cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Integer Programming Algorithm for Portfolio Selection

A mean-variance portfolio selection model suitable for the small investor is formulated as a sequence of quadratic integer programming problems. The special structure of these quadratic problems is exploited in a partial enumeration algorithm which uses cutting planes to accelerate convergence. Computational experience is reported on problems ranging in size from fifteen to fifty variables.
Design of a very large storage system

The Mass Storage System (MSS) is a data-management system for the on-line storage and retrieval of very large amounts of permanent data. The MSS uses an IBM 1360 photo-digital storage system (called the chipstore) with an on-line capacity of 3X1011 bits as its data storage and retrieval equipment. It also uses a CDC 854 disk pack for the storage of control tables and indices. Both these devices are attached to a CDC 6600 digital computer at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory---Berkeley.
Hemodialysis does not affect erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport.

Abstract Sodium-lithium countertransport measurements on erythrocytes are currently of interest because some hypertensive subjects and their relatives have abnormally high values. Woods et al [1] reported that red cells taken from dialysis patients after hemodialysis had significantly lower sodium-lithium countertransport than before dialysis. They suggested that sodium-lithium countertransport is influenced by ‘a dialyzable plasma factor’. We conducted experiments to further evaluate their observations relating to the ‘dialyzable plasma factor’. However, we have been unable to confirm their findings. Neither an effect of hemodialysis on sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocytes from maintenance dialysis patients nor any effect of dialysis on normal erythrocytes in vitro was evident. Our results do not support the existence of a dialyzable plasma factor affecting sodium-lithium countertransport.
Structure and orientation of oleic acid adsorbed onto silica gel

Abstract Infrared spectra for oleic acid adsorbed on silica gel were obtained. Changes in SiOH bands and in the oleic acid carbonyl band indicate that oleic acid chemisorbs by hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl group to free SiOH groups on the surface. The shifts in the position of the carbonyl band suggest the presence of both singly and doubly hydrogen bonded structures. Changes in the relative intensities of the symmetric and asymmetric CH2 stretching bands are interpreted as being due to dipole-dipole interactions for physically adsorbed oleic acid laying flat on the surface.
A quantitative slide test for ATP

Un essai sur lamelle porte-objet a ete mis au point pour la determination quantitative du triphosphate d'adenosine. Il s'agit d'une modification de la reaction bien connue entre la luciferine et la luciferase derivees de la luciole. Cet essai permet de deceler des quantites minuscules de l'ATP pouvant atteindre 10−13 g.
A discrete-time model of the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitalized patients

Antibiotic use is thought to promote bacterial antibiotic resistance by selectively inhibiting the growth of sensitive strains. This study investigates the relation between antibiotic use and the propagation of antibiotic-resistant hospital-acquired infections due to gram-negative bacteria in a population of hospitalized patients. It treats infection spread and hospital mortality as a Markov process, in which the transition probabilities are logistic functions of a set of personal and hospital characteristics. Data from a university hospital are used to derive the parameters of the model.
The renewal factor: Constructive contention

Large corporations that don't tolerate contention age prematurely, the author finds. Management's conflict between strategic planning and opportunism, for example, is a healthy process.
Evaluating New Urbanist Plans in Post-Katrina Mississippi

Immediately following Hurricane Katrina, the Mississippi Governor's Commission for Recovery, Rebuilding and Renewal partnered with the Congress for the New Urbanism to provide teams of planners and designers to work with communities along the coast in preparing rebuilding plans. Following a week-long charrette in October 2005, each coastal community was provided with a rebuilding plan that was intended to be based on the principles of New Urbanism. The initial plans have been followed up with further long-range planning. Two years after Katrina, this paper examines the degree to which New Urbanism has been incorporated into the long-range comprehensive, master and other rebuilding plans developed in the communities along the coast in Harrison County, Mississippi. This study finds that New Urbanist principles were integrated into some community plans, but were largely absent from others. In those that do incorporate the principles, the realities of post-Katrina planning created serious challenges to the fe...
Factors contributing to intrinsic loading capacity in silica-based packing materials for preparative anion-exchange protein chromatography

Abstract Properties of the matrix and stationary phase which affect the intrinsic loading capacity of silica-based packing materials for preparative anion-exchange chromatography of proteins were investigated. Polyethyleneimine-coated controlled porosity glass beads ranging from 100 to 2000 A in pore diameter were used to evaluate the effects of pore diameter and surface area. Protein binding was found to depend on accessible, rather than total, support surface area. Consequently, wide-pore, high surface area media provide maximum intrinsic loading capacity. Increasing the number of positively charged sites on the stationary phase by increased coating or by quatemization of amines increases hemoglobin-binding capacity.
Protection of myocardial function during endotoxin shock by ibuprofen.

