cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood glucose level as an aid in the diagnosis of septicaemia

Abstract Although burn wound sepsis is primarily managed with topical antibacterials and excision-debridement of necrotic tissue, true septicaemia with bloodstream invasion requires systemic antibiotics. Multiple and broad spectrum antibiotics have been associated with fungal infection and emergence of resistant organisms in the burned patient. Therefore, it is beneficial to use a specific bactericidal drug whenever possible. In a series of 214 patients with septicaemia, the mean glucose level in patients with Gram-positive organisms was 165 mg per cent compared to 101 mg per cent for patients with Gram-negative organisms. In non-diabetic patients, the difference was also marked-138 mg per cent in the Gram-positive septicaemias and 97·5 mg per cent in the Gram-negative septicaemias. Of all the patients with septicaemia having a blood glucose of 130 mg per cent, over 80 per cent showed Gram-positive organisms in the cultures. For the past three years, blood glucose levels have been drawn each time the patient's temperature is greater than 38·5 °C (101·3 °F) at the time blood cultures were drawn. This has allowed the burn team to gain additional information prior to culture results. Using these guidelines, the blood glucose level has predicted the type of organism in 4 out of 5 of cases of septicaemia. Therefore, if the diagnosis of septicaemia is made and antibiotics are felt indicated, a Gram-negative bactericidal antimicrobial is administered if the glucose is 130 mg per cent, a Gram-positive bactericidal antimicrobial agent is instituted. This has allowed us to decrease the number of antibiotics used and to decrease the spectrum of antimicrobials in our facility.
The effect of a partially wetting second phase on conduction

The conduction behavior in a realistic three- dimensional two- phase microstructure is examined. Specifically, the case of a nonconducting, partially wetting second phase is examined. An electrical circuit analogue is used to quantitatively measure the effect. The dihedral angle that the second phase makes at grain boundaries is found to significantly influence the conductivity. As the second phase penetrates deeper into the grain boundary region, the conduction pathways are restricted to a greater degree. This is important for microstructures that result from a variety of standard processing techniques that in volve the presence of liquid phases during heat treatment.
Interfacial Sliding and Buckling of Monolayer Graphene on a Stretchable Substrate

The nonlinear mechanical response of monolayer graphene on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is characterised using in-situ Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. While interfacial stress transfer leads to tension in graphene as the PET substrate is stretched, retraction of the substrate during unloading imposes compression in the graphene. Two interfacial failure mechanisms, shear sliding under tension and buckling under compression, are identified. Using a nonlinear shear-lag model, the interfacial shear strength is found to range between 0.46 and 0.69 MPa. The critical strain for onset of interfacial sliding is ∼0.3%, while the maximum strain that can be transferred to graphene ranges from 1.2% to 1.6% depending on the interfacial shear strength and graphene size. Beyond a critical compressive strain of around −0.7%, buckling ridges are observed after unloading. The results from this work provide valuable insight and design guidelines for a broad spectrum of applications of graphene and other 2D nanomaterials, such as flexible and stretchable electronics, strain sensing, and nanocomposites.
The imperative of organizational harmony: A critique of contemporary human relations theory

Disharmony in an organization is an obvious liability. Seemingly, then, harmony should be a noncontroversial good. This conclusion, however, is less than secure. Harmony is not a univocal concept, there are many ways it can be interpreted and there are many different areas within an organization where it can be pursued. Before one can assess harmony as a value one must have prior understanding of what it means and where it is to be sought. For purposes of discussion let us understand an organization as a group of people that functions as a complex goal seeking unit? Even within this general characterization there are a number of distinct areas where harmony could be an issue. There is the question of harmony on goals, on the means of seeking them, on the function of the parts of the complex unit, etc. The aspect of the organization that is of interest for this paper is what has been called its human dimension. Specifically, this paper will examine the value of harmony as it is applied to the relationship between the individuals within an organization and the goals of that organization. Harmony remains equivocal even when one focuses upon a specific aspect of the organization. In order to resolve this the paper will use the ideas of Douglas McGregor as a vehicle for examining a view of harmony which has become pervasive in much of contemporary organizational theory. This is a view generated primarily by the human relations movement and given theoretical expression by McGregor and numerous other writers. With noteworthy consistency, his theory contains the basic assumptions of a large number of writers, a group collectively referred to as contemporary human relations theorists. Included in this group, in addition to McGregor, are such people as ~ ' . Bennis, R. Likert, C. Argyfis, R. Blake, j. Mouton, A. Marrow, H. Leavitt, F. Herzberg, and others. The value commitment to harmony rests implicit in the writings of these theorists. The paper will not examine all of these writers individually but will, through the means of McGregor's ideas, consider some salient features of their shared assumptions. What the paper will show is that the overriding goal of the prescriptions for organizational reform is harmony. We can see how this value is understood by exploring the assumptions and implications of the proposals for organizational change. Presupposed by these proposals and by the overriding goal is a certain view about human nature. As the paper will argue, this view is determinative both for how harmony is understood and for why it is valued so highly. The paper also will argue that this view about humans is mistaken and go on to suggest that it is exactly this basic theoretical misconception that explains why the application of human relations concepts to organizations has not produced the results that were predicted.
Young Men's Procreative Identity: Becoming Aware, Being Aware, and Being Responsible

