cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-noise capacitive transimpedance amplifier performance versus alternative IR detector interface schemes in submicron CMOS

We compare the capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) to two other IR detector interface circuits using data compiled from hybrid FPAs in various formats from 8 X 8 to 1024 X 1024. The CTIA generally offers the best overall performance characteristics including read noise as low as 27 e- at signal bandwidths compatible with TV-type frame rates, low power dissipation (in some cases significantly less than 200 nW per pixel), and sufficiently low MOSFET self-emission for background-limited sensitivity at scene backgrounds significantly less than 109 photons/cm2- s. The alternative schemes should, however, be considered especially when very high transimpedance is needed at moderate bandwidths or when radiometric linearity is not required.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The RFP process: Rational, educational, necessary or there ain't no such thing as a free lunch [1]

The Request for Proposal (RFP) process provides librarians a rational method of finding the right vendor for major contracts because it gives librarians the opportunity to look at all aspects of book and serial purchasing. It allows librarians to select vendors on the basis of customer service, electronic or computing services, and financial condition, as well as discounts and service charges. The educational benefits of the RFP process are so immense that such a process should be considered by libraries whether or not it is mandated by state law. Determining how many and which RFPs will be needed, planning the timeline, selecting the RFP committee, planning on-site presentations, writing the RFP, developing the vendor selection criteria, and evaluating responses are a few of the elements of the RFP process.
Crowdsourcing: Useful for Problem Solving, But What About Value Capture?

The article presents the author's evaluation of a study authored by Afuah and Tucci in 2012 on factors which influence a firm's decision to use crowdsourcing in open source innovation. Topics include strategies to reduce the cost of product development, a comparison of crowdsourcing to internal problem solving, and theories of competitive advantage which amplify organizational performance and value capture.
Define a national curriculum for radiology residents and test from it1

Radiology residencies use a medical apprenticeship to prepare trainees for practice and eligibility to take the American Board of Radiology (ABR) certification exam. While this educational method has served us well in the past, the work environment and requirements in medical education have changed dramatically. Sweeping reforms mandated by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education’s Outcome Project (ACGME) that went into effect in the summer of 2002 is a “long-term initiative by which the ACGME is increasing emphasis on outcomes in the accreditation process of residency education programs,” and “emphasizes a program’s actual accomplishments through assessment of program outcomes” (1). At the heart of this mandate is the concept of a curriculum that defines the medical knowledge, skills, and behaviors necessary to certify a resident as competent. This new mandate has promoted the notion of the “life-long learner.” While each residency program has its own curriculum that complies with the program guidelines written by the Residency Review Committee of the ACGME, we believe a standardized national curriculum in radiology would promote the education of residents by focusing their training. This would guide program directors as to how to best teach the competencies. While many radiology residencies are adept at teaching medical knowledge, teaching our residents communication and interpersonal skills, statistics, or practice-based learning is a new and daunting concept. Furthermore, demonstrating and documenting theses concepts are work-intensive for radiology educators. Furthermore, the degree to which the competencies are integrated into each program may vary widely across the country. A standardized, national curriculum arising from a joint committee of the ACGME, the ABR, and representatives from the American Board of Medical Subspecialties and Association of Program Directors in Radiology would streamline the educational process for trainees and educators alike. While the ACGME website indicates that program directors will not be “going it alone,” and that a joint initiative of the American Board of Medical Subspecialties and the ACGME is reportedly drafting a plan, no joint plan currently exists (2). Our proposal would involve program directors and take this one step further. Inherent to this national curriculum is the fact that the ABR would be involved with this process and would test from this curriculum.
Nutrition and the development of the child

The objectives of the workshop „Nutrition and the development of the child” were to. identify how nutrition and environment interact to stimulate or constrain the physical and mental development of infants and children;. assess the prevalence and impact of these factors in regions which illustrate the problem in developing countries;. illustrate how social actions within the existing framework might help improve development and performance and reduce the constraints imposed in children and their families at risk for malnutrition;. indicate research priorities based on identification of major problems and how specific types of research being carried out in underdeveloped as well as highly developed countries might be relevant to and adapted for use in the developing world.
Performance of Glued-Laminated Timbers with FRP Shear and Flexural Reinforcement

Glued-laminated wood beams (glulams) have low allowable shear stresses relative to competitive engineering wood products such as parallel strand lumber and laminated veneer lumber. For heavily loaded applications such as garage door headers, the lower shear allowable stresses typically necessitate the use of larger glulam members relative to other engineered lumber. This paper reports on experimental research aimed at increasing the shear capacity of glulams. To increase the shear strength, a series of fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) pins are inserted into holes drilled transversely across the plies of the glulam. These pins are epoxy-bonded into place after the glulam has been produced. The test results show that the shear strength scatter in the pinned set of glulams is significantly reduced as compared to the unpinned specimens. Two- and three-parameter Weibull estimates of the service-level allowables increases between 40% and 100% for specimen sets reinforced by the FRP pins. The transverse reinforc...
Participants are people too: Introduction to the special issue on individual differences and social influence

