cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of hypertension in the inner city: A student hypertension survey

Abstract Hypertension is on the one hand one of the most menacing diseases, and on the other is one disease which can be simply recognized and treated. A group of ten young students conducted a detection survey in the inner city housing projects of New Orleans. They took the blood pressure of 11,309 people and found an over-all prevalence of 36.4 per cent hypertensive individuals. Prevalence increased with age, obesity, coffee drinking, and the consumption of nerve and/or sleeping medications. Hypertension was more prevalent in blacks than in whites. No increased prevalence was noted among consumers of oral contraceptive drugs or in cigarette smokers. Thirty-three per cent of the 4,112 hypertensive individuals identified were new cases. Thirty-six per cent of known hypertensive individuals were being undertreated.
Diagnosis and management of occupational asthma

occupational asthma Susan R. Sama, MS, ScD , David C. Christiani, MD, MPH, MS *, Donald K. Milton, MD, DrPH a Harvard Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Building 1, Room 1402, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, 55 Fruit Street-Bulfinch 148, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Role of prostaglandin D2 and the autonomic nervous system in niacin-induced flushing (前列腺素D2与自主神经系统在烟酸引起的脸红中的作用)

Background: Although niacin often has beneficial effects on the lipoprotein profile, flushing is an untoward effect associated with its use. Aspirin can only reduce the flushing response by 30–40%. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of niacin-induced flushing, with and without aspirin, in normal, healthy individuals. Methods: Niacin-induced flushing was evaluated in 30 healthy individuals after oral administration of 1000 mg niacin alone or with 325 mg aspirin. Neurological, autonomic nervous system, and skin blood flow measurements (using laser Doppler on the glabrous and hairy skin of each participant) were made at various times after drug administration. In addition, the systemic release of 9α,11β-prostaglandin (PG) F2 was determined. Flushing symptoms of redness, warmth, tingling, itching, and intensity were recorded using the modified Flushing ASsessment Tool (FAST). Results: After aspirin, the mean flushing scores for all symptoms decreased significantly; however, 36–53% of participants still had some degree of symptoms, even though aspirin completely blocked 11β-PGF2 synthesis. Maximum skin blood flow (MaxSkBF) in both the glabrous and hairy forearm increased significantly after niacin, but decreased significantly after aspirin only in hairy skin. Regression analysis showed that, in glabrous skin, both PGF2 and parasympathetic activity were significant predictors of MaxSkBF after niacin, contributing 26% and 14%, respectively (total R2 = 40%). Conclusions: The present study indicates, for the first time, that the parasympathetic nervous system, in addition to PGD2, may play an important role in niacin-induced flushing. Changing the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance in favor of parasympathetic activation may be a good therapeutic target to reduce niacin-induced flushing. 摘要 背景：虽然烟酸对脂蛋白谱通常具有有益的影响，但是使用烟酸后有脸红的副作用。阿斯匹林仅仅能够减少30%–40%的脸红反应。因此，本研究的目的是在正常健康的个体中使用或者不使用阿司匹林后考察烟酸引起脸红的机制。 方法：30名健康的个体单独口服1000 mg的烟酸或者联合使用325 mg的阿司匹林后评估烟酸所引起的脸红。服药后于不同的时间点测定自主神经系统相关的指标以及皮肤血流量（在每一个参与者的光滑与多毛皮肤上使用激光多普勒来测定）。另外，测定了全身释放的9α,11β-前列腺素(PG)F2。使用校正过的脸红评估工具（FAST）来记录一系列的脸红症状如发红、变暖、刺痛、发痒以及它们的强度。 结果：使用阿司匹林治疗后，所有的脸红症状平均得分都有显著下降；然而，36%–53%的参与者仍然存在着某种程度上的症状，即便阿司匹林已经完全阻断了11β-PGF2的合成。口服烟酸后前臂光滑与多毛皮肤上的最大皮肤血流量（MaxSkBF）都有显著的增加，但是使用阿司匹林后只有多毛皮肤上的最大血流量有显著的减少。回归分析结果显示，在光滑的皮肤上， PGF2与副交感神经活性都是口服烟酸后MaxSkBF的显著预测因子，贡献度分别为26%与14%（总R2=40%）。 结论：本研究结果第一次表明，除了PGD2之外，副交感神经系统在烟酸诱发的脸红中可能也有重要的作用。改变交感⁄副交感神经之间的平衡、增强副交感神经的活性对于减少烟酸诱发的脸红来说是一个很好的治疗目标。
High-energy π-meson-nucleon backscattering using regge pole hypothesis

Backward scattering of π-mesons by nucleons may provide a method to study experimentally the Regge trajectories of the nucleon and its resonances. Using the Regge pole hypothesis, we have calculated the asymptotic behavior of the large-angle differential cross-section and recoil nucleon polarization in the limit of high energies. The interferences among the three known trajectories are obtained, as well as their interferences with Gribov’s conjugate trajectories, which may lead to oscillations in the cross-section and polarization.
Childhood Maltreatment and Conduct Disorder: Independent Predictors of Criminal Outcomes in ADHD Youth.

