cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH A STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM

As globalization has altered the way the world works, cross-cultural competence has become a vital skill that employers look for in the workplace. In order to further develop students’ intercultural competencies, and meet the demands of the workplace, most business schools offer study abroad opportunities. These programs have consistently gained popularity over the years as business schools have strived to internationalize their curriculums. In order to encourage more students to engage in study abroad programs it is important to assess the efficacy of these programs, as well as participants’ satisfaction with the experience. The purpose of this exploratory study, accordingly, was to examine students’ motivations for participating in a faculty-led study abroad program to Peru; and their subsequent perceptions, personal development, and satisfaction with the program. This study utilized a qualitative approach to uncover key constructs and provide rich insights. Consistent with the confirmation-disconfirmation paradigm, this study examined both pre-program expectations and post-program outcomes. In-depth interviews revealed a high degree of personal and professional development, i.e., that post-program students were more interculturally proficient and global minded, and high levels of satisfaction and delight.
Endoscopic revision of gastric bypass using plication technique: an adjustable approach

Video 1This video case presentation highlights a 65-year-old woman with weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and a dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis who presented for endoscopic revision of her gastric bypass involving a plication technique, followed by gastrojejunal anastomosis stenosis dilation.
Transoral thyroidectomy-learning curve.

Professor Bertelli and cols. from Brazil have reported their early experience and complications during learning curve of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) (). The authors have described their early experience of multiple institutions in Brasil having learned TOETVA either in Korea or in John Hopkins-Baltimore. They developed a study group, TOETVA-Bra. Two of the authors are from Johns Hopkins who have larger experience. The authors have reported a collective early experience of 93 patients undergoing TOETVA. Fifty-eight percent had [...]
Intra-Tumoral Activation of Endosomal TLR Pathways Reveals a Distinct Role for TLR3 Agonist Dependent Type-1 Interferons in Shaping the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have received considerable attention as therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy owing to their ability to convert immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments towards a more T-cell inflamed phenotype. However, TLRs differ in their cell expression profiles and intracellular signaling pathways, raising the possibility that distinct TLRs differentially influence the tumor immune microenvironment. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we address this by comparing the tumor immune composition of B16F10 melanoma following treatment with agonists of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Marked differences are observed between treatments, including decreased tumor-associated macrophages upon TLR7 agonist treatment. A biased type-1 interferon signature is elicited upon TLR3 agonist treatment as opposed to a type-2 interferon signature with TLR9 agonists. TLR3 stimulation was associated with increased macrophage antigen presentation gene expression and decreased expression of PD-L1 and the inhibitory receptors Pirb and Pilra on infiltrating monocytes. Furthermore, in contrast to TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, TLR3 stimulation ablated FoxP3 positive CD4 T cells and elicited a distinct CD8 T cell activation phenotype highlighting the potential for distinct synergies between TLR agonists and combination therapy agents.
Associations of Medication Regimen Complexity with COPD Medication Adherence and Control

Introduction Medication adherence is often low among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and medication regimen complexity may be a contributing factor. In this study, we sought to examine the role of medication regimen complexity in COPD medication adherence among patients with multimorbidity. Methods We performed cross-sectional analysis of data on COPD patients in primary care and pulmonary practices in New York City and Chicago (n=400). Regimen complexity was represented by the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) and simple medication count. Adherence was measured by self-report and inhaler dose counts. Disease control measures included the COPD severity score (COPDSS) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) severity index. Results Mean age of study participants was 69 years, 66% had MRC grades 4 or 5, and 45% had low medication adherence. MRCI scores did not differ significantly between those with and without adequate medication adherence. Patients with higher MRCI scores were more likely to have severe COPD (OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.46-17.1, p=0.01) and dyspnea grades 3 or 4 (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.03-5.03, p=0.04). Significant associations of medication count with COPD severity were also observed. Discussion These findings demonstrate that among patients with COPD and comorbid hypertension and diabetes, higher medication regimen complexity is associated with worse COPD control but not with COPD medication adherence.
Improved symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome after novel lymphatic treatment and interdisciplinary pain management.