The 40-year battle between situationists and personality psychologists finally appears to be over (Donnellan, Lucas, & Fleeson, 2009). That confrontation, which lasted a decade longer than the 1618...
Liquidus calculations for III-N semiconductors

Liquidus curves for III-N semiconducting compounds (AlN, GaN, and InN) are calculated. A quasi-chemical equilibrium approach also known as the first approximation in regular solution theory is used to calculate the T-X data. These calculations are based primarily on the heat and entropy of formation and the heat and entropy of fusion. A semi-empirical method is used to estimate the entropy and temperature of fusion values of the nitrides. The entropy of fusion of AlN is estimated to be 15.2 eu/mole with a melting point of 2800°C; for GaN, ΔSF = 16.1 eu/mole with Tm = 1700°C; and for InN, ΔSF = 14.5 eu/mole with Tm = 1200°C. These liquidus calculations are used to compute pressure of N2 over both the column III rich and nitrogen rich regions of the nitrides. Implications for crystal growth are discussed.
Using podcasts and tablet PCs in computer science

This experiment involved our software engineering course that is required for students majoring in Computer Science; however our experiences are applicable to most computer science courses. The Fall 2005 course was taught based on slide presentations during class and work on the course project outside of class. We inverted this arrangement during the Spring 2006 course: lectures were delivered as video podcasts outside class while class time was spent working on the course project and problem solving using Tablet PCs. The same textbook and slide presentations were used; exams were almost identical and the projects were similar. We discuss the conversion of an entire semester's worth of lectures into 65 video podcasts. About 30% of each podcast includes live video of students interacting with the instructor. We also discuss use of Tablet PCs during the class sessions. The students in both semesters had equivalent performance on exams, but the project grades in the Spring semester were substantially higher resulting in higher overall grades. We conclude with a description of our current efforts using podcasts and tablet PCs in a data structures course. This work was supported partially by NSF grant DUE 0341506 [10].
Genome surfing: using internet-based informatic tools toward functional genetic studies in mouse and humans.

The wealth of databases containing genomic information and the easy access via the internet can be an invaluable tool in performing genetic studies and identifying important sequences. This article provides an overview and specific methods for using these resources in both positional cloning and identifying candidate genes for diseases and phenotypes. The ability to apply information across the mouse and human species is stressed. Useful internet sites and their contents are identified and described, and some understanding of their current limitations is provided. As additional genomic definition accelerates, the use of these tools will become more essential in cutting edge research linking sequence and function in whole mammalian organisms.
Recovery and outcome of patients with stroke treated in an acute care hospital.

This retrospective study of patients with stroke was performed to describe the patients' functional independence on admission to and discharge from physical therapy treatment, determine whether significant functional recovery occurred during the treatment period, and identify independent variables correlating with recovery and outcome at discharge. The Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) system was used to score performance in bed mobility, transfers, locomotion, and stairs. Outcome was indicated by the discharge FIM scores and discharge habitat. The 105 patients whose acute care records were reviewed demonstrated significant improvements between admission and discharge in all functions. Among the variables that correlated significantly with recovery were number of treatments and admission FIM scores. Age and number of treatments correlated significantly with discharge habitat. All FIM scores (admission and discharge) correlated significantly with discharge habitat. Results suggest that FIM scores can be used to document the functional status of patients with stroke in an acute care setting and that the scores have value as predictors of recovery and outcome.
Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with a median survival of 4–6 mo after diagnosis. It is relatively resistant to chemotherapy alone. Shimaoka and associates (1) reported the response of anaplastic thyroid cancer to chemotherapy in a randomized trial conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Of the 39 patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer enrolled in the study, 21 were treated with doxorubicin alone, and 18 were treated with a combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin. Only one patient showed partial response to doxorubicin alone, compared to three complete responses and three partial responses in the combination arm. However, patients treated with combination chemotherapy did not have a statistically longer duration of response, nor of time to relapse. Investigators concluded that combination chemotherapy is superior to single-agent treatment in anaplastic carcinoma, with a higher response rate but no survival advantage.
More pay, more inequality? The influence of average wage levels and the racial composition of jobs on the Black–White wage gap

Abstract Using an unusually detailed definition of jobs (labor market-occupation-industry cells), I assess whether the Black–White wage gap increases as one ascends the wage hierarchy of local labor markets. Additionally, I test whether the tendency for Black-dominated jobs to pay less than other jobs is stronger among jobs that offer high pay relative to other jobs in the local labor market. There are several important results from the hierarchical linear models. First, there is a substantial net pay penalty associated with Black-dominated jobs, and there is some evidence that this penalty is stronger for Black workers than Whites. Second, the job racial composition effect is weaker among high-paying jobs. In contrast, the net pay gap within jobs is positively associated with the overall pay in a job, implying that ensuring equal access to high-paying jobs will only a partially ameliorate Black–White wage inequality.
Growth of semiconductor heterostructures on patterned substrates: defect reduction and nanostructures

