cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating Comprehensive and Collaborative Systems

To improve outcomes for children and youth with serious emotional disturbance and their families, we need to create comprehensive and collaborative systems to promote systems change resulting in the development of coherent services built around their individual needs. These services should be family-centered, community-based, and appropriately funded. Unfortunately, barriers to understanding and operationalizing this level of collaboration persist, which challenges the aims of parents, practitioners, policy makers, and others to provide efficient and effective services to these students. I explore the seventh strategic target of the National Agenda for Achieving Better Results for Children and Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance; provide examples of collaboration that relate to the National Agenda's other six strategic targets; and briefly discuss the present opportunities for and challenges to collaboration.
The Influence of Multiple Lake Interactions upon Lake-Effect Storms

Abstract Mesoscale disturbances in close proximity to one another typically undergo process interactions, which ultimately may result in the formation of a disturbance on the scale of the combined mesoscale disturbances. Embedded within this combined disturbance, some semblance of the incipient individual mesoscale disturbances may be preserved, especially in instances when the individual forcing mechanisms are fixed in space, as in the case of the Great Lakes. Studies have shown that during prolonged cold air outbreaks, collective lake disturbances can originate from the organization of individual lake-scale disturbances. These collective lake disturbances may, through scale interactions, alter the behavior of the contributing individual lake-scale disturbances and the embedded lake-effect storms. Factor separation decomposition of the Great Lakes system indicates that various interactions among lake-scale processes contribute to the overall development of the regional-scale disturbance, which can modula...
Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Interfacial Photochemistry as Factors Influencing Air-Sea Exchange Fluxes and Processes

The conceptual framework used to approach complex problems influences the outcome. Analyzing the role of photochemical processes in modifying air-sea exchange processes certainly presents difficulties in this regard, because no single point of view seems best for accomplishing the objectives of this chapter: first to review the fundamentals of environmental photochemistry, and second to consider in more detail our knowledge of the impact of photochemistry on air-sea exchange.
FRACTURE OF THE SCAPULA REQUIRING OPEN REDUCTION

From the information in the literature concerning the treatment of fractures of the scapula, those which require open reduction are: (1) fractures involving the glenoid in which free motion of the shoulder is seriously threatened and which cannot be reduced sufficiently by traction or manipulative means; and (2) fractures of the body of the scapula which interfere with the unity of the scapula in performing its function as an adjunct to the elevation of the arm.
On the Road to A World Without Depression

This is an English translation of the 1999 George Albee Lecture on Primary Prevention, presented by Ricardo F. Munoz at the World Congress of the World Federation for Mental Health in Santiago, Chile, September 8, 1999. The English version is true to the original and maintains the colloquial style of the verbal presentation. Munoz highlights the need for prevention efforts to address the many public health problems linked to depression. He reviews empirical evidence regarding these links including depression and substance abuse, and the effect of providing mood management interventions to ameliorate problems linked to depression. He ends by describing past and current studies being carried out at San Francisco General Hospital which illustrate the feasibility of influencing many public health problems by providing prevention interventions focused on depression.
ACCELERATED MOTION OF A SPHERE IN A VISCOUS FLUID

An investigation was made of the free fall of a sphere from rest in a viscous fluid in order to gain a better understanding of this fundamental form of accelerated motion. For spheres within the St...
Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and of levothyroxine replacement in pregnant women with SCH is unclear. The aims of this study were to assess (i) the impact of SCH during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes, and (ii) the effect of levothyroxine replacement therapy in these patients. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to January 2015. Randomized trials and cohort studies of pregnant women with SCH that examined adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were included. Reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality in duplicate. Eighteen cohort studies at low-to-moderate risk of bias were included. Compared with euthyroid pregnant women, pregnant women with SCH were at higher risk for pregnancy loss (relative risk [RR] 2.01 [confidence interval (CI) 1.66–2.44]), placental abruption (RR 2.14 [CI 1.23–3.70]), prem...
Fatal herpes simplex hepatitis in a newborn infant.