Abstract Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a pain syndrome with no singular mechanism and no specific cure. The aim of this case report is to study the impact of Lymphatic Enhancement Technology (LET) treatment on CRPS-related symptoms. Methods A 51 year-old female presented with a chief complaint of severe, refractory ankle pain and CRPS related to a tibial and fibular fracture sustained three years earlier. The patient completed twelve cognitive behavioral therapy sessions over a 4-week period, and eleven physical therapy sessions over a four-month period, six of which utilized LET. Results Pain and swelling were largely unchanged with interdisciplinary treatment before the introduction of LET. A within-session change of 37.5% in pain intensity and 87.5% in ankle girth was observed immediately after the first application of LET. Three months after beginning LET treatment, the patient maintained a 43.8% improvement in pain intensity and 100% improvement in measurements of lower extremity girth and ankle range of motion. No side effects or adverse events were associated with the LET treatment. Conclusion Swelling, pain, and mobility loss are common symptoms and features of CRPS. LET is a novel, non-invasive treatment that appears to be quite safe and effective for improving pain, swelling, and mobility loss related to CRPS.
Morton Horwitz Wrestles with the Rule of Law

In 1976, in the early years of the critical legal studies movement, the distinguished legal historian Morton Horwitz famously criticized E.P. Thompson for describing the rule of law as "an unqualified human good." Consistent with his more general skepticism about rights discourse, Horwitz argued that the rule of law tended to promote substantive inequality. Rule of law worship formed part of an ideology that supported and apologized for injustices by separating law from politics, means from ends, and processes from outcomes.This essay describes Horwitz's changing views about the rule of law — in his magisterial two volume work, The Transformation of American Law; in his studies of the jurisprudential foundations of the administrative state; and in his historical work on the Warren Court, in which he comes to accept the need for judicial protection of rights to ensure democracy.By the early twenty-first century, skeptics of the rule of law had to contend with the consequences of the Supreme Court's unpersuasive decision in Bush v. Gore, which settled the 2000 election; as well as the legally dubious tactics employed in the subsequent Bush Administration's War on Terror. Horwitz's scholarly evolution shows his growing recognition that, even if the rule of law is not an unqualified good, undervaluing the rule of law may undermine other important political values as well.The challenge for contemporary American legal scholarship — which has inherited a deeply instrumental conception of law from legal realism — is whether legal scholars can find an adequate language to synthesize that realist and critical conception with the affirmative political values that lie at the heart of the rule of law. Morton Horwitz’s struggles with the rule of law are also our own.
Environment’s Most Dangerous Pest: Man

The title of this paper suggests a breadth which is misleading and an indictment of man which needs further explanation. It may not even be an appropriate title as the list of issues with which I will deal are considerably less inclusive than a thorough listing of environmental problems might be. The indictment of man, however, at this point in history seems justified. Virtually every thoughtful person agrees that the environment is being affected in deletrious ways by the collective actions of man, and man collectively must be held accountable for his actions.
In the name of God: How children and adults judge agents who act for religious versus secular reasons.

Many people are guided by religious beliefs, but judgments of religiously and secularly motivated individuals remain unclear. We investigated reasoning about religiously versus secularly motivated characters among 5- to 10-year-olds and adults. In Study 1, theist and non-theist children reported similar attitudes toward theists; however, large differences emerged between theist and non-theist adults. Study 2 obtained similar results using a continuous, rather than forced choice, measure of preference. Additionally, Studies 2–3 tested two explanations for the stronger influence of religious background on adults’ versus children’s responses. Study 2 did not find strong evidence for the theistic majority account, which posits that the greater perceived prevalence of theists as compared with non-theists influenced children’s responses more than adults’ responses. The results of Study 3 were consistent with the intuition account, which argues that non-theist adults had effortfully overridden the teleological intuitions that may have influenced children’s responses in Studies 1–2 and potentially led children to prefer characters whose beliefs were in line with children’s own intuitions. The degree to which teleological intuitions persisted implicitly among adults predicted those adults’ pro-theist preferences. These findings offer connections between religious judgments and other areas of social cognition, such as social preferences and teleology.
Investor Sophistication and the Mispricing of Accruals

This paper examines the role of institutional investors in the pricing of accruals. Using Bushee;s (1998) classification of institutional investors, we show that firms with a high level of institutional ownership and a minimum threshold level of active institutional traders have stock prices that more accurately reflect the persistence of accruals. This result holds after controlling for differences in the persistence of accruals between firms with high and low institutional ownership, and after controlling for other characteristics that are correlated with institutional ownership and future returns. Additionally, firms with low institutional ownership are smaller, less profitable, and have lower share turnover, suggesting that limits to arbitrage impede institutional investors from exploiting the seemingly large abnormal returns for these firms.
The coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus. I. Location of the gene by mixed infection.

Abstract The coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is located in the first half of its RNA genome starting from the 5′-end. The approximate location of this gene was found by mixed infection experiments in tobacco using non-infectious halfparticles of TMV containing the 5′-end of RNA together with infectious Holmes's ribgrass strain of TMV. The synthesis of viral coat proteins in vivo was detected by agar gel serology and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide.
The relationship between direct immediate skin tests and passive transfer tests in man. Studies in the penicillin allergy system.