Abstract The current status of the growth of semiconductor single and multilayered structures on non-planar patterned substrates (NPPS) is reviewed with particular focus on the use of NPPS for (1) defect reduction in the growth of lattice mismatched systems and (2) realization of 2- and 3-dimensionally confined structures via a one-step growth process. In the first category a comparison of the currently-employed theoretical framework and experimental findings reveals serious discrepancies whose origin, it is argued, lies in the inadequacy of the underlying conceptual models and not merely in the limitations of the calculated expressions. It is further argued that an atomistic understanding of strained growth on unpatterned and patterned substrates alike can be gained only by recognizing the intimate connection between the kinetics of growth and of defect formation. The role of intra- and inter-facet migration in impacting the growth on NPPS in general, and in impacting defect formation in strained growth in particular, is evaluated. It is shown that existing observations point to a critical role being played by the relative orientation of the surface dangling orbitals and the ledge directions defining the mesa shapes. This is shown to define the notion of a substrate encoded size-reducing epitaxy (SESRE) that can be exploited to prepare, in-situ and via a one step growth on appropriately chosen mesas, nanoscale laterally-confined templates that serve as “substrates” for (a) subsequent growth of strained structures with significantly reduced defect density in strained systems and (b) realization of nanostructures. In the second category, after reviewing the current status of nanostructure fabrication via growth on NPPS, attention is focused on the use of SESRE as a specific and more versatile approach to the realization of 2D and 3D confined structures. Examples from the recent first realization of 3D confined structures via growth on NPPS are cited while also noting the serious technological issues relating to sufficient control on the as-patterned size and growth conditions that impact realization of uniform 2D arrays. The review concludes with some comments on the future directions of investigations.
A Note on the Foundation Stones in Revelation 21.14, 19-20

In John’s vision of the New Jerusalem the foundation stones in Rev. 21.14, 19-20 form part of the material makeup of the heavenly city. Yet some critical assessment of these verses has called into ...
Serum biological markers and paraneoplastic syndromes in Wilms tumor

Various tumors secrete tumor-specific substances capable of producing signs and symptoms in host organs not caused by direct tumor invasion or organ destruction. These symptoms are collectively referred to as "remote effects" or "paraneoplastic syndromes" of malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndromes are uncommon in childhood cancer. In Wilms tumor several distinct paraneoplastic syndromes have been reported: hypertension, erythrocytosis, hypercalcemia, Cushing syndrome, and acquired Von Willebrand disease. In addition some tumor-specific substances are known to be elevated in patients with a malignancy without causing specific symptoms. These so called "tumor markers" can be used to detect early recurrence in previously treated patients, or in the evaluation of patients undergoing adjuvant therapy. Five of particular interest are erythropoietin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), hyaluronic acid (HA), hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity (HSA), and hyaluronidase.
Cardiovascular responses to static exercise in boys: insights from tissue Doppler imaging

Ventricular functional changes and mechanisms of the cardiovascular responses during static exercise have not been well delineated in children. In this study, Doppler echocardiographic techniques were utilized to assess cardiovascular adaptations to bilateral isometric leg extension at 30% maximal voluntary contraction for three minutes in a group of 14 healthy boys (mean age 10.2 ± 1.5 years). Mean heart rate rose from 77 ± 9 to 106 ± 11 bpm, stroke volume fell from 59 ± 9 to 52 ± 7 ml, and cardiac output increased from 4.58 ± 0.58 to 5.62 ± 0.81 l min-1 (P < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure rose from 86 ± 7 to 109 ± 9 mm Hg, with no significant change in peripheral vascular resistance. By tissue Doppler imaging markers, inotropic function improved by 59%, while lusitropic function increased 38%. These findings suggest that (1) cardiovascular responses to static leg extension in boys are similar to those in adult men, and (2) isometric leg extension triggers modest increases in both systolic and diastolic function.
Regulation of Sperm Activation by SWM-1 Is Required for Reproductive Success of C. elegans Males