Using a purposive sample of 37 single men aged 16 to 30, in-depth face-to-face interviews, and a grounded theory approach, we explore males’ subjective experiences as procreative beings. Our study is informed by symbolic interactionism and 2 sensitizing concepts: procreative consciousness and procreative responsibility. We focus on how males become aware of their perceived fecundity, experience themselves as procreative beings once they become aware, and view responsibility while orienting themselves toward their sexual and potential paternal roles. Our analyses deepen, expand, integrate, and ground in empirical data notions about procreative consciousness and men’s experiences. We find that males use varied interpretive foci to assign meaning to discovering their procreative potential. Furthermore, we show how romantic partners help males co-construct their procreative consciousness, in part by helping men actively attend to issues of procreative responsibility. Consistent with our grounded theory approach, we discuss 5 new dimensions to procreative consciousness suggested by our data:
A 34–110 GHz wideband, asymmetric, broadside-coupled Marchand balun in 180 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology

An asymmetric, broadside-coupled Marchand balun for wideband millimeter wave applications is presented. The balun based on the modified off-center frequency method achieves 34-110 GHz operation bandwidth and exhibits minimum insertion loss of 4.7 dB at 54 GHz. To the author's best knowledge, this is the widest operational bandwidth among the recently published millimeter wave baluns in silicon technology.
TH-E-213AB-01: Review of Radiobiological Principles of Radiotherapy and Radiation Protection

Mechanisms by which radiation kills cells and ways cell damage can be repaired will be reviewed. The effect of radiobiological parameters which we can control for radiotherapy will be discussed including dose/fraction, number of fractions, time between fractions, overall treatment time, and the LET of the radiation. Reasons why we fractionate the way we do will be discussed, along with how sparing of normal tissues using conformal techniques might affect optimal fractionation. The linear‐quadratic model for cell survival for high and low dose rate treatments and the effect of repopulation will be presented and discussed. Radiation protection and the dose response of normal tissues will be reviewed, including effects on the developing embryo/fetus. The concepts of equivalent dose and effective dose in medical radiation protection, the Sv unit, and radiation and tissue‐weighting factors will be presented. The latest information on human data on radiation‐induced cancer, genetic effects and harmful tissueeffects, especially cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases as well as cataract formation, published by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Committee and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) will be examined. Estimates of risk per unit exposure will be presented. Their use in the development of radiation protection guidelines and standards will be discussed. Learning Objectives 1. To understand the radiobiological basis of radiation protection standards. 2. To define the radiation protection magnitudes and units, their values and their practical measurement. 3. To distinguish between stochastic and deterministic effects.
Playing the Market: How the Cashew “Commodityscape” Is Redefining Guinea-Bissau's Countryside

Guinea-Bissau's political ecology of the 1980s led to cashews overtaking all other exports as a generator of national revenue. Through ethnographic methodology, this paper examines the cashew commodityscape illustrated through an examination of several villages in southern Guinea-Bissau. This research addresses how household livelihood strategies are fashioned as a result of necessity, opportunity, and negotiations with local, regional, and global economies. A majority of the local population in the research site was involved in cashew pomiculture in 2007 when the global demand and purchase price was low. By 2010, the price paid by Indian wholesalers rebounded with even further integration of this commodity into the natural and cultural landscape. This paper finds that cashews are playing a significant role in the environmental, economic, and cultural spheres. This local articulation of a global phenomenon demonstrates the potential pitfalls and benefits of meeting very specific global needs.
Ultrathin fiberscope for stereoscopic vision

Endoscope for stereoscopic vision is in great demand for medical field to diagnose and treat disease parts of patients more precisely. The authors are convinced that the silica-based imagefiber is suitable for making a thinner fiberscope for stereoscopic vision and have developed an ultrathin fiberscope with silica-based imagefibers for stereoscopic vision. The diameter of fiberscope is only 2 mm with two transmitting systems that consist of two imagefibers with 10000 pixels and lightguide for illumination and objective lenses. This fiberscope for stereoscopic vision can be used for the microsurgery, such as the laparoscopic surgery and the thoracoscopic surgery required for the thin diameter.
On the interpretation of seasonal variations of stratospheric ozone

