cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ex Situ Perfusion in a Swine Limb Vascularized Composite Tissue Allograft on Survival up to 24 Hours.

Purpose To test the potential for the ex situ limb perfusion system to prolong limb allograft survival up to 24 hours. Methods We used 20 swine for the study. In group 1 (control), 4 limbs were perfused with heparin solution and preserved at 4°C for 6 hours. In group 2, 4 limbs were perfused with autologous blood at 27°C to 32°C for 24 hours. In both groups, limbs were transplanted orthotopically to recipients and monitored for 12 hours. In addition to perfusion parameters, we recorded perfusate gases and electrolytes (pH, pCO 2 , pO 2 , O 2 saturation, Na, K, Cl, Ca, HCO 3 , glucose, and lactate) and obtained functional electrostimulation hourly throughout the experiment. Histology samples were obtained for TUNEL staining and single-muscle fiber contractility testing. Results In both groups, hemodynamic variables of circulation remained stable throughout the experiment. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation remained intact until the end of reperfusion in group 2 vs no response in group 1. In group 2, a gradual increase in lactate levels during pump perfusion returned to normal after transplantation. Compared with the contralateral limb in group 2, single-muscle fiber contractility testing showed no significant difference at the end of the experiment. Conclusions We demonstrated extended limb survival up to 24 hours using normothermic pulsatile perfusion and autologous blood. Clinical relevance Successful prolongation of limb survival using ex situ perfusion methods provides with more time for revascularization of an extremity.
A brief history of Le Système D

This article traces the development of the French and Francophone concept of Le Systeme D from its origins in the colonial army in North Africa in the mid-nineteenth century, to its uses and abuses during the two world wars, to its contemporary use in the context of informal economies worldwide. La debrouillardise and its many derivatives (se debrouiller, debrouillard, and Le Systeme D) are central to the French and Francophone cultural imagination. The terms have migrated with peoples and ideas across the French-speaking world to describe a broad range of arts and practices of ingenuity and improvisation. Le Systeme D is invoked by individuals who are confronted with systems – bureaucratic, economic, or military – over which they have little control and within which they have few choices and limited resources. Le Systeme D is a powerful interdisciplinary concept that can help us better understand an outlook and approach to life that is fast becoming the dominant “habitus” of our age.
Teaching About Race Through Sports: Documents from the Jack Johnson-Jim Jeffries Fight

This chapter focuses upon the teaching of race during the late nineteenth/early twentieth century by focusing upon commercial culture and sports. In particular, it explores the teaching of race and American cultural history through an examination of popular media coverage of the heavyweight title fight between champion Jack Johnson, the first African American to hold the honor, and Jim Jeffries, a white challenger, on July 4, 1910. The materials documenting that famous fight provide a source of primary material for teaching about the popular ideology of white supremacy, it prevalence, and its consequences during late nineteenth and early twentieth century American history. Combined, the articles, documents, and discussion points in this unit provide students (in an advanced level cultural history class) a valuable exercise in the dynamics of racial ideology in the early twentieth century, and the role of commercial culture and sports in the articulation of these stereotypes. Students can see clearly the racial stereotypes of the era, and connect these to others that we would have discussed earlier in the semester. At the same time, however, students also learn about the complexities of racial hierarchies and ideologies. In this case, they can see how an event billed as one that would establish the legitimacy of white supremacy, and that would reassure white audiences that an expression of African American competitive violence would be contained, in fact accomplished the opposite. Instead of bolstering the racist oppression of the Jim Crow era, the Johnson-Jeffries fight served as a valuable inspiration for many African Americans who, according to sports historian Jeffrey Sammons, found in Johnson’s championship “the most satisfying event since the end of slavery.”
Hydrogel-Coated Near Infrared Absorbing Nanoshells as Light-Responsive Drug Delivery Vehicles

Nanoparticle drug delivery carriers that can modulate drug release based on an exogenous signal, such as light, are of great interest, especially for improving cancer therapy. A light-activated delivery vehicle was fabricated by synthesizing a thin, thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogel coating directly onto the surfaces of individual near-infrared (NIR) absorbing gold-silica nanoshells. This hydrogel was designed to be in a swollen state under physiological conditions and expel large amounts of water, along with any entrapped drug, at elevated temperatures. The required temperature change can be achieved via NIR absorption by the nanoshell, allowing the hydrogel phase change to be triggered by light, which was observed by monitoring changes in particle sizes as water was expelled from the hydrogel network. The phase change was reversible and repeatable. As a model drug, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin was loaded into this delivery vehicle, and rapid release of doxorubicin occurred upon NIR exposure. Further, colon carcinoma cells exposed to the irradiated platform displayed nearly 3 times as much doxorubicin uptake as cells exposed to nonirradiated particles or free drug, which in turn resulted in a higher loss of cell viability. We hypothesize these effects are because the NIR-mediated heating results in a transient increase in cell membrane permeability, thus aiding in cellular uptake of the drug.
Transient Plasma Ignition of Hydrocarbon-Air Mixtures in Pulse Detonation Engines

