cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of a human λ-chain (Weir) of the Mcg type☆

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the Bence-Jones protein Weir has been determined. This λII protein is of the Mcg type. Since a mixed dimer of Weir and Mcg can be prepared in a form suitable for crystallographic analysis it was of interest to compare the sequences of these two λ-chains. A total of 37 differences, which include one previously determined constant-region substitution, have been found.
Rationality, Political Orientation, and the Individualizing and Binding Moral Foundations

Is moral cognition rational or intuitive? This paper tests two competing theories of moral cognition: rational (i.e., Piaget and Kohlberg) vs. intuitive (i.e., Shweder and Haidt) through an investigation of the relationships of each to Haidt’s pluralistic moral theory. This theory claims that, in addition to an individualizing foundation (i.e., justice and harm avoidance), morality also includes a binding foundation (i.e., group and authority deference). Three-hundred and seventy-one undergraduates from two colleges in Maine (USA) completed a survey comprised of measures of rational and intuitive cognition, political orientation, disgust sensitivity, and the individualizing and binding moral foundations. The study found that rational thinking was the strongest predictor for both of the individualizing (harm/care and fairness/reciprocity) and two of the three binding moral foundations (ingroup/loyalty and authority/respect). Political orientation and disgust sensitivity, found in past studies to be related to these two moral foundation subscales were related, but more weakly, relative to rationality. While Haidt claims that moral cognition is intuitive, we found a more complex picture: low rational and high intuitive scores are characteristic of the binding moral foundations but the opposite is true of the individualizing moral foundations.
The effects of nutrients and temperature on biomass, growth, lipid production, and fatty acid composition of Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard

Batch cultures ofCyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard were grown at two different nutrient (nitrogen/silica) levels and at two different temperatures (20 and 30°C). Biomass and cell yields decreased with decreased levels of both the nutrients (nitrogen and silica) at 20 and 30°C; whereas lipids (total, neutral, and polar) increased with decreased levels of nutrients at these two temperatures. Changes in fatty acid composition were also noted; the diatoms produced increased amounts of fatty acids C14:0 and C16:0 when grown in nutrient-deficient medium. The influence of nutrient stress and temperature is discussed.
The effect of various flooring materials on performance and foot health of early-weaned pigs

Abstract The effects of various flooring materials on the performance and foot health of early-weaned piglets were evaluated in seven trials using 728 pigs. Pigs housed on galvanized flattened expanded metal, plastic-coated expanded metal, perforated galvanized panels, galvanized woven wire and plastic-coated woven wire had similar average daily gains, average daily feed intakes and feed/gain ratios. Foot pad scores were lower (less cuts, cracks and abrasions) for plastic-coated expanded metal, plastic-coated woven wire and perforated galvanized panels than for galvanized expanded metal and galvanized woven wire. While foot pad scores varied among flooring materials, none of the flooring materials produced lesions that resulted in any visible discomfort or inhibition of locomotion of the pigs. Correlation coefficients between individual pig body weight and foot pad scores were positively related indicating that body weight may be a factor contributing to lesion severity. Although foot pad lesions were common in the weanling pigs, with some variation due to flooring materials, there were no differential effects among the flooring materials evaluated on performance or visible comfort of the pigs.
Applying the Cox Proportional Hazards Model When the Change Time of a Binary Time-Varying Covariate Is Interval Censored

This paper develops methodology for estimation of the effect of a binary time-varying covariate on failure times when the change time of the covariate is interval censored. The motivating example is a study of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. We are interested in determining whether CMV shedding predicts an increased hazard for developing active CMV disease. Since a clinical screening test is needed to detect CMV shedding, the time that shedding begins is only known to lie in an interval bounded by the patient's last negative and first positive tests. In a Cox proportional hazards model with a time-varying covariate for CMV shedding, the partial likelihood depends on the covariate status of every individual in the risk set at each failure time. Due to interval censoring, this is not always known. To solve this problem, we use a Monte Carlo EM algorithm with a Gibbs sampler embedded in the E-step. We generate multiple completed data sets by drawing imputed exact shedding times based on the joint likelihood of the shedding times and event times under the Cox model. The method is evaluated using a simulation study and is applied to the data set described above.
Insights into the local residual entropy of proteins provided by NMR relaxation

A simple model is used to illustrate the relationship between the dynamics measured by NMR relaxation methods and the local residual entropy of proteins. The expected local dynamic behavior of well-packed extended amino acid side chains are described by employing a one-dimensional vibrator that encapsulates both the spatial and temporal character of the motion. This model is then related to entropy and to the generalized order parameter of the popular "model-free" treatment often used in the analysis of NMR relaxation data. Simulations indicate that order parameters observed for the methyl symmetry axes in, for example, human ubiquitin correspond to significant local entropies. These observations have obvious significance for the issue of the physical basis of protein structure, dynamics, and stability.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Aero-Optics and Adaptive Optics for Aero-Optics

