cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron beam-induced surface modification and nano-engineering of carbon nanotubes: Single-walled and multiwalled

Influence of low and medium energy electron beam (E-beam) irradiation on the single-walled (SW) and multiwalled (MW) carbon nanotube films grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition are investigated. These films were subjected to electron beam energy of 50 keV from scanning electron microscope for 2.5, 5.5, 8.0, and 15 h and 100, 200, and 300 keV from transmission electron microscope electron gun for a few minutes to approximately 2 h continuously. To assess the surface modifications/structural degradation, the films were analyzed prior to and post-irradiation using x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy in addition to in situ monitoring by scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A minimal increase in intertube or interplanar spacing (i.e., d002) for MW nanotubes ranging from 3.25–3.29 A (∼3%) can be analogized to change in c-axis of graphite lattice due to thermal effects measured using x-ray diffraction. Resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed that irradiation generated defects in the lattice evaluated through variation of: the intensity of radial breathing mode (RBM), intensity ratio of D to G band (ID/IG), position of D and G bands and their harmonics (D* and G*). The increase in the defect-induced D band intensity, quenching of RBM intensity, and only a slight increase in G band intensity are some of the implications. The MW nanotubes tend to reach a state of saturation for prolonged exposures, while SW transforming semiconducting to quasi-metallic character. Softening of the q = 0 selection rule is suggested as a possible way to explain these results. It is also suggestive that knock-on collision may not be the primary cause of structural degradation, rather a local gradual reorganization, i.e., sp2+δ ⇔ sp2+δ, sp2 C seems quite possible. Experiments showed that with extended exposures, both kinds of nanotubes displayed various local structural instabilities including pinching, graphitization/amorphization, and forming intra-molecular junction (IMJ) within the area of electron beam focus possibly through amorphous carbon aggregates. They also displayed curling and closure forming nano-ring and helix-like structures while mending their dangling bonds. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy electrons corroborated these conclusions. Manufacturing of nanoscale structures “nano-engineering” of carbon-based systems is tentatively ascribed to irradiation-induced solid-state phase transformation, in contrast to conventional nanotube synthesis from the gas phase.
Methods for Semi-automated Indexing for High Precision Information Retrieval

Objective. To evaluate a new system, ISAID (Internet-based Semi-automated Indexing of Documents), and to generate textbook indexes that are more detailed and more useful to readers. Design. Pilot evaluation: simple, nonrandomized trial comparing ISAID with manual indexing methods. Methods evaluation: randomized, cross-over trial comparing three versions of ISAID and usability survey. Participants. Pilot evaluation: two physicians. Methods evaluation: twelve physicians, each of whom used three different versions of the system for a total of 36 indexing sessions. Measurements. Total index term tuples generated per document per minute (TPM), with and with- out adjustment for concordance with other subjects; inter-indexer consistency; ratings of the usabil- ity of the ISAID indexing system. Results. Compared with manual methods, ISAID decreased indexing times greatly. Using three versions of ISAID, inter-indexer consistency ranged from 15% to 65% with a mean of 41%, 31%, and 40% for each of three documents. Subjects using the full version of ISAID were faster (average TPM: 5.6) and had higher rates of concordant index generation. There were substantial learning effects, despite our use of a training/run-in phase. Subjects using the full version of ISAID were much faster by the third indexing session (average TPM: 9.1). There was a statistically significant increase in three-subject concordant indexing rate using the full version of ISAID during the second indexing session (p < 0.05). Summary. Users of the ISAID indexing system create complex, precise, and accurate indexing for full-text documents much faster than users of manual methods. Furthermore, the natural language processing methods that ISAID uses to suggest indexes contributes substantially to increased index- ing speed and accuracy.
Effects of Low‐dose Gamma Irradiation on the Shelf Life and Quality Characteristics of Cut Romaine Lettuce Packaged under Modified Atmosphere

: Cut romaine lettuce, packaged under modified atmosphere, was subjected to 0.15 and 0.35 kGy gamma irradiation. Irradiation at 0.35 kGy decreased aerobic plate counts by 1.5 logs and yeast and mold counts by 1 log; these differences were maintained through the 22-d storage. Irradiation at 0.15 kGy caused smaller reductions in microbial counts. A decrease in headspace CO2 was observed in the 0.35-kGy-treated lettuce, although CO2 concentrations increased in all samples with storage. O2 concentration was not affected by irradiation. Ten percent loss in firmness was observed at 0.35 kGy, while other sensory attributes such as color, generation of off-flavor, and appearance of visual defects were not affected.
A wireless-based virtual salesman system