Abstract Direct skin tests and passive transfer tests were compared as to their abilities to detect skin-sensitizing antibody (SSA) to penicillin haptens in man. Direct skin tests were found to be a generally more sensitive detector of SSA. However, in some cases where penicillin therapy had been given recently, and the immune response to penicillin was still evolving, direct skin tests were negative in the face of positive passive transfer tests of the same specificity.
Empirical Analysis of a Stochastic Approximation Approach for Computing Quasi-stationary Distributions

This paper studies a method for estimating the quasi-stationary distribution of various interacting particle processes has been proposed by [6, 5, 8]. This method improved upon existing methods in eigenvector estimation by eliminating the need for explicit transition matrix representation and multiplication. However, this method has no firm theoretical foundation. Our paper analyzes the algorithm by casting it as a stochastic approximation algorithm (Robbins-Monro) [12]. In doing so, we prove its convergence and rate of convergence. Based on this insight, we also give an example where the rate of convergence is very slow. This problem can be alleviated by using an improved version of this algorithm that is given in this paper. Numerical experiments are described that demonstrate the effectiveness of this improved method.
A Probabilistic View of Certain Weighted Fibonacci Sums

; (9)where the coecients e(n;j) are the Eulerian numbers [2, Sequence A008292],de ned bye(n;j) = j e(n 1;j) + (n j + 1) e(n 1;j 1) with e(1;1) = 1:(The fact that these are indeed the coecients of the polynomial in the numeratorof (9) can be proven quickly by induction.) From the information found in [2,Sequence A008292], we knowe(n;j) =
On the sharpness of a needle [electromagnetic propagation]

In a recent paper [Oct. 2003], Van Bladel discussed in detail the behavior of fields and surface charges near singularities of metallic structures, such as a hollow circular cylinder, a circular cone, a thin prolate spheroid, and a uniformly charged segment. At times, the reasoning in [Van Bladel, Oct. 2003] leads to conclusions not as definitive as one might wish because of the various approximations introduced, such as the electrostatic limit for the field or idealized singularities for the conductors (e.g., the tip of a cone). In this work, an example is provided that may assist in shedding some light on the questions raised in [Van Bladel, Oct. 2003], because it consists of an exact, closed-form, simple solution to a boundary-value problem that is valid at all frequencies. The problem consists of a plane wave propagating in free space and axially incident on the convex side of a paraboloid of revolution. This problem was solved by Schensted [1955] for a perfectly conducting (PEC) paraboloid, and by Roy and Uslenghi [Oct. 1997] for an isorefractive paraboloid, which comprises the PEC paraboloid as a particular case. A remarkable fact is that these exact solutions are also the geometrical optics solutions.
Homogeneous Gas Phase Oxidation Processes in the Troposphere

Principal gas phase oxidation reactions governing in situ formation and removal of various C-, N-, S-, and halogen-containing trace gases in the global troposphere are reviewed briefly. Many important gas phase reactions are common to both the troposphere and the stratosphere. However, because of the substantially different chemical compositions and physical conditions between the two spheres, there exist numerous gas phase oxidation processes which can be considered unique to the troposphere. O3 plays the key role as the primary oxidizing agent. It reacts with compounds such as NOx (NO + NO2) and unsaturated hydrocarbons directly, and more importantly, leads to the formation of HO radical upon photodissociation. HO-initiated oxidation provides the major path for transformation of a large variety of tropospheric compounds and determines their chemical lifetimes. In these processes, numerous oxygen containing intermediates including free radicals are produced and subsequently converted to thermodynamically more stable products which are eventually removed from the gas phase by heterogeneous processes. Notably, chemical transformations of various trace gases are closely coupled and mutually interrelated by reactions involving common oxidizing or reducing species. At present, there is considerable uncertainty in the identity and fate of compounds produced in situ in the troposphere. Some of the existing uncertainties concerning the potentially important gas phase oxidation processes are indicated.
What's Wrong with Rex? Hegel on Animal Defect and Individuality

In his Logic, Hegel argues that evaluative judgments are comparisons between the reality of an individual object and the standard for that reality found in the object's own concept. Understood in this way, an object is bad (ugly, etc.) insofar as it fails to be what it is according to its concept. In his recent Life and Action, Michael Thompson has suggested that we can understand various kinds of natural defect (i.e., defects in living things) in a similar way, and that if we do, we can helpfully see intellectual and moral badness—irrationality and vice—as themselves varieties of natural defect. In this paper, I argue that Hegel's position on animal individuality denies the claim that irrationality and vice are forms of natural defect. Hegel's account of the individuality proper to the animal organism in the Philosophy of Nature clearly disallows evaluative judgments about animals and thereby establishes a well-defined conceptual distinction between natural defect and intellectual or ethical—i.e., broadly spiritual or geistliche—defect. Hegel thus provides a way of maintaining the difference between nature and spirit within his broader commitment to a post-Kantian conception of substantial form.
SPEE: a secure program execution environment tool using code integrity checking