The causes of the annual and semiannual ozone oscillations were investigated. Using the middle-atmosphere model of Garcia and Solomon (1983), the monthly variations of the ozone mixing ratio were computed and Fourier-analyzed, with excellent agreement found between the computed values and those measured with the SBUV instrument. It was found that, at high latitudes and low altitudes, the modeled ozone abundances increased in the winter due to transport and decreased in the summer due to chemical destruction. In the middle stratosphere, the calculated annual ozone variation was found to be largely due to the annual variation in the odd-oxygen production rate, while in the upper stratosphere, the annual ozone variation was found to be caused by the large annual oscillation in temperature.
Model dependence in the photoproduction of kaons from protons and deuterons

The reactions $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}n$ have been investigated over the energy range from ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=1.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}{E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ in a tree-level effective Lagrangian model that incorporates most of the well-established resonances of spins $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ below $1.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$. Several sets of values for the resonance couplings are generated by fitting empirical cross section curves for the proton reaction at three different energies. Results obtained with a number of these fits are then presented for the cross sections and several single polarization observables for both reactions. The deuteron reaction is treated within the impulse approximation with final state interactions incorporated by means of a nonrelativistic overlap integral in momentum space. We explore the dependences of the calculated quantities on several facets of the model, including the particular resonance fit employed, the treatment of the spin $\frac{3}{2}$ resonance propagator, the prescription used for the resonance widths, and for the deuteron reaction, the final state interaction and deuteron wave function employed. We find that for neither reaction are the cross sections very sensitive to any of the model details. The polarization observables, on the other hand, are quite sensitive to certain model details, particularly to the resonance model employed and to the prescription used for the resonance widths. In general the polarization observables in the proton reaction are more sensitive to model details than the polarization observables in the deuteron reaction. The calculated deuteron observables are not strongly dependent on either the final state interaction or the deuteron wave function employed.
How to catch a fish: The memory and representation of common procedures∗

Recall for descriptions of common procedures was analyzed to assess the effects of two dimensions of organizational structure on memory: Hierarchical structure and relational density. Previous studies have related memory to the organization of discourse contents by constructing canonical tree structure representations that are generated by constituent grammars. In contrast, the present study scaled statements in passages along organizational dimensions based on answers that subjects gave to questions about the passages. Patterns of recall showed (a) better memory for superordinate statements than the relatively subordinate statements, and (b) better memory for statements with high relational density than those with low relational density. These organizational effects successfully predicted recall in excess of preexperimental acquisition base rates for the statements, that is, the frequency of mentioning the statements without prior presentation of a passage. In addition, recall was not affected by input c...
Early combination therapy (bromocriptine and levodopa) does not prevent motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease

Early combination therapy with bromocriptine (Br) and levodopa (LD) is believed to delay or prevent the onset of late treatment complications typically associated with LD monotherapy in Parkinson9s disease (PD). Studies recommending this regimen have been uncontrolled. We evaluated this possibility in a 4-year, double-blind, randomized, parallel group trial comparing Br and LD both alone and in combination in 22 PD patients never before treated with dopaminergic medications. In the group receiving Br monotherapy, 17% had motor fluctuations (end-of-dose failure or on-off), 17% chorea, 33% dystonia, and 83% freezing. In the LD group, 33% had motor fluctuations, 56% chorea, 100% dystonia, and 22% freezing. In the combination group, 71% had motor fluctuations, 57% chorea, 71% dystonia, and 57% freezing. The frequency of dystonia was significantly lower with Br monotherapy than in the other two treatment groups. No other significant differences were observed. LD monotherapy appeared to have superior efficacy in the treatment of PD. Mean final doses of LD and Br were similar for the different treatment groups. Early combination therapy does not prevent or delay the onset of motor fluctuations or dyskinesia in PD.
Multichannel Model of the K * ( 890 )

The inelastic channels ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ are included in a three-channel model of the $I=\frac{1}{2} p$-wave $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ amplitude. Feynman diagrams for vector-meson exchange are used as input to multichannel $\frac{N}{D}$ equations, which are solved to obtain the scattering amplitude. Coupling constants which cannot be measured experimentally or calculated using $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ are obtained by employing $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W}$ in the rest system of one of the particles at a given vertex. The ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$ channel, neglected in previous calculations, is observed to influence the amplitude strongly, but the width of the ${K}^{*}(890)$ is calculated to be 210 MeV or about four times the experimental value.
Epitaxial growth of molybdenum on the alpha-iron (111) surface

Abstract Using an epitaxial α-Fe layer deposited on hydrogen-terminated Si (111) as a seed, epitaxial Mo layers have been grown on the (111) surface of α-Fe at 300 and 575 K by e-beam evaporation in UHV. The Mo (111) plane is parallel to the α-Fe (111) plane and the Mo [110] direction is parallel to the Fe [110] direction in the plane of the substrate.
Magnetic levitation of condensed hydrogen

Liquid and solid molecular hydrogen has been levitated using a pair of small superconducting solenoids. The hydrogen samples, up to 3 mm in dimension, were trapped in a magnetic potential having either a discrete minimum or a minimum in the form of a ring 1 cm in diameter. The hydrogen could be moved about in the magnetic trap by applying an electric field.
Isolation and characterization of a tryptic fragment containing the thioesterase segment of fatty acid synthetase from the uropygial gland of goose.

