cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust Training of a link adaptation cognitive engine

In this paper, we provide a new perspective and insight into the process of finding the maximal performing method using a Cognitive Engine (CE) for link adaptation. It is found that near maximal performance can be reached relatively fast, even when a small number of the available communication methods provide adequate performance. The parameters that affect the expected number of trials are fully discussed along with analytical and simulation results. Finally, we provide the novel Robust Training Algorithm (RoTA), which given at least one method that exceeds the minimum performing requirements, adaptively maintains a communication link with the minimum required performance. The RoTA allows the CE to both continue learning and maintain a stable link for mission-critical applications1.
What Can Genetic Studies of Left Ventricular Mass Tell Us

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), whether measured by electrocardiography, echocardiography, or at autopsy, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 Although LVH has been associated with several clinical characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, and hypertension, the effects and their directionality have varied according to the criteria for LVH.3 Aggregation within families suggests a heritable component due to genetics,4 although a recent study of echocardiographic left ventricular mass in a large sample was unable to identify common genetic factors.5 Treatment of hypertensives with LVH can lead to its regression and with it reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease.6 Thus, it appears to be a modifiable risk factor, although LVH induced by exercise training is thought to be benign. Thus, LVH is a complex trait with diverse definitions, has multiple clinical and genetic contributors and is a modifiable risk factor in some but not all settings. Article see p 626 It is not surprising therefore that the (patho-) physiological mechanisms that underlie LVH remain incompletely characterized. Human genetics offers one opportunity to expose mechanisms not previously recognized to play a role in the development of LVH. Shah et al report in this issue of Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics a genetic screen to identify common genetic variants related to electrocardiographic correlates of left ventricular mass (ECG LVM): 2 reflecting simple voltage measures—Sokolow-Lyon voltage and 12-lead QRS voltage sum—and 2 incorporating QRS duration—Cornell product and QRS voltage product.7 The investigators genotyped gene-focused single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found on the ITMAT-Broad-CARE (IBC) array, marketed by Illumina as the HumanCVD BeadChip 50K array, with ≈35 000 SNPs passing quality control. The array includes SNPs at 2100 candidate genes selected for being implicated in processes thought to be involved in cardiovascular disease as well as some …
Simulation of multicomponent thin film deposition and growth

Results from a multicomponent Monte Carlo simulation of the deposition and growth of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}0{sub 7} are presented and discussed. In particular, a detailed examination of the growth modes active during different morphological growth conditions is performed. At higher deposition rates, both (001) and (100) epitaxial variants (`c` and `a` type growth, respectively) are observed to grow by modes attributed to the classic Volmer-Weber mechanism. At very low deposition rates, the film is observed to grow in a distinct, cyclic, multi-stage process. Small islands of (0011) epitaxy nucleate and grow to one unit cell height followed by primarily horizontal growth or ``ledge extension`` until one unit cell layer has formed. This process then repeats. Simulated RHEED amplitude data from this growth process compares favorably to experimentally obtained data.
On the Origins of the Weak Folding Cooperativity of a Designed ββα Ultrafast Protein FSD-1

FSD-1, a designed small ultrafast folder with a bba fold, has been actively studied in the last few years as a model system for studying protein folding mechanisms and for testing of the accuracy of computational models. The suitability of this protein to describe the folding of naturally occurring a/b proteins has recently been challenged based on the observation that the melting transition is very broad, with ill-resolved baselines. Using molecular dynamics simulations with the AMBER protein force field (ff96) coupled with the implicit solvent model (IGB = 5), we shed new light into the nature of this transition and resolve the experimental controversies. We show that the melting transition corresponds to the melting of the protein as a whole, and not solely to the helix-coil transition. The breadth of the folding transition arises from the spread in the melting temperatures (from ,325 K to ,302 K) of the individual transitions: formation of the hydrophobic core, b-hairpin and tertiary fold, with the helix formed earlier. Our simulations initiated from an extended chain accurately predict the native structure, provide a reasonable estimate of the transition barrier height, and explicitly demonstrate the existence of multiple pathways and multiple transition states for folding. Our exhaustive sampling enables us to assess the quality of the Amber ff96/igb5 combination and reveals that while this force field can predict the correct native fold, it nonetheless overstabilizes the a-helix portion of the protein (Tm = ,387K) as well as the denatured structures.
Surface Wind Variability on Spatial Scales from 1 to 1000 km Observed during TOGA COARE

Abstract Near-surface wind spectra are considered from three very different data sources, covering a range of spatial scales from 100 to 103 km. The data were observed during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment intensive observation period spanning November 1992 to February 1993. Spectra are examined from low-resolution yet spatially and temporally complete National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis wind fields, moderate resolution satellite-based ERS-1 scatterometer winds, and high-resolution aircraft observations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Electra. Combined spectra (kinetic energy vs wavenumber k) from these data demonstrate a power–law relation over the entire range in spatial scales, with a best-fit slope very near k−5/3. Energy spectra for subsets of the data support spectral slopes of k−5/3 and k−2, but there is little evidence for a slope of k−3.
Adjacency matrices of zero-divisor graphs of integers modulo n