A transient plasma ignition system has been demonstrated to substantially reduce the ignition delay and detonation-to-detonation transition times for ethylene-air and propane-air mixtures under dynamic fill conditions. The effects initial conditions including equivalence ratio, a temperature range of 280K to 430K, and pressure range of 1 to 6 atm were evaluated. Ignition delays were reduced by up to a factor of 5 and the corresponding deflagration-to-detonation time scales were observed to decrease accordingly when compared to conventional capacitive discharge systems. The substantial reduction of the ignition delay times resulted in the generation of strong pressure waves which inherently steepened into shock waves quickly and in a short distance. Although direct initiation of a detonation wave was not obtained, the sub sequential use of a Shchelkin spiral was able to rapidly and reliably accelerate the combustion driven shock waves to detonations within practical distances. The efficiency and performance of the transient plasma ignition strategy will likely contribute to the development of fuel-air detonation initiators.
Reabsorption of filtered cadmium-metallothionein in the rabbit kidney (39883).

SummaryMetallothioneins isolated from the liver of rabbits injected with 115mCd were infused into normal and Cd-treated rabbits, and renal filtration, excretion, and reabsorption of the isotope were determined. Reabsorption involved at least two processes, only one of which became saturated at low plasma concentrations of Cd-MT. This process was greatly depressed in poisoned animals. Nevertheless, the reabsorptive capacity even of poisoned kidneys remained so high that renal excretion of Cd in the poisoned rabbit cannot primarily involve filtration of Cd-MT and its tubular rejection, as had been suggested by other workers.
Coherent Acoustic Phonon Dynamics in Exciton Self-Trapping

The dynamics of exciton self-trapping are studied using femtosecond impulsive excitation techniques. The low-frequency response reflects generation of coherent acoustic waves, with an acoustic wavelength that scales with exciton localization length.
Research on a New Model for Analyzing Response of Trapped Charge on Line

It is significant for the research on very fast transient overvoltage(VFTO) during circuit breaker switching and electromagnetic interference(EMI) to research the discharging mechanism of trapped charge in transmission line.Based on the relation between the charge density and voltage of transmission line,a new transmission line model,in which the charge density of transmission line and the current along the line are taken as variables,is built to analyze discharging response of trapped charge.Combining with the voltage-current relations at both ends of transmission line,finite-element difference formulae in time-domain are given when load is connected to the ends,and after slightly modifying the finite-difference formulae under open-circuit and short-circuit of the ends are obtained.Utilizing finite difference method in time-domain and the theory of lossless transmission line,the proposed transmission line model is verified,and respective features of the proposed transmission line model and traditional transmission line model,which are applied in the analysis on the voltage response during discharge of trapped charge,are compared.It is discovered from simulation results that whether the discrete time and space step-length could meet equal Courant conditions or not,there is oscillation in the voltage response caused by the discharge of trapped charge.Comparing the discharging voltage response of trapped charge of non-uniform distribution with that of uniform distribution,it can be seen that there is evident influence of non-uniform charge distribution on amplitude of voltage response and transmission delay.
Investigation on Distribution of HBsAg Carriage Rate Among Food Practitioners in Shimen County

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of HBsAg carriers among food practitioners in different regions of Shimen County,to further implement the cutting off measures in oral transmission of hepatitis B,to develop health prevention and control measures and to strengthen food production,marketing,and health management in rural public places. Methods The data of HBsAg testing results of food practitioners in different regions of Shimen County in 2007 were investigated,5,466 physical examination results were analyzed Results HBsAg-positive rate of food practitioners was 2.54% in cities and towns,2.13% in rural areas,2.42% in hill regions,and 1.51% in mountain areas respectively.No statistically significant difference was found in region distribution of HBsAg-positive rate. Conclusions It is necessary to conduct complete health examinations among food practitioners;meanwhile,the relevant health departments should enhance the health management for hepatitis B patients and HBsAg carriers.
DIRECT DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN SOYBEAN SAUCE BY USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS)

A method was developed for the determination of lead in soybean sauce by using ICP-MS.The sample was directly introduced into ICP-MS without digestion or dilution.External calibration was applied for making calibration curve and on-line internal calibration for eliminating matrix effect,respectively.The approach was validated using soybean sauce reference material during an inter-comparison test.The analytical value matches very well with the certified value.The relative standard deviations(%RSD)was 2.5% and the recovery percentages were between 94.2%—102%.
Self-assembly and the origin of the first RNA-like polymers

