cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydroxocobalamin in Refractory Septic Shock: A Retrospective Case Series.

Refractory septic shock is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hydroxocobalamin is used to treat postoperative vasoplegia; however, data supporting its use in the setting of refractory septic shock is limited and restricted to case reports. This study evaluates the effect of hydroxocobalamin on mean arterial pressure and vasopressor requirements in a series of patients with refractory septic shock. Design Single-center, retrospective analysis. Setting Urban, tertiary-care ICU. Patients Adult ICU patients with refractory septic shock treated with hydroxocobalamin between August 2018 and January 2020. Interventions Hydroxocobalamin 5 g IV infusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-six patients were included for the analysis. Administration of hydroxocobalamin was associated with an increase in mean arterial pressure at 1, 6, and 24 hours postdose (+16.3, +14.3, and +16.3 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.001). Increase in mean arterial pressure from baseline remained statistically significant when controlling for sex, age, and comorbid conditions. There was no change in the norepinephrine equivalents patients required 1 hour following hydroxocobalamin administration, but a statistically significant decrease in norepinephrine equivalent was observed at 6 and 24 hours postdose (p < 0.001). Conclusions Hydroxocobalamin provides sustained hemodynamic benefit at 24 hours in patients with refractory septic shock.
Mobility service design via joint optimization of transit networks and demand-responsive services

Abstract This paper proposes a modeling framework to design an integrated mobility service system that is composed of a local demand-responsive transportation (DRT) component and a fixed-route transit network component. The region is partitioned into disjoint local zones, and a trip is characterized into an intra- or inter-zonal one based on whether its origin and destination belong to the same zone. The transit network provides backbone line-haul service to inter-zonal trips, while the DRT system targets intra-zonal trips as well as the first-mile and last-mile legs of inter-zonal trips. The system components can be broadly defined, and this paper considers, as examples, conventional non-shared taxi or ride-sharing for the DRT service, and regular bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), or metro for the backbone network. For quantitative analysis of the DRT services, new aspatial queuing network models are developed to capture various DRT operations for serving trips with randomly distributed origins and destinations (i.e., intra-zonal trips) and those with origins or destinations concentrated at a set of fixed transit stations (i.e., first- or last-mile trip legs) at the same time. Each queuing model is integrated with the transit network design model, through proper service region partition, to derive closed-form formulas for the agency and passenger costs. Then, we formulate constrained non-linear programs that simultaneously optimize the zone partition, the fleet size and repositioning operation for the local DRT service, as well as the spacing and headway of a grid transit network. We apply the proposed models to a variety of transit technologies and application scenarios, so as to demonstrate applicability of the models, and to show promising performance of the proposed systems.
Employee Perceptions of Supervisor Communication Competence and Associations with Supervisor Credibility

Supervisor communication competence was used to predict employee perceptions of supervisor credibility. In the study participants working in various industries completed measures of communication c...
Poziotinib for Patients With HER2 Exon 20 Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results From a Phase II Trial

PURPOSETargeted therapies against non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring HER2 mutations remain an unmet need. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of poziotinib in patients with...
The Tax System of a Free Society

Since the private sector can do just about anything better and cheaper than the government sector, it makes sense to minimize government action to the things that it can do better than the private sector. Whatever things that might be I do not know, but perhaps it can do something better. Economic efficiency will be maximized if resources are permitted to flow to their highest uses, and that means that people should be able to keep as much of their money as possible, since only they know where their money should be spent. It is condescending and an insult to take the position that some politician or unelected bureaucrat who might live thousands of miles away knows how to spend your money better than you do. Yet that is one of the arguments used to fund the federal government.
Encouraging Faculty Attendance at Professional Development Events.

For faculty development events to have the greatest impact on campus practice, faculty developers need to attract and include as many faculty members as possible at their events. This article describes the testing of a checklist regarding faculty attendance at professional development events through a survey of 238 faculty members at small colleges in the United States. The results demonstrate the influence of social relationships upon faculty attendance at teaching and learning events, the difficulties of scheduling such events, and motivational differences between full-time and adjunct faculty. The use of food as a motivator for attendance is also appraised. The relative fit of the data to the 5 attributes of E. Rogers (2003) and the 4 motives of Wergin (2001) is discussed.
The Oak Ridge relativistic isochronous cyclotron: Part II. Magnetic field design for the isochronous cyclotron

Abstract The model magnet work and design studies which resulted in the selection of a three-sector azimuthally varying magnetic field with weak spiral are described. A four-sector, tight-spiral field was also considered.
Structured Communication in Single Hop Sensor Networks

