cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recanalization-Like Neovascularization of Placental Intervillous Hematoma: First Two Reports.

Placental intervillous hematomas have not previously been reported to undergo any sort of change, maturation, or healing. In this article, we present the first 2 case reports of recanalization-like...
Nutrient and sediment loading affect multiple facets of coral functionality in a tropical branching coral.

Coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, face increasing pressures from global and local anthropogenic stressors. Therefore, a better understanding of the ecological ramifications of warming and land-based inputs (e.g., sedimentation and nutrient loading) on coral reef ecosystems is necessary. In this study, we measured how a natural nutrient and sedimentation gradient affected multiple facets of coral functionality, including endosymbiont and coral host response variables, holobiont metabolic responses, and percent cover of Pocillopora acuta colonies in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. We used thermal performance curves to quantify the relationship between metabolic rates and temperature along the environmental gradient. We found that algal endosymbiont % nitrogen content, endosymbiont densities, and total chlorophyll a content increased with nutrient input, while endosymbiont nitrogen content cell-1 decreased, likely representing competition among the algal endosymbionts. Nutrient and sediment loading decreased coral metabolic responses to thermal stress in terms of their thermal performance and metabolic rate processes. The acute thermal optimum for dark respiration decreased, along with the maximal performance for gross photosynthetic and calcification rates. Gross photosynthetic and calcification rates normalized to a reference temperature (26.8 °C) decreased along the gradient. Lastly, percent cover of P. acuta colonies decreased by nearly two orders of magnitude along the nutrient gradient. These findings illustrate that nutrient and sediment loading affect multiple levels of coral functionality. Understanding how local-scale anthropogenic stressors influence the responses of corals to temperature can inform coral reef management, particularly on the mediation of land-based inputs into coastal coral reef ecosystems.
Acoustic correlates of English clear speech produced by native Korean speakers

Monolingual clear speech is acoustically distinct from casual speech and can aid speech perception (Picheny et al., 1986; Smiljanic and Bradlow, 2005) but little is known about the acoustic properties of clear speech produced by non-native speakers. The current study aims to determine whether Korean non-native speakers of English modify their speech the same way native English speakers do when asked to speak clearly. A group of native Korean speakers residing in the United States (14 recorded to date) and a group of native speakers of English (9 recorded to date) were instructed to read a list of common English words (e.g., beat) using casual and clear speaking styles. The findings showed the effect of speaking style for every acoustic measurement: vowel duration, mean pitch, pitch range, positive and negative VOT, onset f0, and vowel space. With the exception of mean pitch, there were no significant interactions between group and speaking mode, indicating that Korean speakers implemented these acoustic parameters in L2 clear speech similarly to native speakers. Only for mean pitch, the degree of change associated with clear speech was greater for English speakers than for Korean speakers.
On Making Sense of Recipes

In this paper I address some ways of making sense of, and so of understanding, recipes. I first make clear the plausibility of a recipe having aesthetic significance, thus situating recipes as continuous with other aspects of our lives and experiences, both artistic and non-artistic. My notion of “aesthetic” here derives from Ludwig Wittgenstein. Second, I also highlight how some recipes and cookbooks may actually serve another aesthetic goal: they facilitate attunement to aesthetic features of cooking and food, and to things more generally. I show how this kind of preparation is consistent with Wittgenstein’s aims in his “Lectures on Aesthetics” (1938), where he encourages a particular aesthetic attitude or predisposition.
Is divisive politics making Americans sick? Associations of perceived partisan polarization with physical and mental health outcomes among adults in the United States

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether changes in perceived partisan polarization since the 2016 US presidential election and current perceptions of polarization are associated with the onset of physical and mental health conditions in adults. Methods We surveyed a nationally-representative sample (n = 2752) of US adults between December 2019 and January 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations between perceived polarization and the incidence of hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and anxiety, depressive, and sleep disorders in or after 2016 and current self-rated health. Our secondary exposure variables measured perceptions of mass and elite polarization at the state and national level. Perceived mass polarization measured perceptions of the partisan gap between Democrat and Republican voters; perceived elite polarization measured perceptions of the partisan gap between Democrat and Republican elected officials. Results Participants reporting an increase in polarization had 52–57% higher odds of developing depressive disorders (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.29, P = 0.047) and anxiety disorders (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.29, P = 0.02) compared to participants who perceived no change in polarization. Those reporting high (vs. low) levels of perceived state-level mass polarization had a 49% higher odds of incident depressive disorders (P = 0.03). Participants who perceived high levels of state-level elite polarization reported a 71% higher odds of incident depressive disorders (P = 0.004) and a 49% higher odds of incident sleep disorders (P = 0.03). Conclusions Perceptions of partisan polarization may represent important factors that are linked to the onset of mental health and sleep disorders.
Finite Automata as Time-Inv Linear Systems Observability, Reachability and More