Summary Background Sexual reproduction in animals requires the production of highly specialized motile sperm cells that can navigate to and fertilize ova. During sperm differentiation, nonmotile spermatids are remodeled into motile spermatozoa through a process known as spermiogenesis. In nematodes, spermiogenesis, or sperm activation, involves a rapid cellular morphogenesis that converts unpolarized round spermatids into polarized amoeboid spermatozoa capable of both motility and fertilization. Results Here we demonstrate, by genetic analysis and in vivo and in vitro cell-based assays, that the temporal and spatial localization of spermiogenesis are critical determinants of male fertility in C. elegans , a male/hermaphrodite species. We identify swm-1 as a factor important for male but not hermaphrodite fertility. We show that whereas in wild-type males, activation occurs after spermatids are transferred to the hermaphrodite, swm-1 mutants exhibit ectopic activation of sperm within the male reproductive tract. This ectopic activation leads to infertility by impeding sperm transfer. The SWM-1 protein is composed of a signal sequence and two trypsin inhibitor-like domains and likely functions as a secreted serine protease inhibitor that targets two distinct proteases. Conclusions These findings support a model in which (1) proteolysis acts as an important in vivo trigger for sperm activation and (2) regulating the timing of proteolysis-triggered activation is crucial for male reproductive success. Furthermore, our data provide insight into how a common program of gamete differentiation can be modulated to allow males to participate in reproduction in the context of a male/hermaphrodite species where the capacity for hermaphrodite self-fertilization has rendered them nonessential for progeny production.
Measurement of sensitive current and charge motion using coherent averaging of remote low frequency magnetic field observations

Measuring lightning charge transfer, especially on time scales longer than several milliseconds, is a challenge. Instrumented towers can measure this quantity precisely but only for a tiny fraction of cloud-to-ground lightning. Electrostatic field measurements of lightning signals can provide robust estimates of this quantity, but the fast decay with distance of the electric field limits the measurement range to roughly 100 km at best. In contrast, low frequency and nearly-static magnetic fields from slowly varying lightning current decay much more slowly with distance and can therefore be measured at very long ranges. By measuring these low frequency magnetic fields, it is possible to broaden the geographic reach of lightning charge measurements. Sensitivity and noise, however, often limit these measurements to very large charge transfer lightning.
Kilometric type III burst enhancements associated with interplanetary shocks

Type III bursts have been observed in the 30–100 kHz range which show localized enhancements in their spectra. The enhancements exhibited by a series of type III bursts extending over a period of several hours show a consistent decrease in frequency. The rate of this decrease is consistent with the movement of an interplanetary shock. The passage of such a shock by the Earth is suggested by the occurrence of sudden commencements at approximately the expected time.
Herpes Simplex Virus Induces Intracellular Redistribution of E2F4 and Accumulation of E2F Pocket Protein Complexes

Accumulation of E2F-p107 and E2F-pRB DNA binding complexes occurred after herpes simplex virus infection of U2-OS cells. Accumulation of E2F-p107 also occurred by 4 h p.i. in C33 cells. This corresponded to a time when host DNA synthesis was reduced by 50%, and lagged by >/=1 h, the onset of viral DNA synthesis. To determine the basis for increased nuclear E2F complexes, we investigated the effects of virus infection on the intracellular distribution of the E2F-dependent DNA binding complexes and their protein constituents. Western blot analyses of whole cell extracts revealed that amounts of E2F4, E2F1, DP1, and p107 remained unchanged after infection of C33 cells. Analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, however, revealed that cytoplasmic E2F4 decreased and nuclear E2F4 increased. This correlated with a loss of cytoplasmic E2F DNA-binding activity and a corresponding increase in nuclear DNA-binding activity. Concomitant with its redistribution, the apparent molecular weight of total and p107-associated E2F4 increased, at least partially as a result of protein phosphorylation. Increased nuclear E2F-pRB in U2-OS cells was accompanied by the conversion of pRB from a hyper- to a hypophosphorylated state. Infection of U2-OS cells with viral mutants indicated that viral protein IE ICP4 was necessary for the decrease in cytoplasmic E2F-p107, and that viral protein DE ICP8 was required for nuclear accumulation of p107-E2F. In contrast, ICP8 was not required for accumulation of E2F-pRB. These results indicate that the increase in E2F-p107 may be explained by the redistribution and modification of E2F4 and the increase in E2F-pRB by modification of pRB.
Rift valley Fever virus encephalitis is associated with an ineffective systemic immune response and activated T cell infiltration into the CNS in an immunocompetent mouse model.

Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes outbreaks of severe disease in livestock and humans throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In people, RVFV generally causes a self-limiting febrile illness but in a subset of individuals, it progresses to more serious disease. One manifestation is a delayed-onset encephalitis that can be fatal or leave the afflicted with long-term neurologic sequelae. In order to design targeted interventions, the basic pathogenesis of RVFV encephalitis must be better understood. Methodology/Principal Findings To characterize the host immune responses and viral kinetics associated with fatal and nonfatal infections, mice were infected with an attenuated RVFV lacking NSs (ΔNSs) that causes lethal disease only when administered intranasally (IN). Following IN infection, C57BL/6 mice developed severe neurologic disease and succumbed 7–9 days post-infection. In contrast, inoculation of ΔNSs virus subcutaneously in the footpad (FP) resulted in a subclinical infection characterized by a robust immune response with rapid antibody production and strong T cell responses. IN-inoculated mice had delayed antibody responses and failed to clear virus from the periphery. Severe neurological signs and obtundation characterized end stage-disease in IN-inoculated mice, and within the CNS, the development of peak virus RNA loads coincided with strong proinflammatory responses and infiltration of activated T cells. Interestingly, depletion of T cells did not significantly alter survival, suggesting that neurologic disease is not a by-product of an aberrant immune response. Conclusions/Significance Comparison of fatal (IN-inoculated) and nonfatal (FP-inoculated) ΔNSs RVFV infections in the mouse model highlighted the role of the host immune response in controlling viral replication and therefore determining clinical outcome. There was no evidence to suggest that neurologic disease is immune-mediated in RVFV infection. These results provide important insights for the future design of vaccines and therapeutic options.
Rohacell foam as a silicon support structure material for the PHENIX multiplicity vertex detector