We propose a model for communication in single-hop wireless sensor networks and define and evaluate the performance of a robust, energy balanced protocol for a powerful and general routing primitive – (N,p,k 1,k 2) routing. This routing primitive represents the transfer of N packets among p nodes, where each node transmits at most k 1 packets and receives at most k 2 packets. Permutation routing is an instance of this primitive and has been recently studied by other researchers in the context of single-hop wireless radio networks. Our proposed protocol is the first to exploit the availability of a low-power control channel in addition to the “regular” data channel to achieve robustness in terms of handling node and link failures – both permanent and transient. We use a dynamic, distributed TDMA scheme for coordination over the control channel, which leads to collision-free transmissions over the data channel. The objective is to minimize overall latency, reduce per-node and overall energy consumption, and maintain energy balance. Our protocol is robust because the coordination is decentralized, there is no single point of failure, and one node failure affects only the packets destined for (and transmitted from) that particular node. Simulation results for different scenarios are presented.
The spontaneous formation of inhomogeneity in a classical one-particle “gas”: An example in silico

A single classical isoergic particle was placed in a cube and allowed to propagate for 100 ns to 10 ms. The interaction of the particle with the inner wall of the cube was modeled as a linear combination of specular and random reflection, the extent of the combination being governed by a user-defined “roughness” parameter α. As a function of α, the particle’s relative pressure and density spontaneously took on an inhomogenous distribution.
Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Embankment Response

For many types of embankments, constructed of dry or very dense sands or clayey soils, an estimate of the magnitude of the deformations which might be induced by earthquake shaking can be made from a knowledge of the yield acceleration for a potential sliding mass, the maximum acceleration induced at the crest of the dam by the earthquake and the natural period of vibration of the dam. The yield acceleration, i.e., the average acceleration at which a condition of incipient failure is induced in the potential sliding mass is determined by the strength parameters of the soil and an appropriate method of stability analysis. A simplified procedure, which enables the determination, by hand calculation, of the maximum crest acceleration and the natural period of an embankment due to a specified earthquake loading is described in this paper. The method also allows, through iteration, the use of strain dependent material properties.
Diffraction by a wedge with a face of variable impedance

[1] The two-dimensional problem of diffraction by a wedge with a face of variable impedance is explicitly solved by a probabilistic random walk method. The solution admits numerical simulation based on simple scalable algorithms with unlimited capability for parallel processing. The diffracted field is represented as a mathematical expectation of a specified functional on trajectories of random motions determined by the configuration of the problem. The solution is not significantly more difficult than a similar probabilistic solution of the problem with constant impedance faces.
Smelling the Roses

How is it that out of millions of sperm only one fertilizes an egg? In a Perspective, [Babcock][1] discusses what we know about sperm chemotaxis and introduces new work ([ Spehr et al .][2]) that identifies a receptor expressed by human sperm that may be involved in chemotaxis toward the egg. The ligand that binds to this receptor (which has not yet been identified) may be the long sought attractant released by the egg that directs and guides sperm to the site of fertilization. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5615/1993 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/299/5615/2054
Assessment of source contributions to seasonal vegetative exposure to ozone in the U.S.

[1] W126 is a cumulative ozone exposure index based on sigmoidally weighted daytime ozone concentrations used to evaluate the impacts of ozone on vegetation. We quantify W126 in the U.S. in the absence of North American anthropogenic emissions (North American background or “NAB”) using three regional or global chemical transport models for May–July 2010. All models overestimate W126 in the eastern U.S. due to a persistent bias in daytime ozone, while the models are relatively unbiased in California and the Intermountain West. Substantial difference in the magnitude and spatial and temporal variability of the estimates of W126 NAB between models supports the need for a multimodel approach. While the average NAB contribution to daytime ozone in the Intermountain West is 64–78%, the average W126 NAB is only 9–27% of current levels, owing to the weight given to high O3 concentrations in W126. Based on a three-model mean, NAB explains ~30% of the daily variability in the W126 daily index in the Intermountain West. Adjoint sensitivity analysis shows that nationwide W126 is influenced most by NOx emissions from anthropogenic (58% of the total sensitivity) and natural (25%) sources followed by nonmethane volatile organic compounds (10%) and CO (7%). Most of the influence of anthropogenic NOx comes from the U.S. (80%), followed by Canada (9%), Mexico (4%), and China (3%). Thus, long-range transport of pollution has a relatively small impact on W126 in the U.S., and domestic emissions control should be effective for reducing W126 levels.
Experience With Using Code Case 2564 to Design and Certify an Impulsively Loaded Vessel

