cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C6: Exploring the Design Space of Nanoelectronics Systems Using a Model of Consumer/Resource Networks

Many problems exist which can be modeled as a network of consumers competing for shared resources with limited interconnections. In such problems, the crucial factors include not only the number and ratio of consumers and resources, but also the topology of the network and the policy for assigning resources to consumers. This is a particularly powerful model for nanoelectronics systems due to the common characteristics of proposed nanoelectronic devices: systems based on these devices are resource rich, constrained to localized interconnections, and are impacted by high occurrences of faults. Consequently, the complex design space, including cost, reliability, and performance of such systems must be modeled, analyzed and simulated with the support of a flexible toolset. Within the context of the consumer/resource model, a nanoelectronics-based system may be represented by a tuple of: 1) a network topology which defines the interconnection between consumers and resources, 2) the dynamics of demand for resources and fault occurrences affecting resource availability, and 3) a decentralized policy which determines the assignment of resources to consumers. With this motivation, it is essential that fundamental tools are available that may serve as a platform to examine the characteristics of these systems. With these considerations in mind, we introduce C6: a freely available, open-source toolset to aid in the examination of various system behaviors. The toolset provides for the generation and analysis of network topologies and the simulation of dynamic behaviors and assignment policies. In this paper, we explore the myriad aspects of the problem and examine the architecture and implementation of the toolset.
Comparative Study of Feeding Techniques for Three-Dimensional Cavity Resonators at 60 GHz

In this paper, various topologies of feeding structures are comparatively evaluated for 60-GHz three-dimensional integrated cavity resonators used in three-dimensional integrated RF modules. Three excitation techniques (slot excitation with a shorting via, slot excitation with a lambdag/4 open stub, probe excitation) have been evaluated using simulated and measured data. The probe excitation is demonstrated as an attractive option for wideband applications due to its relatively wide bandwidth performance (~1.8%) and the strongest external coupling. The slot excitation with an open stub outperforms the other techniques, exhibiting the lowest insertion loss (~0.84 dB) for a 3-dB bandwidth of about 1.5% centered at 59.2 GHz and has the simplest fabrication
Architecture of ASCAMP digital hardware

The advanced single-channel antijam man-portable (ASCAMP) is a low-power, lightweight, portable EHF satellite communications terminal supporting the Satellite Data Link Standard (1582C). The author discusses the design philosophy and architecture of the ASCAMP downlink processor (DP), a subsystem which performs baseband processing and extraction of intelligence from the received signal. To ensure absolute minimum size and power consumption, the whole DP is a custom-designed hardware structure tailored to the specific needs. The architecture chosen consists of a number of hardware modules, each performing part of the needed data transformations. All share a common memory to which they have independent, time-multiplexed access. Besides performing assigned tasks, each also posts status and addressing information concerning its most recent data read-write operations. This self-documenting action provides control for rapid computational flow through the DP. >
Determination of the Effects of Strain on Electrical Resistivity in Patterned Interconnects

Sensitive measurements of electromigration-induced resistance changes in metallization interconnects have been previously interpreted as due to precipitation effects, vacancy concentration changes and local stress changes (due to the piezoresistance effect). The latter have the potential for characterizing the early stages of electromigration-induced diffusive phenomena prior to larger scale effects such as voiding and subsequent localized joule heating which seriously complicate the interpretation of small resistance changes. However the utility of such “early" measurements is also hindered by lack of an accurate knowledge of the stress coefficient of resistivity as a proper characterization of the change in strain state of the Al. We present measurements of the effects of volumetric strain on the resistivity of Al interconnects where the strain is induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the Al and surrounding passivations. The piezoresistance effect is characterized by properly accounting for the degree of interconnect constraint (and volumetric strain) induced by thermal expansion mismatch as a function of temperature for both passivated and unpassivated lines. Sensitive interconnect resistance versus temperature measurements for differently constrained interconnects (with different volumetric strains) thus allows for the measurement of the piezoresistance effect. Other effects such as solute or vacancy concentration changes with temperature are minimized since the measurements are performed by cooling the passivated and unpassivated lines from room temperature to approximately 70K, rather than by significant heating above room temperature. We determine the piezoresistance coefficient, defined as dρ/dɛ v , where ρ = resistivity and ɛ v = volumetric strain, to be approximately 1.5 −5 Ω-cm, in rough agreement with previous work. The interpretation of sensitive resistance measurements as volumetric strains in isolated sections of interconnects undergoing electromigration-induced diffusion processes is described for specialized test structures.
A histological evaluation and in vivo assessment of intratumoral near infrared photothermal nanotherapy-induced tumor regression.