We study adjacency matrices of zero-divisor graphs of ℤn for various n. We find their determinant and rank for all n, develop a method for finding nonzero eigenvalues, and use it to find all eigenvalues for the case n = p3, where p is a prime number. We also find upper and lower bounds for the largest eigenvalue for all n.
Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for V2G Networks in the Smart Grid

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is one of the future key technologies for the smart grid. Electric vehicles (EV) are potential power consumers that can play a crucial role by delivering the power back to the grid in order to meet the power demand. However, the V2G network has some crucial security and privacy challenges. Also the existing solutions generate a huge overhead cost and do not provide resistance against well known security attacks. In order to address the identified security and privacy challenges in the V2G smart grid network. We propose a scheme based on bilinear pairing technique with an accumulator that provides mutual authentication, and privacy preservation of EV's information such as identity, battery status, location, and charging/discharging selection and time duration. The proposed scheme defeats various security attacks, including man-in-the-middle attack, replay attack, impersonation attack, redirection attack, and repudiation attack while generating lower communication and computation overhead than existing privacy-preserving V 2G mutual authentication schemes.
Overvaluation of shape and weight in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: does shape concern or weight concern matter more for treatment outcome?

Funding for this work was supported by: T32 MH082761, T32 HS000078, R01-MH-070621, and R01-MH-070620. Publication of this article was funded in part by the George Mason University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.
Is There Truly "No Significant Difference"? Underpowered Randomized Controlled Trials in the Orthopaedic Literature.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard in evidence-based medicine. Underpowered RCTs that describe comparative outcomes without significance are of questionable benefit. The present study hypothesizes that a substantial proportion of RCTs in the orthopaedic literature that do not note significant differences between groups are inadequately powered. Methods: Using the ISI Web of Science database, we searched all English-language journals in the orthopaedic category for RCTs published from January 2012 to December 2013. Qualifying articles were analyzed with regard to whether the null hypothesis was rejected (a positive study) for the primary outcome or if it was not (a negative study), whether a power analysis was performed, and whether the study was adequately powered. We performed a power analysis based on the primary outcome or outcomes of interest for the studies that did not describe a power analysis. Results: After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 456 RCTs were selected for complete review. Of those studies, 215 (47.1%) had negative findings and 241 (52.9%) had positive findings for primary outcomes. Twenty-five studies that failed to reject the null hypothesis noted inadequate power in the study. On the basis of our own power analyses, we found an additional thirty-five negative studies without power calculations to be underpowered. Sixty (27.9%) of the 215 negative studies were underpowered. Following binary logistic regression, only the journal impact factor was a significant predictor of whether a study was underpowered. Conclusions: If an RCT lacks adequate statistical power to identify a clinically meaningful absence of a difference between groups, there is an unacceptable risk of inappropriately failing to reject the null hypothesis. The present study found that a sizable proportion of RCTs in orthopaedic surgery in which the null hypothesis is rejected are inadequately powered. Researchers should consider this when designing clinical trials, and journal editors and reviewers should be wary of underpowered RCTs when considering manuscripts for publication.
Evolution and Morphogenesis: The Regulator Hypothesis

The quotation from a lucid and prescient paper by Ledyard Stebbins (1968) sets my theme: I am concerned here with confronting the problem of relating developmental genetics to evolution at the level of what he calls epigenetic sequences during development. These are programmed sequences occuring during ontogeny in which the action of a gene follows precisely upon that of an otherwise unrelated gene in temporal sequences that are prolonged. These sequences are precisely those confronted by the developmental biologist when he attempts to understand morphology—pattern formation in histogenesis and form. The fact that these sequences concern gene expression entails a molecular approach to this most fundamental problem of developmental biology. At the same time, interpretation of this approach must be consistent with the evolution of both animal macroscopic form and of microscopic complexity. The issue may be focused succinctly in two complementary questions: (1) How can a one dimensional genetic code specify a three dimensional organism? (I shall call this the developmental genetic question) (2) How can the mechanism proposed to answer this question be reconciled with the large changes in form that can occur in relatively short evolutionary times? (The evolutionary question)
Modulus of Natural Rubber Cross-Linked by Dicumyl Peroxide II. Comparison With Theory.