Code Case 2564 for the design of impulsively loaded vessels was approved in January 2008. In 2010 the US Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Program, with support from Sandia National Laboratories, procured a vessel per this Code Case for use on the Explosive Destruction System (EDS). The vessel was delivered to the Army in August of 2010 and approved for use by the DoD Explosives Safety Board in 2012. Although others have used the methodology and design limits of the Code Case to analyze vessels, to our knowledge, this was the first vessel to receive an ASME explosive rating with a U3 stamp. This paper discusses lessons learned in the process. Of particular interest were issues related to defining the design basis in the User Design Specification and explosive qualification testing required for regulatory approval. Specifying and testing an impulsively loaded vessel is more complicated than a static pressure vessel because the loads depend on the size, shape, and location of the explosive charges in the vessel and on the kind of explosives used and the point of detonation. Historically the US Department of Defense and Department of Energy have required an explosive test. Currently the Code Case does not address testing requirements, but it would be beneficial if it did since having vetted, third party standards for explosive qualification testing would simplify the process for regulatory approval.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
In vitro modulation of cytokine production by lymphocytes in human coccidioidomycosis

Abstract The modulation of the cytokine response to coccidioidal antigen by lymphocytes from donors with coccidioidomycosis was examined. In initial experiments, samples from 13 healthy immune donors and seven donors with active coccidioidomycosis anergic to the coccidioidal antigen T27K were assessed for CD3 lymphocyte expression of intracellular IFN-γ using whole blood analysis. Addition of 10 ng/ml of recombinant IL-12 significantly increased response to T27K among immune and anergic subjects (p
NSTS Orbiter Auxiliary Power Unit Turbine Wheel Cracking Risk Assessment

The present investigation of turbine-wheel cracking problems in the hydrazine-fueled APU turbine wheel of the Space Shuttle Orbiter's Main Engines has indicated the efficacy of systematic probabilistic risk assessment in flight certification and safety resolution. Nevertheless, real crack-initiation and propagation problems do not lend themselves to purely analytical studies. The high-cycle fatigue problem is noted to generally be unsuited to probabilistic modeling, due to its extremely high degree of intrinsic scatter. In the case treated, the cracks appear to trend toward crack arrest in a low cycle fatigue mode, due to a detuning of the resonance model.
Meniscus repair in the anterior cruciate deficient knee.

From 1979 to 1986, isolated repair of a peripheral vascular zone meniscal tear was performed in 22 pa tients (23 menisci) who had ACL insufficiency. For various reasons none of these patients underwent re pair or reconstruction of their ACL. The meniscus repair was done by open arthrotomy in 12 cases and by arthroscopic techniques in 11 cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rate of a men iscal repair in an anterior cruciate deficient knee. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 25 years and the average followup was 56 months. Six patients (26%) had mild occasional pain not requiring medication and one patient had moderate pain requiring nonnarcotic pain medication. Eight patients (26%) had occasional giving way episodes and one of them under went ACL reconstruction 5 years later because of frequent giving way. One patient required a postoper ative manipulation for inadequate range of motion, but there were no neurovascular injuries or infections. There were three...
Bottleneck linear programming

The Bottleneck Linear Programming problem (BLP) is to maximizex0 = maxjcj,xj > 0 subject toAx = b, x ź 0. A relationship between the BLP and a problem solvable by a "greedy" algorithm is established. Two algorithms for the BLP are developed and computational experience is reported.
Isolated endogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis after immunosuppression

Purpose This study is aimed to report a case of endogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in the setting of immunosuppression from chronic steroid use.
Preweaning manganese exposure causes hyperactivity, disinhibition, and spatial learning and memory deficits associated with altered dopamine receptor and transporter levels.

Epidemiological studies in children have reported associations between elevated dietary manganese (Mn) exposure and neurobehavioral and neurocognitive deficits. To better understand the relationship between early Mn exposure and neurobehavioral deficits, we treated neonate rats with oral Mn doses of 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/d over postnatal day (PND) 1 – 21, and evaluated behavioral performance using open arena (PND 23), elevated plus maze (PND 23), and 8-arm radial maze (PND 33–46) paradigms. Brain dopamine D1 and D2-like receptors, and DAT transporter densities were determined on PND 24, and blood and brain Mn levels were measured to coincide with behavioral testing (PND 24, PND 36). Pre-weaning Mn exposure caused hyperactivity and behavioral disinhibition in the open arena, but no altered behavior in the elevated plus maze. Manganese-exposed males committed significantly more reference and marginally more working errors in the radial arm maze compared to controls. Fewer Mn exposed males achieved the radial maze learning criterion, and they required more session days to reach it compared to controls. Manganese-exposed animals also exhibited a greater frequency of stereotypic response strategy in searching for the baited arms in the maze. These behavioral and learning deficits were associated with altered expression of the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and the dopamine transporter in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum. These data corroborate epidemiological studies in children, and suggest that exposure to Mn during neurodevelopment significantly alters dopaminergic synaptic environments in brain nuclei that mediate control of executive function behaviors, such as reactivity and cognitive flexibility.
Smart Grid as a Dynamical System of Complex Networks: A Framework for Enhanced Security

