cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic phenomena in layer superconducting cuprate and organic metals

Abstract Dynamic electron spin resonance (ESR) and extended x-ray absorption edge fine structure (XAFS) measurements suggest that layered organic metals and cuprate superconductors behave similarly. The response to microwave radiation in a modulated external magnetic field indicates that: (i) triplet state, T * ESR is observed below Tc for both; (ii) the condensation of free spin doublet D to T* occurs above the transition temperature to superconductivity Tc (10 ± 1 K for the organic metal (BEDT-TTF)3Ta2F11 and 92 to 12 K for YBa2Cu3O7-δ and its rare earth derivatives); (iii) antiferomagnetic (AF) resonance is detected above Tc for the organic metal. Here the exchange field between the aligned AF domains: JAF(150 K) = 130.7 mT (153 mK) is greater than the exchange term J(150 K) ≈ 15 mT (20 mK) between free spins (S = 1/2) leading to T* states; the lifetime of AF domains τAF decreases below 150 K and resonance is not detected below 44 K (i.e. τAF
Visualization of liquid-solid interface morphologies in gallium subject to natural convection

Abstract Melting and solidification of pure gallium is studied using real-time radioscopy methods. Sharp contrast between melt and solid phases with a 3% density difference is illustrated. The interfacial shape reflects convective flow in the liquid phase. Comparisons are made between real-time non-intrusive X-ray observations and results gained from probing techniques and numerical simulations reported in the literature. Similar qualitative trends in temperature distribution, yet discrepancies in interfacial location and shape, are exhibited.
Canopy Gap Dynamics in a Second-Growth Appalachian Hardwood Forest in West Virginia

ABSTRACT We examined canopy gaps on the 3,100 ha West Virginia University Research Forest (WVURF), a 70–80 year-old, second-growth, Appalachian hardwood forest near Morgantown, West Virginia. The objectives of this study were: (a) to describe gap characteristics (size, age, fraction, regeneration and gap-makers) of the forest as a whole, and (b) to assess whether gap characteristics varied by slope position (cove, midslope, ridge), slope aspect (NE, NW, SE, SW), and forest type (cove hardwood, mesic oak, xeric oak). Sixty transects were established, with a total length of 22,043 m. Eighty canopy gaps were identified. Average gap size was 98.6 (±134.17) m2. Gap age ranged from 2–29 years old with a mean age of 16.4 (±6.3) yrs. Overall, 2.7% of the forest was composed of gaps. There were no differences in gap size by aspect or slope position. Cove hardwoods had larger gap sizes than mesic and xeric oak forests. There were no differences in gap age based on slope position, aspect, or forest type. Gap fractio...
The Connection of U.S. Best Practices to Outcomes for Vietnamese American Women Abused by Intimate Partners

A grounded theory approach and sensitizing concepts were used to study U.S. best practices for addressing intimate partner violence against 55 Vietnamese American women interviewed at the beginning and end of a twelve‐month period. Advocacy agency, police, and court contact were associated with women's decisions to leave abusive relationships. Also associated were Vietnamese‐speaking professionals and referrals between helping sources. Women's observation of the deterrent effect of the law and of justice‐system involvement explained the stopping of abuse in several but not all cases. Women who stayed in abusive situations received social work help from Vietnamese‐speaking staff who understood their cultures, and those with emotional abuse tended to receive no assistance. All women initially had high levels of feeling controlled, frightened, and depressed. The greatest improvements were for women whose abuse stopped or who left. Best practices (coordinated community responses, culturally competent services...
Colcemid and related alkaloids inhibit lectin-mediated stimulation of RNA synthesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Abstract Colcemid, colchicine and vinblastine inhibit two of the early events occurring during lectinmediated lymphocyte activation, namely the stimulation of [3H]uridine incorporation into acidsoluble nucleotides and into cellular RNA, as well as later events such as morphological transformation and [3H]TdR incorporation. Colcemid also inhibits the activation of lymphocytes through the mixed lymphocyte reaction.
On loop corrections to subleading soft behavior of gluons and gravitons

Cachazo and Strominger recently proposed an extension of the soft-graviton theorem found by Weinberg. In addition, they proved the validity of their extension at tree level. This was motivated by a Virasoro symmetry of the gravity $S$-matrix related to Bondi, van der Burg, Metzner, and Sachs symmetry. As shown long ago by Weinberg, the leading behavior is not corrected by loops. In contrast, we show that with the standard definition of soft limits in dimensional regularization, the subleading behavior is anomalous and modified by loop effects. We argue that there are no new types of corrections to the first subleading behavior beyond one loop and to the second subleading behavior beyond two loops. To facilitate our investigation, we introduce a new momentum-conservation prescription for defining the subleading terms of the soft limit. We discuss the loop-level subleading soft behavior of gauge-theory amplitudes before turning to gravity amplitudes.
N-(2-Benzoylphenyl)-l-tyrosine PPARγ Agonists. 3. Structure−Activity Relationship and Optimization of the N-Aryl Substituent