With the growing number of successful computer attacks, especially those using the Internet and exploiting software vulnerabilities, software protection has become an important issue in computer security. This paper proposes a system - SPEE - for software integrity protection and authentication and presents performance results. Our system architecture utilizes key components from the compilation process as well as operating system support to provide static verification of executables. Code integrity checking is performed by means of a hierarchical hashing scheme, which not only detects changes but also efficiently isolates them. This scheme provides a higher level of protection against code injection or modification than a simple chaining of the program blocks. As an additional benefit, it also provides forensic information in case of a verification failure by providing the user with information about which part of the program has been modified. The SPEE tool is designed to function as part of the operating system kernel in order to provide a trusted computing system.
Miscellaneous Enteric Viruses

Acute viral gastroenteritis is second only to the common cold as a cause of illness in the United States. It often occurs in outbreaks, sometimes associated with food or water, and is a major recurrent problem in public health. Although most infections are self-limited, viral gastroenteritis can cause severe dehydration (particularly rotavirus), as well as chronic diarrhea in children with immunodeficiency syndromes such as severe combined immunodeficiency. Enteric viral infections are also a significant cause of diarrhea in patients with AIDS. Similar to adenovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus are associated with intussusception in children.
Differential Feeding of Fall Armyworm Lepidoptera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains on Meridic and Natural Diets

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is composed of two sympatric, morphologically identical host strains (corn and rice) that differ in their distribution on different host plants. This suggests possible strain specificity in the use of host plants. However, although feeding studies published since 1987 have reported such developmental differences, the results were often contradictory, making generalizations about strain-specific physiological traits problematic. Here, we tested whether more consistent results could be obtained using several genetically characterized colonies when assayed in the same laboratory. We also assessed whether a commonly used meridic diet was more favorable to one strain and the potential this might have on altering the behavior of artificially raised colonies. Corn and rice strain colonies were characterized by cytochrome oxidase I (COI) strain markers and were subjected to feeding studies using corn (Zea mays L.), stargrass (Cyn...
Linear synthesis and immunological properties of a fully synthetic vaccine candidate containing a sialylated MUC1 glycopeptide

A strategy for the linear synthesis of a sialylated glycolipopeptide cancer vaccine candidate has been developed using a strategically designed sialyl-Tn building block and microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis. The glycolipopeptide elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses. T-cells primed by such a vaccine candidate could be restimulated by tumor-associated MUC1.
Stressful life events associated with bulimia in anorexia nervosa. Empirical findings and theoretical speculations

The present study examines the relation of life event stress to the occurrence of bulimia in young anorexia nervosa patients. Life events recorded in the 18 months preceding symptomatic onset were analyzed in 25 anorexics with bulimia and a matched group of 25 anorexics characterized by strict dietary control (restricters). Scores were derived by summing life change unit values for events experienced during successive six-month time blocks and were subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings indicated that bulimics experienced significantly more life stress than restricters in each six-month period (all ps < .001) and experienced 21/2 times the magnitude of life stress observed in normal adolescents (Codding-ton, 1972) for a comparable time period. Results are discussed with respect to biological, psychological, and cognitive processes of possible relevance to the genesis of binge eating in anorexic patients. It is suggested that concepts drawn from developmental theory, attribution theory, and psycho-biology are relevant to our understanding of the genesis and maintenance of deranged eating patterns in bulimic anorexics.
Chemical reactions: what understanding do students with blindness develop?

This study examined the understanding of chemical equations developed by three students with blindness who were enrolled in the same secondary-school chemistry class. The students were interviewed while interpreting and balancing chemical equations. During the course of these interviews, the students produced diagrams using Braille symbols that provided insight into how they visualized the various components of the equations used to represent chemical reactions. The results of this study suggested that these students all possessed views of the symbolic representations of chemical reactions that differed from those of practicing chemists. The alternative views the students had of these symbols, however, did not differ significantly from the results of previous studies conducted with students with sight. The results of this study suggest that current pedagogical practices should be revised to enhance the conceptual understanding that all students develop of the symbolic representations used to describe chemical reactions.
Reflections on public sociology : Public relations, disciplinary identity, and the strong program in professional sociology