Abstract Trypsin treatment of purified fatty acid synthetase from the uropygial gland of goose released a 33,000 molecular weight peptide from the 270,000 molecular weight synthease. A combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography with QAE-Sephadex, and cation-exchange chromatography with cellulose phosphate gave rise to the first homogeneous preparation of the 33,000 molecular weight fragment containing fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase activity. Amino acid composition of this peptide was quite similar to that of the intact fatty acid synthetase except for a lower valine content; a partial specific volume of 0.734 was calculated for the thioesterase fragment. The pH optimum for the thioesterase was near 7.5 and the enzyme showed a high degree of preference for CoA esters of fatty acids with 16 or more carbon atoms. Palmitoyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme and therefore the rate of hydrolysis was not proportional to the amount of protein at low concentrations. Inclusion of bovine serum albumin in the reaction mixture prevented this inhibition. Disregarding the substrate inhibition, an apparent Km of 5 × 10−5 m and a V of 340 nmol/min/mg were calculated. The thioesterase was inhibited by active serine-directed reagents such as phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and diisopropyl fluorophosphate as well as by SH-directed reagents as p-chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The isolated thioesterase fragment generated antibodies in rabbits and the antithioesterase inhibited the enzymatic activity of fatty acid synthetase. The antithioesterase showed immunoprecipitant lines with fatty acid synthetase from the uropygial gland and the synthetase from the liver of goose. Anti-fatty acid synthetase prepared against the enzyme from the gland cross-reacted with the thioesterase segment. Even though the synthetase from the uropygial gland synthesizes multimethyl-branched fatty acids in vivo, the thioesterase segment of this synthetase appears to be quite similar to that isolated from the rat.
Gene expression analysis in the thalamus and cerebrum of horses experimentally infected with West Nile virus.

Gene expression associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection was profiled in the central nervous system of horses. Pyrosequencing and library annotation was performed on pooled RNA from the CNS and lymphoid tissues on horses experimentally infected with WNV (vaccinated and naive) and non-exposed controls. These sequences were used to create a custom microarray enriched for neurological and immunological sequences to quantitate gene expression in the thalamus and cerebrum of three experimentally infected groups of horses (naive/WNV exposed, vaccinated/WNV exposed, and normal). From the sequenced transcriptome, 41,040 sequences were identified by alignment against five databases. 31,357 good sequence hits (e<10−4) were obtained with 3.1% of the sequences novel to the equine genome project. Sequences were compared to human expressed sequence tag database, with 31,473 equine sequences aligning to human sequences (69.27% contigs, 78.13% seed contigs, 80.17% singlets). This indicated a high degree of sequence homology between human and equine transcriptome (average identity 90.17%). Significant differences (p<0.05) in gene expression were seen due to virus exposure (9,020), survival (7,395), and location (7,649). Pathways analysis revealed many genes that mapped to neurological and immunological categories. Involvement of both innate and adaptive components of immunity was seen, with higher levels of expression correlating with survival. This was highlighted by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in horses exposed to WNV which functions to suppress innate immunity. Pentraxin 3 was most increased in expression for all horses exposed to WNV. Neurological pathways that demonstrated the greatest changes in gene expression included neurotransmitter and signaling pathways. Decreased expression of transcripts in both the glutamate and dopamine signaling pathways was seen in horses exposed to WNV, providing evidence of possible glutamate excitotoxicity and clinical signs associated with decreased dopamine. Many transcripts mapped to non-infectious neurological disease functions, including mental disorders and degenerative neuropathies.
Preparation and culture of dispersed avian pituitary cells, and age-related changes in donor pituitary weight and growth hormone content☆