The infective nature of certain herpetic lesions was demonstrated about 50 years ago, and, subsequently, many studies established the presence of a filterable dermotropic agent in vesicular, often ulcerated, lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, eyes and genitalia. This agent is designated by 1 of 3 terms, viz., herpes, herpes febrilis or herpes simplex virus, and should not be confused with herpes zoster, which is distinctly different. Studies with experimental animals indicate that various strains of herpes simplex virus are endowed with neurotropic, or viscerotropic properties, or both, in addition to the dermotropic quality, and the preference for certain tissues or organs in a given instance seems to depend on environmental factors in the host. For example, a strain that is predominantly neurotropic in one type of host may show little or no neurotropic tendency in another. Fatal herpetic infections of human viscera, including the brain, have been described by several investigators, 9i "• 13,21_23 but studies to prove the identity of the vims were performed in relatively few instances.' Two of the strains of herpes virus were isolated from patients with encephalitis,' and the other 2 were from infants with widespread necrosis of the liver, and other tissues as well. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings in a newborn infant whose clinical syndrome was that of fatal hemorrhagic diathesis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, morphologically characteristic of those occurring in known herpes simplex infections, were observed in the widespread lesions of the liver, and a virus identical with herpes simplex was isolated from the lesions.*
Extension of sugar chains through acetylenic intermediates

Abstract Ethynylation of 2,3,4,5-tetra- O -benzoyl- aldehydo - L -arabinose ( 1 ) gave a product ( 2 ), which was converted by benzoylation into a separable mixture of 3,4,5,6,7-penta- O -benzoyl-1-heptyne- L - gluco -3,4,5,6,7-pentol ( 3 ) and the L - manno epimer ( 6 ). Saponification of 3 and 6 gave 1-heptyne- L - gluco -3,4,5,6,7-pentol ( 4 ) and the L - manno epimer ( 7 ). The structures assigned to 3 and 4 , and to 6 and 7 , were verified by conversion of the known 3- O -(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-4,5:6,7-di- O -isopropylidene-1-heptyne- L - gluco -3,4,5,6,7-pentol ( 5 ) into 4 and thence into 3 , and by conversion of 8 , the known L - manno epimer of 5 , into 7 and thence into 6 . The 1-heptyne-3,4,5,6,7-pentols 4 and 7 , obtained crystalline, were separable by g.l.c. as their trimethylsilyl ethers, and were not decomposed or epimerized by treatment with N sulfuric acid for 1 h at 100°. The conversions demonstrate that ethynylation of a free aldehyde group in the presence of benzoyloxy groups is a feasible synthetic procedure for chain-extension reactions with carbohydrate derivatives. The terminal acetylene functionon a polyhydroxyalkyl chain is shown to be stable under normal conditions of catalytic transesterification (Zemplen deacylation) and acid hydrolysis of acetals or glycosides.
Aqueous and pyrochemical reprocessing of actinide fuels

Processing of the nuclear fuel actinides has developed in two independent directions—aqueous processing and pyroprocessing. Similarities in the two processes, their goals, and restraints are indicated in brief parallel descriptions along with distinguishing advantages and areas of future development. It is suggested that from a technical viewpoint, the ultimate process might be a hybrid which incorporates the best steps of each process.
Maximize the input angle for the self-collimation of photonic crystals composed of anisotropic materials by optimizing the dispersion surfaces

We found that the input angles of a photonic crystal composed of anisotropic constituents for self-collimation regime is maintained as materials become more birefringent. We model the optical properties of a photobleached DAST crystal.
Modification of flush and rinse process after citric acid pickling of a once-through boiler

The homemade unit 4 boiler of a seaside power plant is a once-through supercritical boiler,which is pickled by citric acid,flushed by condensate pump with large flow,rinsed by citric acid,and passivated by hydrogen peroxide during construction.The chemical cleaning experience shows that flushing with large flow notably shortens flush time and efficiently reduces secondary rust,and that temporary system flushing to clean and the low-temperature citric acid rinse efficiently controls mass concetration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the rinse solution,which facilitates direct conversion to passivating.
Seeing is Believing in Ribosome Assembly

Many proteins have been implicated genetically and biochemically in the assembly of eukaryotic ribosomes. Now, Kornprobst et al. show us how they are put together with a cryoEM structure of the 90S processome that initiates ribosome assembly, revealing the arrangement of U3 RNA and the several UTP complexes that form a chaperone-like structure around and within the developing 40S ribosomal subunit.
Two Pulse Nonlinear Excitations in Optical Fibers

The propagation of high peak power laser pulses through a single mode optical fiber produces many interesting nonlinear and dispersive phenomena1; we examine the case of nonlinear interactions between two copropagating pulses of different wavelengths. The motivation for the study is to determine the influence of nonlinear optical effects on wavelength multiplexing, one of the promising methods for enhancing the information capacity of a communication channel. Four wave mixing2,Raman generation and self- and cross-phase modulation effects are all present and modify the shape and power of the pulses as they propagate through the fiber.
Efficient computation of Gaussian process regression for large spatial data sets by patching local Gaussian processes

