cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dune deformation in a multi‐directional wind regime: White Sands Dune Field, New Mexico

As with most dune fields, the White Sands Dune Field in New Mexico forms in a wind regime that is not unimodal. In this study, crescentic dune shape change (deformation) with migration at White Sands was explored in a time series of five LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and compared to a record of wind direction and speed during the same period. For the study period of June 2007 to June 2010, 244 sand-transporting wind events occurred and define a dominant wind mode from the SW and lesser modes from the NNW and SSE. Based upon difference maps and tracing of dune brinklines, overall dune behavior consists of crest-normal migration to the NE, but also along-crest migration of dune sinuosity and stoss superimposed dunes to the SE. The SW winds are transverse to dune orientations and cause most forward migration. The NNW winds cause along-crest migration of dune sinuosity and stoss bedforms, as well as SE migration of NE-trending dune terminations. The SSE winds cause ephemeral dune deformation, especially crestal slipface reversals. The dunes deform with migration because of differences in dune-segment size, and differences in the lee-face deposition rate as a function of the incidence angle between the wind direction and the local brinkline orientation. Each wind event deforms dune shape, this new shape then serves as the boundary condition for the next wind event. Shared incidence-angle control on dune deformation and lee-face stratification types allows for an idealized model for White Sands dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A functional explanation for the effects of visual exposure on preference

Visual exposure to an object can modulate an observer's degree of preference for it, initially enhancing preference (a `familiarity preference' regime), and eventually lowering it again (a `novelty preference' regime). Here we investigate whether there may be a functional advantage to modulating preference in this way. We put forth the simple hypothesis that degree of preference for an object of type X is the brain's estimate of the expected utility of acting to obtain X. In the light of this view of what preferences fundamentally represent, we are able to explain the `exposure effect' and many of the connected phenomena.
Response of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to shrubs in shortgrass prairie : linking small-scale movements and the spatial distribution of individuals

1. Organisms respond to the abundance and spatial distribution of resources at both individual and population scales but there have been relatively few attempts to link insights from studies of these different phenomena, especially for wide-ranging vertebrates. 2. Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were live-trapped and tracked across a gradient of shrub cover in shortgrass prairie to determine patterns of abundance, microhabitat use and movements. 3. In areas with few shrubs, mice preferred shrub microhabitats and their movement trails were relatively straight. Both trail tortuosity and population density increased with increasing shrub cover, so that mice tended to accumulate in areas where their trails were most convoluted. However, movements were also linear where shrubs were dense, presumably because mice could achieve the benefits of association with shrubs without travelling directly beneath them. Areas with dense shrubs also had high but variable population densities, suggesting that other factors such as intraspecific interactions may have affected movements on a larger, home-range scale. 4. Apparent thresholds in the selective vs random use of shrubs, movement patterns and abundance occurred over a narrow range of shrub cover where shrubs were most aggregated, underscoring the importance of both shrub density and dispersion. Non-linear relationships in the response to resources at both behavioural and population scales thus may complicate our ability to predict abundance from individual movements across a broad range of resource distributions.
A non-iterative compact model for carbon nanotube FETs incorporating source exhaustion effects

A non-iterative compact model for CNFET is described. We show that source exhaustion is an important characteristic in devices operating under ballistic transport, which sets a fundamental limit for device current. Source engineering to supply enough carriers for high current will be very important. The utility of this compact model has been demonstrated by using it in a system-level optimization program that determines optimal device design parameters within a given system design constraint (e.g power). Our optimization results show that CNFETs have great potential for very advanced technology nodes.
Efficient functionalization of aromatic C-H bonds catalyzed by gold(III) under mild and solvent-free conditions.

A gold(III)-catalyzed carbon−carbon bond formation reaction between arenes and electron-deficient alkynes or alkenes is described. Electron-rich arenes can be efficiently functionalized with the alkyne or alkene substrates. This reaction can be run with neat reactants at ambient temperature. Under the “solventless” conditions, clean product was obtained from a reaction of equal molar amounts of arene and alkyne substrates. The mild conditions and potential tolerance to different functional groups make this method practical for arene functionalization and for constructing complicated molecules. Efficient preparation of various coumarins from aryl alkynoates was demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed to probe the pathway of this reaction.
Fourth‐order finite difference simulation of a differentially heated cavity