We show that regarding finite automata (FA) as discrete, time-invariant linear systems over semimodules, allows to: (1) express FA minimization and FA determinization as particular observability and reachability transformations of FA, respectively; (2) express FA pumping as a property of the FA's reachability matrix; (3) derive canonical forms for FAs. These results are to our knowledge new, and they may support a fresh look into hybrid automata properties, such as minimality. Moreover, they may allow to derive generalized notions of characteristic polynomials and associated eigenvalues, in the context of FA.
The Long-Horizon Performance of Acquiring Firms: The French Evidence

The purpose of this paper is to report the evidence of the long-horizon abnormal returns of 80 French acquiring firms, involved in a tender offer between 1977 and 1993. We find four results: (1) tender offers lead to a wealth-destruction for French acquiring firms, which experience a mean abnormal return of -25.41% over a long-horizon window of 39 months; (2) over the pre-acquisition window, the mean abnormal return (0.32%) is not significant, but we observe an opposition between the pre-winners (12.33%) and the pre-losers (-9.02%); (3) over the post-acquisition window, the mean abnormal return is negative (-24.22%) and significant at the 1% level, but the wealth-destruction is greater for the pre-losers (-35.03%) than for the pre-winners (-10.31%); (4) in 70% of the cases, the market is capable of anticipating whether a tender offer leads to a wealth-creation or a wealth-destruction, but it fails to quantify the extent of the wealth-variation.
Verification of Systolic Architecture Designs

We present a Prolog-based verifier, VSTA, for formal specification and verification of systolic architectures. This specific CAD tool is developed to produce sound and efficient verification process and provide short-cuts to justify systolic array designs. We describe how a systolic array for 2-D matrix multiplication and LU decomposition can be specified and verified with respect to its algorithm.
Deciphering voltage-gated Na + and Ca 2+ channels by studying prokaryotic ancestors

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) and calcium channels (CaVs) are involved in electrical signaling, contraction, secretion, synaptic transmission, and other physiological processes activated in response to depolarization. Despite their physiological importance, the structures of these closely related proteins have remained elusive because of their size and complexity. Bacterial NaVs have structures analogous to a single domain of eukaryotic NaVs and CaVs and are their likely evolutionary ancestor. Here we review recent work that has led to new understanding of NaVs and CaVs through high-resolution structural studies of their prokaryotic ancestors. New insights into their voltage-dependent activation and inactivation, ion conductance, and ion selectivity provide realistic structural models for the function of these complex membrane proteins at the atomic level.
NEPTUNE'S MISBEHAVING RINGS

Without confinement, the arcs of material orbiting Neptune would have spread out into rings long ago. But new observations show that they are still there, challenging astronomers' best attempts at explaining them.
Towards unified provenance granularities

As Open Data becomes commonplace, methods are needed to integrate disparate data from a variety of sources. Although Linked Data design has promise for integrating world wide data, integrators often struggle to provide appropriate transparency for their sources and transformations. Without this transparency, cautious consumers are unlikely to find enough information to allow them to trust third party content. While capturing provenance in RPI's Linking Open Government Data project, we were faced with the common problem that only a portion of provenance that is captured is effectively used. Using our water quality portal's use case as an example, we argue that one key to enabling provenance use is a better treatment of provenance granularity. To address this challenge, we have designed an approach that supports deriving abstracted provenance from granular provenance in an open environment. We describe the approach, show how it addresses the naturally occurring unmet provenance needs in a family of applications, and describe how the approach addresses similar problems in open provenance and open data environments.
Performance of network crossover on NK landscapes and spin glasses

This paper describes a network crossover operator based on knowledge gathered from either prior problem-specific knowledge or linkage learning methods such as estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). This operator can be used in a genetic algorithm (GA) to incorporate linkage in recombination. The performance of GA with network crossover is compared to that of GA with uniform crossover and the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA) on 2D Ising spin glasses, NK landscapes, and SK spin glasses. The results are analyzed and discussed.
Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: Patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry

Do multinationals go abroad to acquire technological knowledge? Do they also contribute knowledge locally? We investigate the learning and contribution patterns of multinational firms in the U.S. semiconductor industry through the analysis of citations to their patents and through field interviews. We find that the knowledge used in innovation by foreign subsidiaries in U.S. regions is predominantly local (at the regional and country level). In fact, foreign firms use regional knowledge significantly more than similar domestic firms. In the case of European and Korean firms, foreign investment is directed towards offsetting home country technological weaknesses. The study finds that foreign firms also contribute to local technological progress—a significant proportion of the citations to their patents are local. Local learning without contributing may not be possible.
Combination of H-Alpha Decomposition and Migration for Enhancing Subsurface Target Classification of GPR

