cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locus of Control and the Moral Reasoning of Managers

Rotter’s theory of internal-external locus of control evolved from Carl Jung’s work. In Psychological Types (1923), Jung defined two opposing tendencies in personality introversion and extroversion. While both tendencies are present in all individuals, one tends to dominate the other. The internal–external control construct was conceived as a generalized expectancy to perceive reinforcement either as contingent upon one’s own behaviors (internal control) or as the result of forces beyond one’s control, such as chance, fate, or powerful others (external control) (Lefcourt, 1981, p. 15). Locus of control refers to those causes to which individuals attribute their successes and failures. Individuals are responsive to some external motivators (e.g. better jobs, promotions, higher salaries), but the more powerful are internal pressures (the desire for increased job satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life). Research indicates that an individual’s internal–external locus of control impacts their ethical behavior in an organization. Rotter’s I–E Scale (1966, Psychological Monographics 80(1), 1–28), a 29 item forced choice instrument, is the most widely used instrument to measure the degree of internality versus externality. Each respondent’s score for this scale had a potential range from 0 to 23. As there are six filler items used to mask the intent of the questionnaire a score of 23 being extremely external in nature and a score of zero being extremely internal in nature. The I Scale (Internal Scale) measures the extent to which people believe that they have control over their own lives; the E Scale (External Scale) measures the extent to which people believe that they do not have control over their own lives. This study utilized the I–E Scale. Jones (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation) and Deflumeri (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation) investigated the likelihood of an individual to engage in unethical behavior in an organization. This research suggests that when employees perceive that locus of control resides internally they themselves decide what is appropriate behavior, but with an external locus of control, employees will look at others to decide appropriate behavior. The researcher in this study investigated the relationship between managers’ locus of control and their moral reasoning.
Abstract B8: Selective inhibition of Stat3 Tyr705 phosphorylation inhibits angiogenesis in breast cancer xenografts.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is recruited, via its SH2 domain, to phosphotyrosine residues on growth factor and IL-6 family receptors at which time it is phosphorylated on Tyr705 by Janus kinases, Src, or the kinase activity of the receptor. Phosphorylation of Tyr705 (pStat3) leads to dimerization, translocation to the nucleus, and transcription of downstream genes. Stat3 is activated in several human cancers and is considered a drug target. Starting with pTyr-Leu-Pro-Gln, we have been developing phosphopeptide mimics to target the SH2 domain with the goal of blocking recruitment to receptors to uncouple Stat3 from its signaling role. We have developed cell-permeable, phosphatase-stable prodrugs that inhibit constitutive and IL-6-stimulated Tyr705 phosphorylation at concentrations of 0.5 − 1 μM in a variety of human cancer cell lines. They are selective for Stat3 over Stat1, Stat5, Src, and PI3K. At 5 μM they are not cytotoxic to a panel of human cancer cell lines. Higher concentrations lead to off-target effects and cytotoxicity. Recent reports indicate that Ser727 phosphorylated Stat3 participates in electron transfer in the mitochodria and unphosphorylated Stat3 participates with NF-κB-mediated transcription. As opposed to Stat3 knockdown techniques which cannot discriminate the multiple roles of Stat3, our prodrugs are potential tools to selectively probe Stat3 phosphorylation. Both intra-tumoral and intra-peritoneal administration of our lead prodrug, PM-73G, resulted in reduction of orthotopic breast tumor xenografts in mice. There was no evidence of apoptosis, reduction of cyclin D1 or survivin. Treated tumors exhibited significant reduction in microvessel density. Thus, selectively inhibiting Tyr705 phosphorylation is a potential antiangiogenic treatment modality. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B8.
Work in progress - implementing a wireless local area network course

Wireless local area networks were once considered a niche network solution. Today, a wireless local area network (WLAN) is no longer just an add-on piece to commercial networks. All industries are being impacted by the flexibility, low-cost, and new markets that WLANs are spurring. One foundational aspect of a wireless network is its inherent nature to be insecure from hackers and the public at large. In educating students to prepare them for roles as network technicians, network administrators, and technology security officers, educational institutions would be amiss to not include wireless local area network technologies and the methodologies with which to secure them in the curriculum. To meet this need, the author has developed a wireless security course at Indianapolis University Purdue University Indianapolis. This paper described the benefits, challenges, funding opportunities, and techniques used in offering coursework dedicated to the theory, construction, implementation, and security concerns of WLANs
Wing extensions for improving climb performance

Recent wind tunnel studies have shown that significant improvements in wing efficiency and climb performance can be achieved using wing extensions having sharp edges and unmodified upper airfoil contours. Based on tests of six configurations, a simple tip shape provided the best wing efficiency at high lift conditions without penalty during cruise conditions. The best configuration tested exhibited more than 20 percent improvement in the maximum rate of climb, plus a reduction in stall speed and a slight improvement in cruise performance over a baseline tip with a round edge. In addition to measurements that were used to determine performance, flow visualization studies provided insight into reasons for improved wing efficiency. Tests were conducted using a high performance general aviation aircraft model with a tapered, cantilevered wing.
Rare event simulation for a generalized Hawkes process

