cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron induced molecular desorption from electron clouds at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Molecular desorption coefficients from electron bombardment of the warm Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider beam pipe are derived from measurements for both baked and unbaked stainless steel. For this, we analyze electron detector and pressure gauge signals in the presence of an electron cloud. Finally, we present a comparison between the measured and simulated energy spectrum of the cloud electrons.
Personality Dysfunction and Lateralized Deficits in Cerebral Functions as Measured by the MMPI and Reitan-Halstead Battery

Previous research using the MMPI has failed to show personality differences between right and left hemispheric brain-damaged patients. The purposes of the present study were, first to determine whether lateralized deficits in cortical functioning as measured by neuropsychological testing are systematically associated with neurotic-psychotic distinctions on the MMPI. Secondly, we wished to determine the strength of predictive association in the relationship between lateralized functional deficits and personality organization. A localization key (Russell, et al., 1972) was applied to the "Reitan-Battery" test results for 94 patients who were referred for neuropsychological testing. Based on this approach, 15 pairs of patients were selected who were "left" or "right" hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of test performance. Pairs were matched for age and "average impairment rating" (Russell, et al., 1972). Their MMPIs were also designated "neurotic" or "psychotic" using the Goldberg Psychotic Index (Goldberg, 1972). The results suggest that patients with deficits in left hemisphere functions tend to score in the psychotic range and patients with deficits in right hemispheric functions tend to score in the neurotic range of the MMPI Goldberg Index. In this set of data there was a 38% reduction in error of predicting neurotic-psychotic category but knowing whether the patient was left or right hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of neuropsychological tests.
Vocational Interests of Career and Homemaker Oriented Women.

Abstract Women who had completed the SVIB-W as freshmen in college were contacted 13 to 21 years later and were classified as career ( N = 236) or homemaker ( N = 527) oriented on the basis of their actual work experiences. Significant differences between the groups were found on 25 of the 44 occupational scales, one of the three nonoccupational scales, and four of the 19 basic interest scales. The interests of the homemaker oriented women were more similar to the interests of women in business, nonprofessional, and home economics occupations while the interests of the career oriented women were more similar to the interests of women in the verbal-linguistic, verbal scientific, and scientific occupations. The results are discussed in terms of previous research and Holland's Occupational Classification system.
On the interplanetary magnetic field By control of substorm bulge expansion

[1] We investigate the azimuthal expansion/motion of auroral bulges in 27 large substorms using global auroral images acquired from the ultraviolet imager on board the Polar spacecraft. The region of each auroral bulge is first isolated using a region-growing image processing technique and the location of the auroral bulge is calculated and represented by its luminosity centroid position. It is found that eastward moving auroral bulges are as common as westward moving ones during the substorm expansion phase for the events studied. To exploit the possible cause of the east-west auroral bulge motion, we further correlate the azimuthal velocity of the auroral bulges with the dawn-dusk component (y-component in geocentric solar magnetic coordinates) of propagated interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data from the Wind spacecraft. It is found that the centroid of the bulges during the expansion phase tends to move in the same direction as the y-component of IMF. We suggest that the asymmetry in the global magnetospheric/ionospheric convection associated with a nonzero value of IMF By may be the cause of the azimuthal motion of auroral bulge.
Histomorphometry of the porcine scleral lamina cribrosa surface

The lamina cribrosa surface of the pig was examined using trypsin digestion, scanning electron microscopy, and computerized image analysis. Six normal eyes from healthy pigs were studied. The total intralaminar scan area, total number of laminar pores, median individual laminar pore areas, median individual pore form factors, and mean pore density were determined for the dorsal, ventral, nasal and temporal hemicircles, the dorsal-nasal, dorsal-temporal, ventral-nasal, and ventral-temporal quadrants, and their central and peripheral subdivisions. The mean (+/- SD) total intralaminar scan area was 8.29 +/- 1.54 mm2. The mean (+/- SD) total laminar pore count was 517 +/- 73 pores. The mean pore count was significantly larger in the ventral than the dorsal hemicircle (292 +/- 39 vs. 225 +/- 38 pores, respectively; P = 0.001), and significantly greater in the periphery compared to the center (388 +/- 58 vs. 129 +/- 27 pores, respectively; P = 0.0001). The overall mean (+/- SD) pore density was 67 +/- 7 pores mm-2. Mean pore density was significantly greater in the ventral than the dorsal hemicircle (70 +/- 8 vs. 64 +/- 6 pores mm-2, respectively; P = 0.019), and significantly greater in the center compared to the periphery (75 +/- 9 vs. 60 +/- 8 pores mm-2, respectively; P = 0.020). The mean (+/- SD) median individual pore area was 3752 +/- 572 mm2. The mean (+/- SD) median pore form factor was 0.680 +/- 0.035. No significant regional differences were found in mean median pore form factor or mean median individual pore areas. The intralaminar optic nerve of pigs is 55.1% non-neural connective and vascular tissue. A pigmented ventral fascial groove in the scleral lamina cribrosa appears unique to the porcine lamina cribrosa, and may be a vestige of the embryonic optic fissure.
String editing on an SIMD hypercube multicomputer