We present benchmark simulations for the 8: 1 differentially heated cavity problem, the focus of a special session at the first MIT conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics in June 2001. The numerical scheme is a fourth-order finite difference method based on the vorticity-stream function formulation of the Boussinesq equations. The momentum equation is discretized by a compact scheme with the no-slip boundary condition enforced using a local vorticity boundary condition. Long-stencil discretizations are used for the temperature transport equation with one-sided extrapolation applied near the boundary. The time stepping scheme for both equations is classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta. The main step is the solution of two discrete Poisson-like equations at each Runge–Kutta time stage, which are solved using FFT-based methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosive gas environmental testing for electrical contacts

Corrosive gas environmental tests are used to predict the reliability of electrical connectors used in data system products under conditions found in business office environments. A corrosive gaseous environmental acceleration test called G1(T) is evaluated through variations in testing conditions, in particular for those which differ from outside testing standards used in the connector industry. An investigation of those features of various acceleration tests which could be recommended for adoption into an industry-wide testing standard are reported. These studies could be important for gaining a consensus for support of an acceleration testing practice to predict corrosion reliability during the life of a product. Copper, nickel, and porous gold coupons (electroplated gold over nickel over copper) are used to determine the effects of each corrosive gas test environment. The corrosion of copper is quantified by coulometric reduction, while nickel is evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. The porous gold coupons are visually examined for the presence of pore and creep corrosion, which makes it possible to determine the degree of environmental exposure quickly. >
Advances in Autism

Autism is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic liability. It is not a unitary entity but a clinical syndrome, with variable deficits in social behavior and language, restrictive interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent advances in the genetics of autism emphasize its etiological heterogeneity, with each genetic susceptibility locus accounting for only a small fraction of cases or having a small effect. Therefore, it is not surprising that no unifying structural or neuropathological features have been conclusively identified. Given the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), approaches based on studying heritable components of the disorder, or endophenotypes, such as language or social cognition, provide promising avenues for genetic and neurobiological investigations. Early intensive behavioral and cognitive interventions are efficacious in many cases, but autism does not remit in the majority of children. Therefore, development of targeted therapies based on pathophysiologically and etiologically defined subtypes of ASD remains an important and achievable goal of current research.
Laser treatment of tattoos in darkly pigmented patients: Efficacy and side effects

Background: Many modalities for the treatment of tattoos and pigmented lesions produce a greater risk of complications in Fitzpatrick types V and VI skin because of an increased incidence of adverse pigmentary changes and keloidal scarring. In fair-skinned persons, Q-switched lasers have proved effective in removing pigmented lesions and tattoos without scarring. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and effects of Q-switched lasers on a small series of darkly pigmented patients with tattoos. Methods: Four patients of Ethiopian origin with facial and neck tribal tattoos were treated with both the Q-switched ruby and Nd:YAG lasers. One black woman with a multicolored tattoo on the mid chest was treated with the Q-switched ruby laser. Results: Clearing of all lesions was seen. The treatments did not result in scarring or permanent pigment changes other than the ones intended. Conclusion: Our results indicate that in darkly pigmented patients, Q-switched laser treatment of tattoos can be performed successfully. The longer wavelength Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is recommended when removing tattoos in darker complected persons. A test treatment is advised before treatment of large skin areas.
The Discursive and Operational Foundations of the National Nanotechnology Initiative in the History of the National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) role in, and influence on, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) can best be understood through an examination of the NSF's history. Because of the NSF's weakened position at its founding in 1950 and obstacles faced throughout its history, the NSF developed a discursive strategy that focuses on making a causal link between support for basic science and societal benefits, and an operational strategy focused on growing its constituency through infrastructural support. The hallmarks of both of these strategies are present in the NNI.
Rheology of poly(vinyl chloride) dry blends. II. Mathematical modeling for physical changes in processing

The effects of physical processing changes on Plasticorder behavior of a typical PVC dry blend are mathematically quantified using the random particulate transition model developed in Part I. The physical processing changes studied are Plasticorder bowl temperature, dry blend charge mass, rotor rpm and resin molecular weight. By quantifying the amount of change observed in the transition parameters (mean time for transition for i to occur, ti and standard deviation of the time required for transition i to occur, ti) as a result of the physical process changes, a two-fold benefit results. First, a mathematical means of altering only desired fusion characteristics by a precisely predetermined amount is now possible. Second, the sensitivity of different changes, provides insights into the more fundamental aspects of the fusion process itself. The extension of this technique to chemical changes in the dry blend formulation, which is the subject of Part III, is briefly discussed.
An Asymptotic Waterfilling Solution for AWGN MIMO System Channels