In this paper we study rare event simulation for the tail probability of an affine point process (J t ) t≥0 that generalizes the Hawkes process. By constructing a suitable exponential martingale, we are able to construct an importance sampling algorithm that is logarithmically efficient in the Gartner-Ellis asymptotic regime.
Student perceptions of school efforts to facilitate student involvement, school commitment, self-determination, and high school graduation

This study examined the relationship between student perceptions of school efforts to facilitate student involvement, school commitment, self-determination skills, and ontrack indicators for graduation in 10th grade and actual graduation outcomes two years later. The participants were 154 primarily minority students in a large, urban school district. Student perceptions of higher levels of school efforts to facilitate student involvement was related to an increased likelihood that students had passed a state high stakes assessment and were on-track for graduation at the end of 10th grade and an increased likelihood of actual graduation. Implications for facilitating student involvement in educational planning are discussed.
Selective Inhibition of Bacterial Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetases by Indolmycin Is Mechanism-based *

Indolmycin is a natural tryptophan analog that competes with tryptophan for binding to tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) enzymes. Bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic TrpRSs have comparable affinities for tryptophan (Km ∼ 2 μm), and yet only bacterial TrpRSs are inhibited by indolmycin. Despite the similarity between these ligands, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bs)TrpRS preferentially binds indolmycin ∼1500-fold more tightly than its tryptophan substrate. Kinetic characterization and crystallographic analysis of BsTrpRS allowed us to probe novel aspects of indolmycin inhibitory action. Previous work had revealed that long range coupling to residues within an allosteric region called the D1 switch of BsTrpRS positions the Mg(2+) ion in a manner that allows it to assist in transition state stabilization. The Mg(2+) ion in the inhibited complex forms significantly closer contacts with non-bridging oxygen atoms from each phosphate group of ATP and three water molecules than occur in the (presumably catalytically competent) pre-transition state (preTS) crystal structures. We propose that this altered coordination stabilizes a ground state Mg(2+)·ATP configuration, accounting for the high affinity inhibition of BsTrpRS by indolmycin. Conversely, both the ATP configuration and Mg(2+) coordination in the human cytosolic (Hc)TrpRS preTS structure differ greatly from the BsTrpRS preTS structure. The effect of these differences is that catalysis occurs via a different transition state stabilization mechanism in HcTrpRS with a yet-to-be determined role for Mg(2+). Modeling indolmycin into the tryptophan binding site points to steric hindrance and an inability to retain the interactions used for tryptophan substrate recognition as causes for the 1000-fold weaker indolmycin affinity to HcTrpRS.
An optimal control for a novel ABS based on vehicle dynamic load transfer effect for reducing stopping distance

This article presents an analysis of braking stopping distance performances for a vehicle with an Anti-lock Braking System. We propose a novel electronic braking optimal control for passenger cars based on dynamic and transient factors between the tire/wheel and the vehicle. To improve Anti-lock Braking System braking stopping distance performance, in fact, in this study we take advantage of the vehicle dynamic load transfer effect between tire/wheel and vehicle systems [1]. Novelty of this work lies in presenting a global optimal numerical solution of the optimal control problem that minimizes braking stopping distance of the Anti-lock Braking System by applying nonlinear dynamic programming [2] to a fifth order nonlinear vehicle model with dynamic load transfer. Challenges and benefits of the proposed optimal strategy in terms of reduced braking stopping distance are provided through Matlab numerical optimizations and CarSim high-fidelity simulations.
Teaching global health ethics using simulation: interprofessional training

Abstract Background Many ethical dilemmas in global health fieldwork stem from cultural differences and limited resources, and trainees frequently report feeling ill-equipped to deal with such issues. A literature review shows a need for predeparture training that would enable participants to develop a strategy for recognising and resolving such problems. Methods After reviewing global health ethics education and predeparture training resources, we organised multidisciplinary focus groups with global-health experts at our institution. These sessions identified key ethical issues that our training should address: scope of practice, informed consent, privacy or confidentiality, professional ethics, harm and benefit, and corruption. We then developed four scenarios focusing on these ethical issues. Each scenario was followed by a debriefing session led by a faculty facilitator. We piloted the simulation training with a multidisciplinary cohort (n=27) of postgraduate trainees. All participants completed prestimulation and postsimulation evaluations that assessed their exposure to the scenarios' ethical issues and ability to deal with these ethical dilemmas and identify resources for help. Findings The results showed a significant knowledge gain in the above domains. Paired t-tests were used to compare participants' agreement scores with the statement "I have a strategy to deal with this ethical issue," which significantly increased (p Interpretation Our preliminary results show that the simulation sessions accomplish our training's objectives. Further, our institution's ethics faculty expressed a keen interest in integrating these exercises into the mainstream ethics curriculum. Funding The Haile T Debas Academy of Medical Educators Innovations Funding Grant.
Homologous sequences in the Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus genome are implicated in replication and nesting of the W segment family.

