cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Source strength impact analysis on polymer insulator flashover under contaminated conditions and a comparison with porcelain

A mathematical model that considers the source-insulator interaction is presented for modeling flashover of polymer and porcelain insulators under contaminated conditions. The model is shown to be capable of handling polymer insulators with varying degrees of surface wettability or hydrophobicity. While a powerful source such as a practical power system causes insulator flashover performance to be lower than what can be expected from standard laboratory test, the relative reduction is more significant for porcelain than for polymer insulators. Line post and suspension insulators up to 500 kV have been considered for this study.
Future Directions in Kawasaki Disease Research

After almost five decades since the publication of Dr. Kawasaki’s landmark paper in 1967, the etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) and many aspects of its pathophysiology remain obscure [1, 2]. Although there are over 5000 articles in the English-language, peer-reviewed literature on various aspects of KD, there remain many important unanswered questions. To discover the best path forward, it may be instructive to look at how progress has been achieved in the past.
Survival After Rituximab-Based Chemoimmunotherapy In Older Patients With Follicular, Nodal Marginal Zone and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: Analysis Of SEER-Medicare Data

Background Indolent B-cell lymphomas differ in clinical features yet treatments for the nodular marginal zone (NMZL) and small lymphocytic (SLL) subtypes often follow paradigms for follicular lymphoma (FL). In predominantly younger FL patients, the FOLL05 randomized trial (Federico et al., J Clin Oncol 2013;31;1506) demonstrated differences between different rituximab-based regimens in progression-free but not overall survival (OS). The objective of our study was to evaluate heterogeneity of survival outcomes after initial chemotherapy in older patients with FL, NMZL and SLL using a population-wide database. Methods We extracted clinicopathologic, treatment and survival data on FL, NMZL and (nodal) SLL cases diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database. We excluded patients diagnosed at age Results We identified 24,714 patients with a median age of 75y of whom 71% had complete Medicare claims. Median survival was 6.7y in FL, 6.1y in NMZL and 4.9y in SLL. Rituximab-based regimens were administered in 6,993 patients at median 2 months since diagnosis. The most common therapy was single-agent R (40%) followed by RCHOP (26%). The median number of cycles was: 6 for RCHOP/RCVP, 5 for RFM, and 3 for RF/RFC. After adjustment for multiple clinical and demographic confounders, initial treatment with fludarabine-containing regimens, compared with RCHOP, was associated with significantly worse OS in FL and NMZL (Table). Conversely, in SLL there were no significant differences, even with R alone. The OS advantage of RCHOP in FL/NMZL persisted in alternative, propensity score-based models. The hospitalization rate after RF (27%) was lower than after RCHOP (32%) with a relative risk, RR, of 0.71 (95%CI, 0.61-0.82, P P P =.003), transfusion (RR .68, P =0.0003) or admission to a critical care unit (RR .68, P =.009), but with a similar risk of cardiac event (RR 1.03, P =.84). All adverse events were significantly less common after R alone ( P Conclusions Initial treatment with fludarabine-based regimens is associated with inferior OS compared with RCHOP in older patients with FL and NMZL despite higher rates of complications during RCHOP therapy. In SLL, different chemoimmunotherapy regimens are associated with similar survival outcomes. Optimal initial treatment choices for indolent B-cell lymphomas in this age group should be individualized, balancing the OS benefits, life expectancy and risks of serious toxicity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Screening Bioactives Reveals Nanchangmycin as a Broad Spectrum Antiviral Active against Zika Virus

Zika virus is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus for which there are no vaccines or specific therapeutics. We screened a library of 2,000 bioactive compounds for their ability to block Zika virus infection in three distinct cell types with two different strains of Zika virus. Using a microscopy-based assay, we validated 38 drugs that inhibited Zika virus infection, including FDA-approved nucleoside analogs. Cells expressing high levels of the attachment factor AXL can be protected from infection with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while placental-derived cells that lack AXL expression are insensitive to this inhibition. Importantly, we identified nanchangmycin as a potent inhibitor of Zika virus entry across all cell types tested, including physiologically relevant primary cells. Nanchangmycin also was active against other medically relevant viruses, including West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses that use a similar route of entry. This study provides a resource of small molecules to study Zika virus pathogenesis.
A Rover's Geologic Field Campaign: Exploration of the Kimberley by Curiosity