Since the early 1980s when the Airborne Laser Laboratory (ALL) first demonstrated that a high-energy laser flown in a military aircraft was capable of performing both offensive and defensive missions, the concept of a speed-of-light weapon system has been in the mind of future weapons planners. The ALL used a powerful CO 2 laser which lased at 10.6 μm. The maximum intensity at the target for a diffraction-limited beam of power P o and aperture A is related to the inverse of wavelength λ times distance to the target R squared:
Structural and dynamic properties of colloids near jamming transition

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the jamming transitions occurring in colloidal dispersions interacting through a short-ranged van der Waals attraction and a longer-ranged electrostatic repulsion as represented by the classical Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The structural and dynamics properties near the jamming transition were investigated at various parameters leading to the dynamic arrest. The structural investigations revealed that at low-volume fractions, aggregation of particles lead to chain-like clusters and the gel-like structures were formed due to the caging effects. We demonstrated that following the behavior of any of the dynamical properties was sufficient to deduce the jamming phase diagram as all of them showed a critical-like behavior at the onset of the jamming transition. The simulation results also suggested that a long-range repulsive interaction was essential for the formation of a glass-like structure at low-colloidal volume fractions.
Accessibility attributes of blood glucose meter and home blood pressure monitor displays for visually impaired persons.

The vast majority of diabetes-related self-management technology utilizes small visual displays (SVDs) that often produce a low level of contrast and suffer from high levels of reflection (glare). This is a major accessibility issue for the 3.5 million Americans with diabetes who have reduced vision. The purpose of this article is to gather comparative data on the key display attributes of the SVDs used in blood glucose meters (BGMs) and home blood pressure monitors (HBPMs) on the market today and determine which displays offer the best prospect for being accessible to people with reduced vision. Nine BGMs and eight HBPMs were identified for this study on the basis of amount of devices sold, full-functionality speech output, and advanced display technologies. An optical instrumentation system obtained contrast, reflection (glare), and font height measurements for all 17 displays. The contrast, reflection, and font-height values for the BGMs and HBPMs varied greatly between models. The Michelson contrast values for the BGMs ranged from 11% to 98% and font heights ranged 0.39–1.00 in. for the measurement results. The HBPMs had Michelson contrast values ranging 55–96% and font height ranging 0.28–0.94 in. for the measurement results. Due largely to the lack of display design standards for the technical requirements of SVDs, there is tremendous variability in the quality and readability of BGM and HBPM displays. There were two BGMs and one HBPM that exhibited high-contrast values and large font heights, but most of the devices exhibited either poor contrast or exceptionally high reflection.
Sleep apnea in a high risk population: a study of Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries

Abstract Background and purpose In the present study we attempt to determine the prevalence of International Classification of Disease-ninth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) coded sleep apnea with cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) beneficiaries. Patients and methods Using VHA administrative databases, we gathered available medical information on more than 4 million veterans using the VHA during the period between 1998 and 2001. We identified database entries for codes indicating sleep apnea using the ninth revision of the Clinical Modification of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 CM); and tabulated demographic data including age, gender, ethnicity, and cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities. Results We found 118,105 unique cases (out of 4,060,504) with sleep apnea ICD-9 CM codes (prevalence of 2.91%). Mean age at diagnosis was 57.6 with more than 38% older than 65 years. Comorbid diagnoses in this group included hypertension (60.1%), obesity (30.5%), diabetes mellitus (32.9%), cardiovascular disease (including MI and angina) (27.6%), heart failure (13.5%), and cerebrovascular accident (including Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)) (5.7%). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of diagnosed sleep apnea among VHA beneficiaries. Additionally, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions were common in these patients.
The diffusion process approach to one-compartmental stochastic models: A mathematical note

We consider the one-dimension (one-compartment) exponential model using a diffusion process approach. In particular, we summarize the known results in the case where the stochastic component of the model is a Gaussian white noise process with mean zero and variance σ2. Finally, we briefly illustrate a number of cases where similar forms of model arise.
Cavernous sinus involvement in head and neck cancer

Spread of tumor to intracranial structures is an infrequent and late manifestation of head and neck cancers. We recently encountered six patients with a distinct clinical syndrome due to involvement of the cavernous sinus, which forms the basis of this report. This syndrome was a source of significant morbidity and mortality, with a mean survival of only 4 months. The diagnosis is often elusive, but is now made more commonly than previously. Whether this reflects increased incidence (due to alterations in the natural history of disease by therapy) or improved diagnosis (due to modern imaging modalities) is unknown. Cavernous sinus involvement may be the first evidence of distant disease in head and neck cancer. Although survival is poor, palliation is worthwhile. Awareness of this syndrome can lead to earlier diagnosis and alteration of treatment.
High-efficiency-release targets for use at ISOL facilities: computational design

