cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stalking Crimes and Victim Protection : Prevention, Intervention, Threat Assessment, and Case Management

Stalkers and Other Obsessional Types: A Review and Forensic Psychological Typology of Those Who Stalk, Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., LL.D. and Marcella A Chipman, J.D. Criminal Stalkers: An Analysis of the Various Typologies, Ronald M. Holmes, Ed.D. Obsessive Behavior and Relational Violence in the Juvenile Population: Stalking Case Analysis and Legal Implications, Denise M. Emer, Ph.D. Erotomania, Stalking and Stalkers: A Personal Experience with a Professional Perspective, Doreen Orion, M.D. Stalking, Stalkers and Domestic Violence: Relentless Fear and Obsessive Intimacy, Steven F. Albrecht, DBA, CPP, PHR The Paradoxes of Pursuit: Towards a Relational Model of Stalking and Related Phenomenon, Brian H. Spitzberg, Ph.D., and William R. Cupach, Ph.D. Violence in the Workplace Setting, Stalking and Stalkers, Suzanne Hoffman, Ph.D. and S. Anthony Baron, Ph.D., Psy.D. Electronic Crime, Stalkers and Stalking: Relentless Pursuit, Harassment and Terror On-Line in Cyberspace, Bonnie D. Lucks, M.A. Being Pursued and Pursuing During the College Years: Their Extent, Nature, and Impact of Stalking, Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D. The Dynamics of Campus Stalkers and Stalking: Security and Risk Management Perspectives, Sgt. Robert L. Jones and Glenn S. Lipson, Ph.D. Future Prediction of Dangerousness and Violent Behavior: Psychological Indicators and Considerations for Conducting an Assessment of Potential Threat, Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., LL.D., Lisa Stewart, M.A., and Robin Siota, Psy.D. Minimizing Potential Threats and Risks to Stalking Victims: Case Management, Security Issues and Safety Planning, Bruce L. Danto, M.D. Case Management Regarding Stalkers and Their Victims: A Practical Approach from a Private Industry Perspective, Jo Ann Ugolini, M.B.A. and Kim Kelly Stalking Trauma Syndrome and the Traumatized Victim, Melissa J. Collins and Mary Beth Wilkas, M.A. Developing a Model Approach to Confronting the Problem of Stalking: Establishing a Threat Management Unit, Det. Greg Boles Stalking the Stalker: Law Enforcement Investigation and Intervention Wayne Maxey Obsession, Fantasy and the Falsely Alleged Stalking Victim, Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., LL.D. Stalking Investigation, Law, Public Policy and Criminal Prosecution as Problem Solver, Neal Miller, J.D. Prosecuting Those Who Stalk: A Prosecutor's Legal Perspective and Viewpoint, Kerry Wells, J.D. Workplace Violence and Unwanted Pursuit: From an Employers Perspective, Regina A. Petty, J.D. and Lois M. Kosch, J.D. Staying One Step Ahead of Stalkers and Stalking Crimes: Personnel Development. Training, and Education, Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., LL.D. Educating Those Who Stalk the Stalker: A Training Perspective, Kerry Wells, J.D. and Wayne Maxey
Methyl chloride variability in the Taylor Dome ice core during the Holocene

Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is a naturally occurring, ozone-depleting trace gas and one of the most abundant chlorinated compounds in the atmosphere. CH3Cl was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core in East Antarctica to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11–0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50–30 kyr B.P.). CH3Cl variability throughout the Holocene is strikingly similar to that of atmospheric methane (CH4), with higher levels in the early and late Holocene, and a well-defined minimum during mid-Holocene. The sources and sinks of atmospheric CH3Cl and CH4 are located primarily in the tropics, and variations in their atmospheric levels likely reflect changes in tropical conditions. CH3Cl also appears to correlate with atmospheric CH4 during the last glacial period (50–30 kyr B.P.), although the temporal resolution of sampling is limited. The Taylor Dome data provide information about the range of natural variability of atmospheric CH3Cl and place a new constraint on the causes of past CH4variability.
Basal-cell carcinoma of the vulva

Abstract 1. 1. Two cases of basal-cell carcinoma of the vulva are presented. 2. 2. The incidence of basal-cell carcinoma of the vulva cannot be accurately stated because of its infrequent appearance. 3. 3. Wide local excision seems the most logical surgical approach to this lesion.
p53 protein accumulation detected by five different antibodies: relationship to prognosis and heat shock protein 70 in breast cancer.