Many hypotheses for the origin of life rely on the existence of an RNA world, a time in which RNA both stored genetic information and performed catalysis, functions that are performed by DNA and proteins, respectively, in extant biology. However, the de novo synthesis of RNA by plausible prebiotic reactions has yet to be demonstrated, leading many researchers to conclude that RNA was preceded by an informational polymer that resembled RNA, but was easier to assemble, i.e., proto-RNA. Still, the synthesis of a proto-RNA is not trivial, requiring the selection of a subset of building blocks out of a diverse prebiotic chemical inventory, and their correct coupling into a polymer. In this chapter we focus on the difficulty of selection and coupling in the de novo synthesis of RNA-like polymers and provide support for the utility of molecular midwives and reversible bonding along a template in overcoming these challenges.
Development strategies and policies in contemporary China

Economic objectives and goals The immediate task facing the Chinese Communists in 1949 was to restore and rehabilitate a war-disrupted, inflation-torn, fragmented economy. Given the legacy of the past with its economic backwardness and population pressure, what were the objectives of industrialization in China, and what were generally the long-run economic objectives of the new regime? This is the broad issue to be addressed first in this chapter. The instruments and appeals used to motivate workers, cadres, managers, and peasants to pursue and implement these objectives will then be considered. The relative importance assigned to these appeals and the character of the incentives mix was changed from time to time as indeed was the priority allotted to different – and at times competing – objectives. These shifts in priorities and incentives produced policy changes and differing development strategies that are analyzed in the second half of this chapter. If we examine the post-war experience of most underdeveloped countries we find that the urge for development derives from two closely inter-related sources. On the one hand, this urge is powered by a desire to reduce international inequalities and gradually close the standard of living gap between highly developed and low-income economies. On the other hand, the development urge derives from a felt need to close the economic, military, and political power gap between the more industrialized and less developed countries. In a very real sense, we are witnessing the operation of a powerful international and all-pervasive “demonstration effect”.
Electrode selection for hearing preservation in cochlear implantation: A review of the evidence.

Abstract Objective To review and assess the ideal length of electrode in cochlear implant patients for hearing preservation. Methods The English language literature was reviewed for studies including hearing preservation and speech understanding for electrodes of different lengths. Results One prospective trial was found, and there were no studies that randomized patients into different length electrodes with an intent to preserve hearing. Eight studies total included multiple length electrodes and contained data regarding hearing preservation. Conclusions Although there is some evidence that indicates that shorter electrodes may improve both short and long-term hearing preservation rates in cochlear implant patients, no study has directly compared implant length on hearing preservation in a similar patient population. A randomized trial of short and standard length electrodes for hearing preservation is warranted. In the interim, utilization of current electrodes measuring 20–25 mm could seem to be a prudent approach when seeking to preserve residual hearing without unduly compromising cochlear coverage.
Connections between H/sub 2/ optimal filters and unknown input observers performance limitations of H/sub 2/ optimal filtering

This paper establishes a connection between the unknown input observer problem (also known as the exact input-decoupling filtering problem) and the Kalman filtering problem. Such a connection leads to a better understanding of filtering. As a consequence of this, tools for the analysis as well as synthesis of filters can be developed. Moreover, such tools can be utilized to establish performance limitations of Kalman filtering as related to the structural properties of the given system.
Social factors predictive of social integration for adults with brain injury.

AbstractIntroduction: Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) may not only struggle with physical and cognitive impairments, but may also face challenges reintegrating into the community socially. Research has demonstrated that following ABI, individuals’ social networks tend to dwindle, support may decline, and isolation increases. This study examined factors impacting social integration in a community-based sample of 102 individuals with ABI.Methods: Potential predictors included emotional support, instrumental support, problem solving confidence, and approach–avoidance style (AAS) of problem solving, while controlling for age, gender, education, and time since injury. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze whether these factors were predictive of social integration.Results: The final model accounted for 33% of the variance in social integration outcomes. Results demonstrated that emotional support was initially a significant predictor; however, when controlling for emotional support the varia...
AN OPTICAL EMISSION STUDY ON EXPANDING LOW-TEMPERATURE CASCADE ARC PLASMAS

The optical emission spectra from expanding low-temperature cascade arc plasmas were studied. The objective of this study was to examine the distinctive features of low-temperature cascade arc plasmas in comparison with a radio frequency (RF) plasma source. The principal results obtained in this study were: (1) in an expanding cascade arc plasma jet, active heavy particles (mainly excited argon or helium neutral species under our operating conditions), rather than electrons, are responsible for the excitation of reactive species when a reactive gas is injected into the plasma jet, (2) the excitation of reactive species was found to be controlled by the electronic energy levels of these excited argon or helium neutrals, (3) changing the operating parameters affected only the emission intensities of excited species, and no effect on the emission nature of plasmas was observed.
Imposed-inquiry Information-seeking Self-efficacy and Performance of College Students: A Review of the Literature