This report describes efforts made at the oak Rklge NatiOnrd Laboratory to design high- efficiency-release targets that simultaneously incorporate the short diffusion lengths, high permeabilities, controllable temperatures, and heat-removal properties required for the generation of useful radioactive ion beam (RIB) intensities for nuclear physics and astrophysics research using the isotope separation on-line (ISOL) technique. Short diffusion lengths are achieved either by using thin fibrous target materials or by coating thin layers of selected target material onto low-density carbon fibers such as reticulated-vitreous-carbon fiber (RVCF) or carbon-bonded-carbon fiber (CBCF) to form highly permeable composite target matrices. Computational studies that simulate the generation and removal of primary beam deposited heat from target materials have been conducted to optimize the design of targetheat-sink systems for generating RIBs. The results derived from diffusion release-rate simulation studies for selected targets and thermal analyses of temperature distributions within a prototype targetlheat-sink system subjected to primary ion beam irradiation will be presented in this report.
Resilient Modulus Modeling with Information Theory Approach

AbstractStatistical models have been developed to correlate resilient modulus with routine properties of subgrade soils and state of stress for pavement design application. An information theory approach is taken as a method in ranking models. This approach is compared with the R2 approach. A short overview of the information theory approach is introduced without the mathematical proof of the formulas. The notion of ranking stability is introduced and supports the use of the information theory approach. Results are presented comparing the information theory approach and the R2 method for two different data sets.
Mediterranean anemia (cooley) in a Negro girl

S. B., was admitted Feb. 16~ 1945, to the Children's Ward of Stanford University Hospital, because of frequent nosebleeds and anemia. She was born Feb. 15, 1939~ in Arkansas. Her nmther was dark-skinned, with typical Negro features. Her father was under treatment for syphilis in the Oklahoma State Hospital for Negro Insane. The motlmr had one stillborn child; a son who was feeble-minded and in the same institution as the father; and three other children who were alive and well. The latter have been observed by us and were typically Negro. The aiother appeared to be in good health, but no Wassermann or other test for syphilis had been taken, to her knowledge.
Introduction to the Mini Special Issue on Complexity Theory: A New Research Paradigm in Social Work

For decades, social service researchers and evaluators sought a research paradigm that applied underlying principles of change arising from the grassroots, the strength and value of relationships, ...
The unexamined Whiteness of teaching: how White teachers maintain and enact dominant racial ideologies

While much research that explores the role of race in education focuses on children of color, this article explores an aspect of the predominately White teaching force that educates them. This article explores findings from a qualitative study that posed questions about the ways in which White pre‐service teachers’ life‐experiences influenced understandings of race and difference, and how these pre‐service teachers negotiated the challenges a critical multicultural education course offered those beliefs. In keeping with the tenet of critical race theory that racism is an inherent and normalized aspect of American society, the author found that through previous life‐experiences, the participants gained hegemonic understandings about race and difference. Participants responded to challenges to these understandings by relying on a set of ‘tools of Whiteness’ designed to protect and maintain dominant and stereotypical understandings of race – tools that were emotional, ideological, and performative. This phen...
[“Comment on ‘The CSSP implementation plan for space plasma physics programs’”] Solar-terrestrial physics revisited

The cover and feature article [“The CSSP Implementation Plan for Space Plasma Physics Programs”] of the December 10, 1985, issue of Eos continue a misleading impression of basic research in solar-terrestrial physics [STP]: all important solar- terrestrial research is based on observations made from space. While I praise authors D.N. Baker and D.J. Williams for their excellent promotion of the STP field, they make the myopic mistake of implying that the NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration]-supported research is equivalent to the complete U.S. program in STP research. The editors of Eos are imputed in this mistake by placing an attractive figure on the cover that omitted the essential word “NASA” in the title.
Nitrogen partitioning between microbes and plants in the shortgrass steppe