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses with segmented genomes that replicate only in the oviducts of some species of parasitic wasps and are required for the successful parasitization of lepidopteran insects. PDV DNA segments are integrated in the genomes of their associated wasp hosts, and some are nested; i.e., smaller segments are produced from and largely colinear with larger segments. To determine the internal structure of nested viral segments, the first complete nucleotide sequence of a PDV genome segment and its integration locus was determined. By restriction mapping, Southern blot, and sequence analyses, we demonstrated that the Campoletis sonorensis PDV segment W is integrated into wasp genomic DNA. DNA sequence analysis revealed that proviral segment W terminates in two 1,185-bp direct long terminal repeats (LTRs) in the wasp chromosome, while only one LTR copy is present in the extrachromosomal (viral) W. The results suggest that terminal direct repeats are a general feature of PDV DNA segment integration but that the homology and size of the repeats can vary extensively. Segment W contains 12 imperfect direct repeats of six different types between 89 bp and 1.9 kbp with 65 to 90% homology. The orientation and structure of the repeats suggest that W itself may have arisen through sequence duplication and subsequent divergence. Mapping, hybridization, and sequence analyses of cloned R and M demonstrated that these segments are nested within segment W and that internal imperfect direct repeats of one type are implicated in the homologous intramolecular recombination events that generate segments R and M. Interestingly, segment nesting differentially increases the copy number of genes encoded by segment W, suggesting that the unusual genomic organization of PDVs may be directly linked to the unique functions of this virus in its obligate mutualistic association with parasitic wasps.
Good Fat, Bad Fat–Does Location Matter?

A technique that allows rapid noninvasive imaging of abdominal fat without the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation would be useful in diagnosing overweight and obese children and in developing effective strategies for weight management. Siegel et al describe a quick, safe, and reproducible single-section MR method for quantifying subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat and its distribution in preadolescents and adolescents. Although larger studies are needed, their study results confirm the use of T1-weighted MR imaging at a single level for estimating adipose tissne volumes and distribution.
Sex steroid receptor regulation by genistein in the prepubertal rat uterus

We evaluated the mechanism of action by the phytoestrogen genistein in the prepubertal rat uterus, when administered pharmacologically or physiologically. Female rats were injected with genistein (500 microg/g body weight), estradiol benzoate (EB) (500 ng/g body weight) or vehicle, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on days 16, 18, and 20 postnatal. In 21-day-old rats, both compounds increased circulating estradiol and decreased progesterone concentrations. Uterine estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) and androgen receptor (AR) proteins were reduced, and progesterone receptors (PR) were increased, as measured by western blot analyses. Immunohistochemistry for ER-alpha was confirmatory. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses indicated a decrease in ER-alpha, but not in ER-beta, PR and AR mRNA levels following genistein treatment. In prepubertal rats exposed perinatally to 250 mg genistein per kg AIN-76A diet or 250 microg estradiol per kg diet, uterine ER-alpha, AR, and PR proteins were not altered significantly. We conclude that pharmacologic, but not physiologic concentrations of genistein can modulate sex steroid receptor expression in the rat uterus.
Patent Foramen Ovale, Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease and Ischemic Stroke in a Population-Based Cohort

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO), ischemic stroke, and subclinical cerebrovascular disease in the general population. Background PFO is found more frequently in stroke patients than in stroke-free controls. However, the PFO-related stroke risk in the general population is not well established, and the relationship between PFO and silent brain infarcts (SBI) is not known. Methods PFO presence was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography with saline contrast injection in 1,100 stroke-free individuals over age 39 of a community-based sample followed for a mean of 11 years. In addition, 360 participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for SBI detection. We evaluated the risk of stroke associated with PFO after adjusting for established stroke risk factors and examined the odds of having SBI among those with and without PFO. Results PFO was present in 164 participants (14.9%). Over a mean follow-up of 11.0 ± 4.5 years, 111 ischemic strokes occurred (10.1%), 15 (9.2%) in the PFO+ and 96 (10.3%) in the PFO− groups. The 12.5-year cumulative risk of stroke was 10.1% (standard error: 2.5%) in the PFO+ and 10.4% (standard error: 1.1%) in the PFO− group (p = 0.46). The adjusted hazard ratio for PFO and stroke was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64 to 1.91). In the MRI subcohort, PFO was not associated with SBI (adjusted odds ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.50 to 2.62). Conclusions In this community-based cohort, PFO was not associated with an increased risk of clinical stroke or subclinical cerebrovascular disease.
A double coaxial delivery system for deployment of a two-stage stent-graft. An experimental feasibility study.