Exact waterfilling solutions for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are usually obtained using computationally costly iterative processes. In addition, the cost increases with the number of inputs and outputs, i.e. the size of the MIMO channel matrix. Systems with large channel matrices require less expensive solutions. Fortunately, by modeling the channel matrix as a random matrix is possible to take advantage of its statistics. This paper proposes a waterfilling solution based on the asymptotic behavior of the singular values of the channel matrix. The solution can be applied to any channel matrix realization, without the need of updating the channel state information.
PARSING AS DEDUCTION

By exploring the relationship between parsing and deduction, a new and more general view of chart parsing is obtained, which encompasses parsing for grammar formalisms based on unification, and is the basis of the Earley Deduction proof procedure for definite clauses. The efficiency of this approach for an interesting class of grammars is discussed.
Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin cytotoxicity in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is a widely used anti-tumor drug for the treatment of a broad range of human malignancies with successful therapeutic outcomes for head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It has been found to inhibit cell cycle progression and to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. However, its molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic action are poorly understood. We hypothesized that cisplatin induces cytotoxicity through DNA adduct formation, oxidative stress, transcriptional factors (p53 and AP-1), cell cycle regulation, stress signaling and apoptosis in APL cells. We used the APL cell line as a model, and applied a variety of molecular tools to elucidate the cytotoxic mode of action of cisplatin. We found that cisplatin inhibited cell proliferation by a cytotoxicity, characterized by DNA damage and modulation of oxidative stress. Cisplatin also activated p53 and phosphorylated activator protein (AP-1) component, c-Jun at serine (63, 73) residue simultaneously leading to cell cycle arrest through stimulation of p21 and down regulation of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases in APL cell lines. It strongly activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and up-regulation of caspase 3 activity. It also down regulated the p38MAPK pathway. Overall, this study highlights the molecular mechanisms that underline cisplatin toxicity to APL cells, and provides insights into selection of novel targets and/or design of therapeutic agents to treat APL.
Employment Law & Ethics: 7 Things You Need to Know About: Worker Classification (Presentation Slides)

These slides cover workers' compensation from its history to its benefits to its abuse. They include an evaluation of the no-fault trade off, the benefits provided, the premiums and the fraud & abuse that can accompany a program as big as workers' comp.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown outstanding clinical benefits in many tumor types. While the cytokine interleukin-2 was FDA approved to treat metastatic RCC over twenty years, this therapy is highly toxic and suffers from low response rates. Over the last decade an alternate method of stimulating antitumor T lymphocyte activity has been in clinical development: immune checkpoint inhibition. By blocking the pathways that dampen lymphocyte activity, the immune system can produce impressive antitumor responses which can be potentially durable. Ipilimumab, which blocks cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) activity, was the first immune checkpoint blocking agent to be FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The next generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway which likely work by re-activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These agents appear to be less toxic than high dose IL-2 or ipilimumab. Here we will review the progress in the field and focus on the early clinical trials for patients with metastatic RCC.
“I take up more responsibilities for my family's wellbeing” − A qualitative approach to the cultural aspects of resilience seen among young adults in Bengaluru, India

Resilience refers to the pursuit of positive in the face of adversity. The present study using qualitative methods aimed to identify culture-specific factors linked to resilience. Participants, (N=31, aged 16-24 years) whose parents were being treated for chronic medical conditions or psychiatric disorders at St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, were studied using Focused group discussion and In-depth interviews. Using the 'Grounded theory' approach, two major themes were identified as important factors influencing resilience: (1) Family and socially defined roles/responsibilities and in particular adherence to traditionally defined social responsibilities. (2) Participation in rituals and experiencing spirituality. Application and relevance of these themes in promoting resilience among young vulnerable adults are discussed.
Spontaneous Iliopsoas Muscle Hemorrhage Secondary to Ibrutinib (Imbruvica; Pharmacyclics): Brief Report.

Ibrutinib (Imbruvica; Pharmacyclics) is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitor of Burton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Attenuation of BTK signaling ultimately leads to inhibition of B-cell proliferation and apoptosis. After a series of clinical trials, the Food and Drug Administration approved ibrutinib in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2014 and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in 2015. Those trials included rare grade 3+ hemorrhagic events associated with ibrutinib. Herein, we report a unique presentation of back pain due to iliopsoas muscle hemorrhage in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia after initiation of ibrutinib.
Research progress of a kind of novel phenalic resin-benzoxazine resin

Benzoxazine resin has expected mechanical performance,high thermal stability and gpod molecule design performance. In this paper,the preparation method,characterization,curing mechanism,modification and property of benzoxazine were reviewed.
Polarization-ellipse rotation by induced gyrotropy in sodium vapor