Thermodynamics and molecular considerations are applied to an examination of the equation G = S(fp + B)T + H(fp + B) + A = 5.925 × 10-3(fp - 0.45)T + 0.0684(fp - 0.45) + 2.70, found experimentally in Part I. G is the shear modulus in Mdyn cm-2 at a temperature T for natural rubber cross-linked by adding p parts of dicumyl peroxide per hundred of rubber (phr) and heating until a fraction f of the peroxide is decomposed. G*, the energy component of the modulus, is H(fp + B) + A. The ratio G*/G decreases from 1.00 at the gel point (fp = 0.45 phr) to 0.5 near 2 phr and to 0.09 at 23.8 phr. The modulus G is related to νe , the number of moles of effective sub-chains per cm3, by the equation G - G* = veRT where R is the gas constant. If each molecule of decomposed dicumyl peroxide of molecular weight Md produces one cross-link in the rubber of specific volume υ¯r , then it is predicted that S=2R(100Mdυ¯r)-1=5.5535×10-3 Mdyn cm-2 phr-1 K-1, as compared with the experimental value 5.925 × 10-3. Theory gives no prediction of the values of A, or of H. The gel point may be located experimentally as the point where the slope of the modulus-temperature relation is zero. The value of G at the gel point is the energy component G*. The experimental value of fp at the gel point permits a calculation of the molecular weight of the rubber before cross-linking as 193,000. The results afford a very satisfactory confirmation of the essential validity of the statistical theory of rubber elasticity in its simplest form, if due regard is paid to G*, the energy component of the modulus.
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN AGARICUS BISPORUS

Aerial hyphae of Agaricus bisporus grown in agar culture, or on natural substrates like rye grain, produce abundant calcium oxalate crystals associated with the hyphal wall. These deposits, when first formed, consist of acicular crystals that cover the surface of the hyphae, giving the elements of the aerial mycelium a bottle-brush appearance. SEM examination of the crystal-bearing hyphae reveals that the crystals are arranged more or less tangentially on the hyphal surface. The crystals appear to originate within the wall of the hyphae, and as they increase in length their distal ends protrude through the hyphal wall. While the crystalline deposits of hyphae grown on malt-extract agar or on rye grain are typically elongate crystals, calcium oxalate deposits of hyphae grown on enriched media consist of both elongate forms and large, plate-like crystals. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs, energydispersive x-ray elemental analysis, and x-ray powder diffraction analysis of these crystals are presented.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 9-2016. A 29-Year-Old Man with Dyspnea and Chest Pain.

A 29-year-old man presented with severe dyspnea and chest pain on the right side. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a filling defect in the main and right pulmonary arteries that was consistent with pulmonary embolism. Diagnostic procedures were performed.
Trust Me. Trust Me Not.

In the physical world, our day-to-day lives are arguably governed more by trust than security. As technology continues to become more engrained in our physical lives, is it possible that trust gives way to security? What's the future of trust?
Pessimism moderates negative emotional responses to naturally occurring stress

Abstract Repeated experiences with stress and negative emotion (NE) can decrease psychological and physical well-being. Ruminating on stressful events can further prolong NE responses, especially for those who are pessimistic. For three days participants (N = 68) reported hourly on their current stress, rumination, perceived control, and NE. Tests of mediation conducted using multilevel modeling suggested that rumination mediated same-time reports of stress on NE, and predicted perpetuation of NE over time. Tests of moderated mediation indicated that the pathways from previous stress to rumination, and from rumination to current NE were moderated by pessimism, but not optimism. Perception of control also accounted for some of the variability between concurrent stress and NE, though these associations were not affected by pessimism.
Imaging of patients with stage D prostatic carcinoma.

SUMMARY In conclusion, it would appear from present evidence that several statements can be made. First, MRI is the most accurate method of staging the periprostatic spread of carcinoma. Both the prostate and the regional nodes can be evaluated. The role of ultrasound is, at present, unclear. Second, the utility of CT has diminished with the emergence of high-quality MRI, but in situations in which MRI scans are inconclusive (e.g., in the assessment of paraaortic node disease, in which images are degraded by peristaltic movement), CT may be useful. Third, the choice of method for the assessment of nodal disease is a more difficult question. Although MRI and CT have replaced lymphography in most centers, the latter study, especially when combined with fine-needle aspiration biopsy, still is useful. Fourth, bone metastases are best assessed with scintigraphy, which can point to areas requiring supplemental plain radiography. An MRI study of the spine, although highly sensitive, is not practical. Fifth, MRI is superior to CT myelography in assessing spinal disease. Finally, the chest radiograph is the mainstay of assessing chest involvement.
Treatment of Renal Transplant Ureteral Complications by Percutaneous Techniques

AbstractFrom January 1985 to October 1990, 487 adult renal transplantations were performed at our institution. Of 16 ureteral complications noted 15 were initially managed with percutaneous nephrostomy. Of the 8 complications that occurred during the last 2 years 5 resolved on percutaneous nephrostomy and stenting, or stenting with dilation alone. We conclude that percutaneous nephrostomy is indicated as an initial step in the diagnosis and treatment of urological transplant complications, and that it allows for nonoperative resolution of many of these complications.
Speech and Sound Therapies