SIMD hypercube algorithms for determining a minimum cost edit sequence to transform one string into another are developed. If the two strings are of length n, our algorithms take O(√(n log n)p + log2n) time when n2p, 1 ≤ p ≤ n, processors are available. When p2, n log n ≤ p2 < n2, processors are available, the complexity of our algorithm is O((n1.5p) √log n).
A Model of Information Processing in Performance Evaluation

Raters cannot be expected to, nor do they wish to, pay full attention to all performance-related cues when judging ratees’ performance; in some instances, they may instead rely on preexisting attit...
Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Serotonin and Effects of Certain Serotonin Antagonists

Serotonin was the most potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor studied in an experimental preparation in which drugs injected into the pulmonary artery are temporarily excluded from the systemic circulation. Alterations in bronchomotor tone did not approach those produced by acetylcholine. Simultaneous systemic vascular or cardiac reflexes were not noted. Promethazine, LSD-25 and its 2-brom derivative were potent blockers of serotonin effects in the pulmonary circulation.
INTERPRETABLE AND NONINTERPRETABLE FEMALE-MALE SCORE DIFFERENCES ON SELECTED STRONG-CAMPBELL INTEREST INVENTORY OCCUPATIONAL SCALES

Summary.-This study classified the differences between scores based on female norms (same-sex scores) and scores based on male norms (other-sex scores) on 12 Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory Occupational Scales in a sample of 87 college women. The same- and other-sex score differences were classified as interpretable (of practical use in guidance) if one score indicated interests similar to those of persons working in the occupation and the other score indicated interests dissimilar to those persons' interesrs. The score differences were classified as noninterpretable if both scores indicated similar interests or both scores indicated dissimilar interests. There were 224 interpretable score differences on the 12 scales and 820 noninterpremble score differences. These findings were related to the practice of interpreting othersex scores on Strong-Campbell Interesc lnventory Occupational Scales. There are 77 Occupational Scales on the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory for which scores based on norms for females and scores based on norms for males are reported on the profile sheet (Campbell & Hansen, 1981). Counselors often interpret scores based on other-sex norms (other-sex scores) to increase the number of occupations their clients might consider. The problem with that practice is that the meaning of other-sex scores is not well understood; only a limited amount of normative informarion (Dolliver, 1981) and validity information (Dolliver & Worthington, 1981) is available. Continued normative and validity research on other-sex scores is needed to help counselors better understand what those scores mean. One type of normative information thar would be helpful is the extent that other-sex and same-sex scores have the same meaning, i.e., both scores indicating either interests similar to or dissimilar to those of persons working in the occupations. Also, tiis normative information would indicate the extent chat other-sex and same-sex scores do not have the same meaning, i.e., one score indicating interests that are similar to persons working in the occupation and the ocher score indicating interests that are dissimilar to interests of chose persons. The present analysis recorded the frequencies of other-sex and samesex score differences that have and do not have the same meaning for a sample of college women.
Patterns of succinoxidase, cytochrome oxidase, nucleic acids and other constituents in mammary glands of pregnant and lactating rats☆

Abstract Succinoxidase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in the mammary glands of rats during their first pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Activity was related to the fresh, dry, and defatted dry weight of tissue, as well as to the content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and total nitrogen (TN). No significant change in per cent water occurs during pregnancy, but by late lactation, a significant increase in water content over that of late pregnancy or parturition occurs. During lactation, there is also progressive and significant decrease in per cent fat. Total nitrogen concentration per unit fresh weight rises steadily from early pregnancy to late lactation. The elevation in deoxynucleic acid content per unit fresh or dry weight during lactation only slightly exceeds increase in mass of parenchymal tissue. Succinoxidase and cytochrome oxidase activity change little during pregnancy. At parturition, marked rises occur, particularly relative to DNA. For the first few days after parturition, there are no appreciable changes, but thereafter slow and steady rises lead to elevated activities based on fresh, dry, or defatted dry weight. Expressed on a DNA or nitrogen basis, succinoxidase still showed an enhancement, but cytochrome oxidase remained unchanged.
Investigating Elderly Sibling Types, Relational Maintenance, and Lifespan Affect, Cognition, and Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine elderly sibling types' use of relational maintenance behaviors and their impact on relational quality (i.e., the frequency and positivity of sibling affect, behaviors, and cognition). Participants were 184 individuals older than 65 years of age who reported on their relationship with a living sibling. Results indicated that (a) elderly siblings use (in descending order) the positivity, tasks, conflict management, assurances, advice, networks, and openness relational maintenance behaviors with their siblings; (b) elderly sibling types differ in their use of relational maintenance behaviors and (c) most of these behaviors are related positively to perceptions of relational quality. Future research should examine elderly sibling types from multiple sibling perspectives.
Chronic Ethanol Treatment Alters Brain Levels of γ‐Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Subunit mRNAs: Relationship to Genetic Differences in Ethanol Withdrawal Seizure Severity

