cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators of Transferring Research to Practice: An Exploratory Case Study of Motivational Interviewing

Based on Simpson's program change model, this study explored personal and organizational barriers and facilitators of transferring a research-based innovation, motivational interviewing (MI), into the practices of county-employed case managers and counselors. A mixed-method perspective was employed whereby practitioner and consumer data were gathered via focus groups, and additional practitioner data were collected by means of a 2-wave panel survey. Practitioner focus group data revealed several perceived organizational barriers related to the resource of time, whereas the consumer focus group data uncovered the potential need for practitioners to adopt a research-based technology such as MI. Correlational analyses of practitioner survey data found that the organizational resource of adequate computer equipment and the staff attributes of professional growth, efficacy, and job satisfaction facilitated intention to adopt and implement MI. Implications for human services administrators and MI trainers are d...
Superconductivity induced in iron telluride films by low-temperature oxygen incorporation

We report superconductivity induced in films of the nonsuperconducting, antiferromagnetic parent material FeTe by low-temperature oxygen incorporation in a reversible manner. X-ray absorption shows that oxygen incorporation changes the nominal Fe valence state from $2+$ in the nonsuperconducting state to mainly $3+$ in the superconducting state. Thus superconductivity in O-doped FeTe occurs in a quite different charge and strain state than the more common ${\text{FeTe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Se}}_{x}$. This work also suggests a convenient path for conducting doping experiments in situ with many measurement techniques.
CHAINS OF MAXIMUM LENGTH IN THE TAMARI LATTICE

The Tamari lattice T[subscript n] was originally defined on bracketings of a set of n + 1 objects, with a cover relation based on the associativity rule in one direction. Although in several related lattices, the number of maximal chains is known, quoting Knuth, “The enumeration of such paths in Tamari lattices remains mysterious.” The lengths of maximal chains vary over a great range. In this paper, we focus on the chains with maximum length in these lattices. We establish a bijection between the maximum length chains in the Tamari lattice and the set of standard shifted tableaux of staircase shape. We thus derive an explicit formula for the number of maximum length chains, using the Thrall formula for the number of shifted tableaux. We describe the relationship between chains of maximum length in the Tamari lattice and certain maximal chains in weak Bruhat order on the symmetric group, using standard Young tableaux. Additionally, recently, Bergeron and Pr eville-Ratelle introduced a generalized Tamari lattice. Some of the results mentioned above carry over to their generalized Tamari lattice.
Inspiring inventive genius in middle and high school students with chain-reaction STEAM Machines™

In this hands-on pre-conference workshop, participants will learn about the STEAM Machines™ program, which teaches middle and high school students the engineering design process in the context of designing and building Rube Goldberg®-style chain reaction machines.
Dollarization versus coordination: policy for small countries facing dollar dilemmas and financial liberalization

Abstract The purpose of this analysis is to compare the impacts of dollarization with those of partially fixed exchange rates under optimum coordination policies for small countries facing international financial and trade liberalization under agreements such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). This paper extends the literature with the development of a model that considers an optimally managed intervention strategy.
Lithospheric structure of the Rio Grande rift

A high-resolution, regional passive seismic experiment1,2,3,4,5,6 in the Rio Grande rift region of the southwestern United States has produced new images of upper-mantle velocity structure and crust–mantle topography. Synthesizing these results with geochemical7,8,9 and other geophysical10,11,12,13 evidence reveals highly symmetric lower-crustal and upper-mantle lithosphere extensional deformation, suggesting a pure-shear rifting mechanism for the Rio Grande rift. Extension in the lower crust is distributed over a region four times the width of the rift's surface expression. Here we propose that the laterally distributed, pure shear extension is a combined effect of low strain rate and a regionally elevated geotherm, possibly abetted by pre-existing lithospheric structures, at the time of rift initiation. Distributed extension in the lower crust and mantle has induced less concentrated vertical mantle upwelling and less vigorous small-scale convection14 than would have arisen from more localized deformation. This lack of highly focused mantle upwelling may explain a deficit of rift-related volcanics in the Rio Grande rift compared to other major rift systems such as the Kenya rift15,16.
Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for chronic rotator cuff tear arthropathy.