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover undertook comprehensive exploration of the Kimberley waypoint within Gale crater, Mars in order to understand its context within the larger geologic picture of Gale crater and its evidence for past Martian habitability. Coordinated observations from Curiosity's rich science payload revealed important insights into new Martian crustal compositions, the prevalence and diversity of sedimentary processes within Gale crater, and surface erosion rates. Exploration at the Kimberley, in part informed by a decade of orbital observations of Gale crater, underscored the critical synergy between landed and orbital observations and furthered understanding of complex geological processes on Mars.
Clustering of Food Intake Images into Food and Non-food Categories

For dietary assessment, food images could be useful to identify foods, portion sizes and estimate calorie in meals, either by human nutritionists or through image recognition. Images captured by a wearable camera during eating may include both food and non-food images. To avoid reviewing each image, only informative food images should be included in the analysis and non-food image should be discarded. This study proposed a methodology for clustering of food images into food and non-food groups based on histogram matching, without explicit recognition of the image content. Data was collected from 7 participants wearing an eyeglasses camera. A total of 10 meals were recorded at the sampling rate of 5 s, yielding a total of 1077 images. Each image was labeled by a human rater as a food or non-food image. Histogram matching with Bhattacharyya distance was applied to form a similarity matrix for extracted images from each meal. Both k-means and affinity propagation (AP) algorithms were investigated to cluster the images. Results show that the overall average food image clustering accuracy in respect to human annotation for 10 videos was 0.93 ± 0.04 for AP and 0.90 ± 0.03 for k-means. Similarly, overall average non-food image clustering accuracy was 0.81 ± 0.06 for AP and 0.70 ± 0.09 k-means method.
A 60-GHz CMOS Transceiver With On-Chip Antenna and Periodic Near Field Directors for Multi-Gb/s Contactless Connector

A 60-GHz-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave)-wireless-interconnect (M2W2-I) with noncoherent amplitude shift-key (ASK) modulation is presented for applications in multigigabit ultrashort distance contactless connector. M2W2-I modulates data at mm-wave frequencies and transmits over the air in a very short distance (5 mm or less). A folded-dipole antenna is designed on-chip for a compact package form-factor, and a periodic near field director (PNFD) is inserted between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) to enhance a communication distance. Designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the M2W2-I achieves 5 Gb/s with 0.5 mm separation of air-coupling and 5.7-Gb/s 5-mm separation through a PNFD inserted channel. The measured energy efficiency is 7 pJ/bit using a PNFD.
The Relationship Between Marijuana and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Behavior from Early Adolescence to Adulthood

Longitudinal analyses investigated (a) the co-occurrence of marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking within time and (b) bidirectional associations between marijuana and conventional cigarette use in three developmental periods: adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional model of marijuana and conventional cigarette smoking frequency from ages 13 to 33 years. The bidirectional model accounted for gender, school-age economic disadvantage, childhood attention problems, and race. Marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking were associated within time in decreasing magnitude and increased cigarette smoking predicted increased marijuana use during adolescence. A reciprocal relationship was found in the transition from young adulthood to adulthood, such that increased conventional cigarette smoking at age 24 years uniquely predicted increased marijuana use at age 27 years, and increased marijuana use at age 24 years uniquely predicted more frequent conventional cigarette smoking at age 27 years, even after accounting for other factors. The association between marijuana and cigarette smoking was found to developmentally vary in the current study. Results suggest that conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts in adolescence and young adulthood could potentially lower the public health impact of both conventional cigarette smoking and marijuana use. Findings point to the importance of universal conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts among adolescents as a way to decrease later marijuana use and suggest that a prevention effort focused on young adults as they transition to adulthood would lower the use of both cigarette and marijuana use.
A Direct Method for Estimating Tangential and Normal Accelerations of Maneuvering Targets in Three Dimensional Space

Abstract A nonlinear state model describing tangential and normal acceleration maneuvers of targets in three dimensional space is established. The magnitude of tangential and normal accelerations are modeled as modified Rayleigh-Markov processes, and the directive angle of normal acceleration is modeled as a uniform density with variable mean-value. In case only noisy position observation data are available, an adaptive extended Kalman filtering algorithm is developed and therefrom a direct method of estimating tangential and normal accelerations of maneuvring targets is obtained. some computational results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of this method.
CALCULATIONS OF BIOELECTRIC POTENTIALS : II. THE CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL OF KCl IN NITELLA.

Cells of Nitella have been studied which behave differently from those described in earlier papers. They show unexpectedly large changes in P.D. with certain concentrations of KCl. This is due to the production of action currents (these are recorded at the spot where KCl is applied). A method is given for the separate evaluation of changes of P.D. due to partition coefficients and those due to mobilities. A new amplifier and an improved flowing contact are described.
Koch’s Bacillus: Was There a Technological Fix?