This paper presents a wireless-based virtual salesman system to interact with mobile users by providing an electronic virtual salesman to support wireless shopping. The paper not only reports the system architecture and design, but also introduces a virtual salesman concept and presents an intelligent solution which supports the interactions between virtual salesman and mobile users. A context-based interaction model is proposed as the base of the intelligent solution, and the related reasoning rules are given to model marketing and sales business logistics. The major difference between this system and the existing online-based e-commerce systems is that our system uses an electronic virtual salesman to actively interact with end customers to drive and conduct product promotions, selection, and trading operations. The paper presents an application example to demonstrate how to automatically interact with mobile device users using a wireless-based virtual salesman.
Adiabatic Shear Banding in Plane Strain Problems

Two different loadings, namely, the top and bottom surfaces subjected to a prescribed, tangential velocity, and these two surfaces subjected to a preassigned normal velocity, are considered. In each case a material defect, flaw, or inhomogeneity is modeled by introducing a temperature bump at the center of the specimen. The solution of the initial boundary value problem by the Galerkin-Adams method reveals that the deformation eventually localizes into a narrow band aligned along the direction of the maximum shearing strain
Pushing miRNA quantification to the limits: high-throughput miRNA gene expression analysis using single-molecule detection.

Evaluation of: Neely LA, Patel S, Garver J et al.: A single-molecule method for the quantitation of microRNA gene expression. Nat. Methods 3(1), 41–46 (2006) [1]. This study extended single-molecule detection (SMD) techniques to accurately quantitate microRNA (miRNA) gene expression in human tissue. In all, the expression of 45 different miRNAs was quantified from 16 different tissues and several mature miRNAs were found to be expressed at low levels in tissues where they were undetectable previously. This SMD assay showed the capability of quantitating miRNA expression from as little as 50 ng of total RNA. Furthermore, by incorporating locked nucleic acid (LNA)–DNA oligonucleotide probes, this method was shown to be highly specific and capable of discrimination between miRNA targets that differed by as little as a single nucleotide. Future extensions of SMD miRNA assays and integration with current microfluidic and nanotechnologies may prove essential in pushing miRNA profiling to the fundamental limits ...
Expression of a Malarial Hsp70 Improves Defects in Chaperone-Dependent Activities in ssa1 Mutant Yeast

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most virulent form of malaria and encodes a large number of molecular chaperones. Because the parasite encounters radically different environments during its lifecycle, many members of this chaperone ensemble may be essential for P. falciparum survival. Therefore, Plasmodium chaperones represent novel therapeutic targets, but to establish the mechanism of action of any developed therapeutics, it is critical to ascertain the functions of these chaperones. To this end, we report the development of a yeast expression system for PfHsp70-1, a P. falciparum cytoplasmic chaperone. We found that PfHsp70-1 repairs mutant growth phenotypes in yeast strains lacking the two primary cytosolic Hsp70s, SSA1 and SSA2, and in strains harboring a temperature sensitive SSA1 allele. PfHsp70-1 also supported chaperone-dependent processes such as protein translocation and ER associated degradation, and ameliorated the toxic effects of oxidative stress. By introducing engineered forms of PfHsp70-1 into the mutant strains, we discovered that rescue requires PfHsp70-1 ATPase activity. Together, we conclude that yeast can be co-opted to rapidly uncover specific cellular activities mediated by malarial chaperones.
Schoolhouse Teacher Educators: Structuring Beginning Teachers’ Opportunities to Learn About Instruction

While few would disagree that a key component of educating teachers to teach happens on the job, research rarely explores the schoolhouse as a site for teacher education. This study thus focuses on inservice as distinct from preservice teacher education and explores how beginning teachers' learning about mathematics and literacy instruction was supported within 24 elementary schools in two midwestern school districts. A mixed methodology was used in this exploratory study, including social network and interview data analysis, to examine beginning teachers' advice- and information-seeking behaviors related to mathematics and literacy. Findings revealed that formal organizational structures inside schools were critical for shaping beginning teachers' opportunities to learn about instruction, including grade level teams and formal leadership positions.
ANALYSIS OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS IV. THE REFRACTORY STATE AND IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE

The so-called refractory state, one sequela of acute graft- versus -host disease, has been studied in adult (CB x MHA)F1 hybrid Syrian hamsters inoculated with sublethal numbers of MHA-anti-CB lymphoid cells. Intracutaneous challenge of these animals with 200 million MHA-anti-CB lymphoid cells after the acute syndrome subsided failed to evoke epidermal necrolysis, whereas a similar challenge administered to normal F1 recipients invariably resulted in lethal epidermolysis. Moreover, the gradual attrition of lymphatic tissues in these hosts and their fading capacity to display adequately immune lymphocyte transfer reactions in the skin coincided with increasing evidence of host refractoriness, suggesting a causal interrelationship. It was possible to circumvent refractoriness by challenging these animals intracutaneously with MHA-anti-CB cells if: ( a ) the hosts had been lethally irradiated and reconstituted with F1 hematopoietic cells, or ( b ) the intracutaneous inocula contained admixed F1 lymphoid cells. This evidence provides additional support for the hypothesis that in GVH disease donor lymphocytes attack primarily host lymphoid cells bearing offending homologous antigens. The GVH process can continue so long as these lymphocyte-bound antigens persist within the host, and will abate only as the aggregate host lymphatic mass is effectively destroyed (hamsters) or its antigenic determinants are masked by isoantibodies (rats, mice, man?). At this point, insufficient target tissues remain for rechallenge to incite significant recrudescence of the disease.
Comparing the Impact of a High School Exit Examination on Science Teachers' Instructional Practices

