cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Routine Axillary Ultrasound for Patients with T1–T2 Breast Cancer Does Not Increase the Rate of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Based on Predictive Modeling

Since publication of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial results, demonstrating that many patients with nonpalpable axillary lymph nodes and one or two positive sentinel nodes do not require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), preoperative axillary ultrasound (AUS) has become controversial. Clinicians are concerned that AUS may lead to unnecessary ALND. The authors developed an algorithm (Algorithm 1) in which the number of AUS-suspicious nodes and tumor biology direct management. For estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) breast cancer with a single AUS-suspicious node and a positive lymph node needle biopsy (LNNB), sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed with a specimen X-ray documenting retrieval of the clipped node. Other patients with positive LNNB receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The authors hypothesized that routine AUS and this algorithm could decrease ALND compared with a strategy of no preoperative AUS. Decision-tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were used to assess the expected number of ALNDs under two strategies (routine AUS vs no AUS). Probabilities were drawn from a literature review and an institutional database. The authors assumed nodal pathologic complete response rates as reported in the literature. Four additional algorithms were created to assess whether any other treatment model could decrease the rate of ALND. Using the routine AUS and the authors’ algorithm, the predicted ALND rate was 9%, versus 10% for a strategy of no AUS, with overlapping uncertainty intervals. The remaining treatment algorithms showed similar results. Use of AUS may help to tailor patient care without leading to overutilization of ALND, as long as neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered when appropriate.
Simulated efficiency of range beef production. II. Fertility traits.

A modified version of the Texas AM and a yearling system in which calves were kept on the ranch through their second summer, then custom-fed. Biological efficiency was defined as the ratio of TDN input to product output, and economic efficiency was defined as the ratio of total dollar cost to 100 kg product output. A simulated increase in AAP from 365 to 425 d resulted in slightly decreased economic efficiency under a yearling system of management. An increase in PCA from .75 to .85 caused decreased biological efficiency under both weanling and yearling management systems, suggesting biological inefficiencies associated with maintaining mature cows. Simulation results indicate that optimal supplementation levels and corresponding levels of observed fertility depend on the value of product derived from cull cows relative to the value of product derived from fed animals and on the costs of developing replacement heifers relative to the costs of maintaining mature cows. Decreased fertility causes change in the sources of products, not product loss per se. For this reason, survivability may be a more important aspect of reproduction than fertility.
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Ice-Rafted and Turbidite Sediment, Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean

Examination of fifty, short, soft-sediment cores, recovered from the Canada Basin outer continental rise, identify four sediment types: silty lutite, sandy lutite, olive-gray lutite, and silt-sand.
Dairy cattle genomics: Tools to accelerate genetic improvement?

Traditional selection based on genetic merit calculated from phenotypic and pedigree informa- tion has been tremendously effective at improving pro- duction in dairy cattle. Hypothetically, genetic improve- ment could be accelerated even further for yield and other economically important traits by directly select- ing upon the genetic differences underlying the pheno- types. To elucidate these genetic differences, research strategies based on genomic science have been devel- oped to identify economic trait loci (ETL). Once resolved with respect to position in the genome, DNA marker- based tests that identify ETL can be practically applied to enhance selection in a commercial setting. To date, most dairy-related ETL have been detected in Holstein grandsire families using the granddaughter design. Be- cause the marker intervals identifying these ETL are not resolved well enough for accurate selection in cur- rent populations, ETL analyses have been or are being extended to include ancestral animals that connect fam- ily pedigrees and current generations of nonprogeny- tested animals from within the founder animal pedi- gree. Increasing genotypic and phenotypic information
THE MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF A FOUR-COMPARTMENT STOCHASTIC MODEL OF ROSE BENGAL TRANSPORT THROUGH THE HEPATIC SYSTEM

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the mathematical analysis of a four-compartment stochastic model of Rose Bengal transport through the hepatic system. Clinical differentiation among the major categories of liver disease is quite difficult. To hopefully aid in this diagnostic differentiation, a test based on measuring the disappearance rate of radioactive Rose Bengal leads to a four-compartment mathematical model of tracer transport. The chapter presents the findings of the mathematical analysis of this model. The physiological basis for the model centers on the transfer of bilirubin. Bilirubin transport, which forms the basis for many tests used in determining the nature of certain blood and liver disorders, is especially important in this model because it is the excess of bilirubin in the blood and body tissues that causes jaundice, the yellow discoloration associated with hepatic disease. The chapter illustrates the pathway of Rose Bengal.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Biomolecules in Water

Following our previous studies on understanding the structure and dynamics of biomolecules in water we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the following systems: i) the ion transport through Gramicidin A (GA) transmembrane channel, and ii) the hydration structure and dynamics of B and Z-DNA in the presence of counterions (K+). The results of these simulations are presented both for the structural and dynamical properties. In the case of gramicidin the results are most preliminary and seem to indicate that the waters close to the ion inside the channel point their dipoles towards the ion, while the waters away from the ion are influenced by the bulk waters. In the simulations of B and Z-DNA we find that the waters close to the helix retain their memory of their initial orientations for longer times than those waters away from the helix, in agreement with the relaxation studies of Lindsay et al. on Z-DNA. Further, the velocity auto correlation functions for the counterions (K+) exhibit a caged behavior unlike that in an ionic solution.
After Pasteur: History of New Rabies Vaccines