Abstract Massive rotator cuff tears associated with glenohumeral arthritis are currently an unsolvable clinical entity. We review our series of 14 patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy (RCTA) who underwent a bipolar prosthesis of the shoulder. The average follow up was 27.8 months (range, 24–48 months), and the average age was 71 years (range, 57–84 years). Of these 14 patients, 9 were men and 5 women. None of these patients had undergone previous shoulder surgery, and all patients underwent conservative treatment that failed to improve their symptoms or range of motion. Preoperatively, the average active forward flexion was 30°, active external rotation was 10°, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score was 25 points. Postoperatively, the average active forward flexion improved to 88°, active external rotation increased to 37°, and the ASES score improved to 80 points. Of the 14 patients, 12 stated that they had no pain with activities of daily living. Two patients continued to have moderate pain in everyday activity. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Serologic testing in inflammatory bowel disease: its value in indeterminate colitis.

Serologic testing in inflammatory bowel disease provides a unique tool to classify these diseases into more homogeneous groups. Serum markers can also be used to identify common antigenic triggers and specific defects in mucosal immune regulation and cytokine imbalance in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. ANC (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) and ASCA (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies), the most extensively studied serologic markers, have been used to classify ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease into such groups with certain phenotypic characteristics and responses to treatment. Similar studies have been initiated in indeterminate colitis, and these results will help in the future to define the immunopathogenesis, prognosis, and response to certain treatments in patients with this type of disease.
Heat transfer to non‐Newtonian fluids in transitional and turbulent flow

Turbulent and transitional flow heat transfer correlations for non-Newtonian fluids are presented. By means of an extension of the Reichardt-Metzner-Friend correlation to nonisothermal flow, and a new definition of Prandtl number to account for deviations from Newtonian behavior, turbulent flow data are correlated to a standard deviation of 14.8%. By means of a normalizing procedure, data for the complex case of transitional flow heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids are correlated to a standard deviation of 17.7%. At the transition region boundaries, the correlation is consistent with laminar and turbulent flow correlations. A basic similarity in the Newtonian and non-Newtonian heat transfer mechanisms is suggested.
Strategy for multilevel optimization of aircraft

A specific decomposition methodology of a complex system of aircraft design variables to discrete levels where the variables have relatively equal impact is proposed. Multidisciplinary optimization techniques utilizing sensitivity derivatives and a global sensitivity matrix to combine the levels are used to develop a total optimum design. An advanced fighter wing example is used to illustrate the potential of improved design optimization in this multidisciplinary environment as compared to conventional sequential design development.
Chronic response of the rat sciatic nerve to the flat interface nerve electrode.

The chronic effects of a reshaping nerve electrode, the flat interface nerve electrode (FINE), on sciatic nerve physiology, histology, and blood–nerve barrier (BNB) are presented. The FINE electrode applies a small force to a nerve to reshape the nerve and fascicles into elongated ovals. This increases the interface between the nerve and electrode for selective stimulation and recording of peripheral nerve activity. The hypothesis of this study is that a small force applied noncircumferentially to a nerve can chronically reshape the nerve without effecting nerve physiology, histology, or the blood–nerve barrier permeability. Three FINE electrode designs were implanted on rat sciatic nerves to examine the nerve's response to small, moderate, and high reshaping forces. The chronic reshaping, physiology, and histology of the nerve were examined at 1, 7, and 28 days postimplant. All FINEs significantly reshape both the nerve and the fascicles compared to controls. FINEs that applied high forces caused a neurapraxia type injury characterized by changes in the animal's footprint, nerve histology, and the BNB permeability. The physiological changes were greatest at 7 days and fully recover to normal by 14 days postimplant. The moderate force FINE did not result in changes in the footprint or BNB permeability. Only a minor decrease in axon density without accompanying evidence of axon demyelination or regeneration was observe for the moderate force. The small force FINE does not cause any change in nerve physiology, histology, or BNB permeability compared to the sham treatment. An electrode that applies a small force that results in an estimated intrafascicular pressure of less than 30 mm Hg can reshape the nerve without significant changes in the nerve physiology or histology. These results support the conclusion that a small force chronically applied to the nerve reshapes the nerve without injury. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Calculated thickness of tungsten alloy required for specified attenuation of gamma radiation from /sup 137/Cs