Nitrogen (N) and water additions in the shortgrass steppe change the dominance of plant functional types (PFT) that are characterized by different photosynthetic pathways and phenologies. We aimed to examine monthly patterns of plant N and microbial N storage during the growing season, and to assess whether N fertilization last applied 30 years ago alters the timing and magnitude of N storage. We measured plant biomass and N, and microbial biomass N monthly during the growing season. We found differences in temporal patterns of plant and microbial N storage in the control plots, with microbial storage higher than plant storage in July, and the opposite trend in September. Unlike the control plots, the plots fertilized 30 years ago exhibited overlapping peaks of N storage in plants and microbes in August. Seasonal trends indicated that rainfall was an important control over plant and microbial activity at the beginning of the growing season, and that temperature limited these activities at the end of the growing season. PFT affected the amount of microbial N, which was in general higher under C3 grasses than other PFTs, independent of fertilization. Historical resource additions increased plant biomass and N, but had little effect on microbial N. These results highlight the complexity of the microbial response. Changes in climate that influence precipitation timing will affect the temporal pattern for microbial biomass N, while management practices resulting in altered plant community composition will influence the magnitude of microbial biomass N.
Molecular Orientation of Hydroquinone Adsorbed at a Platinum(111) Thin-Layer Electrode

Abstract Reported are new findings regarding the molecular orientation of hydroquinone (HQ) adsorbed on Pt surfaces. The packing density of hydroquinone adsorbed from 1 M HClO4supporting electrolyte has been measured by use of a Pt(111) thin-layer electrode. The packing-density-vs-concentration profiles for hydroquinone, measured by a differential thin-layer electrode method at an ordered Pt(111) surface and at an electrochemically disordered Pt(111) surface, are identical within an experimental error of about 8%. The profiles from this study are similar to the ones obtained previously at an ordered Pt(111) surface by Auger spectroscopy, but they are significantly different from those reported previously for polycrystalline Pt thin-layer electrodes. A procedure based upon displacement of HQ by thiocyanate has been developed as an alternative method for determining the packing density of adsorbed HQ. Both methods afford information regarding the molecular state of HQ adsorbed at the Pt(111) surface.
A Radio Investigation of NGC 1265 and NGC 1275

Dent and Haddock1 have investigated the high-frequency part of the NGC 1275 spectrum and found that the flux density increases between 3 and 10 GHz by about a factor of two.
On the changing seasonality over the North Pacific

[1] Although many marine organisms have life histories adapted to seasonal events in the environment, most studies aimed at understanding biotic responses to environmental variability assume a stationary and deterministic seasonal cycle, or remove it altogether. Here we use historical sea level pressure data for the period 1948–2000 to document significant changes in the amplitude and phase of the seasonal cycle in the Aleutian Low and North Pacific High, the two dominant pressure centers over the northeast Pacific Ocean. The Aleutian Low seasonal amplitude, which is dominated by the annual component, has nearly doubled over this period, mostly due to wintertime deepening. Changes in the amplitude and phase of both the annual and semi-annual components have contributed to the time-varying structure of the North Pacific High. Observed long-term changes in the biological community structure and productivity of the North Pacific Ocean may be associated with this changing seasonality.
Summary: ICSE workshop on dynamic analysis (WODA 2003)

Dynamic analysis of software systems has long proven to be a practical approach to gain understanding of the operational behavior of the system. This workshop brought together researchers in the field of dynamic analysis to discuss the breadth of the field, order the field along logical dimensions, expose common issues and approaches, and stimulate synergistic collaborations among the participants.
The influence of ground condition and cloudiness on the diurnal march of surface vapor pressure at Blue Hill, Milton, Massachusetts

Four types of diurnal march of vapor pressure are recognized as being related to the availability of water vapor and the intensity of turbulent mass-exchange associated with thermal convection: oceanic, with a march parallel to that of temperature; continental, with a double oscillation featured by a primary minimum at sunrise and a secondary one in the afternoon; steppe, with a double oscillation having the primary minimum in the afternoon; and desert, with a march essentially opposite to that of temperature, but lagging a few hours behind. The vapor pressure at Blue Hill has a diurnal march of the oceanic type when the ground is snow-covered or the sky is overcast; also, the marches for the months of January and July are essentially oceanic. The continental type is found when the sky is clear and the ground is moist, and also in the averages for April and October. The steppe type occurs when the sky is clear and the ground is dry or is bare and frozen.
L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cystic acne on isotretinoin therapy.

