cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ICME Evolution in the Inner Heliosphere

ICMEs (interplanetary coronal mass ejections), the heliospheric counterparts of what is observed with coronagraphs at the Sun as CMEs, have been the subject of intense interest since their close association with geomagnetic storms was established in the 1980s. These major interplanetary plasma and magnetic field transients, often preceded and accompanied by solar energetic particles (SEPs), interact with planetary magnetospheres, ionospheres, and upper atmospheres in now fairly well-understood ways, although their details and context affect their overall impacts. The term ICME as it is used here refers to the complete solar-wind plasma and field disturbance, including the leading shock (if present), the compressed, deflected solar-wind plasma and the field behind the shock (“sheath”), and the coronal ejecta (the “driver”) – often called a magnetic cloud. Many uncertainties remain in understanding both the relationship to what is observed at the Sun and the variety of local outcomes suggested by in-situ observations. This impacts our abilities to interpret events and to forecast effects based on solar observations. Here, we briefly consider what is known about ICMEs and their evolution en route from the Sun from the combination of available observations and interpretive models that have been developed up to now. The included references are only representative of the large body of work that has been published on this subject. Our aim is to provide the reader with an updated synthesis of research results in this still active area of heliophysics at the dawn of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SO) mission era.
Revascularization following non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in multivessel coronary disease.

BACKGROUND The optimal revascularization approach for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) is controversial. We sought to investigate outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). METHODS Adult patients with MVCAD and NSTEMI undergoing either CABG or PCI at a single institution between 2011 and 2018 were included. Multivariable analysis was utilized to determine independent predictors of death, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and readmissions. A subanalysis examined patients undergoing complete revascularization. RESULTS A total of 2001 patients were included, of whom 1480 (74.0%) underwent CABG. CABG was associated with a lower risk-adjusted hazard for death (hazard ratio, 0.59, P < .001) and with improved survival at 1 year (92.0 vs 81.8%, P < .001) and 5 years (80.7 vs 63.3%, P < .001). Additionally, freedom from MACCE (P < .001) was greater in the CABG group and cumulative readmission, rates of MI, and rates of repeat revascularization were lower with CABG (each P < .001). Among patients undergoing complete revascularization, overall survival (1 year: 92.7 vs 83.9%, P = .010; 5 years: 81.1 vs 69.4%, P < .001) and freedom from MACCE (1 year: 92.3 vs 75.2%, P < .001; 5 years: 81.7 vs 61.4%, P < .001) remained higher for the CABG group; cumulative incidence of readmission was also decreased in those undergoing CABG (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world analysis of patients with MVCAD presenting with NSTEMI, revascularization with CABG resulted in improved survival with lower rates of MACCE and readmission as compared to PCI, which persisted when accounting for complete revascularization.
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Cues in a Comics Reading Task.

Readers are increasingly exposed to text that includes both words and images through comics, graphic novels, online materials, and video games. In this study, we use the medium of the 4-panel comic...
The Development and Application of an Instructional Materials Evaluation System: Preacademic Level.

An instructional materials model was constructed and employed as a perspective for a review of the literature. A need for an indirect evaluation technique for consumers at the post production level...
Rheology of macro- and nano-emulsions in the presence of micellar depletion attraction

In this work, we investigate the effect of interdroplet interaction on the rheological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions within a range of macro- to nano-droplet sizes and various volume fractions from dilute to concentrated regimes. We determine the total interdroplet interaction from electrostatic, van der Waals, and depletion attraction contributions. At constant surfactant concentration, the depth of attractive potential is much higher than k B T for submicron emulsions and macroemulsions, whereas it is on the order of thermal energy for nanoemulsions. Thus, as the droplet size decreases in systems with considerable yield stress below jamming transition, the emulsions undergo a gel-to-glass transition. The yield strain ranges of gel and glassy systems overlap, although the droplets in gels undergo the dissipative rearrangement before macroscopic translational motion.
Building a Life Worth Living During a Pandemic and Beyond: Adaptations of Comprehensive DBT to COVID-19

Our team at the Jefferson Center City Clinic for Behavioral Medicine has recently been challenged to find a synthesis between the need to adapt to circumstances associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, while at the same time retaining the spirit and essential components of comprehensive DBT. This fine balance between unwavering centeredness and compassionate flexibility is central to DBT (Linehan, 1993), and has proven essential during these times of uncertainty. This short article highlights challenges and innovations faced by our DBT Team, Skills Group, individual DBT sessions, phone coaching, and also our community at large, as we strive to help our patients and team members build a life worth living during and following a pandemic.
SCAMP 37, a new marker within the general cell surface recycling system.

Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are widely distributed as components of post-Golgi membranes that function as recycling carriers to the cell surface. In fibroblasts, SCAMPs are concentrated in compartments involved in the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface receptors while in neurons and other cell types having regulated transport pathways, SCAMPs are also components of regulated carriers (synaptic vesicles, secretion granules and transporter vesicles). Their presence in multiple pathways distinguishes them from proteins (e.g. recycling cell surface receptors and synaptic vesicle proteins) which are concentrated in selected pathways. The SCAMPs also do not appear to reside beyond the boundaries of these pathways. This distribution suggests that SCAMPs are general markers of membranes that function in cell surface recycling. The primary sequence of SCAMP 37 reveals a novel polypeptide containing a series of structural motifs, including a calcium binding domain, a leucine zipper and two zinc fingers. The very broad tissue distribution, subcellular localization and sequence analysis all predict that SCAMPs play a fundamental role in cell surface recycling.
Modeling of triple junction a-Si solar cells using ASA: analysis of device performance under various failure scenarios

Triple junction a-Si solar cells have been modeled and simulated using the Advanced Semiconductor Analysis (ASA). The device performance is analyzed with numerically simulated I-V characteristics. We have studied several failure scenarios such as variations in the thickness of different layers of the multilayered triple-junction structure. Distinctive features of the I-V characteristics and solar parameters have been found which have been correlated with experimentally obtained results.
Varicella-zoster virus Fc receptor gE glycoprotein: serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of monomeric and dimeric forms

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein gE is the predominant viral cell surface molecule; it behaves as an Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G, but its central function may be more closely related to viral egress and cell-to-cell spread. To further analyze the receptor properties of VZV gE, the gE gene (also called open reading frame 68) was expressed by a baculovirus vector in insect cells. The recombinant baculovirus gE product had a molecular mass of 64 kDa, smaller than the previously documented 98 kDa of mature gE expressed in mammalian cells. The major reason for the lowered molecular mass was diminished glycosylation. In addition to the 64-kDa form, a larger (130-kDa) form was observed in insect cells and represented dimerized 64-kDa molecules. Both the monomeric and dimeric gE forms were highly phosphorylated in insect cells. Protein kinase assays conducted in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP and [gamma-32P]GTP indicated that endogenous casein kinase II was phosphorylating monomeric gE, while the dimeric gE form was phosphorylated by another kinase which did not utilize [gamma-32P]GTP. When immobilized recombinant gE molecules were probed with a monoclonal antibody which specifically recognizes a phosphotyrosine linkage, the gE dimer was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated whereas the monomer was not similarly modified. When recombinant gE produced in HeLa cells was probed with the same antiphosphotyrosine antibody, a dimeric gE form at 130 kDa was detected on the cell surface. These results suggested that VZV gE closely resembled other cell surface receptors, being modified on its various forms by both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. In this case, tyrosine phosphorylation occurred on a previously unrecognized and underglycosylated VZV gE dimeric product.
Peer Assessment of Soft Skills and Hard Skills

Both the information technology (IT) industry and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) demand soft-skill training in higher education and require IT graduates to demonstrate competence in interpersonal communication, teamwork, and conflict management. Group projects provide teamwork environment for soft-skill training, but their practical success is difficult to assess. Group activities often take place outside classroom, and instructors are kept out of communication and interaction loops. Free-rider problems arise when some students are doing less work and awarded the same grades as others who contribute more. Many studies have suggested that, for group projects, peer evaluation is more effective than instructor evaluation. However, most peer assessment scales are ad hoc, neither standardized nor well-structured. This study designed a peer assessment scale for soft-skill and hard-skill evaluations. The assessment scale was administrated in an IT course and data was collected. Two dimensions, soft-skill and hard-skill, emerged from factor analysis and captured 67 percent of variance. Items on the assessment scale passed a reliability test with Cronbach's α values greater than 0.70. IT education should prepare future IT professionals with hard and soft skills to communicate with end users, to resolve conflicts, and to bring different functions together toward a common goal. This study should prove valuable for educators to promote soft-skill training in an active learning environment and to use peer evaluations to achieve success in IT education.
Initial results from the 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron experiment at MIT

We present preliminary results from the 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron oscillator experiment. Power levels of greater than 1 MW in the design (TE/sub 22,6/) mode are obtained using an 82 kV, 50 A triode magnetron injection gun. Results are also reported for the experiment using the 96 kV, 40 A diode gun.
Perceptions of Clinical Athletic Trainers on the Spiritual Care of Injured Athletes