Purpose: To design and test a delivery system for successive, rapid two-stage deployment of an aortic stent graft. Material and Methods: An aortic stent graft was made that consisted of two separate parts. A delivery system composed of two independent coaxial mechanisms was fabricated and used to deploy the stages of the graft in dogs' aortas. Results : Delivery was successful in all four dogs, and required less than 2 min in each animal. Conclusion: The double coaxial delivery system enabled quick endovascular assembly of a two-stage aortic stent-graft.
The Reproductive State of Female Voles Affects their Scent Marking Behavior and the Responses of Male Conspecifics to Such Marks

During the breeding season, the reproductive condition of female mammals changes. Females may or may not be sexually receptive. We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether reproductive condition of female meadow voles affects their scent marking behavior as well as the scent marking behavior of male conspecifics. In expt 1, females in postpartum estrus (PPE females) deposited more scent marks than females that were neither pregnant nor lactating (REF females) or ovariectomized females (OVX females). In expt 2, male voles scent marked more and deposited more over-marks in areas marked by PPE females than by REF and OVX females. In expt 3, PPE females deposited more scent marks and over-marks in areas marked by males than did females in the other reproductive states. The results of these experiments showed that male and female voles may vary in the number, type and location of scent marks they deposit in areas scented by particular conspecifics.
Intraocular retinal prosthesis

Retinal prostheses have the potential to restore some level of visual function to blind individuals. While visual prosthetic devices for the optic nerve and visual cortex also have potential application, the retinal approach offers the advantage of relatively accessible retinal neurons in the back of the eye. Biological studies have demonstrated biocompatibility of implantation and stimulation and have investigated retinal response to stimulation. Recent clinical trials have shown that a prototype epiretinal implant, despite having few electrodes contacting the retina, still allows test subjects to perform simple visual tasks. Ongoing engineering research is focusing on the fabrication of a high-resolution implant
Newspapers and Newspaper Ink Contain Agonists for the Ah Receptor

Ligand-dependent activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway leads to a diverse array of biological and toxicological effects. The best-studied ligands for the AhR include polycyclic and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, the most potent of which is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, as new AhR ligands are identified and characterized, their structural and physiochemical diversity continues to expand. Our identification of AhR agonists in crude extracts from diverse materials raises questions as to the magnitude and extent of human exposure to AhR ligands through normal daily activities. We have found that solvent extracts of newspapers from countries around the world stimulate the AhR signaling pathway. AhR agonist activity was observed for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, and water extracts of printed newspaper, unprinted virgin paper, and black printing ink, where activation of luciferase reporter gene expression was transient, suggesting that the AhR active chemical(s) was metabolically labile. DMSO and ethanol extracts also stimulated AhR transformation and DNA binding, and also competed with [ 3 H]TCDD for binding to the AhR. In addition, DMSO extracts of printed newspaper induced cytochrome P450 1A associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Although the responsible bioactive chemical(s) remain to be identified, our results demonstrate that newspapers and printing ink contain relatively potent metabolically labile agonists of the AhR. Given the large amount of recycling and reprocessing of newspapers throughout the world, release of these easily extractable AhR agonists into the environment should be examined and their potential effects on aquatic organisms assessed.
Human Error and Patient Safety: Interdisciplinary Course

Background: The medical community has only recently begun to address how human error affects patient safety. In order to confront human error in medicine, there is a need to teach students who are entering the health professions how potential errors may manifest and train them to prevent or mitigate these problems. Purpose: The objective is to describe a semester-long, interdisciplinary, human error and patient safety course taught at the University of South Florida. Methods: Six interdisciplinary groups, composed of students from five of the university's colleges, were formed. The curriculum consisted of expert lecturers, readings, case studies, and analysis of patient safety problems. Students were evaluated based on their group's work on the final project and peer evaluations. Results: Nursing students scored the highest in each category evaluated. Physicians and medical students had the lowest evaluations in team participation and active engagement. All students rated the course highly and indicated t...
Human macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in proliferation to soluble antigen: II. Characterization of lymphocyte binding to antigen-pulsed macrophage monolayers☆