Abstract Rohacell [1], a low-density rigid foam, has been investigated as a support structure material for silicon strip detectors in the Multiplicity Vertex Detector (MVD) in the PHENIX experiment. Although Rohacell is susceptible to changes in humidity, tests have shown that it is an acceptable material for the MVD silicon support structure. The advantage of using Rohacell is that it offers a mechanically robust structure in which secondary interactions are minimized.
Stabilization of Linear Systems under Coarse Quantization and Time Delays

Abstract We consider the problem of stabilizing a control system using a coarse state quantizer in the presence of time delays. We assume the quantizer has an adjustable “center” and “zoom” parameters, and employ an alternating “zoom out”/“zoom in” mechanism in order to achieve a large region of attraction while having the system converge to a small region around the origin. This mechanism is adopted from our previous work where delays were not considered. Here we show that the control system, using the same mechanism and without making any changes in order to accommodate delays explicitly, remains stable under small delays. The main tool we use to prove the result is the nonlinear small-gain theorem.
Extinction Theorem Deghosting Method Using Towed Streamer Pressure Data: Analysis of the Receiver Array Effect On Deghosting And Subsequent Free Surface Multiple Removal

In seismic exploration, acquiring full surface coverage with point receiver data is generally consistent with wave theoretic processing requirements. It is important to characterize the receiver array effect on any wave theory based seismic processing method. Deghosting is a prerequisite for free surface multiple removal (FSMR), internal multiple attenuation/elimination, and the imaging and inversion of primaries. The effectiveness of deghosting directly affects the performance of these methods. We propose a new method for deghosting towed streamer data that modifies and extends the Weglein et al. (2002) algorithm and make use of the wavelet method presented by Guo et al. (2005). We test the method for a simple 1D acoustic model and conclude that very accurate deghosting results can be obtained when using point receiver data. Useful but less accurate results can also be obtained when using receiver array data.
Passive sodium fluxes across toad bladder in the presence of simultaneous transepithelial gradients of concentration and potential

Bidirectional sodium fluxes were measured across toad bladder sacs after eliminating active transport with ouabain. Transepithelial potential was clamped to 100 mV or the Nernst potential,ψ eq, at varying sodium concentrations,C m , in the mucosal medium. Serosal sodium concentration,C s , was held constant. Equations were derived for permeability, partial ionic conductance, and unidirectional fluxes as functions ofC m andC s , based in part on the assumption that the ratio,Q, of bulk sodium permeability to tracer sodium permeability is a constant, independent of concentration and potential. The results conformed closely to these equations.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the developing zebrafish

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of polypeptides that includes NGF, NT-3, NT-4\5 and NT-6. Although neurotrophins are known to be expressed in teleost fishes little is known about their functions in the development of these vertebrates. We are therefore studying BDNF in the zebrafish, Danio rerio . The structure of zebrafish BDNF mRNA was established using PCR and cDNA cloning. The encoded BDNF was 91% identical to mammalian BDNF. Southern blot analysis revealed a unique BDNF gene. Northern blot analysis detected two heterogeneous populations of BDNF transcripts centered at 1.6 and 2 kb. BDNF transcripts were first measurable 24 h post-fertilization (pf). Their abundance relative to total transcripts increased 6-fold between 1 day and 3 days pf and again 2-fold by 7 days pf. In situ hybridization analyses of 4-day-old larvae revealed BDNF transcripts in the retina, brain, otic vesicle, pectoral fin and the hair cells of the neuromast. The early onset and cellular sites of expression suggest that BDNF functions in nervous system and fin development in the zebrafish.
DNA damage cell checkpoint activities are altered in monocrotaline pyrrole-induced cell cycle arrest in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) causes cyto- and karyomegaly and persistent cell cycle arrest in the G2 stage of the cell cycle in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. To better characterize the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of this process as well as determine whether this process would occur in cells of human origin, we treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) cultures with MCTP and determined, by flow cytometry, the expression of cyclin B1 and p53 in conjunction with DNA content. We also validated by Western blots that the persistence of cdc2 in its inactivated phosphorylated state, previously described in bovine cell cultures, occurred in HPAEC. Alterations in p53, cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cdc25c expression were also examined in Western blots of treated HPAEC extracts. The response of HPAEC to MCTP was compared with that of adriamycin and nocodazole, agents known to cause cell cycle alterations. Results of these experiments demonstrate that HPAEC treated with MCTP develop a population of cells in G2 that has increased cyclin B1 expression. These cells express increased amounts of cdc2 but not cdc25c. The ratio of inactive triphosphorylated cdc2 to the active monophosphorylated form increased moderately from control cultures in contrast to predominance of the active form in nocodazole-treated cultures. In addition, a second population of cells expressing cyclin B1 had continued incorporation of BrdU and DNA content consistent with 8 N chromosomes. A similar 8 N cell population was evident in nocodazole-treated cells but these cells had both cyclin B1 positive and negative components. Compared with adriamycin, a known inducer of p53, MCTP-treated HPAEC expressed p53 only at high concentrations and p53 expression was not coordinated with G2 arrest or polyploidy. We conclude that HPAEC treated with low concentrations of MCTP develop G2 arrest in association with persistent cyclin B1 expression, failure to completely activate cdc2, and continued DNA synthesis through a pathway that is unrelated to altered expression of p53.
The Portable Device for Detecting Smart Meter Fee Control Functions