Purpose Nanoparticle (NP)-enabled near infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy has realized limited success in in vivo studies as a potential localized cancer therapy. This is primarily due to a lack of successful methods that can prevent NP uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, especially the liver and kidney, and deliver sufficient quantities of intravenously injected NPs to the tumor site. Histological evaluation of photothermal therapy-induced tumor regression is also neglected in the current literature. This report demonstrates and histologically evaluates the in vivo potential of NIR photothermal therapy by circumventing the challenges of intravenous NP delivery and tumor targeting found in other photothermal therapy studies. Methods Subcutaneous Cal 27 squamous cell carcinoma xenografts received photothermal nanotherapy treatments, radial injections of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ylated gold nanorods and one NIR 785 nm laser irradiation for 10 minutes at 9.5 W/cm(2). Tumor response was measured for 10-15 days, gross changes in tumor size were evaluated, and the remaining tumors or scar tissues were excised and histologically analyzed. Results The single treatment of intratumoral nanorod injections followed by a 10 minute NIR laser treatment also known as photothermal nanotherapy, resulted in ~100% tumor regression in ~90% of treated tumors, which was statistically significant in a comparison to the average of all three control groups over time (P Conclusion Photothermal nanotherapy, or intratumoral nanorod injections followed by NIR laser irradiation of tumors and tumor margins, demonstrate the potential of NIR photothermal therapy as a viable localized treatment approach for primary and early stage tumors, and prevents NP uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
Transient phenomena in one-dimensional compressible gas–particle flows

The transient behavior of compressible gas– particle flows produced in shock tubes with particle-laden driver section is studied. Particular attention is focused on the time scales with which the solution approaches the equilibrium state. Theoretical estimates indicate that the gas and particle contact surfaces equilibrate first, followed by the shock wave, and finally by the expansion fan. The estimates are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The simulations also show that the approach to equilibrium condition of the shock speed is non-monotonic (monotonic) if the mass fraction of particles initially located in the driver section is below (above) a particle-diameter dependent critical value. For the speed of the particle contact surface, the reverse trends are observed.
Cross-vendor evaluation of key user-defined clinical decision support capabilities: a scenario-based assessment of certified electronic health records with guidelines for future development

Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) is essential for delivery of high-quality, cost-effective, and safe healthcare. The authors sought to evaluate the CDS capabilities across electronic health record (EHR) systems. Methods We evaluated the CDS implementation capabilities of 8 Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Authorized Certification Body (ONC-ACB)-certified EHRs. Within each EHR, the authors attempted to implement 3 user-defined rules that utilized the various data and logic elements expected of typical EHRs and that represented clinically important evidenced-based care. The rules were: 1) if a patient has amiodarone on his or her active medication list and does not have a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) result recorded in the last 12 months, suggest ordering a TSH; 2) if a patient has a hemoglobin A1c result >7% and does not have diabetes on his or her problem list, suggest adding diabetes to the problem list; and 3) if a patient has coronary artery disease on his or her problem list and does not have aspirin on the active medication list, suggest ordering aspirin. Results Most evaluated EHRs lacked some CDS capabilities; 5 EHRs were able to implement all 3 rules, and the remaining 3 EHRs were unable to implement any of the rules. One of these did not allow users to customize CDS rules at all. The most frequently found shortcomings included the inability to use laboratory test results in rules, limit rules by time, use advanced Boolean logic, perform actions from the alert interface, and adequately test rules. Conclusion Significant improvements in the EHR certification and implementation procedures are necessary.
Kernel machines and additive fuzzy systems: classification and function approximation

This paper investigates the connection between additive fuzzy systems and kernel machines. We prove that, under quite general conditions, these two seemingly quite distinct models are essentially equivalent. As a result, algorithms based upon support vector (SV) learning are proposed to build fuzzy systems for classification and function approximation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated using extensive experimental results.
Lens Aberration Aware Timing-Driven Placement

Process variations due to lens aberrations are to a large extent systematic, and can be modeled for purposes of analyses and optimizations in the design phase. Traditionally, variations induced by lens aberrations have been considered random due to their small extent. However, as process margins reduce, and as improvements in reticle enhancement techniques control variations due to other sources with increased efficacy, lens aberration-induced variations gain importance. For example, our experiments indicate that lens aberration can result in up to 8% variation in cell delay. In this paper, we propose an aberration-aware timing-driven analytical placement approach that accounts for aberration-induced variations during placement. Our approach minimizes the design's cycle time and prevents hold-time violations under systematic aberration-induced variations. On average, the proposed placement technique reduces cycle time by ~ 5% at the cost of ~ 2% increase in wire length
A bio-assay for minute amounts of progesterone.