Abstract Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes from individuals immune to tetanus toxoid (TT) or mumps soluble antigen can be depleted of cells capable of proliferating in response to these antigens by specific adsorption to antigen-pulsed macrophage (Mφ) monolayers. Specific adsorption is manifest by depletion of proliferative activity (measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation) in the fraction of T lymphocytes nonadherent to Mφ monolayers pulsed with the appropriate antigen. The occurrence of T lymphocyte-Mφ binding is supported by experiments which failed to detect cell-free factors or cells capable of inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation in the nonadherent lymphoid population. A quantitative analysis of the immunoadsorption assay suggests that proliferative activity representing at least 90% of that displayed by reciprocal control lymphocytes can be depleted on Mφ monolayers. Experiments employing varying numbers of adsorbing Mφ relative to T lymphocytes have established practical limits which predict the efficiency of adsorption. Kinetic studies indicate that specific adsorption occurs within 1 hr, with maximal levels or binding evident by 4–6 hr; binding remains stable for at least 16 hr. Specific adsorption is temperature dependent, occurring maximally at 37 °C, but not at all at 4 °C. T lymphocyte-Mφ interaction is complex and includes more than a recognition of pulsed antigen alone. This conclusion is supported by the finding that antigen-pulsed Mφ fail to absorb MLC-nonidentical allogeneic lymphocytes and that a heterologous antiserum directed against human Ia-like molecules (p23,30) inhibits specific T cell-Mφ binding.
COX-2 selective NSAIDs and advancing legal issues in palliative care.

The role of the cycloxygenase-2 selective NSAIDs in palliative care has not been studied, per se, but the improved adverse gastrointestinal and platelet effect profiles of these newer agents over nonselective NSAIDs offers potential advantages in patients with advanced disease. These issues are discussed.The need for greater emphasis on scientific and evidence-based approaches to palliative care is great and generally recognized in the clinical and scientific communities. Recent legal opinions about aggressive care of patients approaching end of life has increased this need. The clinical and ethical implications of these decisions are discussed.
Complement C5b-9 Increases Plasminogen Binding and Activation on Human Endothelial Cells

Deposition of the terminal complement proteins (C5b-9) on human endothelial cells can result in cell lysis or nonlytic alterations of cell function including procoagulant responses. Because regulation of fibrinolysis is a central endothelial function and because C9 contains a carboxyl-terminal lysine similar to other proteins that bind and facilitate activation of plasminogen (PG), the effects of complement injury on PG binding and activation on these cells were investigated. Activation of complement through deposition of C5b67 complexes on endothelial cells resulted in a small increase (approximately 20%) in PG binding. Incorporation of C8 into C5b-8 resulted in no further increase in binding; however, specific 125I-PG binding was increased by approximately 100% after C5b-9 deposition. Moreover, PG was found to bind specifically to C7 and C9. The PG bound to endothelial cells after C5b-9 deposition was readily activated by tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA). In a cell-free system, complement C9 and a synthetic peptide composed of the 20 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of C9 enhanced PG activation by TPA. Removal of the carboxyl-terminal lysine of C9 abolished the enhancement of PG activation without diminishing PG binding. We conclude that membrane C9 may comprise a binding site for PG and serve to enhance activation of this zymogen by TPA. These findings suggest that immune injury to the endothelium may enhance both the fibrin-generating and fibrinolytic capacity of the vessel wall.
Histologic Demonstration of Glycosaminoglycans in Inner Ear Fluids

. ActaOtolaryngol (Stockh) 1998; 118: 505–510.Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) which has been demonstrated by biochemical and histochemical methodsto be present in inner ear ﬂuids and tissues. However, consistent labeling of hyaluronic acid or other GAGs in inner earﬂuid compartments in histologic sections has not been previously reported. Staining and characterization of GAGs in thenormal inner ear ﬂuids of humans and guinea pigs are described in this report. It was initially observed that alcian blueproduces dense staining of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic ﬂuid compartments in celloidin embedded material.Results obtained with alcian blue were subsequently compared to staining obtained with hematoxylin:eosin and periodicacid:Schiff base. Enzyme digestion was also performed with testicular hyaluronidase (bovine and ovine), streptomyceshyaluronidase, chondroitase ABC, and a-amylase. Results of the differential staining and enzyme digestion studies suggestthat the substances in inner ear ﬂuids that stain with alcian blue are a combination of chondroitin sulfate-4, -5 and:or -6and hyaluronic acid.
Exercise-induced muscle injury augments forearm vascular resistance during leg exercise

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of exercise-induced muscle injury on hemodynamic responses during exercise. Ten subjects performed unilateral isometric knee exten...
Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for a Young Child With Cerebral Palsy: Two Episodes of Care

Background and Purpose. This case report describes the use of “Pediatric Constraint-Induced Therapy (Pediatric CI Therapy)” given on 2 separate occasions for a young child with quadriparetic cerebral palsy. Case Description. The child was 15 months of age at the beginning of the first episode of care. She had previously received weekly physical therapy and occupational therapy for 11 months, but she had no functional use of her right upper extremity (UE), independently or in an assistive manner. She scored from 5 to 7 months below her chronological age on developmental assessments in gross motor, fine motor, and self-help skills. Intervention. Pediatric CI Therapy involved placement of a full-arm, bivalved cast on the child's less affected UE while providing 3 weeks of intensive intervention (6 hours a day) for the child's more affected UE (intervention 1). Therapy included activities that were goal oriented but broken down into progressively more challenging step-by-step tasks. Pediatric CI Therapy was administered again 5 months later to promote UE skills and independence (intervention 2). Outcomes. The child developed new behaviors throughout both interventions. During intervention 1, the child developed independent reach, grasp, release, weight bearing (positioned prone on elbows) of both UEs, gestures, self-feeding, sitting, and increased interactive play using both UEs. During intervention 2, she had increased independence and improved quality of UE movement, as supported by blinded clinical evaluations and parent ratings.
The role of monoamine oxidase A in aggression: Current translational developments and future challenges