This paper develops an efficient computational method for solving a Gaussian process (GP) regression for large spatial data sets using a collection of suitably defined local GP regressions. The conventional local GP approach first partitions a domain into multiple non-overlapping local regions, and then fits an independent GP regression for each local region using the training data belonging to the region. Two key issues with the local GP are (1) the prediction around the boundary of a local region is not as accurate as the prediction at interior of the local region, and (2) two local GP regressions for two neighboring local regions produce different predictions at the boundary of the two regions, creating undesirable discontinuity in the prediction. We address these issues by constraining the predictions of local GP regressions sharing a common boundary to satisfy the same boundary constraints, which in turn are estimated by the data. The boundary constrained local GP regressions are solved by a finite element method. Our approach shows competitive performance when compared with several state-of-the-art methods using two synthetic data sets and three real data sets.
Tissue-engineered 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironment enhances the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes by microRNAs

We have recently shown that a combination of microRNAs, miR combo, can directly reprogram cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts by miR combo in vivo is associated with improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction. However, the efficiency of direct reprogramming in vitro is relatively modest and new strategies beyond the traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture should be identified to improve reprogramming process. Here, we report that a tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel environment enhanced miR combo reprogramming of neonatal cardiac and tail-tip fibroblasts. This was associated with significantly increased MMPs expression in 3D vs. 2D cultured cells, while pharmacological inhibition of MMPs blocked the effect of the 3D culture on enhanced miR combo mediated reprogramming. We conclude that 3D tissue-engineered environment can enhance the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes via a MMP-dependent mechanism.
Recruiting to preclinical Alzheimer's disease clinical trials through registries.

Participant registries are repositories of individuals who have expressed willingness to learn about studies for which they may be eligible. Registries are increasingly being used to improve recruitment to preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials, which require large screening efforts to identify adequate numbers of participants who meet enrollment criteria. Recruiting to preclinical AD trials from registries is made more efficient through registry collection of data that permits exclusion of those who will not be eligible and identifies individuals most likely to qualify for trials. Such data could include self-reported disease family history or other risk factors but could also include cognitive, genetic, or biomarker testing outcomes. Few data are available to guide investigators overseeing registries and important ethical questions are likely to arise related to their conduct, especially in registries collecting AD risk information. This article outlines three areas of consideration for registry investigators: informed consent, disclosure, and sponsorship.
Inverse Correlation between Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Pediatric Overweight: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common bacterial pathogens in humans, is generally acquired during childhood. The inverse correlation between H. pylori colonization and obesity that was found in adults has not been investigated in depth in children. Our aim was to assess the correlation between overweight and obesity and H. pylori colonization in a pediatric population. Methods: H. pylori colonization in 70 symptomatic children was determined after antral biopsies during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Data on anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, and medical history were recorded. Results: The participants' mean age was 12.41 ± 3.16 years, 58% were females, and 24% were obese or overweight (BMI >85th percentile). The H. pylori colonization rate was 31%. There were no significant differences between the H. pylori-infected and H. pylori-noninfected groups in terms of age, gender, or clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Nevertheless, the prevalence of...
Development of an efficient DC-DC SEPIC converter using wide bandgap power devices for high step-up applications

A highly eﬃcient high step–up dc–dc converter is the major requirement in the integration of low voltage renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panel module and fuel cell stacks, with a load or utility. This paper presents the development of an eﬃcient dc–dc single–ended primary–inductor converter (SEPIC) for high step–up applications. Three SEPIC converters are designed and studied using diﬀerent combinations of power devices: a combination based on all Si power devices using a Si–MOSFET and a Si–diode and termed as Si/Si, a combination based on a hybrid of Si and SiC power devices using the Si–MOSFET and a SiC–Schottky diode and termed as Si/SiC, and a combination based on all SiC power devices using a SiC–MOSFET and the SiC–Schottky diode and termed as SiC/SiC. The switching behavior of the Si–MOSFET and SiC–MOSFET is characterized and analyzed within the diﬀerent combinations at the converter level. The eﬀect of the diode type on the converter’s overall performance is also discussed. The switching energy losses, total power losses, and the overall performance eﬃciency of the converters are measured and reported under diﬀerent switching frequencies. Furthermore, the potential of the designed converters to operate eﬃciently at a wide range of input voltages and output powers is studied. The analysis and results show an outstanding performance eﬃciency of the designed SiC/SiC based converter under a wide range of operating conditions.
The mechanics of dental occlusion and disclusion.