3-{4-[2-(Benzoxazol-2-ylmethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-(2S)-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)propionic acid (1) and (2S)-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}propionic acid (2) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists and have antidiabetic activity in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. As part of an effort to develop the SAR of the N-2-benzoylphenyl moiety of 1 and 2, a series of novel carboxylic acid analogues, 23−66, modified only in the N-2-benzoylphenyl moiety were synthesized from l-tyrosine and evaluated as PPARγ agonists. In general, only modest changes in the N-2-benzoylphenyl moiety of 1 and 2 are tolerated. More specifically, the best changes involve bioisosteric replacement of one of the two phenyl rings of this moiety. Addition of substituents to this moiety generally produced compounds that are less active in the cell-based functional assays of PPARγ activity although binding affinity to PPARγ may be maintained. A particularly promising set o...
Mapping ecosystem services: Practical challenges and opportunities in linking GIS and value transfer

Abstract In this paper, a decision framework designed for spatially explicit value transfer was used to estimate ecosystem service flow values and to map results for three case studies representing a diversity of spatial scales and locations: 1) Massachusetts; 2) Maury Island, Washington; and 3) three counties in California. In each case, a unique typology of land cover and aquatic resources was developed and relevant economic valuation studies were queried in order to assign estimates of ecosystem service values to each category in the typology. The result was a set of unique standardized ecosystem service value coefficients broken down by land cover class and service type for each case study. GIS analysis was then used to map the spatial distribution of each cover class at each study site. Economic values were summarized and mapped by tributary basin for Massachusetts and California and by property parcel for Maury Island. For Maury Island, changes in ecosystem service value flows were estimated under two alternative development scenarios. Drawing on lessons learned during the implementation of the case studies, the authors present some of the practical challenges that accompany spatially explicit ecosystem service value transfer. They also discuss how variability in the site characteristics and data availability for each project limits the ability to generalize a single comprehensive methodology.
Coherent correlated pair method for N-fermion systems

We develop a method for treating the $N$-fermion problem as a system of correlated pairs of particles. Coherent pair states are introduced and a variational as well as a secular method are discussed for providing upper bounds to the exact ground state and approximations to the low lying spectra. Specific applications to two soluble models are presented. For these models the coherent correlated pair method is superior to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer approximation and to the Hartree-Fock approximation and in fact yields the exact solutions for all particle numbers and sufficiently large coupling constants.
X-ray K absorption spectra of solid argon and krypton /

The x-ray $K$-absorption edge structures of argon (at 3.86 A) and of krypton (at 0.86 A) have been measured in the gaseous and solid states. The spectra of the gases confirm previous work. The spectra of the solids exhibit pronounced structure extending far to the short-wavelength side of the absorption edge. The broad absorption maxima observed can be correlated with the valence bands in the crystal, but the extremely sharp initial rise requires an unusual density of states in the bands, perhaps offering evidence for the existence of excitation states.
Cytokines, molecular biological abnormalities, and acute myelogenous leukemia

Leukemia cell proliferation is dependent upon cytokines produced by the leukemia cells or by the microenvironment under stimulation by leukemia cells. Abnormal expression of the p53, rb, and ras genes is associated with cytokine production, suggesting that abnormal expression can affect leukemia cells by affecting intracellular growth controls and by stimulating cytokine production. While these observations suggest that cytokines can be used to stimulate leukemia proliferation during cytotoxic therapy increasing the sensitivity to treatment, they also suggest that inhibition of cytokine affects could increase clinical responses by reducing leukemia cell regrowth between courses of therapy.
Studies on the Growth Hormone of Normal and Dwarf Mice

Extracts of pituitary glands of normal and dwarf mice were examined by electrophoresis on poly aery lamide gels. The major component seen in extracts of glands of normal mice was missing from the gland of the dwarf animal. The protein of the principal band was eluted from the gel and assayed for various biological activities. The only major hormonal activity associated with the band was that of growth hormone. The material behaved essentially as a single component when analyzed by gel-electrophoresis at 2 different values of pH. Growth hormone was also isolated from pituitary glands of normal mice by a procedure which employed conventional precipitation methods. This material compared identically with the major electrophoretic component of hypophysial extracts of normal mice. (Endocrinology 76: 210, 1965)
Lack of Host Species Selection by the Exotic Parasitic Crustacean, Argulus japonicus