Drawing upon the recent resurgence of biological criminology, several studies have highlighted a critical role for genetic factors in the ontogeny of antisocial and violent conduct. In particular, converging lines of evidence have documented that these maladaptive manifestations of aggression are influenced by monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), the enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of brain serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. The interest on the link between MAOA and aggression was originally sparked by Han Brunner's discovery of a syndrome characterized by marked antisocial behaviors in male carriers of a nonsense mutation of this gene. Subsequent studies showed that MAOA allelic variants associated with low enzyme activity moderate the impact of early-life maltreatment on aggression propensity. In spite of overwhelming evidence pointing to the relationship between MAOA and aggression, the neurobiological substrates of this link remain surprisingly elusive; very little is also known about the interventions that may reduce the severity of pathological aggression in genetically predisposed subjects. Animal models offer a unique experimental tool to investigate these issues; in particular, several lines of transgenic mice harboring total or partial loss-of-function Maoa mutations have been shown to recapitulate numerous psychological and neurofunctional endophenotypes observed in humans. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the link between MAOA and aggression; in particular, we will emphasize how an integrated translational strategy coordinating clinical and preclinical research may prove critical to elucidate important aspects of the pathophysiology of aggression, and identify potential targets for its diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
Feedlot Cattle Pneumonias

The etiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology of feedlot cattle pneumonias are discussed. This information enables a clinician with a feedlot cattle pneumonia problem to give prompt, useful advice on cause, prevention, and treatment based on findings of the feedlot visit.
The effects of chemical kinetics on the ignition of confined propane-air mixtures by hot particles and hot wires

Some simplif ied reaction mechanisms for paraffin hydrocarbon oxidation are examined by studying the ignition o f a confined propalle-air mixture. Ignition by a hot spherical particle and by a hot cylindrical wire is considered. Reaction mechanisms studied are: 1 1 ) a one-step scheme with Unit and non-unity concentration 'exponents. (2) a two-step scheme. and (3) a four-step scheme. Tne rime-dependent equations are solved numerically. Results are presented in terms of ignition snoi3y and ignition delay time as functions of mixture pressure. eqcivalence ratic and ignition source geometry foi the various reaction mechanisms. One-reactiars schsme with unity concentrativn exponents is found to be completely inadequate in predicting the ignition characteristics. R Y universal gas constant, 1.98717 callmolel°K gas constant, atm Cm31gmiDK temporal coordinate. sec
Automatic, High-Resolution Analysis of Urine for Its Ultraviolet-Absorbing Constituents.∗

Over 300 compounds have been reported in human urine (1-4). These include inorganic compounds, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, purines and related compounds, enzymes, hormones, vitamins and their metabolites, estrogens, and many other organic compounds. The quantities of these constituents found in individual urine samples represent a wealth of information that can be used to evaluate body functions. Such quantitative data have been collected on a limited basis for many years and, as a result, many molecular constituents have been shown to have pathological significance. For example, a high uric acid content is associated with gout(5) and some leukemias (6); a high urocanic acid content is sometimes found in conjunction with asthma(7); large amounts of phenolic and indole amines appear to be excreted by schizophrenics(8), etc.The Molecular Anatomy (MAN) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(9) is concerned with the description, at the molecular level, of the structure and organization of cells and ...
Levels of Wounding in the Meadow Vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus

Changes in aggression based on levels of wounding were determined from a peak and declining population of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus , from Virginia. Monthly samples yielded more than 600 live-trapped voles for which reproductive estimates and wounding counts were made over a 23-month period. Puncture wounds and pigmented scars, detected on everted skins of autopsied voles, were graded by a wounding index and analyzed by Chi-square tests. Levels of wounding were comparatively great in males, in winter-caught voles of both sexes, among males from reproductively active months, and among fertile males but not females. More than half of the females were wounded. Wounding was not positively related to population density in males or in females, and may in fact have been most severe in low density, declining populations.
The development of cutaneous hypersensitiveness following the intestinal absorption of antigenic protein.