Context: Treating both the body and the mind of an injured or ill patient is accepted as necessary for full healing to occur. However, treating the spiritual needs of the patient has less consensus. Objective: To determine the perceptions and practices of certified athletic trainers (ATs) working in the college/university setting pertaining to spiritual care of the injured athlete. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A survey instrument was e-mailed to a stratified random sample of 2000 ATs at 4-year colleges and universities. Patients or Other Participants: Five hundred sixty-four participants (296 men, 234 women; 34 did not specify sex). Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured the ATs' perceptions and practices related to spiritual care for athletes. Results: We found that 82.4% of respondents agreed that addressing spiritual concerns could result in more positive therapeutic outcomes for athletes; however, 64.3% disagreed that ATs are responsible for providing the spiritual care. Positive correlations...
Outcomes of rectal cancer with liver oligometastases.

Purpose: In patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer to the liver, long term survival is possible and a multi-modality treatment approach may be considered. This is a report of a single institution experience of oligometastatic rectal cancer patients after treatment of the primary tumor and pelvic lymph nodes with extended course chemoradiation therapy. Methods: Between 2004 and 2013, 26 oligometastatic rectal cancer patients with liver metastases were treated with extended course chemoradiation at our institution followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Amongst these there were 17 men and 9 women. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 59.8 years, with a range from 36 to 87 years of age. Eleven patients had metastases in other sites in addition to liver, and one patient in our cohort had lung metastasis with no liver metastasis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), distant metastases (DM) and local control (LC). Results: OS rates were 95%, and 70% at 12 and 24 months respectively, with a mean survival time of 40.5 months. PFS rates were 91% and 36% at 12 and 24 months respectively, with a mean PFS time of 23.1 months. LC rates were 91% and 66% at 12 and 24 months respectively. DM rates were 0% and 61% at 12 and 24 months respectively. Finally, when censoring deaths, progression of liver metastases and distant progression, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated five events of local failure. Conclusions: This series demonstrated an OS of 70% at 24 months, with a mean survival of 40.5 months. Significantly, LC was only 66% despite the use of extended course chemoradiation and TME. This data suggests that many patients with oligometastatic rectal cancer will survive past 2 years, and that a substantial number will fail locally as well as distantly. Therefore, a multimodality approach is reasonable. Recent data suggests that a hypofractionated radiation regiment of 25 Gy in 5 Gy fractions allows an equivalent LC compared to extended course chemoradiation with 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions. A short course of radiation may be more consistent with the goals of care of the oligometastatic rectal cancer patient who is at high risk of recurrence.
Document classification by machine: theory and practice

In this note, we present results concerning the theory and practice of determining for a given document which of several categories it best fits. We describe a mathematical model of classification schemes and the one scheme which can be proved optimal among all those based on word frequencies. Finally, we report the results of an experiment which illustrates the efficacy of this classification method.
A potential approach to porphyrins with β-pyrrole electron-withdrawing substituents

Abstract Amination of 3,4-pyrroledicarbonyl chloride with either dimethyl or diethylamine led to the synthesis of 3,4-bis(N,N-dialkylcarboxamide)pyrrole. When 3-carbomethoxy-4-pyrrolecarbonyl chloride was reacted with diethylamine in a similar manner, 3-carbomethoxy-4-(N,N-diethylcarboxamide)pyrrole was synthesized. Condensation of 3,4-bis(N,N-diethylcarboxamide)-pyrrole with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrobromic acid in ethanol led to a novel, highly soluble 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octakis(N,N-diethylcarboxamide)porphyrin. Metallation of this new porphyrin with metal salts in N,N-dimethylformamide produced metalloporphyrins. When the cobalt porphyrin was dissolved in acetone and dry air was bubbled through the solution for 50 hours, the presumed product was a cobalt porphyrin dioxygen adduct. When dry nitrogen was passed for 5 hours through a benzene solution of this dioxygen adduct, the product was the original cobalt porphyrin. Bubbling dry air for 150 hours through an acetone solution of the oxygen-free cobalt porphyrin led irreversibly to what is hypothesized to be a μ-oxocobalt porphyrin.
DSM-V from the perspective of the DSM-IV experience.