We have concluded that Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor with high specificity for the preferential blockage of thromboxane synthetase, significantly improves arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and arterial pH during endotoxin shock in dogs (J. Clin. Invest. 70:536, 1982). This study was undertaken to determine whether Ibuprofen (25 mg/kg i.v.) administered 20 min prior to endotoxin (2 mg/kg i.v.) is able to overcome the depressed ability of cardiac microsomes to actively sequester calcium after 2 hrs of endotoxin shock. Results indicate that microsomes isolated from hearts of animals pretreated with Ibuprofen and then given endotoxin are able to sequester calcium at rates similar to microsomes isolated from control hearts. Microsomes isolated from hearts of animals in endotoxin shock without Ibuprofen show the anticipated depression of calcium sequestering ability. The improved ability of microsomes from the hearts of animals pretreated with Ibuprofen to sequester calcium is the result of normal Ca+2-Mg+2 ATPase activity in the microsomal membrane. We conclude that Ibuprofen protects against the detrimental hemodynamic derangements of endotoxin induced shock in the dog, and thereby also improves cardiac subcellular calcium transport; the factor regulating contractility. Ibuprofen may warrant evaluation as a protective agent to be used prophylactically in high risk cases of endotoxemia.
Development of a comprehensive operating room pharmacy

Abstract The justification, implementation, and services of a comprehensive on-site operating room (OR) pharmacy are reviewed. Justification was accomplished through audits of controlled substance accountability, drug preparation, labeling and storage, and cost analyses of drug waste and potential savings. Implementation was achieved through the joint efforts of the Departments of Anesthesia, Pharmacy, and Nursing. Services of the OR pharmacy are dynamic and include standardized drug preparation, case-by-case drug distribution and patient billing, controlled substance accountability, provision of drug information, and clinical research support. This pharmacy has proven cost effective acrd has become integral to the daily function of the OR.
Interaction between Siblings in Primetime Television Families.

Using the frame of television as a socializing agent, three primetime family sitcoms were analyzed in order to describe the nature of sibling interaction in television families. More sibling interactions were positive than negative. Compared to earlier studies of television siblings, however, the behaviors are relatively conflictual. In mixed‐gender dyads younger sisters’ interactions with older brothers were particularly hostile.
Activity-dependent neuronal differentiation prior to synapse formation: the functions of calcium transients.

Abstract Spinal cord neurons become excitable prior to synapse formation, and generate spontaneous calcium transients that regulate aspects of their differentiation before neuronal networks are established. Calcium spikes, generated by calcium-dependent action potentials and calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), regulate transcription. Growth cone calcium transients, produced by calcium influx through unidentified channels that triggers CICR, control the rate of axon outgrowth in response to environmental cues. Filopodial calcium transients, generated by calcium influx through channels activated by β1 integrins, signal information about the molecular identity of the substrate and regulate growth cone turning. All three classes of calcium transients appear to use a frequency code to implement their effects. Oscillations of second messengers in embryonic neurons and perhaps more generally in other differentiating cells may behave like a kinetic quilt, demonstrating patchy fluctuations in concentrations that orchestrate the complex processes of development.
Towards an understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance: compensating for herbivore damage by enhancing a mutualism

Traditionally, losses in plant fitness or yield resulting from insect damage have been redressed by reducing pest populations using insecticides or biocontrol; these approaches rely on the untested assumption that reduced plant fitness or yield is caused by diminished resources available to damaged plants. 2. By experimentally manipulating pollination and damage levels independently, it is shown that pollination, as well as lack of resources, may be limiting to damaged plants in a model insect-pollinated crop, cantaloupe. 3. With enhanced pollination, damaged plants produce as much fruit as undam- aged plants, even under high damage levels. In contrast, damaged plants without supplemental pollination produced significantly less fruit than undamaged plants. 4. This approach is unique in shifting the focus away from reducing pest populations and toward enhancing mutualistic interactions. It avoids risks posed by insecticides (which also kill pollinators) and by biocontrol agents, known threats to native species. 5. Determining the mechanism underlying compensation sheds light on recovery from insect damage in both natural and managed systems. These results have a bearing on managing native plant populations suffering from pollinator declines. 6. Finally, it may be predicted that resources could limit tolerance to herbivore damage in resource-poor or high competition environments, whereas pollination may limit tolerance when resource levels are high.
Measurements Of The Surface Recombination Velocity Of (Hg,Cd)Te