Abstract Objective Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at heightened risk for maltreatment in childhood and criminality as they enter into adolescence and early adulthood. Here, we investigated the effect of moderate to severe childhood maltreatment on later criminality among adolescents/young adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood while accounting for the contributions of other known risk factors such as early conduct disorder (CD). Methods Eighty-eight participants from a longitudinal study of children diagnosed with ADHD and screened for comorbid disorders at age 7–11 years were assessed for maltreatment histories at the time of the 10-year adolescent follow-up. Detailed juvenile and adult criminal records were obtained from the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services approximately 3-years after commencement of the follow-up study. We used regression analyses to determine predictors of adolescent/young adult criminal behavior. Results Moderate to severe childhood maltreatment increased the risk of adolescent/young adult arrest over and above the risk associated with childhood CD, while both childhood maltreatment and childhood CD significantly increased the risk of recidivism. ADHD youth classified as maltreated were three and a half times more likely to be arrested when compared to ADHD youth without a maltreatment classification. Conclusion We established maltreatment as a risk factor for criminality in ADHD youth and demonstrated that this relationship was independent of the contributions of CD, and established risk factor for antisocial behavior in this population. The findings highlight the need for maltreatment screening in children with ADHD in order to identify those at heightened risk for criminal activity, and target treatment to improve outcome in this high-risk group of children.
Performance evaluation of Hybrid Spread Spectrum based Advanced smart Metering Infrastructure network with Multi-User Detection techniques in jamming channel

A recent research study compared different possible technologies like RF mesh, Power Line Carrier (PLC), GPRS, 3G cellular CDMA and arrived at a conclusion that the 3G cellular CDMA is an appropriate choice for smart metering application. A related work proposed a Hybrid Spread Spectrum (HSS) based Advanced smart Metering Infrastructure (AMI) network which reduces the MAC layer overhead, latency in data transfer from source to destination and improves the PHY layer security when compared to that of the 3G cellular CDMA. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of the HSS based AMI network with and without Multi-User Detection (MUD) techniques in the presence of a jammer.
Root allocation and multiple nutrient limitation in the New Jersey Pinelands

Current understanding of the effects of resource stress on plant communities emphasizes the adaptive integration of multiple limiting factors, but it has been difficult to directly demonstrate the fundamental assumption of the adaptive control of limitation. One model predicts a positive correlation between optimal allocation to the uptake of each resource and growth response to enrichment of that resource. Here we report a test of this prediction by a fertilization experiment in the New Jersey Pinelands Biosphere Reserve where limitation was measured by growth response to nutrient enrichments, and allocation was measured by root proliferation in microsites enriched by those same nutrients. Results suggest that a stand of regenerating Pinus echinata Mill. (shortleaf pine) was jointly limited by nitrogen and potassium, with a possible small effect of phosphorus. Root allocation was proportional to growth response, which supports the assumption of adaptive control of limitation.
The Role of Cocoa in the growth and Spatial Organization of Accra (Ghana) Prior to 1921

At the present time, Accra--eighty years the seat of Gold Coast administration, and fifteen years the capital of an independent Ghana--stands atop an urban system that is relatively well developed by Black African standards. In several years the municipal population will reach the million mark, notwithstanding the fact that less than 5 per cent of the labor force is employed in modern manufacturing industries. Unlike most large cities in the West which expanded in response to the needs of industry, Accra grew despite a dearth of secondary industries. Foremost among its competitive advantages during the colonial period were its traditional role as a port, its administrative importance as a political capital, and its fortuitous location vis-a-vis the earliest cocoa-producing districts. It is proposed that this latter advantage was the primary determinant of the urban growth and spatial organization of Accra during the second decade of the present century, a seminal phase in its commercial development. In this paper I would like to discuss the impact of the early years of the cocoa trade, first, on Accra in relation to the emerging urban system and, second, on the changing pattern of commercial land use within the town. Most of the discussion refers to those years between 1908, when the first significant cocoa exports occurred, and 1921, by which time the townscape of Accra clearly displayed the impress of the cocoa trade. During this brief but eventful period the economic shock waves released by the revolutionary new crop set up a condition of disequilibrium within the colonial space-economy. Centers, such as Accra, which serviced the cocoa trade flourished, while many other languished. The paper focuses, then, on cocoa as a primary influence on the economic geography of Accra, at a time when its leadership in the urban hierarchy was being consolidated.
Exploratory Project: State of the Cloud, from University of Michigan and Beyond

As data center costs rise and space availability diminishes many organizations are investigating the viability of cloud computing for research use. Yet the majority of research investigators have not readily embraced cloud capability, regardless of the potential cost savings. Through interviews, case studies, and up-to-the-minute blog posts from top experts, it is possible to extract a basic framework of barriers that dampen widespread cloud adoption. Insight gained through examining these barriers can then be used to design an organizational strategic plan to build a cloud-enhanced campus cyber infrastructure.
Work in progress - teaching numerical computing with MATLAB