In view of the current smart meter fee control functions heavy task, work intensity and other issues, we designed a new type of portable smart meter fee control functions test device. The device includes a parallel communication, automatic features such as card issuers, small size, light weight, easy to carry, to achieve automatic control function detects meter fees, enhanced energy meter test bench, between the host computer and the inspector who machine interaction capabilities, improve the detection efficiency of the staff, reducing the misuse rate, and enhance the flexibility of the testing work. The device is able to meet the needs of the current smart meter automatically detects work. Guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the energy meter testing.
Antibody-dependent Lymphocyte-mediated Granulocytotoxicity (ADLG) for the detection of granulocyte antibodies

An antibody-dependent cell-mediated granulocytotoxic assay (ADLG) has been developed to detect antibodies to human granulocytes. This study examines some possible variables in this assay, the ADLG activity in serum from normal individuals, the contribution of ABO isohemagglutinins and the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. Significant differences in percentage cytotoxicity of ABO compatible and incompatible cell/serum combinations were detected in the normal population. Human serum with antibodies to the neutrophil specific antigens NA1 and NB1 gave positive results in the ADLG assay. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity were observed among various sera. ADLG activity was dependent on the source of effector cells. Effector and target cells stored in vitro were unsatisfactory in this assay. The ADLG assay may be a valuable addition to existing granulocyte serological methods and provide useful clinical information on mechanisms of immune neutropenias.
Endonasal transsphenoidal transclival removal of prepontine epidermoid tumors: technical note.

OBJECTIVE Prepontine retroclival tumors have typically been removed through a variety of anterolateral, lateral, and posterolateral cranial base approaches. Here, we describe an endonasal transclival cranial base approach for removal of prepontine epidermoid tumors. METHODS Two men, 40 and 52 years old, each presented with a history of headaches and cranial nerve deficits. In each patient, magnetic resonance imaging showed a large T1 hypointense/T2 hyperintense mass occupying the posterior suprasellar, premesencephalic, and prepontine cisterns, with significant mass effect on the brainstem. Both patients underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal transclival cranial base tumor removal with the operating microscope and endoscopic assistance. The dural and bony defects were repaired with abdominal fat grafts, collagen sponge, titanium mesh, and cerebrospinal fluid diversion. One patient developed a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis requiring two reoperations to repair, ultimately with fat and fascia lata grafts. RESULTS At 1 year after surgery, both patients have improved compared with their preoperative neurological state, and volume analysis of preoperative and 1-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans confirm a marked reduction in mass effect on the brainstem, with a 78% tumor removal in one patient and 76% removal in the other. Both patients have normal endocrine function. CONCLUSION The endonasal approach offers a minimally invasive, anatomically direct route for removing prepontine epidermoid tumors that obviates brain retraction. The use of angled endoscopes is essential for gaining lateral, cephalad, and caudal visualization to augment the limited microscope view. Inadequate repair of clival dural defects remains the greatest potential pitfall in attempting transsphenoidal transclival tumor removal.
Experience with CST: programming and implementation

CST is a programming language based on Smalltalk-802 that supports concurrency using locks, asynchronous messages, and distributed objects. In this paper, we describe CST: the language and its implementation. Example programs and initial programming experience with CST are described. Our implementation of CST generates native code for the J-machine, a fine-grained concurrent computer. Some compiler optimizations developed in conjunction with that implementation are also described.
Energetics and structural changes associated with phase separation and crystallization in lithium silicate glasses