Polarimetric technology has been one of the most important advances in microwave remote sensing during recent decades. H-alpha decomposition, which is a type of polarimetric analysis technique, has been common for terrain and land-use classification in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar. However, the technique has been less common in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) community. In this paper, we apply the H-alpha decomposition to analyze the surface GPR data to obtain polarimetric attributes for subsurface target classification. Also, by combining H-alpha decomposition and migration, we can obtain a subsurface H-alpha color-coded reconstructed target image, from which we can use both the polarimetric attributes and the geometrical features of the subsurface targets to enhance the ability of subsurface target classification of surface GPR. A 3-D full polarimetric GPR data set was acquired in a laboratory experiment, in which four targets, a scatterer with many branches, a ball, a plate, and a dihedral scatter, were buried in dry sand under flat ground surface, and used to test these techniques. As results, we obtained the subsurface H-alpha distribution and classified the subsurface targets. Also, we derived a subsurface H-alpha color-coded reconstructed target image and identified all four targets in the laboratory experiment.
The effect of plastic spin on anisotropic material behavior

Abstract The effect of the plastic spin on the behavior of initially anisotropic materials is demonstrated by obtaining in closed analytical form the stress-strain response of orthotropic and transversely isotropic materials subjected to various kinds of homogeneous large inelastic deformations, at different rates and temperatures. The important issue is the evolution of the orientation of the anisotropic axes, which is based on the key aspect of the aspect of the constitutive relations for the plastic spin. In one case, the theoretical results show a remarkable qualitative similarity with experimental data from fixed-end torsion experiments. For other cases, physically plausible interpretations of the theory are discussed.
A new timing model for calculating the intrinsic timing resolution of a scintillator detector

The coincidence timing resolution is a critical parameter which to a large extent determines the system performance of positron emission tomography (PET). This is particularly true for time-of-flight (TOF) PET that requires an excellent coincidence timing resolution (<<1 ns) in order to significantly improve the image quality. The intrinsic timing resolution is conventionally calculated with a single-exponential timing model that includes two parameters of a scintillator detector: scintillation decay time and total photoelectron yield from the photon-electron conversion. However, this calculation has led to significant errors when the coincidence timing resolution reaches 1 ns or less. In this paper, a bi-exponential timing model is derived and evaluated. The new timing model includes an additional parameter of a scintillator detector: scintillation rise time. The effect of rise time on the timing resolution has been investigated analytically, and the results reveal that the rise time can significantly change the timing resolution of fast scintillators that have short decay time constants. Compared with measured data, the calculations have shown that the new timing model significantly improves the accuracy in the calculation of timing resolutions.
Synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐5′,6′‐methylenedioxy‐benzofurano (3′,2′:3,4) coumarin (medicagol)

Medicagol (I a ) has been synthesized by hydrogen peroxide oxidation of 3-methoxy-6,7 - methylenedioxy- 2′,4′ - dihydroxyflavylium chloride (V b ).
Reciprocity in cultural ecology

Ecology is the study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environments. All org.anisms are biologically adapted to the environments in which they live, and it is these adaptations, which govern the interrelationships. Man is adapted to his environment culturally as well as biologically, and he is adapted to cultural environment as well as to natural environment. It is the cultural adaptations to natural environment that concern us here, and the resulting interrelationships in particular. Comments about these interrelationships are often phrased only in terms of the influence of natural environment upon culture. This is an oversimplification, because the influences are reciprocal. Environment does influence culture; but culture, a.s technology, has many significant effects upon environment. These effects in turn have countereffeets upon culture. Most investigators undoubtedly are aware of these counter-effects, but adequate reports of the mechanics or of the extent and kinds of resulting cultural adjustments are few. There is a rather extensive literature that deals with the influence of cultural activities on the natural environment, and a considerable portion of it describes the kinds of modifications of nature effected by non-European cultures. Most of these writings are to be found in biological, geographical, and general science publications; but recently they have appeared in the anthropological literature with increasing frequency, climaxed by publication of the results of the International Symposium on Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (Thomas, 1956). Robert F. Heizer (1955) has commented, in his excellent summary of this literature, that ". . . anthropologists have now accumulated sufficient evidence to argue that at any point in time or space where man has occupied a region he has materially affected the soil, the
Inelastic Nuclear Reactions of Protons in Scintillators

When a scintillation counter is used as a spectrometer for energetic protons, corrections must be made for the fact that (p,n) and other nuclear reactions may occur in the scintillator, causing some of the protons to register substandard pulse heights. These corrections have been measured for thalliated sodium iodide, and for plastic scintillators at proton energies between 10 and 40 mev, by measuring the pulse-height spectrum produced by a proton beam of homogeneous energy striking the crystal. The homogeneous beam is obtained by collimating a linear accelerator beam to one-eighth inch diameter, then magnetically analyzing to get rid of the slit-scattered protons.
Isoenzymes of lipoxidase

A polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic technique is described for studying isoenzymes or multiple molecular forms of lipoxidase in extracts of fresh green peas, pea seeds, wheat, fresh green beans and green bean seeds. After electrophoresis, gels containing starch were incubated with linoleic acid. Hydroperoxide bands were visualized by treating the gel with acidic potassium iodide. Staining specificity was established using the following criteria. Activity was absent when extracts or gels were boiled and when linoelaidic and oleic acids were used as substrates. Cyanide did not inhibit staining, whereas α-tocopherol, hydroquinone and nordihydroguaiaretic acid did. Prevention of the appearance of artifactual bands was attempted by: pre-electrophoresis of the gels; electrophoresis in the presence of thioglycollic acid; elimination of the large pore gel; pH adjustment of the plant extracts; and extraction of extract solids with lipid solvents. Gel patterns indicated two to three lipoxidase bands for fresh green peas and pea seeds, one to two bands for fresh green beans and green bean seeds, and four bands for wheat.
Altered apolipoproteins in sex steroid-treated rats☆☆☆

Abstract Effects of sex steroid treatment on plasma triglycerides (TG) were studied in relation to altered plasma lipoprotein composition, plasma postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA), tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and apoprotein C (apoC) composition and turnover. Adult female rats received parenteral estradiol benzoate (E, 5 μg daily), progesterone (P, 5 mg daily), or the two in combination (E+P) for 21 days. Control rats were administered the sesame oil vehicle alone. E or E+P treatments induced hypertriglyceridemia. Plasma TG, very low density lipoportein (VLDL)-TG, VLDL-protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-protein content were significantly increased 25%–100% compared to control animals. The P regimen alone was without effect on these parameters. While total plasma cholesterol was unchanged by these treatment regimens, HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in E or E+P groups. Increased plasma TG in E or E+P groups was associated with depressed total PHLA and protamine-sensitive PHLA. However, when parameterial adipose tissue from these animals was incubated with glucose, amino acids, and heparin, release of LPL in the E group was decreased, whereas in E+P it was increased. P treatment resulted in augmentation of both PHLA and LPL activity. Thus, a discrepancy existed between PHLA and LPL release only in the E+P group. When serum from E or E+P groups was added to an LPL assay system using control male rat adipose tissue, LPL activity was suppresed 50%–200% with increasing amounts of serum. In addition, serum from these groups significantly reduced recovery of exogenous PHLA enzyme added to normal rat chylomicrons in vitro, suggesting impaired binding of heparin-releasable enzyme to lipid substrate as one possibility. The inhibitory factor was unrelated to the concentration or lipoprotein form of TG in serum. Apoproteins of VLDL and HDL fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed increased apoC, arginine-rich peptides, and apoAI in E and E+P rats. Since human apoCII is an activator of LPL and apoCIII is an inhibitor, comparable fractions of rat sera were quantitated from VLDL and HDL following delipidation with tetramethylurea and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Utilizing a double-isotope technique, apoCII and apoCIII turnovers were found to be significantly increased in these two groups in vivo. Moreover, apoCII and apoCIII concentrations were increased in association with reduced apoCIII apoCII ratios in both E and E+P groups. These results contrast to increased ratios reported in human subjects with associated hypertriglyceridemia. We conclude that administration of E alone or combined with P increases the synthesis and serum levels of several apoproteins, including apoC. These perturbations may be responsible for the inhibitory effects of serum from these animals on adipose tissue LPL. These events may modulate TG breakdown in peripheral tissues independent of direct effects of sex steroids on tissue LPL in these rats.
The Numerical Monist Interpretation of Parmenides

Critique de la doctrine du monisme numerique attribuee a Parmenide. Examinant la these de l'identite de la pensee et de l'etre chez le penseur presocratique, l'A. montre que l'interpretation moniste du fragment B6 conduit a l'affirmation fausse selon laquelle l'etre et le non-etre sont a la fois identiques et non-identiques.
Food and drug administration's requirements for markers

Abstract Three basic principles must be satisfied when a substance is being considered for human ingestion: 1. 1. The composition of the product must be consistent within certain limits over a specific period of time. 2. 2. It must not produce irreversible harm or unacceptable side effects. 3. 3. When taken as indicated, it must produce the effect that is claimed and intended. Specific requirements for markers will depend on the marker selected. There are regulations for use of radioactive substances as tracers in drugs. Markers might also be subject to regulations for a new drug or combination drug or might be a substance generally recognized as safe. If the marker is included as an excipient in the drug, the associated requirements for excipients would apply. Any assay methods for detecting the marker must be validated.
Improving grid reliability through integration of distributed PV and energy storage

Several emerging technologies, namely, high penetration grid-connected distributed photovoltaics (PV), energy storage, and smart grid have seen tremendous growth in recent years. Because of their interconnected nature, the deployed systems are fairly complex and logically converging, which presents both challenges and opportunities for electric grid operation and reliability. The US Department of Energy has sponsored a number of research and demonstration projects in these areas in order to achieve its long-term goals of supplying reliable, affordable, and sustainable electric power to the energy consumers. This panel paper discusses various ways to mitigate the impacts of high penetration PV systems on the utility grid while also explores reliability enhancement opportunities from the integration of distributed PV and energy storage using smart grid and advanced inverter technologies.
Pricing behavior of the budget-constrained public enterprise☆