We show that for a broad range of intensities the polarization ellipse of a laser beam can undergo rotation while propagating through an atomic vapor. The ellipse rotation is predicted to occur for the case in which the field is tuned near a J = 1/2 to J-1/2 transition of the atomic vapor and the input intensity is sufficiently strong to saturate the ground-state optical pumping but not the transition itself. Under these conditions, the ellipse rotation is independent of the laser intensity and, hence, is unlike the ellipse rotation predicted and observed by Maker and Terhune1 for a tensor nonlinear susceptibility.
Analysis of cancer genomes reveals basic features of human aging and its role in cancer development

Somatic mutations have long been implicated in aging and disease, but their impact on fitness and function is difficult to assess. Here by analysing human cancer genomes we identify mutational patterns associated with aging. Our analyses suggest that age-associated mutation load and burden double approximately every 8 years, similar to the all-cause mortality doubling time. This analysis further reveals variance in the rate of aging among different human tissues, for example, slightly accelerated aging of the reproductive system. Age-adjusted mutation load and burden correlate with the corresponding cancer incidence and precede it on average by 15 years, pointing to pre-clinical cancer development times. Behaviour of mutation load also exhibits gender differences and late-life reversals, explaining some gender-specific and late-life patterns in cancer incidence rates. Overall, this study characterizes some features of human aging and offers a mechanism for age being a risk factor for the onset of cancer.
Quantum superradiant and subradiant modes in plasmonic nanochannels

We present a a plasmonic route to superradiant and subradiant effects excited by a pair of two-level emitters embedded inside plasmonic nanochannels. These channels can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) response in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-Perot (FP) resonances in higher frequencies. The plasmonic resonant modes are found to enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between two different quantum emitters located inside the channels. The separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelength can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications to future quantum communication and computing systems.
Myocardial Regenerative Medicine

Myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack has high mortality rate. It is characterized by massive cardiomyocyte death and reduced cardiac function. MI is a major cause of heart failure. Effective therapies are critical to prevent infarcted heart from progressing into heart failure. Current clinical intervention after MI is mainly focused on coronary reperfusion with the purpose of reintroducing nutrient and oxygen into the damaged area. Yet reperfusion therapy cannot induce the regeneration of new cardiac muscle, and the damaged heart tissue cannot self-regenerate to restore normal tissue features and function. To fully restore cardiac function, transplantation of cells to compensate the lost cardiac cells is necessary. Therapies that improve the function of damaged heart tissue other than fully regeneration have also been explored. These include using acellular biomaterials and control of cardiac fibrosis. This chapter summarizes current approaches for cardiac regeneration and cardiac function improvement.
Wake-sleep circuitry: an overview.

Although earlier models of brain circuitry controlling wake–sleep focused on monaminergic and cholinergic arousal systems, recent evidence indicates that these play mainly a modulatory role, and that the backbone of the wake–sleep regulatory system depends upon fast neurotransmitters, such as glutmate and GABA. We review here recent advances in understanding the role these systems play in controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Increasing Lipolysis and Reducing Atherosclerosis

In patients with coronary artery disease, residual cardiovascular risk remains substantial even after levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have been effectively lowered by treatment with statins, ezetimibe, or antibodies targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Many of these patients have elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often in the context of obesity and insulin resistance. A causal relationship between elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and coronary artery disease has been suggested by mendelian randomization studies in which polymorphisms in genes that are linked to higher levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have also been found to be associated with coronary artery . . .
In vivo label-free structural and biochemical imaging of coronary arteries using an integrated ultrasound and multispectral fluorescence lifetime catheter system

Existing clinical intravascular imaging modalities are not capable of accurate detection of critical plaque pathophysiology in the coronary arteries. This study reports the first intravascular catheter combining intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) that enables label-free simultaneous assessment of morphological and biochemical features of coronary vessels in vivo. A 3.7 Fr catheter with a fiber-optic channel was constructed based on a 40 MHz clinical IVUS catheter. The ability to safely acquire co-registered FLIm-IVUS data in vivo using Dextran40 solution flushing was demonstrated in swine coronary arteries. FLIm parameters from the arterial wall were consistent with the emission of fluorophores present in healthy arterial wall (collagen, elastin). Additionally, structural and biochemical features from atherosclerotic lesions were acquired in ex vivo human coronary samples and corroborated with histological findings. Current results show that FLIm parameters linked to the amount of structural proteins (e.g. collagen, elastin) and lipids (e.g. foam cells, extracellular lipids) in the first 200 μm of the intima provide important biochemical information that can supplement IVUS data for a comprehensive assessment of plaques pathophysiology. The unique FLIm-IVUS system evaluated here has the potential to provide a comprehensive insight into atherosclerotic lesion formation, diagnostics and response to therapy.
Detecting Data Integrity Attacks in Smart Grid