Abstract Background Patients with cystic acne (CA) on Isotretinoin (Iso) therapy might present muscular symptoms as side effect of the drug. Myalgia, weakness, hypotension are also some of the main characteristics of carnitine (car) deficiency. Methods Two hundred and thirty ( N =230) patients with CA were treated with Isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg per 24 h). All the patients were requested to visit our out-patient department at the onset of muscular symptoms. Laboratory tests including car (total, free, acylcarnitine) were determined in blood and urine before treatment, at the onset of muscular symptoms and after the end of a 45 day study. Fifty percent of the patients with muscular involvement received L -carnitine (100 mg/kg per 24 h per os) (group C) and 50% placebo (group P). Results Their laboratory tests showed the well known increases of their liver enzymes and lipids, whereas car blood levels were remarkably decreased at the onset of their muscular symptoms and or at the end of the study. Their supplementation with L -car, in patients of group C ( N =20) without Iso discontinuation or reduction, resulted in the disappearance of their muscular symptoms within 5–6 days and normalisation not only of the increased levels of their liver enzymes but also those of car, at the 45 day of their therapy. Additionally, the patients who received placebo (group P, N =20) continued complaining for mualgias. The rest of the patients (group A, N =190) did not experience any muscular symptoms, their laboratory tests showed elevation of liver enzymes and lipids and a decrease in car levels in the blood whereas a remarkable increase of car excretion was determined in their urine. Conclusions Iso therapy decreases car blood levels in patients with CA. l -car supplementation might treat liver and muscular side effects of the drug. These hopeful preliminary results need further investigation.
Effects of reading span and plausibility in the reanalysis of wh-gaps by Chinese-English second language speakers

This study utilizes a moving window technique to investigate how individual cognitive resources (operationalized in terms of reading span scores) might modulate the extent to which native English speakers and Chinese second language (L2) learners of English utilize plausibility information to recover from an initial misparse in the processing of long-distance wh-questions. Consistent with findings in the previous literature, both groups postulated a filler-gap dependency at the earliest possible position. This was evidenced by subject—object extraction parsing asymmetries that were indicative of an initially incorrect filler-gap analysis. Additionally, it was found that plausibility did not prevent initial misparses, but affected how fast participants recovered from misanalysis, with implausible analyses facilitating recovery. However, only the English L2 participants in the higher span group resembled English native readers in their ability to exploit plausibility information in this way. We conclude tha...
Energy Expenditure of Heavy Load Carriage

Abstract Fourteen subjects (22 yr, 175 cm, 72 kg) walked for 20 min on a treadmill at 3-2, 4-8, or 64 km h-1 carrying 35, 40, 45, or 50 kg; during a second phase, ten additional subjects (22 yr, 178 cm, 75 kg) attempted to walk for 45 min at the same speeds carrying 60, 65. or 70 kg Energy expenditure when expressed as cm3 oxygen per minute per kilogramme of total weight (man + clothing + load) agreed, for the no load condition, with literature values. After deducting the individual's no load cost, the resulting net energy expenditure for carrying the loads, when expressed as cm3 kg-1 min-1 was generally constant at each speed; i.e. loads from 35 to 70 kg showed no statistical differences in energy expenditure per kilogramme at 3 2 and 4 8 km h-1. At 6-4 km h-1 carrying 70 kg, the average measured cost per kg was statistically different (p < 005) than carrying 35 kg at this speed; subjects were working at greater than 90% of their maximal [Vdot]02 levels carrying 70 kg. However. similar comparison of the ...
Preliminary study of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon following electroshock or handling stress.

Abstract We compared gill Na+, K+-ATPase in subyearling and yearling spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 3 h, 24 h, and 7 d after exposure to either a short pulsed DC electroshock (300 V, 50 Hz, 8-ms pulse duration) or an acute handling stress. Mean gill Na+, K+-ATPase values ranged from 7.5 to 11.8 μmol inorganic phosphate (Pi) · (mg protein)−1 · h−1. No significant differences were detected, with the exception of electroshocked subyearlings 7 d after treatment. Increased activity was attributed to the presence of two influential values. No significant differences were detected after removal of these observations, so the increase was not considered biologically significant. Inclusion of the outliers did not alter our interpretation of the results given that the observed increase was slight compared with the magnitude of changes reported under experimental conditions and in migrating juvenile salmonids. The treatment groups underwent a typical stress response and had significantly elevated cort...
miRTRAP, a computational method for the systematic identification of miRNAs from high throughput sequencing data

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been broadly implicated in animal development and disease. We developed a novel computational strategy for the systematic, whole-genome identification of miRs from high throughput sequencing information. This method, miRTRAP, incorporates the mechanisms of miR biogenesis and includes additional criteria regarding the prevalence and quality of small RNAs arising from the antisense strand and neighboring loci. This program was applied to the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis and identified nearly 400 putative miR loci.
Women's satisfaction with an intravaginal Lactobacillus capsule for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Objective: To assess women's satisfaction with a vaginal capsule containing human-derived, H2O2-producing Lactobacillus crispatus at completion of a randomized, placebo-controlled study for treatme...
Analogues of N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl as substrates and inactivators of hamster hepatic acetyltransferases.