Numerical computing with MATLAB is a new textbook for an introductory course in numerical methods, MATLAB, and technical computing.
Table of Contents and Introduction: Run for the Border Vice and Virtue in U.S. Mexico-Border Crossings

Mexico and the United States exist in a symbiotic relationship: Mexico frequently provides the United States with cheap labor, illegal goods, and, for criminal offenders, a refuge from the law. In turn, the U.S. offers Mexican laborers the American dream: the possibility of a better livelihood through hard work. To supply each other’s demands, Americans and Mexicans have to cross their shared border from both sides. Despite this relationship, U.S. immigration reform debates tend to be security-focused and center on the idea of menacing Mexicans heading north to steal abundant American resources. Further, Congress tends to approach reform unilaterally, without engaging with Mexico or other feeder countries, and, disturbingly, without acknowledging problematic southern crossings that Americans routinely make into Mexico. In Run for the Border, Steven W. Bender offers a framework for a more comprehensive border policy through a historical analysis of border crossings, both Mexico to U.S. and U.S. to Mexico. In contrast to recent reform proposals, this book urges reform as the product of negotiation and implementation by cross-border accord; reform that honors the shared economic and cultural legacy of the U.S. and Mexico. Covering everything from the history of Anglo crossings into Mexico to escape law authorities, the entry of maquiladora factories into the borderlands employing low-wage workers, to vice tourism and retirement in Mexico, and to today’s focus on Mexican border-crossing immigrants and drug traffickers, Bender takes lessons from the past 150 years to argue for more explicit and compassionate cross-border cooperation. Steeped in several disciplines, Run for the Border is a blend of historical, cultural, and legal perspectives, as well as those from literature and cinema, that reflect Bender’s cultural background as the grandson of two Mexican immigrants, and his legal expertise.
A QFT Based Control Design for the Wraith UAV

This paper presents a QFT controller design for a Wraith UAV, and compares it to a classically designed controller. QFT is a control law design method that uses frequencydomain concepts to satisfy performance specifications while handling plant uncertainty. This method is based on the need for feedback when the plant is uncertain, or when uncertain disturbances are acting on the plant. The QFT design approach involves classical frequencyresponse loop-shaping via manipulation of the gain magnitude along with the poles and zeros of the nominal transfer function. This design process is accomplished using QFT Control Design MATLAB Toolbox computer-aided design software. In this paper the loop-shaping problem is when given a nominal plant, a finite set of QFT bounds and a fixed controller order, synthesize a controller that achieves internally stability, satisfies its bounds and has a minimized high-frequency gain. If one translates the open-loop bounds into the appropriate closed-loop bounds, the above automatic loop-shaping problem can be formulated as a linear program. We discuss the nature of these closed-loop bounds and certain approximations used with typically small consequences in terms of design conservatism.
Reflection-in-Action: Modeling a specific organization through the Viable Systems Model

The purpose of this project is to explore a way for systems practitioners to learn the skills necessary to employ a particular systems model in practice. Reflection-in-Action is one way to embark on a double-loop learning cycle and, thus, develop the tacit skills and inarticulate knowledge needed to employ a particular systems model. Through Reflection-in-Action, a Viable Systems Model (VSM) of the San Francisco Zoo was constructed. This project involved three phases of research; for each, a VSM using the data available was constructed. During each phase, the questioning of current assumptions and operating norms led to changes in the direction of the research. This led to the construction of significantly different VSMs for each phase.
Regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore by Simvastatin during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in rat heart

Objective To explore the impact of Simvastatin,a lipid lowering agent,on the myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemic area,and determine whether it can modulate opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore( mPTP). Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group( Sham),control group( Con),simvastatin low-dose group( Sim_1),simvastatin high-dose group( Sim_5) and cyclosporine A( CsA). A rat model of ischemiareperfusion injury was created by using ligation of the left anterior descending artery( other than the sham-operated group). Results The myocardial ischemic area reduced significantly in Sim_1,Sim_5 and CsA groups( 26. 5%,32. 2% and 28. 6%,respectively) as compared to Con group( P 0. 05). Ca2 +-induced mPTP opening was inhibited magnificently in Sim_1,Sim_5 and CsA groups as ompared to Con group( P 0. 05),especially in Sim_5 group. Sim_1 group showed a minor effect. Conclusion Simvastatin can effectively inhibit mPTP opening and protect the rat heart from ischemiareperfusion injury.
Preliminary study of cooperative navigation of underwater vehicles without a DVL utilizing range and range-rate observations