One of the major problems presented by the Pasteur rabies vaccine and its numerous varieties was the presence of animal nervous tissue in the final product and the potential allergic responses to that tissue, leading to encephalitis in humans and animals. As the vaccine was also occasionally applied indiscriminately to subjects not exposed to rabies, the price of vaccination was indeed high.
Renaturation of spinach leaf glyoxylic acid reductase.

Abstract Variables which affect the reassociation in vitro of the subunits of glyoxylic acid reductase have been defined and characterized. After exposure of the enzyme to 6.0 m guanidine hydrochloride-0.1 m mercaptoethanol or 8.0 m urea-0.1 m mercaptoethanol, optimal reassociation is obtained if the dissociated subunits are diluted into 0.15 m potassium phosphate or 0.2 m Tris-chloride, pH 7.2 to 7.6, containing 25% (v/v) glycerol and 5 mm to 50 mm mercaptoethanol. The yields of active enzyme are maximal if the temperature at dilution is 0°, if the temperature during renaturation is 0–2°, and if the protein concentration during renaturation is between 0.02 and 0.045 mg per ml. Under optimal conditions, the half-time for maximal renaturation is 7 to 10 hours and the recovery is 68% of the theoretical maximum, the catalytic capability of undenatured enzyme. Complete recovery is not obtained since the enzyme dissociates into subunits under the best of renaturation conditions and since small amounts of a poorly active tetramer are formed during the reassociation process. DPNH accelerates renaturation but does not significantly improve the yield. Glyoxylate inhibits both the rate of renaturation and the recovery of enzyme activity, whereas hydroxypyruvate has no effect on either. Bovine serum albumin, 0.1% (w/v), improves the yield of active enzyme to 85 or 90% of the theoretical maximum, but the same concentration of albumin has no effect on the initial rates of the reassociation process. Although subunit reassociation does not appear to depend on the formation of disulfide bonds, the stability of the renatured enzyme is improved as these links develop. The physical and kinetic properties of the completely renatured protein are the same as those of the native enzyme.
Lymphangiomatosis: Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly, Gorham-Stout Disease, and Kaposiform Lymphangiomatosis

Lymphatic anomalies, including lymphatic malformations and lymphangiomatosis, result from the lymphatic system and have been classified by ISSVA, as described in Chap. 2 of this textbook. When functioning properly, the lymphatic system maintains fluid balance, produces lymphocytes which provide important defense against pathogens, and is crucial to the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) from the small intestine into the bloodstream. Lymphatic channels develop early in gestation, and abnormalities of the lymphatic system often are present at the time of birth (Faul et al, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(3 Pt 1):1037–1046, 2000). The age of onset of clinical symptoms of a lymphatic anomaly varies widely, with some being identified on prenatal ultrasonography, and others occurring late in adulthood, depending on the type. The age of onset, degree of organ involvement, clinical course, and treatment options vary depending on the type.
Impact of Inkjet and 3D Printing Methods on Low Weight and Complex Structure Antennas

In this paper, impact of the inkjet and 3D printing methods on design and development of the novel antennas and arrays is discussed. Both techniques have got great attention in the recent years and are going to receive further importance as we move towards the 5G technology era. Some examples of inkjet and 3D printed antennas being carried out in the Antenna and Microwave Lab (AML) at San Diego State University will be discussed. The author had an opportunity to learn antennas while working with Prof. Lot Shafai at the University Of Manitoba. This provided the author a very high impact antenna engineering hands-on-training and which has contributed to his profession and in educating several other antenna engineers.
Autopsy Brain Removal Training Using Virtual Reality Simulation

Hospital autopsy is important for diagnosing neurodegenerative disease in deceased patients. Despite its importance, training autopsy brain removal is challenging for autopsy assistants due to lack of availability of real specimens, initial hesitation to perform the procedure because of proximity to the face, and limited teaching tools. To address these deficits, a virtual reality (VR) simulation was created to teach proper methods to perform the steps of the procedure. This simulation features real-time visual feedback of user performance during the step of opening the cranium with an oscillating saw in order to assist in skill improvement. It also provides an immersive VR interactive experience using realistic virtual patient models, sound effects, and haptic responses.
Subacute bacterial endocarditis causing disseminated intravascular coagulation: resolution after valve replacement

The following report describes a case of culture-negative subacute bacterial endocarditis complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation which failed to respond to therapy with antibiotics and heparin. The coagulopathy resolved within 24 hours after the affected heart valves were replaced with prosthetic valves.
Compound Data Types and Operators

