cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making meaning of community violence among adolescents: Associations between exposure, pro-violence attitudes and psychological symptoms.

This study examined one type of adolescent meaning making (i.e., the development of beliefs about violence) and its association with reported mental health symptoms in a sample of youth exposed to community violence. Eighty-seven adolescents (age 11-18; 64.4% female) from a metropolitan city in the Northeast were recruited through Craigslist and recreation center postings and data collection occurred from 2009 to 2013. Participants completed self-reported measures of community violence exposure, attitudes toward violence, and psychological symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. Bivariate correlations, hierarchical linear regressions, and mediation analyses examined the associations between exposure, beliefs about violence, and mental health symptoms. Self-reported pro-violence attitudes were positively correlated with depression symptoms (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and PTSD (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Pro-violence attitudes significantly mediated the relationship between community violence exposure and depression symptoms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003-0.061) and PTSD symptoms (95% CI = 0.046-0.260). Preliminary findings suggest that meaning making through the development of pro-violence attitudes may not protect against symptoms of PTSD and depression among youth. Findings can inform the integration of meaning making processes into community mental health interventions for youth.
Separation of scleroglucan and cell biomass from Sclerotium glucanicum grown in an inexpensive,by-product based medium

Abstract: Scleroglucan is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the fungi Sclerotium. Scleroglucan is stable over a broad range of temperatures, pH and salt concentration, thus having great potential in many diverse applications. Common media for scleroglucan production contain expensive components, such as yeast extract, that make the medium cost-ineffective for some industrial applications. Thus we developed a medium which uses C ondensed C orn S olubles (CCS), a nutrient-rich byproduct of corn-based ethanol production, to replace expensive components. Methods typically used to recover scleroglucan are also expensive, and can limit commercialization. To evaluate alternative processes for scleroglucan recovery, we prepared scleroglucan in a modified version of Wang’s medium and a CCS-glucose medium. Broth samples were initially subjected to the standard recovery method to develop a complete mass balance, and then we evaluated various treatments to improve scleroglucan recovery. These included heat treatments to lyse cells, using different alcohol precipitants, freezing or refrigerating before recovery, and diluting broth to enhance cell separation. The CCS medium produced 14.2 g/L scleroglucan, compared to 10.1 g/L in the modified Wang’s medium. Based on the standard recovery protocol, we determined that 96% of the scleroglucan was recovered from the initial centrifugation and precipitation. Washing the cell pellet with water and recentrifuging only recovered a minimal amount of scleroglucan, and thus it could be eliminated from protocol to save energy and costs. Lysing cells by boiling or autoclaving did not release more scleroglucan than un-heated samples, and we also found no statistical difference between ethanol, isopopanol, and methanol as scleroglucan precipitants. Refrigerating the broth prior to scleroglucan recovery had no significant effect, while freezing actually decreased scleroglucan recovery. Initially diluting the broth by 0.50 or 0.34 resulted in the greatest scleroglucan recovery, while higher or lower dilutions decreased recovery. The optimum protocol for scleroglucan recovery was a 0.50 dilution of broth prior to centrifugation, no washing of the cell pellet, and use of the least expensive alcohol to precipitate scleroglucan from the supernatant. Keywords: s cleroglucan, Sclerotium glucanicum , exopolysaccharide separation, condensed corn solubles DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.20 11 .0 1 .0 52 -0 60 Citation: Arlene Fosmer, William Gibbons . Separation of scleroglucan and cell biomass from Sclerotium glucanicum grown in an inexpensive, by-product based medium. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 20 11 ; 4 ( 1 ): 52 <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 140%; font-family:
An analysis of the search performance of a mini-population evolutionary algorithm for a robot-locomotion control problem

In this paper, the authors present a performance analysis of a mini-population evolutionary algorithm (EA) on a robot-locomotion control problem. The results indicate that the nature of the search space allows for the design of highly efficient search algorithms that could greatly outperform current hardware-amenable techniques. The authors additionally believe that these search characteristics may be inherent in many practical problems, making the results useful for the larger community.
Nucleotide Substitution: Rate of

The rate of nucleotide substitution in a DNA sequence is defined as the number of nucleotide substitutions per site per unit time. It is a basic quantity in the study of DNA sequence evolution. Keywords: nucleotide substitution; rate of evolution
Tuberculosis Enteroperitoneal como Causa de Emergencia Quirúrgica en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo

OBJECTIVES : To determine the characteristics of the enteroperitoneal TBC ( TBC- E) as a cause of surgical emergency. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Review of medical records of 40 patients operated at the Emergency Hospital Dos de Mayo with the diagnosis of TB -E ( 1990-1996 ) . RESULTS : The most affected age group was 21-30 years ( 45 % ) , predominantly male ( 62.5 %). History of pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 14 ( 35%). The clinical picture is characterized by abdominal pain ( 100 % ), nausea (77.5% ), vomiting (72.5% ) , abdominal distension (62.5 %) and abdominal wall resistance ( 55%). In E175 % compatible radiological pic-tures with pulmonary TB was found. The time of disease prior to surgery was less than a week in 67.5 %. 100% was laparotomized being most affected intestinal segments ileocecal and ileal (38.5% each). The pathology was ( +) in 17 of 30 samples ( 56.7 %). The postoperative hospitalization was less than a week at 55 %. 4 patients died ( 10%). CONCLUSIONS: TBC- E can cause acute surgical abdomen and should be considered in our hospitals emergencies .
The mutually regulatory loop of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and immunosuppression in cancer progression

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition and immunosuppression are crucial for cancer metastasis and treatment resistance. The mechanism by which these distinct processes are co-opted remains incompletely understood. Our recent work has exposed the “dirty affairs” of the 2 at the tumor site, thus calling for a combined therapy to break such a dangerous liaison.
Parallel Object-Oriented Library of Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes a parallel genetic algorithms library which enables easy development of parallel programs exploiting genetic algorithm approach. The library is based on TOLKIEN C++ sequential library. SPMD paradigm is applied and PARA++ library is used for message passing. Island and global population models of parallelism have been implemented. The library may be used on virtual network computer and on parallel machines.
Mutations in RAD6, a yeast gene encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, stimulate retrotransposition.

enzyme which polyubiquitinates histones invitro. Herewe showthat mutations inrad6increase thefrequency oftransposition oftheretrotransposon Tyinto theCANIandURA3loci. Using isogenic RAD6andrad6strains, we measured a more than100-fold increase inthespontaneous rateofretrotranspositi on duetorad6, although there wasno increase intheTymessagelevel. Thisisthefirst timethat a mutation ina host genehasbeenshowntoresult inan increased rateofretrotransposition. Retrotransposons suchasTyarecommonineucaryotes. Whiletheyarenotinfectious, theyotherwise resemble retroviruses intheir structural organization andreplication inviruslike particles viaanRNA intermediate (for areview, seereference 1).Thefinding that two-tofourfold increases inthetranscription ofTymessage caused disproportionately large increases inTytransposition ledtospeculation that the cell mayexert controls ontransposition ataposttranscriptional level (7). Possibly theextraTymRNA leads toa complete saturation ofthis hypothetical posttranscriptional regulatory system. Otherevidence thattherateofTy transposition isnotsimply proportional totheTymessage level comesfromtheobservation thatgrowth ata low temperature (17versus 30°C) causes a50-to100-fold increase intherateofTytransposition without changing the level ofTymRNA (24, 25). Oneexplanation ofthis observation isthat thereverse transcriptase activity isoptimal at lowtemperatures (10). Mutations intheSaccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6gene mayresult inseveral phenotypes, including extreme sensitivity toDNA-damaging agents, lackofinduced mutagenesis, defective sporulation, increased mitotic recombination, andanincreased rate ofspontaneous mutation (for areview, seereference 13). RAD6encodes anE22ok enzymewhich polyubiquitinates
Risk factors and prognosis for clot formation on cardiac device leads.

Background Clot formation on cardiac device leads is poorly understood. We sought to determine how often clot is seen on device leads by transthoracic echo (TTE), identify risk factors, and to describe the natural history of this phenomenon. Methods We reviewed 71,888 echocardiographic studies performed at the University of California, San Francisco from 2005 to 2011. We searched for cases where clot was found adhered to a device lead with no diagnosis of endocarditis. For every case, three age-matched controls with a device but no clot were selected from the echo database. Results We found 15 cases with clot adhered to a device lead among 1,086 patients with devices who had TTE (1.4%). In univariate analysis, females had more than four times greater odds of having a clot on their device lead and patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) had an eight times greater odds. Percentage mode switch was also associated with clot formation. Only AF was still associated with clot formation after multivariate analysis. Follow-up data were available for nine of 15 patients. All nine patients had intensification of their anticoagulant/antiplatelet regimen following clot discovery. Complete resolution or shrinkage of clot was observed in eight of nine patients. The one case with no change was a patient who continued taking only aspirin (higher dose) after clot discovery. None of the nine patients had embolic phenomenon. Conclusion Patients with AF are at higher risk for clot formation on device leads. After clot detection, treatment with anticoagulants usually results in resolution of the clot without embolic phenomenon.
An Evaluation of Several Differencing Methods for Inviscid Fluid Flow Problems

Abstract An evaluation was made of five algorithms for ideal inviscid flow: Lax's, Rusanov's, Landshoff's, the Lax-Wendroff, and Richtmyer's. These algorithms were compared on the basis of ease of coding, spatial and temporal resolution, and execution time. The comparisons were drawn through studies of a one-dimensional reflected shock wave, a flat-faced step in supersonic flow, and passage of a normal shock wave over a stationary cone. Lax's method was found to be the easiest to implement and of good resolution; Rusanov's to be the most versatile and of better resolution; and a modified version of the Lax-Wendroff to yield the best resolution but to be the most difficult and time-consuming to use.
On optimization of scientific workflows to support streaming applications in distributed network environments