The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of a high school exit examination with different consequences attached to the results on biology teachers' instructional practices in Mississippi and Tennessee. Self-reported survey data were obtained from a representative sample of teachers who taught the same content tested on their respective state's high-stakes graduation examination. An analysis showed that both groups used a balance of student-centered (e.g., critical-thinking activities) and teacher-centered practices (e.g., lectures) on average at least 2 to 4 days per week. At least 83% of participants indicated an interest in helping their students earn test scores required for graduation and improving graduation examination scores as factors that influenced their use of specific practices and tools. This study presents a detailed picture of which practices were used and factors influencing their use by biology teachers who prepare students for state-mandated examinations with different consequences attached to results.
INFLUENCE OF ADULT DIET ON THE MATING SUCCESS AND SURVIVAL OF MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FROM TWO MASS-REARING STRAINS ON FIELD-CAGED HOST TREES

Using field-caged host trees, this study investigated the influence of adult diet on the mating success and survival of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), from two mass-rearing strains. Upon emergence, males from a genetic sexing (temperature sensitive lethal) strain and a bisexual strain were given either a sugar-protein diet (protein-fed) or a sugar-only diet (protein-deprived). Mating trials were conducted using field-caged host trees, and 100 males of a given strain and diet competed with 100 wild males for matings with 100 wild females (all wild flies were given the sugar-protein diet). There was no apparent effect of diet on male mating success for either mass-reared strain. Wild males obtained significantly more matings per replicate than males from either strain on either diet, and the mean number of matings per replicate was similar between protein-fed and protein-deprived males for both strains. In addition, the survival of protein-fed and protein-deprived males was compared over 2- and 4-day intervals on field-caged host trees. Within each mass-reared strain, there was no apparent effect of adult diet on male survival for either test interval. The present findings are compared with similar studies on other mass-reared strains.
Placement of an Intramedullary Nail for the Treatment of Proximal Ulnar Fractures

[Introduction][1] The fixation of olecranon fractures with intramedullary olecranon nails has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option that may result in decreased soft-tissue irritation. [Step 1: Positioning and Approach][2] Proper positioning of the patient during this procedure allows for improved access to the fracture and increased accessibility for fluoroscopy. [Step 2: Reduce the Fracture][3] Reduce and provisionally hold the fracture following a limited periosteal elevation. [Step 3: Ream the Olecranon and Place the Nail][4] The olecranon is then reamed, and the intramedullary nail is inserted. [Step 4: Insert the Screw][5] Place proximal interlocking screws using the targeting system. [Step 5: Close the Wound][6] Close the wound with subdermal sutures and either staples or interrupted nylon horizontal mattress sutures. [Results][7] A total of twenty-eight patients with unstable olecranon fractures were treated with intramedullary olecranon nailing in our series, and union was achieved in all patients by eight weeks. [Indications][8] [Contraindications][9] [Pitfalls & Challenges][10] [Introduction][1] The fixation of olecranon fractures with intramedullary olecranon nails has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option that may result in decreased soft-tissue irritation. [Step 1: Positioning and Approach][2] Proper positioning of the patient during this procedure allows for improved access to the fracture and increased accessibility for fluoroscopy. [Step 2: Reduce the Fracture][3] Reduce and provisionally hold the fracture following a limited periosteal elevation. [Step 3: Ream the Olecranon and Place the Nail][4] The olecranon is then reamed, and the intramedullary nail is inserted. [Step 4: Insert the Screw][5] Place proximal interlocking screws using the targeting system. [Step 5: Close the Wound][6] Close the wound with subdermal sutures and either staples or interrupted nylon horizontal mattress sutures. [Results][7] A total of twenty-eight patients with unstable olecranon fractures were treated with intramedullary olecranon nailing in our series, and union was achieved in all patients by eight weeks. [Indications][8] [Contraindications][9] [Pitfalls & Challenges][10] [1]: #sec-9 [2]: #sec-10 [3]: #sec-11 [4]: #sec-12 [5]: #sec-13 [6]: #sec-14 [7]: #sec-15 [8]: #sec-17 [9]: #sec-18 [10]: #sec-19
Transient spectroscopic characterization of the ring‐opening reaction of tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐dimethyl]indole

Tetrahydrochromeno is a structural variant of spiropyran that undergoes a reversible ring-opening to generate a colored nitrophenolate intermediate. Earlier work confirmed this intermediate through trimethylsilyl cyanide trapping under continuous irradiation. We have performed transient absorption spectroscopy to further characterize the mechanism of the ring-opening reaction. Excitation at 355 nm produced a transient species with an absorption maximum at 445 nm, which we assign to the nitrophenolate unit of the ring-opened product. The transient absorption decays after ~970 ns with small optical density changes corresponding to a 0.15 quantum yield. Exposure to oxygen did not exhibit a significant deleterious effect on the photoisomerization of the chromeno dye. Time-dependent density functional theory corroborated spectroscopic assignments of the starting chromeno and the putative ring-opened intermediate. The excited state behavior of this system parallels the structurally similar oxazine system reported by Raymo and coworkers. The one significant difference is the longer lifetime of the photochemically generated intermediate from chromeno. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reply to Wenderoth's comment

It was suggested by Wenderoth that data had been misinterpreted because of an inconsistency between two dependent variables in a study on the one-trial learning controversy initiated by Rock. The study was further explicated and it was concluded that the previous interpretation was satisfactory.
Thermal treatments to increase acoustic detectability of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored grain

Hidden infestations of stored-product insect larvae are detected most rapidly by acoustic techniques when the larvae are highly active. Larval activity is periodic, however, and it tends to decrease after the larvae are disturbed or cooled. Because of the practical need for rapid inspection of grain at commercial elevators, several heat treatments were tested as potential methods of increasing larval activity and improving the speed and reliability of acoustic detection under adverse conditions. Samples of grain infested with 4th instars of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) were exposed to different radiant and convective heat treatments after they had been conditioned at 11 degrees C, 17 degrees C, or room temperature for 12-24 h. Relative activity levels were evaluated over periods of 0-12 h based on the mean levels in a 15-min interval, 2 h after the beginning of a trial. In comparisons among treatments with precooled larvae, relative activity levels 5-10 min after brief heat pulses were 2-30 times higher than activity levels in precooled controls exposed only to ambient temperatures (25 degrees C). After 15-25 min, the relative activity levels of these heated larvae remained 2-5 times higher than those of the ambient controls. Brief movement disturbances inhibited activity for approximately 20 min at any temperature. These results suggest that, in general, larval detectability is enhanced if cool grain samples are warmed and all samples are left undisturbed for 15-20 min before inspection.
PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS OF RAT SALIVARY SECRETIONS.

SummaryUsing paper electrophoresis, satisfactory separation of protein components in salivary secretions of the rat was most conveniently obtained with parotid saliva. This secretion was readily ob...
Pest Management Awareness: a Cartoon Approach

In recent years, the scientific and popular press have been replete with articles dealing with pest management. Smith (1972) may have been correct in stating that insect pest management is an idea whose time has come, but the concept has not evolved without controversy as to its merit. Much of the furor and rhetoric regarding the value of pest management has been the product of government bureaucrats, university personnel, environmental organizations and upperechelon managers of the agri-chemical industry. The sometimes heated debates almost always center on the quantity of pesticides needed for plant or animal protection.
Assessment of the LVAD Inflow Cannula Position by Cardiac CT

Purpose: Position of the inflow cannula (IC) within the left ventricle may affect optimal function of the LVAD and contribute to the risk of complications. We evaluated the intraventricular position of the IC in Heartmate II (HM2) and Heartware (HW) LVADs. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of the most recent cardiac CT (CCT) of all continuous flow LVAD implants between 10/2006 and 9/2013 was performed. CT acquisitions were completed on a 64 or 256 slice platform using ECG gated helical technique. Measurements were performed in standard 2-chamber and short-axis views. Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon-MannWhitney tests were used to determine statistical difference between groups. Results: A total of 195 patients underwent LVAD implants (101 HM2, 94 HW). At least one CCT was performed on 63 patients. Mean LV end diastolic diameter was 63 ± 11 mm. Apical tip of the IC was more frequently in contact with anterior wall in the HM2 patients (15/24, 62%) compared to HW pumps (5/38, 13%, p< 0.001). Basal tip did not abut the anterior wall in any patient. Septal wall contact was 25% vs. 5 % (p= 0.05) and lateral wall contact was 29% vs. 25% (p= 0.7) in HM2 and HW pumps, respectively. In the total population, the IC was angulated towards the mitral annulus plane (median 33 degrees, IQR 22, 46) and formed a 77-degree horizontal angle in the short axis (IQR 57, 95, figure 1). Angle of the IC was significantly different between HM2 and HW LVADs (table 1). Conclusion: Significant variation exists among patients and between two different types of continuous-flow LVAD with regards to intraventricular position of the inflow cannula. Clinical significance of these variations remains to be determined.
Adjustment to Mean Square of Error When F<1 in Multivariate ANOVA