THE ENDOMETRIUM of the mouse exhibits an apparently specific response to progesterone that consists primarily in hypertrophy of the stromal nuclei (Hooker, 1940,1945). Since the response to progesterone in this species is much simpler morphologically than the complex glandular changes in the rabbit, since the systemic dose required is less (0.125 mg. as compared with 0.5 mg.), and since the amount of tissue exposed to the hormone upon direct administration is necessarily small, local administration in the mouse offered promise of providing a highly sensitive method of assay. As will be described, the method proved feasible and regularly detects progesterone in an amount of 0.0002 μg. EXPERIMENTS Technique. To minimize variations in the test animals, all of the 200 mice used have been members of the highly inbred CHI strain of Strong (1942), maintained on a diet of Purina Fox Chow and water supplied ad libitum.
Irrigation frequency and seasonal timing effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production

Abstract Limited information is available on frequency and seasonal timing of irrigation in perennial ryegrass seed crops. Two field experiments were conducted in Oregon to investigate irrigation effects on seed production in seven cultivars of perennial ryegrass. Three spring irrigation treatments were tested in Experiment 1 over a two-year period: none (control), single irrigation to fill the soil profile to field capacity (FC) at anthesis, and multiple irrigations to maintain soil water deficit ≤50 mm below FC until the beginning of seed fill; and single fall and spring irrigation timings were tested in Experiment 2 over a three-year period. Spring irrigation increased seed yield of perennial ryegrass in both experiments while fall irrigation had no effect in the second experiment. A single spring irrigation increased seed yield by an average 16.1% whereas multiple irrigations resulted in an average increased yield of 24.6% in Experiment 1. Single spring irrigation in Experiment 2 increased seed yield by an average 6.5%. Seed yield increases attributable to spring irrigation were the result of a combination of increased seed number and seed weight. Spring irrigation increased harvest index and seed set. Water use efficiency was reduced by spring and fall irrigation. Perennial ryegrass seed crops can benefit from spring irrigation but the frequency of irrigation is best determined by the quantity of water available and economic considerations.
Stepwise Regression in Social and Psychological Research

Researchers often invoke stepwise ordinary least squares regression to explain, predict or classify practical problems or theoretical constructs in psychological and social research. Unfortunately,...
Theoretical Studies of Grain Boundaries in Ni, Al, and Ni3Al with and without Boron

Atomistic simulations of (001) symmetric tilt grain boundaries in Ni, Al, and Ni/sub 3/Al are presented. The atomistic structures of the simulated grain boundaries have been analyzed in terms of the structural unit model, which is found to be of limited utility for intermetallics. Simulation results show that boron segregates more strongly to grain boundaries than to free surfaces, and strengthens the grain boundary. Good cohesive properties of the grain boundaries occur when both boron and some segregated Ni are present. The Ni and B are found to co-segregate to the Ni/sub 3/Al boundary with an energy advantage of /approximately/0.5 eV. 17 refs., 3 figs.
The New Toxicology of Sophisticated Materials: Nanotoxicology and Beyond

It has long been recognized that the physical form of materials can mediate their toxicity—the health impacts of asbestiform materials, industrial aerosols, and ambient particulate matter are prime examples. Yet over the past 20 years, toxicology research has suggested complex and previously unrecognized associations between material physicochemistry at the nanoscale and biological interactions. With the rapid rise of the field of nanotechnology and the design and production of increasingly complex nanoscale materials, it has become ever more important to understand how the physical form and chemical composition of these materials interact synergistically to determine toxicity. As a result, a new field of research has emerged—nanotoxicology. Research within this field is highlighting the importance of material physicochemical properties in how dose is understood, how materials are characterized in a manner that enables quantitative data interpretation and comparison, and how materials move within, interact with, and are transformed by biological systems. Yet many of the substances that are the focus of current nanotoxicology studies are relatively simple materials that are at the vanguard of a new era of complex materials. Over the next 50 years, there will be a need to understand the toxicology of increasingly sophisticated materials that exhibit novel, dynamic and multifaceted functionality. If the toxicology community is to meet the challenge of ensuring the safe use of this new generation of substances, it will need to move beyond “nano” toxicology and toward a new toxicology of sophisticated materials. Here, we present a brief overview of the current state of the science on the toxicology of nanoscale materials and focus on three emerging toxicology-based challenges presented by sophisticated materials that will become increasingly important over the next 50 years: identifying relevant materials for study, physicochemical characterization, and biointeractions.
INSECTS AS FOOD: Why the Western Attitude Is Important

▪ Abstract The traditional use of insects as food continues to be widespread in tropical and subtropical countries and to provide significant nutritional, economic and ecological benefits for rural communities. Westerners should become more aware of the fact that their bias against insects as food has an adverse impact, resulting in a gradual reduction in the use of insects without replacement of lost nutrition and other benefits.
AccessScope project: Accessible light microscope for users with upper limb mobility or visual impairments.