Pavarotti singing “Nessun Dorma” from Puccini’s Turandot can reduce people to tears, but can sounds both cure and kill? Can hearing problems be behind depression, dyslexia, and autism? Is there a “brown note” that can cause people to lose control of their bowels? This chapter looks at sounds that are believed to make us smarter, sounds that are soothing, and sounds that are used to inflict suffering.
Subsistence as Resistance

Initially published as a series of seven pamphlets for the rural poor in 1821, William Cobbett’s Cottage Economy aimed to conserve and promote knowledge of basic farming and subsistence practices, such as brewing beer, baking bread, keeping livestock, and kitchen gardening. G.K. Chesterton admired the book, writing, “A cookery book can scarcely be the basis of controversy, though it may be of combat; and the proof of the pudding is in the eating. This is merely the commissariat of his revolutionary army; and, like a good general, he paid a great deal of attention to it.”1 As Chesterton suggests, at first glance, Cottage Economy appears to be little more than a book of cookery, yet its genre is difficult to define: it combines cooking, gardening, and animal husbandry instructions with personal anecdotes and overt political commentary. Directed to a restless and discontent laboring class, Cottage Economy advocates for developing a subsistence economy that might provide independence from the vicissitudes and exploitation of the wage-labor economy. Extending Chesterton’s military metaphor for Cottage Economy, I argue Cobbett encourages using plowshare — the independent production of food — as a political maneuver that is, potentially, no less powerful than arming the poor.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulative platform for wind turbine based on real-time simulation

As wind power becomes a high penetration in power system, wind turbine integration performance plays a significant role in power grid operation. Wind turbine controller strategy and its coordination with pitch system, generator, convertor, etc., are key of wind turbine performance. This paper presents the work of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) wind turbine simulative platform which is dedicated for wind turbine control strategy testing at the present stage, and provides a software framework for further expansion such as the integration of generator and convertor at full power in real-time simulations. The HIL platform consist of software part and hardware part. The software part provides real-time simulation environment and wind turbine model simulation, while hardware is the real component, which is the PLC controller specific in this HIL platform, and these two parts are connected via hardwired communication methods, including Modbus, Canopen, RS485, etc‥ A 3MW wind turbine main controller is tested on the HIL simulative platform to validate the platform, and test result is analyzed which could provide a suggestion of improvements to wind turbine main controller.
New Records of Diastata repleta (Walker) (Diptera: Ephydroidea: Diastatidae) from Wisconsin

ABSTRACT: In Wisconsin, Diastata repleta (Walker) was previously known in the literature from but a single, unspecified Wisconsin state record. We confirm additional collection event evidence for the only previous literature reference of 103 years ago, and add new collection data for three specimens recovered while sweeping marshy vegetation at the Hemlock Draw Nature Conservancy Preserve in Sauk County. The specimens were taken between 18 and 24 April, 2006.
HoxA10 Represses Transcription of Multiple Genes Encoding Respiratory Burst Oxidase Proteins in Undifferentiated Myeloid Cells.

HoxA10 is a homeodomain (HD) transcription factor which is maximally expressed in committed myeloid progenitors and is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Consistent with this, forced overexpression of HoxA10 in murine bone marrow leads to AML. Our studies identify a mechanism by which HoxA10-overexpression blocks differentiation, contributing to leukemogenesis. Previously, we found that HoxA10 represses transcription of the CYBB gene. This gene encodes the gp91phox component of the phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase and is actively transcribed in myeloid cells differentiated beyond the promyelocyte stage. CYBB transcription continues until cell death and is further increased in mature phagocytes by inflammatory mediators such as IFNg and LPS. In undifferentiated myeloid cells, HoxA10 represses CYBB transcription via a proximal promoter cis element with homology to the consensus sequence for HoxA10 DNA-binding as a heterodimer with Pbx1 (also a HD protein). However, we found that HoxA10 repression of CYBB transcription is Pbx1-independent and HDAC2-dependant. During cytokine induced differentiation, phosphorylation of two HoxA10 HD tyrosine residues decreases DNA-binding affinity and transcriptional repression. In the current studies, we investigate the impact of HoxA10 on transcription of the NCF2 gene. This gene, which encodes the p67phox phagocyte oxidase component, is transcribed concurrently with the CYBB gene during myelopoiesis and the inflammatory response. The NCF2 promoter also includes a sequence homologous to the HoxA10/Pbx1 DNA-binding consensus. In the current studies, we determine that HoxA10 functionally represses NCF2 transcription in undifferentiated myeloid cells in a Pbx1-independent, HDAC2-dependant manner. Additionally, we determine that NCF2 -transcriptional repression by HoxA10 is abolished by phosphorylation of HD tyrosine residues in response to differentiating cytokines. In these studies, we also investigate the impact of IFNg-treatment of monocytes on HoxA10 phosphorylation and gp91phox and p67phox expression. We find that treatment of monocytes with this inflammatory mediator results in hyper tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA10, which is necessary for IFNg-induced gp91phox and p67phox expression in these cells. These experiments suggest that HoxA10 contributes to differentiation block in AML by repressing transcription of genes that confer the mature myeloid phenotype. HoxA10 tyrosine phosphorylation abrogates transcriptional repression and may provide a molecular target for differentiation induction in AML. Additionally, HoxA10 hyper phosphorylation during the inflammatory response further increases oxidase gene expression. This represents the first demonstration that functions of HoxA10 contribute to gene regulation in mature phagocytes, contributing to the system of host defense.
In vitro effects of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) pasture on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, and methane production