Objective: This article provides a brief overview of the development of the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in DSM-IV. Method: The process by which DSM-IV was developed is reviewed, including perspectives on what constitutes diagnostic validity and clinical utility, and their importance in assessing proposed changes in diagnostic criteria. Results: The question of whether alterations in diagnostic criteria would clearly improve clinical utility was a major consideration in the DSM-IV process. Because of concerns that changes in diagnostic criteria would be disruptive and might entail loss of established knowledge, the DSM-IV Task Force assumed a generally conservative stance vis-a-vis change. Conclusion: The process of developing DSM-V is just beginning, and it is far from clear what alterations in diagnostic criteria for eating disorders will occur. However, the evolution of DSM-IV may provide a useful perspective on the development of DSM-V. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007.
Using cluster evaluation in the context of science education reform

Cluster evaluation is a collaborative method for evaluating the impact of a set of projects with similar goals and objectives. As the evaluation is constructed out of the shared visions, values, and directions of the cluster of projects, new roles and relationships for evaluators emerge.
Enhancing International Research and Development-Project Activity on University Campuses: Insights From U.S. Senior International Officers

In the interconnected world of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, the ability of higher-education institutions to contribute to and benefit from international research undertak...
Generation of high-frequency electric field activity by turbulence in the Earth's magnetotail

Bursty bulk flow (BBF) events, frequently observed in the magnetotail, carry significant energy and mass from the tail region at distances that are often greater than 20 RE into the near-Earth plasma sheet at ∼10 RE where the flow is slowed and/or diverted. This region at ∼10 RE is referred to as the BBF braking region. A number of possible channels are available for the transfer or dissipation of energy in BBF events including adiabatic heating of particles, the propagation of Alfven waves out of the BBF braking region and into the auroral region, diverted flow out of the braking region, and energy dissipation within the braking region itself. This study investigates the generation of intense high-frequency electric field activity observed within the braking region. When present, these intense electric fields have power above the ion cyclotron frequency and almost always contain nonlinear structures such as electron phase space holes and double layers, which are often associated with field-aligned currents. A hypothesis in which the observed high-frequency electric field activity is generated by field-aligned currents resulting from turbulence in the BBF braking region is considered. Although linear Alfven waves can generate field-aligned currents, based on theoretical calculations, the required currents are likely not the result of linear waves. Observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites support the picture of a turbulent plasma leading to the generation of nonlinear kinetic structures. This work provides a possible mechanism for energy dissipation in turbulent plasmas.
Effect of long-chain branching on the rheology of 1,4-polyisoprene

Abstract The presence of long chain branches in 1,4-polyisoprene (PI) is shown to increase the sensitivity of temperature of the terminal relaxation. The excess activation energy associated with branching increases in proportion to the molecular weight of the branches. In these respects, PI behaves like other branched polymers, which means that the reptation-based interpretation of the temperature-dependence of branched polymers cannot be correct.
Still Among the Missing? A Content Analysis of LGBT Articles in Social Work Journals, 1998–2009

In 2002, Van Voorhis and Wagner published an article that examined how often, between 1988 and 1997, four major social work journals published content on gay and lesbian people. This content analysis is a follow-up to the previous one to see if the findings were different when the same four journals were examined between 1998 and 2009. As with the Van Voorhis and Wagner study, articles were coded depending upon their focus on HIV/AIDS and the gay community or other issues impacting gays and lesbians. Similarly, articles were coded depending on whether they focused on the client, worker, or macro system. This study found a decrease in the number of same-sex articles from 77 in the first analysis to only 50 in the present one. Furthermore, there was a decrease of almost 90% in the number of articles on HIV/AIDS, from 51 to 5. Van Voorhis and Wagner indicated that social work educators would not be able to easily find gay and lesbian content if they had to rely only on the four major journals. This study rea...
The photochemical reactions of 1,3-dimethyluracil with 1-aminopropane and poly-L-lysine.

Abstract— Irradiation of 1,3–dimethyluracil (DMU) in 1–aminopropane (AP) with u.v. light resulted in the formation of reduced and dimeric forms of DMU and adducts between DMU and AP. The formation of these compounds may be rationalized from the activation of either DMU or AP. Irradiation of DMU and poly-l-lysine in water with u.v. light resulted in the extensive binding of DMU to poly-l-lysine. The pyrimidine is probably attached to the e-carbon of the polypeptide at the 6–position. The biological implications of these studies are discussed.
Effect of spinal fluid pressure on cerebrospinal fluid formation.

Abstract The effect of spinal fluid pressure on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation was measured in rabbits and cats. A decreased rate of CSF production with increased perfusion pressure was found, which was best illustrated by paired comparisons in individual animals during ventriculocisternal perfusion at both low (−5 to −10 cm H2O) and high (20–25 cm H2O) perfusion pressure. Each animal was perfused at either pressure for 2 hr (rabbits) or 2.5 hr (cats) for steady-state measurements. After a gradual change in hydrostatic pressure, perfusion continued for an additional 1.5 hr (rabbits) or 2 hr (cats) when steady-state measurements were repeated. The mean rate of CSF production decreased in rabbits from 0.0081 to 0.0045 ml/min after the perfusion pressure was elevated. This effect was independent of whether the animals were perfused initially under high or low pressure. In cats, after a similar increase in perfusion pressure, the mean rate of CSF formation decreased from 0.0212 to 0.0102 ml/min.
The regulation of the synthesis of actin and two other proteins induced early in Dictyostelium discoideum development.