Sets in SETL are finite collections of arbitrary SETL values. These values, called the members (or elements) of the set, are themselves data items of any SETL type. To write a set denotation, we simply list the members of the set, with commas between successive members, within the set brackets “{” and “}”.
I’m with You Till the End of the Line: The Romanticization of Male Bonds

The popularity of the bromance genre in television and film has attracted the attention of the general public as well as those interested in popular culture. Originally aimed at a male audience and with roots in ancestral male bonding, it has also attracted the attention of a female audience interested in the romanticization of the bond between two men. The resulting new genre is typically referred to as slash fiction (romantic stories involving expropriated male media characters) and has a mainly female audience. These fan-produced stories contain plots, tropes, and character features that reflect female evolutionary priorities and strategies. In many ways, it highlights the essential features of romance, those it shares with traditional romances, such as the focus on the development of long-term love relationships. In this chapter, we discuss the history and appeal of the bromance for men as well as its more recent manifestation in slash stories for a female audience once published in zines and now in online forums such as Archive of Our Own.
Influence of laser shock peening on the surface energy and tribocorrosion properties of an AZ31B Mg alloy

Abstract The present study investigates the influence of laser shock peening (LSP) on surface energy (SE) of AZ31B Magnesium alloy and its resilience to corrosion and tribocorrosion. AZ31B alloy was treated at different laser intensities. The S E and its interfacial components of treated surfaces were analyzed. The SE was found to be least at low laser intensity LSP. Lower interfacial SE showed decreased wettability, providing enhanced tribocorrosion resistance with respect to untreated surface. However, higher laser intensities increased the surface roughening effect, causing an increase in the interfacial SE and wettability of the surfaces, decreasing the tribocorrosion resistance. The study finds LSP can enhance tribological properties and mitigate the effects of corrosion and tribocorrosion.
Phytochemistry-mediated disruption of ant–aphid interactions by root-feeding nematodes

Plants link interactions between aboveground and belowground organisms. Herbivore-induced changes in plant chemistry are hypothesized to impact entire food webs by changing the strength of trophic cascades. Yet, few studies have explored how belowground herbivores affect the behaviors of generalist predators, nor how such changes may act through diverse changes to the plant metabolome. Using a factorial experiment, we tested whether herbivory by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) affected the aboveground interaction among milkweed plants (Asclepias fascicularis or Asclepias speciosa), oleander aphids (Aphis nerii), and aphid-tending ants (Linepithema humile). We quantified the behaviors of aphid-tending ants, and we measured the effects of herbivore treatments on aphid densities and on phytochemistry. Unexpectedly, ants tended aphids primarily on the leaves of uninfected plants, whereas ants tended aphids primarily at the base of the stem of nematode-infected plants. In nematode-infected plants, aphids excreted more sugar per capita in their ant-attracting honeydew. Additionally, although plant chemistry was species-specific, nematode infection generally decreased the richness of plant secondary metabolites while acting as a protein sink in the roots. Path analysis indicated that the ants' behavioral change was driven in part by indirect effects of nematodes acting through changes in plant chemistry. We conclude that belowground herbivores can affect the behaviors of aboveground generalist ant predators by multiple paths, including changes in phytochemistry, which may affect the attractiveness of aphid honeydew rewards.
Differentially Private Deep Learning with Direct Feedback Alignment.

Standard methods for differentially private training of deep neural networks replace back-propagated mini-batch gradients with biased and noisy approximations to the gradient. These modifications to training often result in a privacy-preserving model that is significantly less accurate than its non-private counterpart. We hypothesize that alternative training algorithms may be more amenable to differential privacy. Specifically, we examine the suitability of direct feedback alignment (DFA). We propose the first differentially private method for training deep neural networks with DFA and show that it achieves significant gains in accuracy (often by 10-20%) compared to backprop-based differentially private training on a variety of architectures (fully connected, convolutional) and datasets.
A portable scanner for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

Access to scanners for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically limited by cost and by infrastructure requirements. Here, we report the design and testing of a portable prototype scanner for brain MRI that uses a compact and lightweight permanent rare-earth magnet with a built-in readout field gradient. The 122-kg low-field (80 mT) magnet has a Halbach cylinder design that results in a minimal stray field and requires neither cryogenics nor external power. The built-in magnetic field gradient reduces the reliance on high-power gradient drivers, lowering the overall requirements for power and cooling, and reducing acoustic noise. Imperfections in the encoding fields are mitigated with a generalized iterative image reconstruction technique that leverages previous characterization of the field patterns. In healthy adult volunteers, the scanner can generate T1-weighted, T2-weighted and proton density-weighted brain images with a spatial resolution of 2.2 × 1.3 × 6.8 mm3. Future versions of the scanner could improve the accessibility of brain MRI at the point of care, particularly for critically ill patients. A portable prototype scanner for brain MRI that uses a compact and lightweight permanent rare-earth magnet with a built-in readout field gradient generates clinically relevant images of the brain, as shown in adult volunteers.
Impact of Wildfire Smoke Events on Indoor Air Quality and Evaluation of a Low-cost Filtration Method