Abstract Nuclear accumulation of p53 protein is associated with a poorer clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is a chaperone that binds to mutant p53 and consequently could regulate its accumulation or localization. The aims of this study were to determine if the prognostic significance of p53 accumulation was dependent on the type of antibody used for detection and whether hsp70 was associated with this accumulation. Node-negative breast tumors (n = 169) were examined by immunohistochemistry for nuclear p53, cytoplasmic or nuclear hsp70, and for p53 gene alteration by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Frozen sections of pulverized breast tumors were stained with five p53 antibodies (240, 1801, 421, BP53-12, and CM1), a cocktail of both 240 and 1801, and the hsp70 antibody C92. Protein level was expressed as the sum of a proportion and intensity score (total 0, 2–8) with ≥ 2 defined as positive staining. The cocktail 240/1801 gave the highest rate of positive staining (45%), followed by BP53-12 (35%), 1801 (27%), 240 (25%), CMI (24%), and 421 (18%), with a high correlation between antibodies. Positive staining with each individual antibody or the cocktail was significantly associated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity, age
Computers In Radiation Oncology: The Third Decade

Computers have been used for the past 25 years in radiation oncology for such diverse activities as treatment planning, treatment machine verification, image processing, and tumor registry analysis. This paper reviews each of these areas, with examples of working syetems, and outlines a computer hardware configuration most suitable for their implementation,
Finite Difference Methods for Early Exercise Options

Usually, options with early exercise possibility like American and Bermudan options have to be priced numerically. In this article, approaches based on partial differential operators and their finite difference discretization are considered. The early exercise possibility leads to an inequality constraint for the price of the option. Linear complementarity problem (LCP) and other formulations incorporating this constraint are discussed. Fairly standard finite difference discretizations can be used for the underlying partial differential operator. Several solution and approximation methods including the projected successive over relaxation (PSOR) method and penalty methods are described. As an example, an American put option is priced using different methods under the Black–Scholes model. Keywords: finite difference; early exercise; American option; linear complementarity problem; penalty method
Simulating Instructional Roles through Pedagogical Agents

This paper describes the design and empirical validation of three distinct pedagogical agent roles (Expert, Motivator, and Mentor) for college students within the MIMIC (Multiple Intelligent Mentors Instructing Collaboratively) agent-based research environment. The pedagogical agent roles were operationalized by image, animation, affect, voice and script, and were developed in Poser 4 and implemented via Microsoft Agent. Two controlled experiments validated the instantiation of the three roles according to learner perception (N=78) and actual impact on motivation and learning (N=71). The results confirmed that the agent roles were not only perceived by the students to reflect their intended purposes but also led to significant changes in learning and motivation, as designed. Specifically, the Expert agent led to increased information acquisition, the Motivator led to increased self-efficacy, and the Mentor led to overall improved learning and motivation. The implications for intelligent tutoring and multi-agent system design and development is discussed.
Fractional differential equations with a Krasnoselskii–Krein type condition

Abstract We consider an initial value problem for a fractional differential equation of Caputo type. The convergence of the Picard successive approximations is established by first showing that the Caputo derivatives of these approximations converge. The method utilized, originally introduced in [O. Kooi, The method of successive approximations and a uniqueness theorem of Krasnoselskii–Krein in the theory of differential equations, Nederi. Akad. Wetensch, Proc. Ser. A61; Indag. Math. 20 (1958) 322–327], is interesting in itself.
Excess Time, a Measure of System Repairability

The performance of systems subject to failure and repair cycles can be described by a variety of stochastic processes. Downtime is a measure of system worth which is commonly found in the reliability literature. Another measure, excess time, has been proposed in a recent paper. Both downtime and excess time are measures of the accumulated time during which the system has been inoperative. The parameter t of excess time counts only productive units of time. Thus B(t) is the excess of unproductive time over productive time. The properties and applications of excess time are reviewed and summarized.
"Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Surveys at Preoperational Nuclear Power Plants Using an In-Situ Ge(Li) Spectrometer"

As a prelude to in-situ measurements of gamma exposure rates from reactor plumes, baseline terrestrial gamma-ray surveys have been run at five preoperational nuclear power stations: Fort St. Vrain, Colorado; Fort Calhoun, Nebraska; Cooper Nuclear Station, Nebraska; Rancho Seco, California, and Diablo Canyon, California. A pressurized ion chamber was used to measure the total exposure from cosmic rays and terrestrial radionuclides. A portable Ge(Li) spectrometer was used to make in-situ measurements of the radionuclide soil concentrations and of the individual external gamma exposure rates at the TLD sites. Subsequent measurements after start-up will enable accurate determinations of deposition and buildup of reactor produced fission products to be made. The application of the in-situ Ge(Li) spectrometer for real-time plume dose measurements is being investigated.
Seasonal effects on female reproductive functions in the bovine (Indian breeds)

Abstract Reproductive function is mediated by season in the Indian breeds of cattle (Bosindicus). The reproductive endocrinology of Bosindicus cattle differs from that of Bostaurus breeds; the estrus is shorter and less intense and occurs late in relation to an estrogen stimulus. Moreover, the Bosindicus female has a smaller preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), which occurs earlier relative to the onset of estrus, and she ovulates sooner after the onset of estrus. The corpus luteum is smaller and contains less progesterone, and the serum progesterone concentration is lower in Bosindicus females. Furthermore, they have fewer preovulatory LH surges than Bostaurus females and their luteal cells are less responsive to LH in vitro during the winter. Their fertility is lower during the late fall and winter months. For Bosindicus cattle, recovery of transferable embryos and survival of embryos in the recipient are at their maximum from July through October.
ORIGIN OF THE NAMES ARITHMETICAL AND GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION AND PROPORTION