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that Argulus japonicus, an external parasite of fishes, would prefer goldfish (Carassius auratus), a cyprinid with which it evolved, to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), a common cyprinid native to North America. In each of two experiments, parasites were confined individually with goldfish and fathead minnows, and attachments to each fish were recorded. The frequencies of attachment were not significantly different from random, regardless of whether expected frequencies were adjusted to reflect the relative surface areas of the two host species. Moreover, once attached to a host, an Argulus was not more likely to detach from either host species within the first thirty seconds of attachment.
Conflict management and effectiveness in virtual teams

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of goal‐oriented attitudes and behaviors as antecedents of conflict management and the subsequent impact of conflict management on team outcomes in virtual teams. Of particular interest is the role of “commitment to team goals” as a predictor of successful conflict management and the subsequent impact of conflict management on team outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the results from a quasi‐experimental study examining the relationships among commitment to team goals, conflict management and team outcomes in virtual teams. First, it provides an in depth review of relevant empirical findings. Next, it describes a study examining the relationships between three sets of variables: commitment to team goals; conflict management; and team outcomes (performance and attitudinal) in the context of virtual teams. Data were collected from 141 students grouped in 39 teams size 3 to 4 that were part of four cohorts of an Engineering Management cour...
The Effect of Temperature During the Growing Period on Broiler Performance

Abstract Data are presented concerning the effect of environmental temperature during the growing period on broiler performance so that industry would have guidelines for economic evaluations when decisions are made concerning broiler house modifications and fuel or feed use. Normal body weight gain was attained for broilers reared in the lower temperature regimes when compared to broilers reared in a 21.1 C temperature; however, feed conversion increases for the lower temperature-reared groups. Growth rate was lower for broilers reared at a simulated summer temperature regime than for those reared at 21.1 C.
The institutional affiliations of authors in leading criminology and criminal justice journals

Abstract The current analysis builds on the works of Fabianic [J. Crim. Justice 9 (1981) 247.] and Sorensen [J. Crim. Justice 22 (1994) 535.], examining the institutional affiliations of authors in the top eight criminology and criminal justice journals during the years 1995 through 1999. University of Cincinnati ranked first and University of Maryland second on this measure of productivity. Institutions housing doctoral programs in criminal justice dominated the top rankings, suggesting that criminal justice may finally be maturing as a discipline.
Binding and activation of DNA topoisomerase III by the Rmi1 subunit.

Rmi1 is a conserved oligonucleotide and oligosaccharide binding-fold protein that is associated with RecQ DNA helicase complexes from humans (BLM-TOP3α) and yeast (Sgs1-Top3). Although human RMI1 stimulates the dissolution activity of BLM-TOP3α, its biochemical function is unknown. Here we examined the role of Rmi1 in the yeast complex. Consistent with the similarity of top3Δ and rmi1Δ phenotypes, we find that a stable Top3·Rmi1 complex can be isolated from yeast cells overexpressing these two subunits. Compared with Top3 alone, this complex displays increased superhelical relaxation activity. The isolated Rmi1 subunit also stimulates Top3 activity in reconstitution experiments. In both cases elevated temperatures are required for optimal relaxation unless the substrate contains a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) bubble. Interestingly, Rmi1 binds only weakly to ssDNA on its own, but it stimulates the ssDNA binding activity of Top3 5-fold. Top3 and Rmi1 also cooperate to bind the Sgs1 N terminus and promote its interaction with ssDNA. These results demonstrate that Top3-Rmi1 functions as a complex and suggest that Rmi1 stimulates Top3 by promoting its interaction with ssDNA.
Diffusion on lattices with traps: A self-consistent calculation

Abstract The behavior of random walkers on a lattice with randomly distributed traps is investigated. Specifically, we use the coherent potential approximation to solve the master equation for nearest-neighbor hopping. The results of this calculation are compared with recent CPA calculations for the diffusion equation with randomly placed spherical traps in a continuum.
Trends in mental health: implications for advanced practice nurses.

Purpose To examine current trends in mental health care for vulnerable populations and suggest how advanced practice nurses (APNs) can incorporate mental health care into primary care practice. Data Sources Original research and evidence-based clinical articles, government publications, and professional practice guidelines. Conclusions Vulnerable populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, adults with chronic mental illness, the elderly, the incarcerated, and those living in rural areas have long been ignored as recipients of quality, integrated health care services. There is a compelling need for APNs to participate in the integrated delivery of physical and mental health care to all Americans, especially to vulnerable populations. Implications for Practice Under the umbrella of advanced practice nursing, a variety of nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) can offer a holistic approach to the provision of evidencebased health care in a wide variety of settings to an array of vulnerable and underserved people. By serving on provider panels, partnering with consumer groups, and advocating for the unmet health needs of vulnerable populations, APNs can have a positive impact on the health care delivery system.
The existence of resolvable Steiner quadruple systems