ABSTRACT Increased wildland fire activity is producing extreme fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations impacting millions of people every year, especially in the western United States (US). Recommendations for limiting exposure to PM2.5 and associated adverse health outcomes focus on staying inside, closing windows and doors, and increasing filtration; however, relatively little is known about indoor air quality (IAQ) during major smoke events. Indoor and outdoor hourly PM2.5 (µg m–3) measurements from the publicly available PurpleAir sensor (PAS) network were analyzed for 42 sites (26 residential, 6 school, 10 commercial) across the western US during a September 2020 period of heavy wildfire smoke influence. The fraction of ambient PM2.5 that penetrates indoors and remains airborne (Fin), as well as the ratio (I/O) and correlation coefficient (R2) of indoor to outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, were lower in residential compared to commercial and school buildings. Interventions to improve IAQ were highly influential in PM2.5 infiltration in residential case studies, with multiple, continuously run filter units associated with lower Fin, I/O, and R2. A low-cost PM2.5 filtration method consisting of a Minimum Efficiency Rating Value-13 (MERV-13) filter attached to a box fan is evaluated as an alternative for improving IAQ during wildland fire smoke events. The MERV-13 fan filter unit proved highly effective at reducing indoor PM2.5 and particles 0.3–1.0 µm measured by PAS and a particle counter, respectively, when recirculating air in a single room. Low-cost filtration methods can have significant benefit for filtering submicron smoke particles and may reduce exposure to PM2.5 during wildfire smoke events.
Warm Gas at High Redshift - Clues to Gravitational Structure Formation from Optical Spectroscopy of Lyman Alpha Absorption Systems

We discuss the effects of gravitational collapse on the shape of absorption line profiles for low column density (log N(HI) < 14) Lyman Alpha forest clouds and argue by comparison with cosmological simulations that Lyman alpha forest observations show the signs of ongoing gravitational structure formation at high redshift. The departures of observed line profiles from thermal Voigt profiles (caused by bulk motion of infalling gas and compressional heating) are evident from the results of profile fitting as a correlation in velocity space among pairs of components with discrepant Doppler parameters. This correlation also allows us to qualitatively understand the meaning of the Doppler parameter - column density (b vs. N(HI)) diagram for intergalactic gas.
Phenomenology on a slice of AdS5 × ℳδ spacetime

We study the phenomenology resulting from backgrounds of the form AdS5 × δ, where δ denotes a generic manifold of dimension δ ≥ 1, and AdS5 is the slice of 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter space which generates the hierarchy in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model. The δ additional dimensions may be required when the RS model is embedded into a more fundamental theory. We analyze two classes of δ−dimensional manifolds: flat and curved geometries. In the first case, the additional flat dimensions may accommodate localized fermions which in turn could resolve issues, such as proton decay and flavor, that were not addressed in the original RS proposal. In the latter case, the positive curvature of an Sδ manifold with 1$>δ>1 can geometrically provide the 5-dimensional warping of the RS model. We demonstrate the key features of these two classes of models by presenting the background solutions, the spectra of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons, and their 4-dimensional couplings, for the sample manifolds S1/Z2, S1, and S2. The resulting phenomenology is distinct from that of the original RS scenario due to the appearance of a multitude of new KK graviton states at the weak scale with couplings that are predicted to be measurably non-universal within the KK tower. In addition, in the case of flat compactifications, fermion localization can result in KK graviton and gauge field flavor changing interactions.
Ice damage in loblolly pine: understanding the factors that influence susceptibility

Winter ice storms frequently occur in the southeastern United States and can severely damage softwood plantations. In January 2004, a severe storm deposited approximately 2 cm of ice on an intensively managed 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in South Carolina. Existing irrigation and fertilization treatments presented an opportunity to examine the effects of resource amendments on initial ice damage and subsequent recovery. Fertilized treatments showed more individual stem breakage, whereas nonfertilized treatments showed more stem bending; however, the proportion of undamaged trees did not differ between treatments. Irrigation did not influence the type of damage. Trees that experienced breakage during the storm were taller with larger diameter and taper and leaf, branch, and crown biomass compared with unbroken trees. One growing season after ice damage, relative height increases were significantly greater for trees experiencing stem breakage compared with unbroken trees; however, relative diameter increases were signifi- cantly lower for these trees. Relative diameter increases for broken trees were smaller for fertilized treatments compared with nonfertilized treatments. A reduction in wood strength was ruled out as the cause of greater breakage in fertilized trees; rather, fertilized trees had reached an intermediate diameter range known to be susceptible to breakage under ice loading. FOR .S CI. 53(5):580-589.
Oxidative control of oligomeric structure formation in Vibrio cholerae cryptochrome 1 (549.2)