The traditional method of evaluating and calibrating health physics instruments is to use a calibrator that consists of a single high-activity gamma radiation level desired for testing. To have accurate radiation intensities inside the calibrator cavity, the attenuator must be designed from precise absorption calculations. The authors report calculations made to determine the thickness of tungsten alloy metal required for specific attenuation. These calculations include the buildup contribution by secondary scattering radiation, and they are compared to values calculated with the buildup factor omitted. >
Ferroplasmons: intense localized surface plasmons in metal-ferromagnetic nanoparticles.

Interaction of photons with matter at length scales far below their wavelengths has given rise to many novel phenomena, including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, LSPR with narrow bandwidth (BW) is observed only in a select few noble metals, and ferromagnets are not among them. Here, we report the discovery of LSPR in ferromagnetic Co and CoFe alloy (8% Fe) in contact with Ag in the form of bimetallic nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser dewetting. These plasmons in metal-ferromagnetic nanostructures, or ferroplasmons (FP) for short, are in the visible spectrum with comparable intensity and BW to those of the LSPRs from the Ag regions. This finding was enabled by electron energy-loss mapping across individual nanoparticles in a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope. The appearance of the FP is likely due to plasmonic interaction between the contacting Ag and Co nanoparticles. Since there is no previous evidence for materials that simultaneously show ferromagnetism a...
Distribution and abundance of eggs of Labidocera aestiva (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the bottom sediments of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA

Grain-size composition of the sea-bed and density of eggs of Labidocera aestiva in bottom sediments in Buzzards Bay were determined at approximately monthly intervals from March 1983 through April 1984. The results of this study, together with those of Marcus (1984), show that during the fall and winter periods of 1982–1984 the proportion of eggs of L. aestiva occurring in the surficial sea-bottom sediments declined and the proportion of eggs in the deeper sediment layers increased. High positive correlations (r2=0.72 and 0.92) were observed during the early fall 1983 between egg abundance and the proportion of the total sediments represented by the mud fraction. During late fall, winter, and early spring 1983–1984, the coefficients of determination were much lower. Physical criteria (e.g. sedimentation and transport characteristics) can be used to accurately predict the distribution and abundance of recently spawned eggs on the sea-bottom.
Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD): a new, non‐thermal, residue‐free process for fresh agricultural products

Physical manipulations generating cycles of expansion and compression forces were combined with low vapor concentrations of natural disinfecting chemicals to disinfect and disinfest simultaneously and rapidly fresh agricultural products. Lethality in various fungi, plant and human pathogens and in all biological stages of selected arthropods was demonstrated with fresh fruits and vegetables. The combined process modifies the respiratory metabolism, affects biological structures, causes displacement of the O2/CO2 gaseous equilibrium and induces chemical toxicity at the cellular level. In aerobic microbes, oxygen metabolism is rapidly disrupted, causing biocidal effects. In larval, pupal and adult insect stages, irreversible structural damage of the tracheal system prevents the formation and causes the elimination of air reserves. In arthropod eggs, damage in essential structural features and dehydration of the chorion affect their ability to diffuse and use oxygen. The MSDD process is rapid ( 5 log10 microbial reduction), reproducible, practical, economically competitive and applicable to large volumes of commodities. It causes minimal or no sensory/functional effects in host commodities. If developed commercially, it can be a single alternative to a broad spectrum of post-harvest pesticides for disinfection and a likely alternative to methyl bromide fumigation or to irradiation for the post-harvest control of arthropods. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A Correction in Elementary Public Choice Geometry