ABSTRACT Birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) is a legume containing condensed tannin that does not cause bloat in cattle when freshly grazed. Two of the most outstanding effects associated with condensed tannin include the potential to decrease ruminal protein degradation through binding protein and to reduce ruminal methane (CH4) production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding BFT-based diets without or with concentrate supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation with a focus on CH4 production in continuous cultures. The current study evaluated the effects of feeding 2 types of forages (orchardgrass vs. BFT) combined with 3 supplements (no supplement, ground barley, and specifically designed mixed ration) on the in vitro rumen microbial ecosystem in a 2 × 3 factorial design with 3 independent runs of continuous cultures. Concentration of ammonia-N decreased when cultures were offered BFT-based diets compared with orchardgrass-based diets (P
Influence of dimethyl sulfide on the carbon cycle and biological production

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a significant source of marine sulfate aerosol and plays an important role in modifying cloud properties. Fully coupled climate simulations using dynamic marine ecosystem and DMS calculations are conducted to estimate DMS fluxes under various climate scenarios and to examine the sign and strength of phytoplankton-DMS-climate feedbacks for the first time. Simulation results show small differences in the DMS production and emissions between pre-industrial and present climate scenarios, except for some areas in the Southern Ocean. There are clear changes in surface ocean DMS concentrations moving into the future, and they are attributable to changes in phytoplankton production and competition driven by complex spatially varying mechanisms. Comparisons between parallel simulations with and without DMS fluxes into the atmosphere show significant differences in marine ecosystems and physical fields. Without DMS, the missing subsequent aerosol indirect effects on clouds and radiative forcing lead to fewer clouds, more solar radiation, and a much warmer climate. Phaeocystis, a uniquely efficient organosulfur producer with a growth advantage under cooler climate states, can benefit from producing the compound through cooling effects of DMS in the climate system. Our results show a tight coupling between the sulfur and carbon cycles. The ocean carbon uptake declines without DMS emissions to the atmosphere. The analysis indicates a weak positive phytoplankton-DMS-climate feedback at the global scale, with large spatial variations driven by individual autotrophic functional groups and complex mechanisms. The sign and strength of the feedback vary with climate states and phytoplankton groups. This highlights the importance of a dynamic marine ecosystem module and the sulfur cycle mechanism in climate projections.
Scaling of ultrasound-powered receivers for sub-millimeter wireless implants

We investigate scaling of ultrasound-powered wireless receivers for efficient, miniaturized implantable medical devices. Single crystalline piezoelectric material, PMN-PT, is chosen in this study as it has low resonance frequency with scaled dimensions. For accurate modeling of sub-mm-sized receivers, we perform simulations using the finite element method, followed by validation with measurements. Results are presented for scaling of the resonance frequency, resistance at resonance, and aperture efficiency of PMN-PT receivers with thickness of 0.5 mm and widths ranging from 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm. Since optimizing the overall harvesting efficiency of an implant requires not only an efficient receiver but also an efficient interface to the power electronics, we analyze impedance matching efficiency between the receivers and the power electronics using optogenetic stimulation as an example application. Finally, we show the measurement of prototype implants with scaled receivers and discuss the trade-off between size and power harvesting efficiency of sub-mm wireless implants.
Phenomenological Study of Confined Criticality: Insights from the Capillary Condensation of Propane, n-Butane, and n-Pentane in Nanopores.

We use the comparison of experimentally measured isotherms for propane, n-butane, and n-pentane in 2.90, 4.19, and 8.08 nm MCM-41 to show that the current model for the progression of capillary condensation may not hold true for chain molecules, such as normal alkanes. Until now, the capillary condensation of gases in unconnected, uniformly sized and shaped nanopores has been shown to progress in two distinct stages before ending in supercriticality of the confined fluid. First, at relatively low temperatures in isothermal measurements, the phase change is accompanied by hysteresis of adsorption and desorption. Second, as temperature increases, the hysteresis critical temperature is surpassed, and the phase change occurs reversibly. Although propane followed this progression, we observed a new progression for n-butane and n-pentane, in which hysteresis continues into the supercritical region of the confined fluid. We attribute this behavior to the molecular chain lengths of the adsorbates. Through further...
What is in a Web View: An Analysis of Progressive Web App Features When the Means of Web Access is not a Web Browser