Abstract From a strategic R&D viewpoint, a major challenge is posed by the lack of a unified mathematical framework with robust tools for modeling, simulation, control, and optimization of time-critical operations in smart electric power grids (spanning from fuel sources to end-use) as complex multi-component and multi-scaled networks. During the past four decades, much effort has been committed to better understanding the dynamics of large-scale power systems in order to enhance security, quality, reliability, and availability (SQRA) of the overall system. Specific attributes of SQRA are needed for electricity to meet the needs of the evolving digital society. This paper aims directly at the issue of metrics to determine security performance. It defines a framework for developing needed indices and standards for benchmarking security, quality, reliability, and availability in the future.
Approach to the Patient With Peripheral Arterial Disease

How best to approach a patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can be an intimidating and confusing task. There are few disease processes as variable in location, presentation, and severity as those seen in the vasculopath. There are many etiologies to be considered simultaneously. Ironically, it is the variability of PAD that provides an opportunity to extract a comprehensive and tightly integrated history and physical examination that is nearly unparalleled in medicine. Similarly, there are few disease processes that offer the opportunity to impact so many aspects of the patient, literally from head to toe. This article, part of a series on PAD, focuses on the initial assessment and evaluation of the PAD, with pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment addressed in accompanying articles. Each patient with PAD is unique (Table 1). Even though the pathophysiology, risk factors, location, and eventual treatment options for a patient often prove routine, the manner in which the patient presents is anything but predictable.1 We have all had the experience of taking a well-structured history (Table 2) from a textbook patient, presented to an attending physician or a colleague, and then watched and listened in disbelief as the confirmatory history is nothing at all similar to what was heard 15 minutes earlier. Unfortunately, patients do not often read the textbook. As demonstrated by McDermott and colleagues,2 the discomfort caused by PAD is more often atypical than typical. Descriptions such as “tired,” “giving way,” “sore,” and “hurts” are offered more often than “cramp.” This forces the healthcare provider to meticulously clarify the location, quality, and circumstances of the discomfort. It is not unusual that a patient reports ≥2 types and locations of discomfort. Careful consideration for pain from both orthopedic and neurogenic sources must be taken. Each symptom should be individually addressed and clarified. These …
Isolation of the gene encoding lamp-1, a lysosomal membrane protein, by differential screening in an animal model of status epilepticus

The present study employed differential library screening to identify genes associated with kainic acid (KA)-mediated selective neuronal death. One of the isolated clones was lamp-1, which encodes a major lysosomal membrane protein that is also present in the cell membrane. Following systemic KA treatment, lamp-1 was induced in vulnerable hippocampal and other limbic regions. This effect was blocked by cycloheximide (CHX) pre-treatment. Northern blot analysis also demonstrated the presence of lamp-1 transcripts in non-neural tissues. These findings suggest a novel role for lysosomal membrane proteins as markers of selective neuronal vulnerability.
Emotional Expressiveness and Marital Adjustment in Ecuador

This study investigates the relationship between emotional expressiveness and dyadic adjustment in a sample of adults from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Hypotheses were explored and tested in the following areas: the factor structure of emotional expressiveness and marital adjustment items, gender differences in emotional expressiveness, and the relationship between emotional expressiveness and marital adjustment. The factor structure in the current sample shows similar structures as a previous Latin American sample, but differing from the structures identified in U.S. samples. Women were not found to report a difference in expressiveness compared to men. Emotional expressiveness showed a strong relationship with marital adjustment, illustrating the importance of sharing positive emotions while suppressing negative ones (expression of sadness was not significant). Implications for practitioners in cross-cultural work, and possible explanations for cultural differences are discussed.
Myofibril assembly visualized by imaging N-RAP, alpha-actinin, and actin in living cardiomyocytes.

N-RAP is a striated muscle-specific scaffolding protein that organizes α-actinin and actin into symetrical I-Z-I structures in developing myofibrils. Here we determined the order of events during myofibril assembly through time-lapse confocal microscopy of cultured embryonic chick cardiomyocytes coexpressing fluorescently tagged N-RAP and either α-actinin or actin. During de novo myofibril assembly, N-RAP assembled in fibrillar structures within the cell, with dots of α-actinin subsequently organizing along these structures. The initial fibrillar structures were reminiscent of actin fibrils, and coassembly of N-RAP and actin into newly formed fibrils supported this. The α-actinin dots subsequently broadened to Z-lines that were wider than the underlying N-RAP fibril, and N-RAP fluorescence intensity decreased. FRAP experiments showed that most of the α-actinin dynamically exchanged during all stages of myofibril assembly. In contrast, less than 20% of the N-RAP in premyofibrils was exchanged during 10-20 minutes after photobleaching, but this value increased to 70% during myofibril maturation. The results show that N-RAP assembles into an actin containing scaffold before α-actinin recruitment; that the N-RAP scaffold is much more stable than the assembling structural components; that N-RAP dynamics increase as assembly progresses; and that N-RAP leaves the structure after assembly is complete.
753 AN INTRAORAL PROSTHESIS FACILITATES CONTINUOUS NOC-TURNAL FEEDINGS (CNF) IN GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES, TYPES I AND III (GSD I/III)