This paper reports a preliminary study of a method for combined underwater communication and navigation of underwater vehicles (cooperative navigation) equipped with an acoustic modem, attitude, and depth sensors, but lacking a Doppler velocity log (DVL), and a surface vehicle equipped with an acoustic modem and GPS. Few previously reported studies have utilized acoustic range rate in addition to acoustic range for the general navigation of underwater vehicles. This paper reports an observation model for range-rate measurements and preliminary anecdotal simulation studies for cooperative navigation of one underwater vehicle client with one surface vehicle server employing both range and range-rate observations to estimate the vehicle states with a delayed-state extended Kalman filter in the absence of DVL velocity observations. The preliminary studies suggest that the addition of range-rate measurements may offer advantages over the case of range-only observations in a limited set of circumstances, such as poor range-observation accuracy. The present study is preliminary, however, and directions for future study are suggested.
2.21 – Déjà Vu

The deja vu experience is an illusion of recognition where an objectively unfamiliar setting or situation seems subjectively familiar. Surveys indicate that about two-thirds of individuals have experienced deja vu, and that it systematically decreases with age. The incidence is higher among those with more education, travel experience, and liberal attitudes. Speculation about the cause of deja vu has centered on (1) neurological dysfunction (small seizure or brief slowing of neuronal processing), (2) implicit memory (part or all of the experience is actually old), or (3) double perception (one’s unitary perceptual experience is briefly severed, giving the illusion of two separate experiences).
Regional Brain Water Content and Distribution During Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Objective To characterize regional differences in brain water distribution and content during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and determine whether these differences correlate with regional vascular supply. Study design We compared changes in brain water distribution and water content in different brain regions during DKA by analyzing magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging data collected during DKA and after recovery in 45 children ( Results ADC values were elevated (suggesting vasogenic cerebral edema) in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and hippocampus during DKA. In contrast, ADC values in the medulla and the occipital cortex were not increased during DKA, and ADC changes in the medulla tended to be negatively correlated with other regions. Regions supplied by the anterior/middle cerebral artery circulation had greater elevations in both ADC and brain water content during DKA compared with regions supplied by the posterior cerebral artery circulation. Conclusions ADC changes during DKA in the brainstem contrast with those of other brain regions, and changes in both ADC and brain water content during DKA vary according to regional vascular supply. These data suggest that brainstem blood flow might possibly be reduced during DKA concurrent with hyperemia in other brain regions.
Homogeneous Catalysis: From Metal Atoms to Small Clusters

XAFS is an excellent technique to capture the homogeneous catalyst structure under operando conditions – the actual operating catalyst under higher-temperatures and often under high-pressure conditions. Thus operando XAFS on homogeneous systems yields insights into the catalyst function in a way that neither ex situ nor in situ techniques can. Direct observation of the metal center using XAFS techniques goes far beyond the limitations of NMR (limited to a few active nuclei), or IR spectroscopy (limited to specific metal-ligand vibrational modes). When possible, the combination of XAFS with NMR, IR, UV-Vis, theoretical approaches such as advanced electronic structure calculation (e.g., DFT), or careful kinetics studies brings together powerful complementary methods. XAFS probes the metal center during the catalytic process, yielding oxidation states and local structure about the metal center. We showcase a few representative examples from the literature and additionally highlight some of our recent work. These examples cover themes in important topical areas including green chemistry, hydrogen storage, and classical hydrogenation chemistry
Trust in Mental Health Clinicians Among Patients Who Access Clinical Notes Online.

Objective:This study explored patient perspectives of how online access to clinical notes (OpenNotes) within the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system may affect patients’ relationships with their mental health clinicians.Methods:Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 28 patients receiving VA mental health care who had accessed OpenNotes. Transcripts were coded and analyzed with a constant comparative approach.Results:Respondents consistently reported that patient-clinician relationships—feelings of trust in particular—are critical to the therapeutic process and that reading clinical notes strengthens or strains patients’ trust in mental health clinicians. Perceptions of transparency and respect as conveyed in notes were central to maintaining trust.Conclusions:Findings suggest that ensuring consistency between what occurs during appointments and what appears in clinical notes, as well as highlighting patient individuality and strengths in notes, may help engender patient trust and a...
Induced Fit Is a Special Case of Conformational Selection

Conformational selection (CS) and induced fit (IF) are two widely used interpretations of binding of a ligand to biological macromolecules. Both mechanisms envision a two-step reaction in which a conformational transition either precedes (CS) or follows (IF) the binding step. Under pseudo-first-order conditions where the ligand is in excess compared to the macromolecule, both mechanisms produce two relaxations. A fast one eventually increases linearly with ligand concentration and reflects the binding interaction. A slow one saturates to a constant value after decreasing or increasing hyperbolically with ligand concentration. This relaxation is the one most often accessible to experimental measurements and is potentially diagnostic of the mechanism involved. A relaxation that decreases unequivocally identifies CS, but a hyperbolic increase is compatible with both CS and IF. The potential ambiguity between the two mechanisms is more than qualitative. Here we show that the entire kinetic repertoire of IF is...
Decision Making Under Uncertainty and Restrictions on Computation Resources: From Heuristic to Optimal Techniques