The smart grid, which is denoted as a next‐generation power grid system, integrates information and communication techniques in order to enable efficiency and reliability in energy service for consumers. This chapter shows a framework that can be used to explore different attack scenarios and design detection schemes to deal with data integrity attacks. It introduces the network model and the threat model, and then presents an approach to defend against data integrity attacks in the smart grid. The chapter then discusses the extension of work from the following aspects: detection schemes, scalability of detection, and other defensive schemes. It describes three detection schemes: statistical anomaly‐based detection, machine learning‐based detection, and sequential hypothesis testing‐based detection, and considers both line voltage and power load as detection features. The chapter also presents the performance evaluation conducted to validate the effectiveness of the investigated detection schemes to detect attacks. It explains the evaluation setup and then presents the results.
Navigating Critical Thresholds in Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Olympic National Park

As global climate change brings an increasing number of ecosystems closer to critical thresholds, land managers face new challenges regarding how to avoid and/or adapt to these dramatic changes. This paper focuses on park management for wildlife species in Olympic National Park, United States. The Olympic Marmot (Marmota olympus) and anadromous fish species are of specific concern, as ecosystems near thresholds due to warming temperatures, change in species interactions, and the loss or degradation of critical habitat. Interviews with 30 park managers and government agency staff indicate that there are many barriers to successfully navigating ecological thresholds. Park managers have limited resources for monitoring and priorities still focus on current conditions rather than anticipating future ecosystem change. In addition, many drivers of ecological change take place outside of park boundaries and require larger-scale approaches. In order to proactively navigate thresholds and protect wildlife species, park managers will need more resources, flexibility, and cooperation outside of park boundaries.
A quality assurance program for clinical PDT

Successful outcome of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on accurate delivery of prescribed light dose. A quality assurance program is necessary to ensure that light dosimetry is correctly measured. We have instituted a QA program that include examination of long term calibration uncertainty of isotropic detectors for light fluence rate, power meter head intercomparison for laser power, stability of the light-emitting diode (LED) light source integrating sphere as a light fluence standard, laser output and calibration of in-vivo reflective fluorescence and absorption spectrometers. We examined the long term calibration uncertainty of isotropic detector sensitivity, defined as fluence rate per voltage. We calibrate the detector using the known calibrated light fluence rate of the LED light source built into an internally baffled 4″ integrating sphere. LED light sources were examined using a 1mm diameter isotropic detector calibrated in a collimated beam. Wavelengths varying from 632nm to 690nm were used. The internal LED method gives an overall calibration accuracy of ±4%. Intercomparison among power meters was performed to determine the consistency of laser power and light fluence rate measured among different power meters. Power and fluence readings were measured and compared among detectors. A comparison of power and fluence reading among several power heads shows long term consistency for power and light fluence rate calibration to within 3% regardless of wavelength. The standard LED light source is used to calibrate the transmission difference between different channels for the diffuse reflective absorption and fluorescence contact probe as well as isotropic detectors used in PDT dose dosimeter.
DEVELOPING STATISTICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR TEACHING DURING DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH

Statistical knowledge for teaching is not precisely equivalent to statistics subject matter knowledge. Teachers must know how to make statistics understandable to others as well as understand the subject matter themselves. This dual demand on teachers calls for the development of viable teacher education models. This paper offers one such model, which relies upon engaging teachers in design-based research. Teachers collaborate with a researcher to design, implement, and analyze instruction to pursue desired statistical learning outcomes for students. The researcher allows teachers enough autonomy to make and learn from mistakes during the process. Unpacking and addressing the mistakes has value as a means of teacher learning. The model and a specific instance of its implementation are described along with reflections on how productive mistakes during design-based research provide opportunities for fostering the development of statistical knowledge for teaching. First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Outpatient Surgical Management of Orbital Blowout Fractures