CNF is one of the mainstays of treatment of patients with GSD I/III. Previously, this goal has been achieved by infusing glucose-containing fluids intragastically via a nasogastric (NG) tube. However, the NG tube can be both difficult to insert and uncomfortable, is disliked by patients and parents, and occasionally leads to severe epistaxis. To avoid these problems, we have constructed an intraoral prosthesis (IOP) to facilitate CNF in GSD I/III. A piece of thin metal tubing 2mm (D) × 5mm (L) is attached to a circular orthodontic band 3mm in width and affixed to a superior 1st or 2nd molar with the tubing lying parallel to the aveolar ridge in the buccal-gingival sulcus. At night, a NG tube is pressed firmly through the IOP and its orifice positioned at the posterior end of the aveolar ridge. The. CNF is then infused at the normal rate (≤ 0.5 cc/min) and is swallowed readily during sleep. To date, one patient each with GSD I and III have been fitted with the IOP. The IOP has caused no local irritation or hemmorhage, even after nightly infusions of 40% dextrose for 6 months. Blood glucose levels and linear growth rates are equal to or better than those observed previously in the same patients using intragastric CNF. The IOP is well tolerated by both patients and parents because of its simplicity and comfort. The IOP may facilitate CNF in many patients with GSD I/III.
Book Review of Multicultural Perspectives in Social Work Practice with Families

Congress, E. P., and Gonzalez, M. J. (Eds.). (2013). Multicultural Perspectives in Social Work Practice with Families (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company (386 pp., $70.00, ISBN 978...
Varactor characteristics, oscillator tuning curves, and AM-FM conversion

A simple analysis relates the small-signal specification of a varactor's capacitance to an oscillator's tuning curve. The notion of an effective capacitance across the amplitude of oscillation is introduced. The analysis also explains how the varactor converts AM noise on the oscillation into FM, which is phase noise. The analysis is experimentally validated.
Further Observations on the Activation and Inhibition of Lipoprotein Lipase by Apolipoproteins

ApoC-II was the only apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoprotein that activated rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Activation was blocked by antiserum against apoC-II. Addition of increasing amounts of activator did not alter the apparent Km of lipoprotein lipase (0.32 mM triolein), but it did produce a progressive increase in the apparent Vmax from 0.8 to 2.2 µmoles free fatty acid/mg hour-1. Substrate concentrations above 1.27 mM triolein diminished activation by 0.25-5.0 µg/ml of apoC-II as much as 20%. Reversal of this apparent substrate inhibition was achieved by increasing the activator concentration to 50.0 µg/ml. Each of five nonactivating apolipoproteins-apoC-I, C-III-1, C-III-2, A-I, and A-II-inhibited lipoprotein lipase up to 85-100%. ApoC-II also produced less inhibition under appropriate conditions. Inhibition was dependent on apoprotein concentration, inversely related to substrate triglyceride concentration, and unobserved with nonlipoprotein proteins. The inhibitory capacity of the nonactivating apolipoproteins was about the same, was independent of apoC-II concentration, and occurred when the ratio of nonactivator apoprotein to triglyceride exceeded 3% (w/w). It is possible that these apoproteins function partly to modulate the hydrolysis of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase.
Pension Systems and Reforms in China and Russia

This paper discusses pension system reforms in China and Russia. Before the reforms, both countries had pay-as-you-go pension systems, with limited coverage, inequality across sectors, lack of portability, and unsustainable financing. Pension reforms, begun in China in 1984 and Russia in 1997, aimed to establish a three-pillar system: (1) defined benefits, (2) mandatory funding, and (3) supplementary pension. The reforms have expanded coverage, increased portability, reduced inequity, and improved labor mobility of pensions. However, the two countries face many challenges, including aging populations, a double burden on active workers, and immature capital markets.
Titrated moderately suprathreshold vs fixed high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: acute antidepressant and cognitive effects.