In the previous chapters, we showed that bounded rationality explains the success of heuristic techniques in expert decision making.
Trail and Territorial Communication in Social Insects

The social properties of insect colonies are sometimes described in seemingly contradictory terms. As pinnacles of biological complexity they are superorganisms and their emergent, colony-level characteristics are often referred to in terms of their elaborate and sophisticated nature. Yet the mechanisms that mediate social interactions and group phenomena, after empirical or theoretical analysis, are simple and parsimonious. This complexity-mediated-by-simplicity paradigm provides a heuristic approach to the analysis of the basic behavioral characteristics of the individual members of an insect society and the regulatory mechanisms of cooperative response, which are the fundamental elements from which colony-level behavior is derived. Inevitably, the dissection and reconstruction of insect social organization involves semiochemicals, because the principal sensory modality of integration, social coordination, and assembly of colony-level patterns is olfaction.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting over 50% of men as they reach their 5th decade of life. This leads to a number of sequelae such as lower urinary tra...
The Role of Decision Analysis in Industrial and Systems Engineering Education

This paper provides a pilot study on the discrepancy between current Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE) university programs and industry requirements. A summary of an interview series conducted with subject matter experts in ISE emphasizes the need for more instruction of decision analysis in ISE curricula. According to the analysis of the ten top-ranked ISE graduate and undergraduate programs in the USA, less than 20% of the ISE programs and specializations have core classes in decision making and decision analysis. The results of the interview series and the analysis of university ISE programs illustrate the need for more decision analysis education both in undergraduate and graduate ISE education.
What Can Recordings in the Striatum Tell Us about Associative Learning

What motivates us to perform specific actions? On one hand, action selection may be influenced predominantly by the stimuli that we have learned to associate with responses in the presence of rewards (i.e., stimulus–response associations). On the other hand, action selection could be driven by an
Early Surgery for Infective Endocarditis with Stroke Does Not Increase Post-operative Neurological Complications: What are We Waiting For? (S29.007)

Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine if early valve surgery for infective endocarditis in acute stroke patients is associated with an increased risk of post-operative neurological complications. Background: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke often complicate infective endocarditis (IE). Optimal timing of surgical intervention for IE with stroke remains controversial. We compared neurological outcomes of early and delayed valve surgery for IE complicated by stroke. Design/Methods: We reviewed 73 patients with acute IE by Duke Criteria who underwent brain imaging (CT, MRI, or cerebral angiogram) before valve operations between December 2014 and August 2016. Date of IE diagnosis was defined as date of antibiotic initiation. Early surgery was defined as valve replacement ≤14 days from date of IE diagnosis and delayed surgery as >14 days. Neurological complication is defined as delirium >72 hours after extubation and cessation of sedation, new ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results: Among 73 patients who underwent valve replacement surgery, 71 had evidence of stroke on imaging: 54 patients with acute or subacute ischemic infarct, 9 patients with evidence of intracerebral hemorrhage, and 8 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The median time from IE diagnosis to surgery was 9 days. Forty patients had early surgery, and 33 patients had late surgery. Early surgery group had fewer patients with history of ischemic stroke (55% vs 79%, p=0.033), fewer acute or subacute infarcts on imaging (63% vs 88% p=0.016), but more native valve infections (73% vs 45%, p=0.018). The incidence of post-operative stroke was similar between both groups (2.5% vs 9%, p=0.32). In the delayed group, ischemic strokes occurred in 4 patients awaiting surgery. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were associated with post-operative neurological complications (p Conclusions: In IE patients with acute stroke, early surgery does not appear to increase post-operative neurological complications. Disclosure: Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marquardt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uchino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wisco has nothing to disclose.
Hormonal regulation of gene expression in mammary cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses hormonal regulation of gene expression in mammary cells. During pregnancy, the mammary gland undergoes remarkable developmental changes related to the organogenesis of an excretory gland that will form and secrete the specialized components of milk after parturition. This complex process of growth and differentiation is regulated by a large number of intracellular molecular mechanisms, which in turn are governed by a complex set of specific hormonal signals. The chapter reviews the recent studies on the hormonal regulation of gene activation during mammary cell differentiation. These studies have demonstrated a complex sequence of molecular events that lead to the activation of specific genes. They have also delineated the roles of a number of hormones in this process of gene activation. Growth of the mammary gland proceeds through a process of cell proliferation rather than by hypertrophy of existing cellular units. Moreover, it has been found that several hormones regulate the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells in organ cultures.
An Interactive Computer-Control System for a Quadruped Robot

While the mobility advantages of legged locomotion systems relative to wheeled or tacked systems are generally recognized, the complexity of the joint coordination control problem has retarded the development of useful legged vehicles. This paper reports the results of a computer simulation study in which a digital computer was used to generate commands to the individual joints of a quadruped robot in response to speed and direction signals from a human operator.
The Past, Present, and Future of Special Collections Library Literature