Chronic ethanol treatment is known to alter the function of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) benzodiazepine receptor complex. To determine if genetic differences in development of ethanol dependence are related to expression of GABAA receptor subunits, we measured whole brain levels of mRNA for the alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 6, gamma 2s, gamma 2L, and gamma 3 receptor subunits in withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant (WSP and WSR, respectively) mice fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or a control diet. Brain poly(A)+ RNA was converted to cDNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using primers conserved among GABAA receptor subunits. Quantification was carried out by densitometric analysis of Southern blots generated using subunit-specific probes. Chronic ethanol treatment decreased the content of alpha 1 mRNA in WSP but not WSR mice and decreased the content of alpha 6 mRNA in WSR but not WSP mice. The content of gamma 3 mRNA was increased by chronic ethanol in both lines. In untreated mice, the WSP line had lower levels of alpha 3 and alpha 6 mRNA than the WSR line. Thus, a decrease in the content of alpha 1 mRNA is most clearly linked with development of withdrawal signs, although the amounts of alpha 6 and alpha 3 may also be important in the genetic differences between WSP and WSR mice. In contrast, levels of mRNA for gamma 2S and gamma 2L subunits do not appear to be altered in ethanol dependence.
Ultralong continuously tunable parametric delays via a cascading discrete stage.

We report experimental demonstration of an all-optical continuously tunable delay line based on parametric mixing with a total delay range of 7.34 μs. The bit-error rate performance of the delay line was characterized for a 10-Gb/s NRZ data channel. This result is enabled by cascading a discrete delay line that consists of 16 wavelength-dependent delays and a continuously tunable delay stage. Four wavelength conversion stages based on four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides were performed in order to achieve wavelength-preserving operation. The wavelength-optimized optical phase conjugation scheme employed in the delay line is capable of minimizing the residual dispersion for the entire tuning range.
Effect of Microstructure and Chemical Bonding on the Adhesion Strength of a Silicon/Polymer Interface for Microelectronic Packaging Applications

Interface reinforcement brought about by addition of a γ-amino-propyl-triethoxy-silane (γ-APS) adhesion promoter layer between a silicon wafer and a spun-on benzocyclobutene polymer (BCB) is investigated. Combining cross-sectional TEM and XPS, crack growth is shown to occur along the γ-APS/BCB interface. Ion etching and in-situ XPS are further employed to study chain orientation and chemical bonding variations through the silane layer. A tendency of the amide group to orient away from the wafer is documented and Si-O-Si siloxane bonding at the γ- APS/SiO2 interface is hypothesized as an important mechanism for adhesion strength enhancement.
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's "Spiral of Silence" and the Historical Context of Communication Theory.

To reach into the darkness to find the Jew who is hiding behind the Chicago Daily News is like sticking your hand into a wasp's nest. When you receive forty simultaneous stings, you stop paying attention to the individual wasps. [In the United States], Jews write the newspapers, own them, and have close to a monopoly over the advertising agencies that open and close the doors to advertisingfor each newspaper. They control thefilm industry, own the big radio stations and all the theaters. Due to their cleverness, Jew journalists are not the most noisy advocates for war [with Germany]. When they reachfor public opinion, they don't move as a group, but instead come from various directions…. The pure Jewish newspapen in America, as is commonly known, are The New York Times and The New York Post. But even there it [Jewish war propaganda] cannot be noticed immediately…. The truly powerful commentators camouflage their anti-German agenda through neutral-sounding writing. The most academic of these is Walter Lippmann, a Jew of German origin…. He is the most clever user of this neutral camouflage, who shrewdly brings his readers to the conclusion that America is surrounded on all sides. He is a spokesmanfor high finance who was once an opponent of Roosevelt, [but] who now supports intervention without reservation…. (Elisabeth Noelle, 1941e, pp. 6–71
The effect of prandtl number on the wall shear stress in vertical mixed convection flows

Analyse des caracteristiques d'un ecoulement de convection mixte verticale a flux de chaleur impose et limite par des parois. La correction de premier ordre a apporter a la contrainte de cisaillement en surface est discutee en fonction du nombre de Prandtl. Une explication physique des valeurs du nombre de Prandtl est donnee
Initial test of the seattle asthma severity and control questionnaire: a multidimensional assessment of asthma severity and control.