As is well known, international congresses of scientists and scholars may be the occasion for the formal announcement of an important breakthrough in knowledge, or a report on some well-established achievement, as well as the opportunity for the social exchange and cultural development of participants. And though international meetings may be welcomed by the host city, the public does not ordinarily attend the working sessions or become involved in the scientific controversies that occasionally erupt. International congresses were in some respects similar a hundred years ago, but the ordinary citizen of that time found them more interesting, and frequently attended sessions in the gallery or back of the room, later commenting on the conduct of participants and the significance of the discussion.
Anticipated Criticism/Rejection and Negative Self-Appraisals: Do They Independently Predict OCD Symptoms and the Negative Significance of Intrusive Thoughts?

Cognitive theories of OCD posit that individuals who develop clinically significant obsessions tend to make distorted appraisals of the negative significance of unwanted intrusive thoughts. To date, most research has focused on the implications that unwanted intrusive thoughts have for negative self-appraisals (e.g., being bad, mad, or dangerous). By contrast, the possible relationship between obsessional symptoms and expectations about the negative reactions of others to the intrusive thoughts has received little attention. The present studies provide evidence that anticipating negative reactions from others is predictive of the general negative significance of intrusive thoughts and adds to our ability to predict OCD symptoms. Using a sample of college student participants (N = 277), the first study found evidence that the expected negative reactions of other individuals contribute to the prediction of significant unique variance in both OCD symptoms and the negative significance of intrusive thoughts in college students. In a second study (M = 177), it was found that attributing malevolent traits (e.g., vengeful) to others accounted for significant variance in OCD symptoms, over and above the variance explained by the negative significance of thoughts. However, they did not account for variance in the negative significance of intrusive thoughts.
Operative Complications and Their Management Following Resection for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancers

Surgical resection of pancreatic and periampullary tumors remains the only potentially curative therapy available to patients with these tumors. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex operation and is associated with considerable morbidity, but low mortality when performed at high-volume centers. Improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management have led to a significant decrease in the mortality; however the rate of postoperative complications remains high. Currently, approximately half of all patients undergoing PD experience postoperative complication. The most common complications include postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE) followed by surgical site infections (SSIs), and postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH). Less common complications include biliary complications, chyle leakage, cardiac events, and pulmonary complications. These complications have been associated with impact on quality of life of patients, increased length of stay, delay in receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy, and increased healthcare costs. Multiple surgical and nonsurgical interventions have been proposed and studied to reduce the rate of these complications. In this chapter we discuss the literature available on prevention, early diagnosis, and management of these complications. We also list the currently active clinical trials being performed to study these complications further.
ON THE UNLIKELIHOOD OF SPECIFIC LONG RANGE FORCES IN IMMUNOLOGIC AND ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

In the past few years, a great many experiments have been performed by Rothen (24, 25) which he has interpreted as suggesting that antigen and antibody, and enzyme and substrate proteins, can react specifically, although separated by distances of hundreds of angstroms. This hypothesis seems to conflict with evidence accumulated from many other investigations indicating that short range interactions, involving distances usually associated with electrostatic and van der Waals’ forces, and hydrogen bonds, of the order of 5 A, operate in these reactions. We have therefore engaged in a critical analysis of the experimental techniques used by Rothen to determine whether some interpretation other than that invoking the existence of specific long range forces could be found to explain his experimental results.
Constitutional challenges to child witness protection legislation: an update

The Supreme Court's landmark decision in Maryland v. Craig created some uncertainty about the state constitutionality of child witness protection legislation. This article briefly discusses the current status of child witness protection legislation in light of recent litigation, focusing on Illinois. Conclusions are drawn concerning the likely future course of litigation affecting child witness protection legislation in other jurisdictions. Language: en
Learning by Designing Homemade PowerPoint Games

There are two fundamental ways to approach the use of gaming in education: playing games or designing games. In this chapter, we take the second path and discuss how to use an almost ubiquitous software tool in the schools — PowerPoint — with children in the design of original games. In these games, students put school’s content to use in ways perceived to be meaningful and authentie to them. Game design capitalizes on the natural design instincts of children. Children are natural game designers who tacitly know at deep levels what makes a good game and what makes agame fun. Turning over to them the challenge of designing agame that also teaches something is a worthy design goal and is aligned with the goals of schools and teachers. We discuss the balance between learning and motivation that must occur in the act of design and use play theory and flow theory to help explain this. Good games provide among the best exampies of cognitive psychology in action: authentie goals situated in a meaningful and motivating activity with clear and consistent feedback. However, ideas and approaches, no matter how innovative, which cannot meet the practical demands and limitations of a typical school are doomed to failure. Consequently, our approach meets head-on the issue of scalability, that is, having the idea take hold and flourish within the limited resources of a typical school with teachers who already have too many expectations placed on them.
Identity-safe or threatening? Perceptions of women-targeted diversity initiatives:

One strategy for addressing gender disparities in STEM and leadership focuses on women-targeted diversity initiatives, such as women’s networking groups and women’s leadership development programs....
The effect of divalent cations on the thermostability of type II polyketide synthase acyl carrier proteins

The successful engineering of biosynthetic pathways hinges on understanding the factors that influence acyl carrier protein (ACP) stability and function. The stability and structure of ACPs can be influenced by the presence of divalent cations, but how this relates to primary sequence remains poorly understood. As part of a course-based undergraduate research experience, we investigated the thermostability of type II polyketide synthase (PKS) ACPs. We observed an approximate 40 °C range in the thermostability amongst the 14 ACPs studied, as well as an increase in stability (5 - 26 °C) of the ACPs in the presence of divalent cations. Distribution of charges in the helix II-loop-helix III region was found to impact the enthalpy of denaturation. Taken together, our results reveal clues as to how the sequence of type II PKS ACPs relates to their structural stability, information that can be used to study how ACP sequence relates to function.
Abstract WP378: Sleep Duration and Aortic Stiffness: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Large-arterial stiffness is recognized as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Self-reported short and long habitual sleep duration has been implicated in increased arterial stiffness. However, studies that use objective assessments of sleep duration while accounting for confounding effects of sleep apnea are scarce. We examined the association between habitual sleep duration, as assessed by actigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- based aortic stiffness, controlling for other CV risk factors including sleep apnea. Method: We included participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had undergone MRI assessment of aortic distensibility and a sleep study. Sleep duration was assessed by wrist actigraphy for 7-days and aortic stiffness by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), ascending aorta distensibility (AAD), and descending aorta distensibility (DAD) using MRI. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between sleep duration (defined as: short:<...
The Flu Epidemic of 1918: America's Experience in the Global Health Crisis

In 1918, a devastating world-wide influenza epidemic hit the United States. Killing over 600,000 Americans and causing the national death rate to jump 30% in a single year, the outbreak obstructed the country's participation in World War I and imposed terrible challenges on communities across the United States. This epidemic provides an ideal lens for understanding the history of infectious disease in the United States. The Flu Epidemic of 1918 examines the impact of the outbreak on health, medicine, government, and individual people's lives, and also explores the puzzle of Americans' decades-long silence about the experience once it was over. In a concise narrative bolstered by primary sources including newspaper articles, eye-witness accounts, and government reports, Sandra Opdycke provides undergraduates with an unforgettable introduction to the 1918 epidemic and its after-effects. Critical Moments in American History is a series of short texts designed to familiarize students with events or issues critical to the American experience. Through the use of narrative and primary documents, these books help instructors deconstruct an important moment in American history with the help of timelines, glossaries, textboxes, and a robust companion website.
Monitoring Alliance and Outcome with Client Feedback Measures

The therapeutic alliance is foundational to counseling practice and has amassed strong empirical support as being essential for successful counseling. Counselors generally rely on their own perspective when assessing the quality of the alliance, though the client's perspective has been found to be a better predictor of outcome. Formal methods for eliciting client feedback about the alliance and counseling outcomes have been strongly supported in the literature, yet such limitations as time constraints hinder counselor efforts to gather formal client feedback. Two ultra-brief measures of alliance and outcome, the Session Rating Scale and the Outcome Rating Scale, are feasible methods for counselors to secure client feedback. This article reviews the two measures and makes a case for using empirical means to understand adult clients' views of the therapeutic alliance.
Scalable Motor Movement Recognition from Electroencephalography using Machine Learning

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive and inexpensive means of monitoring brain activity. Because of the low-cost, noninvasive nature of EEG, it may be useful for classification of motor movements when a patient controls a prosthetic device. However, due to the high velocity nature of EEG recordings, the data used in such a classification are often large and may take a long time to process on a local, non-distributed computer. Here we explore the use of a distributed computing architecture for storage and processing of EEG data. We evaluate the classification of EEG recordings during hand movements. We find that processing these data on a distributed system results in much faster classification times (e.g., 726 seconds versus 3925 seconds) without limiting accuracy (e.g., AUC of 0.85).
Transradial Artery Access Complications.