The finite difference method has been used to solve the one dimensional carrier transport equation in order to study the surface recombination velocity s in (Hg,Cd)Te. This numerical approach was applied to the analysis of typical (Hg,Cd)Te configurations and was implemented in the reduction of photoconductive lifetime data to experimentally determine s in (Hg,Cd)Te. Contour maps of effective minority carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity were used to study the spatial distribution and relationship between bulk and surface recombination. Experimentally, the PC lifetime and surface recombination velocity have been mapped on bromine-methanol polished surfaces and on anodic oxide passivated surfaces for (Hg,Cd)Te produced both by the solid state recrystallization (SSR) and the traveling heater methods (THM). The anodic oxide passivation has been observed to alter the magnitude and distribution of the PC lifetime measured, and it reduced the surface recombination velocity.
The interaction of hepatocyte plasma membranes with an azide derivative of procaine

Abstract A photoreactive derivative of procaine, p- azidobenzoyldiethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, has been synthesized and used as a site-directed probe to label hepatocyte plasma membranes. The procaine derivative was shown to have membrane binding and Ca2+ displacement characteristics quite similar to that of procaine. Photolysis of the derivative in the presence of hepatocyte plasma membranes resulted in the covalent incorporation of the probe into both the protein and lipid fractions. Analysis of the labeled membranes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamine gel electrophoresis indicated that one membrane protein was significantly labeled with a molecular weight of 21 400 in addition to membrane lipids. Both binding and labeling could be inhibited in the presence of an excess of procaine. The labeled membrane components may be involved in the binding of Ca2+ to the membrane system.
A critique of East Indian indentured historiography in the Caribbean

A careful analysis of East Indian (hereafter Indian) indentured historiography in the Caribbean reveals an upsurge in published studies in the past three decades. These studies have arguably enhanced and advanced our understanding of Indian experience during indenture. However, these studies also have some serious shortcomings. Specifically, most studies have used the records of the colonizers to write the history, narrative, and memory of colonized indentured Indian servants. Moreover, across published studies, the numerical statistics on indentured service in the Caribbean are inconsistent. Published studies tend to focus on particular regions in the Caribbean. Comparative analyses of indenture within the former and present European Caribbean colonies and elsewhere are rare. This article provides a critique of Indian indentured historiography in the Caribbean with the hope and expectation of challenging the status quo as well as instigating new trends.
Defining ‘business ethics’: Like nailing jello to a wall

Business ethics is a topic receiving much attention in the literature. However, the term ‘business ethics’ is not adequately defined. Typical definitions refer to the rightness or wrongness of behavior, but not everyone agrees on what is morally right or wrong, good or bad, ethical or unethical. To complicate the problem, nearly all available definitions exist at highly abstract levels. This article focuses on contemporary definitions of business ethics by business writers and professionals and on possible areas of agreement among the available definitions. Then a definition is synthesized that is broad enough to cover the field of management in a sense as full as most managers might conceive of it.
Graph based isomorph-free generation of two-level regular fractional factorial designs

We provide a new necessary and sufficient check for testing the isomorphism of two 2-level regular fractional factorial designs. The approach is based on modeling fractional factorial designs as bipartite graphs. We employ an efficient canonical graph labeling approach to compare two designs for isomorphism. We then improve upon the existing non-isomorphic fractional factorial design generation algorithm by reducing the number of candidate designs from which isomorphs need to be removed. Not only does our method generate non-isomorphic designs much faster, it is also able to generate designs with run sizes of 2048 and 4096 runs, which were not generated by the existing methods.
Carbon sequestration by forests of the United States. Current status and projections to the year 2040

National-level forest carbon budgets are of interest in relation to understanding the global carbon cycle, comparing anthropogenic and biogenic sources of carbon, and developing possible strategies for conserving and sequestering carbon. In this study, forest carbon pools and flux for timberlands in the conterminous United States were projected over the coming 50 years by coupling a forest economics model, a forest inventory model and a forest carbon model. In the base case scenario, US forests sequestered carbon in the 1990s at a rate of 80 Tg yr -1 but came close to carbon equilibrium by the 2020 s. The dominant factors driving this change were an increasing forest harvest, a decreasing forest land base, and a reduction in average stand age. Scenarios in which alternative forest policy options were implemented related to increased paper recycling and increased afforestation (5 × 10 6 ha) produced long-term increases in carbon sequestration on the forest land base of up to 15 Tg yr -1 . The carbon sink on the forest land base currently offsets 6% of US fossil carbon emissions but that proportion is likely to decrease over the coming decades. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue1.19.x
The Fluids Engineering Laboratory at the University of Michigan

Although the purpose of this paper is specifically that of describing the Fluids Engineering Laboratory at the University of Michigan, it is clear that an understanding of the faculty philosophy underlying the planning of this unit is a necessary part of the document. This is an age of technological expansion, the rate-of-change of which exceeds any progress the world has hitherto known. The seeking of new knowledge and the application of that knowledge is the work of an ever-increasing number of competent scientists and engineers not only skilled in a technology but equally successful in the art of human understanding and relationships. Institutions of higher education are an integral part of this technological age and, because of this fact, find themselves confronted with the task of foreseeing the educational and research needs of the future. This is an immense task, one which is occupying many of the best minds of this generation. The technological and social progress of the coming generation depends upon the continuing flow of students emanating from our institutions of learning. They must be adequately prepared for the responsibilities which they alone can assume.
Clusters galore: insights about environmental clusters from probability theory.