The field of bibliometrics provides a lens through which to explore how a journal’s environment is shaped by the professionals that contribute to its creation and maintenance. Despite a rich legacy of bibliometric studies in Library and Information Science scholarship more generally, to date no studies have explored bibliometrics related specifically to special collections library literature. This study considers the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) journals, RBML and RBM, to explore what it is possible to learn about late twentieth and early twenty-first century American special collections librarianship as a profession through an aggregate consideration of the professional literature. This study uses existing tools from author affiliation studies to explore the professional literature and available data about the perspectives that shaped the RBMS journals, RBML and RBM, to gain a better understanding of the particular ecosystem that informs research and publication in the field of American special collections librarianship.
Ageing and Globalization

Ageing and Globalization by Martin Hyde and Paul HiggsIndustrialization and urbanization have changed the way we live and work. The changing nature of the space in which we live and work, in additi...
Task performance influences general self-efficacy, even without increases in the skills required to achieve success

ABSTRACTThe current article tests whether task performance influences general self-efficacy without increases in the skills required to achieve success. To do so, an experimental design is applied ...
Using Global Positioning System (GPS) Data in Structural Geology to Better Understand Tectonic Motions and Earthquake Hazards

Abstract High precision global positioning system (GPS) stations provide a valuable way to measure crustal deformation and assess earthquake hazards. This chapter uses horizontal velocities from three neighboring GPS stations in the Plate Boundary Observatory network as a way to learn about and measure ongoing strain. Study sites are in coastal Washington State and California. Starting with time series that show station position relative to stable eastern North America, students graphically determine north and east velocities and then calculate the magnitude and azimuth of the horizontal velocity at each station. Once horizontal velocities are calculated, the translation component (the vector average of all three stations) is subtracted out. The residual velocities and strain ellipse allow for the determination of rotation, distortion, and area strain. Rates of distortion and area strain, give insights into potential earthquake hazards for the region.
Delayed Surgical Management of Type A Intramural Hematoma Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes Than Emergent Operation.

Objectives Management of acute aortic intramural hematomas (IMHs) involving the ascending aorta and root remains controversial. Some series have suggested that delaying operative intervention beyond the first 24-hours may be beneficial. Methods A retrospective single-institution analysis was performed to identify patients presenting with type A IMH. These patients were classified by whether they underwent surgery within 24 hours or delayed operative intervention. Patients with additional indications for emergent operation, such as acute aortic regurgitation or malperfusion syndromes, were excluded. Outcomes were assessed with logistic regression, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze long-term survival. Results Of the 129 patients with acute type A aortic pathology, 36 (27.9%) presented with isolated IMH. IMH patients were less likely to present with acute aortic regurgitation (8.6% versus 27.9%, P = .020) or limb ischemia (0% versus 12.6%, P = .027). Of the IMH patients without other emergent operative indications, 23 (67.6%) underwent surgery within 24 hours. Delayed operative repair was not associated with increased risk of mortality, stroke, or renal failure (all P >.05). Survival analysis showed no difference in survival at 1 year. Conclusions In well-selected patients, delayed operation for type An intramural hematoma is not associated with adverse outcomes.
Victimization and adversity in child welfare involved youth: the cumulative influence on child and caregiver reported behavioral health symptoms

Exposure to childhood victimization and adversity (CVA) is pervasive for child welfare (CW) involved youth. However, most research with CW samples has focused on types of maltreatment and fails to recognize the additive influence of exposure to CVA beyond maltreatment. A subsample aged 8 to 17 (n = 1,887) was drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) II. CVA included six domains. Behavioral health was assessed using the Child Depression Inventory, Trauma Symptom Checklist, and the internalizing and externalizing subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between the number of CVA reported and the risk of clinical-range behavioral health symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for the cluster-based sampling design and sampling weights were applied to provide nationally representative estimates. More than 60% of the sample experienced three or more CVA domains. The number of CVAs reported was associated with all four behavioral health outcomes (p < .001). Children exposed to five or more domains were more likely to report high depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0), high trauma symptoms (OR = 7.0), and to have internalizing or externalizing symptoms reported by caregivers (OR = 18.0), as compared with children reporting one or less CVAs. Youth involved with CW are exposed to staggeringly high rates of CVA beyond maltreatment. For children who are already at great risk for behavioral health challenges, research to understand screening and interventions for CVA is needed to inform policy and practice initiatives to prevent and mitigate harm.
Risiko, Resilienz und menschliche Mobilität: Der Beitrag des Klimaschutzabkommens von Paris und der Global Compacts