Abstract By assuming that a budget-constrained multiproduct public enterprise chooses prices with the goal of maximizing its budget, its revenue or its output, specific pricing rules can be derived. Rather than overstating demand elasticities and then pricing like a monopolist, as a budget-constrained welfare-maximizing firm would do, the enterprise pursuing one of these alternative goals is shown to understate marginal cost and then price like a monopolist. Non-optimal price discrimination and even cross subsidization may result. The outcome tends to be more perverse when statutory entry barriers protect some markets of the enterprise. In its pricing, the U.S. Postal Service has shown some of the signs of such other-than-welfare-maximizing pricing behavior.
Cationic Pt(IV) Tp' carbenes

Abstract A series of Pt(IV) carbene complexes of the form [(Tp')Pt(=C(X)(Y))(Me)2]+ (Tp' = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) was synthesized. Methylating a series of Pt-carboxamido precursors allowed isolation of [(Tp')Pt(=C(OMe)NHR)Me2][OTf] (R = Et, nPr, iPr, Bn). The solid-state structures of the Pt-carbene complexes reveal resonance-stabilized cationic carbene complexes. The method for generating these rare Pt(IV) carbenes was extended to synthesize a methoxy stabilized Pt carbene complex, [Tp'Pt(=C(OCH3)CH3)Me2][OTf], from a Pt-acyl precursor. Preparation of an alkylidene analog proved more challenging, but low temperature protonation (−80 °C) of a Pt-vinyl complex, (Tp')Pt(CH CH2)(Me)2, generated a small amount of an ethylidene Pt complex as monitored by NMR. Low temperature NMR indicated the presence of the Pt CH(CH3) unit in [(Tp')Pt(=CH(CH3)Me2][B(ArF)4]. The 13C labeling studies revealed the carbene carbon signal at 500 ppm, a dramatic downfield chemical shift. Warming the reaction to −40 °C results in isomerization accompanied by protonation of a Tp' nitrogen and reductive elimination to form a new C–C bond in a Pt(II) propylene adduct, [κ2(Tp'(NH))Pt(η2 CH2 CHCH3)Me][B(ArF)4].
Ozone inhalation in rats: Effects on alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in lavage and plasma

Ozone is found in urban and rural atmospheres and is produced from a variety of natural and man-made sources. Animal studies conducted at typical ambient levels result in reproducible morphological, biochemical and functional effects. Ozone damages type I epithelial cells, induces proliferation of type II cells and produces inflammation of the terminal bronchiolar-alveolar duct region. Ozone increases lung oxygen utilization and increases glutathione metabolism. Ozone increases airway resistance. The authors measured lactic dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes to ascertain the tissue giving rise to the increased LD activity in lavage. They also assayed acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase activities, and protein levels since these parameters were increased in rat lung lavage after particulate exposure. They determined white cell differential and red cell morphology parameters because previous investigators reported that ozone increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.
Electromagnetic Acoustical Dispersion Relationship and the Effect of Superluminal and Radiation Doppler Frequencies of a Moving Dipole in a Stratified Plasma

ABSTRACT The propagation of coupled, electromagnetic and plasma (acoustical) waves generated by a moving and oscillating dipole in an infinitely long, compressible, plasma cylinder surrounded by vacuum is investigated. The fields of the moving sources can be decomposed into two modes—the electromagnetic mode and the plasma (acoustic) mode. These two modes are coupled on the plasma-vacuum boundary. The electric dipole may excite pure, longitudinal, plasma waves since the plasma mode is associated with charge accumulation, but not with a magnetic field It is shown that if an oscillating dipole of frequency ω0 (when Ω= ω—ω0) moves along the axis of the plasma cylinder, it modifies radial wave-numbers of electromagnetic waves in such a way that both the electromagnetic and the plasma (acoustic) waves may propagate without decaying. The coupled plasma and electromagnetic waves do not form a radiation cone analogous to a Cerenkov cone. Requirements for coupled, non-evanescent waves in optical and acoustical spe...
Hydrogen Sensors Based on Conductivity Changes in Polyaniline Nanofibers

Hydrogen causes a reversible decrease in the resistance of a thin film of camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline nanofibers. For a 1% mixture of hydrogen in nitrogen, a 3% decrease in resistance is observed (DeltaR/R = -3%). The hydrogen response is completely suppressed in the presence of humidity. In contrast, oxygen does not inhibit the hydrogen response. A deuterium isotope effect on the sensor response is observed in which hydrogen gives a larger response than deuterium: (DeltaR/R)H/(DeltaR/R)D = 4.1 +/- 0.4. Mass sensors using nanofiber films on a quartz crystal microbalance also showed a comparable deuterium isotope effect: DeltamH/DeltamD = 2.3 +/- 0.2 or DeltanH/DeltanD = 4.6 +/- 0.4 on a molar basis. The resistance change of polyaniline nanofibers is about an order of magnitude greater than conventional polyaniline, consistent with a porous, high-surface-area nanofibrillar film structure that allows for better gas diffusion into the film. A plausible mechanism involves hydrogen bonding to the amine nitrogens along the polyaniline backbone and subsequent dissociation. The inhibitory effect of humidity is consistent with a stronger interaction of water with the polyaniline active sites that bind to hydrogen. These data clearly demonstrate a significant interaction of hydrogen with doped polyaniline and may be relevant to recent claims of hydrogen storage by polyaniline.
Reactivity to tumour-associated antigens detected in mice undergoing liver regeneration.