Abstract A Steiner quadruple system of order v is a set X of cardinality v, and a set Q, of 4-subsets of X, called blocks, with the property that every 3-subset of X is contained in a unique block. A Steiner quadruple system is resolvable if Q can be partitioned into parallel classes (partitions of X). A necessary condition for the existence of a resolvable Steiner quadruple system is that v≡4 or 8 (mod 12). In this paper we show that this condition is also sufficient for all values of v, with 24 possible exceptions.
Abnormal learning and forgetting of individual spatial reversal problems in brain-damaged rats

Except for amygdaloid lesions and cortical cerebellar ablations, selective destruction of virtually any part of the tel-, di-, mes-, or metencephalon was found to impede spatial reversal learning in the rat. (These data contrast sharply with those reported in recent studies on visual reversal learning in the rat.) Test trials given after learning each reversal problem disclosed significant (or marginally significant) deficits in retention only in those groups sustaining damage to the cingulate cortex, ventral hippocampus, rostral caudoputamen, lateral supraoptic hypothalamus, posterolateral hypothalamus, lateral thalamic complex, mediodorsal thalamus, ventromedial thalamus, parafascicular nucleus, substantia nigra, interpeduncular-central tegmental area, pontomesencephalic reticular formation, or pontine reticular formation. It is proposed that there may be at least three classes of learning (amnesic) disorders observed on any given task: (1) a learning impairment only, (2) a retention impairment only, and (3) both a learning and retention impairment.
Increased Carbohydrate Induced Ghrelin Secretion in Obese vs. Normal-weight Adolescent Girls

Orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways mediate food intake and may be affected by meal composition. Our objective was to determine whether changes in levels of active ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) differ in obese vs. normal-weight adolescent girls following specific macronutrient intake and predict hunger and subsequent food intake. We enrolled 26 subjects: 13 obese and 13 normal-weight girls, 12–18 years old, matched for maturity (as assessed by bone age) and race. Subjects were assigned a high-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-fat breakfast in random order. Active ghrelin and PYY were assessed for 4 h after breakfast and 1 h after intake of a standardized lunch. Hunger was assessed using a standardized visual analog scale (VAS). No suppression in active ghrelin levels was noted following macronutrient intake in obese or normal-weight girls. Contrary to expectations, active ghrelin increased in obese girls following the high-carbohydrate breakfast, and the percent increase was higher than in controls (P = 0.046). Subsequent food intake at lunch was also higher (P = 0.03). Following the high-fat breakfast, but not other breakfasts, percent increase in PYY was lower (P = 0.01) and subsequent lunch intake higher (P = 0.005) in obese compared with normal-weight girls. In obese adolescents, specific intake of high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts is associated with greater increases in ghrelin, lesser increases in PYY, and higher intake at a subsequent meal than in controls. Changes in anorexigenic and orexigenic hormones in obese vs. normal-weight adolescents following high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals may influence hunger and satiety signals and subsequent food intake.
An efficient system-on-a-chip design methodology for networking applications

This paper presents a System-on-a-Chip design methodology that uses a microprocessor subsystem as a building block for the development of chips for networking applications. The microprocessor subsystem is a self-contained macro that functions as an accelerator for computation-intensive pieces of the application code, and complements the standard components of the SoC. It consists of processor cores, memory banks, and well-defined interfaces that are interconnected via a high-performance switch. The number of processors and memory banks are parameters that can vary depending on the application to be implemented on the chip. Applications such as protocol conversion, TCP/IP off-load engine, or firewalls can be implemented with processor counts ranging from 8 to 128.
Colorimetric determination of ligands by the effect of their cobalt(II) complexes on redox indicators

Abstract Coordination of cobalt(II) with ligands facilitates oxidation to the trivalent state by an oxidizing agent such as 3- p -iodophenyl-2- p -nitrophenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT). Since the formazan produced by the reduction of the tetrazolium chloride is highly colored, a sensitive measure of the amount of ligand (ethylenediamine or cyanide) present is obtained.
Dynamic Regulation of Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity in Aging and Hypertension