“You shall also understande, that there are infinite kindes of Progressions, but for you (as yet) two are sufficient to be exercised in, of whiche the one I call Arithmeticall, and the other Geometricall.” Robert Recorde, about 1543.
Final-state angular momentum distributions in charge transfer collisions at high energies

Abstract We investigate the influence of different terms of the Born series on the final-state angular momentum ( l ) distribution and the anisotropy of the captured electron. A variety of different l distributions depending on the projectile velocity v and the charge asymmetry Z p Z T of the collision system can be found, revealing different underlying mechanisms for charge transfer. We compare the predictions of perturbation theories such as the first and second Born approximation, the continuum distorted wave (CDW) approximation and the post-collision interaction (PCI) model valid at high velocities with those of the “quasi-resonant over barrier” model of charge transfer valid at intermediate velocities.
The measurement of effective substrate diffusities within whole cell suspensions using a diffusion‐limited hollow fibre reactor

An immobilised whole cell membrane reactor system is described which permits estimation of effective substrate diffusivities within whole cell suspensions. The reactor unit uses a membrane to separate the cell slurry from the nutrient solution (e.g. an artificial kidney hollow fibre dialyser). Whole cells are pumped into the shell side of the unit and clamped off. Substrate solution makes one pass through the dialyser tube side at a flow rate such that its conversion over the complete reactor does not exceed 10%. Under such conditions the reactor operates differentially; previously published mathematical expressions being used in evaluating the effective substrate diffusivity, once η (the effectiveness factor) is determined. The value of η can be estimated readily from the true reaction rate (in the absence of diffusional limitations) and the experimentally observed reaction rate. A hypothetical example is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
Born blind and visually handicapped infants: Movement psychotherapy and assessment

The magic years are the years of early childhood. By “magic” I do not mean that the child lives in an enchanted world . . . It is only in the minds of adults that childhood is a paradise, a time of innocence and serene joy. The memory of a Golden Age is a delusion for, ironically . . . we carry [only] a few dusty memories, handful of blurred and distorted pictures which often cannot even tell us why they should be remembered. Selma Fraiberg (1959)
Microencapsulation of Superoxide Dismutase into Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Microparticles by Reverse Micelle Solvent Evaporation

The aim of this work was to encapsulate superoxide dismutase (SOD) in poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles by reverse micelle solvent evaporation. The concentration of PCL, the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), and concentration of the sucrose ester used as surfactant in the organic phase were investigated as formulation variables. Relatively higher encapsulation efficiency (∼48%) and retained enzymatic activity (>90%) were obtained with microparticle formulation made from the 20% (w/v) PCL and 0.05% (w/v) sucrose ester of HLB = 6. This formulation allowed the in vitro release of SOD for at least 72 hr. These results showed that reverse micelle solvent evaporation can be used to efficiently encapsulate SOD in PCL microparticles. Such formulations may improve the bioavailability of SOD.
Role of PSD95 in membrane association and catalytic activity of nNOSα in nitrergic varicosities in mice gut

We have recently shown that membrane association of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-α (nNOSα) is critical in the regulation of synthesis of NO during nitrergic neurotransmission. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the synapse-associated proteins (SAPs) in membrane association of nNOSα. Varicosities (swellings on terminal axons) were isolated from mice gastrointestinal tract and examined for nNOSα, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and membrane interactions by coimmunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE. Our results show that PSD95 protein was present in the membrane fraction of the nerve varicosity, whereas both PSD95 and SAP97 were present in the cytosol. nNOSα was associated with PSD95 but not SAP97. nNOSα-PSD95 complex was bound to the membrane via palmitoylation of PSD95. Depalmitoylation of PSD95 with 2-bromopalmitate dislocates nNOSα and PSD95 from the varicosity membrane and abolishes NO production. These studies show that palmitoylation of PSD95 anchors nNOSα to the varicosity membrane and that it is obligatory for NO production by the enzyme. Palmitoylation of PSD95 may provide a novel target for regulation of nitrergic neurotransmission.
“I Just Start Crying for No Reason”: The Experience of Stress and Depression in Pregnant, Urban, African-American Adolescents and Their Perception of Yoga as a Management Strategy