Purpose. A web-based application was developed to remotely view slide specimens and control all functions of a researchlevel light microscopy workstation, called AccessScope. Students and scientists with upper limb mobility and visual impairments are often unable to use a light microscope by themselves and must depend on others in its operation. Method. Users with upper limb mobility impairments and low vision were recruited to assist in the design process of the AccessScope personal computer (PC) user interface. Participants with these disabilities were evaluated in their ability to use AccessScope to perform microscopical tasks. AccessScope usage was compared with inspecting prescanned slide images by grading participants’ identification and understanding of histological features and knowledge of microscope operation. Results. With AccessScope subjects were able to independently perform common light microscopy functions through an Internet browser by employing different PC pointing devices or accessibility software according to individual abilities. Subjects answered more histology and microscope usage questions correctly after first participating in an AccessScope test session. Conclusions. AccessScope allowed users with upper limb or visual impairments to successfully perform light microscopy without assistance. This unprecedented capability is crucial for students and scientists with disabilities to perform laboratory coursework or microscope-based research and pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields.
The primate origins of female sexuality, and their implications for the role of non-conceptive sex in the reproductive strategies of women

(1996). The primate origins of female sexuality, and their implications for the role of non-conceptive sex in the reproductive strategies of women. Global Bioethics: Vol. 9, No. 1-4, pp. 31-47.
Chaotic pulse position modulation: a robust method of communicating with chaos

In this letter we investigate a communication strategy for digital ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio, where the separation between the adjacent pulses is chaotic arising from a dynamical system with irregular behavior. A pulse position method is used to modulate binary information onto the carrier. The receiver is synchronized to the chaotic pulse train, thus providing the time reference for information extraction. We characterize the performance of this scheme in terms of error probability versus E/sub b//N/sub 0/ by numerically simulating its operation in the presence of noise and filtering.
A stability analysis of two-dimensional nonlinear digital state-space filters

Two different methods for a stability analysis of 2-D nonlinear discrete state-space systems under zero input conditions are provided. The first method reduces the task of testing a 2-D discrete nonlinear or shift-varying system to a single 2-D linear stability test of a system matrix with nonnegative system matrix entries. The second method is based on a number of norm tests for products of extreme matrices, and can be considered the 2-D counterpart of the method for 1-D systems described by K.T. Erickson and A.N. Michel (1985). Both of the introduced methods are based on the sector description of the nonlinearity and can be used to analyze digital filter stability under finite-word-length effects. >
Learning human preferences to sharpen images

We propose an image sharpening method that automatically optimizes the perceived sharpness of an image. Image sharpness is defined in terms of the one-dimensional contrast across region boundaries. Regions are automatically extracted for all natural scales present that are themselves identified automatically. Human judgments are collected and used to learn a function that determines the best sharpening parameter values at an image location as a function of certain local image properties. We use the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to estimate the joint probability density of the preferred sharpening parameters and local image properties. The latter are then adaptively estimated by parametric regression from GMM. Experimental results demonstrate the adaptive nature and superior performance of our approach over the traditional Unsharp Masking method.
Degradation of carbaryl and 1-naphthol by marine microorganisms

Carbaryl (l-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate), a carbamate insecticide with a wide range of activity and relatively low degree of toxicity to animals, is one of the most commonly used pesticides. It may enter the estuarine environment as a result of run-off from agricultural lands or through its use in the control of estuarine pests. Among the various factors which determine the fate of a pesticide, microbial transformation is one of the most important. The metabolism of carbaryl by soil microorganisms has been reported (BOLLAG and LIU, 1971; LIU and BOLLAG, 1971a; LIU and BOLLAG, 1971b; BOLLAG and LIU, 1972a; KAZANO et al., 1972). It has also been shown that carbaryl is readily hydrolyzed to l-naphthol non-biologically in sea water (KARINEN et al., 1967; LAMBERTON and CLAEYS, 1970). l-Naphthol has been reported to be more toxic to fish (STEWART et al., 1967) and microorganisms (BOLLAG and LIU, 1971) than the parent compound (carbaryl); therefore, it becomes important to have information on its further transformation in order to have a comprehensive knowledge of the fate of carbaryl. The degradation of carbaryl and l-naphthol by marine microorganisms has received little attention. This investigation was undertaken to test the ability of selected species of marine bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi to degrade the two chemicals.
Processing speed in the 1st year of life: a longitudinal study of preterm and full-term infants.