IN addition to the well-known, individually unique tumour-specific antigens in chemically induced neoplasms and the common ones in neoplasms induced by the same virus, there is evidence that neoplastic cells have antigens which are present in certain normal, syngeneic cells, but which may still be reacted against immunologically1. Most notable has been the demonstration that many tumours share antigens with normal embryonic cells2. Immunity to these antigens can be detected in various ways. It has been shown, for example, that lymphocytes from multiparous mice are cytotoxic to cultivated neoplastic but not to normal adult cells3–5 and that serum from pregnant mice can inhibit (block) this cytotoxic effect4–7.
Raman scattering from plasma excitations in a conducting double layer

We have investigated the Raman-scattering amplitude from processes in which the radiation field excites longitudinal collective modes in a system comprised of two parallel quasi-two-dimensional conducting electronic layers embedded in a dielectric medium. Within the random-phase approximation we have derived explicit formulas for the density response and the Raman intensity as a function of the exchanged frequency. The Raman spectrum consists of two resonance peaks corresponding to the optical- and acoustic-plasmon branches which are peculiar to this system. Both the position and the width of the resonances have been studied and are shown to depend on the electronic elastic lifetime.
Post anesthetic myositis in the horse associated with in vitro malignant hyperthermia susceptibility

Four horses with clinical and biochemical evidence of post-operative myositis following halothane anesthesia and characterized by well localized (lumbar) to generalized rigidity and pain are described. Response to Dantrolene Sodium therapy at 4 mg/kg per os was dependent upon rapidity of administration following onset. In vitro exposure of muscle to halothane and caffeine revealed increased sensitivity when compared to control horses.
PURE-BRAIDED HOPF ALGEBRAS AND KNOT INVARIANTS

In this paper we construct representations for the pure braid group using Hopf algebra techniques. From this representations we obtain invariants for knots.
Cardiopulmonary Toxicity after Liposomal Amphotericin B Infusion

Liposomal and lipid-complex drug delivery systems are being developed to enhance the therapeutic activity, decrease the toxicity, and provide site-specific delivery of high doses of amphotericin B ...
Reduced matrix equations with reactive components for direct nuclear interactions

Abstract We present a critical comparison of the two distinct formulations of the nuclear direct interaction theory in which either the asymptotic channels or interacting composite states are emphasized. In the truncated bound-state approximation, they reduce to the channel coupling array (CCA) and coupled reaction channel (CRC) approaches. The unique role played by the distortion potentials Y in the CCA method is studied, and the importance of the non-orthogonality terms in the CRC is pointed out. To incorporate the advantages of both formulations, introduction of an auxiliary reactive channel to the matrix equation was proposed previously, and the structure of this modified set of scattering equations is analyzed in detail.
Localization of eigenvalues of polynomial matrices

We consider the problem of localization of eigenvalues of polynomial matrices. We propose sufficient conditions for the spectrum of a regular matrix polynomial to belong to a broad class of domains bounded by algebraic curves. These conditions generalize the known method for the localization of the spectrum of polynomial matrices based on the solution of linear matrix inequalities. We also develop a method for the localization of eigenvalues of a parametric family of matrix polynomials in the form of a system of linear matrix inequalities.
Rapid detection of the poly-γ-d-glutamic acid capsular antigen of Bacillus anthracis by latex agglutination

Latex agglutination has been used to detect capsular polysaccharides from a variety of bacteria in body fluids. A latex agglutination assay was constructed for detection of the poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (gammaDPGA) capsular polypeptide of Bacillus anthracis in serum from animal models of pulmonary anthrax. The assay was able to detect gammaDPGA in serum from infected animals at concentrations of 100 to 200 ng/mL.
Discovery of a double peaked Fe emission line in the Cloverleaf quasar H1413+117

Our spatial and spectral analysis of a recent deep Chandra observation of H1413+117 confirms a microlensing event in a previous Chandra observation of this object performed about 5 years earlier. We present constraints on the structure of H1413+117 based on the time-scale of this microlensing event. The analysis of the combined spectrum of the images indicates the presence of two emission line peaks at rest-frame energies of 5.35 keV and 6.32 keV and detected at the ≳97% and ≳99% confidence levels, respectively. The double peaked Fe emission is fit well with an accretion disk-line model, however, the best-fit accretion disk model parameters are neither well constrained nor unique. Another possible interpretation of the Fe emission is fluorescent Fe emission from the back-side of the wind. Additional observations are required to constrain better the model parameters. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification and characteristics of acetylcholinesterase from fish (Micropterus salmoides) pectoral muscles.

SummaryAcetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity was investigated in bass pectoral fin muscle homogenates using a manometric technique. The enzyme was inhibited by excess substrate and had an optimum substrate concentration of 10 mM. Specific activity was 3.2 μmoles ACh hydrolyzed per mg protein/hr at 25°. The Michaelis constant and V max were 2.47 × 10-3M and 4.56 μmoles ACh hydrolyzed per mg protein/hr, respectively. Specific AChE activity of the homogenates was inversely related to total wet wt of the fish with an R2 of 0.68. Relative rates of hydrolysis for the choline esters studied were ACh > BuCh Ψ MeCh. Hydrolysis of BzCh was negligible. The inhibitors eserine, DFP and 284C51 gave pl50's of 6.75, 5.57 and 5.62, respectively.
On Orthogonal Transforms of Images Using Paraunitary Filter Banks

Abstract The use of a paraunitary filter bank (PUFB) for image processing requires a special treatment at image boundaries, to ensure perfect reconstruction (PR) of these regions, and periodic or symmetric extensions are commonly assumed. We reduced the analysis to a one-dimensional signal assuming separable processing. Unlike infinite-length signals, PR PUFBs applied to finite-length signals will not necessarily lead to an orthogonal system. For quantization/processing of the subbands, artifacts at the image boundaries can appear due to artificial discontinuities at borders, lack of orthogonality of the effective boundary filter banks, or improper reconstruction procedure. We will explore linear-phase and nonlinear-phase PUFBs and methods to obtain orthogonality from the boundary filter banks. We will show that for symmetric extensions, orthogonality is only possible for special PUFBs based on linear-phase filters. Using time-varying boundary filter banks, we will discuss a procedure that explores all degrees of freedom of the border filters in a method essentially independent of signal extensions, allowing us to design optimal boundary filter banks, while maintaining fast implementation algorithms.
Surface anchoring and growth pattern of the first-order structural transition in a smectic A liquid crystal

Anchoring phenomena and their effect on focal conic domain (FCD) instabilities in the smectic A phase were studied for two different geometries: (a) field-driven nucleation of FCDs in a homeotropic cell and (b) anchoring-driven transition in a planar cell from field-induced homeotropic state.
Masked depression in a combined medical-psychiatric unit.

Abstract The authors describe experience with over 200 patients in a combined medical-psychiatric unit. A minority (17%) of patients carried the diagnosis of a depressive disorder on admission, but after an intensive psychiatric evaluation, over half received a depression-related diagnosis. The majority of patients had initially presented to their internists with somatic complaints. These observations reiterate previous observations that significant numbers of patients have depression that may be under-recognized because of the presence of somatic symptoms and the prominent use of denial, repression, and obsessive-compulsive defenses. Implications for the relative cost-effectiveness of treating these patients in an inpatient seuing as contrasted to outpatient and liaison models are also discussed.
A matching problem in the plane

Abstract Suppose we are given 2n distinct points in the plane, no three of which are collinear, n of which are colored blue and the remaining n are colored red. The problem we consider is that of finding a one to one correspondence between red and blue points such that if we join every pair of corresponding points by a straight line segment, then no two of the resulting n segments intersect. We give an O(n log2 n) time algorithm for computing the desired one to one correspondence.
Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry measurement of emissions concentration from glass manufacturing

Carbon is commonly added to sulfate-fined silicate-glass batches to enhance the fining process. Reactions between carbon and Na2SO4 modify the SOx emissions from Na2SO4 decomposition. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is used to analyze the emission of air pollutants from the isothermal decomposition of Na2SO4 + C undertaken using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectrometer is calibrated using standard gas mixtures containing CO, CO2, SO2, NO, and NO2. The collected spectra are quantified using the classical least-squares (CLS) approximation. The TGA-FTIR system provides SOx, and COx, concentrations versus time data from the isothermal decomposition of Na2SO4, in the presence of a carbon black. Mass spectrometry (MS) complements FTIR by being able to detect SO(g).
Karyotype evolution in a patient with down syndrome and acute leukemia following a congenital leukemoid reaction

We report the serial cytogenetic study of a patient with Down syndrome who experienced a congenital leukemoid reaction, underwent a spontaneous remission within four months, and subsequently developed acute myeloid leukemia at 16 months. A blood chromosome study to rule out Down syndrome performed at age 24 days, during the leukemoid reaction, revealed a 47,XX,+21 karyotype. The diagnosis of acute leukemia was made at 16 months, at which time a chromosome study, on bone marrow, was performed. This analysis revealed a clonal karyotype of 47,XX,+21,-22,+der (22)t(1;22)(q21;q13) in all but one cell studied. The single apparently nonclonal cell showed a karyotype of 49,XX,+12,-13,-19, +der(19)t(19;?)(q11;?)x2,+21,+22. A third chromosome study at 19 months indicated the original leukemic clone with t(1;22) (q21;q13) had been replaced by the clone represented by the single cell with 49 chromosomes seen in the previous chromosome study. This case of an infant with Down syndrome and acute leukemia illustrated rapid evolution and a transitory nature to clonal chromosome aberrations while retaining AML morphology and course. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bessel Sequences and Affine Frames