Background and Purpose —-Although aging and hypertension may predispose hypertensive elderly subjects to cerebral hypoperfusion during orthostatic stress, their effects on the acute cerebral autoregulatory response to hypotension are not known. Methods —-Continuous middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (BFV) (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, Finapres) were measured in response to (1) acute hypotension during standing, (2) steady-state sitting and standing, and (3) hypercarbia during CO 2 rebreathing in 10 healthy young subjects (age 24±1 years), 10 healthy elderly subjects (age 72±3 years), and 10 previously treated hypertensive elderly (age 72±2 years) subjects. CO 2 reactivity was computed as the slope of cerebrovascular conductance (CVC=BFV/MAP) versus end-expiratory CO 2 . Coherence, transfer magnitudes, and phases between low-frequency MAP and BFV signals were computed from their autospectra during 5 minutes of sitting and standing. Results —-MAP fell to a similar extent in all groups by an average of 21 to 26 mm Hg (22% to 26%) within 30 seconds of standing. Mean BFV also fell in all subjects but significantly less in the older subjects (−4.7±0.7 cm/s in hypertensives and −5.3±1.2 cm/s in normotensives, P =NS) compared with younger subjects (−10.1±1.1 cm/s, P 2 reactivity was greater in the young subjects (0.19±0.01) compared with normotensive (0.14±0.01, P P P =NS between elderly groups). Fewer hypertensive subjects had coherence between MAP and BFV signals; for subjects with coherence, there were no significant group differences in phase or transfer magnitudes in either sitting or standing positions. Conclusions —-Despite reduced CO 2 reactivity, elderly normotensive and previously treated hypertensive subjects retain cerebral autoregulatory capacity in response to acute orthostatic hypotension.
Descartes, the Cartesian Circle, and Epistemology Without God

allows Descartes to avoid the Cartesian Circle in an effective way and also shows that Descartes is surprisingly, in some respects, an epistemological externalist. The paper goes on to defend this interpretation against some powerful philosophical objections by Margaret Wilson and others by showing how Descartes' doctrine of the creation of the eternal truths can be brought in to support his epistemology. This doctrine and other analogous positions in Descartes can also reveal that Descartes, again surprisingly, takes important steps toward doing epistemology without direct appeal to God and God's veracity.
Growth factor and ultrasound-assisted bioreactor synergism for human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis

Ultrasound at 5.0 MHz was noted to be chondro-inductive, with improved SOX-9 gene and COL2A1 protein expression in constructs that allowed for cell-to-cell contact. To achieve tissue-engineered car...
Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Glucose Intolerance During Pregnancy

The purpose of our study was to determine if women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely than other women with infertility to develop gestational diabetes. All women who were successfully ...
Catalytic function of an alpha/beta hydrolase is required for energy stress activation of the sigma(B) transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis.

The general stress response of Bacillus subtilis is controlled by the ςB transcription factor, which is activated in response to diverse energy and environmental stresses. These two classes of stress are transmitted by separate signaling pathways which converge on the direct regulators of ςB, the RsbV anti-anti-ς factor and the RsbW anti-ς factor. The energy signaling branch involves the RsbP phosphatase, which dephosphorylates RsbV in order to trigger the general stress response. The rsbP structural gene lies downstream from rsbQ in a two-gene operon. Here we identify the RsbQ protein as a required positive regulator inferred to act in concert with the RsbP phosphatase. RsbQ bound RsbP in the yeast two-hybrid system, and a large in-frame deletion in rsbQ had the same phenotype as a null allele of rsbP—an inability to activate ςB in response to energy stress. Genetic complementation studies indicated that this phenotype was not due to a polar effect of the rsbQ alteration on rsbP. The predicted rsbQ product is a hydrolase or acyltransferase of the α/β fold superfamily, members of which catalyze a wide variety of reactions. Notably, substitutions in the presumed catalytic triad of RsbQ also abolished the energy stress response but had no detectable effect on RsbQ structure, synthesis, or stability. We conclude that the catalytic activity of RsbQ is an essential constituent of the energy stress signaling pathway.
MATLAB-based fault analysis of Power Systems with Graphical User Interface as an educational tool

This paper presents a MATLAB-based fault analysis of Power Systems with Graphical User Interface (GUI). The objective of the paper is designing a user friendly Graphical User Interface as an educational tool that helps students who are new to the power system area and studying fault conditions of electrical power systems. There are commercial programs and customized toolboxes developed for education and research but most of them are not user friendly and visualization capacities are low. This paper is intended to fill this gap for fault analysis. User can choose or add the system he/she wants to work on and display the bus voltages and fault currents. This GUI lets users change the faulted phases and buses and at the same time observe the changes in the system operation under fault conditions. This interface is developed under MATLAB 7. This paper will report the structure of the current development.
Long-term results after antegrade collagen injection for stress urinary incontinence following radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate the long-term success of antegrade collagen injection in men with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Methods. Between October 1994 and January 1996, 20 patients underwent antegrade collagen injection for stress urinary incontinence caused by radical prostatectomy. Evaluation by pad test, urodynamics, and subjective scores was performed before and after injection. Results. At a mean follow-up of 28 months, 10% of the patients were cured and 35% were improved. All patients received a single treatment (mean total volume of collagen injected 14.5 mL). In 11 patients without long-term improvement, 2 had undergone irradiation previously and 7 had failed retrograde collagen injections. Two patients with vesical neck contracture were successfully treated. Preoperative incontinence severity and stress leak point pressure did not correlate with failure. Conclusions. A 45% cured or improved rate at long-term follow-up is possible in men with stress incontinence after radical prostatectomy using a single antegrade collagen injection. Although antegrade delivery of collagen for stress incontinence minimized short-term, technique-related failures, for a substantial number of patients therapy had failed at long-term follow-up.
Improved Query Matching Using kd-Trees: A Latent Semantic Indexing Enhancement