Processing speed was assessed at 5, 7, and 12 months in full-term and preterm infants (birthweight 1,750 g). Speed was gauged directly in a new task by presenting infants with a series of paired faces, one that remained the same across trials and one that changed; trials continued until infants showed a consistent novelty preference. At all ages, preterms required about 20% more trials and 30% more time than full-terms to reach criterion. Among preterms, slower processing was associated with greater medical risk (e.g., respiratory distress syndrome). Developmental trajectories for speed (and attention) were similar for both groups. Thus, the deficits in processing speed previously found for preterms in childhood are already present in the 1st year of life.
Dynamic soil pressures on rigid vertical walls

A critical evaluation is made of the dynamic pressures and the associated forces induced by ground shaking on a rigid, straight, vertical wall retaining a semi-infinite, uniform viscoelastic layer of constant thickness. The effects of both harmonic and earthquake-induced excitations are examined. Simple approximate expressions for the responses of the system are developed, and comprehensive numerical data are presented which elucidate the effects and relative importance of the various parameters involved. These solutions are then compared with those obtained by use of a simple model proposed previously by Scott, and the accuracy of this model is assessed. Finally, two versions of an alternative model are proposed which better approximate the action of the system. In the first, the properties of the model are defined by frequency-dependent parameters, whereas in the second, which is particularly helpful in analyses of transient response, they are represented by frequency-independent, constant parameters.
The oncogenic potential of the high mobility group box protein Sox3

Sox proteins belong to the superfamily of high mobility group (HMG) proteins. Sox3 is expressed predominantly in the immature neuroepithelium. Ectopic expression of Sox3 causes oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). The oncogenicity of Sox3 is correlated with nuclear localization and transcriptional regulatory activity; mutants containing deletions in the HMG box or the transactivation domain fail to induce foci of transformation. These observations suggest that Sox proteins can induce aberrant cell growth and strengthen the link of HMG proteins to oncogenesis.
In the Name of Equal Rights: “Special” Rights and the Politics of Resentment in Post–Civil Rights America

This article explores the character of conservative legal activism in post–civil rights America, arguing that this activism is motivated by two related factors: (1) resentment over the increased political participation of historically marginalized Americans and (2) principled allegations that these historically marginalized Americans are making illegitimate claims for “special,” not equal, rights. I argue that the allegation of special rights is tied to the activists' resentment in multiple and complex ways. On the one hand, the allegation that the rights claims of the historically marginalized are illegitimate claims for special rights is itself an expression of resentment. Like arguments that oppose redistributive social change by relying upon discourses of color blindness, states' rights, evangelical Christianity, and community harmony, special rights talk channels resentment into recognizable and intelligible forms. But, on the other hand, the use of special rights talk is not simply cover for an underlying, fully formed resentment. Instead, the allegation of special rights propels and amplifies activists' resentment, transforming it from one that is based primarily upon competing self-interests into one that is concerned with values, morality, and national identity. Special rights talk thus partially constitutes resentment; it hardens the resolve of opponents of redistributive social change, encouraging them to understand themselves as defenders not only of their own self-interests but also, primarily even, as defenders of the core American values and ideals that are promoted by equal rights and assaulted by special rights. Thus convinced that their opposition is authorized by American tradition, conservative legal activists redouble their counter-mobilization efforts, leading to an exacerbation of already tense conflicts. A case study of the nationwide anti-treaty-rights movement grounds this analysis.
Comments on Comparisons of Condensation Nucleus Counters

Abstract The recent article by Cadle et al. (1975) describes a comparison of different types of condensation nucleus counters. Some general remarks are made here on the terminology and calibration of the counters and on the interpretation of the results. A comparison of one of the calibrated instruments (SANDS) with the UMR Absolute Aitken Nuclei Counter (UMR-AANC) in Rolla just after the described workshop showed steadily lower counts by SANDS (about 30% lower). This enables one to compare indirectly the UMR-AANC with the other counters.
A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique that Differentiates Between Neospora Species

Neospora caninum is a recently described coccidial parasite that was first isolated from a dog in 1988 and has subsequently been shown to infect a wide range of mammals. Neospora hughesi, a new species of this genus, has recently been isolated from the spinal cord of horses showing clinical signs of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. The random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction technique is capable of differentiating between N. caninum and N. hughesi.
A coupled chemo-fluidic computational model for thrombogenesis in infarcted left ventricles