Abstract Purpose Perinatal health disparities are of particular concern with pregnant, urban, African-American (AA) adolescents, who have high rates of stress and depression during pregnancy, higher rates of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and many barriers to effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore pregnant, urban, AA teenagers' experience of stress and depression and examine their perceptions of adjunctive nonpharmacologic management strategies, such as yoga. Methods This community-based, qualitative study used nontherapeutic focus groups to allow for exploration of attitudes, concerns, beliefs, and values regarding stress and depression in pregnancy and nonpharmacologic management approaches, such as mind–body therapies and other prenatal activities. Findings The sample consisted of pregnant, AA, low-income adolescents (n = 17) who resided in a large urban area in the United States. The themes that arose in the focus group discussions were that 1) stress and depression symptoms are pervasive in daily life, 2) participants felt a generalized sense of isolation, 3) stress/depression management techniques should be group based, interactive, and focused on the specific needs of teenagers, and 4) yoga is an appealing stress management technique to this population. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that pregnant, urban, adolescents are highly stressed; they interpret depression-like symptoms to be signs of stress; they desire group-based, interactive activities; and they are interested in yoga classes for stress/depression management and relationship building. It is imperative that health care providers and researchers focus on these needs, particularly when designing prevention and intervention strategies.
The role of damage-softened material behavior in the fracture of composites and adhesives

Failure mechanisms of materials under very high strain experienced at and ahead of the crack tip such as the formation, growth and interaction of microvoids in ductile materials, microcracks in brittle solids or crazes in polymers and adhesives are represented by one-dimensional, nonlinear stress-strain relations possessing different post-yield softening (strain-softening) behavior. These reflect different ways by which the material loses capacity to carry load up to fracture or total separation. A DCB type specimen is considered in this study. * The nonlinear material is confined to a thin strip between the two elastic beams loaded by a wedge. The problem is first modelled as a beam on a nonlinear foundation. The pertinent equation is solved numerically as a two-point boundary value problem for both the stationary and the quasi-statically propagating crack. A finite element model is then used to model the problem in more detail to assess the adequacy of the beam model for the use of experimental data to determine in-situ properties of the thin interlayer.
Acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose in green liquor pre-pulping extract of mixed northern hardwoods.

Forest biomass is a promising resource for future biofuels and bioproducts. Pre-pulping extraction of hemicellulose by alkaline (Green Liquor) pretreatment produces a neutral-pH extract containing hemicellulose-derived oligomers. A near-term option for use of this extract is to hydrolyze the oligomers to fermentable monomer sugars. Chips of mixed northern hardwoods were cooked in a rocking digester at 160 °C for 110 min in Green Liquor at a concentration of 3% Na2O equivalent salts on dry wood. The mass of wood extracted into the Green Liquor extract was approximately 11.4% of the debarked wood mass, which resulted in a dilute solution of oligomeric hemicelluloses sugars. The concentration of the extract was increased through partial evaporation prior to hydrolysis. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was applied at conditions ranging from 100 to 160 °C, 2% to 6% (w/v) H2SO4, and 2- to 258-min residence time. The maximum fermentable sugar concentration achieved from evaporated extract was 10.7 g/L, representing 90.7% of the maximum possible yield. Application of the biomass pretreatment severity function to the hydrolysis results proved to offer a relatively poor prediction of temperature and reaction time interaction. The combined severity function, which incorporates reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration, did prove to provide a useful means of trading off the combined effects of these three variables on total sugar yields.
Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair after liver transplantation

Incisional hernias occur in up to 17% of patients after liver transplantation. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is associated with fewer wound complications and a decreased incidence of recurrence when compared to open hernia repair in nontransplant patients. This is a retrospective review of 13 patients who underwent laparoscopic incisional hernia repair (LAP group) after liver transplantation compared to 14 patients who had open repairs (OP group; all but one with mesh). Primary immunosuppression in both groups at the time of transplantation was tacrolimus, but more patients in the LAP group were on sirolimus at the time of hernia, while more patients in the OP group were on prednisone at the time of hernia repair. All operations were completed with a laparoscopic approach; there were no conversions to open. Length of stay differed significantly between the 2 groups, with a mean of 5.4 days for the LAP group compared to 2.7 days in the OP group (0.0059). Complications occurred in 2 (15%) of the patients in the LAP group and 5 (36%) in the OP group. One patient in the LAP group required mesh removal to exclude causes of recurrent ascites, and 1 in the OP group for mesh infection. One (7.6%) of the patients in the LAP group developed a recurrence, compared to 29% (4) of the OP group (P =0.3259). In conclusion, laparoscopic incisional hernia repair is safe in patients after liver transplantation, with a low risk of infection or recurrence.
Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: A psychobiological perspective

Myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome is a muscle-contraction headache-like pain of the face. In the past this has also been called temporomandibular joint syndrome. This syndrome is thought to be, in part, a stress-related pain. This paper discusses and evaluates the following topics: (1) patient characteristics, (2) etiological hypotheses, (3) experimental models of the syndrome, (4) psychological characteristics of the patients, (5) psychophysiological characteristics of the patients, and (6) relaxation therapies. Future research is also discussed.
Mechanism of Mild to Severe Wear Transition in Alpha-Alumina

Friction and wear experiments were conducted on high purity alpha-alumina sliding against a similar material in air under different contact loads and at temperatures ranging from 23 o C to 900 o C. Experimental results indicate that tribochemical reactions between water vapor and alpha-alumina at room temperature produce alu minum hydroxide which results in relatively low coefficients of friction and low wear rates. Both the coefficient of friction and the wear rate of alumina were low at intermediate temperatures (200 o C to 800 o C), if the contact stress was below a threshold value
Modifying the Classical One-Dimensional Catalyst Model to Include Axial Conduction and Diffusion