Abstract The posterior probability of a causal explanation given that an environmental cancer cluster is statistically significant depends on the prior probability of an environmentally caused cluster, the sensitivity of the statistical test and its specificity. The prior probability is low, because it is rare to have enough carcinogen in the general environment to cause a relative risk fo cancer high enough to achieve statistical significance in a small geographic area. The sensitivity and specificity are not great. The likelihood that a census tract escapes statistically significant elevations in all 80 types of cancer can be calculated. Many of the thousands of census tracts will, by chance alone, have at least one type of cancer whose elevation is statistically significant. Actual observation from a large cancer registry confirms this probabilistic prediction. Applying the principles of Bayes' Theorem would suggest that most statistically significant environmental cancer clusters are not due to environmental carcinogens. One would have to investigate hundreds of environmental cancer clusters to find one with a true environmental cause.
Workplace Technology and the Creation of Boundaries The Role of VHRD in a 24/7 Work Environment

The ProblemSignificant advances in technology and the increasing ways in which employees use it in their work and personal lives have led to an environment in which employees can work nearly anytime and anywhere. Although virtual human resource development (VHRD) brings with it useful efficiencies and increased opportunities for learning, the prospect of 24/7 learning can have a deleterious impact on work–life balance for employees.The SolutionThe aim of this article is to first explain how work–life balance and workplace technology interact to affect the lives of employees. The article models boundaries between these areas and recommends that attention to work–life balance become part of practice when human resource development (HRD) professionals design virtual learning or help develop workplace technologies and policies.The StakeholdersStakeholders include HRD professionals, scholars who study work–life balance, and organizational leaders who implement workplace technology policies and practices.
Establishment of latency in vitro with herpes simplex virus temperature-sensitive mutants at nonpermissive temperature.

Abstract This report describes a latency model using human embryo lung cells that were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants and cultivated at nonpermissive temperature (40.5 °C). ts mutants tsG8 (parental strain HSV-1 KOS) and tsG5 (parental strain HSV-1 13) could be maintained in a latent state at 40.5 °C for at least 40 days without exhibiting virus infectivity. During this time, viable virus could be reactivated by reducing the incubation temperature to the permissive level (34 °C). Virus replication could be detected 2 to 6 days after temperature reduction and the virus reactivated from the latent state seemed to retain the same ts phenotype as the input virus for at least 14 days.
Synthesis of [β-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-L-alanine4]-angiotensin I as a potential suicide substrate for protein-tyrosine kinases

An asymmetric synthesis of [beta-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-L-alanine4]-angiotensin I (1a), which is a potential suicide substrate (mechanism-based inhibitor) for protein-tyrosine kinases, has been performed. Deprotonation of 6 with n-butyllithium in THF gave the anion 7, which was alkylated with 4-(chloromethyl)pyridine-1-oxide to afford intermediate 9 as a crystalline solid. Hydrolysis of 9 afforded a mixture of 11 and 12 in a ratio of 96:4 as estimated by conversion to the diastereomeric dipeptides 13 and 14 followed by HPLC analysis. The 96:4 mixture of 11 and 12 was used in the solid phase synthesis of the target angiotensin analog 1a and its diastereomer 1b, which were separated and tested for inhibitory activity against two thymocyte protein-tyrosine kinases: p40 and p56lck. Neither peptide displayed significant inhibitory activity toward p40 and both served as weak competitive inhibitors of p56lck.
Technology brokering and innovation: linking strategy, practice, and people

Purpose – The author has spent the last ten years studying the innovation process in modern organizations and found that the most successful firms pursue an innovation strategy termed technology brokering.Design/methodology/approach – How are the objectives achieved? Include the main method(s) used for the research. What is the approach to the topic and what is the theoretical or subject scope of the paper?Findings – Rather than chasing wholly new ideas, these successful firms focus on recombining old ideas in new ways. The results have sparked many technological revolutions and produced a steady stream of growth opportunities for existing businesses.Research limitations/implications – Needs cases showing that technology brokering, and the complementary work practices and people, can successfully execute such a strategy.Practical implications – By transforming traditional R&D organizations through a strategy of technology brokering firms can build competencies for continuous innovation..Originality/value ...
Applications of sandwich pairs