Background The antidepressant and cognitive side effects of right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are reported to depend on the magnitude of the electrical stimulus relative to the seizure threshold. The stimulus doses explored in previous clinical trials of RUL ECT have generally been limited to 1 to 2.5 times the convulsive threshold and the antidepressant efficacy has been low compared with bilateral (BL) ECT. The present study compares the antidepressant and cognitive side effects of 2 RUL dosing strategies: titrated moderately suprathreshold and fixed high dose. Methods Seventy-two adult patients with major depression were randomized to either titrated RUL ECT at 2.25 times initial seizure threshold (mean dose, 136 millicoulombes [mC]), or RUL ECT at a fixed dose of 403 mC. Primary outcome measures were antidepressant response and cognitive status 1 or 2 days after the course of ECT. Results The 2 treatment groups were comparable in demographic and clinical characteristics prior to ECT. Both groups received a mean of 5.7 sessions of RUL ECT. Patients receiving fixed-dose ECT were more likely to have an antidepressant response at the end of the protocol (n=49 [67%]) compared with those receiving titrated dosing (n=28 [39%]). Furthermore, the likelihood of both antidepressant response and cognitive deficits increased as stimulus dose increased relative to initial seizure threshold, up through 8 to 12 times the threshold. Conclusions The antidepressant efficacy and cognitive side effects of RUL ECT are dependent on the magnitude of the stimulus dose relative to the seizure threshold, and a dose-response relationship extends through at least 12 times the seizure threshold.
Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Phencyclidine and ketamine induce a syndrome closely resembling schizophrenia due to their blockade of N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These findings suggested that some aspects of schizophrenia are associated with decreased NMDA–glutamatergic function. We hypothesized that structural and symptomatic deficits in schizophrenia are related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Methods: We studied the relationships among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamatergic markers, clinical presentation of schizophrenia, and CT parameters of brain structure in drug-free schizophrenics. Results: We found no significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls in CSF glutamatergic markers. When patients with schizophrenia were considered as a group, significant negative correlations between glutamatergic markers and brain structural measures as well as clinical measures were observed. Cluster analysis reveals a group of lower indices of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and more prominent thought disorder as well as ventricular enlargement, and a group with increased glutamate level. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in the brain structure and the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.
STRANGENESS 2 MESON

The existence of a D-particle is interpreted from several anomalous events observed by different groups, The values given for the mass of the D- particle vary from 640 to 750 Mev. (C.J.G.)
Theoretical Effect of Temperature on Threshold in the Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Model

In the squid giant axon, Sjodin and Mullins (1958), using 1 msec duration pulses, found a decrease of threshold with increasing temperature, while Guttman (1962), using 100 msec pulses, found an increase. Both results are qualitatively predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The threshold vs. temperature curve varies so much with the assumptions made regarding the temperature-dependence of the membrane ionic conductances that quantitative comparison between theory and experiment is not yet possible. For very short pulses, increasing temperature has two effects. (1) At lower temperatures the decrease of relaxation time of Na activation (m) relative to the electrical (RC) relaxation time favors excitation and decreases threshold. (2) For higher temperatures, effect (1) saturates, but the decreasing relaxation times of Na inactivation (h) and K activation (n) factor accommodation and increased threshold. The result is a U-shaped threshold temperature curve. R. Guttman has obtained such U-shaped curves for 50 µsec pulses. Assuming higher ionic conductances decreases the electrical relaxation time and shifts the curve to the right along the temperature axis. Making the conductances increase with temperature flattens the curve. Using very long pulses favors effect (2) over (1) and makes threshold increase monotonically with temperature.
Exponentially convergent control laws for nonholonomic systems in power form

Abstract This paper introduces a method for constructing exponentially convergent control laws for n -dimensional nonholonomic systems in power form. The methodology is based on the construction of a series of nested invariant manifolds for the closed-loop system under a linear control law. A recursive algorithm is presented which uses these manifolds to construct a three-dimensional system in power form. It is shown that the feedback controller for the original system is the one for this three-dimensional system with a proper choice of the gains.
Automated Music Training: Final Report on Phase One

AUTOMATED MUSIC TRAINING refers to a longterm project designed to examine the elements of music with a view tcy using automated techniques in combination with programed instructional methods to offer training in each element.l Rhythm was selected as the first element to be presented, since it is readily adaptable to automated precision techniques. A two-year experimental study was conducted with the aid of funds from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation and the U.S. Office of Education. This article describes this first phase of the large project and gives conclusive evidence of the effectiveness and validity of an automated rhythm training program.2 Initially, it was felt that an electronic device could more accurately and objectively read student rhythmic response than could a human teacher, thereby improving rhythmic training and relieving the teacher of a tiresome task. However, pitfalls were immediately apparerlt. Could rhythm training be treated separately without detrimental fragmentation? With the teacher absent, how could the student be informed as to tlie acceptability of his response? Would electronic circuitry demand a degree of precision that the student could not match? How could the student response be made as musical as possible? After careful consideration, a training program was predicated on satisfactory answers to those questions. The training equipment consisted of four basic components: (1) the printed manual read by the student, (2) an electric organ, (3) an electronic rhythm monitor,3 and (4) a stereo tape recorder equipped
Benefits of Providing Home Care at the Community Hospital Level to High Risk Neonates by Using Specially Trained Nursing Staff 1029