1. A series of analogues of N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (1, N-OH-AAB) has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro as substrates and inactivators of hamster hepatic N,N-acetyltransferase (N,N-AT) activity. The analogues of 1 are N-arylhydroxamic acids in which an atom or small functional group has been incorporated between the phenyl rings of 1.2. The structural and molecular properties of the atoms between the two phenyl rings had little influence on the ability of the compounds to serve as acetyl donors in the N-arylhydroxamic acid-dependent transacetylation of 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB) catalysed by N,N-AT. An exception was the SO2 analogue (6) which was inactive.3. All of the compounds except 6 were mechanism-based inactivators (suicide inhibitors) of hamster hepatic N,N-AT. The inhibition of N,N-AT by the hydroxamic acids was irreversible. The properties of the atom or functional group between the phenyl rings had a substantial influence on the relative effectiveness of the compounds as inactivators ...
A unified erosion formulation for fine sediments

Abstract Different models of fine sediment transport often employ very different, frequently incompatible formulations for surface erosion of bottom sediment. In this paper, we develop a simple extension of the standard linear erosion formulation that allows it to be used to describe either Type I (depth-limited) erosion or Type II (unlimited) erosion, with a seamless transition between the two behaviors. The formulation is cast in terms of either the depth of erosion or eroded sediment mass. Assuming a locally constant rate of increase in critical stress with depth and direct proportionality between the erosion constant and sediment concentration at the interface, the model predicts the exponentially decaying erosion rate often observed in Type I erosion tests after application of each new shear stress step. The predicted decay rate is proportional to the rate of erosion per unit excess stress times the rate of increase in critical stress with depth. The formulation is tested by re-analyzing the data set presented by Maa et al. (1998) describing in situ erosion tests in Baltimore Harbor, MD, with generally favorable results. Solutions of the erosion formulation with time varying forcing show that erosion behavior is controlled by the ratio of the rate of change of shear stress to the rate of depletion of erodible sediment. If the time scale of shear stress change is long compare to the time scale of sediment depletion, then erosion rate is controlled by the time rate of increase in shear stress balanced against the depth rate of increase in critical stress (Type I behavior). If the time scale of shear stress change is short compared to the time scale of sediment depletion, then erosion rate is controlled by the instantaneous difference between bottom shear stress and critical shear stress (Type II behavior). A general algorithm for implementation in numerical sediment transport models is presented.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of butadiene: Demonstration of a 2 1Ag state below the 1 1Bu V state

Abstract Resonance Raman spectra of butadiene obtained with radiation in the 230-218 nm range exhibit activity in combinations and overtones of a mode of b u symmetry. The pattern of the observed bands must be due to vibronic activity of this mode in a state of A g symmetry. We conclude that the 2 1 A g state of butadiene lies between 5.4 and 5.8 eV, below the 1 1 B u state at 5.8 to 6.3 eV.
EMPATHY AND ADOLESCENT MALE SEX-OFFENDERS

This study provides data on empathy for 82 adolescent male sex-offenders and 108 male nonoffenders. No statistically significant association was found between scores on a 4-item measure of empathy and sex-offender status.
Queen Succession in the Social Wasp, Polistes annularis

Outcomes of conflicts among social animals can strongly affect individual fitness and therefore partly determine how sociality evolves. In the social wasp, Polistes annularis, conflicts over egg laying result in a linear dominance hierarchy discernible from which wasps attack which others. We investigated the structure and maintenance of dominance hierarchies in colonies containing both nest foundresses and workers. We also investigated the outcome of a potential conflict between foundresses and workers over the identity of the female which becomes queen after the original queen disappears. To investigate queen replacement we recorded individuals' behavior before and after removal of the queen from 13 nests. This experiment simulated natural queen disappearance which occurs frequently. All foundresses were ranked over workers; high ranking females were most aggressive and directed most of their attacks to the female directly beneath them in the hierarchy. This hierarchy determined succession to queenship; the beta female became queen within 3 h. Therefore a foundress became the new queen whenever one was present. There was no evidence of conflict between workers and foundresses when a foundress became queen. This chance of becoming queen contributes to the expected fitness of a female that accepts a subordinate role in spring.
In Memoriam: Tributes to Roger Asselineau, 1915-2002

Tributes to Whitman scholar Asselineau by Folsom (93-95), Jerome Loving (95-97), Walter Grunzweig (97-98), Betsy Erkkila (98-99), M. Wynn Thomas (99-100), Kenneth M. Price (100), Robert Strassburg (100-101), and Paul Christensen (101-103).
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Adenosine-Ribose Probe for Global-Scale Profiling of Nucleoside and Nucleotide-Binding Proteins