Progressive Web Apps (PWA) are a new class of Web applications, enabled for the most part by the Service Workers APIs. Service Workers allow apps to work offline by intercepting network requests to deliver programmatic or cached responses, Service Workers can receive push notifications and synchronize data in the background even when the app is not running, andtogether with Web App Manifestsallow users to install PWAs to their devices' home screens. Service Workers being a Web standard, support has landed in several stand-alone Android Web browsersamong them (but not limited to) Chrome and its open-source foundation Chromium, Firefox, Edge, Opera, UC Browser, Samsung Internet, andeagerly awaitediOS Safari. In this paper, we examine the PWA feature support situation in Web Views, that is, in-app Web experiences that are explicitly not stand-alone browsers. Such in-app browsers can commonly be encountered in chat applications like WeChat or WhatsApp, online social networks like Facebook or Twitter, but also email clients like Gmail, or simply anywhere where Web content is displayed inside native apps. We have developed an open-source application called PWA Feature Detector that allows for easily testing in-app browsers (and naturally stand-alone browsers), and have evaluated the level of support for PWA features on different devices and Web Views. On the one hand, our results show that there are big differences between the various Web View technologies and the browser engines they are based upon, but on the other hand, that for Android the results are independent from the devices' operating systems, which is good news given the problematic update policy of many device manufacturers. These findings help developers make educated choices when it comes to determining whether a PWA is the right approach given their target users' means of Web access.
Anomalous Behavior of Cerium and Europium Ions in Ternary Molybdenum Chalcogenides (Chevrel Phases)

A large class of ternary Mo chalcogenides can be formed with the general formula MxMo6X8 where M is a metal, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4, and X = S, Se or Te (1). These compounds have a relatively complex crystal structure with rhombohedral symmetry and a rhombohedral angle that is close to 90° (2). The crystal structure of the ternary Mo chalcogenides (Chevrel phases) is shown in Fig. 1 for a compound with the formula REMo6S8 (RE = rare earth).
Acceptance of Foreigners: Ethnic and Gender Differences Among Americans

This study examined American students' (N = 207) attitudes and behavior towards students of various nationalities. The findings suggest that, while these students rated Africans lower than Westerners, and Asians no differently than the other two groups, there were ethnic and gender differences among the Americans. Female students rated Westerners as being better liked than Africans, and minority students rated Westerners both as better liked and better adjusted than Africans. Males and Whites rated the three groups equally. Overall ratings by women were more favorable than those by men. In terms of volunteering hospitality, these students were as generous to the Asian and the African foreigners as to the Westerners, but in general, a greater proportion of ethnic minority students was willing to be hospitable.
Program Management Of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation

This article highlights the essential components of program management of cardiac rehabilitation, focusing on the current practices and expected practices of the immediate future. The organizational and program structures are described. Members of the interdisciplinary team are identified and the knowledge, technical skills, and experience they need to provide quality patient care are reviewed. The educational aspects of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, the importance of using a behavior change model, the appropriate program content, and resources of information are discussed. The components of quality management and continuous quality improvement and the benefits and costs of these programs are addressed also.
The Body and Blood of Medical School: One Student's Perspective on Jesuit Education.

A graduate medical student gives her perspective on receiving a Jesuit medical education. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Export of Photosynthates from the Leaf

Mature leaves export approximately 80% of the carbon they fix by photosynthesis. Although most attention has been devoted to studying export of recently synthesized sugar, this is only one source of nutrients that enter the export stream. The mesophyll also supplies amino acids and other chemical species; ions and compounds are rerouted from the xylem, and companion cells have the capacity to reconfigure metabolites as they pass along the sieve tubes. The extent to which each of these channels contributes to the complexity of sieve tube content is not easy to estimate, an analytical problem made especially acute by the difficulty in obtaining authentic phloem sap.
AORTIC VALVE CALCIUM SCORE: A STRONG PREDICTOR OF SEVERITY OF AORTIC STENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH LOW FLOW, LOW GRADIENT REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION POPULATION

Aortic valve calcium score has been shown to correlate with severity of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with normal flow and normal ejection fraction. However, its predictive power in patients with low, flow low gradient (LF-LG) AS with reduced ejection fraction is unclear. These patients currently
Chinese Ethnicity and the Overseas Chinese

This article is an introduction to the entire issue. The seven papers which follow are brought together within the categories of psychocultural orientation, kin-oriented social organization, segmen...
A Review of Asynchronous Trainings for the Implementation of Behavior Analytic Assessments and Interventions

As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder continues to rise, there is a growing demand for well-trained service providers to provide behavior analytic interventions. With this increased service need comes the necessity to develop new and efficient training methods as an alternative to traditional face-to-face training. This paper provides a review of research focusing on the use of asynchronous training methods to train service providers to implement interventions and strategies based on the principles of behavior analysis with individuals with developmental disabilities. Twenty-two studies were included and divided into five asynchronous training modalities: self-instructional manuals, self-instructional manual packages, video modeling, video modeling with voiceover instructions, and computer-based instructions. Clinical implications and future directions for research are proposed.
Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines in the Diabetic Heart