Lean NOx trap (LNT) catalytic aftertreatment devices are one potential option for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust of compression ignition engines. They work through a controlled modulation between a storage phase that captures NOx over an alkali earth metal and a regeneration phase that reduces the stored nitrates on the surface using a rich pulse of injected fuel or via stoichiometric engine operation. This rich phase has an associated fuel penalty while being relatively difficult to control through temperature and chemical species. In order to improve system efficiency, a number of researchers have proposed dual leg LNT systems using two LNTs, one of which is always storing while the other is undergoing regeneration. The majority of the exhaust flows through the storage LNT while only a small fraction (low space velocity) advects across the regeneration LNT. This increases the regeneration residence time, improving effectiveness and decreasing the amount of fuel used. From an LNT simulation standpoint, most researchers utilize the classical one-dimensional (1D) aftertreatment model constructed from the Euler equations of motion that neglect axial conduction and diffusion. This paper explores the applicability of this model under low flow situations prevalent in a dual leg LNT system through a carbon monoxide light-off experiment. The authors chose this type of experiment in order to focus purely on fluid mechanics and not the choice of LNT reaction mechanism. The results suggest that a Navier–Stokes (N–S) version of the 1D aftertreatment model is preferred for the regeneration leg of a dual LNT system. Moreover, the authors provide the solution of such a model within this paper.
Improvement of aluminum interconnect overlay measurement capability through metrology and hardmask process development

Overlay measurement of metal interconnect layers that exhibit contrast variation has historically been problematic. The appearance of random grain structure surrounding the overlay target obscures the edge contrast, leading to significant noise in measurement and residual error of fit. Large residuals reduce confidence in modeled scanner correctable terms, increasing the likelihood of false scanner corrections which can lead to poor process control. We have developed a new measurement methodology that minimizes the effect of grain-induced noise for overlay metrology. Measurements which utilize the new parameters have shown a 30% reduction in mean-square (MS) residual error and a 39% reduction in variance. In addition, predicted wafer maximum overlay error has decreased by 14%, with a 16% improvement in wafer-to-wafer variance. This type of performance improvement is expected to have a significant impact on rework reduction. The primary source of visible grain structure in the aluminum interconnect layer has been attributed to the metal hardmask deposition process. By moving to a lower temperature hardmask deposition, the grain has been significantly reduced. This has resulted in a 15% further reduction of MS residual error.
Interferences in Sputter-Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

A sputtering cell has been studied as a means for atomizing samples by a method other than a thermal mechanism. The effects of various matrices on the absorption signals for Cu, Sr, and Li were noted, and the results are compared to the same systems when atomized in a graphite furnace. Mechanisms for the observed interferences are discussed.
Models of sustainable development and forest resource management in Costa Rica

Abstract The Osa Peninsula and its Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, which contain the largest remaining forest on Costa Rica's Pacific coast, currently experience great pressures from smallholders clearing for agriculture and gold mining. The paper compares the sustainability of Costa Rica's current model of extensive government intervention on the Osa, combined with natural forest management, to a proposed relatively free-market approach also promoting the same package of technological change and industrial promotion. Concluding that the current approach fails to promote sustainable development, the authors propose an alternative free-market-oriented approach that, while not without its own risk, represents a much more feasible and, therefore, potentially more successful approach to the country's deforestation problems. The authors point out that it might not be possible to provide a sustainable income on the Osa for all the residents of the peninsula and to maintain secondary forest cover at the same time. Policymakers must be clear about what they want to sustain, who receives the benefits, and who bears the costs of their sustainable development efforts.
Hydrogen in metals: A coupled theory for species diffusion and large elastic–plastic deformations

Abstract We have formulated a thermo-mechanically coupled-theory which accounts for diffusion of hydrogen and large elastic–plastic deformations of metals. Our theory accounts for the trapping of hydrogen — and places this notion, and the notion of an equilibrium between hydrogen residing in normal interstitial lattice sites and hydrogen trapped at microstructural defects — within a thermodynamically-consistent framework. We have numerically implemented the theory in a finite element program, and the numerical implementation is verified by comparing simulation results from an analysis of hydrogen transport near a plastically-blunting crack-tip, against similar previously published results in the literature. The numerically-implemented theory should be of utility in the analysis of hydrogen diffusion in elastic–plastically-deforming solids, an analysis which is an essential prerequisite for theoretical and numerical efforts aimed at modeling the integrity of structural components used for hydrogen gas storage and distribution.
In Pursuit of Sisterhood: Adult as a Resource for Combined Individual and Family Therapy