Cryptochrome is a member of the blue-light photoreceptor family, and it appears to play a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm in organisms. The oligomeric structure of the protein appears to play a key role in the signaling mechanism. Vibrio cholerae Cryptochrome 1 (VcCry1) will be used as model protein for this study; it may be involved in both DNA repair and blue-light signaling in vivo. From our preliminary data, the oligomeric structure in VcCry1 appears to be related to the oxidation state of the active site FAD cofactor. Chemical cross linking will be used to examine the link between FAD oxidation state and oligomeric structure.
What is my evidence that here is a cup

This paper is about Susanna Schellenberg's view on the explanatory role of perceptual experience. I raise a basic question about what the argument for her view might be. Then I develop two new problem cases: one involving “seamless transitions” between perception and hallucination and another involving the graded character of perceptual evidence and justification.
Picosecond optical generation and detection of phonon waves in a‐As2Te3

Using the pump and probe technique we have observed oscillations of photoinduced transmission in thin films of a‐As2Te3. The oscillations have periods of 70‐240 ps, depending on sample thickness. We ascribe these to phonon propagation in the films. Thermal expansion and carrier deformation potentials are discussed as the origin of these waves. Their velocity in a‐As2Te3 is measured to be v=1.6×105 cm/s. The effect on transmission of heating by the laser pulse is estimated and compared to experiment.
Using adaptive optimization techniques to teach mobile Java computing

Dynamic, adaptive optimization is quickly becoming vital to the future of high-performance, mobile computing using Java. These compilation environments have the potential to enable ubiquitous computing on resources that together represent greater computing power than that which can be extracted from existing supercomputers. As a result, we believe that mobile computing requires new curricular directions for compilers and the Java Programming Language that focuses on adaptive techniques, has a performance orientation, and is empirical. We describe such a course that we recently implemented at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of semiconducting non-stoichiometric CdGe x As2

The infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of amorphous CdGexAs2 were investigated to study the amorphous structure with varying Ge content. The mid-infrared optical absorption edges of amorphous CdGexAs2 with 0<x<1.2, were observed in the range 1.6–1.7 μm, indicating a structural similarity in short-range order throughout. Comparing the reflectance and transmission spectra of amorphous and devitrified crystalline phases established that the structures of amorphous CdGexAs2 transformed from the CdAs2 basic structure to the chalcopyrite (CdGeAs2) structure, as one progressed fromx=0 tox=1.2. The infrared spectra were interpreted interactively with radial distribution function, magnetic susceptibility, density measurements, and crystallization studies. The crystallization behaviour of amorphous CdGexAs2 that was heat treated at different temperatures was investigated using far-infrared transmission spectra.
Unionization and Productivity: Micro-Econometric Evidence

It is widely agreed that unionization affects the rules and procedures governing the employment relation in organized establishments. The effect of these changes on establishment productivity, however, is unclear. This issue is examined using establishment-level data from the US cement industry. A positive union effect on the order of 6 to 8% is found in both cross-section and time-series data. Although some caution is in order in interpreting the results, the empirical evidence suggests that unionization can lead to productive changes in the operation of the enterprise. This finding, however, does not warrant the conclusion that unionization raises productivity in other industries with different union policies and management adjustments. 21 references, 5 tables.
Compressive Sensing DNA Microarrays

Compressive sensing microarrays (CSMs) are DNA-based sensors that operate using group testing and compressive sensing (CS) principles. In contrast to conventional DNA microarrays, in which each genetic sensor is designed to respond to a single target, in a CSM, each sensor responds to a set of targets. We study the problem of designing CSMs that simultaneously account for both the constraints from CS theory and the biochemistry of probe-target DNA hybridization. An appropriate cross-hybridization model is proposed for CSMs, and several methods are developed for probe design and CS signal recovery based on the new model. Lab experiments suggest that in order to achieve accurate hybridization profiling, consensus probe sequences are required to have sequence homology of at least 80% with all targets to be detected. Furthermore, out-of-equilibrium datasets are usually as accurate as those obtained from equilibrium conditions. Consequently, one can use CSMs in applications in which only short hybridization times are allowed.
Rectosigmoid bilharzioma causing intestinal obstruction

Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by flukes (trematodes) of any species of the genus Schistosoma whereas bilharzioma implies a localized mass of fibrous and inflammatory tissue, which usually contains many eggs, frequently involving serosa and mesentery. Bilharziomas are probably caused by a reaction to numerous eggs produced by one or more pair of worms in a single site, although altered host reactivity may also be a factor. Bilharziomas, even in endemic areas are quite uncommon lesions in adults. So far they have not been reported to cause intestinal obstruction in children. Herein we present a case masquerading as large bowel malignancy in a child. Management and follow up are also mentioned.
Mean field theory and boson expansion at finite temperature on the basis of the thermo field dynamics

Abstract Thermo field dynamics (TFD) is applied to the general hamiltonian with two-body interaction. The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equation and RPA at finite temperature are derived by the approximate diagonalization of the time translational operator of TFD. A boson expansion theory at finite temperature is developed by introducing duplicated boson spaces as the image of the boson mapping. These methods are applied to the two-level Lipkin model in which the basic group is shown to become O(5) at finite temperature in place of SU(2).
Impact of Troponin-I Phosphorylation on Human Cardiac Myofilament Function