Background The Seattle Asthma Severity and Control Questionnaire (SASCQ) was designed as a short, sensitive, and quantitative measure of asthma severity, impairment, and risk. Objectives To evaluate the distribution of responses to the SASCQ in a diverse asthma population and to determine whether the questionnaire is associated with other measures of asthma severity and control. Methods A cross-sectional study of 188 asthmatic patients was conducted in a large academic primary care network. Asthma severity was confirmed in a subgroup of 44 patients by means of an in-person interview and lung function measurement. Results The SASCQ score had a nearly normal distribution across the heterogeneous population and less of a floor effect than the number of asthma-free days. The SASCQ score showed a higher symptom burden in the mildest asthmatic patients compared with nonasthmatic controls. Asthma severity evaluated using the questionnaire was correlated with asthma severity evaluated by means of in-person interview and with controller medication class. The SASCQ score was associated with primary care visits for asthma, emergency department treatment for asthma, days missed from work, and confidence to control asthma symptoms; the associations between these measures of impairment and risk were all stronger for the SASCQ score than for asthma-free days. Conclusions The SASCQ is a quantitative measure of asthma that accurately discriminates between established levels of asthma severity and that is associated with other measures of asthma control and risk.
Group Theory via Global Semigroup Theory

Abstract Groups are shown to be special homomorphic images of inverse semigroups that are residually finite (actually: every element has only finitely many elements ⩾ j -above). This also leads to a new approach to the Burnside problem. These results extend an earlier paper ( J. C. Birget and J. Rhodes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 32 (1984) , 249–287), but can be read independently. Our goal here is not so much to prove theorems about inverse semigroups as to demonstrate the usefulness of the constructions of J. C. Birget and J. Rhodes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 32 (1984) , 249–287.
Molecular mechanisms of microheterogeneity-induced defect formation in ferritin crystallization.

We apply in situ atomic force microscopy to the crystallization of ferritins from solutions containing ≈5% (w/w) of their inherent molecular dimers. Molecular resolution imaging shows that the dimers consist of two bound monomers. The constituent monomers are likely partially denatured, resulting in increased hydrophobicity of the dimer surface. Correspondingly, the dimers strongly adsorb on the crystal surface. The adsorbed dimers hinder step growth and on incorporation by the crystal initiate stacks of up to 10 triple and single vacancies in the subsequent crystal layers. The molecules around the vacancies are shifted by ≈0.1 molecular dimensions from their crystallographic positions. The shifts strain the lattice and, as a consequence, at crystal sizes > 200 μm, the accumulated strain is resolved by a plastic deformation whereupon the crystal breaks into mosaic blocks 20–50 μm in size. The critical size for the onset of mosaicity is similar for ferritin and apoferritin and close to the value for a third protein, lysozyme; it also agrees with theoretical predictions. Trapped microcrystals in ferritin and apoferritin induce strain with a characteristic length scale equal to that of a single point defect, and, as a consequence, trapping does not contribute to the mosaicity. The sequence of undesired phenomena that include heterogeneity generation, adsorption, incorporation, and the resulting lattice strain and mosaicity in this and other proteins systems, could be avoided by improved methods to separate similar proteins species (microheterogeneity) or by increasing the biochemical stability of the macromolecules against oligomerization. Proteins 2001;43:343–352. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phase transitions in arrays of Josephson junctions

Abstract When the coupling energies of the elements of a large array of Josephson junctions are of order the thermal energy kT, a transition from the resistive normal state to an ordered low-resistance state occurs. In the absence of external magnetic field, the Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex-unbinding picture describes this transition. Relevant experiments and their detailed theoretical interpretation will be reviewed. The presence of an external magnetic field introduces interesting new features, such as giving the resistance a complex periodic dependence on the flux per unit cell. Although this regime is less completely understood than the field-free one, it is clear that the transition is substantially modified. Recent experimental and theoretical results in this regime will be discussed, as will prospects for future work.
Efficient Component Labeling on SIMD Mesh Processors

A new component labeling algorithm for SIMD meshes is presented whose time complexity is O(frac{{n^2 }} {{p^2 }} + n) for an n ? n image on a p ? p mesh. The algorithm is efficient in terms of total work for p leqslant n^{frac{1} {2}} . It was evaluated on a MasPar MP-1 with 1K processors and 64KB of memory per processor. For most of the 1K ? 1K size test inputs, our algorithm is faster than a neighbor updating algorithm that is extremely simple but asymptotically slower on images of large diameter.
The lipophilic peptides and proteins of brain. III. Difference between brain and peripheral nerve.

Abstract The respective neurosclerin contents of mouse, monkey, and cat brain were determined and compared with the amounts obtained from the sciatic nerve of the corresponding species. These values were related to the cerebroside content of the tissues. In all three species the neurosclerin content of brain exceeds that of the sciatic several fold, leading to widely divergent neurosclerin to cerebroside and neurosclerin to cholesterol ratios. In lobster leg nerves which lack myelin, the presence of a fraction homologous to the sciatic neurosclerin fraction was shown. The relationship of these findings to the proteolipids is discussed. It is suggested that neurosclerin probably represents a highly lipophilic membrane protein whose relationship to myelin proteins is as yet obscure.
The Gambia's “Elected Autocrat Poverty, Peripherality, and Political Instability,” 1994–2006: A Political Economy Assessment