Therapists traditionally view brothers and sisters as rivalrous and self-seeking. Under carefully arranged conditions, however, siblings can learn to cooperate with each other to resolve important conflicts in family relationships. This case documents a dramatic change in the relationship between a 29-year-old woman and her father, the outcome of a three-step therapeutic intervention in which sibling dynamics were selectively used by the psychotherapist. As part of her individual therapy, the therapist first aroused the woman's discontent with her status as the neglected “baby of the family.” Next, a series of meetings were held with the woman and her three sisters that permitted resolution of their previous anger and misunderstandings, thus helping them to become a more cohesive group of sisters. The third step brought the sisters, now as allies both of the identified patient and of the therapist, into a constructive confrontation with the parents. This resulted in lasting personal change for the identified patient and improved relationships throughout the entire family.
A monitoring system for obtaining high-quality one-second spaced PV maximum power and solar radiation measurements

A major concern with future high penetration PV levels is the impact on electric utility power distribution systems due to abrupt changes in power generation caused by cloud shadows and the resulting voltage flicker. The time period of interest in this phenomenon is seconds. This paper describes the process used to obtain GPS time-stamped 1-second spaced maximum panel power output and solar radiation estimates from a data logger controlled system. The key is to operate the system quickly during each repetitive 5-second period, taking a string of measurements and sweeping the test panels current-voltage curve, and then using cubic splines to compute high-quality estimates at integer 1-second spaced intervals.
Improving Safety Through Incident Reporting

Incident report systems capture structured data and the nuanced details of clinical care in a narrative format. Incident reports are used to identify and aggregate cases in which a serious adverse event (or near miss) occurs. Reporting systems can function within a department of anesthesiology, within a healthcare facility, or on a regional or national level. Technology has made it easier to capture incidents through the use of intuitive online reporting tools. Incidents are used to generate teaching cases for educational presentations and simulation that emphasize elements of safe and effective anesthesia care. Trends seen in incident reports can identify emerging risks to patient safety, a common occurrence with rapidly advancing surgical equipment and procedures. Aggregation of incident reports into regional and national systems will identify rare risks of anesthesia care that can be prevented through redesign of monitors and devices, changes in thinking, and heightened provider awareness.
Variable-property, constant-property, and entrance-region heat transfer results for turbulent flow of water and oil in a circular tube

Abstract Measurements have been made of the fully developed and entrance-region heat transfer characteristics of a hydrodynamically-developed flow of oil and water in an electrically-heated tube. The Prandtl number range was 3–75. The effect of variable fluid properties was isolated by varying the local wall-to-bulk temperature difference at fixed values of the local Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. It was found that both the Sieder—Tate and the Colburn corrections overestimated the effect of variable fluid properties. Constant-property heat transfer results were deduced by extrapolating the measured heat transfer coefficients to the condition of zero wall-to-bulk temperature difference. Except at low Reynolds numbers for the oil tests (Pr = 48 and 75), the constant-property results were underestimated by the Dittus-Boelter equation Nu = 0·023 Re 0·8 Pr 0·4 . Local heat transfer coefficients were measured in the thermal entrance region. The thermal entrance length, defined in terms of a 5 per cent approach to fully developed conditions, ranged from 1·25 to 3·75 diameters depending upon the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Analytical results, computed as an extension of an earlier investigation by S parrow et al. are presented for a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.
High-resolution Fabry–Pérot interferometric emission measurements of the 535.046 nm thallium line in a see-through hollow cathode discharge

A thallium see-through hollow cathode lamp, or galvatron, is investigated for applications as a narrow band atomic line filter. In order to determine the resolving power of this atom reservoir, high resolution emission profile measurements of the 535.046 nm line were obtained by a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer coupled to a spectrometer. The resulting spectra are modeled by a two-layer model which takes into account line broadening due to self-absorption and allows the calculation of the Doppler temperature and optical depths of the two layers. The results obtained for the galvatron are compared to a traditional thallium hollow cathode lamp and a thallium electrodeless discharge lamp. The galvatron was found to produce Doppler temperatures from 495 K to 630 K from currents of 10.0 mA to 30.0 mA, respectively, which were lower than the values found from the traditional hollow cathode lamp at similar currents. These results make this atomic reservoir attractive for applications as an atomic line filter.
Formation and Calculations of the Simple Terminal Triplet Pnictinidene Molecules N÷MF3, P÷MF3, and As÷MF3 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)

Laser-ablated Ti, Zr, and Hf atoms react with NF3, PF3, or AsF3 to produce triplet state terminal pnictinidene N÷MF3, P÷MF3, or As÷MF3 molecules, which are trapped in an argon matrix. Products are identified from infrared spectra and comparison to theoretically predicted vibrations. Density functional theory calculations converge to C3v symmetry structures for these lowest energy products. The two unpaired electrons in nitrogen 2p, phosphorus 3p, or arsenic 4p orbitals are shared in different small amounts with empty metal nd orbitals leading to very weak degenerate πα molecular orbitals based on bonding orbital analysis and spin density calculations. This weak π bonding interaction with early transition metal group 4 nd orbitals is optimum for Zr with phosphorus 3p orbitals.
Cryo-atomic force microscopy of smooth muscle myosin