Abstract We apply some of the methods of sandwich pairs to semilinear equations and systems.
Sculpting the Oil−Water Interface to Probe Ion Solvation

Solvation of ions at oil−water interfaces is so important in cell wall and enzyme function, colloidal chemistry, fuel cells, and other areas that substantial effort has been made to understand the process via molecular-scale simulations of well-specified model systems. Here we report a series of experiments probing ion transport and solvation in composite films that have a geometrical specificity that rivals what theory is routinely able to employ. Proton/hydronium transport across the water−organic interface has been studied using a novel “soft-landed” ion technique that allows precision tailoring of the interfaces (including initial ion position) and sensitive monitoring of the ion motion via the electric potential generated by the ions. There are two main findings. First, the ion solvation by water at the organic−aqueous interface is probed continuously for various monolayers of water present in simple and complex sandwiched structures. The potential trap created by the solvation can be systematically ...
History of the North Central Branch

Entomology in the north central branch had its beginnings in the late nineteenth century, during which time the subject of entomology was being taught in several of the agricultural colleges throughout the region.
Detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies and specific hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid sequences in cord bloods from a heterogeneous prenatal population.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to quantify the prevalence of at-risk pregnancies for maternal-fetal hepatitis C virus transmission in a heterogeneous prenatal population by detection of both hepatitis C virus-specific antibody and hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid sequencesin cord bloods from their deliveries. STUDY DESIGN: An anonymous serosurvey of 1432 consecutive umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed for hepatitis C virus antibodies with a second-generation enzyme immunoassay with all hepatitis C virus antibody-positive samples batched and analyzed for both human immunodeficiency virus antibodies and hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid sequences by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Forty-seven of the samples (3.2%) were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies; seropositivity rates differed significantly by socioeconomic status but not by race. Significantly more of the antibody-positive women underwent cesarean section for delivery (31.9% vs 21.9%, p = 0.03). Three (6.4%) hepatitis C virus antibody-positive samples were also human immunodeficiency virus-antibody positive, hepatitis C virus antibody-positive samples were also human immunodeficiency virus-antibody positive, whereas nine (19.1%) were hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid positive. CONCLUSION: As many as 19% of hepatitis C virus antibody-positive women in this study also had hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid isolated from their delivery cord blood samples, which may indicate an increased risk of vertical hepatitis C virus transmission in those pregnancies. Hepatitis C virus-specific antibody and ribonucleic acid detection may also be markers for other pregnancy complications that results in higher rates of cesarean section for these women.
Force at Damage and Failure Decreases With Age in the Human Cadaveric Facet Capsular Ligament During Tension

Epidemiologic reports indicate that over 5 million nonfatal accidents occur annually, with painful injuries being the most common type of injury [1]. The cervical facet joint and its capsule are a common source of pain in these injuries [2]. Biomechanical tolerances of the cervical spine in compression, cervical motion segments in tension, and isolated spinal ligaments have all been reported to vary with age [3, 4]. Although microstructural damage has been shown to occur in the facet capsular ligament well-before the gross failure of that tissue and also has been speculated to relate to painful damage in that ligament [5], there is currently no study investigating ligament damage during tensile loading as function of age.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
An electrolysis and conductivity study on ammonium dihydrogen arsenate

Abstract Single crystals of ammonium dihydrogen arsenate, NH 4 H 2 AsO 4 , were subjected to electrolysis during which hydrogen gas was detected. Quantitative and qualitative determinations were made which indicate that Faraday's law is obeyed for the transport of ions through the crystal. Other single crystals were placed in a vacuum and the conductivity measured as a function of temperature. The activation energy for the conduction was found to be 14.0 ± 0.5 kcal/mole. This value is compared to those obtained for other isomorphous crystals
Sequential administration of irinotecan and cytarabine in the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Purpose: Based on reported synergy of the topoisomerase-I (topo-I) inhibitor irinotecan with antimetabolites, irinotecan and cytarabine (Ara-C) were administered sequentially to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refractory to or relapsed following high-dose Ara-C and anthracycline therapy. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed with the first irinotecan dose. Experimental Design: In vitro synergy of irinotecan followed by Ara-C was confirmed in a human AML cell line as a basis for the clinical trial. Irinotecan was administered daily for 5 days, with Ara-C 1 g/m2 12 h after each irinotecan dose. Irinotecan was initiated at 5 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated by 5 mg/m2 increments in cohorts of three patients and in individual patients. Pre-treatment samples were studied for topo-I activity and serial samples after the first irinotecan dose were analyzed for pharmacokinetics and for pharmacodynamic effects, including DNA damage and DNA synthesis rate. Results: The irinotecan dose reached 15 mg/m2 in three-patient cohorts without reaching the maximum tolerated dose, and reached 30 mg/m2 in individual patients. The AUC and Cmax of both irinotecan and its active metabolite SN38 increased linearly in proportion to dose, and the mean half-lives of irinotecan conversion to SN38 and SN38 elimination were 6.2 h (CV 171%) and 7.2 h (CV 48%). Irinotecan rapidly induced DNA damage, and DNA synthesis inhibition varied among patients and treatment cycles. All courses resulted in rapid cytoreduction, and two patients achieved complete remission. Topo-I activity did not predict response. Conclusion: Irinotecan can be safely administered with Ara-C. This combination is active in refractory AML and warrants further study.
Compartment syndrome of the leg secondary to leukemic infiltration: A case report and review of the literature