Benefits of Providing Home Care at the Community Hospital Level to High Risk Neonates by Using Specially Trained Nursing Staff 1029
Noise Measurements In Self-Oscillating Mixers

Noise measurements on the self-oscillating mixer at 60 GHz have been made in both GaAs and InP Gnn devices. These devices were fabricated using an image guide design as the transmission media. The double side-band noise figure and conversion characteristics were measured and it is shown that the noise performance of these devices make them attractive for application where low cost, simplicity in circuitry, and small physical size are important factors.
Protein kinase C-mediated enhancement of NMDA currents by metabotropic glutamate receptors in Xenopus oocytes

1. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain RNA. The modulation of NMDA-induced currents was examined by activating protein kinase C (PKC) either directly (using phorbol esters) or indirectly (via metabotropic glutamate agonists). 2. Bath application of the PKC activator, 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) resulted in a two-fold increase in the NMDA-evoked current at all holding potentials examined (-80 to 0 mV). The inactive (alpha) stereoisomer of phorbol ester was ineffective. 3. The increase was observed under conditions that eliminate the oocyte's endogenous calcium-dependent chloride current, which often contributes to the NMDA response in oocytes. 4. The PDBu effect was specific to the NMDA subclass of glutamate receptors in that no increase was observed in the responses to two other glutamate agonists, kainate and AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid). 5. Stimulation of PKC by activation of metabotropic receptors via either quisqualate or trans-ACPD (trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) also led to an increase in NMDA currents. 6. Both methods of enhancement induced transient effects. PDBu effects lasted 10-45 min, depending upon both dose and length of application. Quisqualate and trans-ACPD effects were shorter, lasting less than 10 min under these conditions of application. 7. Both methods of enhancement were blocked by the PKC inhibitor, staurosporine. In addition, the phorbol ester-induced enhancement of NMDA responses occluded further enhancement by quisqualate. 8. The results suggest a role for metabotropic glutamate receptors in modulation of NMDA-mediated processes.
The infant's theory of self-propelled objects ☆

"Theory of mind" is treated as a modular component of human social behavior and an attempt is made to find the origins of this component in the perception of the infant. According to the theory I describe here, the infant assigns a high priority to changes in motion and divides the world into two kinds of objects on the basis of this criterion: those that are and those that are not self-propelled. How the infant perceives these two kinds of objects is described by four basic assumptions. First, when the state of motion of a nonself-propelled object is changed by another object, the infant's principal hard-wired perception is causality; when a self-propelled object changes its motion without assistance from another object the infant's principal hard-wired perception is intention. Second, if two self-propelled objects are related in a special way--a relation called the BDR sequence--the infant perceives not only intentional movement but also one object as having the goal of affecting the other object. Third, the BDR sequence has a more powerful consequence: the infant perceives that the affected object intends to reciprocate. Fourth, the infant expects that reciprocation will preserve valence (not form), where valence is formulated either as the preservation/denial of liberty, or as an aesthetic response.
Importance of combining convection with film cooling

The interaction of film and convection cooling and its effect on wall cooling efficiency is investigated analytically for two cooling schemes for advanced gas turbine applications. The two schemes are full coverage- and counterflow-film cooling. In full coverage film cooling, the cooling air issues from a large number of small discrete holes in the surface. Counterflow film cooling is a film-convection scheme with film injection from a slot geometry. The results indicate that it is beneficial to utilize as much of the cooling air heat sink as possible for convection cooling prior to ejecting it as a film.
Social behavior deficits in the Fmr1 mutant mouse.

Abstract Mice exhibiting deficits in social behavior may provide valuable models for autistic-like behavioral problems. We tested social interactions in male mice from three inbred strains: C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cJ (C) and DBA/2J (D2). All three strains showed gradual habituation of the number of social interactions with an ovariectomized female over four subsequent 2 min sessions, returning to initial levels when presented with another stimulus mouse. Next, we studied males with a knockout mutation in the Fmr1 gene on a B6 background. KO animals showed strongly reduced levels of social interaction, which were about similar as those of habituated controls. This social behavior deficit suggests that Fmr1 KO mice could possibly be used as models for autistic behaviors.
Multivalent Vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection that cause severe economic burden in several parts of the world. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection in human. Multidrug therapy is effective, however, requires annual treatment and there is significant concern of drug resistance. In this manuscript we describe development of a multivalent DNA based vaccine comprising BmALT-2 and BmHSP antigens of lymphatic filariasis. Challenge experiments using third stage infective larvae of Brugia malayi in a mouse model suggested that nearly 90% protection can be achieved using the multivalent formulation in a DNA prime protein boost approach. The vaccination regimen induced significant IgG antibody responses and ELISPOT analysis for secreted cytokines from the spleen cells of vaccinated animals showed that these cells produce significant amount of IL-4. Results from this study thus show that a multivalent vaccine formulation of BmALT-2 and BmHSP is an excellent vaccine for lymphatic filariasis and significant protection can be achieved against a challenge infection with B. malayi in a mouse model.
Aspects of sentence retrieval

