning process. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in both robotics problems and applications in drug design. Our method is able to produce desirable paths quickly with no change to the underlying planner.
The Contrasting Geochemistry of Manganese and Chromium in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

The study of the different oxidation states of trace metals can put limits on the oxidation state of seawater. In addition, the changes in oxidation state can influence input and removal in the ocean. Manganese and chromium form a contrasting pair with opposite tendencies. Under oxidizing conditions Mn(IV) is scavenged as MnO2 while Cr(VI) is soluble as CrO4 2−. Under reducing conditions Mn(II) is soluble as Mn2+ while Cr(III) is removed as Cr(OH)3. Thus the distributions of manganese and chromium can be influenced by the oxygen minimum zone.
The Queerness of Intelligence

This chapter describes how intelligence activities and operatives have been ignored and silenced in contemporary international relations scholarship, suggesting that the actions of intelligence operatives have a queer ontological status, since such events are often not made a part of a nation’s formal history, are often covered over, and somehow treated as less real than the formal politics of treaties and invasions. The liminal status of the intelligence agent—ethically, legally, and politically—is also explicated.
Schelling Models with Localized Social Influence: A Game-Theoretic Framework

We propose a game-theoretic approach to generalizing the classical Schelling model. At the core of our model are two features that did not receive much attention before. First, we allow multiple individuals to occupy the same location. Second, each individual's choice of location is influenced by their social network neighbors that also choose the same location. In addition, an individual's choice is influenced by others in the adjacent locations in a network-structured way, which captures the main spirit of the classical Schelling model and its numerous extensions. Our solution concept is a stable configuration represented as a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE). We show that even for various special cases of the problem, computing or counting PSNE is provably hard. We give algorithms for computing PSNE, including efficient algorithms for several special cases. We highlight some of the attractive features of our model, such as predicting very few PSNE, through experiments.
Sustaining and Enhancing the Scholarly Communications Department: A Comprehensive Guide: by Kris S. Helge, Ahmet Meti Tmava, and Amanda R. Zerangue, Santa Barbara, CA, Libraries Unlimited, 2020, 164 pp., $78.00 (ebook), 978-1-4408-6700-2; ISBN 978-1-4408-6699-9 (pbk.)

The library sub-specialty of scholarly communications is an emerging and growing field. Once scholarly communications departments were only common in research libraries, but today they are increasi...
A Comparison of Selected Items Found in Graduation Survey Instruments from MD and DO Schools. What It Reveals About Satisfaction with Career Choice

Selected items in graduation survey instruments from MD and DO schools were compared using a novel combined approach which revealed meaningful information about career choice. Although the student satisfaction with medical education had remained steady during the past decade for both MD and DO programs, the dissatisfaction with medical programs at time of graduation was different (p < 0.001). The level of unhappiness with career choice was also different (p < 0.001). An analysis of the Year Two Questionnaire, introduced in 2015 by the American Association of Medical Colleges, showed dissatisfaction with career choice in MD programs increased after graduation.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Photospheric Emission in Relativistic Outflows

We study the spectra of photospheric emission from highly relativistic gamma-ray burst outflows using a Monte Carlo code. We consider the Comptonization of photons with a fast-cooled synchrotron spectrum in a relativistic jet with a realistic photon-to-electron number ratio , using mono-energetic protons that interact with thermalized electrons through Coulomb interaction. The photons, electrons, and protons are cooled adiabatically as the jet expands outward. We find that the initial energy distributions of the protons and electrons do not have any appreciable effect on the photon peak energy and the power-law spectrum above . The Coulomb interaction between the electrons and the protons does not affect the output photon spectrum significantly as the energy of the electrons is elevated only marginally. and the spectral indices for the low- and high-energy power-law tails of the photon spectrum remain practically unchanged even with electron-proton coupling. Increasing the initial optical depth results in a slightly shallower photon spectrum below and fewer photons at the high-energy tail, although above and up to ~1 MeV, independent of . We find that determines the peak energy and the shape of the output photon spectrum. Finally, we find that our simulation results are quite sensitive to , for . For almost all our simulations, we obtain an output photon spectrum with a power-law tail above extending up to ~1 MeV.
2020, The Year None of Us Predicted: COVID-19 and Community Colleges

In early 2020, the world was thrown into chaos with no organization, country, or individual escaping the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Just a year before in 2019, community colleges, universitie...
Optimized Side-View Alignment Method for Asymmetrical Core Arranged Multicore Fibers

Side-view rotational alignment with core ID is investigated via simulation and experiment. The method is based on obtaining the characteristic side-view image originating from asymmetricity. The proposed method has significant potential for realizing fast alignment.
Understanding the Effects of Human Factors on the Spread of COVID-19 Using a Neural Network