Transradial access (TRA) is favored over transfemoral access for performing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention due to the reduced risk for vascular and bleeding complicatio...
The distribution and spread of naturally occurring Medea selfish genetic elements in the United States

Selfish genetic elements (SGEs) are DNA sequences that are transmitted to viable offspring in greater than Mendelian frequencies. Medea SGEs occur naturally in some populations of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and are expected to increase in frequency within populations and spread among populations. The large-scale U.S. distributions of Medea-4 (M4) had been mapped based on samples from 1993 to 1995. We sampled beetles in 2011-2014 and show that the distribution of M4 in the United States is dynamic and has shifted southward. By using a genetic marker of Medea-1 (M1), we found five unique geographic clusters with high and low M1 frequencies in a pattern not predicted by microsatellite-based analysis of population structure. Our results indicate the absence of rigid barriers to Medea spread in the United States, so assessment of what factors have limited its current distribution requires further investigation. There is great interest in using synthetic SGEs, including synthetic Medea, to alter or suppress pest populations, but there is concern about unpredicted spread of these SGEs and potential for populations to become resistant to them. The finding of patchy distributions of Medea elements suggests that released synthetic SGEs cannot always be expected to spread uniformly, especially in target species with limited dispersal.
Tolerance Induction by Neonatal Gene Delivery

Advances in the design and efficiency of gene delivery vectors have enabled the initiation of clinical trials in gene therapy for genetic and other disorders. However, the development of inhibitory immune responses to vector antigens and to therapeutic proteins remains an obstacle. Efforts to limit these immune responses by immunosuppressive and immuno-modulatory approaches have met with limited success. Our approach is to deliver and express viral vectors early in immune ontogeny and thereby induce immune tolerance to both vectors and therapeutic proteins. We have previously shown that in utero delivery of AAV-2 vectors produces lifelong gene expression without immune responses, and that augmented levels of gene expression are achieved with re-administration of AAV vectors. Because fetal injections are limited by technical issues, our current focus is to use a neonatal model for defining the critical period when tolerance to vector and transgene may be achieved by primary injection. We are also exploring mechanisms of tolerance induction to neo-antigens. We have delivered AAV serotypes 1 and 8 with higher transduction efficiencies than AAV-2, to assess the expression levels, duration, and tissue distribution of luciferase by semi-quantitative longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence assays. In both C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains, neonatal injection of AAV1-Luc or AAV8-Luc by either IP, IV or IT routes produces lifelong gene expression. After IP injection at day 1–2 of life, gene expression increases 10–20 fold over the next several months. Highest levels of expression were achieved by IP injection, with lowest levels observed after IV injection. Injection of AAV1-Luc achieved higher levels of luciferase expression than did injection of AAV8- Luc. In contrast to the localized distribution of AAV1 mediated luciferase expression in the injected area, widespread, systemic expression of luciferase mediated by AAV8 after neonatal delivery is observed, regardless of the route of delivery. The effect of this altered tropism on gene expression levels and tolerance induction is being examined. In both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, IP injection of AAV1-Luc or AAV8-Luc at 1–2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks of age produced lifelong expression of luciferase and resulted in increasing levels of antibody responses against AAV1 or AAV8 with increasing age at primary injection. Antibody titers to AAV1 or AAV8 in animals injected at day 1–2 of life were comparable to background levels in uninjected animals. In C57BL/6 mice receiving a primary injection of AAV8-Luc, secondary injection of AAV8-Luc boosted the antibody response to AAV8 in the animals first injected at 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks, but not in the animals injected at 1–2 day of life. We are currently exploring whether augmented expression with re-administration of AAV vectors in adult animals is due to an active process such as tolerance, partial tolerance or anergy. Developing strategies for the induction of tolerance to gene delivery vectors and therapeutic gene products will be an important advance for gene therapy for genetic and other disorders.
Microstructural development in copper-interlayer transient liquid phase bonds between martensitic NiAl and NiTi

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ni–24 at% Al–16 at%Cr and Ni–30 at% Al with a tetragonal L10 type martensitic microstructure to nominally stoichiometric NiTi with a monoclinic (distorted B19 type) martensitic matrix is investigated in this paper. The TLP bonds described in this article employed 50 μm thick copper interlayers. Bonds were prepared using holding times of between 20min and 2 h at a bonding temperature of 1150°C. A holding time of 1 h at 1150°C was sufficient to remove the liquid-phase from the bond-line, however a layer of Ni2AlTi (L21 type Heusler phase) was left at the bond line. This layer remained present with further holding up to 2 h at 1150°C. With 50 μm thick copper interlayers, 2 h holding at 1150°C resulted in significant titanium diffusion, from the NiTi substrate, to the joint. Depletion of titanium from the NiTi substrate, in turn, reduced the solidus temperature of the NiTi substrate to the point where localized melting occurred on the surface of the NiTi substrate. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in the NiTi substrate after TLP bonding and these are discussed in detail. In contrast, the NiAl substrate was largely unchanged after TLP bonding.
The topographic effect on spectral response from nadir-pointing sensors