Leukemic infiltration of muscle is an unusual cause of compartment syndrome. High index of suspicion with early fasciotomy may be the only way to save the leg and prevent life-threatening complications. Biopsy of the muscle should be done when the etiology of the compartment syndrome is not clear. The probable mechanisms and treatment approaches are discussed. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Invariant chain peptides in most HLA-DR molecules of an antigen-processing mutant

Class II major histocompatibility complexes bind peptides in an endosome-like compartment. When the class II null cell line 721.174 was transfected with class II DR3 genes, DR molecules were produced in normal amounts. However, the DR molecules were abnormally conformed and unstable because deletion of an antigen-processing gene had impaired intracellular formation of most class II-peptide complexes. Yet, 70 percent of the DR molecules still bore peptides, 80 percent of which were 21- to 24-amino acid fragments of the class II-associated invariant chain. These peptides were rare on DR3 from control cells. Thus, a defect in the main antigen-processing pathway revealed a process in which DR molecules bind long peptides derived from proteins present in the same compartment.
Penetration rate studies of stainless steel by molten uranium and uranium-fissium alloy

Abstract The rate of penetration of Type 304 stainless steel by molten uranium and uranium-5 wt % fissium alloy was investigated by a dip method in the range 1100 to 1350° C. For the uranium-5 wt % fissium alloy the rate was found to increase rapidly from 0.6 mils/sec ( 1.5 × 10 −3 cm/sec ) at 1100° C to 12 mils/sec ( 3 × 10 −2 cm/sec ) at 1150° C. It then sharply reversed, decreasing to 2.5 mils/sec ( 6.3 × 10 −3 cm/sec ) at 1187° C following which it gradually increased to 5 mils/sec ( 1.3 × 10 −2 cm/sec ) at 1350° C. Molten uranium was found to be somewhat more aggressive than molten uranium-5 wt % fissium alloy. The rates to penetrate 304 stainless steel were 15 mils/sec ( 3.8 × 10 −2 cm/sec ) at 1150° C, 4 mils/sec ( 1 × 10 −2 cm/sec ) at 1187° C and 6.5 mils/sec ( 1.65 × 10 −2 cm/sec at 1350° C. The unexpected reversal in penetration rate with temperature was attributed to the formation of an intermetallic compound which retards the reaction. It was found that surface film formation and phase transformation in the stainless steel were not the cause of this reversal.
Analysis and optimization of the use of CHP–ORC systems for small commercial buildings

Abstract The use of combined heating and power (CHP) systems is increasing rapidly due to their high potential of reducing primary energy consumption (PEC), cost, and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE). These reductions are mainly due to capturing the exhaust heat to satisfy the thermal demand of a building. However, when the CHP system is operated following the electric load, the recovered exhaust heat may or may not be sufficient to satisfy the thermal demand of the facility. When the recovered exhaust heat is more than the heat required, the excess is usually discarded to the atmosphere. An organic rankine cycle (ORC) can be used to recover the surplus exhaust heat to generate extra electricity. Therefore, combining the ORC system with the CHP system (CHP–ORC) reduces the electricity that has to be produced by the CHP system, thereby reducing the total PEC, cost, and CDE. The objective of this paper is to study the energetic, economical, and environmental performance of a combined CHP–ORC system and compare its performance to a standalone CHP system and a reference building for different climate zones. A comparison of a CHP–ORC system operating 24 h with a system operating during typical office hours is also performed.
Characterization of Thermally Annealed Sb Implanted Fused Silica

The local environment of the polarizable ion in heavy metal oxide glasses is postulated to strongly influence the nonlinear response of these materials. We have previously observed that post-implantation thermal annealing changes the chemical properties of the implanted layer in a different fashion in Pb- and Bi- implanted SiO2. In this paper we report the optical behavior of Sb-implanted SiO2 as a function of annealing temperature and atmosphere. High purity fused silica substrates were implanted at room temperature to a dose of 6 × 1016 ions/cm2, and subsequently annealed at temperatures from 500 to 1000 C in argon and oxygen atmospheres. RBS, optical absorption (1.8 to 6.2 eV), infrared reflectance (450 to 5000 cm−1), and nonlinear index of refraction were measured before and after annealing. The results of these measurements indicate that annealing treatment significantly affects the local environment of the implanted Sb ions, and consequently the optical response.
Method of Lyapunov functions for analysis of absorption and explosion in Markov chains