In diesem Kapitel geht es um die Frage, wie und warum sich die Themen Migration, Vertreibung und geplante Umsiedlung im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema Risikomanagement entwickelt haben und damit im Gegensatz zu der aktuellen Sichtweise stehen, wie sie im Globalen Pakt fur eine sichere, geordnete und regulare Migration und im Globalen Pakt fur Fluchtlinge zum Ausdruck kommt. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen die Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen politischen Ansatzen vor dem Hintergrund der internationalen Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit der Klimarahmenkonvention analysiert werden: Dabei werden die Konzepte Risikomanagement und Resilienz, wie sie in der Klimapolitik verstanden werden, sowie das Management und der Schutz von nationalen Grenzen im Sinne der allgemeinen Migrations- und Fluchtlingspolitik einander gegenubergestellt. Es wird skizziert, wie sich das Thema seit der Aufnahme in Paragraf 14 (f) des Cancun Adaptation Framework im Jahr 2010 und der Grundung der Task Force on Displacement im Rahmen des Klimaschutzabkommens von Paris entwickelt hat (Loss and Damage-Konzept). Im nachsten Schritt geht es darum, welche Mittel und Wege die Weltgemeinschaft findet, um die Empfehlungen so umzusetzen, dass sich die Lander vorausschauend auf potenzielle Migrationsbewegungen vorbereiten und die Zukunft klimaresilient und nachhaltig gestalten konnen.
[Investigation of transmission chain of a cluster COVID-19 cases]

Objective: To analyze of the transmission characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases in Chongqing and evaluate the infectivity of COVID-19 in the incubation period. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted by using unified questionnaire through field and telephone interviews among 129 close contacts of COVID-19 cases. The relationship of transmission was indicated by transmission chain, and the infectivity was analyzed by the contact history. Results: This cluster of COVID-19 cases occurred after a classmate party involving members in three families and work fellows in a factory (R(0)=3.8). The infection rate during the incubation period was 17.57%. On average, it was infectious three days before onset. There was significant difference in infection rate among different contact modes (&#967;(2)=15.10, P<0.01),There was significant difference in infection rate among single exposureswith different time length ( &#967;(2)=25.08, P<0.01). Conclusions: COVID-19 is highly infectious in the incubation period. The more confined the space is, the higher the risk is,and the longer the single exposure is, the higher the risk of transmission is. Indirect contact transmission still exists.
Models for factors influencing pathogen survival in low water activity foods from literature data are highly significant but show large unexplained variance.

Abstract Factors that control pathogen survival in low water activity foods are not well understood and vary greatly from food to food. A literature search was performed to locate data on the survival of foodborne pathogens in low-water activity (
CRIMES AND OFFENSES Health Records: Prohibit Destruction, Alteration, or Falsification

The Act prohibits the knowing and willful falsification, alteration, or destruction of health records if done with an intent to conceal any material fact relating to a potential claim or cause of action.
Future advances for treating lumbar disc herniation and degeneration: Nucleus replacement, annular repair, and biologics

Intervertebral disc disease is a prevalent and costly clinical problem in the United States. Disease-modifying therapies applied at the early stages of disease are desirable compared to the traditional and variably effective surgical options for end-stage disease. A better understanding of the normal intervertebral disc and the molecular and cellular basis of disc degeneration has led researchers to investigate innovative therapies. Specifically the developments of biomaterial-based hydrogels and annular patches, cell implantation, growth factor modulation, and gene transduction techniques all hold clinical promise. The most powerful therapy may combine several of these modalities to achieve long-standing results.
Hysteroscopic View of Endometrial Atypia: A Review of Two Cases

Abstract Background: Hysteroscopy enables direct visualization of the endometrial cavity via the cervix with an endoscope and a light source. Diagnostic and therapeutic indications include: abnormal uterine bleeding; postmenopausal endometrial thickening; removal of endometrial polyps; resection of submucosal myomata; incision of uterine septa; directly visualizing and removing intrauterine foreign bodies; hysteroscopic sterilization; recurrent miscarriages; endocervical lesions; lysis of uterine synechiae; abnormal hysterosalpingography; and infertility. Cases: Case 1: A 73-year-old postmenopausal female presented with right lower-quadrant abdominal fullness, and she had a thickened endometrium (9.4 mm) on noted on ultrasound. An outpatient endometrial biopsy was attempted but was unsuccessful because the patient had cervical stenosis. She underwent hysteroscopy and dilation and curettage (D&C). Hysteroscopy revealed the presence of lesions in the endometrial cavity, and samples of these lesions showed f...
Primordial magnetic monopoles.