It is difficult to interpret multispectral Landsat earth resources data in areas of rugged and mountainous terrain because of the topographic effect on the sensor response. The objectives of this study were to examine and quantify the topographic effect on the sensor response from a uniform sand surface, to assess a simple theoretical incidence model for modeling the radiance from the surface, and to simulate Landsat sensor response due to the topographic effect. A field experiment was designed to collect data from a large range of slope angles and aspects at a range of solar elevations, using a hand-held radiometer. Analysis of these data showed that the magnitude of the topographic effect varied as a function of the solar elevation, the azimuthal orientation of the slope, and the slope inclination. The field measured variations in spectral response were found to have generally strong correlations with the theoretical model, and it was shown that the applicability of the Lambertian assumption varied within and between data sets. It is concluded that if slope angle, aspect, and solar zenith angle and azimuth are known, a technique incorporating a model to reduce the topographic effect prior to multispectral classification may be developed.
SIMD support in .NET: abstract and concrete vector types and operations

This paper describes SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) APIs for .NET that expose the parallel execution capabilities available on modern processors. These APIs include both platform-independent and platform-specific APIs that expose the SIMD capabilities available on the target hardware. The platform-independent APIs abstract both the element type and length of the maximum width vector available on the target hardware, while the platform-specific APIs are a more direct mapping to the target instructions. The APIs are consumable by high-level languages such as C# and F#, and the just in time compiler (JIT) for .NET translates the operations to the appropriate hardware instructions directly in the referencing method, avoiding overhead due to calls or managed/native transitions.
A Report on the Supports and Barriers of Surrogacy in Canada

The Assisted Human Reproduction Act regulates the practice of altruistic surrogacy in Canada, criminalizing monetary compensation yet permitting reimbursements for expenditures associated with pregnancy. Limited stipulations regarding permissible expenditures have created ambiguity for service users and providers. Despite these complexities, gestational surrogacy in Canada continues to proliferate. Yet, with limited empirical research in Canada, it is unclear how legislation has supported or hindered the practice of surrogacy. This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study that explored supports and barriers to surrogacy across six domains: (1) accessible surrogacy information, (2) surrogacy consulting services, (3) fertility clinic practices, (4) hospital policies, (5) public attitudes, and (6) federal legislation. Future practice and policy recommendations can encourage interdisciplinary dialogue to guide clinical practice and inform legislative action.
Freedom as Belonging: A Defense of Hegelian Holism

This chapter defends Hegel’s insight that self and world are reciprocal. I reconstruct Hegel’s argument that there is no remainder to the self in abstraction from its relation to the world. Then I critique contemporary philosophers who summarily reject Hegel’s insight through an existential critique of their bourgeois mode of being-in-the-world.
An Iterative Method for Optimal Control of Nonlinear Quadratic Tracking Problems.

In this paper, we investigate an iterative method for computing optimal controls for general affine nonlinear quadratic tracking problems. The control law is computed iteratively by solving a sequence of linear quadratic tracking problems and, in particular, it consists of solving a set of coupled differential equations derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. The convergence of the iterative scheme is shown by constructing a contraction mapping and using the fixed-point theorem. The versatility and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in numerical simulations of three structurally different nonlinear systems.
Hydrogeochemistry in the Yukon-Tanana Upland region of east-central Alaska: Possible exploration tool for porphyry-style deposits