Techniques were perfected for the enzymatic dissociation of chicken pituitary glands and a number of factors evaluated for their effects upon growth hormone (GH) production by dispersed chicken pituitary cells in culture. Age-related changes in donor pituitary weight and GH content were also determined. A procedure involving digestion of minced glands with a solution of 0.1% trypsin in S-MEM tissue culture medium (0.1% BSA) for 1 hr at 37° under an atmosphere of 5% CO2-95% air yielded >2.0 × 106 cells per gland with 80–90% viability. Five tissue culture media (D-MEM, α-MEM, RPMI 1640, Med-199, Earle's salts), two serum sources (calf serum (CS), horse serum (HS), and two levels of serum (5, 20%) were tested for their ability to support GH synthesis over 4 days in culture. Additionally, two culture regimes (continuous culture vs daily media changes) were evaluated for their effects on GH production. α-MEM resulted in the numerically highest net GH synthesis (over starting cell content), although not statistically different from RPMI 1640 or Earle's salts. Neither serum type nor percentage was significant; therefore the lower serum percentage (5) was adopted for future studies. Culture regime significantly altered the proportion of secreted vs stored hormone harvested at the end of the culture period. Changing media daily resulted in a 40% reduction in final cell GH content compared to continuous culture, whereas total cumulative media GH was approximately 39% greater (P < 0.01). Pituitary weight increased with age until approximately 9 weeks, whereas GH content plateaued carlier, at 5 weeks of age. Thus, maximum pituitary GH concentration occurred at 5 weeks of age (28 μg/mg pituitary wet wt) in birds studied here. These results may have implications for future studies of avian GH synthesis and release utilizing dispersed avian pituitary cells in culture, as well as considerations for in vivo work.
EXPERIMENTAL NEEDLE BIOPSY OF THE MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HISTOLOGIC STUDY BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Our experience with needle biopsy of the heart in dogs indicates that myocardial tissue can be sampled one or more times in each animal with comparative safety. Tamponade, pericarditis, serious arrhythmias, or myocardial infarction due to the interruption of coronary vessels was not observed. Excellent specimens were obtained for critical study by light and electron microscopy. Casten and Marsh (1) have used biochemical techniques to study myocardial tissue obtained in similar fashion. Histochemical methods would also be applicable. Although limited to animal studies at present, the technique may conceivably be adapted to the study of human disease. Myocardial puncture has been carried out (20-22) in patients for the recording of intracardiac pressures and for other diagnostic purposes without apparent harm. Our study of the myocardium of dogs by electron microscopy generally confirms the observations of other workers, except that presence of significant numbers of red blood cells in the extravascular spaces of the heart had not been previously described (and is possibly an artifact). Nevertheless, it is notable that the tissue cells, cellular membranes, and intracellular structures appeared to be intact and undistorted in the tissue specimens which were obtained, fixed, and examined by these methods.
Some effects of sodium selenite on the cardiovascular system.

Abstract The intravenous administration of 2.0 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite decreased systemic blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance increased promptly and remained elevated until terminus. An initial increase was followed by a depression of cardiac output. Electrocardiographic changes were indicative of cardiac damage. Lower doses usually produced a moderate elevation of both systemic and pulmonary pressures. Alterations in selenite response noted after phenoxybenzamine pretreatment suggest that the release of an “epinephrine-like” substance follows the administration of selenite. Possible mechanisms of action and the relations to the cause of death are discussed.
Intersystem-crossing processes in aromatic molecules

Abstract We represent an approach to the formulation of intersystem-crossing processes in aromatic molecules, taking into account the entire manifold of electronic states. We claim that only two major mechanisms are distinguishable and amenable to experimental detection through their specific deuteration effect. The present results are in contradiction to Siebrand's predictions which characterize three mechanisms with specific deuteration effect. We show that the indirect Herzberg-Teller and non Born-Oppenheimer vibronically induced spin-orbit mechanisms add up to give the indirect “crude-adiabatic” vibronic spin-orbit mechanism.
Effects of a Herd Health Program on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows

Abstract One hundred forty-four dairy cows of five breeds with a total of 184 parturitions were assigned randomly by breed and parity to a reproductive herd health program and control group for 2 yr. Animals of herd health program averaged 1.85, 1.73, 73.1, and 99.24 for number of inseminations, inseminations per conception, days to first insemination, and days open compared to 2.59, 2.37, 86.82, and 140.07 for control animals. Controls averaged 255kg of solids-corrected milk more per lactation on a standardized basis than cows in the herd health program. For experimental day, animals of herd health program produced 20.59 and 20.63kg of mature equivalent and solids-corrected milk compared to 20.60 and 20.37kg for controls. Total yearly reproductive veterinary costs per cow for each group were $16.94 and $15.34 for herd health and controls. For economical aspects of the two programs, the reproductive herd health group returned $.16 more per cow per experimental day than controls.
Implementing an early intervention program for residential students who present with suicide risk: a case study.