Large-scale data-intensive streaming applications in various science fields feature complex DAG-structured workflows comprised of distributed computing modules with intricate inter-module dependencies. Supporting such workflows in high-performance network environments and optimizing their throughput are crucial to collaborative scientific exploration and discovery. We formulate workflow mapping as a frame rate optimization problem and propose an efficient heuristic solution, which is integrated into the Condor-based Scientific Workflow Automation and Management Platform (SWAMP) in place of Condor's default mapping scheme. The SWAMP system is also augmented with several new components to improve the workflow management process. The performance superiority of the proposed solution is verified using both simulations and a real-life scientific workflow for climate modeling deployed in a distributed heterogeneous network environment.
Scattering of a Microsphere WGM Due to a Small Particle

The problem of scattering of whispering gallery modes in a microsphere due to a single dipole scatterer is solved exactly. The real origin of the double peak structure of experimentally observed scattering spectra is explained.
Optimization of launch conditions in 10-Gb/s links using next-generation multimode fibers

In this letter, we explore the optimization of the intersymbol interference (ISI) penalty and its correlation with various transmitter and fiber parameters characterizing 10-Gb/s 300-m-long local area network links using 50-/spl mu/m next-generation multimode fibers. The analysis of a large statistical sample suggests that the range of optimal values for the laser encircled flux is 12-16 /spl mu/m, the lateral offset of the source 10-18 /spl mu/m, and the axial offset -60 to +60 /spl mu/m. The optimization of the launch conditions may reduce the ISI penalty by as much as 0.7 dB. The axial offset between the laser and the fiber axes has detrimental effects on the performance of the link if the launch conditions are not optimized.
Laboratory Life Table Studies of the Blackfaced Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Johnsongrass and Corn

Laboratory life tables were constructed for Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes) using Johnsongrass and corn as hosts. Daily mortality and fecundity schedules were established to estimate net reproductive rate and instantaneous rate of population increase on each host. Nymphal mortality on Johnsongrass was greatest in the fifth instar. In general, nymphal mortality was higher on corn and was greatest in the second, third, and fourth instars. Net reproductive rate and instantaneous rate of population increase were higher on Johnsongrass than on corn. This was attributed to higher probabilities of survival to the midpoint of any stage or age interval and higher numbers of female eggs per female per week on Johnsongrass. Mean generation time was essentially the same for each host.
Cultural Differences in Student and Teacher Perceptions Concerning the Role of Grammar Instruction and Corrective Feedback: USA-Colombia.

A questionnaire administered to 607 Colombian foreign language (FL) students and 122 of their teachers, as well as to 824 U.S. FL students and 92 teachers, elicited student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of explicit grammar instruction and corrective feedback in FL learning. Data comparisons indicated relatively high agreement between students as a group and teachers as a group across cultures on the majority of questions. A number of discrepancies were, however, evident between student and teacher beliefs within each culture, as well as in comparisons of the two groups across cultures, particularly regarding the role of formal grammar instruction in language learning. Given that discrepancies in student and teacher belief systems can be detrimental to learning, it is important that teachers explore their students' perceptions regarding those factors believed to enhance the learning of a new language and make efforts to deal with potential conflicts between student beliefs and instructional practices.
The genetics and expression of an esterase locus in Anopheles gambiae

The main polymorphic system of esterase isoenzymes in adults of the G3 laboratory strain ofAnopheles gambiae consists of two to five major bands of activity per individual. The bands are designated 5S, 5F, 13, 14, and 15. In genetic crosses, the genes which coded for the bands assorted as three codominant alleles, Est A, Est B, and Est C, at a single autosomal locus. Homozygotes for the Est C allele were significantly underrepresented among backcross progeny. The developmental pattern of esterase expression was examined. Esterase gene expression in embryos was first detectable between 2 and 12 hr after oviposition. The initiation or termination of expression of some of the bands corresponded to boundaries between developmental stages. Most of the esterase fractions were not specifically localized within the tissues tested, with the exception of a series of bands which were restricted largely to adult male testes.
Electrochemical Production of Chlorophyll a and Pheophytin a Excited States