This paper corrects a long-standing errorin elementary geometrical constructionsthat involve collective choices inmultidimensional settings. The seeminglyinnocuous assumption of separability amongarguments in individual utility functionsdoes not imply symmetric indifferencecontours in shared goods space. Sharedgoods necessarily become gross substituteswhen resource or budgetary constraints areintroduced. The corrected constructionsuggests that issue-by-issue voting is lessefficacious than is indicated in theconventional analysis.
Calcium Fortificants: Overview and Strategies for Improving Calcium Nutriture of the U.S. Population

Despite more than 20 y of awareness of the importance of calcium to health, U.S. calcium intakes remain suboptimal. Fortification of foods with shortfall nutrients is probably the optimal strategy for dealing with widespread nutrient deficiencies, as it has the best chance of reaching the population segments most at risk, as contrasted with attempts at changing individuals' food choices or relying on voluntary supplement taking. Given the wide array of potential calcium fortificants and fortification levels, there is not much to guide manufacturers interested in improving the nutritional value of their products. In this review, we assemble the calcium salts/complexes that have been used or proposed for use as fortificants and describe certain of their measured characteristics that relate to incorporation into foods, particularly what is known of their absorbability. The calcium salts most commonly used as supplements or fortificants exhibit similar absorbability when tested in pure chemical form. Choice of salt will depend mainly upon cost, compatability with the manufacturing process, and consumer acceptability. However, interaction with food, tablet, or beverage matrices can degrade intrinsic absorbability substantially. As a consequence, each product must be explicitly tested to establish the degree to which its calcium is available to consumers.
Usefulness of left ventricular wall thickness-to-diameter ratio in thallium-201 scintigraphy.

The ratio of left ventricular wall thickness to the cavity dimension, as seen on thallium-201 images, was used in this study to predict left ventricular ejection fraction and volume. We obtained rest thallium-201 images in 50 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. The thickness of a normal-appearing segment of the left ventricular wall and the transverse diameter of the cavity were measured in the left anterior oblique projection. The left ventricular ejection fraction and volume in these patients were determined by radionuclide ventriculography. There was a good correlation between thickness-to-diameter ratio and ejection fraction (r = 0.80) and endsystolic volume (r = −0.71). In 18 patients with a thickness-to-diameter ratio less than 0.70, the ejection fraction was lower than in the 16 patients with thickness-to-diameter ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 (22 ± 2% versus 49 ± 3%, mean ± SEM, p <0.001). Similarly, in patients with a thickness-to-diameter ratio less than 0.70, the end-diastolic and end-systolic volume were higher than in the remaining patients with higher thickness-to-diameter ratios (p < 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively). All 18 patients with a thickness-to-diameter ratio less than 0.70 had ejection fractions less than 40%; 14 of 15 patients with a thickness-to-diameter ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 had an ejection fraction greater than 40% (p < 0.001). The remaining 16 patients with a thickness-to-diameter ratio of 0.7–0.99 had intermediate ejection fractions and volumes. Our results indicate that the left ventricular wall-thickness-to-diameter ratio, as measured from rest thallium-201 images may be useful in categorizing patients as having either abnormal or normal left ventricular ejection fractions and volumes.
Development of an interatomic potential for the Ni-Al system

We construct an interatomic potential for the Ni-Al system within the embedded-atom method formalism. The potential is based on previously developed accurate potentials for pure Ni and Al. The cross-interactions are fitted to experimental cohesive energy, lattice parameter and elastic constants of B2-NiAl, as well as to ab initio formation energies of several real or imaginary intermetallic compounds with different crystal structures and chemical compositions. The potential accurately reproduces a variety of physical properties of the NiAl and Ni3Al phases, and shows reasonable agreement with experimental and ab initio data for phase stability across the Ni-Al phase diagram. Most of the properties reproduced by the new potential were not involved in the fitting process, which demonstrates its excellent transferability. Advantages and certain weaknesses of the new potential in comparison with other existing potentials are discussed in detail. The potential is expected to be especially suitable for simulati...
Uncertainty and implied variance bounds in long-memory models of the interest rate term structure