This article assesses “democratization” under military and quasimilitary regimes in the Gambia following the 1994 coup d'etat until 2006. The “transition” program back to “civilian” rule in 1996, t...
Rotational bands on two-particle configurations with Kn=Kp=12

Abstract Low-lying energy levels in the odd deformed nucleus 170Tm are studied by means of Coulomb excitation with heavy ions and by the 169Tm(d, p)170Tm reaction. The results are analysed in terms of the rotational model withassumption of two rotational K=1 and K=0 bands coupled by Coriolis interaction. The 150 keV splitting between the two bands is found to be predominantly due to the neutron-proton residual force. The sequence of levels in the ground state K=1 rotational band is proposed. As a part of this experiment, the Coulomb excitation of 170Yb has also been studied. The following members of the ground state rotational band are seen: 84(2+), 278(4+) and 567 keV (6+). The intrinsic quadrupole moment, Q 0 ( 170 Yb ) , obtained from this measurement is 7.40±0.40 b. The Q-value for the 169Tm(d, p)170Tm reaction is measured to be 4420±20 keV.
Helical plating of the proximal humerus

The ideal treatment for fractures of the proximal humerus has not been definitively agreed upon. Several recent reports have described a technique of helical plating for proximal humeral fractures, in which the proximal plate is placed laterally on the greater tuberosity, and spirals 90 degrees distally to lie on the anterior surface of the humeral shaft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of helical plating using a less invasive surgical approach and placing screws percutaneously in the distal plate. Dissection of 10 cadaveric upper extremity specimens was performed, using an extended anterolateral acromial approach followed by percutaneous helical plating. With the plate secured, the neurovascular structures which crossed the anterior humerus superficial to the plate were exposed and identified. Only the musculocutaneous nerve crossed anterior to the plate and was at risk for percutaneous screw placement. The nerve location was found in a consistent location among the specimens. The danger zone for the nerve location was found to be at an average of 13.5 cm from the greater tuberosity (99% CI: 12.2-14.8 cm). Though clinical experience is necessary to validate this plating technique, it appears that avoiding this danger zone in which the musculocutaneous nerve crosses will allow safe percutaneous screw placement and permit minimally invasive plating of these fractures.
Relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies and progression of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease after lower extremity bypass operations

Abstract Purpose: Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs), which consist of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLs) or lupus anticoagulant (LA), are associated with venous thrombosis, stroke, and cardiac events. Although they are present in many patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease (LEAOD), the relationship between APL and the progression of LEAOD has not been reported. A comparison of progression of LEAOD as determined with direct imaging studies in patients with and without APL forms the basis for this report. Methods: APL+ patients (immunoglobulin M [IgM] or IgA or IgG ACL > 3 SD units above control mean or positive LA) who underwent lower extremity bypass grafting between January 1990 and June 1999 (n = 79) were compared with an APL control group (n = 68). Members of the study and control groups were similar with respect to age, procedure, sex, length of follow-up, and multiple atherosclerosis risk factors. Progression of LEAOD was determined by comparing preoperative arteriograms with postoperative imaging studies (arteriograms or duplex scanning). External iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries were graded as Results: The mean follow-up period was 31 months for APL+ and 35 months for APL– patients ( P = not significant). Progression of LEAOD occurred in 58 (73%) of 79 APL+ patients and in 25 (37%) of 68 APL– patients ( P P P P P P Conclusion: In this study, the presence of APL in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass operations was a significant independent risk factor for progression of LEAOD. We conclude that this patient group should be closely monitored in the postoperative period and appears ideally suited for prospective studies of therapies to modify LEAOD progression. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:976-82.)
Modeling the Performance of Single-Bit and Multi-Bit Quanta Image Sensors

Imaging performance metrics of single-bit and multi-bit photo-electron-counting quanta image sensors (QIS) are analyzed using Poisson arrival statistics. Signal and noise as a function of exposure are determined. The D-log H characteristic of single-bit sensors including overexposure latitude is quantified. Linearity and dynamic range are also investigated. Read-noise-induced bit-error rate is analyzed and a read-noise target of less than 0.15 e-rms is suggested.
Beet curly top virus transmission by artificially fed and injected beet leafhoppers (Circulfer tenellus)

SUMMARY The transmission of beet curly top virus (BCTV) by leafhoppers, Circulifer tenellus, fed virus through Parafilm® membranes was compared with their transmission when injected with virus from phloem exudates of Amsinckia douglasiana. Virus uptake from 32P-labelled test solutions and the resulting virus transmission, as measured by an infectivity index, varied widely. By contrast, insects injected with virus transmitted with similar efficiencies. If insects were fasted for 3, 5, or 7 h before a 6 h acquisition access period on test solutions, their 32P, and presumably virus uptake, was greater than that of nonfasted insects and their variability in virus transmission decreased. The proportion of insects transmitting curly top virus, after fasting and given a 6 h acquisition access period, was similar to that of insects injected with virus. Maximum liquid uptake by the beet leafhopper occurred with a 12% sucrose solution.
Acute Changes in Left Ventricular Volume and Contractility during Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Complete Heart Block