The motor and regulatory domains of the head and the 14-nm pitch of the alpha-helical coiled-coil of the tail of extended (6S) smooth-muscle myosin molecules were imaged with cryo atomic force microscopy at 80–85 K, and the effects of thiophosphorylation of the regulatory light chain were examined. The tail was 4 nm shorter in thiophosphorylated than in nonphosphorylated myosin. The first major bend was invariant, at approximately 51 nm from the head-tail junction (H-T), coincident with low probability in the paircoil score. The second major bend was 100 nm from the H-T junction in nonphosphorylated and closer to a skip residue than the bend (at 95 nm) in thiophosphorylated molecules. The shorter tail and distance between the two major bends induced by thiophosphorylation are interpreted to result from melting of the coiled-coil. An additional bend not previously reported occurred, with a lower frequency, approximately 24 nm from the H-T. The range of separation between the two heads was greater in thiophosphorylated molecules. Occasional high-resolution images showed slight unwinding of the coiled-coil of the base of the heads. We suggest that phosphorylation of MLC20 can affect the structure of extended, 6S myosin.
Review of prevention, elimination, and detoxification of aflatoxins

Abstract The best approach to contain aflatoxin contamination is prevention. Good farm management practice is essential. This includes use of sound, fungus-free, viable seed, proper fertilization, control of insects and diseases, prevention of lodging, and harvesting practices that avoid damaging the crop and picking up excessive leaves, trash, and dirt. Special attention should be given to diverting aflatoxin-containing lots from food and feed channels as early as possible in the marketing chain. Clean, dry, adequately cooled and ventilated storage and good sanitation are essential to minimize mold contamination. Genetic approaches and use of mold inhibitors may be helpful. When prevention fails, hand or electronic sorting can remove contaminated seeds. Aflatoxin may be removed during processing by alkali refining of crude oils or by extraction of contaminated oilseed meals with polar organic solvents. Some aflatoxin is destroyed or degraded during normal preparation of some foods. Many chemicals, especially oxidizing and reducing agents and acids and bases, have been screened as reagents for destroying aflatoxin in contaminated feeds. Several processes have been patented. In the USA aflatoxin in copra has been destroyed on a commercial scale by hot aqueous calcium hydroxide and in cottonseed meal by treatment with ammonia under pressure.
Reactions to Feedback: The Role of Attributions

This study tested reactions to feedback in an experimental simulation. Feedback specificity and information that could be used to make causal inferences were manipulated through varying information...
Subcellular distribution of Na+/H+ antiport activity in rat renal cortex

Subcellular distribution of Na + /H + antiport activity in rat renal cortex. Phase partitioning analyses of a brush border membrane preparation obtained with a divalent cation precipitation procedure ( Am J Physiol 246:F853–F858, 1984) confirmed that Na + /H + antiport activity was localized primarily to the brush border membrane of the rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cell. This analysis also indicated that antiport activity was associated with membrane populations that appeared to be derived from cytoplasmic structures. However, since the starting point of the analysis was a partially-purified brush border sample rather than a total membrane sample, it was not possible to discern the magnitude of the potential cytoplasmic pool of antiport activity. We have now used a three dimensional analytical fractionation procedure, based on differential centrifugation, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, and partitioning in an aqueous polymer 2-phase system, to survey the subcellular distribution of Na/H antiport activity in rat kidney cortex. Roughly 53% of the recovered antiport activity could be assigned to a population of brush border membrane vesicles characterized by a 15-fold enrichment of maltase. An additional 26% of the recovered activity could be assigned to a group of three membrane populations whose biochemical characteristics appeared equally consistent with origins in distinct microdomains of the brush border membrane and with origins in microdomains of the Golgi complex involved in the assembly or recycling of brush border membrane constituents. Therefore, depending on the identities of membranes which contained the secondary pool of Na + /H + antiport activity, no more than one-third of the total recoverable Na + /H + antiport activity could be assigned to cytoplasmic membranes of the proximal tubular epithelium.
Differentiating the Bishop ash bed and related tephra layers by elemental-based similarity coefficients of volcanic glass shards using solution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (S-ICP-MS)

Volcanic glass samples from the same volcanic center (intra-source) often have a similar major-element composition. Thus, it can be difficult to distinguish between individual tephra layers, particularly when using similarity coefficients calculated from electron microprobe major-element measurements. Minor/trace element concentrations in glass can be determined by solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (S-ICP-MS), but have not been shown as suitable for use in large tephrochronologic databases. Here, we present minor/trace-element concentrations measured by S-ICP-MS and compare these data by similarity coefficients, the method commonly used in large databases. Trial samples from the Bishop Tuff, the upper and lower tuffs of Glass Mountain and the tuffs of Mesquite Spring suites from eastern California, USA, which have an indistinguishable major-element composition, were analyzed using S-ICP-MS. The resulting minor/trace element similarity coefficients clearly separated the suites of tephra layers and, in most cases, individual tephra layers within each suite. Comparisons with previous instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) elemental measurements were marginally successful. This is important step toward quantitative correlation in large tephrochronologic databases to achieve definitive identification of volcanic glass samples and for high-resolution age determinations.
Linear mixed-effects modeling approach to FMRI group analysis