Abstract Background The mechanical environment associated with occluding teeth is the foundation for a wide range of research topics, clinical practice and dogma, product development and marketing, and medico-legal issues. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine the relationships between occlusal factors and their impact on the associated contact forces. Methods Matching pairs of 0°, 20°, 33° and 40° cusp first molar denture teeth were placed into Class I, II and III molar relationships. As the teeth were brought together into occlusion and then separated, the loads experienced by the mandibular tooth were continuously measured by a load cell that was supporting it. Findings Loess smoothing splines were fitted to all data curves to calculate 95% confidence intervals. All lateral force magnitudes and directions were statistically different when compared between classes of occlusion, cusp angles, and occlusion vs. disclusion. Noteworthy counterintuitive observations were that the lateral contact force components were generally higher during disclusion than occlusion, the peak lateral force magnitudes did not always occur when the occlusal force was maximum, and the lateral contact force component magnitude can be larger than the occlusal force. Interpretation Wedging and friction account for these unexpected results. The data indicate that each occlusion/disclusion cycle is characterized by complex transient loads that may impact wear facet and non-carious cervical lesion formation, implant and restorative failures, various aspects of occlusal trauma, and the concept of axial occlusal loading.
Relationship between glenoid deformity and gait characteristics in a rat model of neonatal brachial plexus injury.

Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) results in substantial postural and functional impairments associated with underlying muscular and osseous deformities. We examined the relationship between glenoid deformity severity and gait in a rat model of NBPI, an established model for studying the in vivo pathomechanics of NBPI. At 8 weeks post-operatively, we monitored the gait of 24 rat pups who exhibited varying degrees of glenoid deformity following unilateral brachial plexus neurectomy and chemodenervation interventions administered 5 days postnatal. Five basic stride and stance metrics were calculated for the impaired forelimbs over four consecutive gait cycles. Bilateral differences in glenoid version (ΔGAv ) and inclination (ΔGAi ) angles were computed from data for the same rats as reported in a previous study. A linear regression model was generated for each deformity-gait pair to identify significant relationships between the two. ΔGAv was not significantly correlated with any gait measurements, while ΔGAi significantly correlated with all five gait measurements. Specifically, ΔGAi was significantly positively correlated with stride length (R2 = 0.38, p = 0.001) and stance factor (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with stance width (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.016), swing/stance ratio (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.046), and stride frequency (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.003). Rats with declined glenoids exhibited the most altered gait. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings link musculoskeletal changes and functional outcomes in an NBPI rat model. Thus, gait analysis is a potentially useful, non-invasive, quantitative way to investigate the effects of injury and deformity on limb function in the NBPI rat model. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1991-1997, 2018.
Flow graph schemata

Flow Graph Schemata are introduced as another uninterpreted model for parallel computation. A modeling example is provided and some results stated concerning decidable problems of determinacy and equivalence.
An Agent Based Simulation Tool for Scheduling Emergency Department Physicians

Emergency department overcrowding is a problem that threatens the public health of communities and compromises the quality of care given to individual patients. The Institute of Medicine recommends that hospitals employ information technology and operations research methods to reduce overcrowding. This paper describes the development of an agent based simulation tool that has been designed to evaluate the impact of various physician staffing configurations on patient waiting times in the emergency department. We evaluate the feasibility of this tool at a single hospital emergency department.
The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health

Research over the past three to four decades has clearly established that psychological stress affects clinically relevant immune system outcomes, including inflammatory processes, wound healing, and responses to infectious agents and other immune challenges (e.g., vaccinations, autoimmunity, cancer). Individuals vary in their ability to cope with stressful life events, and differences in perceptions of stress, mood (e.g., depressive symptoms), and adverse life events can modify the magnitude to which stressors exert a negative influence on immune function. In this chapter, we provide an overview of key findings linking everyday stressors to immune function and health. In addition, the complexity of a plausible mechanism through which chronic stress and elevated inflammation might result in serious health consequences including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer is delineated. The literature provides support for several promising avenues for interventions to prevent stress-induced immune dysregulation. Research examining stressors in everyday life also has strong implications with respect to understanding the effects of more extreme stressors, such as those encountered during space flight, a complex environmental, physiological, and psychological challenge with multiple adverse consequences for human health.
Chronic ovine studies demonstrate low thromboembolic risk in the Penn State infant ventricular assist device