To determine whether changes in preload and contractility may account for clinical improvement in patients with complete heart block (CHB) when the ventricular rate is increased by pacing, 10 hemodynamic studies were performed in nine patients with CHB. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) was measured before and during pacing by the dye-dilution and the angiographic techniques. Changes in contractility were assessed from the first derivative of ventricular pressure divided by a common peak isovolumic pressure (CPIP) to correct for afterload and by EDV to correct for preload. EDV decreased during pacing, the mean value decreasing from 242 to 180 ml (P < 0.001). Since the left ventricular dp/dt is influenced by afterload and preload, improvement in contractility indices was consistent only after allowances were made for changes in aortic diastolic pressure and EDV. The mean dp/dt/CPIP divided by EDV increased from 0.120 to 0.160 (P < 0.005). The mean left ventricular enddiastolic pressure decreased ...
Normobaric Measurement of Arterial Oxygen Tension in Subjects Exposed to Hyperbaric Oxygen

This study demonstrates the ability of an automated blood gas analyzer (Radiometer ABL 330) operated at atmospheric pressure to measure the arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2 ) of ten healthy volunteers exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO 2 ) up to 3.0 atmospheres absolute. Arterial blood samples were aspirated from subjects compressed in a single-person hyperbaric chamber and were analyzed immediately in the blood gas analyzer. The subjects' values for PaO 2 correlated with the calculated alveolar O 2 tension (PAO 2 ) (measured PaO 2 = 0.827×PAO 2 − 15.1) (r 2 = 0.97). Tonometric experiments indicated a difference between saline and blood PO 2 measurements. We therefore derived a correction factor for blood measurements (corrected PaO 2 = 0.908 × PAO 2 − 52.4) (r 2 = 0.98). These results compared favorably with PaO 2 measurements made with blood gas analyzers calibrated inside walk-in hyperbaric chambers. We conclude that the PaO 2 of normal subjects exposed to HBO 2 can be measured accurately at atmospheric pressure with this automated blood gas analyzer. Prior to this study, hyperbaric PaO 2 measurements could only be performed within walk-in chambers. Our observations generalize the normobaric measurement of hyperbaric PaO 2 to patients treated in single-person and walk-in chambers.
AIR PURIFICATION AND VAPOR RECOVERY BY PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION: A COMPARISON OF SILICALITE AND ACTIVATED CARBON

Air purification and vapor recovery by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) were experimentally investigated using the silicalite-DMMP-air system. The results from several cyclic steady-state PSA runs were compared at constant throughput with those from a previous study on the BPL activated carbon-DMMP-air system. The performance of BPL activated carbon was superior to that of silicalite because it demonstrated complete cleanup of the product effluent when starting from a saturated column, whereas, at similar process conditions, silicalite was able to cleanup only a portion of the product effluent. Nevertheless, both silicalite and BPL activated carbon respectively demonstrated enrichments (Ye/Yf ) of 12 and 15 using only moderate vacuum. However, there were significant differences in the shapes of the cyclic steady-state product and exhaust profiles which were attributed to differences in the 1) mass transfer rates, 2) adsorption capacities, or 3) possibly shapes of the adsorption isotherms.
Optimal use of ivig in a patient with Behçet syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency

BehEet syndrome may be complicated by the presence of an immunodeficiency disorder. This syndrome has been associated with thymoma with hypogammaglobulinemia, transient hypogammaglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency, Bruton agammaglobulinemia, Nezelof syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). 4–6 CVID is diagnosed on the criteria of a considerable reduction in levels of IgG and IgA and possibly IgM when compared with an age-matched population and impaired or absent specific antibody production. 7 A key symptom in most cases is recurrent sinopulmonary infections, but additional features, such as gastrointestinal infectious or inflammatory disease, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoimmune diseases, are not uncommon. 8 The coexistence of BehEet syndrome and CVID in a single patient has been only reported twice in the literature. One instance describes treatment using IVIG at suboptimal low-dose replacement therapy (200 mg/kg).
A new search for the allowed decay π0→4γ

Abstract A new search with increased detection efficiency has been made for the decay of the neutral pion into four photons, an allowed decay which is expected to be rare. We have observed no events, placing an upper limit on the branching ratio of 4.4 × 10−6 at 90% confidence level.
Group Creativity in Interaction: Collaborative Referencing, Remembering, and Bridging