It has been shown by Schloss and Anderson,1 and Anderson and Schloss2 that marasmic infants frequently absorb antigenic protein from the intestinal tract in amounts sufficient to cause the appearance of specific precipitin in the blood. In many instances also, the blood has the power passively to sensitize guinea pigs to the specific protein. It seemed of interest therefore to determine whether the enteral absorption of antigenic protein leads also to cutaneous hypersensitiveness.Tests were made using both the cutaneous and intracutaneous methods. In no case was the reaction by the cutaneous method positive. Accordingly, the data presented in this paper is based solely on the results of the intracutaneous tests.Solutions of the proteins in physiological saline were made up at frequent intervals. Dilutions of 1:lo0 to 1:l000 were employed, the strength varying with the different proteins used. Chinosol was added as a preservative. One twentieth of a cubic centimeter of the test solution was injected intrad...
Conformational analysis of thioflavin T bound to the surface of amyloid fibrils.

The interaction of small molecules with the surface of amyloid assemblies is important for the detection and inhibition of amyloid formation. Thioflavin T (ThT), a small molecular rotor, has been used for the detection of amyloid fibrils for over half a century. The basis for detection is simple in that in the presence of fibrils the fluorescence of ThT is dramatically enhanced. The mechanism for this enhancement is not well understood but may depend on the determination of the conformation of ThT bound to the fibril surface. Here, we first use solution-state 1H NMR to show that the on–off binding of ThT to the surface of insulin amyloid fibrils correlates with the enhancement of ThT fluorescence. We then show that the conformation of surface-bound ThT is twisted. The implications of this result in light of recent experimental and computational studies of the binding of ThT to amyloid or amyloid-like assemblies are discussed.
Clinical Observation of"Ningmitai Capsule"in Treating 143 Cases of Inflammatory Oligospermia

One hundred and forty-three cases of inflammatory oligospermia were treated with "Ningmitai Capsule",ATP and vitamin E for 60 days.Results:After treatment,the sperm density,survival rate,vitality and dissolution were obviously improved(P 0.05);the white blood cell and lecithin corpuscle in the prostate fluid were also improved.
Inhibition of lens opacification in x-irradiated rats treated with WR-77913.

Radiation induced cataracts are models for studying mechanisms of lens opacification. WR-77913, S-3-(amino-2-hydroxypropyl) phosphorothioate (NCS-318809), has been identified as a radioprotective agent. Injection of WR-77913 (1160 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 to 30 min before exposure to 15.3 gray of x-irradiation inhibited rat lenses from developing radiation cataracts. Irradiated rats which did not receive the drug developed dense cataracts. Lenses from control rats which received no radiation remained transparent. Individual lenses were weighed, homogenized, and assayed for protein content using the Lowry method. The molecular weight distribution of soluble protein was determined by HPLC. Mean lens weights were: controls 48.2 mg; irradiated, drug-treated 45.9 mg; and irradiated, nontreated 45.5 mg. Protein accounted for over 40% of the lens weight in control and drug-treated rats and less than 20% for the nontreated cataractous lenses. Water was less than 60% of the lens weight in control and drug-treated rats and over 80% in cataractous lenses. Insoluble protein ranged from 12 to 17% of the total lens weight for each group. The ratio of insoluble to soluble lens protein was 0.40 for control, 0.65 for drug-treated, and 11.28 for cataractous rat lenses. HPLC confirmed a dramatic loss of soluble protein and a complete absence of protein below 25K daltons in cataractous lenses. Proteins below 25K daltons accounted for over 25% of the soluble protein in control and drug-treated rat lenses. WR-77913 stabilizes protein composition and appears to be an effective inhibitor of radiation cataractogenesis.
Noria: A Highly Xe‐Selective Nanoporous Organic Solid

Separation of xenon and krypton is of industrial and environmental concern; the existing technologies use cryogenic distillation. Thus, a cost-effective, alternative technology for the separation of Xe and Kr and their capture from air is of significant importance. Herein, we report the selective Xe uptake in a crystalline porous organic oligomeric molecule, noria, and its structural analogue, PgC-noria, under ambient conditions. The selectivity of noria towards Xe arises from its tailored pore size and small cavities, which allows a directed non-bonding interaction of Xe atoms with a large number of carbon atoms of the noria molecular wheel in a confined space.
Evaluation of the Barr & Stroud FP15 and Criterion 400 Laser Dendrometers for Measuring Upper Stem Diameters and Heights