The reaction of chlorophyll a/sup +/ (Chl a/sup +/) with either Chl a/sup -/ or pheophytin a/sup -/ (Pheo a/sup -/) in addition to the reaction of Pheo a/sup +/ with Pheo a/sup -/ was studied in butyronitrile (BCN), BCN-1% THF, THF, and DMF. The electrochemically produced radical ion pairs Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ and Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ react in each solvent to produce a 10/sup -7/-10/sup -4/ yield of luminescent states on the basis of the initial number of radical pairs. The Chl a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reaction produces no observable luminescence in any of the solvents examined. The luminescence maximum for the Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reaction occurs at 730 nm in each solvent and is strongly red-shifted relative to the fluorescence maxima for optically excited Pheo a in these solvents. A similar result is obtained for the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a- reaction in BCN. However, emission from the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ reaction in the other three solvents occurs at 680 nm and corresponds more closely to normal fluorescence from optically excited Chl a. The red-shifted spectra are consistent with the formation of excimers. The ac voltammetry of Chl a in BCNmore » provides evidence that Chl a is aggregated in the ground state in this solvent. Chl a reduction shows four waves in BCN and two waves in the other three solvents. Thus, the Chl a/sup +/-Chl a/sup -/ reaction in BCN does not form a true excimer, whereas the Pheo a/sup +/-Pheo a/sup -/ reactions in each solvent do. The luminescence efficiencies of these charge-transfer neutralization reactions are discussed in terms of the geometric constraints on electron-transfer reactions in photosynthetic reaction centers. 4 figures, 3 tables.« less
A criterion for vortex breakdown

A criterion for the onset of vortex breakdown is proposed. Based upon previous experimental, computational, and theoretical studies, an appropriately defined local Rossby number is used to delineate the region where breakdown occurs. In addition, new numerical results are presented which further validate this criterion. A number of previous theoretical studies concentrating on inviscid standing-wave analyses for trailing wing-tip vortices are reviewed and reinterpreted in terms of the Rossby number criterion. Consistent with previous studies, the physical basis for the onset of breakdown is identified as the ability of the flow to sustain such waves. Previous computational results are reviewed and re-evaluated in terms of the proposed breakdown criterion. As a result, the cause of breakdown occurring near the inflow computational boundary, common to several numerical studies, is identified. Finally, previous experimental studies of vortex breakdown for both leading edge and trailing wing-tip vortices are reviewed and quantified in terms of the Rossby number criterion.
409 METHYLPARABEN (MP) CONCENTRATION IN WHOLE BLOOD FOLLOWING GENTAMICIN ADMINISTRATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS

A preservative, benzyl alcohol, has been demonstrated to accumulate to potentially toxic levels in preterm infants. Subsequently, use of benzyl alcohol has been curtailed. Parabens are also preservatives which find wide application in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, parabens have not been quantitated when given with other medications, such as gentamicin. The methyl ester of parahydroxybenzoic acid(MP), if present in sufficient concentration, may displace billrubin from albumin. A high pressure liquid chromatography technique was developed to measure MP in small(0.5ml) blood samples. MP was measured prior to and 1 hr. after an IM dose of gentamicin sulfate in prematures already receiving antibiotics. MP was present at a concentration of 1.8 mg/ml in this gentamicin preparation. The mean concentration of .23μg/ml pre-injection was not significantly different from a post-injection average concentration of .31μg/ml (n=8). The highest concentration observed(.73μg/ml) is two orders of magnitude lower than that felt to be toxic for benzyl alcohol. No significant difference was found between means using a one tailed t test. Non-accumulation with hepatic and renal compromise has yet to be demonstrated.
Comparison of kinetic models for atom recombination on high-temperature reusable surface insulation

Five kinetic models are compared for their ability to predict recombination coefficients for oxygen and nitrogen atoms over high-temperature reusable surface insulation (HRSI). Four of the models are derived using Rideal-Eley or Langmuir-Hinshelwood catalytic mechanisms to describe the reaction sequence. The fifth model is an empirical expression that offers certain features unattainable through mechanistic description. The results showed that a four-parameter model, with temperature as the only variable, works best with data currently available. The model describes recombination coefficients for oxygen and nitrogen atoms for temperatures from 300 to 1800 K. Kinetic models, with atom concentrations, demonstrate the influence of atom concentration on recombination coefficients. These models can be used for the prediction of heating rates due to catalytic recombination during re-entry or aerobraking maneuvers. The work further demonstrates a requirement for more recombination experiments in the temperature ranges of 300-1000 K, and 1500-1850 K, with deliberate concentration variation to verify model requirements.
An Oral Health Survey Instrument to Assist the Bariatric Nurse in the Early Determination of Suitable Surgery Candidacy

Abstract With the seemingly unending upward spiraling of healthcare costs, healthcare practitioners need to develop approaches to afford their patients the best possible outcomes for the lowest possible costs. This paper presents the linkages between oral disease and systemic disease and then gives bariatric nurses easily implemented and cost-effective strategies using oral disease indicators to affect better surgery outcomes.
Female Mobility and Postmarital Kin Access in a Patrilocal Society