During the spread of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, the identification of human factors that affect the spread is a really important area of research. These factors directly impact the spread of such a disease and are important in identifying the various regions that are at a higher risk than others. This allows for an optimal distribution of resources according to predicted demand. Traditional infectious modeling techniques are good at representing the spread and can incorporate multiple factors that resemble real-life scenarios. The primary issue here is the identification of relevant variables. In this study, a residual analysis is presented to downsize the dataset available and shortlist the variables classified as absolutely necessary for disease modeling. The performance of different datasets is evaluated using an Artificial Neural Network and regression analysis. The results show that the drop in performance using the reduced dataset is reasonable as it is very difficult to obtain a perfect dataset covering only necessary variables. This approach can be automated in the future as it offers a small dataset containing a few variables against a large dataset with possibly hundreds of variables.
STRONGER THAN EVER! ADOLESCENT ATHLETES SHOW STRENGTH GAINS WITHIN THE UNINJURED LEG AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION:

Background:The restoration of quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is critical to restore optimal patient function and reduce the incidence of secondary ACL in...
Multidual Sensitivity Method in Ray-Tracing Transport Simulations

The multidual differentiation method has been implemented in a ray-tracing transport simulation for the purpose of calculating arbitrary-order sensitivities of the uncollided particle leakage. This...
What Do the Guidelines Say for the Treatment of Acute Aortic Syndromes

Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) represent a spectrum of life-threatening aortic conditions including acute aortic dissection (AAD), intramural hematoma (IMH) and penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU). The pathophysiology of these pathologies is discussed elsewhere; our charge is to address the clinical management of the conditions and how we may use the guideline direction available to us in that regard. Some societal guidelines do exist, however they are primarily informed by expert opinion since the conditions are relatively uncommon and certainly no randomized controlled trials exist regarding the management of AAS. This chapter will summarize current societal recommendations for the treatment of AAS.
Cathode-Ray Tube Information Center with Automotive Navigation

The development and implementation of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display automotive information center with navigation feature is described. A structured approach to the TRIPMONITOR software graphics system design is explained. It is shown that beneficial results occur when various features are grouped together into one display and operation system. Emphasis is placed on the human factors of this next generation driver's aid.
Sport and Social Change

(2009). Sport and Social Change. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 7-21.
Relativistic dielectronic recombination theory

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is an inverse Auger process in which a free electron is captured by a recombining ion to form a doubly excited autoionizing state. The subsequent decay of the autoionizing state to a stabilized bound state by emitting photons completes the recombination process.1–3 DR is an important recombination process for high temperature plasmas. It can affect the ionization balance and level kinetics of the hot plasmas. In addition, the dielectronic satellite lines observed in the emission spectra are frequently used as plasmas diagnostic tools. In the past decade, intense theoretical4–16 and experimental17–24 studies on the DR process have been carried out. Most of the earlier theoretical calculations on the DR rate coefficients were done either by using a term average approximation or in LS coupling without including the effects of relativity and configuration interaction. The early experimental investigations17,18 were concentrated on few times ionized low-Z ions. Recently, the development of electron beam ion trap (EBIT)25, electron beam ion source (EBIS)26 and heavy ion storage ring27 has become possible to produce very highly-charged heavy ions (e.g. U 82+ and Xe53+)24,28 and to study the interaction between electrons and these ions. For highly-charged heavy ions, one expects that the nonrelativistic method would be inadequate and a relativistic treatment is necessary. To meet this challenge we have developed a relativistic package29 based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method (MCDF)30,31 and have carried out systematic relativistic calculations of DR cross sections and rate coefficientsl4–16 and resonant transfer and excitation cross sections in ion-atom collisions.32,33 In this paper, we will briefly discuss the relativistic calculations of atomic structure and transition rates and will focus our attention on the effects of relativity and intermediate coupling on the DR cross sections and rate coefficients.
Twelve Ways to Incorporate Strengths-Based Planning into the IEP Process

Abstract The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004 (IDEA) requires public schools to assure that parents of students with disabilities have the opportunity to participate in Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Strengths-based IEPs focus on student strengths and abilities, rather than weaknesses and disabilities, in preparing parents and teachers for the IEP meeting, presenting information at the meeting, and documenting the meeting in writing. As a special education administrator for more than 27 years, the author has experience in working with parents from the strengths-based perspective, including encouraging parents to participate in the IEP process. In 1994 the author, along with parents of students with disabilities, developed a checklist for parents and public school teachers that focused on the strengths-based approach and was intended to encourage parents to participate actively in IEP meetings. Twelve techniques for reducing conflict and encouraging parents to ...
The Jury's Response to Business and Corporate Wrongdoing