Abstract There is a large increase in the relative rate of synthesis of actin, and in the levels of actin mRNA, during the first hour of differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum . We have measured the relative rate of actin synthesis and the levels and the half-lives of actin mRNA during growth and at various times during development of wild-type Dictyostelium and of 12 developmental mutants. From these values we could calculate the rate of synthesis—presumably transcription—of functional actin mRNA during differentiation. During differentiation of wild-type cells the relative rate of actin message synthesis showed four distinct phases: (1) a 6.5- to 13.5-fold increase between 0 and 90 min; (2) a precipitous decrease after 90 min; (3) a return to an intermediate level of synthesis after 4 to 8 hr; and (4) a precipitous decrease again after 16 hr. All four mutant strains exhibited the first three changes, but only the mutant which aggregated and formed tips showed the final decrease in actin mRNA synthesis at 16 hr. The other three, which do not aggregate, continued actin mRNA synthesis at a high level. They always maintained a high level of actin mRNA with a normal half-life, and a high rate of actin synthesis. These experiments suggested that the late decrease in actin message synthesis is dependent on a “late” controlling event and may require aggregation or tip formation. We also describe the properties of two proteins synthesized only during the first 90 min of development. The synthesis of these proteins increases at least 8-fold by 45 min and then decreases equally rapidly. These changes were explained by a parallel increase and decrease in the levels of the cytoplasmic messages for the two proteins. Therefore, the synthesis of these proteins is regulated by the transcription and degradation of their messages rather than by any sort of translational control. Moreover, the messages for these proteins have particularly short half-lives, less than 13 min, compared to 200−300 min for other Dictyostelium mRNAs. We calculated that the rates of synthesis of these messages also increased rapidly during the first 45 min of development and subsequently decreased equally rapidly. One of twelve developmental mutants examined does not synthesize these proteins during early development. This result suggested that a regulatory event controlling early development may also control the synthesis of these proteins.
UNRECOGNIZED PERSISTENCE OF BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE IN DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

We quantitated serial serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) levels using the Ketosite method in 9 children with IDDM who were treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and compared them to urinary keton...
Pathology correlates of a Papanicolaou diagnosis of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to compare findings after a cytologic report of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL-H) with findings after a report of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). METHODS. A review of patient records revealed that 312 women had cytologic findings of LSIL-H, and 324 consecutive women in a comparison group had cytologic findings of LSIL during 2005. Findings over 6 months after diagnosis were retrieved and analyzed using chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and independent group t tests. RESULTS. Histology was available for 194 of 312 women (64%) with LSIL-H and for 184 of 324 women (57%) with LSIL. Of these, 47 of 194 women (24%) with LSIL-H had grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or greater (CIN2+) versus 13 of 184 women (7%) with LSIL (P < .0001). No cancers were identified. High-grade SIL cytology was reported in 2 of 105 women who had LSIL (2%) and in 4 of 93 women who had LSIL-H (4%). Women with LSIL-H who were positive for CIN2+ were younger than those without CIN2+ (25 years vs 30 years; P = .0067) CONCLUSIONS. Clinicians whose laboratories report LSIL-H should manage women who have LSIL-H with colposcopy, whereas only serial cytologic surveillance is required after a report of LSIL. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Homosexuality and HIV in Africa: An Essay on Using Entertainment Education as a Vehicle for Stigma Reduction

HIV transmission in sub Saharan Africa has been consistently reported to be heterosexual. The existence of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) has been denied and the epidemic among them ignored although homosexuality in the continent has been documented. Consequently, limited research has been conducted among Africa’s MSM. Homophobia has been reported as one of the key forces driving Africa’s epidemic because stigma and discrimination may make MSM a hard-to-reach group for HIV prevention and early treatment services. We conducted searches in journals, newspapers, UNAIDS and MSM web sites to read laws, abuse, and discrimination of MSM. We reviewed literature on entertainment education and its success in addressing social, political, and health issues worldwide in order to propose a solution to the issue. Fifty-five percent of African countries have laws against sex between men. Penalties range from fines, imprisonment, or death. Official harassments, state sponsored homophobia and threats against MSM have been documented. Stigmatization can create barriers to testing, restrict utilization of prevention programs, condom use, and failure to disclose HIV status to sexual partners. This paper suggests a communication strategy such as entertainment education to raise awareness and tolerance and to promote action in the fight against HIV/AIDS epidemic and related stigmatization among Africa’s MSM. Entertainment Education which derives from various theories can be disseminated through radio or TV and can bring behavior and social change by offering the audience an opportunity for social learning. It has been effective worldwide and examples include Grey’s Anatomy, ER, Philadelphia, Soul City, Eastenders, and the telenovela Simplemente Maria and can pave way for HIV prevention and treatment in a vulnerable population.
The analysis of cross-coupling effects on the stability of two-dimensional, orthogonal, feedback control systems