Across a wide variety of cultural settings, kin have been shown to play an important role in promoting women’s reproductive success. Patrilocal postmarital residence is a potential hindrance to maintaining these support networks, raising the question: how do women preserve and foster relationships with their natal kin when propinquity is disrupted? Using census and interview data from the Himba, a group of semi-nomadic African pastoralists, I first show that although women have reduced kin propinquity after marriage, more than half of married women are visiting with their kin at a given time. Mobility recall data further show that married women travel more than unmarried women, and that women consistently return to stay with kin around the time of giving birth. Divorce and death of a spouse also trigger a return to living with kin, leading to a cumulative pattern of kin coresidence across the lifespan. These data suggest that patrilocality may be less of a constraint on female kin support than has been previously assumed.
Organizational factors affecting supply chains in developing countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide managers of multinational companies and researchers with a framework for investigating and effectively managing organizational factors and supply‐chain networks in lieu of conditions prevalent in developing countries.Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws from the international management, supply‐chain management, and organizational behavior literature to construct a framework and formulate propositions linking important organizational factors to supply‐chain effectiveness in developing countries.Findings – The paper reviews the literature, develops a useful framework, formulates propositions, and provides important managerial insights for supply‐chain management in developing countries.Research limitations/implications – Supply‐chain effectiveness is a broad construct in this paper. Future research might want to isolate and examine the potential effects of organizational variables on more narrow supply‐chain outcomes.Practical implications – The m...
Sources of variance in ocular microtremor.

Presents a preliminary investigation of the sources of variance in the measurement of ocular microtremor frequency in a normal population. When the results from both experienced and relatively inexperienced operators are pooled, factors that contribute significantly to the total variance include the measurement procedure (p<0.001), day-to-day variations within subjects (p<0.001), and inter-subject differences (p<0.01). Operator experience plays a role in determining the measurement precision: the intra-subject coefficient of variation is about 5% for a very experienced operator, and about 14% for a relatively inexperienced operator.
GLARE: global and local wiring aware routability evaluation

Industry routers are very complex and time consuming, and are becoming more so with the explosion in design rules and design for manufacturability requirements that multiply with each technology node. Global routing is just the first phase of a router and serves the dual purpose of (i) seeding the following phases of a router and (ii) evaluating whether the current design point is routable. Lately, it has become common to use a "light mode" version of the global router, similar to today's academic routers, to quickly evaluate the routability of a given placement. This use model suffers from two primary weaknesses: (i) it does not adequately model the local routing resources, while the model is important to remove opens and shorts and eliminate DRC violations, (ii) the metrics used to represent congestion are non-intuitive and often fail to pinpoint the key issues that need to be addressed. This paper presents solutions to both issues, and empirically demonstrates that incorporating the proposed solutions within a global routing based congestion analyzer yields a more accurate view of design routability.
Electroluminescence of the CdS, MOS diode

Abstract Low-voltage, high-current electroluminescence was examined at 77°K in diodes of the MOS variety made from single crystal of CdS. In addition to the typical CdS electroluminescent spectra, a saturation of the green emission and a large buildup of the blue emission was seen with high, increasing current densities. This effect, as well as the wavelength shifts of the emissions with current, are discussed.
Block of calcium channels in rat neurons by synthetic ω-Aga-IVA

We investigated block of voltage-dependent Ca channels in freshly dissociated rat central and peripheral neurons by the synthetic peptide ω-Aga-IVA. Synthetic ω-Aga-IVA blocked ∼90% of the high-threshold Ca current in cerebellar Purkinje neurons with an estimated Kd of ∼ 1.5 nM, slightly higher than that determined for block by toxin purified from Agelenopsis aperta venom. At 200 nM, the synthetic peptide blocked a small fraction of current in dorsal root ganglion neurons but had no effect on identified components of current carried by low-threshold T-type channels or by dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca channels. Up to 800 nM synthetic peptide had no effect on the current in sympathetic neurons, carried mainly by ω-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive N-type channels. In spinal cord neurons, the same fraction of high-threshold current was blocked by synthetic peptide or purified toxin. We conclude that synthetic ω-Aga-IVA has the same high selectivity for blocking P-type Ca channels as does toxin purified from spider venom.
A New Route for the Preparation of Substituted 2,2-Difluorostyrenes and a Convenient Route to Substituted (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)benzenes

The (2,2-difluoroethenyl)zinc reagent II is coupled with aryl iodides or bromides in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 in DMF to give the corresponding 2,2-difluorostyrenes IV. The 4-substituted (tetrafluoroaryl)copper reagents are coupled with 2,2-difluoro-1-iodoethylene (I) to produce the corresponding styrene derivatives VII. Both methods provide good yields of the coupled products. These products react with wet KF in DMF or DMSO to form the (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene derivatives VIII in good yields.
Field Verification of Model-Derived Natural Frequencies of a Drill String