Sentence Retrieval is the task of retrieving a relevant sentence in response to a query, a question, or a reference sentence. Tasks such as question answering, summarization, novelty detection, and information provenance make use of a sentence-retrieval module as a preprocessing step. The performance of these systems is dependent on the quality of the sentence-retrieval module. Other tasks such as information extraction and machine translation operate on sentences, either using them as training data, or as the unit of input or output (or both), and may benefit from sentence retrieval to build a training corpus, or as a post-processing step.
Second Discontinuity in the Yrast Levels of Er 158

Discrete yrast transitions from states with spins up to $I=38$ have been observed in $^{158}\mathrm{Er}$ via the reaction $^{122}\mathrm{Sn}(^{40}\mathrm{Ar}, 4n\ensuremath{\gamma})$. In addition to the pronounced backbend at $I=14$ and the upbend at $I=28$ previously known, the start of a third yrast discontinuity at $I=38$ is indicated. Candidates for the $I=40$ state are suggested and possible causes of the yrast discontinuity are discussed.
Evidence for positronium-like Bloch states in quartz single crystals

Abstract The influence of a magnetic field on the narrow peaks in the 2γ angular distribution from e + annihilation in quartz was studied. The resulting quenching and polarization effects are interpreted as evidence for positronium-like Bloch states.
Interference between enteroviruses and conditions effecting its reversal

Abstract Interference between several immunologic types of enteroviruses was studied and found to involve a 10-fold to 100-fold reduction in the rate of synthesis of challenge virus RNA. Interference between equal multiplicities of virus was not induced unless interfering virus was allowed to replicate for approximately 1 hour before challenge, indicating that the phenomenon involves an intracellular event. Interference induced by a guanidine-sensitive virus was shown to be reversible when resistant cells were challenged with a guanidine-resistant mutant in the presence of guanidine. In addition, interference occurred normally when a mutant of the interfering virus was used as the challenge. These results support a hypothesis that this type of interference among virulent enteroviruses is due to competition for substrate or for replicating sites, and is not due to a stable interferon-like protein. When interfering virus was allowed to replicate for 3–4 1 2 hours prior to challenge with a homologous or heterologous guanidine-resistant virus, the replication of the second virus was not accelerated. These results demonstrate that superinfection of “primed” cells (those in which molecules involved in early viral synthesis were already present) did not accelerate replication of the challenge virus.
Energy split in multicomponent grinding

Abstract An energy split factor is defined as the ratio of energies expended when unit-mass of a mineral is ground in a mixture environment and ground alone for the same time interval. Provided the grinding path of a mixture component remains invariant in the two grinding modes and the mill power-breakage rate function correlation holds, the energy split factor can be computed from breakage rate functions or initial rates of production of fines or from data for top-size feed particles remaining unbroken as a function of time. The concept of energy split factor is highly useful for analyzing different aspects of mixture grinding. The principal implications of the analysis presented here lie in a rational and self-consistent integration of the energetics and kinetics of mixture grinding, and in the insight into hard and soft minerals interaction obtained by tracking the energy split factors of the constituents as a function of time. For illustration and verification, three sets of mixture grinding data have been employed, namely, calcite-quartz and hematite-quartz, both in 1:1 volume ratio, and dolomitehematite in four different compositions.
Functional analysis of LHβ knockout mice

Abstract LH and FSH act on gonadal cells to regulate steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. To model human reproductive disorders involving loss of LH function and to define LH-responsive genes, we produced knockout mice lacking the hormone-specific LHβ subunit. LHβ null mice are viable but demonstrate postnatal defects in gonadal growth and function resulting in infertility. Mutant males have decreased testes size, a block in Leydig cell differentiation, and a reduction in serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels. Furthermore, spermatogenesis is blocked at the round spermatid stage resulting in a total absence of the elongated spermatids. Mutant female mice are hypogonadal and demonstrate decreased levels of serum estradiol and progesterone. Ovarian histology reveals normal thecal layer, defects in folliculogenesis including many degenerating antral follicles and absence of corpora lutea. The defects in both sexes are not secondary to aberrant FSH regulation, since FSH levels were unaffected in null mice. Finally, the null mice can be pharmacologically rescued by exogenous hCG indicating that LH-responsiveness of the target cells is not irreversibly lost. Thus, LHβ null mice provide a useful model to study the consequences of an isolated deficiency of LH ligand in reproduction, while retaining normal LH-responsiveness in target cells.