We find that long-term uncertainty in a linear model of the interest rate term structure can have dramatic effects on variance bounds implied by the expectations theories of the term structure. We bootstrap fractionally integrated models of the term structure of interest rates. The fractional order of integration's bootstrapped standard errors simulate uncertainty surrounding long-term forecasts of interest rates, and we find that it is possible to overstate the significance of variance-bounds violations by at least a factor of three and perhaps by a factor of ten when long-term uncertainty is ignored.
Ground Emu as a Replacement for Ground Turkey and Ground Beef

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the consumer acceptability of ground emu as a low fat substitute for ground turkey and ground beef. A serving (3.5 oz.) of ground turkey or beef can have up to 13g. or 18g. of fat, respectively. To provide lower fat food choices for Americans, producers are developing or offering new products. Emu, a red meat, provides a lower fat alternative (3g. fat/serving) to beef and turkey. The consumer acceptability of ground emu (GE)(1g. fat/4 oz.) compared to very lean ground beef (GB)(8g. fat/4 oz.) and ground turkey breast (GT)(1.5g. fat/4 oz.) was evaluated. Untrained volunteers (N=43) used a hedonic scale to rate each coded, unseasoned, cooked (160° F) meat patty for tenderness, flavor, texture, aftertaste, and overall acceptability. Cooking losses (3 replications) were also measured. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analyses were computed using SPSS for Windows (Version 7.0, Chicago, IL). P GT>GE). The flavor and aftertaste of GB was more acceptable (p
Intracellular targeting and clearance of oligomeric alpha-synuclein alleviates toxicity in mammalian cells

Intracellular clearance of toxic protein aggregates represents a promising therapeutic approach to treat protein-misfolding diseases such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Intracelluarly expressed antibody fragments or intrabodies can be used to bind specific intracellular targets. Addition of a non-traditional secretion signal sequence enables the intrabody to first bind its target inside the cell and then shuttle the bound target through the cell membrane, secreting it from the cell. We intracellularly expressed two different single chain antibody (scFv) fragments targeting either monomeric or oligomeric alpha-synuclein (a-syn), in a mammalian cell model that overexpresses a-syn. Two versions of each intrabody were studied, one with and one without the non-traditional secretion signal. The scFv targeting monomeric a-syn provided little or no reduction in toxicity induced by overexpression of a-syn, however binding and secretion of oligomeric a-syn totally reduced toxicity. Non-traditional intrabody secretion therefore represents an effective method to target and clear a variety of harmful intracellular species.
Studies on the deoxyribonucleic acids from bacteriophages of Micrococcus lysodeikticus.

Abstract A physicochemical study of the DNA molecules from three bacteriophages, N1, N5, and N6, which infect the bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus , has been made. The molecular weights, as measured by both electron microscopy and sedimentation velocity, are 23 × 10 6 for N5 DNA and 31 × 10 6 for N1 and N6 DNA's. All three DNA's are capable of thermally reversible cyclization. N1 and N6 DNA's have identical or very similar base sequences as judged by membrane filter hybridization and by electron microscope heteroduplex studies. They have identical or similar cohesive ends. These results are in accord with the close biological relation between N1 and N6 phages. N5 DNA is not closely related to N1 or N6 DNA. The denaturation T m of all three DNA's is the same and corresponds to a (GC) content of 70%. However, the buoyant densities in CsCl of N1 and N6 DNA's are lower than expected, corresponding to predicted GC contents of 64 and 67%. The buoyant densities in Cs 2 SO 4 are also somewhat anomalous. The buoyant density anomalies are probably due to the presence of odd bases. However, direct base composition analysis of N1 DNA by anion exchange chromatography confirms a GC content of 70%, and, in the elution system used, no peaks due to odd bases are present.
Product sustainability improvement based on performance of product components

The sustainability target method (STM) provides a practical sustainability target for individual businesses and products through determining the relative indicator resource productivity (RP) for environmental performance and the absolute indicator eco-efficiency (EE) for sustainability. This paper investigates an optimal decision making approach for a company to improve its product's sustainability using the STM indicators RP and EE of the product components. Sensitivity analysis is used to provide a methodology to indicate which components should receive attention to make the overall product more sustainable. The feasibility of the approach is validated using a case study of a generalized product consisting of multiple components, which relates easily to circuit board assemblies and other types of electronic products.
Aggregate suppression for enterprise search engines