Abstract Information literacy is a constellation of skills related to information use, one of which is information seeking. Proficiency in information seeking alone is not sufficient, though, because having the procedural knowledge necessary to complete a task is irrelevant without the confidence to act on that knowledge. Despite its importance, researchers have only begun investigating information-seeking self-efficacy in the last few decades, and multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of information literacy instruction in developing self-efficacy. How and why self-efficacy changes are key questions in this line of research, and both require a reliable and valid method of measuring self-efficacy, as well as an objective, quantitative measure of performance. Multiple researchers have addressed this issue in their research, often in relationship with another topic, including the efficacy of different pedagogical approaches, the relationship between self-efficacy and performance, human-computer interaction with search systems, and the interrelationships between self-efficacy and multiple other variables. Although progress has been made, a great deal of research is required to properly understand the relationship between self-efficacy and performance, and the complex interrelationships with other factors, which would allow for the development of better information literacy instruction.
Avoiding academic irrelevance in the marketing discipline: the promise of the history of marketing thought

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a commentary on Hunt’s ‘Advancing marketing strategy in the marketing discipline and beyond: From promise, to neglect, to prominence, to fragment, (to promise?)’. We focus on three issues: (1) the historical origins of marketing strategy, (2) resource-advantage theory as a general theory of competition and/or a general theory of marketing and (3) the current state and future promise of doctoral training in the history of marketing thought.
Homologous Blood, Salvaged Blood, or no Transfusion?

The question of whether to transfuse at all comes before the question of whether to use autologous versus homologous blood. Until recently, a hemoglobin level of 10 g/dL was considered the lowest acceptable level for a patient undergoing surgery. {1} There is now good evidence that this “action level” is too high. Indeed, oxygen delivery to the tissues is enhanced by a modest degree of anemia provided the patient can maintain an increased cardiac output. This is because the viscosity of whole blood is largely dependent upon the volume of red cells that it contains. High hematocrit blood can deliver increased oxygen to the tissues only if it can be moved swiftly through the microcirculation; and the high viscosity of such blood guarantees a prolonged circulation time. Why then does Mother Nature equip us with a hematocrit of 45 when there are so many physiological advantages that accrue when the hematocrit drops to 25? The answer is that most of us are upright and exercising large muscle groups most of the time. We are not resting quietly, lying in bed following major surgery. During vigorous physical activity a reserve capacity for oxygen transport is very helpful. Some athletes have received a one or two unit transfusion of their own blood just before competition for this very reason. Other athletes practice their sport at high altitude to achieve the same result.
Creative and Innovative Solutions to Accommodate the Growth of a Professional Practice Doctoral Program

This essay describes one institution’s struggle to grow its EdD program by adding an equivalent online version of a successful face-to-face program. One of the challenges faced was that of creating a comparable experience for online students to share their ongoing action research, an activity that had long been part of the face-to-face version of the program. An innovative, all-day, virtual doctoral research conference was developed and implemented. We describe our creative rethinking of the original event, towards a new, successful, and fully-online redesigned event. Although the event continues to be refined, the inaugural event proved to be a successful solution to the challenge of transferring all components of a face-to-face program over to its online equivalent. Feedback from students who participated in the conference is shared, and recommendations for other EdD programs is offered.
Asuntos inconclusos en el diálogo internacional sobre la deuda

Desde noviembre de 2001 hasta abril de 2003 el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI); debatio una propuesta radical para manejar la deuda externa de los paises insolventes de economias en desarrollo y economias en transicion, denominada mecanismo de reestructuracion de la deuda soberana. Aunque la propuesta fue rechazada, se estan introduciendo en los contratos de bonos soberanos nuevas clausulas de accion colectiva con miras a encarar algunas de las dificultades existentes para reestructurar la deuda en bonos. Ademas, el FMI esta desarrollando un enfoque pragmatico y eclectico para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la deuda, que sea util tanto para los gobiernos como para los acreedores. Sin embargo, muchos de los problemas que plantea la reestructuracion de la deuda soberana siguen en pie. Este articulo sugiere reformas especificas y algunas maneras de examinarlas.
Determination of Objective Architectural Acoustic Quality of a Multi-Purpose Auditorium

Significant differences in listening qualities have been reported by the audience attending wide variety of functions ranging from orchestral music to stage drama and public announcements at the multipurpose auditorium of the Miami University Hamilton campus. Preliminary investigations have been conducted to examine the difference in sound qualities utilizing impulse responses at various seating sections throughout the auditorium, based on the measurement procedures set forth by ISO 3382-1:2009 for performance spaces. Detailed comparisons of measured acoustic quality parameters have been made against the available data in literature for statistically determined optimal acoustic conditions. Each measured range of parameter values has been analyzed to determine the distribution characteristics over a pre-determined set of locations on the audience seating area. In the final paper, a detailed study of the acoustical parameters, including the enhancements proposed as a result of this investigation are presented.
Pitfalls and Practical Considerations in Product Life Analysis--Part I: Basic Concepts and Dangers of Extrapolation