Public sociology is an attempt to redress the issues of public engagement and disciplinary identity that have beset the discipline over the past several decades. While public sociology seeks to rectify the public invisibility of sociology, this paper investigates the limitations of it program. Several points of critique are offered. First, public sociology's affiliations with Marxism serve to potentially entrench existing divisions within the discipline. Second, public sociology's advancement of an agenda geared toward a “sociology for publics” instead of a “sociology of publics” imposes limitations on the development of a public interface. Third, the lack of a methodological agenda for public sociology raises concerns of how sociology can compete within a contested climate of public opinion. Fourth, issues of disciplinary coherence are not necessarily resolved by public sociology, and are potentially exacerbated by the invocation of public sociology as a new disciplinary identity. Fifth, the incoherence of professional sociology is obviated, and a misleading affiliation is made between scientific knowledge and the hegemonic structure of the profession. Finally, the idealism of public sociology's putative defense of civil society is explored as a Utopian gesture akin to that of Habermas’ attempt to revive the public sphere. The development of a strong program in professional sociology is briefly offered as a means to repair the disciplinary problems that are illustrated by emergence of the project of public sociology.
Liquid chromatographic separation and detection of nanogram quantities of biologically important dicarboxylic acids

Phenacyl and benzyl derivatives of some biologically significant dicarboxylic acids have been prepared in a quantitative manner using a crown ether catalyst. They were separated using reversed-phase chromatography. The column used was packed with Corasil II to which a C9 phase (nonyl) was bonded. Water-methanol (68:32) was used as the mobile phase. Detection limits in the range of 5--15 ng have been obtained for a non-optimized system. The ease of preparation of these derivatives, coupled with their excellent chromatographic properties, makes this a very attractive procedure for the investigation of mixtures containing biologically significant acids. The implications and future of this technique are discussed.
Functional conservation of Notch1 and Notch2 intracellular domains

The Notch receptor is a key component of a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates cell fate determination during development. In Drosophila, where Notch signaling was first identified and studied, there is only one Notch receptor. In contrast, mammals have four Notch receptor genes, Notch1-4. Notch1 and Notch2 are both required for embryo viability, are widely expressed in mammals, and are structurally conserved. It is presently unknown if these two receptors are functionally redundant or if they have unique capabilities related to differences in their amino acid sequences. In contrast to the rest of the molecule, the amino acid sequences of a large region of the Notch intracellular domain are not highly conserved and thus may be able to interact with distinct transcription factors and mediate the expression of different sets of genes. To determine if the function of this region is conserved, the last 426 amino acids of the Notch2 receptor have been replaced with the corresponding region of Notch1 in mice by using gene targeting. We have determined that even though the amino acid sequences of this region are only 37% identical (137/426), the C-terminal region of the Notch1 intracellular domain can functionally replace that of Notch2 in vivo.
Knowledge utilization: Implications for evaluation

Knowledge utilization is a field crossing many sectors, from agriculture, since the 1920s, to health care today. Evaluators have made long-standing contributions to understanding knowledge utilization. Different models or ways to think about knowledge utilization have evolved to reflect different perspectives, contexts, and stages of the process, from knowledge creation to the use of effectiveness results in policymaking. The rich interdisciplinary history of this field challenges evaluators to interrogate what knowledge (really) means within a policy or program—whether knowledge is being used more symbolically, rhetorically, or tactically, for example. Differences in program or policy effectiveness across different program sites might result from different types of knowledge use in those sites. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Complications of sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy is the systematic, targeted elimination of intracutaneous and subcutaneous varicose, reticular, telangiectasias by the injection of a locally irritating chemical substance, called a sclerosant. The endpoint of this process is functionally analogous to surgical removal of a vein. However, regardless of the best of intentions, complications can and will occur with enough sclerotherapy treatments. Complications resulting from sclerotherapy can be divided into the following categories for ease of explanation: (1) frequent but transient, (2) rare but self-limited, and (3) rare but major. This article will focus on select complications in sclerotherapy, review the most common complications observed, and discuss how to minimize these in daily practice.
Nonlinear periodic flexing in a floating beam

Abstract This paper considers periodic flexing in a floating beam, in the presence of a small periodic forcing term. The beam is considered as a vibrating beam with the free end boundary condition, in the presence of an additional restoring force due to flotation, which becomes zero as soon as the beam lifts out of the water or constant if the beam becomes partially submerged. The equation is therefore nonlinear. A theorem is proved which shows that in the presence of small periodic forcing terms, both small- and large-amplitude solutions can exist. Numerical evidence is presented.
1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments for the human Pitx2 homeodomain in complex with a 22-base hairpin DNA

As one of the most important eukaryotic DNA-binding motifs, the homeodomain has been identified in over one thousand proteins. Transcription factors containing homeodomains play critical roles in diverse biological processes and are often implicated in human genetic disorders. The human Pitx2 protein is a central downstream transcription factor in both the TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, cell pattern formation and tissue maintenance. To better understand how Pitx2 regulates its target genes, we are investigating the mechanisms that confer DNA-binding specificity on its homeodomain. Here, we report complete 1H, 13C and 15N protein chemical shift assignments of the human Pitx2 homeodomain in complex with a non-consensus DNA sequence.
SU-E-CAMPUS-J-02: Implementation of Routine Clinical Daily Dose Evaluation for Patient Specific Quality Control