Abstract Objective: This case study examined the effects of an early intervention program designed to respond to residential college students demonstrating risk for suicide. Participants: Participants were 108 undergraduates at a large northeastern public university referred to an early intervention program subsequent to presenting with risk factors for suicide between Fall 2004 and Spring 2011. Methods: Data were collected from archival records to examine quality of early intervention services, student retention, and grade point average (GPA) during the semesters prior to, during, and subsequent to the referral incident. Results: Program implementation was timely and responsive to student needs; students successfully completing the early intervention program remained in school and demonstrated small but significant rebounds in GPA the semester subsequent to the incident. Conclusions: There are benefits associated with the implementation of early intervention programs designed to respond to students manif...
Reconstruction of NSTX midplane neutral density profiles from visible imaging data

Abstract The experimental determination of neutral densities in tokamak plasmas from line radiation is only accurate in the narrow region in which both the excitation rate and neutral density are significant. We describe an alternative procedure using the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code to invert light emission data obtained from a tangentially viewing camera, yielding absolute radial profiles of deuterium atoms and molecules at midplane. That the neutral source in these simulations can be adequately characterized as a uniform flux at the vacuum vessel wall is demonstrated by the similarity of the shapes of the simulated and observed brightness profiles. A second test is obtained by comparing the resulting neutral pressures at the vessel walls with data from midplane micro-ion gauges. We also show that the simulated camera image is insensitive to variations in the spatial distribution of the neutral source.
Age of onset, pattern of distribution, and histology of aneurysm development in a genetically predisposed mouse model

The blotchy mouse has an X chromosome mutation affecting crosslinking of collagen and elastin, which results in aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta. The age of onset, patterns of distribution, and histologic features of these lesions have not been characterized in detail in previous studies. Male normal and blotchy mice 1 to 8 months of age were killed and latex was injected into the left ventricles to facilitate exposure, examination, histologic sampling, and photography of the aorta. Aneurysms were not detected in any normal animals but the affected animals had a progressive increase in the incidence of aneurysms with age, reaching 100% by 6 months. Most aneurysms occurred in the ascending aorta, with some also present in the descending thoracic and abdominal segments. Some animals had multiple aneurysms. Histologically the blotchy mice aortas exhibited disrupted elastic lamellae and thickening of the interlamellar spaces. These spaces contained conspicuously pleomorphic smooth muscle cells, confirmed by electron microscopy. These changes occurred as early as 21 days, when there was no gross evidence of aneurysmal development. Aortic aneurysms develop in blotchy mice in a consistent fashion, with characteristic gross and histologic changes. These animals provide a practical model for further studies of aneurysmal disease, including possible therapeutic interventions to prevent aneurysm development.
1178 TYPE SPECIFIC ANTIBODY PREVENTS PLATELET AGGREGATION INDUCED BY GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS TYPE III

1178 TYPE SPECIFIC ANTIBODY PREVENTS PLATELET AGGREGATION INDUCED BY GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS TYPE III
Dynamic labour demand schedules for US agriculture

Labour in US agriculture is performed by diverse workers including farm operators, unpaid family workers, and hired workers who work anywhere from a few days per year to the entire year. Agricultural labour literature has drawn distinctions between these different types of workers but these distinctions are frequently ignored in input demand studies. In recent studies seasonal and full-time hired labour are invariably treated as a single input, and hired labour is frequently aggregated with family/operator labour. This study maintains seasonal hired labour, full-time hired labour and family/operator labour as three separate inputs and evaluates input substitutability and technical change in a dynamic framework. Empirical evidence of differences in demand characteristics for the three types of workers is presented.
A multidisciplinary approach to occipital pressure ulcers related to cervical collars

Pressure ulcers related to cervical collars are a common difficult-to-manage complication of cervical immobilization in the trauma patient. After many cases of occipital pressure ulcers occurred at our institution, a multidisciplinary task force was formed to look at this issue. The group was to identify causes for this problem and develop a plan to decrease the occurrence of pressure ulcers related to cervical immobilization. The problem involved three areas that needed improvement. These were: nursing care, the type of collar used, and the lengthy process of clearing C-spines. The group developed objectives, goals, and interventions to resolve these concerns. The task force developed a protocol for nursing care, changed to a different type of cervical collar, and developed a protocol for clearing cervical spine films. Through the use of a multidisciplinary approach, the development of protocols and a new product, pressure ulcers related to cervical collars have been eliminated in our institution. In addition, patients are staying in cervical collars half the time as before the protocol was implemented.
Probabilistic Optimum Inspection/Repair Planning to Extend Lifetime of Deteriorating Structures