Important decisions are frequently made from the analysis of product life and field data using various graphical and analytical methods. Simple methods, such as fitting a Weibull distribution to the data, however, may give wrong answers, especially when..
Using a Braille Tachistoscope to Improve Braille Reading Speed

This article reports the results of a study that explored the use of a computer-generated tachistoscopelike display of electronic braille to increase the reading speeds of three blind university st...
Current and future use of anti-TNF agents in the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory disorders.

In addition to the recognized efficacy in RA, Crohn’s disease, and psoriatic arthritis, data on the therapeutic value of anti-TNF agents continues to accumulate in the treatment of a number of other autoimmune, inflammatory diseases. Could these agents become the corticosteroid of the 21st century?
Experiments with nondiffracting needle beams

We present a method for generating the nondiffracting beams predicted by Durnin 1 as well as the results of recent experiments with these beams.
The use of salivagram to assess aspiration in children and young adults

2504 Objectives A radionuclide salivagram is used to demonstrate pulmonary aspiration. As aspiration can lead to pneumonia and other lung diseases, a positive study can lead to interventions including tracheostomy, antibiotics, and supportive care. The objective of this study is to determine the utilization of salivagrams in a pediatric nuclear medicine department. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all 97 salivagram studies performed between January 2010 and December 2012. Studies were reviewed for clinical indication and study findings. All studies were performed by placing 0.1 mCi 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid in a drop (0.1 ml) of saline under or on the tongue. Dynamic imaging was performed for 1 hour, unless stopped early for patient distress. Results The most common indications were known or suspected aspiration pneumonia (33) and respiratory symptoms such as coughing or choking (64). The study indication was not predictive of study outcome. 30 studies demonstrated aspiration, while 63 studies were negative. 4 studies were non-diagnostic, as the patient did not swallow the tracer. Of the 30 positive studies, 9 showed aspiration only into the trachea and primary bronchi and 21 showed aspiration into the secondary branching bronchi. In 3 of 9 cases with aspiration into primary bronchi alone, tracer was cleared from the airway during the period of imaging, but a second episode of aspiration occurred in 2 cases. No clearance was identified in cases of aspiration into secondary bronchi. 4 negative studies were repeated, and 1 showed aspiration on the repeat study. Conclusions Radionuclide aspiration is a useful and easily performed nuclear medicine study for evaluation of suspected aspiration. Imaging for 60 minutes is useful to observe airway clearance of tracer and identify repeat episodes of aspiration. Study indication does not predict study outcome.
Age-Related Differences in the use of Hypertext: Experiment and Design Guidelines

Hypertext systems can be targeted for many different user populations, yet little experimental research has been done to provide design guidelines on how to match the system to the user. An experim...
Americans’ Perceptions about Fast Food and How They Associate with Its Consumption and Obesity Risk

We aimed to systematically examine Americans' perceptions of fast food (FF) and how these perceptions might affect fast food consumption (FFC) and obesity risk. We searched PubMed and Google for studies published in English until February 17, 2017 that reported on Americans' perceptions (defined as their beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge) regarding FF as well as those on their associations with FFC and obesity risk. Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Limited research has been conducted on these topics, and most studies were based on convenience samples. A 2013 nationally representative phone survey of about 2000 subjects showed that one-fifth of Americans thought FF was good for health, whereas two-thirds considered FF not good. Even over two-thirds of weekly FF consumers (47% of the total population) thought FF not good. Americans seem to have limited knowledge of calories in FF. Negative and positive FF perceptions were associated with FFC. Those who consumed less FF seemed more likely to view FF negatively. When Americans valued the convenience and taste of FF and preferred FF restaurants with kid's menus and play areas, they were likely to purchase more FF. Available research indicates neither perceived availability of FF nor Geographical Information System (GIS)-based FF presence in the neighborhood has significant associations with weekly FFC. No studies examined potential links between FF perceptions and obesity risk. Americans' perceptions of FF and how they might associate with FFC and obesity risk are understudied. Considerable variation was observed in Americans' perceptions and FFC.
The message influences me more than others: How and why social media metrics affect first person perception and behavioral intentions