Understanding collective creativity is crucial for advancing the general study of human creativity as well as for guiding the design of creativity support tools for small teams and larger collectivities. In this article, we present a qualitative case study of collective creativity online, derived from an analysis of collaborative interactions of virtual teams of students working in the field of mathematics. We examine group creative activity broadly, ranging from the micro-level co-construction of novel resources for team problem solving to the evolutionary reuse of ideas and solution strategies across teams. Our analysis focuses on describing the relationship between the dynamics of creative work present in a single collaborative episode of an online group and their evolution across time and across collectivities. Our analysis indicates that the synergy between these two types of interactions and the resulting creative engagement of the teams relies on three fundamental processes: (a) indexical referenci...
Nanofiller Modification of Phase Stability in PS/PMMA Blends

The effect of nanoparticles on the phase stability of an immiscible PS/PMMA blend was studied in thin film samples. Using AFM and selective dissolution we find that nanoparticles affect the domain evolution of the polymer blend. Annealing of the pure PS/PMMA blend at 190 °C leads to PS drops that protrude from the PMMA surface. Films containing the nanoparticles show similar surface features but these features become less regular and tend to get shallower and larger as the amount of nanoparticles increases. The characteristic length of the PS drops in the pure blend film is ∼ 7 microns and they cover 22 % of the surface. The corresponding numbers for the film containing 10% nanoparticles are 15 microns and 65%, respectively.
PBmice: an integrated database system of piggyBac (PB) insertional mutations and their characterizations in mice

DNA transposon piggyBac (PB) is a newly established mutagen for large-scale mutagenesis in mice. We have designed and implemented an integrated database system called PBmice (PB Mutagenesis Information CEnter) for storing, retrieving and displaying the information derived from PB insertions (INSERTs) in the mouse genome. This system is centered on INSERTs with information including their genomic locations and flanking genomic sequences, the expression levels of the hit genes, and the expression patterns of the trapped genes if a trapping vector was used. It also archives mouse phenotyping data linked to INSERTs, and allows users to conduct quick and advanced searches for genotypic and phenotypic information relevant to a particular or a set of INSERT(s). Sequence-based information can be cross-referenced with other genomic databases such as Ensembl, BLAST and GBrowse tools used in PBmice offer enhanced search and display for additional information relevant to INSERTs. The total number and genomic distribution of PB INSERTs, as well as the availability of each PB insertional LINE can also be viewed with user-friendly interfaces. PBmice is freely available at http://www.idmshanghai.cn/PBmice or http://www.scbit.org/PBmice/.
Toxicity of pesticides to Tamarixia radiata , a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid

Sixteen pesticides including two fungi- cides were evaluated for toxicity to adult Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Percentage mor- tality data were evaluated to generally assess IPM- compatibility of the pesticides with adult parasitoids. The following were found to be least compatible with (most toxic to) adult T. radiata based on the toxicity of direct sprays and potential long residual life on leaves: carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and fenpropathrin. Although highly toxic to the parasitoid as direct sprays or freshly dried residues, each of the following was more compatible with T. radiata because the toxicity of residues of these pesticides was either low at one to three days after application or relatively non-persis- tent: abamectin, chenopodium oil, fenpyroximate, and spirotetramat. Depending on environmental conditions, imidacloprid (foliar-applied), phosmet, pyridaben, sulfur and 435 spray oil might also be somewhat more compatible for the same reasons. The pesticides that consistently appeared to be most compatible with T. radiata were aluminum tris, copper hydroxide, diflubenzuron, and kaolin clay (Surround WP).
Cascaded Control for Regulating Soot Geometry in Vapor-Phase Axial Deposition

The development of a cascaded feedback control strategy for a vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD) process is investigated in this paper. VAD is a widely used process in the creation of high purity glass for optical fiber. In previous work a soot tip surface temperature controller was developed for the VAD process to reduce the effects of core soot temperature variation on deposition, leading to a more stable process. However, this approach did not address the need to regulate and link the deposition rates of the core and clad torches. To maintain a constant distance between the core and clad deposition surfaces, it is desired to have the core soot and clad soot depositing at the same linear speed to provide a more uniform product. This paper presents the design and development of a cascaded controller strategy and process model to couple and regulate the surface temperature and deposition rates of core and clad soot. Simulations for the process and control scheme demonstrate a potential improvement in the uniformity of the core and clad soot geometry over the soot product length.
Image segmentation using local variation

We present a new graph-theoretic approach to the problem of image segmentation. Our method uses local criteria and yet produces results that reflect global properties of the image. We develop a framework that provides specific definitions of what it means for an image to be under- or over-segmented. We then present an efficient algorithm for computing a segmentation that is neither under- nor over-segmented according to these definitions. Our segmentation criterion is based on intensity differences between neighboring pixels. An important characteristic of the approach is that it is able to preserve detail in low-variability regions while ignoring detail in high-variability regions, which we illustrate with several examples on both real and synthetic images.
Feasibility of a nurse-run asthma education program for urban African-Americans: a pilot study.