There is ample investigation into the optimal timing and approach to orbital blowout fracture (OBF) repair; however, less attention has been directed toward postoperative care. This is a multicenter IRB-approved retrospective review of patients with OBF presenting to our study sites between November 2008 and August 2016. Those with isolated OBF, over 18 years of age, and who had not suffered additional facial injuries or globe trauma were included. A total of 126 surgical cases of isolated OBF repair were identified that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria; 42.1% were outpatient repairs while the remaining 57.9% were admitted for overnight monitoring. Time elapsed prior to repair differed between the two groups at a mean of 8.4 days versus 5.2 days for the outpatient and inpatient cohorts, respectively (p = 0.001). A majority of inpatient cases underwent immediate repair, while a majority of outpatient cases were delayed. There were two cases of RBH in the outpatient cohort resulting in an overall incidence of 1.6%. In both instances, a significant change in clinical exam including decreased visual acuity, diplopia, and eye pain prompted repeat evaluation and immediate intervention for hematoma evacuation. Estimated hospital charges to the patient's insurance for key components of an inpatient versus outpatient isolated OBF repair amounted to a total cost of $9,598.22 for inpatient management and $7,265.02 for outpatient management without reflexive postoperative imaging. Reflexive postoperative CT scans were obtained in 76.7% of inpatient cases and only two led to a reoperation. No outpatient repairs included reflexive postoperative imaging. Outpatient OBF repair is an attractive alternative to inpatient management. The potential cost savings of outpatient management of OBF, which do not detract from quality or safety of patient care, should not be ignored. Our results will hopefully contribute to updated shared practice patterns for all subspecialties that participate in the surgical management of OBF.
Maximum Entropy and Crack Geometry in Granitic Rocks

The maximum entropy method is used to infer the dimensions of cracks in granitic rocks from measurements made under confining pressure of their hydraulic permeability and of their electrical conductivity. The fluctuations of crack dimensions are characterized by a crack spectrum which gives the frequency of occurrence of cracks as a function of their cross-sectional length and aspect ratio in the absence of stress. First, using an effective medium approximation, the variations of the transport coefficients resulting from crack deformation under pressure are expressed by averaging the pressure-dependent crack electrical or hydraulic contributions over the unknown crack spectrum. Next, the maximum entropy crack spectrum in Westerly granite is determined from laboratory measurements of the transport coefficients. The predicted spectrum is comparable to the distribution of dimensions estimated from direct observations of cracks with a scanning electron microscope. The main features of the calculated spectrum are interpreted from a model of growth of the microfissures during cooling of the granite.
PADGEM (GMP140) is a component of Weibel-Palade bodies of human endothelial cells

PADGEM protein (PADGEM), also known as GMP140, is a platelet alpha-granule membrane protein that is translocated to the external membrane after platelet activation. Although the biosynthesis of this protein was originally thought to be confined to megakaryocytes, the synthesis of PADGEM in endothelial cells was recently demonstrated (McEver et al: Blood 70:1974a, 1987). We now describe the subcellular localization of this protein in endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining of permeabilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells with KC4, a well characterized monoclonal antibody to PADGEM, showed positively stained elongated structures similar in distribution and shape to Weibel-Palade bodies. Their identity as Weibel-Palade bodies was confirmed by double label immunofluorescence using KC4 and a polyclonal antiserum to von Willebrand factor (vWf), a protein known to be specifically stored in these organelles. All Weibel-Palade bodies were found to contain PADGEM. In contrast to strong perinuclear staining produced with anti-vWf antibodies, no significant perinuclear staining was obtained with KC4, indicating that relatively little PADGEM is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus. In endothelial cells treated with secretagogues that stimulate vWf release the elongated structures positive for PADGEM disappeared, further identifying these structures as Weibel-Palade bodies. This observation extends the parallels between Weibel-Palade bodies and alpha-granules and suggests a possible functional association between vWf and PADGEM.
Ray tracing calculations in simulated propellant flames with detailed chemistry

Optical measurements in propellant flames are necessary to understand the combustion physics, yet these conditions provide challenges in probing the flame and may introduce uncertainty into the measurement. This work reports the use of simulations of an ammonium perchlorate propellant flame with finite rate chemistry to understand the role of ammonium perchlorate particle size and pressure on the uncertainty of imaging-based measurements on propellant flames. A two-dimensional ray tracing code was developed to incorporate the effects of the species concentration and temperature gradients on ray refraction within propellant flames. It was determined that the effects of the flame structure based upon pressure and oxidizer particle size increases the amount of ray deflection particularly at high pressures explaining a cause for challenges of aluminum agglomerate measurements at elevated pressure. This framework shows promise for understanding limitations and uncertainties of optical measurements for reacting and turbulent flows.
Understanding the High Cost of Insulin: What Family Physicians Can Do to Help Our Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Through clinical and system-level interventions, family physicians can push back against the high cost of insulin and help patients with type 2 diabetes afford these essential medications.
Democratic Contradictions in European Settler Colonies