When F1 occurs corresponded with a particular treatment,an ordinary researcher often neglects the fact that adjustment to MSerror may make use of information contained in the original data sufficiently so as to improve the test efficiency in multivariate ANOVA.Here,two examples of randomized block design and orthogonal design are given to explain the adjustment of the mean square MSerror to become a new MS'error when F1 occurs.The practical procedure is to combine SS and ?淄 related with this treatment respectively into the original MSerror.The other factors will get a larger F and a smaller P.The changes of F and P indicate that test efficiency has been improved.
The Shortcut for Improving Students’Operating Ability in Theory Teaching and Practice Teaching of Software Engineering Course

As competition in the job market of IT industry is becoming increasingly fierce,the weakness of vocational college students majoring in computer engineering mainly displays in their operating ability when they merge into society and take part in the competition.To improve it,the paper makes beneficial attempts in theory teaching and practice teaching of Software Engineering course,and discusses the approaches of improving students' comprehensive ability from taking the college situation into consideration.
Evaluate Uncertainty in Determination of Acid Value of Edible Oil.

Objective Establish a method for evaluate uncertainty in determination of acid value of edible vegetable oil.Methods According to experimental theory and the measurement procedure for determination of acid value of edible vegetable oil,establish a mathematical model,to analyze and evaluate determination uncertainty of acid value of vegetable oil in "GB/T5009-2003 food hygiene some physical and chemical testing methods".Result When titrat,consumed potassium hydroxide standard solution volume generated uncertainty of measurement is the biggest,repeated measurement generated uncertainty of measurement is the second largest.Acid value of the relative combined standard uncertainty assessment of the results is 2.2 %.Conclusion The method has guiding significance for titration generated uncertainty evaluation.
An Object Detection Method of Football Robot Based on Color Compensation

Color properties which contain a lot of information and are geometry-invariant are widely used in object detection in football robot vision systems.But the problem is the guarantee of both the adaptiveness and fastness.In order to tackle the problem of color-deviation aroused by light intensity changing as a result of time and the appearance of shadow,an object detection algorithm based on dynamic color compensation was proposed.Firstly the history information of the objects was used to predict their locations and the searching area was limited to small scopes,thus reducing a lot of searching time.Secondly the paper adopted a method based on dynamic color compensation and performed the adaptive detection of the objects successfully in order to tackle the problem of light intensity changing with the time in the contest field.
Dexamethasone rapidly suppresses IL-33-stimulated mast cell function by blocking transcription factor activity

Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic disease and can be activated by IL-33, a proinflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-33 worsens the pathology of mast cell-mediated diseases, but therapies to antagonize IL-33 are still forthcoming. Because steroids are the mainstay of allergic disease treatment and are well known to suppress mast cell activation by other stimuli, we examined the effects of the steroid dexamethasone on IL-33-mediated mast cell function. We found that dexamethasone potently and rapidly suppressed cytokine production elicited by IL-33 from murine bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mast cells. IL-33 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell cytokine production, an activity that was also antagonized by dexamethasone. These effects were consistent in human mast cells. We additionally observed that IL-33 augmented migration of IgE-sensitized mast cells toward antigen. This enhancing effect was similarly reversed by dexamethasone. Simultaneous addition of dexamethasone with IL-33 had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases or NFκB p65 subunit; however, dexamethasone antagonized AP-1- and NFκB-mediated transcriptional activity. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone completely abrogated IL-33-mediated peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and prevented plasma IL-6 elevation. These data demonstrate that steroid therapy may be an effective means of antagonizing the effects of IL-33 on mast cells in vitro and in vivo, acting partly by suppressing IL-33-induced NFκB and AP-1 activity.
A Normative Baseline for the Srs-22 From Over 1000 Healthy Adolescents in India: Which Demographic Factors Affect Outcome?

STUDY DESIGN A prospective analysis. OBJECTIVE This study aims to 1) establish a baseline for the SRS-22 in South East Asia and 2) evaluate the influence of patient demographics on the SRS-22. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have established a baseline for the SRS-22 in the US and described the impact of patient demographics. While the SRS-22 is used internationally, limited normative data are available. METHODS After approval from the local hospital and school board, 1200 adolescents (age 10-18 years) were asked to anonymously complete the SRS-22 in English. The following demographic factors were assessed: height, weight, age, gender, household income (range $200K), and household status (single/dual parent income). Participants with a prior spine history or active medical problems were excluded. Statistical analysis was done with a Pearson correlation followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS One thousand nineteen unaffected adolescents completed the SRS-22 (mean age 14.4 ± 1.6 years). Demographics were as follows: gender (42%F, 58%M), household status (640 single/379 dual), height (157 ± 12 cm), weight (46 ± 11.2 kg), body mass index (BMI; 18.5 ± 3.6). SRS-22 score for all patients and by gender: Mean [4.0 ± 0.4, (F)4.0 ± 0.4, (M)3.9 ± 0.4, P < 0.0001], Activity [3.9 ± 0.4, (F)4.0 ± 0.5, (M)3.9 ± 0.6], Pain [4.3 ± 0.6; (F)4.4 ± 0.6, (M)4.2 ± 0.7, P < 0.001], Image [3.9 ± 0.6, (F)3.9 ± 0.6, (M)3.9 ± 0.6], and Mental [3.7 ± 0.6, (F)3.8 ± 0.6, (M)3.7 ± 0.6, P < 0.001]. Male gender was associated with worse pain (-0.15), mental health (-0.11), and overall SRS-22 score (-0.11). Age was correlated with a worse image (r = -0.17, P = < 0.000), while higher BMI was associated with less pain (0.07/0.02). CONCLUSION Younger age, female gender, and higher BMI correlated with a better SRS-22 score. Income and household status did not affect SRS-22. These findings contrast data gathered in the US but should be considered in conjunction with the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This study establishes the first normative baseline for the SRS-22 in SE Asia and analyzed the effect of demographics on the outcome score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
The Analyticity of the Coincidence Set in Variational Inequalities