The main goal of this paper is to derive some sufficient conditions for testing the absorption, explosion, and nonexplosion of time-inhomogeneous Markov chains with a countable state space. The method of Lyapunov functions is used for this purpose. Several theorems concerned with such sufficient conditions are proved for a general class of Markov chains. Then they are applied to some problems in time-inhomogeneous birth-death processes and branching processes.
Suprascapular Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Management

Although historically considered a diagnosis of exclusion, suprascapular neuropathy may be more common than once believed, as more recent reports are describing the condition as a cause of substantial pain and weakness in patients with and without concomitant shoulder pathology. The etiology is traction or compression of the suprascapular nerve. This can result from a space-occupying lesion, such as a ganglion cyst, or a traction injury as a result of repetitive overhead activities. More recent studies have cited cases of traction injuries occurring with retraction of a large rotator cuff tear. Atrophy of the infraspinatus and/or supraspinatus rotator cuff muscles with resultant weakness in forward flexion and/or external rotation of the shoulder on physical examination may be demonstrated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality to assess atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles as well as assess potential causes of suprascapular nerve compression. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies remain the gold standard for confirmation of the diagnosis of suprascapular neuropathy; however, nerve pain may occur even in the setting of a negative electromyography. Initial management is usually nonoperative, consisting of activity modification, physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Surgical intervention is considered for patients with nerve compression by an external source or for symptoms refractory to conservative measures. Decompression of the suprascapular nerve may be accomplished through an open approach, although arthroscopic surgical approaches have become more common in the past several years.
Total Secondary Electron Emission from Tungsten and Thorium-Coated Tungsten

The secondary electron emission from polycrystalline tungsten covered with monomolecular films of thorium evaporated onto it from a thoriated tungsten filament, has been investigated over an energy range for primary electrons of 100 to 1000 volts. The state of the target surface was ascertained from thermionic emission measurements. For clean thorium on clean tungsten apparently the secondary emission coefficient did not change with thoriation for primary energies below 200 volts, but decreased at higher voltages with increasing amounts of thorium on the target. No observed increase in secondary emission takes place with a reduction in the work function of tungsten by a monomolecular layer of pure thorium; apparently there is a decrease in secondary emission in this case. When the thorium-coated tungsten was treated with oxygen released from the thoriated tungsten filament the work function increased, but there obtained also an increase in the secondary emission coefficient; further change in work function by evaporation of thorium caused a variation of the secondary emission coefficient that other experimenters also have observed.
Alteration of ethanol-induced changes in locomotor activity by adrenergic blockers in mice

The effects of various doses of ethanol (ETOH) on spontaneous locomotor activity (SLMA) in mice were measured using photocell activity chambers. Of the 4 i.p. doses injected, the 2 lowest doses (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) stimulated SLMA, the next higher dose (2.0 g/kg) produced a biphasic effect of depression followed by stimulation, and the highest dose (4.0 g/kg) depressed SLMA. The mechanism of the biphasic effect of the 2.0 g/kg dose was studied in tests with central catecholamine antagonists at various doses 30 min before ETOH. Doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of propranolol, a β-receptor blocker, significantly antagonized the depressant effect of ETOH but had no influence on the stimulant effect. High doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) of phentolamine, an α-receptor blocker, significantly antagonized the stimulant phase of ETOH action but had no significant effect on the depressant phase. All doses (0.062–0.250 mg/kg) of spiroperidol, a dopaminergic blocking drug, significantly enhanced the SLMA depression produced by ETOH. These results indicate that the SLMA-depressant effect of ETOH may be mediated by central “beta-type” receptors, that the SLMA-stimulant effect of ETOH may be mediated by central “alpha-type” receptors, and that at least part of ETOH's action may be due to dopaminergic mechanisms.
INNOVATION AND ENTRY INTO NEW PRODUCT MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM THE CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY.

Previous research on entry suggests two competing hypotheses for explaining the effects of experience on new product market entry and innovation--prior experience either encourages or hinders entry...
Diffusion in the Ce-Nd system

To date, information on interdiffusion in intralanthanide systems is limited. Interdiffusion studies have been reported for the Pr-Nd, La-Pr, and La-Ce systems. Yet, no data is available for the Ce-Nd system. This paper reports the results of Ce-Nd diffusion couples annealed at 425 C, 550 C, and 650 C. Both intrinsic and interdiffusion data have been calculated, as well as activation energy information as a function of composition. Comments will be made on how well the composition of the boundaries of the [({gamma}Ce) + ({beta}Ce, {alpha}Nd)] two-phase region in the Ce-Nd phase diagram agree with diffusion couple results.
Structure of the KcsA potassium channel from Streptomyces lividans: a site-directed spin labeling study of the second transmembrane segment.