Abstract Two experiments investigated how and why social media metrics affect perceived media influence and behavioral intentions. In the first experiment (N = 241), those who viewed a news article about an environmental risk with social media metrics (vs. news article only) reported greater media influence on the self than others (First-person perception, FPP), and such effect was more prominent among those high in the need to belong. Increased FPP, in turn, led to greater intentions to combat the risk. The second experiment (N = 210) found that exposure to a news article about a health risk with high (vs. low) social media metrics led the readers to perceive greater injunctive norms and thereby report greater FPP. Such effect was more prominent among those high in the need for closure. Increased FPP induced stronger behavioral intentions to prevent the risk as well as to share the news article via social media.
How computer science at CMU is attracting and retaining women

Carnegie Mellon University's successful efforts enrolling, sustaining, and graduating women in computer science challenge the belief in a gender divide in CS education.
Gigahertz Frequency Antiferromagnetic Resonance and Strong Magnon-Magnon Coupling in the Layered Crystal CrCl 3

We report broadband microwave absorption spectroscopy of the layered antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{CrCl}}_{3}$. We observe a rich structure of resonances arising from quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic dynamics. Because of the weak interlayer magnetic coupling in this material, we are able to observe both optical and acoustic branches of antiferromagnetic resonance in the GHz frequency range and a symmetry-protected crossing between them. By breaking rotational symmetry, we further show that strong magnon-magnon coupling with large tunable gaps can be induced between the two resonant modes.
American Dreams and Identity Conflict

A considerable amount of research has documented the nature, characteristics, and impact of international migration. However, until very recent, migration literature had either not spoken much about the reciprocal process, or had assumed that members of the migrant population forfeited their way of life, culture, and involvement in the society of their origin in order to become an intrinsic part of the new society (Guarnizo, Porter and Haller 2003). Erstwhile studies on the immigration policy assumed, rather simplistically, that the migrants left their country of origin, settled in a new country, started getting assimilated into the new society, and eventually abandoned their ties with their native country. A new body of research on “transnationalism” has recently emerged, focusing on the issue of how the migrant population is now able to succeed in maintaining a political, economic, and social interconnection with both the countries of origin and settlement (Guarnizo 2003; Levitt 2004).
Relationship of Coxsackievirus to Cardiac Autoimmunity

For many years, a relationship between viral infection and the development of autoimmunity has been suspected in diseases such as diabetes mellitus,1–3 multiple sclerosis,45 idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura,6 chronic active hepatitis,7 postmeasles encephalitis,8,9 and myocarditis.10,12 During the past decade, significant strides have been made in developing an understanding of this intricate and involved relationship. Some of the most studied experimental models are encephalomyocarditic virus-induced and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4)-induced diabetes mellitus in mice, which have been investigated by Notkins and Yoon and colleagues.1,13–15 Their studies have shown that both the genetics of the host and the infectious agent determine the host’s susceptibility to viral infection, the virus-induced pathology, and the development of autoimmune disease. These investigators have also attempted to clarify the relationship of the virus with organ-specific autoimmunity by hybridizing antibody-forming cells of infected mice. Multiple organ-reactive monoclonal antibodies were produced in the wake of a reovirus infection.16–17 These studies also demonstrated that there are sometimes shared epitopes between the virus and host tissues.
Identifying ERBB2 Activating Mutations in HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Impact of Institute-Wide Genomic Testing and Enrollment in Matched Therapy Trials

PURPOSEThe yield of comprehensive genomic profiling in recruiting patients to molecular-based trials designed for small subgroups has not been fully evaluated. We evaluated the likelihood of enroll...
Muconic acid production from methane using rationally-engineered methanotrophic biocatalysts

Here, we demonstrate bioconversion of methane to muconic acid, a dicarboxylic acid that can be upgraded to an array of platform chemicals, by three gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs. All engineered methanotrophs expressing a heterologous dihydroxyshikimate dehydratase, protocatechuate decarboxylase, and catechol dioxygenase produced muconic acid from methane, with the highest titer (12.4 mg MA per L), yield (2.8 mg MA per g CH4), and specific productivity (1.2 mg MA per g dcw, 48 hr) synthesized by Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense, Methylococcus capsulatus, and Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilium, respectively. Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum genome-scale model-guided strain engineering predicted that disruption of the pyruvate dehydrogenase or shikimate dehydrogenase would significantly enhance flux to the heterologous muconic acid pathway in this organism. However, knock-out of these targets caused a growth defect, and coupled with similar muconic acid titers (∼1 mg L−1), resulted in minimal flux enhancement to muconic acid in these genetically-modified strains. The shikimate dehydrogenase mutant's ability to grow without aromatic amino acid supplementation revealed that M. alcaliphilum likely encodes an unidentified enzyme or pathway with shikimate biosynthetic capacity, which prevents maximal flux through the synthetic muconic acid pathway. This study expands the suite of products that can be generated from methane using methanotrophic biocatalysts, lays the foundation for green production of muconic acid-derived polymers from methane, and highlights the need for further analysis of methanotroph biosynthetic potential to guide refinement of metabolic models and strain engineering.
Conflicting perspectives mediate the relation between parents’ and preschoolers’ self‐referent mental state talk during collaboration