Many enterprise websites provide search engines to facilitate customer access to their underlying documents or data. With the web interface of such a search engine, a customer can specify one or a few keywords that he/she is interested in; and the search engine returns a list of documents/tuples matching the user-specified keywords, sorted by an often-proprietary scoring function.It was traditionally believed that, because of its highly-restrictive interface (i.e., keyword search only, no SQL-style queries), such a search engine serves its purpose of answering individual keyword-search queries without disclosing big-picture aggregates over the data which, as we shall show in the paper, may incur significant privacy concerns to the enterprise. Nonetheless, recent work on sampling and aggregate estimation over a search engine's corpus through its keyword-search interface transcends this traditional belief. In this paper, we consider a novel problem of suppressing sensitive aggregates for enterprise search engines while maintaining the quality of answers provided to individual keyword-search queries. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our novel techniques through theoretical analysis and extensive experimental studies.
Chronic stress and comfort foods: self-medication and abdominal obesity

Central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) networks are recruited by chronic stressors and elevated glucocorticoids (GCs) that initiate recruitment of central CRF activity in the amygdala. Increased central activity of the CRF network stimulates all monoaminergic cell groups, as well as premotor autonomic and other limbic structures resulting in the typical arousal, behavioral changes, autonomic, and neuroendocrine changes that accompany the chronic imposition of a stressor. By contrast, elevated GCs appear, through a variety of means to counteract the effects of central CRF, which they have initiated. Together with insulin, the GCs stimulate drive for and ingestion of "comfort foods" that may directly result in reduction of the negative effects of the chronic stressor in the nucleus Accumbens, through stimulation of the anterior, more pleasure-associated part of this cell group, thus reducing the weight of the stress-stimulated posterior, more defensive part. Furthermore, the shift in caloric intake from chow to preference for "comfort foods," together with elevated GCs and insulin, reorganize energy stores from a peripheral to a central distribution, primarily as abdominal fat. A signal associated with this fat depot appears, as with eating "comfort foods," to reduce the influence of the chronic stress network on behaviors, autonomic, and neuroendocrine outflow.
Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest : the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties

Our objective is to describe a multi-layer model of C 3canopy processes that effectively simulates hourly CO 2 and latent energy(LE) fluxes in a mixed deciduous Quercus-Acer (oak-maple) stand in central Massachusetts, USA . The key hypothesis governing the biological component of the model is that stomatal conductance (g s) is varied so that daily carbon uptake per unit of foliar nitrogen is maximized within the limitations of canopy water availability . The hydraulic system is modelled as an analogue to simple electrical circuits in parallel, including a separate soil hydraulic resistance, plant resistance and plant capacitance for each canopy layer . Stomatal opening is initially controlled to conserve plant water stores and delay the onset of water stress . Stomatal closure at a threshold minimum leaf water potential prevents xylem cavitation and controls the maximum rate of water flux through the hydraulic system . We show a strong correlation between predicted hourly CO 2 exchange rate (r2= 0.86) andLE (r2= 0.87) with independent whole-forest measurements made by the eddy correlation method during the summer of 1992. Our theoretical derivation shows that observed relationships between CO 2assimilation andLE flux can be explained on the basis of stomatal behaviour optimizing carbon gain, and provides an explicit link between canopy structure, soil properties, atmospheric conditions and stomatal conductance .
Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: the evidence behind the options

The introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) to HIV treatment combinations in 1996 has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. Since the 1990s, multiple PIs have been approved, with several boosted PI regimens recognized as first-line regimens in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients. While the current guidelines recommend non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-, PI- and integrase inhibitor-based regimens as equal alternatives in ART-naive patients, there are clearly selected patients for whom PI-based regimens appear to be the best option because of specific toxicity or dosing issues. Due to the multiple options of therapy available for ART-naive patients, providers initiating PI-based ART can individualize therapy based on patient characteristics and needs, including pre-treatment resistance, drug ‐drug interactions, adverse effect profiles and co-morbid conditions. Here, we discuss the current recommendations and recent guidelines, and the evidence available for various PI-based ART regimens in treatment-naive patients. We also discuss adverse effects and the use of PIs in special circumstances.
On Naturalizing Kant's Transcendental Psychology