Purpose: The use of deformable registration and dose assessment in prospective clinical trials and routine patient quality control has been limited, largely due to lack of integration of the tools into standard clinical practice and decision support tools. A clinical workflow has been developed and implemented in a standard planning system using in room image. Methods: A patient-specific quality control procedure has been initiated to ensure safe and accurate treatment delivery and develop decision making guidelines for future adaptation scenarios. Deformable registration, contour propagation, and dose calculation was performed in a clinical system (Varian, Eclipse v11). Twenty head and neck patients diagnosed with base of tongue cancer and treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) following daily kV-CBCT were evaluated. The planning CT was deformed to the daily CBCT to propagate the planning contours. Daily dose was calculated on the CBCT using a density calibration table and evaluated using the mapped contours. Deviations in the normal tissues were evaluated including the mean dose to the superior constrictors, left and right parotid glands (LPG, RPG), and left and right submandibular glands (LSG, RSG). The CTV D95 was also evaluated. Results: Deformable registration and contour propagation was qualitatively evaluated and deemed acceptable for each fraction. The average (SD) daily fluctuation (planned-daily) in mean dose to the superior constrictor, LPG, RPG, LSG, and RSG was −3.0(6.0), 1.4(8.8), −1.1(10.7), 1.0(5.4), −2.0(8.5) cGy, respectively. The average (SD) daily fluctuation in D95 for the CTV was 3.7(3.8) cGy. Conclusion: Daily dose assessment is feasible in a clinically available system. Data to guide adaptive decision making guidelines have been suggested, but require evaluation on additional patients for validity, which is ongoing. Dose accumulation, which is necessary for optimizing adaptive replanning, is needed within the clinical system to fully take advantage of this data.
EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION ON NASAL BLOOD SHUNT.

Abstract If one arouses the sympathetic nervous system of an animal, considerable increases in olfactory acuity can be measured. This increase in acuity coincides with a visible shunting of blood from the ethmoturbinates to large nasal arteries such as the anterior ethmoidal. Measurements were made of the rate and extent of this nasal blood shunt resultant upon electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve. The rate of bleaching of the tissue depended upon the strength of stimulation. All strengths of stimulation above threshold evoked a measurable bleaching within 5 sec. Various physiological and psychological controls of olfactory acuity are discussed.
Therapy for Head Lice: In Reply

We thank Weil for his thoughtful letter. He has expressed a number of concerns about the recommendation that malathion be considered as first-line therapy for head lice. Please allow us to allay these concerns. Although malathion and chlorpyrifos are in the same chemical class, pure malathion has a different toxicity profile than other organophosphates.1 Specifically, chlorpyrifos would seem to inhibit carboxylesterase more than malathion, resulting in greater toxicity.1 In …
Analytic formulas for the regulator of a number field.

LetR=Rk andw=wk be the regulator and the number of roots of unity in the number fieldk. We determine allk for whichR/w<1/8. There are nine such fields. Sincew≥2, we have allk withR<1/4. In particular, we find the first three minima ofR over allk. There are three main ingredients to the proof: i) A new analytic formula (Theorem A below). ii) A refinement of Remak's geometric approach. iii) A refinement of Zimmert's analytic method.
Multithreaded model for the dynamic load-balancing of parallel adaptive PDE computations

Abstract We present a multithreaded model for the dynamic load-balancing of numerical, adaptive computations required for the solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on multicomputers. Multithreading is used as a means of exploring concurrency in the processor level in order to tolerate synchronization costs inherent to traditional (nonthreaded) parallel adaptive PDE solvers. Our preliminary analysis for parallel, adaptive PDE solvers indicates that multithreading can be used as a mechanism to mask overheads required for the dynamic balancing of processor workloads with computations required for the actual numerical solution of the PDEs. Also, multithreading can simplify the implementation of dynamic load-balancing algorithms, a task that is very difficult for traditional data-parallel adaptive PDE computations. Unfortunately, multithreading does not always simplify program complexity, often makes code reusability not an easy task, and increases software complexity.
Teaching criminological theory: Presentation according to the dependent variable