KcsA is a prokaryotic potassium channel. The present study employs cysteine scanning mutagenesis and site-directed spin labeling to investigate the structure of the second transmembrane segment (residues 82−120) in functional tetrameric channels reconstituted in lipid bilayers. Spin−spin interactions are observed between nitroxide side chains at symmetry-related sites close to the 4-fold axis of symmetry. To aid in quantitative analysis of these interactions, a new diamagnetic analogue of the nitroxide side chain is used to prepare magnetically dilute samples with constant structure. Using constraints imposed by the spin−spin interactions, a packing model for this segment is deduced that is in excellent agreement with the recently reported crystal structure [Doyle, D., et al. (1998) Science 280, 69−77]. The relatively immobilized state of the nitroxide side chains suggests that the channel is rigid on the electron paramagnetic resonance time scale. Moreover, the poor sulfhydryl reactivity of the cysteine ...
THE MACROMOLECULAR NATURE OF THE FIRST COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT

Kinetic and ultracentrifugal experiments demonstrated that the previously described subcomponents of human C'1, designated C'1q, C'1r, and C'1s, interacted with each other in liquid phase to form a macromolecule which was then capable of converting sensitized erythrocytes (EA) to the state EAC'1. The apparent sedimentation constants of C'1q, C'1r, and C'1s and of the macromolecular product of their interaction were approximately 11S, 7S, 4S, and 18S respectively. Association of C'1 subcomponents was prevented and dissociation of macromolecular C'1 was effected by Na3HEDTA and Na2MgEDTA but not by Na2CaEDTA. The rate of formation of macromolecular C'1 was a function of concentration of subcomponents and temperature of interaction, with an apparent energy of activation of 21,000 calories per mol. Ultracentrifugal studies further indicated the macromolecular nature of C'1 in normal human serum. In the absence of EDTA, C'1 sedimented with the serum macroglobulins and C'1 subcomponents were not detected. Conversely, in the presence of EDTA, macromolecular C'1 was not demonstrable and individual C'1 subcomponents could be measured in lighter fractions. The significance of these observations in relation to previous studies on C'1 subcomponents, the role of Ca++ in C'1 function, and the subunit structure of Enzymes has been discussed.
A diagram technique for the antiferromagnetic ground-state

Perturbation series are obtained for the ground-state and energy of two- and three-dimensional lattices with an isotropic antiferromagnetic spin Hamiltonian for general spinS, and with cyclic boundary conditions. Only lattices divisible into two interpenetrating sublattices are considered. The off-diagonal part is treated as the perturbation, and, by introducing spin creation and annihilation operators, the series is evaluated using a diagram technique. No approximations are made. The method can easily be adapted to the anisotropic case. The two degenerate unperturbed ground-states are the symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of the two oppositely oriented completely ordered states. Reasonably good convergence, up to fourth order at least, is obtained for each lattice considered for allS, and numeral calculations for the energy are made forS-1/2 and 1. The values are lower than those of previous treatments for all cases except the b.c.c. with S = 1/2. The general convergence of the series has, however, been assumed, and the results, together with their implication of order in the ground-state, rest therefore upon this supposition. Special methods are developed in the diagram summation for treating (1) the double degeneracy of the unperturbed ground-state. and (2) the apparentN-body divergences in this system where the basic states cannot be represented as collections of ≪ free particles ≫, as in the boson or fermion case, and where the commutator of the annihilation and creation operators is not a e-number. These techniques may be useful for similar problems in other fields.
Who Will Attend? Characteristics of Couples and Individuals in Marriage Education

There are two purposes of this marriage education marketing study: (1) to compare the self-reported intra- and interpersonal qualities of 121 married couples (n = 242 individuals) attending a marriage education program with 46 married couples (n = 92 individuals) who were contacted through marketing promotional materials to attend the program but did not participate and (2) to determine if intra- and/or interpersonal qualities would predict the likelihood of marriage education attendance versus nonattendance. Results showed that compared with program nonparticipants, program participants reported lower levels of self-esteem, marital communication quality, marital commitment, marital satisfaction, family strengths, less consensus and intimacy, less fulfillment of marriage expectations, and increased levels of marital conflict. Levels of religiosity and fusion were the same for participants and nonparticipants. Wald logistic regression analysis indicated communication was the only significant predictor of m...