These lectures are about a variational problem for minimal surfaces which describes, from an intuitive point of view, how a minimal surface leaves an obstacle. Our scope is the discovery of the geometric and analytic foundations of the problem, both antique and modern, required for its solution. First we describe the problem. Let us fix Ω ⊂ R3 strictly convex with smooth boundary
Delusional Disorder, Erotomanic Type, Exacerbated by Social Media Use

Erotomania is an uncommon form of delusional disorder in which an individual has an unfounded belief that another is in love with him. Previous case reports have shown that social media networks may play a role in worsening delusional beliefs. We report the case of a 24-year-old male college student that utilized social media to stalk a female college student, resulting in his suspension from school and hospitalization. The student was diagnosed with delusional disorder, erotomanic type, and started on risperidone. He showed little improvement and was transferred to another facility. This is the first identified case of social media triggering or exacerbating delusional disorder. We recommend increasing education on the ramifications of sharing personal information on social media.
Mathematics Beyond Arithmetic: Expanding the Domain of School Mathematics

This chapter summarizes and analyzes educational, financial, military, and political contexts associated with a sequence of events which led to the creation, in 1673, of the Royal Mathematical School (RMS) within a school, Christ’s Hospital, which had existed for more than 120 years. The creation of RMS, with its strong emphasis on mathematics and navigation education, represented a major shift in the school’s curriculum and mission. The wisdom of the decision to establish RMS as a specialist mathematics/navigation education entity with a rigorous intended mathematics curriculum is questioned—given that there was no guarantee that suitably qualified teachers, with proven experience in teaching mathematics beyond arithmetic to 12- to 16-year-olds, would be available.
Exploring Innovation Gaps in the American Space Economy

This chapter explores disparities in urban innovation, in the context of the history of city systems and advanced urban economies. The overall innovative index of metropolitan economies is estimated by first generating its score on each of the latent dimensions and then adding up those performance scores across all of the dimensions. The results produced a clear set of innovation centers, spread evenly across the United States. Not only do these findings square with contemporary theory on agglomeration economies, as explained by Mulligan et al. (Ann Reg Sci 48:405–431, 2012), they line up nicely with older, less behaviorally motivated theories of central place hierarchies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main challenges facing regional science in the research areas of innovation and urban growth.
Food Safety and Contract Edamame: The Geopolitics of the Vegetable Trade in East Asia

This paper examines how the proliferation of the new Japanese food‐safety regime has influenced the edamame industries of China and Taiwan—the two largest producers of edamame beans in the world. E...
Sucrose modulation of radiofrequency-induced heating rates and cell death.

Background Applied radiofrequency (RF) energy induces hyperthermia in tissues, facilitating vascular perfusion This study explores the impact of RF radiation on the integrity of the luminal endothelium, and then predominately explores the impact of altering the conductivity of biologically-relevant solutions on RF-induced heating rates and cell death. The ability of cells to survive high sucrose (i.e. hyperosmotic conditions) to achieve lower conductivity as a mechanism for directing hyperthermia is evaluated. Methods RF radiation was generated using a capacitively-coupled radiofrequency system operating at 13.56 MHz. Temperatures were recorded using a FLIR SC 6000 infrared camera. Results RF radiation reduced cell-to-cell connections among endothelial cells and altered cell morphology towards a more rounded appearance at temperatures reported to cause in vivo vessel deformation. Isotonic solutions containing high sucrose and low levels of NaCl displayed low conductivity and faster heating rates compared to high salt solutions. Heating rates were positively correlated with cell death. Addition of sucrose to serum similarly reduced conductivity and increased heating rates in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular proliferation was normal for cells grown in media supplemented with 125 mM sucrose for 24 hours or for cells grown in 750 mM sucrose for 10 minutes followed by a 24 h recovery period. Conclusions Sucrose is known to form weak hydrogen bonds in fluids as opposed to ions, freeing water molecules to rotate in an oscillating field of electromagnetic radiation and contributing to heat induction. The ability of cells to survive temporal exposures to hyperosmotic (i.e. elevated sucrose) conditions creates an opportunity to use sucrose or other saccharides to selectively elevate heating in specific tissues upon exposure to a radiofrequency field.
Convergence rate of Bayesian supervised tensor modeling with multiway shrinkage priors