How did political institutions emerge and evolve under colonial rule? This article studies a key colonial actor and establishes core democratic contradictions in European settler colonies. Although European settlers’ strong organizational position enabled them to demand representative political institutions, the first hypothesis qualifies their impulse for electoral representation by positing the importance of a metropole with a representative tradition. Analyzing new data on colonial legislatures in 144 colonies between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries shows that only British settler colonies—emanating from a metropole with representative institutions—systematically exhibited early elected legislative representation. The second hypothesis highlights a core democratic contradiction in colonies that established early representative institutions. Applying class-based democratization theories predicts perverse institutional evolution—resisted enfranchisement and contestation backsliding—because sizable European settler minorities usually composed an entrenched landed class. Evidence on voting restrictions and on legislature disbandment from Africa, the British Caribbean, and the US South supports these implications and rejects the Dahlian path from competitive oligarchy to full democracy.
An Exploratory Study of the Lived Experience of Individuals With Functional Movement Disorder (FMD)

Date Presented 04/04/19 The purpose of this presentation is to educate OT practitioners about functional movement disorder (FMD) from the perspective of the people living with the condition. It will include data from five participants living with FMD about how the disorder has impacted their participation in major areas of life. It aims to raise awareness about the disorder and the opportunity for the OT profession to play a key role in improving the quality of life for people living with FMD. Primary Author and Speaker: Stephanie Zuba-Bates Contributing Authors: Perla Serrano, Peggy Pareti, Alma Lopez, Fatimah Chaudhary, Kassi Cambron, Erika Banks
TRIPLE PULMONARY HYPERTENSIVE THERAPY IN EISENMENGER SYNDROME

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can lead to irreversible pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) culminating in Eisenmenger syndrome. This precludes surgical repair with medical management of PAH being the mainstay of treatment. We present a rural 21 year old male with pulmonary hypertension who
Variation, plasticity, and alternative mating tactics: Revisiting what we know about the socially monogamous prairie vole

Abstract Comparative research on arvicoline rodents has provided important insights into the neurobiological basis of social bonds. Within the last two decades, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has emerged as a model organism for studying monogamy and has become a cornerstone in the study of mechanisms underlying pair bonds, parental care, and aggression. One limitation of these laboratory studies is that they often reduce the complexity of mating decisions to broad behavioral variables (i.e., partner preference, pup retrieval, intruder aggression). For example, often overlooked is the fact that although prairie voles have the biological capacity to form pair bonds, laboratory and field studies have shown individual variation in the expression of monogamous behaviors. In naturalistic studies of prairie voles, individuals often assume one of several distinct alternative mating tactics (i.e., residents, rovers, or wanderers) which loosely represent a gradient away from strict monogamy. The existence of alternative mating tactics within a monogamous mating system offers a rich yet relatively overlooked avenue of inquiry. Emerging research into prairie vole alternative mating tactics is providing novel insights into how individuals incorporate cues from their ecological and social landscapes to influence the flexible expression of reproductive decisions. This review provides an overview of research and theory on alternative mating tactics in prairie voles, and their potential contributions to an integrative understanding of social behavior.
Jason E. Taylor, Deconstructing the Monolith: The Microeconomics of the National Industrial Recovery Act

Abstract. After two years of languished recovery, additional measures were needed, and within six weeks of early 1933, policy makers armed with modern economic theory developed a plan to restructure the US economy and combat the worsening Great Depression. In Reconstructing the Monolith , Jason Taylor synthesizes his and other scholar’s research to address the National Industrial Recovery Act. Keywords. Microeconomics, Nartional industrial, Monolith. JEL. B21, D00, D20, D40.
Lifestyle intervention for Latina cancer survivors and caregivers: the Nuestra Salud randomized pilot trial.

Assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an integrated symptom management and lifestyle intervention (SMLI) to improve adherence to the American Cancer Society’s (ACS) Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity in Latina cancer survivors and their informal caregivers (dyads). Forty-five dyads were randomized to a 12-week telephone-delivered intervention or attention control. Intervention effects on nutrition, physical activity, symptom burden, and self-efficacy for symptom management were estimated using Cohen’s ds. Mean age was 64 for survivors and 53 for caregivers. Feasibility was demonstrated by the 63% consent rate out of approached dyads. The SMLI was acceptable for 98% of dyads. Among survivors, medium-to-large effect sizes were found for increased servings of total fruits and vegetables (d = 0.55), vegetables (d = 0.72), and decreased sugar intake (d = − 0.51) and medium clinically significant effect sizes for total minutes of physical activity per week (d = 0.42) and grams of fiber intake per day (d = 0.40) for intervention versus attention control. Additionally, medium-to-large intervention effects were found for the reduction of symptom burden (d = 0.74). For caregivers, medium-to-large intervention effects were found for reduced total sugar intake (d = − 0.60) and sugar intake from sugar-sweetened beverages (d = − 0.65); vegetable intake was increased with a medium effect size (d = 0.41). SMLI was feasible and acceptable for both dyadic members. A larger, well-powered trial is needed to formally evaluate SMLI effectiveness. Integrating symptom management with lifestyle behavior interventions may increase adherence to the ACS guidelines on nutrition and physical activity to prevent new and recurrent cancers.
The ABCs of ovarian cancer immunology: IgA, B cells, and CTLs

Intratumoral B cells in ovarian cancers produce IgA, which binds tumor antigens and inhibit tumor growth through myeloid cell-dependent mechanisms or by neutralization of secreted factors, and by antigen-nonspecific binding to poly-Ig receptor on cancer cells leading to transcytosis, which sensitizes the cells for CTL killing.
Vlasov–Poisson–Fokker–Planck equation in E2,1s space

In this paper, we are concerned about the local-in-time well-posedness of the Vlasov–Poisson–Fokker–Planck equation in E2,1s(R2n) which is a hybrid modulation Lebesgue space and related to the Gevery class only with respect to x variable. The difficulty lies in the estimates of the electronic term ∇xϕ. To handle this, we establish a product formula and L2-Lq estimate.
Defining Rigor in Justice-Oriented EdD Programs: Preparing Leaders to Disrupt and Transform Schools:

Faculty in practitioner-oriented EdD programs must continually defend the presence of rigor in their programs. The existence of rigor determines the preparedness of our educational leaders to disru...
Industry Needs for Software Engineering Education

Industry needs include both the need for persons with advanced skills in specialized areas and people with a broad understanding of the problems involved in building software systems. This section presents a diversity of views on those needs and the ways in which universities should prepare their graduates for the tasks which industry must accomplish.
Polymer-Bound Tetraruthenium and Tetrairidium Carbonyl Catalysts for Olefin Hydrogenation

Publisher Summary Tetraruthenium clusters with unique structures have been attached to solid polymeric supports and used to catalyze ethylene hydrogenation at 1 atm and 50–90°C. Polymer-bound analogs of [H 4 Ru 4 (CO) 12–x (PPh 3 ) x ) are synthesized by ligand exchange between [H 4 Ru 4 (CO) 12 ) and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) membranes functionalized with phosphine ligands. Rates of ethylene hydrogenation are measured with a flow reactor allowing simultaneous recording of the infrared spectra of the functioning catalyst. Each catalyst is stable, exhibiting undiminished activity after thousands of turnovers and presenting a carbonyl spectrum unchanged during catalysis and indistinguishable from that of the membrane incorporating the originally bound tetraruthenium cluster. Unique tetrairidium carbonyl clusters are also anchored to phosphine-functionalized poly (styrene-divinylbenzene), the metal species being identified by carbonyl infrared spectra as the clusters analogous to [Ir 4 (CO) 12–x (PPh 3 ) x ). Infrared spectra of polymer membranes functioning as catalysts for ethylene and cyclohexene hydrogenation in a flow reactor at 1 atm and 40–80° C indicates that the predominant metal species in each catalyst is the originally prepared tetrairidium cluster. Catalytic kinetics measured at
Optical interconnection networks in advanced computing systems

Publisher Summary This chapter is a review of the subject of interconnection networks for high-performance computers. Performance issues including latency, bandwidth, and power consumption are first presented, followed by discussions of design considerations including technology, topology, packet switching nodes, message structure and formation, performance analysis, and evaluation. High-performance computers today use multicore architectures involving multiple parallel processors interconnected to enhance the ultimate computational power. Thus the challenges of computer design have shifted from “computation-bound” to “communication-bound.” Photonic technology offers the promise of drastically extending the communications bound by using the concepts and technologies of lightwave communications for interconnecting and networking the individual multiprocessor chips and memory elements. The alternative, an increasingly large number of point-to-point links, has become too complex to design and to implement. The common trade-offs between performance metrics for a variety of network topologies and network management schemes are also discussed in the chapter. Photonic channels can support large amounts of data traffic across longer distances in a bandwidth-oriented design of a network connecting processing cores and memories. The communications can occur at very high throughputs with extraordinary energy efficiencies compared with equivalent electronic technologies.