A long-term goal of work in our laboratories is to understand the structural basis of myofilament function, i.e. cross-bridge dynamics (CD) and myofilament length dependent activation (LDA) in striated muscle in heath and disease. Moreover, in cardiac muscle LDA underlies the Frank Starling Law of the Heart. Troponin phosphorylation, and in particular troponin-I (cTnI), has been suggested to be a pivotal modulator of myofilament function. Here we examined the impact of phosphorylation of distinct cTnI domains on CD and LDA in isolated human myocardium. Site specific phosphorylation was accomplished by charge mutation of hcTnI phosphomimics on the PKA (S23/24D), PKC (S42/44E; T143E), AMPK (S150D), and novel (S5/6D) sites, followed by recombinant protein exchange into skinned non-failing human LV cardiac muscle strips (∼2mm long, and ∼150um diameter. Force and ATPase activity was measured as function of [Ca2+] at short and long sarcomere length (SL=2.0&2.3um). We found, LDA: hcTnI-S150D attenuated, hcTnI-S42/43E increase, and no effect for the other sites. CD as indexed by tension cost was: decreased for cTnI-S42/44E and hcTnI-S150D, and no effect for the other sites. We conclude that cTnI phosphorylation at distinct sites differentially affect cross-bridge cycling and length dependent activation in human myocardium. Structural analysis employing x-ray diffraction is underway to determine the structural basis for these phenomena. Supported by NIH HL075494, HL62426, GM103622.
XLVIII. The heat liberated during the absorption of electrons by different metals

(1911). XLVIII. The heat liberated during the absorption of electrons by different metals. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 21, No. 124, pp. 404-410.
FDG-PET in breast cancer: a different view of its clinical usefulness.

Abstract The current review addresses the role of whole-body PET imaging for diagnosing, staging, and re-staging of breast cancer, as well as its role for monitoring effects of treatment on breast cancer. The strengths and limitations of the conventional imaging modalities and those of PET are discussed. New solutions for relatively inexpensive PET screening of patients at risk for breast cancer are proposed. Clinical indications for PET in breast cancer are specified. (Mol Imag Biol 2002;4:35–45)
Narrow-Band Processing and Fusion Approach for Explosive Hazard Detection in FLGPR

This paper proposes an effective anomaly detection algorithm for a forward-looking ground-penetrating radar(FLGPR). One challenge for threat detection using FLGPR is its high dynamic range in response to different kinds of targets and clutter objects. The application of a fixed threshold for detection in a full-band radar image often yields a large number of false alarms. We propose a method that uses both narrow-band and full-band radar processing, coupled with a classifier that uses complex-valued Gabor filter responses as the features. We then fuse the narrow-band and fullband images into a composite confidence map and detect local maxima in this map to produce candidate alarm locations. Full-band radar images provide a high degree of image resolution, while narrow-band images provide a means to detect targets which have a unique narrow-band signature. Experimental results for our improved detection techniques are demonstrated on data sets collected at a US Army test site.
Intertwined pathways for Argonaute-mediated microRNA biogenesis in Drosophila

Although Dicer is essential for general microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, vertebrate mir-451 is Dicer independent. Instead, its short pre-miRNA hairpin is 'sliced' by Ago2, then 3'-resected into mature miRNAs. Here, we show that Drosophila cells and animals generate functional small RNAs from mir-451-type precursors. However, their bulk maturation arrests as Ago-cleaved pre-miRNAs, which mostly associate with the RNAi effector AGO2. Routing of pre-mir-451 hairpins to the miRNA effector AGO1 was inhibited by Dicer-1 and its partner Loqs. Loss of these miRNA factors promoted association of pre-mir-451 with AGO1, which sliced them and permitted maturation into ∼ 23-26 nt products. The difference was due to the 3' modification of single-stranded species in AGO2 by Hen1 methyltransferase, whose depletion permitted 3' trimming of Ago-cleaved pre-miRNAs in AGO2. Surprisingly, Nibbler, a 3'-5' exoribonuclease that trims 'long' mature miRNAs in AGO1, antagonized miR-451 processing. We used an in vitro reconstitution assay to identify a soluble, EDTA-sensitive activity that resects sliced pre-miRNAs in AGO1 complexes. Finally, we use deep sequencing to show that depletion of dicer-1 increases the diversity of small RNAs in AGO1, including some candidate mir-451-like loci. Altogether, we document unexpected aspects of miRNA biogenesis and Ago sorting, and provide insights into maturation of Argonaute-cleaved miRNA substrates.
Friedrich Schlegel and the Character of Romantic Ethics