Mechanical circulatory support for children under 6 years of age remains a challenge. This article describes the preclinical status and the results of recent animal testing with the Penn State Infant Left Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). The objectives have been to 1) demonstrate acceptably low thromboembolic risk to support Food and Drug Administration approval, 2) challenge the device by using minimal to no anticoagulation in order to identify any design or manufacturing weaknesses, and 3) improve our understanding of device thrombogenicity in the ovine animal model, using multicomponent measurements of the coagulation system and renal ischemia quantification, in order to better correlate animal results with human results.The Infant VAD was implanted as a left VAD (LVAD) in 18-29 kg lambs. Twelve LVAD and five surgical sham animals were electively terminated after approximately 30 or 60 days. Anticoagulation was by unfractionated heparin targeting thromboelastography R times of 2x normal (n = 6) or 1x normal (n = 6) resulting in negligible heparin activity as measured by anti-Xa assay (<0.1 IU/ml). Platelet inhibitors were not used.There were no clinically evident strokes or evidence of end organ dysfunction in any of the 12 electively terminated LVAD studies. The degree of renal ischemic lesions in device animals was not significantly different than that found in five surgical sham studies, demonstrating minimal device thromboembolism.In summary, these results in a challenging animal test protocol support the conclusion that the Penn State Infant VAD has a low thromboembolic risk and may allow lower levels of anticoagulation.
Means and Long-Term Trends of Global Coastal Zone Precipitation.

Precipitation in the coastal zone is important to the socio-economic and ecological well-being of the world. Meteorologically, precipitation is generated by unique mechanisms at the land-sea interface, which is why coastal zone precipitation is not well resolved by global climate models. Yet, to date, much more effort has been placed in analyzing global precipitation over the oceans and land. In this study, global coastal zone precipitation is quantified by selecting Global Precipitation Climatology Centre V2018 0.5° grid cells in 50 km zones from the shoreline into the interior. The transition from maritime to continental precipitation regimes is revealed in the long-term (1931–2010) average, as there is a pronounced coast-to-interior decline in rainfall from approximately 911.5 mm yr−1 within 50 km of the coast to 727.2 mm yr−1 from 100 to 150 km away from the coast. Globally, coastal zone precipitation peaks in boreal summer, extending into fall for precipitation at the coastline. Dividing the long-term record into early and late 40-year periods reveals an increasing trend in precipitation in the coastal zone, with the interior increasing faster than at the coastline. Averaging over 30-year climate normals from 1931–60 to 1981–2010 further confirms this result. A seasonal analysis reveals that the upward trends, and discrepancy between the coast and inland are maximized in the austral summer season. Interestingly, from May to September there is a declining trend in rainfall at the coastline, whereas the interior only shows minimal declines in August and September. Potential forcing mechanisms that could favor a wetter interior coastal zone include changes in the sea breeze circulation, urban heat island effect, or precipitation content associated with synoptic systems or monsoonal circulations.
Latin@ Undergraduates' Willingness to Seek and Attitudes towards Counseling: An Examination of Cultural Orientation and Cultural Fit.

We explored the differences between and relationships of gender, class, college generation, and previous counseling experience for cultural orientation, cultural fit, willingness to seek and attitu...
Cellular therapy: Adoptive immunotherapy with expanded natural killer cells.

Adoptive immunotherapy with natural killer cells was pioneered 30 years ago in human clinical trials with the development of cytokine-induced killer cells-unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations activated overnight with IL-2. Higher doses were subsequently made possible through the advent of steady-state apheresis, allowing the collection of PBMC numbers equivalent to an entire adult blood volume, and increased purity made feasible through magnetic CD3-depletion and/or CD56-selection methods. Still, these approaches rarely achieved clinical dosing above a single infusion of 108 NK cells/kg, except with substantial donor-recipient size mismatch (eg, parents donating cells to children). To address this shortcoming, leukemia cell lines with NK cell-like function or ex vivo expansion approaches centered on the homeostatic cytokine IL-15 were developed. Here, we describe the development of an ex vivo expansion system based on a feeder cell expressing membrane-bound IL-21 that enables log-phase growth of primary NK cells for many weeks without inducing senescence, and describe the biology, correlative science, and translation to clinical trials for patients with leukemia, brain tumors, and solid tumors.
Is the motor unit mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship linear

Advances in surface electromyographic (EMG) signal decomposition allow researchers to analyze data for 20-50 motor units per contraction. To simplify interpretation, some investigators rely on group mean analysis of the mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship, but it is unclear if this association is linear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether this relationship is strongest when analyzed via linear, quadratic, or cubic regression. APPROACH Twenty-one men (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 4 years) and 16 women (21 ± 2 years) performed isometric contractions of the knee extensors at 50% of maximal force while bipolar surface EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis. A decomposition algorithm was used to calculate the mean firing rate and recruitment threshold of each motor unit at accuracy levels ranging from 90.0%-93.0%. Polynominal regression was used to determine if each relationship was best fit with a linear, quadratic, or cubic model. We examined individual contractions and grouped data. MAIN RESULTS Overall, 80% of the relationships were best fit with a linear model. Quadratic and cubic relationships were more appropriate for 16% and 2% of the contractions, respectively. Selecting varying accuracy levels within a range of 90.0%-93.0% had little influence on whether a given dataset was best fit with a linear, quadratic, or cubic model. Grouping of data provided different relationships than otherwise found on a contraction-by-contraction basis. SIGNIFICANCE The mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship is typically best fit with a linear model. These relationships should be examined on an individual contraction basis.
Incarcerated Veterans Outreach Program