The analysis of two-dimensional cross-coupled feedback control systems is studied because many such systems are in existence, and methods for their analysis and criteria for measuring their performance have had only limited attention in the technical literature [1]-[6]. Previous literature has generally been in the area of matrix analysis of multidimensional or multiloop systems, and has not treated the handling of poles and zeros in the complex s - plane or cross-coupling, as they are treated in this paper. An algebraic model is developed for a generalized system, using the assumption that all components of the system, including the cross-coupling transfer function, may be represented by expressions in the complex frequency domain which have real-time domain equivalents describable by linear differential equations. The stability of the two-dimensional, cross-coupled, feedback control system is studied by complex-plane methods, and a method is developed for determining whether a system is stable or not. A technique is also indicated to show how an unstable system may be made stable by the introduction of appropriate cross-coupling.
Enhanced anorexic responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine during lithium administration to fawn-hooded rats.

Abstract In the present study, we investigated whether functional adaptational changes in the serotonergic neurotransmitter mechanisms regulating food intake following long-term lithium treatment in Fawn-Hooded rats (a rat strain suggested to represent a genetic model of depression) were different or similar to those previously observed in Wistar rats. Long-term (21–25 days) lithium treatment accentuated m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP, a 5-HT agonist) induced decreases in food intake. There was no significant difference in either brain m-CPP concentrations or hypothalamic norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations between control and long-term lithium-treated rats following m-CPP. However, hypothalamic serotonin concentrations were significantly higher in long-term lithium-treated compared to saline-treated animals. This finding contrasts with our previous report demonstrating attenuation of m-CPP-induced anorexia in Wistar rats following similar long-term lithium treatment, and therefore suggests a differential adaptation in the serotonergic neurotransmitter mechanisms regulating food intake in a genetic animal model of depression.
Reaction between [Ir(COD)(PMe3)3]Cl and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid: Tridentate N, O and C bonding

Abstract The reaction between the electron-rich iridium(I) complex, [Ir(COD)(PMe3)3]Cl, and the amino acid, 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid leads to the direct formation of a product with facial geometry about the iridium center with three PMe3 groups, and tripodal coordination of the amino acid via N, O and C. The synthesis of this product can be visualized as involving the formation of an iridium hydride followed by insertion of the pendant alkene. Two different crystal structures of the product were determined, one containing a chloride counterion and one with a tetraphenylborate counterion. The change in counterion leads to very different intermolecular interactions.
Spontaneous antepartum hemorrhage while awaiting preoperative balloon occlusion for placenta percreta

Abstract Temporary balloon occlusion and prophylactic internal iliac artery embolization are options to reduce the significant hemorrhage which can occur during operative management of placenta percreta. We report an interesting case of spontaneous massive uterine hemorrhage occurring during angiography performed for preoperative temporary internal iliac balloon occlusion.
Synthesis, characterization, and luminescence properties of magnesium coordination networks synthesized using an isophthalate linker

Two new magnesium-based isophthalate coordination networks result from the variation of solvent and temperature: Mg4(IPA)3(HCOO)2(DMF)2 [1; IPA = isophthalate; space group Fdd2, a = 22.480(5) A, b = 38.210(8) A, c = 8.8690(2), V = 7618(3) A
Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health throughout the world but disproportionately afflicts low-income nations. Persons in close contact with a patient with active pulmonary TB and those from endemic regions of the world are at highest risk of primary infection, whereas patients with compromised immune systems are at highest risk of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Tuberculosis can affect any organ system. Clinical manifestations vary accordingly but often include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Positive results on either a tuberculin skin test or an interferon-γ release assay in the absence of active TB establish a diagnosis of LTBI. A combination of epidemiological, clinical, radiographic, microbiological, and histopathologic features is used to establish the diagnosis of active TB. Patients with suspected active pulmonary TB should submit 3 sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli smears and culture, with nucleic acid amplification testing performed on at least 1 specimen. For patients with LTBI, treatment with isoniazid for 9 months is preferred. Patients with active TB should be treated with multiple agents to achieve bacterial clearance, to reduce the risk of transmission, and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Directly observed therapy is recommended for the treatment of active TB. Health care professionals should collaborate, when possible, with local and state public health departments to care for patients with TB. Patients with drug-resistant TB or coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus should be treated in collaboration with TB specialists. Public health measures to prevent the spread of TB include appropriate respiratory isolation of patients with active pulmonary TB, contact investigation, and reduction of the LTBI burden.
A hydrocarbon-soluble protein-lipid complex: characterization by chemical analysis, ultracentirfugation and electron microscopy