Abstract A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the Taurus and other porphyry Cu–Mo(-Au) occurrences and Ag–Au–Cu (+/− Pb, Zn) occurrences with epithermal-style characteristics in the Yukon-Tanana upland region of eastern Alaska. Surface water samples were collected from 30 sites on creeks that drain known deposits and occurrences and surrounding presumably unmineralized areas. Water samples for the entire ~9 km length of McCord Creek, which drains the Taurus deposit, and those from streams draining the areas at and near the Bluff and Dennison porphyry occurrences have high conductivity values (492–1250 μS/cm) and consistently high concentrations of B (3–250 μg/L), Co (2.3–42 μg/L), Mn (339–4750 μg/L), Re (0.012–0.1 μg/L), and SO42− (>200 mg/L), all of which are well above the median value for this data set and significantly greater than concentrations in water samples from the unmineralized areas. These are the best pathfinder elements specifically for porphyry style deposits because most of them are not anomalous in waters near epithermal occurrences. Copper concentrations are high (up to 115 μg/L) in some low-pH water samples from McCord Creek and drainages around Bluff, and a few near neutral pH waters have high molybdenum (>1 μg/L), but neither element is consistently anomalous in close vicinity to the porphyry occurrences, possibly due to a metal-poor, sulfide-poor leached cap (average of ~50 m) that overlies supergene and hypogene mineralized zones and is the dominant rock at surface. High concentrations of Bi and/or As occur in many waters associated with mineralized areas, particularly the Bluff and Dennison occurrences. In general, the element associations related to porphyry deposits reflect the deposit mineralogy, as well as size of the footprint related to alteration and mineralization.
Regular solutions of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations on high dimensional Euclidean space

We study the existence of regular solutions of the incompressible stationary Navier-Stokes equations in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space with a given bounded external force of compact support. In dimensions $n\le 5$, the existence of such solutions was known. In this paper, we extend it to dimensions $n\le 15$.
Chip-scale atomic beams and integrated photonics: going beyond vapor cells to create new quantum sensor architectures

Atomic sensors—devices that utilize individual atoms as the sensing mechanism—offer enormous prospects for high sensitivity, accuracy and immunity to environmental noise. This is because such sensors leverage quantum mechanical properties of the atom such as internal energy level splittings that do not change with time and are immune to sensor fabrication errors. While some of these sensors are now commercially available, they are still bulky instruments that must be individually assembled by hand and will not be widely disseminated in their current form. In this talk I will discuss a new architecture for quantum sensors based on miniaturized atomic beams, with applications to clocks, gyroscopes and photonic quantum devices.
Socioeconomic Status and Rurality Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

ObjectiveDescribe the relationship among rurality, socioeconomic status (SES), and patient/tumor characteristics in patients presenting with head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective single-in...
Research in Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

The importance of the research component of programs in laboratory animal and comparative medicine has been discussed actively for more than half a century (Clarkson, 1961a, b). At no time, however, have the discussions been more timely or of greater importance to how laboratory animal medicine will interface with academic medicine in the future. Programs in laboratory animal and comparative medicine are at a major crossroad in their evolution with some uncertainty about whether they will become increasingly regulatory/service oriented or whether balance will be maintained between the service aspects and the traditional commitments of teaching and research. In this chapter we emphasize the importance of the research component as necessary for the laboratory animal medicine (LAM) specialist to be viewed as a fellow scientist rather than support staff, and to provide a continuing scientific basis to the field.
In‐Flight Vehicle Health Management

Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) is a complex, multidisciplinary science that draws upon numerous fields including aerospace engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, statistics, and many sub-disciplines of these fields. As operational costs rise for modern aerospace systems, health management technologies are becoming more critical from both safety and maintenance perspectives. The ultimate goal of an IVHM system is to detect, diagnose, predict, and mitigate adverse events during the operation of a system. Many traditional approaches to systems engineering break down the system into its constituent subsystems and components, each of which draws from its own scientific or engineering discipline. From a health management perspective, this is not sufficient; system-level integration of subsystem health management capabilities is critical to the overall effectiveness of the final implementation. Moreover, the health management system design is sometimes an afterthought rather than an integral part of the design process. This can lead to a situation where appropriate sensing technologies, computational environments, and information management systems are not included in the final design. This chapter describes a systematic approach to the development of IVHM technologies and systems that emphasizes IVHM's most important goals – detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and mitigation – in a system or subsystem-independent manner. Keywords: integrated vehicle health management; detection; diagnosis; prognosis; mitigation; system engineering; maintenance; safety; reliability; data mining
A Contemporary Framework for Emotions in Consumer Decision-Making: Moving Beyond Traditional Models

Traditional models of consumer decision-making are largely cognitive and sequential in nature. While there is some recognition of an emotional component in the decision-making process, traditional models assume emotions are sequential in nature with the most important emotion being the final one, negative emotions are bad and should be overcome, cognitive and affective processes and multiple emotions cannot exist simultaneously, and a dichotomy exists between satisfaction and emotion in consumer decision-making. This paper examines contemporary research that challenges traditional assumptions about the role of emotions in consumer decision-making and introduces the role of consumer emotional intelligence into the process. The discussion concludes with a look at the strategic and ethical implications for marketers.
Caregiver‐ and staff‐conducted functional analysis outcomes: A summary of 52 cases