Criminological theories are presented in a wide variety of ways to undergraduate students by instructors and in undergraduate texts. However, rationales for these taxonomies are rarely provided and are sometimes difficult to interpret. The clear classification of theories is important as it can aid in comprehension and recall by students. A classification scheme is presented that groups criminological theories according to the dependent variable to which they are primarily addressed. Criminological theories can then be divided into six general groups (normative violations, cultural deviance, rates of deviance, definitions of crime and deviance (criminalization), criminality, and broader human behavior. Focusing on what theories attempt to explain provides an easily understandable grouping principle that can provoke discussion among students regarding theoretical modifications and integration and would modify the way that undergraduate criminological texts are arranged.
Early history of the Mexican volcano Parícutin

Owing to the good fortune of being stationed near the new volcano Paricutin when it first erupted, I was able to visit it when it was only a week old. As my observations have been recorded in full in a previous article [see 1 of “References” at end of paper], only a few of the more pertinent features are repeated here, in order to give a setting for the succeeding papers in this symposium.
Secularizing Religious Practices: A Study of Subjectivity and Existential Transformation in Naikan Therapy

Adapted from a Shin Buddhist style of meditation, Naikan ("inner-looking") is a week-long contemplative practice that involves reviewing one's life from the perspectives of others and has been called an indigenous Japanese psychotherapy due to its effectiveness in treating a variety of disorders. Data collected during an extended ethnographic study of Naikan in both Japan and Austria reveal that Naikan, a "secularized" practice that removes overtly Buddhist references and practices, effects changes in clients' subjectivity that are strikingly similar to those sought after in Buddhist traditions. This suggests that Naikan operates therapeutically on an existential level and employs cognitive techniques that, while originating in Buddhism, remain efficacious outside a Buddhist context. The potential for certain contemplative practices to effect transformations of subjectivity across religious and cultural contexts may be greater than commonly assumed.
The dosage compensation system of Drosophila is co-opted by newly evolved X chromosomes

IN species where males and females differ in number of sex chromosomes, the expression of sex-linked genes is equalized by a process known as dosage compensation. In Drosophila melanogaster, dosage compensation is mediated by the binding of the products of the male-specific lethal (msl) genes to the single male X chromosome. Here we report that the sex- and chromosome-specific binding of three of the msl proteins (MSLs) occurs in other drosophilid species, spanning four genera. Moreover, we show that MSL binding correlates with the evolution of the sex chromosomes: in species that have acquired a second X chromosome arm because of an X-autosome translocation, we observe binding of the MSLs to the 'new' (previously autosomal) arm of the X chromosome, only when its homologue has degenerated. Moreover, in Drosophila miranda, a Y-autosome translocation has produced a new X chromosome (called neo-X), only some regions of which are dosage compensated. In this neo-X chromosome, the pattern of MSL binding correlates with the known pattern of dosage compensation.
Priority oriented channel access for cellular systems serving vehicular and portable radio telephones

A priority oriented channel access scheme for cellular mobile radio telephone systems serving vehicular and portable radio telephone users is described. The calls generated are divided into three different classes: new vehicular calls, new portable calls and hand-off calls. Priority is given to hand-off calls over new calls and to vehicular calls over portable calls. Appropriate analytical models and criteria are developed and used to derive performance characteristics. Blocking and forced termination probabilities for each kind of user are determined as functions of system parameters. Noncompleted call probability is defined as a useful performance measure for each kind of user. The effects of priorities and hand-off procedures on performance characteristics are investigated. General formulas are given and specific numerical results for nominal system parameters are presented.
Lumbar disc arthroplasty

Degenerative disc disease is the leading cause of pain and disability in adults in North America, and spinal fusion is the standard treatment. Despite this, it has been discussed among surgeons that (1) spinal fusion deserves reexamination in terms of its long-term consequences and benefits and (2) modern clinical research and development in disc arthroplasty strongly supports its emergence as an alternative. The ability to relieve pain by maintaining motion may be a critical factor in obtaining not only greater pain relief but in preventing adjacent segment degeneration. Early research in arthroplasty devices was promising but cut short. New knowledge in the functional anatomy and biomechanics of the spine has made possible the development of modern arthroplasty devices (eg, Charite Artificial Disc, ProDisc, Maverick device, FlexiCore device) of different constructions and materials (metal-on-plastic, metal-on-metal) and various ranges of motion/mobility that provide a basis for a classification of spinal mode and an assistance in implant selection. Current research also is confronting the critical obstacles of wear and tear and axial compression. Several devices currently are in clinical trials. A detailed review of their characteristics shows the exciting progress of a new treatment era of total disc replacement in spine-lumbar disc arthroplasty.
Protein Resilience and Fluorescent Protein Resistance to Photobleaching