Abstract This article studies the convergence rate of the posterior for Bayesian low rank supervised tensor modeling with multiway shrinkage priors. Multiway shrinkage priors constitute a new class of shrinkage prior distributions for tensor parameters in Bayesian low rank supervised tensor modeling to regress a scalar response on a tensor predictor with the primary aim to identify cells in the tensor predictor which are predictive of the scalar response. This novel and computationally efficient framework stems from pressing needs in many applications, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This article shows that the convergence rate is nearly optimal in terms of in-sample predictive accuracy of the Bayesian supervised low rank tensor model with a multiway shrinkage prior distribution when the number of observations grows. The conditions under which this nearly optimal convergence rate is achieved are seen to be very mild. More importantly, the rate is achieved for an easily computable method, even when the true CP/PARAFAC rank of the tensor coefficient corresponding to the tensor predictor is unknown.
The reliability of vertical jump tests between the Vertec and My Jump phone application

Background The vertical jump is used to estimate sports performance capabilities and physical fitness in children, elderly, non-athletic and injured individuals. Different jump techniques and measurement tools are available to assess vertical jump height and peak power; however, their use is limited by access to laboratory settings, excessive cost and/or time constraints thus making these tools oftentimes unsuitable for field assessment. A popular field test uses the Vertec and the Sargent vertical jump with countermovement; however, new low cost, easy to use tools are becoming available, including the My Jump iOS mobile application (app). The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the My Jump relative to values obtained by the Vertec for the Sargent stand and reach vertical jump (VJ) test. Methods One hundred and thirty-five healthy participants aged 18-39 years (94 males, 41 females) completed three maximal Sargent VJ with countermovement that were simultaneously measured using the Vertec and the My Jump. Jump heights were quantified for each jump and peak power was calculated using the Sayers equation. Four separate ICC estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were used to assess reliability. Two analyses (with jump height and calculated peak power as the dependent variables, respectively) were based on a single rater, consistency, two-way mixed-effects model, while two others (with jump height and calculated peak power as the dependent variables, respectively) were based on a single rater, absolute agreement, two-way mixed-effects model. Results Moderate to excellent reliability relative to the degree of consistency between the Vertec and My Jump values was found for jump height (ICC = 0.813; 95% CI [0.747-0.863]) and calculated peak power (ICC = 0.926; 95% CI [0.897-0.947]). However, poor to good reliability relative to absolute agreement for VJ height (ICC = 0.665; 95% CI [0.050-0.859]) and poor to excellent reliability relative to absolute agreement for peak power (ICC = 0.851; 95% CI [0.272-0.946]) between the Vertec and My Jump values were found; Vertec VJ height, and thus, Vertec calculated peak power values, were significantly higher than those calculated from My Jump values (p < 0.0001). Discussion The My Jump app may provide a reliable measure of vertical jump height and calculated peak power in multiple field and laboratory settings without the need of costly equipment such as force plates or Vertec. The reliability relative to degree of consistency between the Vertec and My Jump app was moderate to excellent. However, the reliability relative to absolute agreement between Vertec and My Jump values contained significant variation (based on CI values), thus, it is recommended that either the My Jump or the Vertec be used to assess VJ height in repeated measures within subjects' designs; these measurement tools should not be considered interchangeable within subjects or in group measurement designs.
Protecting positive claims of conscience for employees of religious institutions threatens religious liberty.

If employees of religious institutions whose consciences conflict with those of their employers were to be granted legal protection for positive claims of conscience, the religious freedom of institutions within which they work would be gravely compromised.
Sliding behavior of metallic glass: Part II. Computer simulations

t Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were used to simulate the sliding of a two-component 2D amorphous system interacting via Lennard-Jones potentials. The friction coefficient showed a transient before reaching an average steady state value. The steady state friction coefficient was observed to decrease with an increasing sliding velocity. Mixing was observed at the sliding interface. The mixed layer grew at a rate that scaled with the square root of time. A density decrease was recorded in the region adjacent to the sliding interface. This spatially corresponded to the softer layer detected experimentally near the worn surface in a Zr 41.2 Ti 13.8 Cu 12.5 Ni 10.0 Be 22.5 bulk metallic glass alloy after sliding. Subsurface displacement profiles produced in these simulations were similar to those observed in other material systems. The Navier-Stokes equation was used to analyze the material flow pattern, with results in agreement with data obtained from simulations. This suggests that the observed subsurface displacement profile may be a generic material flow pattern under combined compression and shear.
Bridging Physical and Financial Business Water Risk: Watervar and Waterbeta Metrics for Equity and Portfolio Risk Assessment