In the present study, caregivers were trained as therapists to conduct functional analyses (FAs) after staff-conducted FAs were inconclusive with 52 participants. Caregiver-conducted FAs identified at least 1 function for problem behavior when staff-conducted FAs were undifferentiated. When results of the staff-conducted FAs were questionable, subsequent caregiver-conducted FAs resulted in an exact match with staff-conducted FA in about 68% of cases but identified new functions in about 30% of cases. Function-based treatments based on caregiver-conducted FAs were effective in reducing problem behavior by an average of 96% relative to baseline. Results suggest that when staff-conducted FA outcomes yield inconclusive findings, using caregivers to conduct FAs is likely to produce differentiated results and ultimately result in the development of effective treatments.
Quantitative evaluation of a pediatric rheumatology transition program.

Background Transition from pediatric to adult care can be a challenging process which leaves young people vulnerable to interruptions of care and worsening disease status. Efforts to improve transition processes and outcomes have included development of individualized transition plans, creation of transition clinics, and utilization of transition coordinators. Few interventions have assessed transition outcomes quantitatively.
Consumer Confidence and Income Inequality

Although the Atkinson Inequality Index is widely used, this paper is the first attempt to empirically estimate the parameter on which that index is based. Forty-five years US income distribution and consumer confidence surveys allow one to estimate this Atkinson parameter of inequality aversion. Consumer confidence appears to have become more sensitive to inequality since 1968. About this time, inequality became somewhat less correlated with unemployment, and more correlated with the US stock market. Because consumer confidence indexes are widely-used in spotting business cycle trends, any added ability to predict changes in confidence is of practical importance.
Vector analysis of ice-fabric data

Abstract : The mechanical properties of ice are strongly affected by crystal texture and c-axis alignment. In this report we develop a general quantitative method for analysis of uniaxial crystal orientation data. These data are represented as unit vectors from the origin with endpoints on the surface of a unit sphere. An orthogonal least-squares error measure is used to develop equations that define the closest plane and line through the data. The resulting eigenvalue problem is identical to that obtained by other investigators using different methods. However, we identify an implicit assumption in the method, and observe that the error measure represents physical distance and quantifies the goodness-of-fit of the idealized structures to the data. For comparison, a parallel development is presented of classical dependent-variable least squares. A method is developed to transform the data and the results for viewing on Schmidt nets drawn in the best plane and the predominant basal plane of a sample, in addition to the standard xy-plane. Applications of the analysis to sea ice samples include both numerical and Schmidt net presentations of results. C-axis orientation, Orthogonal least-squares, Sea ice, Crystal fabric analysis, Schmidt nets.
Assemblability evaluation based on tolerance propagation

The specification of tolerances is an integral part of product design since tolerances directly affect the assemblability, as well as the functionality, manufacturability, and cost-effectiveness of the product. However, there has been little research on the assemblability evaluation based on tolerance propagation which can play an important role in assembly planning. Assembly planners in the past have assumed nominal dimensions for product components for generating the feasible assembly sequences. These sequences, however, may not be assemblable in practice due to propagations and accumulations of tolerances. In this paper, we present a new approach to assemblability evaluation based on tolerance propagation. For the assemblability evaluation, we introduce an important concept of clearance. Clearance represents the possible free space between two mating features. In the assemblability evaluation, clearances are used to compensate for tolerances.
Basic Molecular Dynamics

A working definition of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is technique by which one generates the atomic trajectories of a system of N particles by numerical integration of Newton’s equation of motion, for a specific interatomic potential, with certain initial condition (IC) and boundary condition (BC).
Gender and Serious Violence Untangling the Role of Friendship Sex Composition and Peer Violence

Applying insights from social influence literature, in combination with key elements of gender organization and socialization, the effect of friendship sex composition and exposure to peer violence on girls' and boys' involvement in serious violence is examined. It is hypothesized that the impact of opposite-sex friendships on violence will differ for female youth compared to male youth. The exceptionally detailed friendship network data available in the Add Health for a sample of adolescents (N = 14,044) is used to examine these hypotheses. Findings are supportive of hypotheses and indicate that exposure to opposite-sex friends increases females' odds of engaging in serious violence but operate to reduce males' involvement in serious violence. In addition, among females, peer influence is magnified as the proportion of opposite sex friends increases in their friendship network. In contrast, among males, exposure to opposite sex friends does not operate to suppress (or magnify) the effect of peer exposure...