We examined the relations between the referent of parents and preschoolers' mental state talk during a collaborative puzzle-solving task (N = 146 dyads; n = 81 3-year-olds, n = 65 4-year-olds). The results showed that parents' references to their own knowledge and beliefs (self-referent cognitive talk), and references to their child's knowledge and beliefs (child-referent cognitive talk) were both related to children's (primarily self-referent) cognitive talk. We then tested whether any of the observed relations could be explained by the presence of conflicting perspectives within the collaborative interaction. Mediational analyses revealed that conflicting perspectives mediated the positive relation between parents' production of self-referent cognitive talk and child cognitive talk. By contrast, the positive relation between parents' production of child-referent cognitive talk and child cognitive talk did not depend on the presence of this type of conflict. These findings highlight an important mechanism through which parents' references to their own mind might promote children's developing mental state talk in collaborative contexts.
Technical Problem Statement

This chapter presents necessary background related to UAV motion during flight, answering the fundamental question of what is the source of aerodynamic uncertainty through the aircraft equations of motion and the detailed breakdown of the aerodynamic coefficients. The basic UAV reference frames are presented, the control surfaces are introduced and the direct relation between the equations of motion and the aircraft aerodynamic coefficients is established. Finally, potential and existing real-life applications of UAVs with inherent uncertain aerodynamic parameters are demonstrated.
Development of a Connected Vehicle Dynamic Freeway Variable Speed Controller

Traffic congestion is a major challenge in urban areas, and is associated with longer travel times, increased vehicle emissions, and numerous vehicle crashes. Creating an efficient mobility system is difficult, given that each driver is usually trying to optimize their individual trip within the network without accounting for other road users. However, new technologies in modern vehicles, especially connected vehicle technologies, make it increasingly possible to find solutions to network efficiency problems. Connected technologies allow data sharing between vehicles, allowing for greater system optimization. This work takes advantage of connectivity to develop a global framework to increase transportation network efficiency and address the aforementioned challenges. To enhance mobility, this paper presents a dynamic freeway speed controller based on the sliding mode theory, which uses the fundamental equations governing traffic dynamics in combination with variable speed limit control in order to provide advisory speeds for connected vehicles. Simulation results on a downtown Los Angeles network show significant reductions in trip times and delays both on freeways (where the control was activated) and network-wide (i.e., freeways and other roadways). Specifically, the results for the entire network showed a 12.17% reduction in travel time and a 20.67% reduction in total delay. These results had the secondary effect of reducing fuel consumption and therefore CO 2 emissions by 2.6% and 3.3%, respectively. The results for the freeway network alone showed a 20.48% reduction in travel time and a 21.63% reduction in queued vehicles. These results reveal the significant potential benefits of using the proposed speed harmonization controller on real large-scale networks.
Historical Overview of Unschooling

This chapter provides an in-depth description of the history of the unschooling movement, including elements of Rousseau, Dewey, and Neill’s work. A large part of the chapter is dedicated to exploring the work of Ivan Illich and John Holt. Holt defined unschooling and the unschooling movement through his books How Children Learn and How Children Fail. He also supported the growth of the movement through his magazine, Growing Without Schooling, which was the first periodical focused on homeschooling, unschooling, and learning outside the school environment. The work and influence of John Taylor Gatto and Peter Gray on the unschooling movement is also reviewed. It is important for current unschoolers to understand the history of the movement, so that they can forge forward in a way that promotes unification and acceptance within their own community and beyond.
All-Natural Smart Mycelium Surface with Tunable Wettability

A naturally occurring smart mycelium surface with tunable wettability is demonstrated. The commercially produced mycelium foam shows a natural hydrophobic and nonabsorbent surface with water contac...
The science of teaching reading and English learners: Understanding the issues and advocating for equity

Schools in the U.S. have yet to achieve the goal that every student read at grade level or above by the end of grade 3, a goal first articulated twenty years ago in the No Child Left Behind Act of ...
Ongewone laesie op de tongrug: verwijzing naar kaakchirurg is geïndiceerd

Een 45-jarige man wordt door zijn huisarts verwezen in verband met een sinds enkele maanden door patient opgemerkte ‘bobbel’ achteraan in het midden van zijn tong. Hij heeft er betrekkelijk weinig last. Patient is verder gezond, rookt niet en gebruikt geen medicijnen. Wat is hier aan de hand?
Predicate indexing for incremental multi-query optimization

We present a relational schema that stores the computations of a shared query evaluation plan, and tools that search the common computations between new queries and the schema, which are the two essential parts of the Incremental Multiple Query Optimization (IMQO) framework we proposed to allow the efficient construction of the optimal evaluation plan for multiple continuous queries.
En la casa de Libia: Una meditación