The objective of this study is to identify and facilitate re-entry services for military veterans in the Criminal Justice System through the Incarcerated Veteran Outreach Program. Veterans are explored as a subgroup of the general inmate jail populations in southern Ohio based upon veteran's status, military discharges, service-related injuries, treatment needs, pre-release planning, and re-entry services. Veterans reported having psycho-social problems, diverse levels of criminality, criminogenic needs, and significant episodes of homelessness. A sample of 399 incarcerated veterans in state prison, county jails, and community corrections setting were identified and completed the psycho-social pre-release assessment. Their average age was 44.6; they were more likely to be White males, divorced, most honorably discharged, and were represented in the following eras: 34% Vietnam, 35% post-Vietnam, 26% Persian Gulf War, and 5% Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. The findings encourage the development of a re-entry outreach model and strategies to prevent episodes of criminal recidivism.
Difunctional block copolymer with ion solvating and crosslinking sites as solid polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries

Abstract High conductivity, solid polymer electrolytes (sPE) are an enabling technology for safe, high energy-density lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, polymer architectures with high ion conductivity are usually associated with poor mechanical properties. In this study, a difunctional block copolymer (DFBCP) which addresses the need has been synthesized and demonstrated. The first block, P(DBEA-co-MA), has tethered double bonds and can form a dense, crosslinked network upon UV irradiation to provide mechanical strength. The second block is a pendant type polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety with low crystallization to provide ion solvation. The PEG moiety is confined on one side of the polymer and has high segmental motion, resulting in an adequate ionic conductivity, 0.6 mS/cm. The amorphous nature of PEG second block also ensures low interfacial resistance, 1000 cycles at 2C in a Li–LiFePO4 battery.
Bacterial antibiotic resistance development and mutagenesis following exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones in vitro: a systematic review of the literature.

Background Understanding social and scientific drivers of antibiotic resistance is critical to help preserve antibiotic efficacy. These drivers include exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations in the environment and clinic. Objectives To summarize and quantify the relationship between subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis to better understand resistance patterns and mechanisms. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for primary in vitro experimental studies on subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and bacterial antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis, from earliest available dates through to 2018 without language limitation. A specifically developed non-weighted tool was used to assess risk of bias. Results Evidence from 62 eligible studies showed that subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure results in increased resistance to the selecting fluoroquinolone. Most increases in MIC were low (median minimum of 3.7-fold and median maximum of 32-fold) and may not be considered clinically relevant. Mechanistically, resistance is partly explained by target mutations but also changes in drug efflux. Collaterally, resistance to other fluoroquinolones and unrelated antibiotic classes also develops. The mean ± SD quality score for all studies was 2.6 ± 1.8 with a range of 0 (highest score) to 7 (lowest score). Conclusions Low and moderate levels of resistance and efflux changes can create an opportunity for higher-level resistance or MDR. Future studies, to elucidate the genetic regulation of specific resistance mechanisms, and increased policies, including surveillance of low-level resistance changes or genomic surveillance of efflux pump genes and regulators, could serve as a predictor of MDR development.
Thermal boundary conductance of two-dimensional MoS2 interfaces

Understanding the thermal properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials and devices is essential for thermal management of 2D applications. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) between one to five layers of MoS2 and amorphous SiO2 as well as between single-layer MoS2 and crystalline AlN. We also calculate the specific heat of MoS2. The results of all calculations are compared to existing experimental data. In general, the TBC of such 2D interfaces is low, below ∼20 MW m−2 K−1, due to the weak van der Waals (vdW) coupling and mismatch of phonon density of states (PDOS) between materials. However, the TBC increases with vdW coupling strength, with temperature, and with the number of MoS2 layers (which introduce additional phonon modes). These findings suggest that the TBC of 2D materials is tunable by modulating their interface interaction, the number of layers, and finding a PDOS-matched substrate, with important implications for future energy-efficient 2D electronics, photonics, and thermoelectrics.
Application of Cognitive Performance Modeling for Usability Evaluation of Emergency Medical Services In-Vehicle Technology:

Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of emergency medical service (EMS) fatalities. These crashes have been mainly attributed to driver distraction caused by in-vehicle technologies ...
Deliberate practice and self-recorded demonstration of skill proficiency: One baccalaureate nursing school's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to determine whether using self-video recording of the skill competency assessment would promote deliberate practice of nursing skills, clinical skill proficiency, limit virtual high stakes testing anxiety and facilitate progression of first semester baccalaureate nursing students during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted during the Spring 2020 semester using self-reported student data from an end of course survey. Methods A 16 item instructor-designed survey of student’s perceptions of critical thinking, preparation, availability of materials, practice, video recording skill demonstrations, self-reported levels of anxiety related to the virtual testing environment and type of skill assessment exam was provided to all first semester baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in the basic nursing skills course. Results Approximately half of the cohort (N = 33) voluntarily responded to the instructor designed survey. The greatest relationship was observed between ‘adequate information for each version’ of the test and ‘adequate time to prepare’ (rho (32) = 0.729 p = 0.000). Although 54.6% (n = 18) of the respondents believed performing the demonstration in the home environment caused them to ‘think harder’ about the tasks, 78.8% (n = 26) reported feeling less anxiety than while performing previous demonstrations in the lab. A Wilcoxon test examined the results of the anxiety for demonstration on campus and anxiety for demonstration at home and a significant difference was found (p = 0.000, 95% CI) indicating anxiety levels were significantly less when demonstrating in the home environment. A moderate positive correlation was identified between opportunity to repeat with less stress at home (rho (32) = 0.61, p = 0.000), while moderate negative correlations were found between opportunity to repeat and anxiety levels related to recording (rho (32) = −0.60, p = 0.000), opportunity to repeat and anxiety related to demonstration at home (rho (32) = −0.53, p = 0.002) and concern about recording and opportunity to repeat (rho (32) = −0.49, p = 0.004). Conclusions Student success using remote assessment strategies during the Spring 2020 semester was similar to the success rate using traditional skill assessment methods in Fall 2019. Although the need for prompt feedback was identified as an area of improvement to promote deliberate practice, student video recording of skill proficiency was a viable solution for comprehensive remote assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic and campus closure. Although further study is recommended, findings have international implications for virtual teaching and learning in nursing education.
Understanding Neighborhoods’ Impact on Youth Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes in Paterson, New Jersey: Protocol for a Community-Based Participatory Research Study

Background: Substance use among youth is a major public health concern. Of note, substance use among youth is increasing in prevalence, and the incidence of substance use at earlier ages is rising. Given the long-term consequences of early substance use, it is important to identify factors that increase youth vulnerability to drug use, as they may be important targets for future interventions. Objective: This study aims to use innovative methods, such as venue-based sampling, to recruit youth who are disconnected from school and use community-based participatory research to gain a better understanding of the prevalence of substance use and important correlates among youth aged between 13 and 21 years in Paterson, New Jersey, a low-income, urban community. The study will use a convergent, mixed methods design involving multiple data collection components and the analysis of a ministrative data source, designed with the strengths of complex intervention frameworks in mind. The overall aims of the study are to identify the prevalence of substance use among youth who are engaged in school and not engaged in school; to understand important antecedents and correlates of substance use; and to use this information to inform social, environmental, and culturally appropriate interventions to address substance use and its correlates among youths in a lower-resourced urban community. Methods: This study will use both qualitative and quantitative methods to address important questions. Specifically, semistructured interviews using focus group and interview methodologies will be used to assess youths’ lived experiences and will account for specific details that quantitative methods may not be able to attain. In addition, quantitative methods will be used to examine direct and multilevel associations between neighborhood factors and youth substance use and mental health outcomes. Results: A previous analysis from a substance use initiative in Paterson, New Jersey found that youth who use substances such as marijuana and alcohol are more likely to have higher rates of depression and anxiety. On the basis of the research questions, this study will examine the association between neighborhood characteristics, substance use, and mental health symptoms among youth in Paterson by using quantitative and qualitative methods and will use these findings to inform the adaptation of a community- and evidence-based substance use prevention intervention for these youths. Conclusions: The findings of this study will provide an important contribution to understanding the role of socioecological factors in predicting substance use and mental health outcomes among youth in a lower-resourced, urban community. Furthermore, these findings will serve as evidence for the development of a culturally informed, community-based prevention program to address substance use disparities for youth, including those who are truant in Paterson, New Jersey.
Real-Time XFEL Data Analysis at SLAC and NERSC: a Trial Run of Nascent Exascale Experimental Data Analysis