A computational method that simultaneously resolves the left ventricular flow patterns as well as the biochemical coagulation cascade (CC) is proposed. The method enables a clear identification of ...
A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts, and Product Concepts:

The author describes the construction of a scale to measure self-concepts, person concepts, and product concepts. Multivariate analysis and multidimensional scaling procedures are employed to devel...
The Group of Units in Zm

The proof is trivial. An anecdotal account of a classic constructible dilemma. I was sitting in the grass outside Cabell Hall reading from Lakatos when I spied Cohn and Klaus ambling down the lawn, as was their wont each weekday during t-he lunch hour. Cohn, recently converted to a constructivist philosophy, had involved Klaus in an animated discussion. "I can no longer-I dare say I will NEVER-accept existence merely on the presumption that nonexistence is contradictory." Cohn exclaimed. "To paraphrase Bishop, if one proves that a thing exists then one should show how to find it." To which Klaus responded, "That's ridiculous! Brouwer notwithstanding, I will NEVER require that existence is dependent upon absolute constructibility. What a notion!" The two had gone round and round like this-Brouwerian counterexamples to the
Wellness:: Past Visions, Future Roles

The American health care system has gone through various stages of development over the past decades. The stages range from a physician dominated medical model to the currently emerging Wellness era in which alternative delivery systems are being designed. These changes in the direction of health care are designed to reduce health care costs and also to promote healthier life styles. Wellness, however, is not a new concept. Occupational therapy has espoused and practiced its principles since its inception as a profession over seventy years ago. This paper looks at the historical development of the health care system and relates the growth of the wellness movement to occupational therapy practice. It suggests that the profession was a forerunner to current wellness activity. Finally, it explores research projects and the creation of occupational therapy positions and curricular alterations to meet the needs of the current wellness movement.
Some Aspects of Fourier Series

(1970). Some Aspects of Fourier Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 119-133.
CORRELATIONS OF SCORES ON VERBAL AND NONVERBAL. MEASURES OF INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED STUDENTS

Summary.-For 80 intellectually gifted students, intelligent quotients and percentiles from the WISC-R, Stanford-Binet, Standard Progressive Matrices, and the Culture-Fair Intelligence Test were correlated. Pearson correlations were larger among the nonverbal measures of intelligence than between the nonverbal and verbal measures. The cognitive abilities of gifted srudents have been measured in a variety of ways. The WISCR (Wechsler, 1974) and the Stanford-Binet (Terman & Merrill, 1973) have been recognized as measures of verbal and nonverbal intellectual functioning. Two other widely employed nonverbal measures are the Standard Progessive Matrices (Raven, 1981) and the Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (Cattell, 1973). However, the relationships among these verbal and nonverbal tests have not been recently assessed so the present study was designed to estimate the magnitudes of correlations among these measures because the cognitive constructi of the instruments employed are purportedly different. The 80 subjects were 41 boys and 39 girls who had just completed Grades 4 through 8 prior to enrolling in a residential summer enrichment program at a southeastern university. The students were required to meet either state criteria for placement (a) a score of 120 or above on the WISC-R or the Stanford-Binet or (b) placement in a gifted program by a state-appoinred regional screening team. The two nonverbal measures were administered in groups by a trained examiner. The means and standard deviations of the subjects' performance are presented in Table 1. The Pearson correlations between the tests are presented in Table 2. It should be
Electrical bioimpedance measurement technology and its application in detection of meat quality

The principles and the performances of electrical bioimpedance measurement technology are discussed.Development trend and application of bioimpedance measurement technology in detection of meat quality are reviewed.The technique is a suitable tool for the assessment of meat fat,water content,tenderness and the discrimination between normal suited meat and PSE meat.However,there are a few influences on detecting meat quality using this method,e.g.testing time post-mortem,measuring point,and direction of driving source current.The standardization of this technique must be taken into account to improve the accuracy in the future.
Effect of VCT Services in Anshan City in 2009