The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of implementing and evaluating a culturally appropriate in-patient asthma education program specifically targeted for African-Americans. A consecutive sample of 28 African-American patients ages 18–50 who were hospitalized for asthma were randomized to an intervention group, which received three one-on-one sessions on chronic asthma management, or a control group, which received the usual care. Data on symptom frequency, self-management behaviors, quality of life, depression, and health care resource use were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Although the time required to recruit our sample took longer than anticipated, 28 subjects agreed to be in the study (70% acceptance rate) and complete the baseline interview. We observed no statistically significant differences from baseline or changing trends in frequency of asthma symptoms, self-management behaviors, and health care resource use between the intervention and control groups at 3 and...
Coupled processes in rock mass performance with emphasis on nuclear waste isolation

Driven by the needs of engineered underground systems, the field of rock mechanics is evolving to address the interactions of in situ mechanical, thermal, hydrologic, and chemical processes and their effects on system performance. Important technical issues include understanding how the relevant loads and gradients drive in situ processes; rock mass variability, discontinuity, and heterogeneity; process and parameter scale dependence; and the degree of coupling between processes. Major challenges include scaling information from short-duration laboratory tests up to long-term, full-scale system performance and the lack of experimental investigations or simulations of fully coupled thermal-mechanical-hydrologic-chemical behavior. Technical trends and opportunities that may benefit rock engineering include applied research in reactive geochemistry, information technology for measurement systems, and modeling and monitoring combined in an observational method to improve system performance.
Analysis of the Wind Field Evolution Associated with the Extratropical Transition of Bonnie (1998)

Abstract Extratropical transition brings about a number of environmentally induced structural changes within a transitioning tropical cyclone. Of particular interest among these changes is the acceleration of the wind field away from the cyclone’s center of circulation along with the outward movement of the radial wind maximum, together termed wind field expansion. Previous informal hypotheses aimed at understanding this evolution do not entirely capture the observed expansion, while a review of the literature shows no formal work done upon the topic beyond analyzing its occurrence. This study seeks to analyze the physical and dynamical mechanisms behind the wind field expansion using model simulations of a representative transition case, North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Bonnie of 1998. The acceleration of the wind field along the outer periphery of the cyclone is found to be a function of the net import of absolute angular momentum within the cyclone’s environment along inflowing trajectories. This evolut...
Developing a Sustainability Plan at a Large U.S. College of Education

Despite growing awareness of its importance, most sustainability education efforts in terti­ ary institutions do not significantly impact curricula. This paper details some of the activi­ ties and processes used to draft a sustainability strategic plan designed to address sustainability at the curricular level rather than merely the operational level within a large college of education at a large U.S. public university. The plan is also presented. Our goal was not to articulate a fixed policy but rather to produce a coherent plan that (1) fosters awareness and encourage people to join the effort and (2) readily accommodates input as more people become involved. The plan consists of three position statements, five broad recommenda­ tions and 20 specific actions aligned with the five recommendations. The hope is that our development processes, analyses and plan will be useful to other teacher education colleges and other groups with similar organisational structures interested in developing sustainability plans.
Finding Independent Sets in Unions of Perfect Graphs

The maximum independent set problem (MaxIS) on general graphs is known to be NP-hard to approximate within a factor of $n^{1-epsilon}$, for any $epsilon > 0$. However, there are many ``easy" classes of graphs on which the problem can be solved in polynomial time. In this context, an interesting question is that of computing the maximum independent set in a graph that can be expressed as the union of a small number of graphs from an easy class. The MaxIS problem has been studied on unions of interval graphs and chordal graphs. We study the MaxIS problem on unions of perfect graphs (which generalize the above two classes). We present an $O(sqrt{n})$-approximation algorithm when the input graph is the union of two perfect graphs. We also show that the MaxIS problem on unions of two comparability graphs (a subclass of perfect graphs) cannot be approximated within any constant factor.
RECOMBINATION OF HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAINS OF HUMAN γA-MYELOMA PROTEINS: FORMATION OF HYBRID MOLECULES AND CONFIGURATIONAL SPECIFICITY

The present studies demonstrate that the conditions necessary for reductive cleavage, isolation, and recombination of L and H polypeptide chains of human γA-myeloma globulins parallel those required for similar manipulation of the component chains of γG-globulin. Specificity of recombination was shown for chains derived from the same protein. In contrast, no intradass preferential recombination was demonstrable. Hybrid molecules, formed by reassociation of noncovalent bonds, could be synthesized from isolated chains of two immunoglobulin classes resulting in the formation of molecules of the type γA-H-γG-L and γG-H-γA-L. Several sera containing both γA- and γG-"monoclonal" peaks were studied, one of which demonstrated the L chains associated with both peaks to be identical both by electrophoretic mobility in acid-urea gel and antigenic analysis. The possibility is considered that this case represents a naturally occurring analogue of the artificially produced hybrid molecules described in this study. Configurational antigenic specificity of γA-myeloma proteins, imposed by the presence of kappa L chains in native and appropriately recombined molecules, provides a further indication of the importance of noncovalent bonds in the establishment of the quaternary structure of these proteins.