Vibrations generated in a drill string while drilling generally lead to a reduction in drilling efficiency and often cause premature failure of drill string components and bit damage. It is also known that lateral vibrations, in particular, are responsible for most measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool failures while drilling. One way to increase drilling efficiency and avoid tool damage is to monitor and analyze drilling vibrations so that drilling parameters can be adjusted while drilling to reduce such vibrations. An alternative method is to analyze and determine the natural frequencies of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) so that resonant conditions caused by various excitation mechanisms in the drill string can be avoided. Even though models have been developed in the past in the drilling industry to determine the natural frequencies of a BHA, few attempts have been made to demonstrate that such models do actually help reduce vibrations or failures. This paper deals with the process of field validation of model-derived frequencies for axial, torsional and lateral vibrations. The results presented in this paper are based on the analysis of drilling data from afield test using downhole vibration measurement sensors. The downhole measurements included X and Y bending moments, axial acceleration, dynamic weight-on-bit, dynamic torque, and X and Y-axis magnetometers mounted in an MWD sub. The data analysis demonstrates that the natural frequencies predicted by the models match well with actual field (measured) values at the locations of interest, particularly for lateral vibrations. This analysis therefore shows that model derived results can be used with a degree of confidence to help avoid resonant conditions in a BHA while drilling and to help reduce failures.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : VII. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE TYPE SPECIFIC AND GROUP SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN ANTIMENINGOCOCCAL SERA OF VARIOUS SPECIES AND THEIR RELATION TO MOUSE PROTECTION.

1. The quantitative method for the estimation of agglutinins has been applied to antimeningococcal horse, rabbit, and chicken sera and to the sera of humans convalescing from meningococcus meningitis. The type-specific and group-specific agglutinin N can be measured, using homologous and heterologous suspensions of meningococci. 2. Type I horse, rabbit, and chicken antimeningococcal sera contain considerable amounts of antibody which cannot be removed either by Type II meningococcus suspension or by preparations of the Type I specific polysaccharide. This residual type-specific antibody has marked potency in protecting mice against subsequent infection with meningococci. 3. Most human convalescent sera contain group-specific antibody. Small amounts of protective antibody and of antipolysaccharide are also formed. 4. Type I antisera absorbed with Type I polysaccharide and with Type II meningococci could be used as a guide in the purification of this new antigen.
Approximate optimal controls that maximize the probability of entering a target manifold

Algorithm for optimal controls maximizing probability of linear time dependent control processes entering target manifold under random disturbances
Characterization of the Static Disorder in the B850 Band of LH2

A systematic simulation study, guided by the expressions of the first-order perturbation theory, was performed for a model of the B850 band in the light harvesting complex 2 of purple bacteria. General types of Gaussian disorder, which include diagonal, off-diagonal, coexisting but independent diagonal and off-diagonal, and correlated diagonal and off-diagonal disorder, were considered. The effects of these types of disorder were studied by calculating four quantities that characterize the energy distribution of the three lowest levels, varying the magnitude of the disorder. For all the cases considered, except for one of the correlated disorder models, a common scaling relation was found among the four quantities, which is in reasonable agreement with available low temperature experimental data. On the basis of this fact and further physical reasoning, it is concluded that the disorder in the B850 is likely Gaussian and that comparable magnitudes of both diagonal and off-diagonal disorder coexist. Three ...
The disarticulate: language, disability, and the narratives of modernity

The focus of this book is on literary representations of people with cognitive and linguistic impairments – or as Berger calls them, ‘the disarticulate.’ (He also uses the combined term ‘Dys/Disart...
Ethics by Committee: The Moral Authority of Consensus

Consensus is commonly identified as the goal of ethics committee deliberation, but it is not clear what is morally authoritative about consensus. Various problems with the concept of an ethics committee in a health care institution are identified. The problem of consensus is placed in the context of the debate about realism in moral epistemology, and this is shown to be of interest for ethics committees. But further difficulties, such as the fact that consensus at one level of discourse need not imply consensus at another, oblige us to look more closely at the deliberative process itself. That yields two complementary methods of deliberation that have proven their worth. Finally, placing ethics committees in the context of Dewey's philosophy of social intelligence suggests that consensus should be regarded primarily as a condition rather than as the goal of inquiry.
How to Go to Heaven, or How Heaven Goes? Natural Science and Interpretation in Cotton Mather's “Biblia Americana” (1693–1728)

Cotton Mather (1663–1728), New England's Puritan polymath, participated in a global academic network. In his immense commentary “Biblia Americana,” a significant untapped resource of American intellectual history, he evaluated early Enlightenment scholarship as he weighed in on such hotly debated issues as the creation story, Noah's flood, and the Mosaic miracles.
“But it's Alright, Ma, it's Life, and Life Only”: Radicalism as Survival

Hunger stole upon me so slowly at first. I was not aware of what hunger really meant [emphasis added]. Hunger had always been more or less at my elbow when I played, but now I began to wake up at night to find hunger, staring at me gauntly … this hunger baffled me, scared me, made me angry and insistent … I would grow dizzy and my vision would dim. I became less active in my play, and for the first time in my life I had to pause and think of what was happening to me. (Wright 1977)
The local mass density