Proteomics is a powerful approach used for investigating the complex molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and progression. An important challenge in modern protein profiling approaches involves targeting of specific protein activities in order to identify altered molecular processes associated with disease pathophysiology. Adenosine-binding proteins represent an important subset of the proteome where aberrant expression or activity changes of these proteins have been implicated in numerous human diseases. Herein, we describe an affinity-based approach for the enrichment of adenosine-binding proteins from a complex cell proteome. A novel N6-biotinylated-8-azido-adenosine probe (AdoR probe) was synthesized, which contains a reactive group that forms a covalent bond with the target proteins, as well as a biotin tag for affinity enrichment using avidin chromatography. Probe specificity was confirmed with protein standards prior to further evaluation in a complex protein mixture consisting of a lysate derived from mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 cells. Protein identification and relative quantitation using mass spectrometry allowed for the identification of small variations in abundance of nucleoside- and nucleotide-binding proteins in these samples where a significant enrichment of AdoR-binding proteins in the labeled proteome from the neuroblastoma cells was observed. The results from this study demonstrate the utility of this method to enrich for nucleoside- and nucleotide-binding proteins in a complex protein mixture, pointing towards a unique set of proteins that can be examined in the context of further understanding mechanisms of disease, or fundamental biological processes in general.
Real-time 3D underwater imaging and mapping using a laser line scan technique

Recently developed undersea imaging systems are cable of providing three-dimensional surface maps of the image space using a scanning laser configuration. Triangulation methods, whereby the scene is viewed from a separate location, provide depth information, while instantaneous position of the laser scanning elements are used to estimate the lateral position in object space. A specially developed detector provides an approximate position for the apparent landing spot of the laser beam for each scan angle, which in turn, is used to compute an estimated range value in real time. Several prototype systems constructed using these techniques are in a testing phase. One system reported here is designed to scan a 10 by 10 degree field-of-view with a 10 milliwatt laser at distances from 20 to 40 centimeters with a resolution of less than 1 millimeter.
Fundamentalism and Narrative Approaches To the Gospels

Although Protestant fundamentalists reject historical-critical methods of studying the Gospels, they are not as strong in their opposition to narrative approaches. Both fundamentalists and narrative critics prefer synchronic, inductive approaches to biblical texts. Both are concerned to give the general reader access to the Bible. They agree on the inadequacy of historical criticism. On the other hand, the assumptions underlying narrative criticism make it unacceptable to fundamentalists. The doctrine of inerrancy puts fundamentalism at odds with narrative criticism. Also, unlike fundamentalists, narrative criticism does not so much oppose historical criticism as it moves beyond it. While narrative critics believe that each text is open to multiple interpretations, fundamentalists insist that each text have only one meaning. It is clear, then, that narrative criticism is at odds with the basic tenets of Protestant fundamentalism.
State space reconfigurability: an implementation architecture for self modifying finite automata

Many embedded systems exhibit temporally and behaviorally disjoint behavior slices. When such behaviors are captured by state machines, the current design flow will capture it as a union of all the behavior slices, and map it using traditional state assignment followed by logic synthesis. Such implementations costs are proportional to the union of all the behavior slices (in area, energy and delay). We propose to use self-modifying finite automata (SMFA), that have been studied from complexity-theoretic perspective, for expressing and implementing such adaptive behaviors in embedded systems. Towards this end, we present an implementation architecture for SMFAs. We compare the area, time and energy costs of SMFA implementations with the classical logic space (FSM) implementations for four adaptive behaviors.
Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factors Maintain Viability, Promote Proliferation, and Suppress GADD45α and GAS6 Transcript Content of Prostate Cancer Cells Genetically Modified to Lack Endogenous FGF-2

Understanding processes regulating prostate cancer cell survival is critical to management of advanced disease. We used prostate cancer cell transfectants genetically modified to be deficient in either endogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) or endogenous FGF-2 to examine FGF maintenance of transfectant survival and proliferation and FGF-2-regulated expression of transfectant growth arrest DNA damage (GADD) and growth arrest sequences (GAS) family genes (known modulators of cell cycle progression and survival) and the AS3 gene (an androgen-modulated effector of prostate cell proliferation). When propagated in the absence of exogenous FGFs, FGF-2-deficient transfectants undergo exponential death, whereas FGF-1-deficient transfectants proliferate. Exogenous FGF-1, FGF-2, FGF-7, or FGF-8 promote survival and proliferation of FGF-2-deficient transfectants and enhance FGF-1-deficient transfectant proliferation. Transfectants express FGF receptor FGFR1, FGFR2(IIIb), FGFR2(IIIc), and FGFR3 transcripts, findings consistent with the effects of exogenous FGFs. FGF-2-deficient transfectants express high levels of AS3, GADD45alpha, GADD45gamma, GAS8, and GAS11 transcripts and moderate levels of GADD153, GAS2, GAS3, and GAS6 transcripts and lack demonstrable GAS1 or GAS5 transcripts. FGF withdrawal-mediated death of FGF-2-deficient transfectants did not significantly affect cell AS3, GADD153, GADD45gamma, GAS2, GAS3, GAS7, GAS8, or GAS11 transcript content, whereas GADD45alpha and GAS6 transcript content was elevated. These studies establish that endogenous FGF-2 dominantly regulates prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation and that exogenous FGFs may assume this function in the absence of endogenous FGF-2. Additionally, we provide the first evidence that FGFs regulate prostate GADD45alpha and GAS6 transcript content. The latter observations suggest that GADD45alpha and GAS6 proteins may be effectors of processes that regulate prostate cancer cell survival. Additional studies are required to examine this possibility in detail.
Metadata and cataloging practices