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent cause of cardiomyopathy. It increases the risk of heart failure and mortality, which is not alleviated by intensive glycemic control in clinical trials. Since diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM) can not be cured and glycemic control has limited effects on it, novel therapeutic strategies for DMCM are warranted. One of the hallmarks of the DM heart is increased inflammation that contributes to pyroptosis, an inflamamtory cell death mechanism. Pyroptosis results in release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 inflamamtory cytokines that further increase inflamamtion. Thus, a vicious cycle of inflammation-induced inflammatory cell death continues leading to DMCM. Inflammation also promotes adverse cardiac remodeling leading to DMCM. Thus, the regulation of DM-induced inflammatory cytokines is important. This chapter focuses on the key regulators of inflammatory cytokines in the DM heart and their potential roles as atherapeutic target for DMCM.
Depressive symptoms and cannabis use in a placebo-controlled trial of N-Acetylcysteine for adult cannabis use disorder

Depression is common among individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD), particularly individuals who present to CUD treatment. Treatments that consider this comorbidity are essential. The goal of this secondary analysis was to examine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced depressive symptoms among adults (age 18–50) with CUD (N = 302) and whether the effect of NAC on cannabis cessation varied as a result of baseline levels of depression. Bidirectional associations between cannabis use amount and depression were also examined. Data for this secondary analysis were from a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (NIDA CTN) multi-site clinical trial for CUD. Adults with CUD (N = 302) were randomized to receive 2400 mg of NAC daily or matched placebo for 12 weeks. All participants received abstinence-based contingency management. Cannabis quantity was measured by self-report, and weekly urinary cannabinoid levels (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) confirmed abstinence. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Depressive symptoms did not differ between the NAC and placebo groups during treatment. There was no significant interaction between treatment and baseline depression predicting cannabis abstinence during treatment. Higher baseline depression was associated with decreased abstinence throughout treatment and a significant gender interaction suggested that this may be particularly true for females. Cross-lagged panel models suggested that depressive symptoms preceded increased cannabis use amounts (in grams) during the subsequent month. The reverse pathway was not significant (i.e., greater cannabis use preceding depressive symptoms). Results from this study suggest that depression may be a risk factor for poor CUD treatment outcome and therefore should be addressed in the context of treatment. However, results do not support the use of NAC to concurrently treat co-occurring depressive symptoms and CUD in adults. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01675661
Abstract A25: Chromatin structure regulates cancer-specific alternative splicing events in primary HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) represents a unique disease entity within head and neck cancer with rising incidence. Previous work has shown that alternative splicing events (ASEs) are prevalent in HPV+ OPSCC, but further validation is needed to understand the regulation of this process and its role in these tumors. In this study, eleven ASEs (GIT2, CTNNB1, MKNK2, MRPL33, SIPA1L3, SNHG6, SYCP2, TPRG1, ZHX2, ZNF331, and ELOVL1) were selected for validation from 109 previously published candidate ASEs to elucidate the post-transcriptional mechanisms of oncogenesis in HPV+ disease. In vitro qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression of 9 of 11 ASE candidates, and in silico analysis within the TCGA cohort confirmed 8 of 11 candidates. Six ASEs (MRPL33, SIPA1L3, SNHG6, TPRG1, ZHX2, and ELOVL1) showed significant differential expression across both methods. Further evaluation of chromatin structure revealed that ASEs strongly correlated with the cancer-specific distribution of acetylated lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27ac). Subsequent epigenetic treatment of HPV+ HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC-047 and UPCI-SCC-090) with JQ1 not only induced downregulation of cancer-specific ASE isoforms but also growth inhibition in both cell lines. The UPCI-SCC-090 cell line, with greater ASE expression, also showed more significant growth inhibition after JQ1 treatment. This study confirms several novel cancer-specific ASEs in HPV+OPSCC and provides evidence for the role of chromatin structure in regulation of alternative splicing in HPV+OPSCC. Our findings highlight the role of epigenetic changes in the oncogenesis of HPV+OPSCC, which represents a unique, unexplored target for biomarkers, neoantigens, and therapeutics. Citation Format: Theresa Guo, Kristina D. A. Zambo, Fernando T. Zamuner, Tingting Ou, Christopher Hopkins, Dylan Z. Kelley, Hildegard A. Wulf, Ludmila V. Danilova, Michael Considine, David Sidransky, Alexander V. Favorov, Liliana Florea, Elana J. Fertig, Daria A. Gaykalova. Chromatin structure regulates cancer-specific alternative splicing events in primary HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr A25.
Twenty-Five-Year Cross-sequential Analysis of Self-reported Problems: Findings From 5 Cohorts From the Spinal Cord Injury Longitudinal Aging Study.