Conventional group analysis is usually performed with Student-type t-test, regression, or standard AN(C)OVA in which the variance–covariance matrix is presumed to have a simple structure. Some correction approaches are adopted when assumptions about the covariance structure is violated. However, as experiments are designed with different degrees of sophistication, these traditional methods can become cumbersome, or even be unable to handle the situation at hand. For example, most current FMRI software packages have difficulty analyzing the following scenarios at group level: (1) taking within-subject variability into account when there are effect estimates from multiple runs or sessions; (2) continuous explanatory variables (covariates) modeling in the presence of a within-subject (repeated measures) factor, multiple subject-grouping (between-subjects) factors, or the mixture of both; (3) subject-specific adjustments in covariate modeling; (4) group analysis with estimation of hemodynamic response (HDR) function by multiple basis functions; (5) various cases of missing data in longitudinal studies; and (6) group studies involving family members or twins. Here we present a linear mixed-effects modeling (LME) methodology that extends the conventional group analysis approach to analyze many complicated cases, including the six prototypes delineated above, whose analyses would be otherwise either difficult or unfeasible under traditional frameworks such as AN(C)OVA and general linear model (GLM). In addition, the strength of the LME framework lies in its flexibility to model and estimate the variance–covariance structures for both random effects and residuals. The intraclass correlation (ICC) values can be easily obtained with an LME model with crossed random effects, even at the presence of confounding fixed effects. The simulations of one prototypical scenario indicate that the LME modeling keeps a balance between the control for false positives and the sensitivity for activation detection. The importance of hypothesis formulation is also illustrated in the simulations. Comparisons with alternative group analysis approaches and the limitations of LME are discussed in details.
Beachell and Borlaug, Two Giants of the American Society of Agronomy's First Century

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the American Society of Agronomy, it is appropriate that recognition be given to two men: Henry M. Beachell, internationally recognized and most long-lived 73-yr member, until his death in December 2006; and to Norman E. Borlaug, who without doubt, is the most widely acclaimed of the Society's members. Both men had scientific accomplishments that were crucial to the Green Revolutions associated with the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Beachell) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Borlaug). Their professional careers have much in common and their interactions with each other had significant impact on the careers of both. The purposes of this paper are to gain insight into their thinking and to highlight the accomplishments that make them the most well-known agronomists of the Society's first 100 yr.
Intralymphocytic schizonts associated with an initial infection of Saurocytozoon tupinambi in Tupinambis teguixin

Abstract An initial natural infection of Saurocytozoon tupinambi in a juvenile Tupinambis teguixin from Venezuela was studied for 131 days following capture of the host. Intralymphocytic parasites appeared in this sequence: small uninucleate and binucleate stages (days 1–31 and again on day 41); schizonts with 3–102 nuclei (days 8–14 and 29–35); immature gametocytes (days 29–35) and apparently mature gametocytes of Saurocytozoon tupinambi from day 41. Maximum parasitemia of trophozoites and binucleate schizonts occurred on day 4 when 11% of lymphocytes were infected. Maximum parasitemia by larger schizonts occurred on day 8 at 0.13% of lymphocytes, while maximum gametocytemia was found on day 49 with 16.4% of lymphocytes parasitized. Two types of schizonts were observed: intralymphocytic and the same type free of host cells, and fragments of varying size which may have been torn from capillary endothelium. Due to presence of concurrent infection by a small Plasmodium species, identity of intralymphocytic asexual stages with S. tupinambi cannot be established. Presence of asexual and sexual stages in the same type of host cells (lymphocytes and close derivatives), sequential appearance of trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes over a period of 40 days, and correlated fluctuations in lymphocyte density suggest they are conspecific, and that Saurocytozoon , which has a plasmodiid type of sporogony may prove to further differ from leucocytozoids by presence of an asexual cycle in circulating blood cells.
Modelling of fluid–structure interactions with the space–time finite elements: Solution techniques

The space-time fluid-structure interaction (FSI) techniques developed by the Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling (T*AFSM) have been applied to a wide range of 3D computation of FSI problems, some as early as in 1994 and many with challenging complexities. In this paper, we review these space-time FSI techniques and describe the enhancements introduced recently by the T*AFSM to increase the scope, accuracy, robustness and efficiency of these techniques. The aspects of the FSI solution process enhanced include the deforming-spatial-domain/stabilized space-time (DSD/SST) formulation, the fluid-structure interface conditions, the preconditioning techniques used in iterative solution of the linear equation systems, and a contact algorithm protecting the quality of the fluid mechanics mesh between the structural surfaces coming into contact. We present a number of 3D numerical examples computed with these new stabilized space-time FSI (SSTFSI) techniques.