Abstract A protein extracted from myelin is shown to form a complex with phospholipids which is soluble in hydrocarbons. Complex formation is suggested by the solubility characteristics in hydrocarbon solvents of the protein with and without phospholipids. These complexes appear as defined entities on the basis of chemical analysis and the behaviour in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Electron microscope studies yield some insight as to how protein and phospholipid molecules may be assembled in the complex. The complex is treated and discussed strictly as a model system.
Holding and the fate of the analyst's subjectivity

The constructivist/relational perspective has challenged the analyst's emotional superiority, her omniscience, and her relative removal from the psychoanalytic dialogue. It at first appears to be antithetical to treatment approaches that emphasize the analyst's holding functions. In this essay I examine the holding model and its resolution from a relational perspective. I propose that the current discomfort with the holding function is related to its apparent, but not necessarily real, implications. I discuss the analyst's and patient's subjectivity during periods of holding. I believe that the holding process is essential when the patient has intensely toxic reactions to “knowing”; the analyst and is therefore not yet able to stand a mutual analytic experience. During holding, the patient experiences an illusion of analytictic attunement. This requires that the analyst's dysjunctive subjectivity be contained within the analyst, but not that it be abandoned. Ultimately, it is the transition from the holdi...
Analysis of MSH3 in Endometrial Cancers With Defective DNA Mismatch Repair

Objective To clarify the origin of defective mismatch repair (MMR) in sporadic endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI), a thorough mutation analysis was performed on the human mismatch repair gene MSH3. Methods Twenty-eight MSI-positive endometrial cancers were investigated for mutations in the human mismatch repair gene MSH3 using single-strand conformation variant (SSCV) analysis of all 24 exons. All variants were sequenced. Loss of heterozygosity was investigated at all MSH3 polymorphisms discovered. A subset of tumors were investigated for methylation of the 5' promoter region of MSH3 using Southern blot hybridization. Results An identical single-base deletion (delta A) predicted to result in a truncated proteins was discovered in six tumors (21.4%). This deletion occurs in a string of eight consecutive adenosine residues (A8). Because simple repeat sequences are unstable in cells with defective MMR, the observed mutation may be an effect, rather than a cause, of MSI. Evidence of inactivation of the second MSH3 allele in tumors with the delta A mutation would strongly support a causal role for these MSH3 mutations. However, there was no evidence of a second mutation, loss of sequences, or methylation of the promoter region in any of the tumors with the delta A mutation. Conclusion Although the delta A mutation is a frequent event in sporadic MSI-positive endometrial cancers, it may not be causally associated with defective DNA MMR.
Energy-filtered HREM images of valence-loss electrons

A theory is proposed to include the effects of valence excitations in electron image simulations for high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) based on the single inelastic scattering model. Under the small thickness approximation, this general theory reduces to the simplified theory of perfectly delocalized inelastic scattering model, in which the image can be considered to be an incoherent sum of those incident electrons of different energies weighted by the intensity distribution in the electron energy-loss spectrum from the area where the pattern was taken. The main effect of valence-loss is to introduce a focus shift due to chromatic aberration, resulting in contrast variation (or reversal) of the image. The generalization of this theory for simulations of interface images with considering surface and interface plasmon excitations is given. Calculations for GaAs surface profile images are demonstrated to show the effect of inelastic localization.
Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Calcasieu Ship Channel on the Hydrodynamics and Water-Substance Transport in Calcasieu Lake and Surrounding Wetlands

Calcasieu Lake is located in the heart of the Chenier Plain coastal wetland area, which is a geographical region that extends from Vermillion parish of Louisiana to Chambers county of Texas. On the north side of Calcasieu Lake, there is a heavily industrialized area and the Port of Lake Charles. A ship channel, Calcasieu Ship Channel, was constructed through the Calcasieu Lake connecting Lake Charles and Gulf of Mexico for safe navigation of crude oil, gasoline, and other products for local industries. Due to the increased size of the vessel, the ship channel was widened and deepened in recent years. However, the presence of the wide, deep ship channel made significant impact on the hydrodynamics and water-substance transport in the lake and surrounding wetlands. The impact includes frequent flooding and abnormal salinity, nutrient and pollutant concentrations. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to study the impact. An unsteady depth-averaged shallow water equation set was implemented to simulate the hydrodynamics (1–4), while for the scalar particulate phase an unsteady depth-averaged scalar transport equation was implemented for the water-substance transport simulations. The results of flow phase agreed well with measurement data (5). The simulations with and without the ship channel were conducted and the results were compared to study the impact.© 2010 ASME
Giant magnetic susceptibility enhancement in field-structured nanocomposites