Abstract The liberation of the enthalpy of vitrification of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 glass as a function of annealing time at 500 and 520°C has been studied by high temperature drop solution calorimetry to relate the energetics of crystallization and concomitant structural changes in the glass. Enthalpy is liberated such that partially crystallized glasses behave like mechanical mixtures of glass and crystal. 29 Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy corroborates this observation. There is good agreement between four independent determinations of the degree of crystallization as a function of time, for glasses annealed at 500 and 520°C, namely by density measurements, X-ray intensity measurements, optical microscopy and calorimetry. Preliminary calorimetric and spectroscopic results on phase separation and crystallization in Li 2 Si 4 O 9 glass show that the enthalpy difference between optically clear and phase-separated glass is almost zero, the phase-separated glass being 2.3±2.6 kJ/mol more stable in energy. This lack of a difference is consistent with macroscopic phase separation representing coarsening of the size of heterogeneous local environments already present in the clear glass.
Characterization of Tunable Metamaterial Elements Using MEMS Switches

An experimental demonstration and analysis of a dual-state switchable magnetic metamaterial element in which the resonance excitation of the particle is controlled using an RF microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch is presented. By controlling the resonant properties of the individual ring, unit cells composed of such elements can be used to realize an effective dual-state switchable medium. Transmission and loss characteristics of the switchable element for two different switch topologies are compared. Experimental data shows that the MEMS switch allows for a switchable resonant particle with reasonably low losses.
Complete sequence of the S RNA of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (WE strain) compared to that of pichinde arenavirus

Previous studies have reported that the 3' half of the small, S, RNA species of the WE strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus codes for the viral nucleoprotein in a subgenomic, viral-complementary, mRNA species (Romanowski, V. and Bishop, D.H.L. (1985) Virus Res. 2, 35-51). The complete sequence of the LCM-WE S RNA has now been obtained, indicating that the 5' half of the RNA codes for the viral glycoprotein precursor in a viral-sense sequence that does not overlap the N gene. It is concluded that, like Pichinde virus (Auperin, D. et al. (1984) J. Virol. 52, 897-904), LCM has an ambisense S RNA coding strategy. The LCM-WE S RNA is 3375 nucleotides in length, has a size of 1.14 X 10(6) Da and base composition of 26.1% A, 23.2% C, 21.5% G, 29.2% U. The 3' and 5' end sequences of the S RNA are complementary for some 30 nucleotides, depending on the arrangement. The non-coding regions at the two ends are 77 (5') and 60 (3') nucleotides long. The glycoprotein precursor has a primary amino acid size of 56293 Da and is rich in potential glycosylation sites as well as histidine and cysteine residues. It has both amino and carboxy proximal hydrophobic regions. The LCM-WE S RNA and predicted protein sequence data have been compared to those of Pichinde arena-virus. Extensive RNA and protein sequence homology exists for the two S RNA species, although the homology for the glycoprotein sequences of the two viruses (39%) is less than the 50% observed for the two viral nucleoproteins.
Positions of cations and molecules in zeolites with the mordenite-type framework. (VI). Dehydrated barium mordenite

Mordenite from Challis Valley, Idaho, was ion-exchanged with RbCl2 solution to ∼Rb8Al8Si40O96·nH2O. After dehydration at 340°C for 1 day, the crystal structure was determined at room temperature. Earlier attempts to dehydrate crystals at higher temperature led to disintegration, and even the present crystal fractured. Although this resulted in poor X-ray data, refinement in Cmcm (a 18.127(7) b 20.408(6) c 7.463(3)A) yielded atomic positions similar to those for dehydrated K-mordenite. Rb atoms in sites II (3.7Rb), IV (3.1Rb) and VI (0.7Rb) block most of the small channels (“side pockets”) and may hinder diffusion along the main channels. A few diffractions violating the C lattice were ignored in the refinement but indicate structural distortion similar to that in dehyrated K-mordenite which was refined in Pbcn. However the presence of a few weak diffractions violating the b glide indicates even lower symmetry.
Pharmacological activities of the MIF-1 analogues Pro-Leu-Gly, Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly and pareptide

Abstract The pharmacological activities of the related free acid analogues of MIF-1, Pro-Leu-Gly (PLG) and Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly (YPLG), were investigated because of the possibility that they may be formed during the digestion of milk and wheat proteins in vivo . The amino acid sequences-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly- and -Pro-Leu-Gly- are present in proteins from these foods. Chronic administration of either PLG (0.25 mg/kg, SC, BID) or the control substance, pareptide (0.25 mg/kg, SC, BID), antagonized the development of tolerance to the cataleptic effects of haloperidol in mice. The effect of YPLG (0.25 mg/kg, SC, BID) on the development of this tolerance was borderline and not statistically significant. Nanomolar concentrations of PLG, YPLG, and pareptide each increased the in vitro binding of 3 H-apomorphine to rat striatal receptors. In this in vitro system, bell-shaped dose response curves were observed for each peptide. The effects of these peptides on tolerance development and apomorphine binding are similar to those previously reported for MIF-1 and demonstrate that amidation at the carboxyl terminus is not required for biological activity.
Experimental determination of detectiòn limits and calibration constants for energy-dispersive x-ray analysis using thin film frozen hydrated solutions