Abstract Objective To evaluate how self-reported problems change over time among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Cross-sequential analysis. Setting Medical university in the Southeastern United States. Participants Participants included 1997 individuals with traumatic SCI of at least 1-year duration who were identified from participation in the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study from 1993-2018. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures The outcomes analyzed were 6 problem factors defined as health, social isolation, emotional distress, environmental barriers, money, and lack of opportunities. A series of cross-sequential models, using PROC MIXED procedure, were developed to evaluate the initial and change of the 6 problem factors over the 6 times of measurements in 25 years. Results Years post injury was negatively associated with initial status of problems of social isolation, emotional distress, environmental barriers, and lack of opportunities because participants with more years post injury at baseline reported lower scores on each factor. Longitudinally, with increased years post injury, higher scores were observed on the health problem factor. However, problems of social isolation, emotional distress, environmental barriers, money, and lack of opportunities decreased over time with increasing years post injury. Conclusions Participants had more health problems with increasing years after SCI, but fewer problems of social isolation, emotional distress, environmental barriers, money, and lack of opportunities.
Mechanically sensing and tailoring electronic properties in two-dimensional atomic membranes

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials are both highly deformable atomic membranes and electrically active quantum materials. Most electronic and quantum states in both monolayer 2D materials and heterostructures are highly sensitive to strain and interlayer structure, and thus may be tuned mechanically. Here we explore the current frontiers using 2D material mechanics to sense, tune, tailor or even reconfigure electronic properties, device behavior and quantum states. We compare the relative impacts of different kinds of mechanical perturbations including in-plane strain, out-of-plane vibrations, inhomogeneous three-dimensional deformations, instabilities of membranes under compression like crumpling and wrinkling, and interlayer slip. Throughout, we explore how each form of coupling may be used for applications that cannot be realized in the flat unperturbed materials including tunable nanoelectromechanical systems, strain resilient electronics, multifunctional surfaces and reconfigurable quantum systems.
Corn Silage And Haylage Variability Within Bunker Silos

Forages, and haylages in particular, have a large potential for variation. Variability in dry matter, fiber levels and fermentation profiles within a silo can influence herd performance and animal health. Degree of variation at a given dairy depends largely on its ability to manage cropping and harvesting systems. One advantage that bunker silos have over upright silos and bags is that ensiled feed from a given load or field is spread over a larger area of the silo. Thus, changes in forage dry matter (DM) or chemical measurements occur more gradually than in other storage systems. However, variation can still occur across the height of a silo. To estimate this potential variation, eleven corn silage and nine haylage bunker silos from nine dairies located in central New York were evaluated.
Ex-vivo Renal Stone Dusting: Impact of Laser Modality, Ureteral Access Sheath, and Suction on Total Stone Clearance

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Conventional renal stone dusting is challenging; the holmium laser (Ho:YAG) and holmium with MOSES Effect (Ho:YAG-MOSES) fail to uniformly produce fragments <100 microns (i.e. dust). The superpulse thulium fiber laser (sTFL) may more effectively render uroliths into "dust," and may thus improve stone free rates. Accordingly, we performed ex-vivo evaluations with all three laser modalities, assessing stone fragments and stone clearance. METHODS Seventy-two ex-vivo porcine kidney-ureter models were divided into 12 groups of six: laser type (Ho:YAG, Ho:YAG-MOSES, sTFL), ureteroscope (URS) with and without applied suction, and presence or absence of a 14Fr ureteral access sheath (UAS). Calcium oxalate stones were pre-weighed and implanted into each kidney via a pyelotomy. Stones were treated at 16 watts using dusting settings of 0.4Jx40Hz (Ho:YAG) 0.2Jx80Hz (Ho:YAG-MOSES), and 0.2Jx80Hz (sTFL) for up to 20 minutes. No stone basketing was performed. Kidneys were bi-valved and residual fragments were collected, dried, weighed, and sieved to determine fragment size and stone clearance. RESULTS Initial stone mass (mg), procedure time (sec), and laser energy expenditure (kJ) were similar in all 12 groups. The greatest stone clearance was seen with sTFL+suction+UAS (94%) compared to a conventional technique (Ho:YAG+no suction+no UAS) (65%, p<0.01). The use of sTFL provided greater stone clearance than Ho:YAG or Ho:YAG-MOSES. Aspiration improved stone clearance for sTFL (p=0.01) but not for Ho:YAG or Ho:YAG-MOSES, consistent with the creation of smaller fragments with sTFL. Presence of a 14F UAS improved stone clearance in all scenarios (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this ex-vivo study, stone clearance was optimized under the following conditions: sTFL laser, 14F ureteral access sheath, and aspiration. This combination resulted in 94% of stone fragments cleared; the 6% remaining fragments were all <2 mm. In all scenarios, deployment of a 14Fr UAS improved stone clearance.