We demonstrate through experiment and simulation that when mono-domain Fe nanoparticles are formed into chains by the application of a magnetic field, the susceptibility of the resulting structure is greatly enhanced (11.4-fold) parallel to the particle chains and is much larger than transverse to the chains. Simulations show that this significant enhancement is expected when the susceptibility of the individual particles approaches 5 in MKS units, and is due to the spontaneous magnetization of individual particle chains, which occurs because of the strong dipolar interactions. This large enhancement is only possible with nanoparticles, because demagnetization fields limit the susceptibility of a spherical multi-domain particle to 3 (MKS). Experimental confirmation of the large susceptibility enhancement is presented, and both the enhancement and the susceptibility anisotropy are found to agree with simulation. The specific susceptibility of the nanocomposite is 54 (MKS), which exceeds the highest value we have obtained for field-structured composites of multi-domain particles by a factor of four.
BUSINESS RELOCATION PROCESS AT THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Details are given of the business relocation program at the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), with a focus on the adequacy of federal payment ceilings for reestablishment and in-lieu-of-moving-costs (ILO) benefits. Under the federal Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, relocated businesses have two payment options: reimbursement of actual moving costs and business reestablishment expenses or an ILO payment. The act specifies a $10,000 maximum, or ceiling, for reestablishment payments and a $20,000 maximum for ILO payments. Reports and policies on business relocations were reviewed, and interviews with relocation professionals in Virginia, other states, and the Federal Highway Administration were conducted. The study also included a mail survey of businesses relocated by VDOT. Statistical analyses were performed using VDOT business relocation data to estimate (a) what the average reestablishment and ILO payments would have been without the federal limits and (b) how much higher the limits would need to be to ensure that the majority of relocated businesses were compensated adequately. Substantial evidence was found that the federal limits on reestablishment and ILO payments are too low. For businesses relocated by VDOT, a maximum reestablishment payment of $26,534 and a maximum ILO payment of $31,112 would provide much more assurance that most businesses were being compensated for their true relocation costs (both values unadjusted for inflation since 1987).
A Novel Adaptor Converts a Laparoscope Into a High-Definition Rigid Sigmoidoscope

The rigid sigmoidoscope is an important tool in a surgeon’s armamentarium, yet it has remained essentially unchanged despite poor imaging and the inability to project or record the images. Herein we report our initial experience with a novel introducer built from readily available operating room supplies and designed to convert any standard laparoscope into a high-definition rigid sigmoidoscope.
An hypothesis for the role of the spine in human locomotion: A challenge to current thinking

Locomotion was first achieved by the motion of the spine. The limbs came after, as an improvement, not as a substitute; and yet, analysis of bipedal gait concentrates almost exclusively on the motion of the limbs. The requirements for land locomotion are examined from a general point of view and the evolution of the vertebrate spine is presented as a mechanism designed to move the animal. The necessary spinal movements are also analysed; the role of the musculoskeletal system is discussed and it is shown that the lumbar spine is a key structure in land locomotion, the pelvis being driven by the spine. The optimum control of motion demands that the stress at all the intervertebral joints should be minimized and equalized. This theory of locomotion requires the central nervous system to control the torque at those intervertebral joints and suggests that a breakdown of the control system would result in torsional failure of the spine. The theory is supported by EMG, force and torque data collected from several sources.
The possibility of a 4He2 bound state, effective range theory, and very low energy He–He scattering

The best available intermolecular potential for helium by Aziz, Nain, Carley, Taylor, and McConville is shown here for the first time to have a 4He2 bound state. Two numerical analyses, namely, eigenvalue solution and effective range theory, are used to support this conclusion. Unlike usual chemically bound species, the binding energy of this very weakly bound level is found to be only 8.3×10−4 K, which is four orders of magnitude smaller than the potential well depth e = 10.8 K. The scattering length for He+He collisions, determined from effective range theory, is used to calculate the elastic cross section in the very low energy limit. The results (1.878×105 A2 for 4He+4He and 6.035×102 A for 3He+3He) are consistent with measurements at the lowest velocities yet attained. In terms of the estimated uncertainties of the parameters of the potential of Aziz and co‐workers, it is shown that it is very likely that a bound state of the 4He2 molecule does in fact exist.