Repair actions are generally used to prevent failures and to maintain or extend the lifetime of deteriorating structures. To establish optimum inspection/repair planning for a structure, its performance under uncertainty should be assessed and predicted using probabilistic concepts and methods. This paper presents such an approach applied to deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) structures under pitting corrosion. The inspection/repair plan is obtained from a probabilistic optimization process. Formulation of the extended lifetime for a given number of inspections is based on a decision tree analysis considering probability of damage detection. A damage detectability function is used to quantify the relation among damage intensity, quality of an inspection method, and probability of damage detection. The probability of repair representing the decision maker’s willingness to make a repair is also considered in the decision analysis. Effects of probabilities of inspection/repair and number of inspections on extended lifetime of an RC structure are investigated. To establish a cost-effective inspection/repair planning process, the formulation proposed is a biobjective optimization problem under uncertainty considering maximization of expected extended lifetime and minimization of expected total cost. The proposed approach is applied to an existing bridge.
Solitary embolic cutaneous aspergillosis in the immunocompromised patient with acute myelogenous leukemia - a propos another case caused by Aspergillus flavus.

A 68-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia was admitted for consolidation chemotherapy. The in-hospital course was complicated by neutropenia, fever and nodular pulmonary opacities suggestive of multifocal pneumonia. The patient subsequently developed a single, solitary necrotic crusted nodule on the right cheek. Skin biopsy demonstrated embolic vascular invasion with septate hyphae, dichotomous branching and minimal inflammation. Tissue culture revealed Aspergillus flavus. Despite systemic antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and granulocyte transfusions, the patient developed respiratory failure and died of disseminated aspergillosis, sepsis and renal failure. The clinical presentation of disseminated infection with Aspergillus flavus as a solitary embolic cutaneous lesion is extremely rare. We have reviewed other cases described in the literature and suggest this pattern of cutaneous involvement as more typical of disseminated infection with Aspergillus flavus.
Arkansas crustal xenoliths: Implications for basement rocks of the northern Gulf Coast, USA

Crustal xenoliths recovered from the diamondiferous Prairie Creek lamproite province in southwestern Arkansas directly constrain the nature, age, and origin of Laurentian basement and indirectly provide a means to test models for development of the southeastern margin of Laurentia and the Ouachita trough. The majority of the crustal xenoliths are near-surface sedimentary rocks, and the rest are mainly amphibolite and both fresh and altered granitic rocks. K-Ar dates of four amphibolite samples average ca. 1.41 Ga and indicate an association with the Laurentian craton. Xenolith compositions and ages, in conjunction with published geophysical and drill data, can be used to test two tectonic models for the development of the southeastern margin of Laurentia and the Ouachita system. One model suggests that the Ouachita trough is a failed rift basin essentially contained within the North American craton. The second model suggests that the Ouachita trough is a rifted continental margin combined with late Paleozoic accretion of an island arc terrane. Application of these data to the two models of Ouachita development suggests that the Ouachita trough is extended and thinned continental lithosphere associated with a Paleozoic rift system that developed separately from the Appalachian continental margin.
A Further Examination of Relational and Item-Specific Processing Effects on Cued Recall Hypermnesia

Abstract Previous studies in a laboratory showed that in cued recall, relational processing produces a greater hypermnesic effect than item-specific processing does. However, in those studies, relational processing also resulted in a lower level of performance. The present experiment examined two item-specific processing tasks that were designed to produce a lower level of performance than the relational processing task. One hundred college students processed 60 word pairs, using either a relational or item-specific processing task. The relational processing task was a category-sorting task. The three item-specific processing tasks were pleasantness rating, rhyme rating, and vowel counting. As expected, the rhyme-rating and vowel-counting tasks produced lower performance than the relational processing task did. However, the hypermnesic effect was greater for the relational processing than for the item-specific processing conditions. It was concluded that in cued recall, relational processing does produce ...
Long Loop Residues 33–58 in the Human Glycoprotein Hormone Common α Subunit Contain Structural Components for Subunit Heterodimerization and Human Follitropin-Receptor Binding

The family of human glycoprotein hormones that includes follitropin (FSH) are heterodimeric proteins, each composed of single α and β subunits that are noncovalently linked but tightly associated. Previous studies by this laboratory, which used a synthetic peptide approach, suggested that residues 51–58 of the long loop of FSHα (aa 33–58) were the minimal α-subunit contact area between the subunits. Since carbohydrate at N52 is important for receptor activation but not for receptor binding, a link between receptor activation and heterodimer assembly was established. To address this issue, four composite alanine substitution mutants, 37YPTPL41/37APAPA41, 46TML48/46AAA48,49VQK51/49AAA51, and55SES57/55AAA57, were constructed by site-specific mutagenesis and expressed in insect cells. With the exception of the TML mutant, all α-subunit forms were produced at a level similar to that of the wild-type α subunit (10 μg/ml). The TML mutant was not secreted. When coexpressed with the human FSH (hFSH) β subunit the49VQK51/49AAA51mutant and wild-type hFSH were expressed at similar levels (1–3 μg/ml). In contrast, the55SES57/55AAA57mutation evidenced barely detectable levels of heterodimeric hFSH, and37YPTPL41/37APAPA41was not detectable as heterodimer, measured in a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format that detects only heterodimeric hormone. The49VQK51/49AAA51mutant was devoid of receptor-binding activity, suggesting that these residues are a key α-subunit determinant for follitropin–receptor interaction. The55SES57/55AAA57mutant, though scarcely made, retained receptor-binding activity comparable to the wild-type hormone. This work demonstrates for the first time a receptor-binding region in the FSH α subunit, within sequence49VQK51. Residues within55SES57and37YPTPL41are involved in subunit assembly. Homology modeling of FSH, based on the human chorionic gonadotropin crystal structure, revealed that the FSH receptor-binding site is composed of residues from both subunits assembled through subunit association.
Thermogravimetric apparatus temperature calibration using melting point standards