Efficient information searching and retrieval methods are needed to navigate the ever increasing volumes of digital information. Traditional lexical information retrieval methods can be inefficient and often return inaccurate results. To overcome problems such as polysemy and synonymy, concept-based retrieval methods have been developed. One such method is Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), a vector-space model, which uses the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a term-by-document matrix to represent terms and documents in k-dimensional space. As with other vector-space models, LSI is an attempt to exploit the underlying semantic structure of word usage in documents. During the query matching phase of LSI, a user's query is first projected into the term-document space, and then compared to all terms and documents represented in the vector space. Using some similarity measure, the nearest (most relevant) terms and documents are identified and returned to the user. The current LSI query matching method requires that the similarity measure be computed between the query and every term and document in the vector space. In this paper, the kd-tree searching algorithm is used within a recent LSI implementation to reduce the time and computational complexity of query matching. The kd-tree data structure stores the term and document vectors in such a way that only those terms and documents that are most likely to qualify as nearest neighbors to the query will be examined and retrieved.
Analysis of acyl fluxes through multiple pathways of triacylglycerol synthesis in developing soybean embryos

The reactions leading to triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in oilseeds have been well characterized. However, quantitative analyses of acyl group and glycerol backbone fluxes that comprise extraplastidic phospholipid and TAG synthesis, including acyl editing and phosphatidylcholine-diacylglycerol interconversion, are lacking. To investigate these fluxes, we rapidly labeled developing soybean (Glycine max) embryos with [(14)C]acetate and [(14)C]glycerol. Cultured intact embryos that mimic in planta growth were used. The initial kinetics of newly synthesized acyl chain and glycerol backbone incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol (DAG), and TAG were analyzed along with their initial labeled molecular species and positional distributions. Almost 60% of the newly synthesized fatty acids first enter glycerolipids through PC acyl editing, largely at the sn-2 position. This flux, mostly of oleate, was over three times the flux of nascent [(14)C]fatty acids incorporated into the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of DAG through glycerol-3-phosphate acylation. Furthermore, the total flux for PC acyl editing, which includes both nascent and preexisting fatty acids, was estimated to be 1.5 to 5 times the flux of fatty acid synthesis. Thus, recycled acyl groups (16:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3) in the acyl-coenzyme A pool provide most of the acyl chains for de novo glycerol-3-phosphate acylation. Our results also show kinetically distinct DAG pools. DAG used for TAG synthesis is mostly derived from PC, whereas de novo synthesized DAG is mostly used for PC synthesis. In addition, two kinetically distinct sn-3 acylations of DAG were observed, providing TAG molecular species enriched in saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Una guía simple para la filosofía contemporánea de la mente

Hay algo profundamente misterioso acerca del lugar de la mente en la naturaleza, pero es fascinantemente dificil articular en que consiste el misterio. Entre la miriada de objetos del mundo:hay uno que soy yo. ?Como puede el universo impersonal contenerme como un objeto? Yo puedo reconocer que mi cuerpo es un objeto como tantos otros: ocupa un espacio, esta abierto a escrutinio publico, y esta hecho del mismo material basico que los arboles y planetas. Sin embargo no puedo pensar en mi solamente de esta manera impersonal. ?Como pueden algunos cuerpos, incluido este cuerpo con este cerebro, tener una pers.pectiva en el mundo y ser consciente?
Intestinal and multivisceral autotransplantation for tumors of the root of the mesentery: Long-term follow-up.

Objective To present the indications, techniques, short- and long-term outcomes after visceral exenteration, ex vivo resection, and intestinal/multivisceral autotransplantation. Patients and methods All patients who have undergone this procedure at our center were studied. Technique, postoperative complications, survival, tumor recurrence, and functional status were recorded. Results Ten patients, 4 children and 6 adults, have undergone these procedures since January 1999. Seven patients are alive at 13–138 months later, 6 with functioning autografts and one after rescue with an allotransplantation. Conclusion Intestinal/multivisceral autotransplantation is a potentially valuable option for some otherwise unresectable neoplasms of the root of the mesentery.
Advances in Shear Strength Measurement, Assessment, and Use for Slope Stability Analysis