Metadata standards existing today range from very complex to very simple. Relative simplicity or complexity of metadata standards depends in large part on the resources for which they were created and the depth of description that is deemed necessary to make these resources accessible. This paper reviews the differences between metadata standards and current cataloging practices, and discusses how the various metadata standards are applied in libraries. In addressing these issues, the authors introduce definitions of key concepts of metadata and cataloging standards and provide an overview of the most common metadata schemes. The discussion of current cataloging practices includes an overview of the most commonly used cataloging practices and standards, the impact of metadata on library practice and the role of librarians related to metadata. The authors will discuss the OHIOLINK Electronic Thesis and Dissertations (ETD) as an example of how Anglo‐American Cataloging Rules 2nd (AACR2) and Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC21) are used as metadata to store, describe and access this unique information resource.
Modeling Dynamics of Habitat‐Interior Bird Populations in Fragmented Landscapes

A stochastic computer model was used to examine the effects of varying degrees of habitatfragmentation on the dynamics of a hypothetical population of forest-interior birds. The primary demographic parameter that influenced the population's dynamics was fecundity, which varied as a function of how far a bird's territory was from an ecological edge. As our model landscape became more fragmented the proportion of forest habitat that was near edges increased geometrically, and the population's overall fecundity dropped as a result. The model demonstrates that impaired
Lanthionine ketimine ester provides benefit in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Lanthionine ketimine (LK) is a natural sulfur amino acid metabolite which binds to collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), an abundant brain protein that interacts with multiple partners to regulate microtubule dynamics, neurite growth and retraction, axonal transport, and neurotransmitter release. LK ethyl-ester (LKE) is a cell-permeable synthetic derivative that promotes neurogenesis, suppresses nitric oxide production from microglia, and reduces neurotoxicity of microglia-conditioned medium. These properties led us to test the effects of LKE in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Female C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 to develop a chronic disease. LKE was provided in the chow at 100 ppm, ad libitum beginning when the mice reached moderate clinical signs. Over the following 4 weeks the LKE-treated mice showed a significant reduction in clinical signs compared to vehicle-treated mice. LKE dose dependently reduced IFNγ production from splenic T cells, but had no effect on IL-17 production suggesting protective effects were mediated within the CNS. Electron microscopy revealed that, compared to sham mice, EAE mice had significant neurodegeneration in both the optic nerve and spinal cord, which was reduced in the LKE-treated mice. In contrast only minimal disruption of myelin was observed at this time point. In the optic nerve, measurements of axon caliber and myelin thickness showed little changes between sham and EAE mice, however, treatment with LKE increased the percentage of axons with thicker myelin and with larger axon calibers. In the spinal cord, only smaller effects of LKE on myelin thickness were observed. The effects of LKE were associated with a reduced relative level of phosphorylated CRMP2 to CRMP2. Together, these results demonstrate that LKE reduces neurodegeneration in a chronic EAE model of MS, which could have translation potential for treatment of progressive forms of MS. Only few drugs have been shown to reduce neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We report that LKE (lanthionine ketimine ethyl-ester, a derivative of the amino acid lanthionine) reduced clinical signs in a mouse model of chronic MS, and also reduced neurodegeneration and axonal damage in the spinal cord and optic nerve (shown in the graphic). These effects were associated with changes in levels and phosphorylation state of CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein 2), which has known actions on axon growth. These findings suggest that LKE may be a candidate for testing in progressive forms of MS.
Nuclear Factor-κB in Development, Prevention, and Therapy of Cancer

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a signal transcription factor that has emerged as an important modulator of altered gene programs and malignant phenotype in development of cancer. Major carcinogens and oncogenic viruses induce NF-κB activation, and a variety of subsequent oncogenic events contribute to a progressive increase in constitutive NF-κB activation as an important common pathway in most forms of cancer. NF-κB target genes promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Inhibition of NF-κB has been found to be an important mechanism of action of steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and natural and synthetic compounds that show therapeutic and preventive activity. Newer agents targeting the proteasome, inhibitor-κB kinase, and other upstream kinases involved in NF-κB activation have shown anticancer activity in clinical or preclinical studies.