An improved mass-luminosity relation for faint main-sequence stars derived from recently revised masses for some faint double stars is presented. The total local mass density is increased to nearly 0.2 solar masses per cu pc. This estimate is as large as the mass density required by Oort's (1965) dynamical analysis of stellar motions perpendicular to the galactic plane if the mass is concentrated in a narrow layer.
Choice reaction time to movement of eccentric visual targets during concurrent rotary acceleration

This study investigates the influence of concurrent rotary acceleration on choice reaction time (RT) to a small, accelerating visual cursor on a cathode-ray tube. Subjects sat in an enclosed rotating device at the center of rotation and observed a 3-mm dot accelerating at different rates across a cathode-ray tube. The dot was viewed at various eccentricities under conditions of visual stimulation alone and with concurrent rotary acceleration. Subjects responded to both vertical and horizontal dot movements. There was a significant inverse relationship between choice RT and level of dot acceleration (p less than .001), and a significant direct relationship between choice RT and eccentricity (p less than .001). There was no significant difference between choice RT to vertical or horizontal dot motion (p greater than .25), and choice RT was not significantly affected by concurrent rotary acceleration (p greater than .10). The results are discussed in terms of the effects of vestibular stimulation on choice RT to visual motion.
Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK) activity regulates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent and -independent protein kinase B activation and chemotaxis.

Chemotactic cells must sense shallow extracellular gradients and produce localized intracellular responses. We previously showed that the temporal and spatial activation of two protein kinase B (PKB) homologues, PkbA and PkbR1, in Dictyostelium discoideum by phosphorylation of activation loops (ALs) and hydrophobic motifs had important roles in chemotaxis. We found that hydrophobic motif phosphorylation depended on regulation of TorC2 (target of rapamycin complex 2); however, the regulation of AL phosphorylation remains to be determined at a molecular level. Here, we show that two PDK (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase) homologues, PdkA and PdkB, function as the key AL kinases. Cells lacking both PdkA and PdkB are defective in PKB activation, chemotaxis, and fruiting body formation upon nutrient deprivation. The pleckstrin homology domain of PdkA is sufficient to localize it to the membrane, but transient activation of PdkA is independent of PIP3 as well as TorC2 and dispensable for full function. These results confirm the importance of the TorC2-PDK-PKB pathway in chemotaxis and point to a novel mechanism of regulation of PDKs by chemoattractant.
Contributions of a long side chain to the binding affinity of an anthracene derivative to DNA.

Systematic studies on the DNA binding of a new anthracene derivative, carrying a 1,8-octyldiamine side chain, were carried out. Calorimetric, spectroscopic, and helix melting studies show that the ...
Estimation of binding constants between ristocetin and teicoplanin and peptides using on-column ligand derivatization coupled to affinity capillary electrophoresis.

This work utilizes on-column ligand synthesis and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) to determine binding constants (K b) of 9-flourenylmethyloxy carbonyl (Fmoc)-amino acid derivatives to the glycopeptide antibiotics ristocetin (Rist) and teicoplanin (Teic). In this technique, two separate plugs of sample are injected on to the capillary column and electrophoresed. The initial sample plug contains a d-Ala-d-Ala terminus peptide and either one or two non-interacting standard(s). The second plug contains a Fmoc-amino acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester. The electrophoresis is then carried out with an increasing concentration of Rist or Teic in the running buffer. Upon electrophoresis the initial d-Ala-d-Ala peptide reacts with the Fmoc-amino acid yielding a new Fmoc-amino acid-d-Ala-d-Ala peptide derivative. Continued electrophoresis results in the binding of Rist or Teic to the Fmoc-amino acid-d-Ala-d-Ala peptide derivatives. Analysis of the change in the relative migration time ratio (RMTR) or electrophoretic mobility (μ) of the Fmoc-amino acid-d-Ala-d-Ala peptide derivatives relative to the non-interacting standards, as a function of the concentration of Rist and Teic, yields a value for K b. These findings demonstrate the advantage of coupling on-column ligand synthesis to ACE for estimating binding parameters between antibiotics and ligands.
An Interactive Item Analysis Program for Objectively-Scored Tests

This paper describes a program written to analyze the results of educational tests on an interactive computer. The program accepts tape input from an optical scanner. Included in the output are (a) score lists; (b) a frequency distribution, histogram, and statistics for the total scores; (c) measures of item difficulty and discrimination; (d) option analysis; and (e) simple estimates of latent trait mental test parameters.
Does training with traditionally presented and virtually simulated tasks elicit differing changes in object interaction kinematics in persons with upper extremity hemiparesis