Abstract We formulate several criteria on square-integrable functions in terms of certain smoothness and rate of decay that guarantee that these functions generate Bessel sequences. As a consequence, we show that one can obtain affine frames by arbitrarily oversampling any of the well-known wavelets. On the other hand, we also show that for any integer scaling parameter a, oversampling of any affine frame by an integer factor n preserves the frame bounds, provided that n and a are relatively prime; consequently, for tight frames, and more generally frames with duals, the frame series representations remain valid for such oversampling. A corresponding oversampling theorem for Weyl–Heisenberg frames is also established.
Getting Tough with Juvenile Offenders Explaining Support for Sanctioning Youths as Adults

Despite recent “get tough” trends in juvenile justice, relatively little is known about support for sanctioning youths in adult courts. In response, this study examines several neglected explanatory factors, including links between marital status, political orientation, and philosophy of punishment. Analysis of data from the 1995 National Opinion Survey of Crime and Justice suggests that marital status and philosophy of punishment are consistently associated with support for adult sanctioning of youths when the offense involves any of three categories of offenses (selling illegal drugs, committing property crime, or committing violent crime). It also suggests that marital status conditions the effect of philosophy of punishment, an effect itself conditioned by political orientation when the offense involves selling illegal drugs. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Magnetic Tape Undulators

Abstract Magnetic undulators and wigglers are an essential part of most free electron lasers. An interesting possibility is to make short period undulators (microundulators) out of suitably recorded magnetic tapes. Field calculation and measurements on such microundulators are reported.
Environmental temperature and thyroid function in the green water snake, Natrix cyclopion.

Abstract A direct relationship was found between environmental temperature and thyroid gland activity in the green water snake, Natrix cyclopion cyclopion. Thyroid 131I uptake was found to be responsive to differences in acclimation temperature. At 32° there was a maximum 131I uptake of 29.7% on day 7 after injection of the isotope. At room temperature (21–24°) there was a peak uptake of 26.0% on the twelfth day after injection, and at 15° there was a maximum uptake of 6.6% on day 6.
Writing effective assembly procedures

Writing to the reader's needs is the theme of this article. Specific suggestions include (1) telling “why” in explanations and instructions, (2) using plenty of illustrations, (3) organizing logically, and (4) formatting for ease of use. Other tips include flowcharting the procedure to be sure steps are complete and in proper sequence; strongly emphasizing safety notices; and using action verbs in the imperative mood. A proposed format for assembly procedures is included.
Effect of polyglycolic acid microsuture on rat uterine anastomoses.

In order to observe the effectiveness of polyglycolic acid microsutures (Dexon 10-0) on rat uterine anastomoses, 40 Lewis rats were subjected to two-layer (including the mucosa) and one-layer (avoiding the mucosa) interrupted anastomoses of the freshly severed uteri using Dexon sutures. They were killed at days 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 360. There was intensive inflammatory reaction during days 7–14 that gradually subsided, and the inflammatory reaction was limited to the suture sites by days 21–30. Sutures were still detectable at the end of 2 months, but they were no longer recognized at the end of 3 months. As the sutures were completely absorbed, giant cells and granulomatous reactions completely cleared. By days 180, 270, and 360, the rat uteri in both groups were indistinguishable from nonoperated ones. In this observation, it was noted that the use of absorbable microsutures with the mucosa inclusion in the rat uterine anastomoses was equally effective as those without the mucosa, and Dexon microsutures showed no residual effects on the uterine reanastomoses.
Aerial spore dispersal close to a focus of disease

Abstract Horizontal fluxes of spores close to a source were examined using observations of spore concentration and wind speed above bare ground, and in and above a 1-m tall wheat canopy. These fluxes were estimated using a Markov-chain random-flight simulation model. For spores released over bare ground, the peak flux occurred at the height of the source and the vertical spread of the spore plume was described well by using a Lagrangian length scale L =0.5 z in the simulation model, where z is height above the ground. For spores released inside the canopy, the peak flux, at a downwind distance of 2 m, occurred well above the canopy. Reasonable agreement between the model calculations and the observations was obtained by setting the Lagrangian time scale equal to 0.5 h / σ w ( h ) inside the canopy, where h is the height of the canopy and σ w is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity fluctuations. For the wheat canopy used in this study, L at the top of the canopy was ∼0.5 m, which is about five times larger than expected from average momentum transport derived from the vertical profile of average wind speed measured above the canopy. The enhanced values of the mixing length for vertical transport of spores near the source are no doubt due to large-scale coherent motions in the flow, which favor escape of spores from the canopy over their filtration by plants.