Some of the most vociferous criticisms of the jury relate to its performance in cases involving business and corporate wrongdoing. The jury's competence in such cases is assaulted on a variety of fronts. Critics question the jury's factfinding ability in cases with business and corporate parties, and doubt whether lay jurors can understand the often complex and esoteric evidence of business wrongdoing. For example, in a call to replace lay jurors with scientific experts in toxic tort cases, Dan Drazan has lamented that in toxic tort trials, "[l]ay jurors are being asked to digest information that is beyond their reach."' He cites evidence that jurors without the experience and knowledge necessary to evaluate complicated medical and technical evidence simply choose to ignore it.2 Others claim that bias and prejudice, rather than evidence, determine jury decisions about businesses and corporations. The presumed biases cut both ways. The generally positive regard in which the public holds business is credited with creating leniency toward business wrongdoing.3 Thus, juries are accused of being softer on "suite crime" than on "street crime," and of being reluctant to sanction business wrongdoing with criminal penalties.4 In contrast, other critics perceive harsh treatment for businesses in cases that pit corporations against individual litigants. These commentators maintain that civil juries penalize corporations for their ample resources, treating them as deep pockets from which to compensate undeserving victims who have contributed to their own misfortune.5 Some writers have even gone so far as to assert that as long as defendants have enough money, their actual negligence is of little concern. For instance, Peter Huber has argued that juries, along with complicit judges, are "committed to running a generous
In Search of Housing: Urban Families in Rural Contexts*

Researchers have been following a trend posited by the renowned anthropologist Janet Fitchen, which examines the increasing movement of low-income people to rural communities drawn not necessarily by labor market forces, but by the characteristics and amenities found in rural towns. This study adds to that literature by focusing on the ways in which public housing availability, changes in housing policy, and rural economic restructuring create opportunities for low-income families to relocate from urban to rural communities in search of affordable housing. Data collected from an ethnographic sample addressed the following questions: (1) what motivates individuals and families to leave their urban neighborhoods and relocate to rural towns and (2) what challenges do individuals and families have in sustaining stable housing in rural communities? Two main sets of literature relevant to this discussion include studies of patterns of residential mobility and explanations of rural economic restructuring. Both form the conceptual approach of this article by offering a framework to better understand the housing choices and behaviors of low-income families and the contexts in which these actions are situated. Language: en
Sharing Resources: Benefits Of University Partnerships To Improve Teaching, Learning And Research

Today, many higher educational institutions are forward thinking about promoting strategic initiatives by establishing partnerships with other universities nationally and internationally. Being financial and academically savvy, universities are reaching out to meet the demands of public interests in different types of college programs and improving management processes at the university (Kruss, 2005). When universities share their human and non-human services and resources with a partner university, these universities could create effective ways to leverage more of their resources economically. The researcher will discuss the overall benefits of university partnering with another university, partnership processes, and effective communication and goal settings as partners, effective planning, international partnership benefits, and collaboration in project research, the importance of innovation and technology and evaluation of partnership objectives. University partnerships could improve many aspects of universities including, but not limited to, academic course offerings, economic status with gained support, social cross-culture advantage, political interest and support and create an environment that improves the quality of teaching, learning and research using technology.
Relative roles of signals upstream of AAUAAA and promoter proximity in regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mRNA 3' end formation.

Abstract At least two mechanisms have been implicated in regulating poly(A) site use in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1): inhibition of basal signals within 500 nucleotides (nt) of the cap site, leading to specific suppression of the 5' poly(A) site, and stimulation of basal signals by long terminal repeat U3 sequences, leading to specific activation of the 3' poly(A) site. We determined the relative contributions of these mechanisms in a HeLa cell transcription/processing reaction and by transient transfection analysis. In vitro, the efficiency of basal signals is equivalent close to (270 nt) and far from (1,080 nt) the promoter and is stimulated at least 30-fold in both positions by upstream U3 sequences. In vivo, U3 sequences also enhance processing at both positions. There are two additional effects when the poly(A) site is close to the cap site: at least a 15-fold reduction in total RNA levels and a 5-fold decrease in relative levels of RNA processed at the HIV-1 site in constructs containing U3. Both effects are overcome by insertion of upstream splicing signals in an orientation-dependent manner. Splicing appears to influence poly(A)+ RNA levels by two distinct mechanisms: stabilizing nuclear transcripts and directly stimulating 3' end formation. It is proposed that upstream elements play major roles in regulating poly(A) site choice and in controlling the subsequent fate of polyadenylated RNA. The impact of these findings on mechanisms of mRNA biogenesis in the HIV-1 provirus is discussed.
Aspects of the cosmic microwave background dipole