Thin specimens of rapidly frozen aqueous solutions of inorganic ions were studied in a scanning electron microscope modified for transmission imaging (STEM) and equipped with a cryostage to maintain specimens below −140° for vacuum compatibility and net reduction in elemental loss [1,2]. Through the use of an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system, the atomic species in frozen hydrated solutions were identified by analysis of the characteristic fluorescent X-ray energy spectrum. Solutions containing the elements sodium, phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur, potassium and calcium in known concentration were examined to determine the limits of detection of these species. Quantitation curves were obtained for aqueous concentrations of these elements. A detection limit of 1.6 to 3.1 mM (28–55 ppm) was determined for each of the elements analyzed except sodium, for which the detection limit was 3.1–6.2 mM (56–112 ppm). Linear relationships between known and computed concentrations determined by X-ray microanalysis were obtained over the investigated range with the exception of a slightly lower than expected peak-to-background ratio for the more dilute solutions examined. The values of Wx, the constant of proportionality between the peak/background ratio and concentration, were found to be in close agreement with those obtained by Shuman et al. [3].
How Does the Cell Overcome LCP Nanoparticle-Induced Calcium Toxicity?

To address the question of how cells respond to the possible Ca2+ toxicity caused by the release of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm by LCP nanoparticles, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies using Ca2+ pump inhibitors were conducted. The results indicated that two major Ca2+ pumps on the plasma membrane and the mitochondrial membrane, respectively, were able to rapidly respond to the elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and prevent Ca2+-induced apoptosis or necrosis. However, exposure to specific inhibitors of calcium pumps would cause LCP-treated H460 cells to undergo necrosis both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated that the Ca2+ delivered by LCP was not toxic to cells when the cells contain functional Ca2+ pumps.
The heterotic string five graviton one-loop amplitude is finite

Abstract We compute the one-loop heterotic string amplitude for the scattering of five graviton-like particles, and show its modular invariance.
SU-FF-J-21: Image Interpolation in 4D CT Using a BSpline Deformable Registration Model

Purpose: To develop a method for deriving phase‐binned 3D CTimages through the interpolation of CTimages at 2∼3 known phase points.. Method and Materials: 4D‐CT dataset for 3 patients were acquired. The deformation between inhale and exhale phases was quantified using a BSpline image registration model. During the registration calculation, the displacement coefficients defined on a lattice of nodes overlaid on the image were iteratively modified until optimal match was achieved. Images at an arbitrary phase were deduced by direct interpolation of the node coefficients. The interpolatedimages were compared with the actual 4D dataset and the results were evaluated by measuring the displacements of implanted fiducials in the two sets of images. Checkerboard and subtraction images between the interpolated and actual images were also computed. Results: The model was capable of describing the patient‐specific anatomical deformation between the inhale and exhale phases and generating images at intermediate phases with a 3 mm accuracy. Subtraction images indicated only 0.1% of voxels having a difference >20 HU. The technique also mapped the organ contours at a known phase to other phases and provided an effective way for designing patient‐specific margins in the presence of respiratory motion. Finally, the technique lead to a 90% reduction in the stored data because the 4D CT dataset of 25 million pixels can now be described by only a few thousand BSpline lattice points. Conclusion:Organ deformation during the breathing process can be modeled by using an interpolation of the deformation field with 3mm accuracy. To obtain images at any phase during a breathing cycle, it seems adequate to acquire only 2∼3 sets of images at some distinct phases such as inhale and exhale points. The technique offers a practical solution for 4D‐CT acquisition with greatly reduced radiation dose and binning artifacts.
Broad-spectrum defense against plant pathogens

Transfer of a pattern-recognition immune receptor to a crop confers resistance to several bacterial pathogens.
Long-term failure rate and morphologic correlations in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves

To ascertain relations among site, incidence, and mechanisms of clinically evident failure of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves, the frequency of failure of 1,110 valves in 1,001 adult operative survivors from January 1972 to January 1982 was reviewed and correlated with the pathologic features of 22 consecutive dysfunctional valves. There were 373 mitral, 519 aortic, and 109 double replacements, yielding for study 482 mitral and 628 aortic valves at risk. Infective endocarditis occurred in 1.9% (8 mitral, 7 aortic, and 4 double). Twenty-three valves (13 mitral and 10 aortic) with documented primary dysfunction were explanted, a mean of 55 months (range 9 to 94) after surgery. The primary dysfunction rate for the 333 valves implanted for ≥5 years was 6.8% (11 of 161) for mitral and 4.1% (7 of 172) for aortic valves. Valves implanted for