Resumen es: Pueda que de los mitos griegos, Libia, en sus dimensiones simbolicas, es menos reconocido en la imaginacion contemporanea. Sin embargo, sin narrativas de...
Equity ownership concentration and firm value: Evidence from private equity financings

Abstract In contrast to the negative average abnormal returns accompanying the announcement of a public offering of securities, the announcement of a private sale of equity is accompanied by a 4.5% average abnormal return. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that the change in firm value at the announcement of a private sale is strongly correlated with the resulting change in ownership concentration. This relation depends on the level ownership concentration after the sale and the purchaser's current or anticipated future relationship with the firm.
Chapter 3 Introduction to the bidirectional associative memory model: Implications for psychopathology, treatment, and research

Summary We have formed a simple three memory BAM connecting three pairs of 8-bit stimuli and 5-bit response patterns. The three separate associations have been combined into a single memory matrix whose elements can be interpreted as synaptic weights between a set of stimulus “neurons” and a set of response “neurons”. It is crucial to note that all elements of the memory matrix participate in storing each of the three S-R associations (memories). This is the essence of a parallel distributed memory system and differs fundamentally from the serial computer analogy of storing information in discrete places. An energy value is associated with every memory resulting in a funnel shaped memory well with a basin of attraction. Memory retrieval entails descending to the bottom of the memory well through a process known as gradient descent. Our example took two cycles to reach an energy minimum and correctly recall R1 when given S1. We now apply these fundamental concepts to psychopathology.
Isolation of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles from Pancreatic Endocrine Cells by Differential and Density Gradient Centrifugation

Methods are presented for the separation of dense core secretory vesicles from insulin-secreting tissues (insulin granules) based on a combination of differential and density gradient centrifugation on various media. Emphasis is given to the use of transplantable tumors, tissue culture cell lines, and pancreatic islets as a tissue source. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 42:3.32.1-3.32.20. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: insulin granules; DCV; insulinoma; Min6; INS1; homogenization; centrifugation
EEG and the newborn

Despite the evolution of new technologies for assessing neonatal brain function, electroencephalography (EEG) remains a powerful tool for neurological diagnosis and prognosis in neonates. It is considered the gold standard for distinguishing epileptic seizures from non-epileptic paroxysmal events and for detecting subclinical seizure activity in high-risk babies. In those babies severely ill, EEG is even more efficient as predictive test than the neurological examination. The prognostic value of neonatal EEG has been long recognized in term as well as in preterm infants. Background patterns, more that patterns of ictal discharges, correlate significantly with the long-term outcome. Although most abnormalities on the neonatal EEG are nonspecific, certain patterns can be highly suggestive for diagnosis. Prognostic value can be increased by obtaining early recordings, possibly within the first 48 hr of life, prolonged recordings to include samples of different activity states, and serial EEGs at short intervals to assess rapid changes that are likely to occur in high-risk infants. It is important to distinguish neonatal seizures from neonatal-onset epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes. Both benign and malignant neonatal epilepsy syndromes exist. While benign familial neonatal seizures represents a neonatal syndrome with benign outcome, early myoclonic encephalopathy and Ohtahara syndrome are the earliest form of age-dependent severe epilepsy syndromes. Early myoclonic encephalopathy and Ohtahara syndrome are both characterized by the presence of a burst-suppression EEG pattern. This pattern is usually associated with a poor prognosis and is considered the electroencephalographic correlate of a complete disconnection within the thalamocortical systems. Migrating partial seizures in infancy is a newly recognized epilepsy syndrome whose onset can be in the neonatal period. It is characterized by multifocal intractable seizures associated with psychomotor impairment. No etiology has been found so far. Different drugs currently used in neonatal intensive care unit, especially if in the toxic range, can alter the EEG background. Those effects need to be taken in account in the interpretation of neonatal EEG.
Theory of the Critical Current Density in YBa2Cu3O7 Ceramics

Two dimensional Josephson junction array model are used to study the effect of grain boundary on the critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting ceramics. The model is a network of superconducting grains. The grain boundary angle θ has a Gaussian distribution. Each grain boundary has a critical current density J c(θ) and normal state resistance R(θ). The current-voltage characteristics is calculated numerically for different grain boundary angle distribution. The scaling law and statistics of extremes introduced by Duxbury, Beale, and Leath (DBL) for general breakdown behavior, based on the most critical defect (normal region) in the network, are tested and found to be accurate for the predicted critical-current distribution of random samples. When the applied current is larger than but close to its critical value, there is periodic V(t) with discrete power spectra. When the applied current get larger, chaotic behavior appears with nearly continuous power spectra.