Recent years have witnessed a rehabilitation of early German Romanticism in philosophy, including a renewed interest in Romantic ethics. Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) is acknowledged as a key figure in this movement. While significant work has been done on some aspects of his thought, his views on ethics have been surprisingly overlooked. This essay aims to redress this shortcoming in the literature by examining the core themes of Schlegel’s ethics during the early phase of his career (1793–1801). I argue that Schlegel’s position stands out against both the dominant Kantianism of his era, as well as against some of fellow Romantics. I show how Schlegel anticipates contemporary philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Harry Frankfurt, John McDowell, and Stanley Cavell in both his criticisms of traditional moral theory and in his attempts to develop a positive position.
Identification of FOXM1 as a therapeutic target in B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Despite recent advances in the cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the prognosis for patients with relapsed ALL remains poor. Here we identify FOXM1 as a candidate responsible for an aggressive clinical course. We show that FOXM1 levels peak at the pre-B-cell receptor checkpoint but are dispensable for normal B-cell development. Compared with normal B-cell populations, FOXM1 levels are 2- to 60-fold higher in ALL cells and are predictive of poor outcome in ALL patients. FOXM1 is negatively regulated by FOXO3A, supports cell survival, drug resistance, colony formation and proliferation in vitro, and promotes leukemogenesis in vivo. Two complementary approaches of pharmacological FOXM1 inhibition-(i) FOXM1 transcriptional inactivation using the thiazole antibiotic thiostrepton and (ii) an FOXM1 inhibiting ARF-derived peptide-recapitulate the findings of genetic FOXM1 deletion. Taken together, our data identify FOXM1 as a novel therapeutic target, and demonstrate feasibility of FOXM1 inhibition in ALL.
Revision in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Principles and Approach

As breast reconstruction has an aesthetic endpoint, secondary surgical intervention is an integral part of this process. This article examines revision in autologous breast reconstruction from the perspective of clinical priority. The authors examine challenges they may be faced in autologous breast reconstructions and suggest surgical approaches toward their resolution.
Development of a performance assessment of executive function: the Children's Kitchen Task Assessment.

OBJECTIVE. This study developed and explored the validity of the Children's Kitchen Task Assessment (CKTA), a performance assessment of executive function. METHOD. The development of the CKTA is described. Children were given the CKTA and neuropsychological assessments of executive functioning. Parents completed the Parent Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Parent BRIEF). RESULTS. Forty-nine typically developing children ages 8 to 12 years participated in this study. Interrater reliability and internal consistency were established. Preliminary evidence of discriminant validity was reflected in significant differences on neuropsychological tests and the Parent BRIEF between high- and low-scoring CKTA groups. Age-related differences in CKTA performance further supported discriminant validity. Support for concurrent validity was observed in moderate correlations with established neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION. Preliminary results suggest the CKTA is a valid performance assessment that evaluates the level of cognitive assistance children require to complete a challenging functional activity
Effects of succinylcholine on the pharmacodynamics of pipecuronium and pancuronium.

To study the effects of succinylcholine on subsequent pharmacodynamics of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, a comparative pharmacodynamic study was carried out in patients having balanced anesthesia (thiopental, fentanyl, nitrous oxide/oxygen) in whom equipotent doses of pipecuronium (80μg/kg) and pancuronium (100μg/kg) were given with or without prior administration of succinylcholine (1 mg/kg). Fifty–two patients were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: 1, pancuronium (100μg/kg); 2, pipecuronium (80μg/kg); 3, succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) plus pancuronium (100μg/kg); and 4, succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) plus pipecuronium (80μg/kg). In groups 3 and 4, the nondepolarizing relaxant was given after succinylcholine when the twitch height recovered to 75% of its control value. For maintenance of neuromuscular blockade, additional increments of pancuronium (20μg/kg) or pipecuronium (15μg/kg) were given. Neuromuscular function was monitored throughout induction, maintenance, spontaneous recovery, and pharmacologic reversal of the neuromuscular block. Mean onset times for pancuronium (group 1) and pipecuronium (group 2) given without succinylcholine were (mean ± SEM) 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 0.2 min, respectively. Mean onset times (times to maximum twitch depression) of the two drugs given after succinylcholine (groups 3 and 4) were significantly shorter (1.4 ± 0.4 and 1.6 ± 0.1 min, respectively). Clinical durations (i.e., until 25% twitch recovery of pancuronium and pipecuronium) were not significantly different among the four groups, varying from 81.1 ± 5.4 (group 4) to 107.0 ± 17.0 (group 2) min. Incremental doses used for maintenance of neuromuscular blockade had durations of action ranging from 44.5 ± 5.1 min (group 1) to 52.8 ± 7.3 min (group 3) and were not altered by the prior administration of succinylcholine. After the administration of nondepolarizing relaxant, times for spontaneous recovery of twitch height from 10% to 25% of baseline levels were comparable in all groups (from 15.2 ± 1.7 to 19.8 ± 2.2 min). The response to reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine (2.5 mg) and glycopyrrolate (0.5 mg) was identical in all groups. We conclude that during balanced anesthesia, the use of succinylcholine for intubation does not necessitate subsequent alteration in doses of pancuronium or pipecuronium.
Racial Discourse and Censorship on NBC-TV, 1948–60