[Objective]To assess the effect of VCT implementation in Anshan City,and provide scientific basis for expansion and strengthening of VCT services.[Methods] VCT services were established in Anshan CDC,providing standard VCT services for enquirers.The obtained data were input in National HIV Information Management System.SPSS 11.5 software was applied to analyze 1 145 pieces of data.[Results]In 2009,there were 1 145 enquirers whose average ages were 29.03±9.65 years old.1 072 enquirers were males,73 were females,with histories of male homosexual activities 78.0% and histories of non-marriage heterosexual activities 16.5% respectively.A significantly higher rate of repeat tests requests from male homosexual enquirers(71.2%),comparing to those from other enquirers(35.3%) was noted.(χ2 =109.077,P0.05).28 out of 1 145 enquirers(2.4%) were proved to be HIV positive.Excluding 7 enquirers who were reported to be HIV positively in previous tests,there were 21 new cases with HIV positive results.Among which 19 cases were homosexual men,1 had drug use history,1 had history of non-marriage sexual relationship.Positive rate from repeat tests and from first-presenting tests were 1.95% and 1.67% respectively,which were not significantly different(χ2=0.117,P0.05).[Conclusion]The majority of enquirers are young males with history of homosexual activities.There is a higher rate of repeat tests request in male enquirers,while repeat test positive rate had no effect on HIV-positive detection rate..Therefore,optimizing VCT services with behavioral intervention as an effective measure to prevent HIV management is valuable.
Avoidant and Schizoid Personality Disorders

Psychiatric patients of many diagnoses complain of difficulties in establishing and maintaining adequate social relationships. These difficulties frequently involve excessive social anxiety, the avoidance of interpersonal interaction, inept or inappropriate behavior when interaction cannot be avoided, fears of negative evaluation from others, and poor self-esteem. As a result, the social networks of patients are often limited in size and deficient in providing emotional and instrumental support. Relationships that do exist are often described as conflicted, hostile, or stressful.
Activation of Programmed Cell Death by Calcium: Protection against Cell Death by the Calcium Binding Protein, Calbindin-D28k

Calcium has been known to be a potent second messenger for a wide range of cellular processes from fertilization to cell death. It has been implicated in the regulation of protein kinases, phosphatases, protease activity, chromatin structure and transcription as well as in the regulation of muscle contraction, nerve transmission, cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression and differentiation (Berridge, 1997; Berridge et al., 1998). Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated such that any exogenous or internally generated calcium load is rapidly controlled to maintain calcium balance. Calcium ions signal from outside to inside by raising the intracellular cytosolic calcium concentration. An increase in cytosolic calcium can also occur inside the cell by release from stores. The mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum cross talk with each other to modulate the cytosolic calcium concentration. Thus an interplay among membrane components, intracellular organelles, calcium pumps and ion channels exists. Although calcium signaling is complex and incorporates multiple factors, it has been suggested that the ability of the calcium ion to interact with a family of calcium binding proteins (Kd = 10−8–10−10 M), known as EF-hand proteins, can play an important role in the transduction of the calcium signal into a biological response (Christakos et al., 1989, 1997; Heizmann and Braun, 1992; Heizmann and Hunziker, 1991; Schafer and Heizmann, 1996; Zimmer et al., 1995). This family of calcium binding proteins consists of over 200 members and is characterized by the EF-hand structural motif.
The Development of Gene Therapy: From Monogenic Recessive Disorders to Complex Diseases Such as Cancer

During the last 4 decades, gene therapy has moved from preclinical to clinical studies for many diseases ranging from monogenic recessive disorders such as hemophilia to more complex diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, more than 1,340 gene therapy clinical trials have been completed, are ongoing, or have been approved in 28 countries, using more than 100 genes. Most of those clinical trials (66.5%) were aimed at the treatment of cancer. Early hype, failures, and tragic events have now largely been replaced by the necessary stepwise progress needed to realize clinical benefits. We now understand better the strengths and weaknesses of various gene transfer vectors; this facilitates the choice of appropriate vectors for individual diseases. Continuous advances in our understanding of tumor biology have allowed the development of elegant, more efficient, and less toxic treatment strategies. In this introductory chapter, we review the history of gene therapy since the early 1960s and present in detail two major recurring themes in gene therapy: (1) the development of vector and delivery systems and (2) the design of strategies to fight or cure particular diseases. The field of cancer gene therapy experienced an "awkward adolescence." Although this field has certainly not yet reached maturity, it still holds the potential of alleviating the suffering of many individuals with cancer.
Agent-based modeling and strategic group formation: a refugee case study

Refugee flight presents a logistics problem for humanitarian aid workers anticipating ebbs and flows of arrivals. These migrations include travel over long distances with little advanced coordination and damaged social networks. The model presented here is based on these two fundamental premises: long distance and strategic en-route coordination. Assuming that over large distances, refugees attempt to construct groups that provide assistance or security as they navigate toward safety, the agent-based model incorporates cooperative game theory to investigate the impact of group formations on egress times. The modeled refugees make decisions based on individual utility functions informed by two factors, speed of the group and group size. Since groups accommodate slower members, they may reform as refugees choose their best available strategies to reach safety. The results indicate a tipping point in average group size as the slowest group members have more of impact in the utility function of the agents.
Assessment of endogenous 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentrations by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in various animal species