AbstractObjective:To contrast changes in clinical and kinematic measures of upper extremity movement in response to virtually simulated and traditionally presented rehabilitation interventions in persons with upper extremity hemiparesis due to chronic stroke.Design:Non-randomized controlled trial.Setting:Ambulatory research facility.Participants:Subjects were a volunteer sample of twenty one community-dwelling adults (mean age: 51 ± 12 years) with residual hemiparesis due to stroke more than 6 months before enrollment (mean: 74 ± 48 months), recruited at support groups. Partial range, against gravity shoulder movement and at least 10° of active finger extension were required for inclusion. All subjects completed the study without adverse events.Interventions:A 2 weeks, 24-hour program of robotic/virtually simulated, arm and finger rehabilitation activities was compared to the same dose of traditionally presented arm and finger activities.Results:Subjects in both groups demonstrated statistically significa...
Nature and administration

Marshall Dimock's considerable intellectual contribution rested on naturalistic foundations. The character of these foundations can be illustrated by considering his personal commitment to living in harmony with nature and his affinity for naturalistic philosophy. This foundation led him to challenge dominant organizational theory and conventional professional norms. His later scholarship emphasized naturalistic principles as a corrective for the crisis of the American state. This scholarship outlined a minimal administrative state that relied on the virtues and creativity of the citizenry and counseled against the heavy-handed administrative professionalism inherent in a service state.
Comparison between Prone and Supine Patient Setup for Spine Stereotactic Body Radiosurgery

This paper investigates the dosimetric characteristics of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment plans of spine patients in the prone position compared to the supine position. A feasibility study for treating spine patients in the prone position using a fiducial-less tracking method is presented. One patient with a multilevel spinal metastasis was simulated for SBRT treatment in both the supine and prone position. CT scans of the patient were acquired, and treatment plans were created using the CyberKnife® planning platform. The potential advantage of the prone setup as a function of lesion location and number of vertebral bodies involved was studied for targets extending over 1, 2 and 3 consecutive vertebral bodies in the thoracic and lumbar spine. The same process was repeated on an anthropomorphic phantom. A dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions was prescribed to 95% of the tumor volume and the dose to the cord was limited to 25 Gy. To investigate the feasibility of a fiducial-less tracking method in the prone setup, the patient was positioned prone on the treatment table and the spine motion was monitored as a function of time. Patient movement with the respiratory cycle was reduced by means of a belly-board. Plans in the prone and supine position achieved similar tumor coverage and sparing of the critical structures immediately adjacent to the spine (such as cord and esophagus). However, the prone plans systematically resulted in a lower dose to the normal structures located in the anterior part of the body (such as heart for thoracic cases; stomach, lower gastrointestinal tract and liver for lumbar cases). In addition, prone plans resulted in a lower number of monitor units compared to supine plans.
Definite descriptions and semantic memory

Subjects were exposed to sentences containing “direct” and “indirect” uses of names and definite descriptions. On a subsequent recognition test incorrect rejections tended to be of sentences involving indirect uses, and false alarms to sentences involving direct uses. This finding is contrary to the predictions of models that suggest indiscriminate substitution of names for descriptions, as do those of Anderson and Bower, and Rumelhart and Norman. The implication is that models of semantic memory must incorporate distinct intensional and extensional representations to avoid semantic distortion.
Setting global CFT standards: a critique and suggestions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to raise the question of whether the combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) arsenal following the attacks of 11 September 2001 was developed and applied too fast, to the point of being unnecessarily costly, ineffective, unfair and even counterproductive.Design/methodology/approach – An outline of two private sector contributions follows two illustrations of areas in which CFT policies may be resting on shaky assumptions, missing their targets and rendering the international community more vulnerable to extremist actions: the regulation of cross‐border fund transfers and commodities trade.Findings – Many of the control functions have been de facto outsourced to the private sector without proper guidance and accountability.Originality/value – The paper goes beyond a mere critique of current regulatory and control arrangements to suggest concrete ways in which the private sector can support the objectives of CFT policies more efficiently and productively.
Reliability of adolescents’ self-reported sexual behavior: a comparison of two diary methodologies

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate techniques for measuring high-risk sexual behaviors by comparing the reliability and acceptability of two daily sexual behavior diary modes: a written calendar and an automated telephone interview. Methods: This randomized controlled study included 105 sexually active female adolescents aged 15–19 years recruited from among teens seeking reproductive health care services at a family planning clinic in the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants completed a standardized sexual behavior questionnaire each day for 4 weeks. Contraceptive use by method type was recorded. Reporting differences between the two diary modes were assessed using generalized estimating equations, concordance of diary and retrospective interview responses was evaluated using kappa statistics, and contingency table analysis and Poisson regression models were constructed to examine mode acceptability. Results: Respondents randomized to the telephone diary cohort reported less frequent use of barrier contraceptive methods, specifically less spermicide use (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.08, 0.95), and decreasing male condom use over time, whereas reports of male condom use increased for written diary respondents ( p = .007). Participant characteristics associated with diary acceptability, defined as the frequency of diary completion, were assessed and teens classified as higher risk provided fewer diary reports ( p Conclusions: The automated telephone diary offered an acceptable, even preferred, methodologic alternative to the written diary calendar and elicited more accurate reporting of selected contraceptive behavior.