Grand unified theories and certain superstring models predict the existence of topologically stable superheavy magnetic monopoles. We discuss how a measurable flux of primordial monopoles carrying two (in some models three) quanta of Dirac magnetic charge may occur in the galaxy despite an inflationary epoch.
Managing work-life boundaries with mobile technologies: An interpretive study of mobile work practices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that mobile technologies play in mobile workers’ efforts to manage the boundaries between work and non-work domains. Previous theories of work-life boundary management frame boundary management strategies as a range between the segmentation and integration of work-life domains, but fail to provide a satisfactory account of technology’s role. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply the concept of affordances, defined as the relationship between users’ abilities and features of mobile technology, in two field studies of a total of 25 mobile workers who used a variety of mobile devices and services. Findings – The results demonstrate that the material features of mobile technologies offer five specific affordances that mobile workers use in managing work-life boundaries: mobility, connectedness, interoperability, identifiability and personalization. These affordances persist in their influence across time, despite their connection to differen...
Drosophila as a model for the identification of genes causing adult human heart disease

Drosophila melanogaster genetics provides the advantage of molecularly defined P-element insertions and deletions that span the entire genome. Although Drosophila has been extensively used as a model system to study heart development, it has not been used to dissect the genetics of adult human heart disease because of an inability to phenotype the adult fly heart in vivo. Here we report the development of a strategy to measure cardiac function in awake adult Drosophila that opens the field of Drosophila genetics to the study of human dilated cardiomyopathies. Through the application of optical coherence tomography, we accurately distinguish between normal and abnormal cardiac function based on measurements of internal cardiac chamber dimensions in vivo. Normal Drosophila have a fractional shortening of 87 ± 4%, whereas cardiomyopathic flies that contain a mutation in troponin I or tropomyosin show severe impairment of systolic function. To determine whether the fly can be used as a model system to recapitulate human dilated cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic Drosophila with inducible cardiac expression of a mutant of human δ-sarcoglycan (δsgS151A), which has previously been associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Compared to transgenic flies overexpressing wild-type δsg, or the standard laboratory strain w1118, Drosophila expressing δsgS151A developed marked impairment of systolic function and significantly enlarged cardiac chambers. These data illustrate the utility of Drosophila as a model system to study dilated cardiomyopathy and the applicability of the vast genetic resources available in Drosophila to systematically study the genetic mechanisms responsible for human cardiac disease.
Bithermal fatigue - A link between isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue

A technique for bithermal fatigue testing is presented in which the tensile and compressive halves of the cycle are conducted isothermally at two significantly different temperatures. With reference to experimental results obtained for a nickel-base superalloy, B1900 + Hf, it is shown that bithermal fatigue testing is a simple alternative to thermomechanical fatigue and can provide a conservative determination of thermomechanical fatigue life for creep damage dominated failure modes. Bithermal fatigue results can be directly related to thermomechanical fatigue results through the use of an appropriate damage rule.
Consumer Preferences for Annuity Attributes: Beyond Net Present Value:

AbstractDecisions about life annuities are an important part of consumer decumulation of retirement assets, yet they are relatively underexplored by marketing researchers studying consumer financial decision making. In this article, the authors propose and estimate a model of individual preferences for life annuity attributes using a choice-based stated-preference survey. Annuities are presented in terms of consumer-relevant attributes such as monthly income, yearly adjustments, period certain guarantees, and company financial strength. The authors find that these attributes directly influence consumer preferences beyond their impact on the annuity’s expected present value. The strength of the direct influence depends on how annuities are described: when annuities are represented only through basic attributes, consumers undervalue inflation protection, and preferences are not monotonically increasing in duration of period certain guarantees. When descriptions of annuities are enriched with cumulative paym...
Known good die for MCMs: Enabling technologies

Summary form only given, as follows. The need for known good die for MCMs has been widely recognized. However, satisfying this need has presented many test challenges. Fortunately, the efforts of many workers are now providing the basic technology to assure the performance and reliability of die to be used in MCMs. Performance testing of ICs and chips on wafers is illustrated at gigahertz rates with improvements possible using membrane probes. The recent development of rapid thermal stressing for quick burn-in of ICs presents the possibility of avoiding chip carriers. The point of this paper is to emphasize the availability of effective test methods for known good die and to provide the reader with a solid reference base from which to choose the most appropriate method. >
Superfluorescence from magnetically formed quantum dots: mixing, temperature, and excitation pulsewidth dependence

Ultrafast cooperative recombination from dense electron-hole plasmas in magnetically formed quantum dots (with magnetic field up to 31 T) was investigated as a function of energy level mixing, temperature, and excitation pulse width.
Reactions of Silyl Ketene Acetal-Functionalized Polysiloxanes. Synthesis of Sulfonated Polysiloxanes

Treatment of silyl ketene acetal-functionalized polysiloxanes with (trimethylsily1)sulfonyl chloride, followed by hydrolysis in sodium bicarbonate, affords sulfonated polysiloxanes in high yield. The precursors are prepared by hydrosilation of poly(hydromethylsi1oxane) or copolymers of dimethyl and hydromethyl units with silyl ketene acetals bearing a terminal olefin. Polysiloxanes having between 30 and nearly 100% sulfonate groups have been easily prepared. The sulfonated polysiloxanes are water-soluble and amphiphilic and are able to solubilize hydrophobic molecules such as pyrene as suggested by fluorescence spectra. Potential uses for these new polymers include surfactants and anionic dopants for conducting polymers.