Abstract Temperature calibration of thermogravimetric apparatus is demonstrated using a dropping weight and fusible links made from melting point temperature standards of the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968. Precision of the individual measurements is ±1.1°C. When used with a DuPont 951 Thermogravimetric Analyzer, temperature calibration to within ±2°C is obtained with a single linear calibration curve over the full 1200°C temperature range of the instrument.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone resonance assignments of the L124D mutant of StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 4 (StARD4)

Protein-mediated cholesterol trafficking is central to maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in cells. START (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer) domains constitute a sterol and lipid binding motif and the START domain protein StARD4 typifies a small family of mammalian sterol transport proteins. StARD4 consists of a single START domain and has been reported to act as a general cholesterol transporter in cells. However, the structural basis of cholesterol uptake and transport is not well understood and no cholesterol-bound START domain structures have been reported. We have undertaken the study of cholesterol binding and transport by StARD4 using solution state NMR spectroscopy. To this end, we report nearly complete 1H, 15N, and 13C backbone resonance assignments of an inactive but well behaved mutant (L124D) of StARD4.
Macro-, micro- and mesotexture evolutions of continuous cast and direct chill cast AA 3105 aluminum alloy during cold rolling

Abstract Industrially produced hot bands of continuous cast (CC) and direct chill (DC) cast AA 3105 aluminum alloy were cold rolled to different reductions from 10 to 90%. Macrotexture evolution of the deformation texture in the CC and DC materials was investigated by using three-dimensional orientation distribution functions (ODFs) that were determined by X-ray diffraction. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was adopted to investigate micro- and mesotexture during the early stages of cold rolling (≤40%). Results showed that the macrotexture evolution for CC and DC materials during cold rolling follows the same path. α and β fibers become developed beyond 50% cold rolling in both CC and DC materials. The highest intensity along the β fiber (skeleton line) is located between the Copper and the S orientations in both materials. There exists a path by which Cube orientation (0 0 1)[1 0 0] transforms to the Brass orientation (0 1 1)[2 1 1] through the CubeND orientation (0 0 1)[1 1 0] after certain cold rolling reductions. In both CC and DC materials, a cell structure develops with the indication of increasing coincidence site lattice (CSL) ∑1 boundaries during the early stages of cold rolling while high-angle boundaries (HABs) are randomized over the misorientation angle. There is no evidence for the development of twin boundaries in both CC and DC materials when the cold rolling reduction is less than 40%. Cold rolling texture itself is not responsible for the different recrystallization behaviors that cause different earing behaviors between CC and DC aluminum alloys.
Disputing Alternatives: Settlement as Science and as Politics

Dispute Resolution, edited by three prominent representatives of the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) movement, is two quite different books in a single volume. On the one hand, it is a collection of some 60 excerpts drawn from a range of literature in dispute processing practice and theory. The collection is eclectic, with articles ranging from detailed considerations of mediation and negotiation strategy ("Getting to Yes," "The Art and Science of Negotiation," "The Strategy of Conflict") to subtle analyses that challenge conventional understandings of what negotiation, mediation, and adjudication consist of, and question the criteria used by many practitioners (including the editors of this book) for distinguishing them. These analyses include Eisenberg's work on the powerful role of implicit third parties in shaping the outcome of "dyadic" negotiation; Menkel-Meadow's discussion of how negotiation processes and structures differ according to the purposes involved; Felstiner and Williams's consideration of the importance for effective mediation of attention to "deep" structural issues that shape interpersonal disputes; and an account by Jimmy Carter that highlights the contingency of mediated settlements on the practice of particular mediators operating in particular relational and political settings. In a volume described as an overview of a "fast-moving" new field and intended to generate "intensive discourse on some of the critical issues affecting it" (at xviii), articles such as these should provide rich basis for debate. They point to the ways in which a "single" procedure such as mediation varies