Background Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the preferential method for the analysis of vitamin D in the clinic, yet no single platform is utilized for preclinical species in drug development studies. For vitamin D, the MS platform can provide certain benefits such as applicability of a single assay for multiple species, low cost, and high specificity. Objectives A quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and D2 (25OHD2) was validated for rat, dog, mouse, and monkey, and suitability for drug development studies was assessed. Methods Standards were used to determine intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision for LC-MS/MS. Extraction recovery and carryover due to instrumentation were determined. Repeat analyses of pooled serum samples from rat, dog, mouse, and monkey were assessed for precision, and other serum samples were used to determine the normal range in each species and detect biologically relevant changes. Results For both 25OHD3 and 25OHD2, inaccuracy was ≤ 6%, and imprecision was ≤ 13%. Extraction recovery was 75% for 25OHD3 and 72% for 25OHD2, and carryover was ≤ 0.1%. Measurable concentrations of 25OHD3 were recorded in serum samples from all species tested, but no 25OHD2 as diets were only fortified with 25OHD3. This dataset provides preliminary information for the determination of RIs for 25OHD3 in rat, dog, mouse, and monkey with the LC-MS/MS platform. Conclusions The LC-MS/MS assay was accurate and precise for determination of endogenous concentrations of 25OHD3 in serum samples from drug development studies in rat, dog, mouse, and monkey.
Epitaxially encapsulated resonant accelerometer with an on-chip micro-oven

This paper reports, for the first time, on-chip ovenization of an epitaxially encapsulated resonant accelerometer to improve the stability of scale factor and bias. A double-ended tuning fork (DETF) resonator that shares the anchor with the sensing resonators is used to measure the device temperature. The measured temperature is maintained at a fixed set point using an on-chip silicon heater defined in the encapsulation layer. Preliminary results show significant improvement beyond the device's intrinsic passive temperature compensation. Over the temperature range from −20°C to 80°C, the 0g bias error is reduced by a factor of three, and the scale factor stability is improved by over an order of magnitude.
Active knit compression stockings for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension

Active knit compression stockings are compression garments with integrated smart materials (i.e. shape memory alloy wires) that apply dynamic and controllable pressures to the body to provide therapeutic compression treatment for those suffering from orthostatic hypotension (OH). Current static compression garments (e.g. elastic knit garments) exert unpredictable pressures on the body and are difficult to don/doff, especially for elderly populations most effected by OH. Alternatively, dynamic compression garments currently on the consumer market (e.g. pneumatic compression wraps) are bulky, inhibit wearer mobility, and are usually tethered to an inflation source. Active knit compression stockings offer an alternative technology for compression therapy that leverage the architecture of traditional, weft knit fabric structures to create large, amplified contractions across the textile surface. The result is a new compression garment alternative that is simultaneously dynamic, mobile, and untethered.
Rethinking the Boundaries: Competitive Threat and the Asymmetric Salience of Race/Ethnicity in Attitudes toward Immigrants:

Research on attitudes toward immigrants has come to divergent conclusions regarding the role of race and ethnicity in shaping these attitudes. Using survey data from 18 European countries, the auth...
Four-Dimensionally Multiplexed Eight-State Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Over Turbulent Channels

We experimentally demonstrate an eight-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) over atmospheric turbulence channels. The high secret key rate (SKR) is enabled by 4-D multiplexing of 96 channels, i.e., six-channel wavelength-division multiplexing, four-channel orbital angular momentum multiplexing, two-channel polarization multiplexing, and two-channel spatial-position multiplexing. The atmospheric turbulence channel is emulated by a spatial light modulator on which a series of azimuthal phase patterns yielding Andrews’ spectrum are recorded. A commercial coherent receiver is implemented at Bob's side, followed by a phase noise cancellation stage, where channel transmittance can be monitored accurately and phase noise can be effectively eliminated. Compared to four-state CV-QKD, eight-state CV-QKD protocol potentially provides a better performance by offering higher SKR, better excess noise tolerance, and longer secure transmission distance. In our proposed CV-QKD system, the minimum transmittances of 0.24 and 0.26 are required for OAM states of 2 (or –2) and 6 (or –6), respectively, to guarantee the secure transmission. A maximum SKR of 3.744 Gb/s is experimentally achievable, while a total SKR of 960 Mb/s can be obtained in case of mean channel transmittances.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in systemic transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR).

Objective: To identify the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in patients with transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis.Patients and methods: We performed a retrospecti...