There have been many changes in the measurement of shear strength, the manner in which shear strengths are interpreted and assessed, and the way that these strengths are used in slope stability analyses since the second conference on Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments, held June 29 to July 1, 1992. Many of these changes can be partially attributed to the rapid increase in the speed and availability of personal computers in the last 21 years. Both university and commercial laboratories are much more automated, and this automation allows complex tests to be commonly conducted. The increase in automation has generally resulted in an increase in the quality of test results. In-situ tests have also greatly benefited from the increase in speed and accuracy of computers and data acquisition systems. Newer computer programs allow geotechnical engineers to more accurately model the non-linearity of shear strength envelopes and spatial variations of shear strengths. There has been a new recognition of the applicability of fully softened shear strength in many slope stability problems. In addition, it is clear that the tragic events associated with Hurricane Katrina have impacted many elements of geotechnical practice related to slope stability and shear strength assessment.
Manufacturing information systems issues: Software architectures

The first computer system incorporated into a business environment was for data processing. Designed to handle large volumes of data and produce statements and reports, EDP supported the operational aspects of a business venture. Advancing technology computerized the middle management organizational needs, the forecasting and simulation analysis techniques which serve upper management, and, more recently, the text handling, report writing and telecommunications systems necessary in today's fast-paced business world.
Detection of Quality Visualization of Appendiceal Orifices Using Local Edge Cross-Section Profile Features and Near Pause Detection

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows a physician to inspect the inside of the human colon. The appearance of the appendiceal orifice during colonoscopy indicates a complete traversal of the colon, which is an important quality indicator of the colon examination. In this paper, we present two new algorithms. The first algorithm determines whether an image shows the clearly seen appendiceal orifice. This algorithm uses our new local features based on geometric shape, illumination difference, and intensity changes along the norm direction (cross section) of an edge. The second algorithm determines whether the video is an appendix video (the video showing at least 3 s of the appendiceal orifice inspection). Such a video indicates good visualization of the appendiceal orifice. This algorithm utilizes frame intensity histograms to detect a near camera pause during the apendiceal orifice inspection. We tested our algorithms on 23 videos captured from two types of endoscopy procedures. The average sensitivity and specificity for the detection of appendiceal orifice images with the often seen crescent appendiceal orifice shape are 96.86% and 90.47%, respectively. The average accuracy for the detection of appendix videos is 91.30%.
The Puzzle of Indian Democracy: A Consociational Interpretation

India has been the one major deviant case for consociational (power-sharing) theory, and its sheer size makes the exception especially damaging. A deeply divided society with, supposedly, a mainly majoritarian type of democracy, India nevertheless has been able to maintain its democratic system. Careful examination reveals, however, that Indian democracy has displayed all four crucial elements of power-sharing theory. In fact, it was a perfectly and thoroughly consociational system during its first two decades. From the late 1960s on, although India has remained basically consociational, some of its power-sharing elements have weakened under the pressure of greater mass mobilization. Concomitantly, in accordance with consociational theory, intergroup hostility and violence have increased. Therefore, India is not a deviant case for consociational theory but, instead, an impressive confirming case.
The Multiple Meanings of Age for Television Content Preferences

Twostudiesexaminedhowadultageandtimeofmeasurementinfluencemediapreferences. Study 1 (using TV ratings data from 1970s to 1980s) found that the popularity of genres varied over time, but even after controlling for year, age groups differed in (a) genre choices (consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory) and (b) age of characters viewed (consistent with age identity theory). The average age of characters in each program partially mediated age differences in ratings of comedies and news, and suppressed a negative relationship between viewer age and ratings of violent programs. Study 2 (using 2005 survey data) found similar genre and character preferences. In addition, subjective age predicted age of favorite characters beyond the effect of chronological age.
Isoenergetic penta- and hexanucleotide microarray probing and chemical mapping provide a secondary structure model for an RNA element orchestrating R2 retrotransposon protein function

LNA (locked nucleic acids, i.e. oligonucleotides with a methyl bridge between the 2′ oxygen and 4′ carbon of ribose) and 2,6-diaminopurine were incorporated into 2′-O-methyl RNA pentamer and hexamer probes to make a microarray that binds unpaired RNA approximately isoenergetically. That is, binding is roughly independent of target sequence if target is unfolded. The isoenergetic binding and short probe length simplify interpretation of binding to a structured RNA to provide insight into target RNA secondary structure. Microarray binding and chemical mapping were used to probe the secondary structure of a 323 nt segment of the 5′ coding region of the R2 retrotransposon from Bombyx mori (R2Bm 5′ RNA). This R2Bm 5′ RNA orchestrates functioning of the R2 protein responsible for cleaving the second strand of DNA during insertion of the R2 sequence into the genome. The experimental results were used as constraints in a free energy minimization algorithm to provide an initial model for the secondary structure of the R2Bm 5′ RNA.
A Prediction Model for Consumer Behavior regarding Product Safety