The author explores postwar racial discourse in television programming at the National Broadcasting Company (NBC-TV). He concludes that NBC-TV's socially progressive notions were significant in altering television's complicated race negotiations after World War II—a period of transition between an inequitable system of racial hierarchy and a more culturally liberal postwar order.
Resonant states of the hydrogen atom in strong magnetic fields

Abstract Resonant states of atomic hydrogen in strong magnetic fields have been computed by semiclassical methods. Eigenvalues are obtained by using an adiabatic separation of variables and standard WKB methods; these are confirmed by semiclassical quantization of numerically computed quasiperiodic trajectories. Large numbers of resonant states are found at B = 10 kT for L z values above 20.
Projection of the nucleus pretectalis to a retinorecipient tectal layer in the pigeon (Columba livia).

The avian optic tectum is composed of at least 15 separate laminae that are distinguishable on the basis of their morphological features and patterns of afferent and efferent connectivity. Layer 5b, a major retinorecipient layer, exhibits dense, dust-like, neuropeptide Y-positive (NPY+) immunoreactive labeling, whereas sparse, larger caliber NPY+ fibers are found in laminae 4 and 7. Anterograde and retrograde labeling techniques, immunohistochemistry, and retinal lesion studies were used to determine the source of this tectal NPY+ labeling. NPY+ was not detectable in cells of the optic tectum or in retinal ganglion cells, and retinal ablation did not diminish the abundance of tectal NPY+ fibers. Neurons of two nuclei previously shown to be sources of tectal input, the nucleus pretectalis (PT) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL; Brecha, 1978), were found to be NPY+. Unilateral injection of retrograde tracers into the tectum resulted in bilateral labeling of neurons within PT, and injections of anterograde tracer into PT confirmed that this nucleus projected bilaterally to layer 5b of the optic tectum. Unilateral lesions of PT nearly eliminated NPY+ fibers in the ipsilateral layer 5b and significantly reduced them in the contralateral layer 5b. Bilateral lesions of PT eliminated NPY+ fibers bilaterally in layer 5b. However, these PT lesions had little effect on the NPY+ fibers in layers 4 and 7. Combined retrograde and immunohistochemical studies showed that NPY+ neurons of the IGL project to the optic tectum, and anterograde studies demonstrated that IGL projects to layers 4 and 7. The NPY+ projection to laminae 5b from PT is one of many inputs, which include cholinergic afferents from the nucleus isthmi parvicellularis, terminals from retinal ganglion cells, and dendrites of layer 13 neurons (Karten et al., 1993). The NPY+ input to layer 5b may modulate visual information flow from retinal input to various tectal neurons, including those in layer 13. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stripper foil failure modes and cures at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source

The Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source comprises a 1 GeV, 1.5 MW linear accelerator followed by an accumulator ring and a liquid mercury target. To manage the beam loss caused by the ${H}^{0}$ excited states created during the ${H}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ charge-exchange injection into the accumulator ring, the stripper foil is located inside one of the chicane dipoles. This has some interesting consequences that were not fully appreciated until the beam power reached about 840 kW. One consequence was sudden failure of the stripper foil system due to convoy electrons stripped from the incoming ${H}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam, which circled around to strike the foil bracket and cause bracket failure. Another consequence is that convoy electrons can reflect back up from the electron catcher and strike the foil and bracket. An additional contributor to foil system failure is vacuum breakdown due to the charge developed on the foil by secondary electron emission. In this paper we detail these and other interesting failure mechanisms and describe the improvements we have made to mitigate them.
Characterization of microparticles after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a well-studied model of liver injury and has demonstrated a biphasic injury followed by recovery and regeneration. Microparticles (MPs) are a developing field of study and these small membrane bound vesicles have been shown to have effector function in other physiologic and pathologic states. This study was designed to quantify the levels of MPs from various cell origins–platelets, neutrophils, and endolethial cells–following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: A murine model was used with mice undergoing 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by various times of reperfusion. Following reperfusion, plasma samples were taken and MPs of various cell origins were labeled and levels were measured using flow cytometry. Additionally, cell specific MPs were further assessed by Annexin V, which stains for the presence of phosphatidylserine, a cell surface marker linked to apoptosis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with subsequent Student-Newman-Keuls test with data presented as the mean and standard error of the mean. Results: MPs from varying sources show an increase in circulating levels following hepatic I/R injury. However, the timing of the appearance of different MP subtypes differs for each cell type. Platelet and neutrophil-derived MP levels demonstrated an acute elevation following injury whereas endothelial-derived MP levels demonstrated a delayed elevation. Conclusion: This is the first study to characterize circulating levels of cell-specific MPs after hepatic I/R injury and suggests that MPs derived from platelets and neutrophils serve as markers of inflammatory injury and may be active participants in this process. In contrast, MPs derived from endothelial cells increase after the injury response during the reparative phase and may be important in angiogenesis that occurs in the regenerating liver.