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments generally infer a temperature fluctuation from a measured intensity fluctuation through the first term in the Taylor expansion of the Planck function, the relation between the intensity in a given frequency and the temperature. However, with the forthcoming Planck satellite, and perhaps even with the Microwave Anisotropy Probe, the CMB-dipole amplitude will be large enough to warrant inclusion of the next higher order term. To quadratic order in the dipole amplitude, there is an intensity quadrupole induced by the dipole with a frequency dependence given by the second derivative of the Planck function. The Planck satellite should be able to detect this dipole-induced intensity quadrupole and distinguish it through its frequency dependence from the intrinsic CMB temperature and foreground quadrupoles. This higher-order effect provides a robust pre-determined target that may provide tests of Planck's and MAP's large-angle-fluctuation measurements and of their techniques for multifrequency foreground subtraction.
Jahn–Teller distortions, cation ordering and octahedral tilting in perovskites

In transition metal oxides, preferential occupation of specific d orbitals on the transition metal ion can lead to the development of a long-range ordered pattern of occupied orbitals. This phenomenon, referred to as orbital ordering, is usually observed indirectly from the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortions (CJTDs) that result as a consequence of the orbital ordering. This paper examines the interplay between orbital ordering, octahedral tilting and cation ordering in perovskites. Both ternary AMX(3) perovskites containing an active Jahn-Teller (J-T) ion on the octahedral site and quaternary A(2)MM'X(6) perovskites containing a J-T ion on one-half of the octahedral sites have been examined. In AMX(3) perovskites, the tendency is for the occupied 3d(3x2-r2) and 3d(3z2-r2) orbitals to order in the ac plane, as exemplified by the crystal structures of LaMnO(3) and KCuF(3). This arrangement maintains a favorable coordination environment for the anion sites. In AMX(3) perovskites, octahedral tilting tends to enhance the magnitude of the J-T distortions. In A(2)MM'X(6) perovskites, the tendency is for the occupied 3d(3z2-r2) orbitals to align parallel to the c axis. This pattern maintains a favorable coordination environment about the symmetric M'-cation site. The orbital ordering found in rock-salt ordered A(2)MM'X(6) perovskites is compatible with octahedral rotations about the c axis (Glazer tilt system a(0)a(0)c(-)) but appears to be incompatible with GdFeO(3)-type octahedral tilting (tilt system a(-)b(+)a(-)).
Discovery and Assembly-Line Biosynthesis of the Lymphostin Pyrroloquinoline Alkaloid Family of mTOR Inhibitors in Salinispora Bacteria

The pyrroloquinoline alkaloid family of natural products, which includes the immunosuppressant lymphostin, has long been postulated to arise from tryptophan. We now report the molecular basis of lymphostin biosynthesis in three marine Salinispora species that maintain conserved biosynthetic gene clusters harboring a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase that is central to lymphostin assembly. Through a series of experiments involving gene mutations, stable isotope profiling, and natural product discovery, we report the assembly-line biosynthesis of lymphostin and nine new analogues that exhibit potent mTOR inhibitory activity.
The evaluation of automatic retrieval procedures : Selected test results using the SMART system

The generation of effective methods for the evaluation of information retrieval systems and techniques is becoming increasingly important as more and more systems are designed and implemented. The present report deals with the evaluation of a variety of automatic indexing and retrieval procedures incorporated into the SMART automatic document retrieval system. The design of the SMART system is first briefly reviewed. The document file, search requests, and other parameters affecting the evaluation system are then examined in detail, and the measures used to assess the effectiveness of the retrieval performance are described. The main test results are given and tentative conclusions are reached concerning the design of fully automatic information systems.
Biotin-Binding Proteins in Chicken Eggs and the Biotin Requirements of Chicken Embryos

Abstract In addition to avidin in albumen, chicken eggs contain another biotin-binding protein in yolk. The amounts of these two proteins were monitored in the eggs of nine broiler breeder hens over a several month period. Although the hens were of the same stock and age, fed the same diet, and housed together, there was a two to threefold range in the amounts of these proteins in eggs from different hens. The average binding capacity of avidin for the eggs from single hens ranged from .70 to 2.16 μg biotin/ml of albumen while that for biotin-binding protein ranged from .22 to .50 μg biotin/ml of yolk. There was only a weak correlation between the amounts of the two proteins in different eggs from a single hen and no correlation in the average amounts of the two proteins in the eggs from different hens. The biotin-binding protein content of egg yolk is related to the nutritionally determined biotin requirements for hatchability in chicken and may be a predictor of biotin requirements for hatchability in other avian species.
Option arbitrage and strategy with large price changes

Abstract Arbitrage pricing theorems are derived for options on stocks with jumps as a well as local movements. The resulting valuation formulas depend on observable variables only. Closed-form valuation expressions are obtained in the case of large positive and negative jumps. These results translate into a simple algebra for characterizing the risk of arbitrage and investment portfolios. A continuous-time formulation of the infinite variance hypothesis leads to isomorphic pricing expressions.