The objective of this study was the development of a model to predict whether a consumer would use a product safely as a function of sixteen different individual variables. Subjects were presented ...
An algorithmic method for protocol conversion

An algorithmic method for constructing protocol converters to achieve interoperability between networks that implement incompatible protocols is presented. The converter constructed using this approach does not cause unspecified receptions or deadlocks if the original protocols are safe. The method is guaranteed to generate a valid converter if one exists for the given protocols, with the conversion requirements defined by an ordered mapping set. Since the approach consists of six algorithms, it can be automated, thereby substantially reducing the complexity of the converter construction process. A protocol conversion example involving incompatible protocols is used to illustrate the method. >
Hydrostatic Pressure Project: Linked-Class Problem-Based Learning In Engineering

Over the last few years, WTAMU Mathematics, Engineering and Science faculty has used interdisciplinary projects as the basis for implementation of a linked-class approach to Problem-Based Learning (PBL). A project that has significant relevance to engineering statics, fluid mechanics, and calculus is the Hydrostatic Pressure Project. This project was developed by faculty associated with the NSF-funded INCRSE project, Increasing Numbers and Connections in Science, Math, and Engineering, for application of the linked-class PBL to calculus II and engineering statics. The students in the linked classes were to predict the horizontal force and the vertical force on a submerged surface and determine the appropriate locations of these forces in order to experimentally verify the calculations. They worked in groups to outline their procedures, develop their functional relations, record experimental data, and report on their findings. Assessment efforts have focused on student laboratory reports and student perceptions about their learning and experiences with this linked-class PBL project collected through surveys and focus groups. In all the surveys and focus groups conducted with students who had participated in the Hydrostatic Pressure Project, all of the students felt their experience was beneficial and had enhanced their understanding and applications of engineering and mathematics.
When Peer Tutors Write about Writing: Literacy Narratives and Self Reflection

For many years, in the discipline of composition studies, students have been referred to in certain and common ways. Most of the professional literature seems to represent student writers as remedial deficient in grammatical and creative skills and political awareness.While this attention to the basic student is important for many reasons (much can be learned about writing from students who are struggling to learn), it is also limited in its focus. We want to argue in this paper that the story of the proficient student also needs to be told, because there is much to be learned from it. In this paper, we will discuss the research we conducted on the proficient writer, using a training tool referred to by the College Writing Program at Lafayette College as the “literacy narrative” (See Appendix 1 and 2). As we hope to demonstrate, the proficient writer can provide composition studies with an invaluable resource. This essay is organized into three sections. First, we provide background information about our college writing program. Second, we discuss how students have traditionally been represented in composition studies. And third, we consider the literacy narratives as a reflection of the attitudinal changes and the identi-
The management of pain: non-pharmacologic analgesia

“Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life”[1]. It is now clear that premature and full-term newborns have the neuroanatomical pathways from the periphery to cortex required for nociception. In fact by the 23th week of gestation painful stimuli are associated with physiologic, hormonal, and metabolic markers of the stress response. Indeed pain perception may be greater because of immaturity of descending inhibitory pathways [2]. Preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to brief and long term effects of pain and stress because system modulating sensory experience is immature[3,4]. Neonatal intensive care involves a high number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures which are associated with pain for preterm and sick newborn infants. In addition to immediate unpleasantness, painful experiences can imprint themselves indelibly on the nervous system amplifying and causing typically painless sensations to be experienced as pain. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention (NFI) are recommended for painprevention and pain management [5]. In order to achieve optimum efficacy, both pharmacological and NFI additionally require a reduction of external stimuli, such as loud noise and bright light [6]. NFI is recommended for procedural and mild pain [7]. NFI for procedural pain is a treatment that is initiated before and during the procedure in order to reduce the physiological consequences of nociceptive transmission provoked by the procedure. Therefore NFI could be considered a “pre-emptive analgesia”. NFI activate the “gate control mechanism”, some intervention lead to an endogenous endorphin dispersal which contributes to modulation of the pain pulse at the level of spinal cord [8,9], some other may elicit activation of neuropeptides systems that can achieve an analgesic effect through the potentiation of opioid activity [10], There is sufficient evidence to support the use of NFI, particularlybreast feeding, sweet-tasting solutions, kangaroo care, non nutritive suckling, swaddling and facilitate touching for the common needle-puncture procedures [11-13]. Other NFI such as music, olfactory and multisensory stimulation areto some degree beneficial to neonates who undergo painful procedures [14,15]. Despite our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of actions of NFI, there seems to be few documented short-term harms from their use. NFI need a collaborative effort. Support from the administration and leadership, both formal and cultural, is crucial for the implementation of NFI[16].