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are ubiquitous in biophysics. To simultaneously tag many different biomolecules and allow excitation at lower wavelengths, FP's have been developed with excitation and fluorescence at wavelengths > 550 nm, however these red fluorescent proteins are more susceptible to photobleaching [1].View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint SlideA possible reason for this is a decrease in the structural stability of the beta barrel, but X-ray B-factor measurements do not indicate this stability change. Zaccai introduced a measure of protein stability called resiliency [2], derived from the temperature dependent atomic mean squared displacement measured by neutron scattering. These facility-based measurements require ∼100 mg of protein, so are not conducive to systematic testing of changes in resiliency with mutation. However table top THz optical absorption measurements have shown the same temperature dependence as [3]. Using this method we find the resiliency of mCherry is 2.5 times higher than mOrange2 consistent with mCherry's higher stability and longer irreversible photobleaching time constant (3.46 s) compared to mOrange (0.26 s).[1] K. M. Dean et al., Biophys. J. 101, 961 (2011).[2] G. Zaccai, Science 288, 1604 (2000).[3] Y. He et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 178103 (2008).
MR molecular imaging of the Her-2/neu receptor in breast cancer cells using targeted iron oxide nanoparticles.

MR molecular imaging is an exciting new frontier in the biomedical applications of MR. One of the clinically relevant targets is the tyrosine kinase Her-2/neu receptor, which has a significant role in staging and treating breast cancer. In this study Her-2/neu receptors were imaged in a panel of breast cancer cells expressing different numbers of the receptors on the cell membrane. Commercially available streptavidin-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles were used as targeted MR contrast agent. The nanoparticles were directed to receptors prelabeled with a biotinylated monoclonal antibody and generated strong T2 MR contrast in Her-2/neu-expressing cells. The contrast observed in MR images was proportional to the expression level of Her-2/neu receptors determined independently with FACS analysis. In these experiments, iron oxide nanoparticles were attached to the cell surface and were not internalized into the cells, which is a major advantage for in vivo applications of the method. Magn Reson Med 49:403–408, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An asymptotic solution for traveling waves of a nonlinear-diffusion Fisher's equation

We examine traveling-wave solutions for a generalized nonlinear-diffusion Fisher equation studied by Hayes [J. Math. Biol. 29, 531–537 (1991)]. The density-dependent diffusion coefficient used is motivated by certain polymer diffusion and population dispersal problems. Approximate solutions are constructed using asymptotic expansions. We find that the solution will have a corner layer (a shock in the derivative) as the diffusion coefficient approaches a step function. The corner layer at z = 0 is matched to an outer solution for z 0 to produce a complete solution. We show that this model also admits a new class of nonphysical solutions and obtain conditions that restrict the set of valid traveling-wave solutions.
Surveillance of Legal Abortions in the United States, 1970

In 1969, a series of epidemiologic studies for abortion in the United States was begun at the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Unwanted pregnancy is one of the most prevalent and potent public health problems in this and many other countries, and in almost all societies abortion is an inevitable concomitant of unwanted pregnancies.
Release of Norepinephrine and Dopamine from Brain Vesicular Preparations: Effects of Calcium Antagonists

1. The calcium antagonists D-600 (1–10µM) and diltiazem (10–25µM) inhibit K+-evoked release of [3H]norepinephrine from guinea pig cerebral cortical vesicular preparations. The inhibition of release is partially reversed by increasing concentrations of calcium to 2 mM. Diltiazem at 100µM has no effect on K+-evoked release of [3H]norepinephrine at 0.15 mM calcium but does inhibit release at 2.0 mM calcium. 2. The calcium antagonist nifedipine and dantrolene, an agent purported to antagonize release of calcium from intracellular storage sites, have no effect on K+-evoked release of [3H]norepinephrine. 3. The calcium antagonists D-600 (1µM) and diltiazem (10µM) inhibit K+-evoked release of [3H]dopamine from guinea pig striatal vesicular preparations. Higher concentrations of drug, namely, 10µM for D-600 and 100µM for diltiazem, cause a potentiation rather than an inhibition of K+-evoked release. The potentiation is reduced in magnitude upon raising the extracellular calcium to 2.0 mM. Indeed, 10µM D-600 then inhibits K+-evoked release of [3H]dopamine. 4. The results indicate that putative calcium antagonists can have both inhibitory and facilitory effects on calcium-dependent K+-evoked release of catecholamines from central synaptic endings. Furthermore, certain peripheral calcium antagonists such as nifedipine and dantrolene may prove ineffective in central systems.
General-altitude transformations between geocentric and geodetic coordinates

Formulas for the general-altitude (height above the ellipsoid) transformation from geocentric to geodetic coordinates and vice versa are derived. The set of four formulas is expressed in each of two useful forms: series expansions in powers of the Earth's flattening and series expansions in powers of the Earth's eccentricity. The error incurred in these expansions is of the order of one part in 3×107.