The impact of water as a constrained resource for business operations is becoming part of the investor discourse on equity water risk. A key challenge is the absence of metrics that relate physical risk to financial risk, either at the company or at the portfolio level, resulting in the lack of asset risk pricing. Our research tests the hypothesis that water risk impacts revenue and the cost of doing business and, by inference stock volatility, unless the company manages its risk appropriately. We related stock volatility metrics and water risk exposures of four electric utilities during a two-year period (2007-2008) that captured multiple drought events, commodity (coal) price fluctuations, and systemic risk in the financial markets. Using waterBeta and waterVaR metrics, the impact of water risk on stock volatility (VaR) was highly dependent on the value chain position of the firm, the capital efficiency of water, and stock elasticity. WaterVaR values range from $5M for the Southern Company to $167M for AES. The use of financial risk metrics for water can improve decisions for asset allocation to reduce water risk exposure in portfolios, including stranded assets.
Management of advanced cancers of the external nose

Advanced carcinoma of the external nose is almost always associated with prior inadequate therapy. The first principle, therefore, in managing cutaneous malignancies of the nose is to achieve adequate tumor-free removal at the initial treatment. Recurrent carcinoma of the nose may require either hemirhinectomy or total rhinectomy to achieve tumor control.
Early Devonian Woody Plants and Implications for the Early Evolution of Vascular Cambia

Abstract The two currently described small Early Devonian plants with secondary xylem, occurring several million years earlier than previously known, are reviewed. A preliminary description is presented of three as-yet-unnamed Emsian age taxa from New Brunswick and Gaspe, Canada. When morphologically preserved, these plants exhibit less than 1-cm-wide axes and tracheids with P-type secondary wall thickenings, suggesting they represent basal euphyllophytes. These occurrences renew questions about mode and pattern of vascular cambium evolution, including in how many lineages and how many times within a given lineage has a vascular cambium arisen, what new parameters of variation might exist, why do some (particularly unifacial) vascular cambia become determinate fairly quickly, and what relationship, if any, exists between the two cambial types? The presence/absence of secondary growth in regard to early plant architecture/growth patterns is discussed. More needs to be learned about these aspects, especially in Early-Middle Devonian euphyllophytes.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Temporal Bone: An Evidence-Based Approach.

Objectives:To perform a systematic review evaluating etiologies, associated complications, and management of osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone (ORNTB).Methods:The authors searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature. Patient demographics, etiologies, trea
Evolving Controllers for a Transformable Wheel Mobile Robot

Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are well suited to tasks that are either too dangerous or too monotonous for people. For example, UGVs can traverse arduous terrain in search of disaster victims. However, it is difficult to design these systems so that they perform well in a variety of different environments. In this study, we evolve controllers and physical characteristics of a UGV with transformable wheels to improve its mobility in a simulated environment. The UGV’s mission is to visit a sequence of coordinates while automatically handling obstacles of varying sizes by extending wheel struts radially outward from the center of each wheel. Evolved finite state machines (FSMs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are compared, and a set of controller design principles are gathered from analyzing these experiments. Results show similar performance between FSM and ANN controllers but differing strategies. Finally, we show that a UGV’s controller and physical characteristics can be effectively chosen by examining results from evolutionary optimization.
Decoupling H2(g) and O2(g) Production in Water Splitting by a Solar-Driven V3+/2+(aq,H2SO4)|KOH(aq) Cell

A solar-driven V3+/2+(aq,H2SO4)|KOH(aq) cell, consisting of a carbon-cloth cathode in 2.0 M H2SO4(aq) with 0.36 M V2(SO4)3 (pH −0.16), a Ni mesh anode in 2.5 M KOH(aq) (pH 14.21) for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER), and a bipolar membrane that sustained the pH differentials between the catholyte and anolyte, enabled water splitting with spatial and temporal decoupling of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from the OER and produced H2(g) locally under pressure upon demand. Over a range of potentials and charging depths, V3+ was selectively reduced with >99.8% faradic efficiency. The V2+ species produced in the catholyte was then passed subsequently on demand over a MoCx-based HER catalyst to produce H2(g) and regenerate V3+ for subsequent reduction. Under a base hydrogen pressure of 1, 10, and 100 atm, the discharge efficiency of the V3+ to hydrogen was 83%, 65.2%, and 59.8%, respectively. In conjunction with a solar tracker and a photovoltaic device, the V3+/2+(aq,H2SO4)|KOH(aq) cell was charged ou...
Future Perspectives in Somatic Cell Genetics

Somatic cell genetic techniques have proven valuable in determining the arrangement of genes on chromosomes and in studying the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Studies with somatic cells taken from patients with inherited diseases have revealed the biochemical bases for many human disorders, and have provided potential strategies for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The generation of mutants or variants of somatic cells in culture can facilitate the analysis of complex physiologic systems via complementation analysis.