Calibrated Barr & Stroud FP15 and Criterion 400 laser dendrometers were tested for reliability in measuring upper stem diameters and heights under typical field conditions. Data were collected in the Black Hills National Forest, which covers parts of South Dakota and Wyoming in the United States. Mixed effects models were employed to account for differences between users of the dendrometers and to test for significant differences between the heights and diameters measured indirectly (by dendrometer) and directly (by caliper and linear tape). The location at which measure- ments were taken on each tree was determined by paint marks along the bole. No significant differences between users were found. The Barr & Stroud consistently overestimated diameters by approximately 0.3 cm (0.1 in). Unbiased estimates of diameter were obtained with the Criterion 400. For height measurements, neither the Barr & Stroud nor the Criterion 400 produced unbiased measurements. The effect of distance to the base of the tree and height of the diameter measurement on the variability of the measurements was also studied. As distance increased, the variability of diameter measurements increased for both dendrometers. For the measurement of height, only the Barr & Stroud exhibited an increase in the variability of measurements with increasing distance. After correcting the data for their biases, taper equations were fitted to them and analyzed. The equations generated from the Barr & Stroud were not significantly different from those generated from direct measurement, unlike the Criterion 400 where taper equations generated were statistically different. A brief study of the effects of familiarity with each dendrometer indicated that the measurement error and variability decreased as the user became more familiarwith the Criterion. This was not the case for the Barr & Stroud. FOR. SCI. 45(1):53-61. ANY OF THE INSTRUMENTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE for performed with some of these instruments is estimation of measuring tree height have been thoroughly tested upper stem diameters. The accuracy of the Barr & ~troud evaluated 1951, B~~~~ 1975, R~~~ dendrometer has been studied by Grosenbaugh (1963), Bell
Co-occurrence of spatial neglect and perseveration contributes to cognitive and functional impairment. (P5.179)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether perseveration marks more severe spatial neglect (SN) and functional disability. If different neural mechanisms underlie functional disability due to SN versus perseveration, functional disability may not increase when both deficits are present. BACKGROUND: SN is characterized by the inability to attend, respond, or act toward contralesional stimuli. SN often co-occurs with perseveration, characterized by repetitive movement in one location. Symptoms of both SN and perseveration can be observed during the same task, such as target cancellation, but may be related to different neural mechanisms. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of right brain stroke survivors screened for SN (n=136; 52.9[percnt] female; age: M=65.9 yrs, SD=14.76). Participants completed the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT), Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Luria Contrasting Programs (CP), and Barthel Index (BI). BIT scores below 129 were classified as SN. Repeated cancellations in BIT’s line crossing cancellation task were scored as perseverative responses. RESULTS: 71 participants had SN and also demonstrated at least one perseverative response (N+P+), 31 had SN only (N+P-), 8 had perseverations only (N-P+), and 26 showed neither perseverations nor SN (N-P-). Using Kruskal-Wallis H tests with Mann-Whitney U adjusted pairwise post-hoc comparisons, we found significant differences among groups on all three measures (all p’s<0.001). Consistent with the neglect severity hypothesis, patients with perseverations only had less disability on the BI, as did patients without SN or perseveration (p<0.001). N+P+ patients also had poor MMSE scores compared to the other groups (all p’s< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Perseveration combined with SN was associated with more functional disability and cognitive dysfunction, consistent with our prediction and Gandola et al. (2007). Further research examining the neuroanatomic correlates of SN and perseveration in relation to functional disability, rather than only in relation to laboratory tasks, may help elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these two disorders. Disclosure: Dr. Caulfield has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barrett has received personal compensation for activities with Medscape/emedicine. Dr. Barrett9s institution has received research support from NIH, NIDRR, the Healthcare Foundation of NJ, the Mabel H. Flory Trust, the Wallerstein Foundation for Geria
Challenges for designing notifications for affective computing systems

Affective computing systems blend technical and social elements and present challenges for designing notifications. As the number of applications expand that utilize notifications, we need to consider that competing for attention is a concern. With respect to promoting positive health behaviors, notifications need to be adapted to times when a user is vulnerable and receptive for a health intervention but also to users' attentional states. In this paper we outline affective computing projects and in the workshop will discuss challenges of designing interventions to promote positive behaviors in real world environments.
Indefinite Detention in the War on Terror: Why the Criminal Justice System is the Answer

The act of terrorism is not a new form of deviance or bravado. Yet since 9/11, it has been treated as a form of 'war' rather than as 'crime'. This distinction has served to legitimize terrorist organizations objectives, weaken the rule of law, converge the military and traditional criminal justice system models in adjudicating terrorists, and call into question the reach humanitarian law has in this convergence. This article examines the development of indefinite detention as it has been used in the 'War on Terror' and argues that the American criminal justice system holds the key to resolving many of these aforementioned issues. Thus, a divergence of military and criminal justice models is necessary if we are to preserve constitutional safeguards and exemplify both a strong and unified response to terrorism, while simultaneously exhibiting the standards of an evolving society under the paradigm of Just War.
Can STEM Be Stemmed? An Essay Review of Andrew Hacker, The Math Myth and Other STEM Delusions (New York, NY: The New Press, 2016. 239 pp. $25.95. ISBN 978-1-62097-068-3)

Educational policy in a number of nations has stressed the importance of STEM and advanced mathematics. This article examines Andrew Hacker’s analysis of the uncritical acceptance of STEM and advanced mathematics and of its empirical, epistemological, political, and educational assumptions. Although I support Hacker’s claims, I also raise a number of questions about some of his own assumptions and arguments. On the whole, however, The Math Myth is an important book, one that should be read by both supporters of STEM in curriculum and teaching and by those who are deeply concerned about its dominance.