Author(s): Blaschke, Johannes P; Brewster, Aaron S; Paley, Daniel W; Mendez, Derek; Bhowmick, Asmit; Sauter, Nicholas K; Kroger, Wilko; Shankar, Murali; Enders, Bjoern; Bard, Deborah | Abstract: X-ray scattering experiments using Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) are a powerful tool to determine the molecular structure and function of unknown samples (such as COVID-19 viral proteins). XFEL experiments are a challenge to computing in two ways: i) due to the high cost of running XFELs, a fast turnaround time from data acquisition to data analysis is essential to make informed decisions on experimental protocols; ii) data collection rates are growing exponentially, requiring new scalable algorithms. Here we report our experiences analyzing data from two experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) during September 2020. Raw data were analyzed on NERSC's Cori XC40 system, using the Superfacility paradigm: our workflow automatically moves raw data between LCLS and NERSC, where it is analyzed using the software package CCTBX. We achieved real time data analysis with a turnaround time from data acquisition to full molecular reconstruction in as little as 10 min -- sufficient time for the experiment's operators to make informed decisions. By hosting the data analysis on Cori, and by automating LCLS-NERSC interoperability, we achieved a data analysis rate which matches the data acquisition rate. Completing data analysis with 10 mins is a first for XFEL experiments and an important milestone if we are to keep up with data collection trends.
Prosodic Disambiguation in First and Second Language Production: English and Korean.

This study investigates the use of prosodic cues for syntactic ambiguity resolution by first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers. In a production experiment, sentences with relative cla...
Integrated Circuits, Transceiver Modules, and Packaging

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the two main considerations in die design of fiber-optic links: die system loss budget and the link bandwidth. The link bandwidth is often constrained by the cost pressures of data communication. There is great pressure to use the lowest cost cable plant, which usually implies the lowest bandwidth fiber. The fiber choice is often not driven by the fiber characteristics but by the cost of connectorization. To achieve the greatest utility, a data communication link design should rely on the generally available industry standards. A number of fiber specifications are in use, the most common being those of Bellcore and the Electronics Industries Association (EIA). The chapter describes the process of building a link and also presents some industry examples and future trends.
13C constraints on ocean carbon cycle models

[1] The sensitivity of oceanic δ13C fields to overturning and gas exchange is investigated in a suite of ocean general circulation models. The deep and oceanic mean δ13C in the models was sensitive to the balance between deep waters forming in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Increasing the Southern Ocean deep water formation rate to improve deep sea 14C and AOU fields was detrimental to model-data δ13C fidelity. A concurrent increase in North Atlantic Deep water would be needed to match the observed 14C and δ13C, constraining both the rate and schematics of model deep water formation, respectively, and improving sensitivity to future perturbations. Inter-basin trends in δ13C were sensitive to the rate of overturning in the models, with ‘high mixing’ model configurations matching the observations best. Models' anthropogenic δ13C changes, used as a diagnostic of model CO2 uptake, were in agreement with the observations, except at high southern latitudes (<50°S), where the model δ13C changes were greater than observed. There were predictive relationships among models' uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and depth-integrated δ13C changes. Model relationships between model anthropogenic CO2 uptake and the air-sea δ13C disequilibrium, and the sea surface δ13C, depend on preindustrial riverine fluxes of terrestrial organic carbon, and on the wind field used to drive the model circulation, respectively. Among the models tested, the relations among anthropogenic CO2 uptake and δ13C changes in the ocean are biased by the OCMIP practice of driving model momentum with one wind field, and gas exchange rates with another.
Leveling the Playing Field: The International Legality of Carbon Tariffs in the EU

In the absence of any robust international agreements to combat climate change, some countries undertake climate change policy unilaterally. One such example is the European Union’s emissions trading system, a government program that sets the quantity of authorized carbon emissions in the EU. This system, however, places the EU’s energy-intensive industries at a competitive disadvantage compared to foreign firms without similar environmental restrictions. In order to level the playing field, some have proposed carbon border taxes or “carbon tariffs.” This Note assesses the legality of these proposed carbon tariffs under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, part of the World Trade Organization. Because such tariffs will likely violate the main text of the GATT, this Note examines whether Article XX exceptions may apply to permit carbon tariffs. The Note concludes that despite the importance of climate change mitigation and the recent liberalization of WTO jurisprudence, Article XX should not be interpreted so broadly as to permit the introduction of carbon tariffs in the EU.
National News Attention to the 106th Senate

Scholars have established that the national news media focus their attention on important actors in Congress such as party leaders, committee chairs and influential senators. However, researchers have yet to consider whether the median voter and filibuster pivot – salient actors in the legislative process – receive differential coverage by the news media. Examining the 106th Senate, I demonstrate that having a positive probability of being the median voter in the chamber affects the attention garnered from the national press. However, there is no significant difference observed for filibuster pivots.