Rejetant l'interpretation naturalisante de P. Kitcher, l'A. souligne la coherence et l'importance des notions de conscience de soi et spontaneite dans le projet kantien de la «Critique de la raison pure». Abordant la question du sujet de la psychologie transcendantale, l'A. conclut a l'inegalite avec le soi empirique, ainsi qu'a l'irreductibilite a une entite noumenale inaccessible a la connaissance
Eight New Species of Chiasmodolon from South America (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae)

Eight new species are added to the genus Chiasmodolon, C. infraspina, C. lozadai, and C. guttatus from Peru; C. guianae from French Guiana; and C. anchylus, C. nodus, C. eluphus and C. circulus from Colombia.
Stability of Aspirin in Liquid and Semisolid Bases III: Effect of Citric and Tartaric Acids on Decomposition in a Polyethylene Glycol Base

The decomposition of aspirin in a polyethylene glycol base was inhibited by citric and tartaric acids at 45, 26, and 4°. Even in the presence of added water, citric acid tended to slow the decomposition process while several other additives failed to influence it.
AN ANALYSIS OF A DISCRETE COMPLEX SKILL USING BERNSTEIN'S STAGES OF LEARNING '

Sumn:ay.-The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data about changes in coordination after practicing a racquetball forehand drive serve. Novice women (N= 10) were videotaped before and after 10 min. of practicing a racquetball forehand drive serve on Day 1, and after 10-min. practice sessions on consecutive Days 2 through 5. The PEAK5 Motion Measurement System was used to evaluate the following dependent variables: (a) range of motion of the wrist, elbow, upper torso, and pelvis From backswing to ball contact; (b) racket head velocity at ball contact; and (c) coordination. Coordination was evaluated based on analysis of the angular velocity graphs of each performance to assess sequencing and timing of the segmental conrriburions. Shared positive contribution was assessed between adjacent 2-segment combinations: ~elvis-torso and elbow-wrist. A repeated-measures analvsis of variance indicated racket velocity, pelvic rotation, and upper torso rotation significantly increased over the 5 days of practice. Although participants increased their pelvic and torso ranges of motion and racket velocity, improvement in coordination was not documented.
Frequency trimming and Q-factor enhancement of micromechanical resonators via localized filament annealing

A batch-compatible, post-fabrication annealing technique based upon filament-like heating of microstructures is demonstrated as an effective means for trimming the resonance frequencies (f/sub 0/'s) and increasing the quality factors (Q's) of surface-micromachined, polysilicon, mechanical resonators. Although the technique is straightforward, involving the mere application of a suitable voltage between the anchors of a micromechanical resonator, it provides a substantial range of adjustment, with frequency trims of over 2.7% and Q increases of up to 600%, depending upon resonator fabrication history. By pulsing the anneal voltage waveforms, controlled frequency trims of less than 16 ppm per trial are achievable.
New genomic resources for switchgrass: a BAC library and comparative analysis of homoeologous genomic regions harboring bioenergy traits

Background: Switchgrass, a C4 species and a warm-season grass native to the prairies of North America, has been targeted for development into an herbaceous biomass fuel crop. Genetic improvement of switchgrass feedstock traits through marker-assisted breeding and biotechnology approaches calls for genomic tools development. Establishment of integrated physical and genetic maps for switchgrass will accelerate mapping of value added traits useful to breeding programs and to isolate important target genes using map based cloning. The reported polyploidy series in switchgrass ranges from diploid (2X = 18) to duodecaploid (12X = 108). Like in other large, repeat-rich plant genomes, this genomic complexity will hinder whole genome sequencing efforts. An extensive physical map providing enough information to resolve the homoeologous genomes would provide the necessary framework for accurate assembly of the switchgrass genome. Results: A switchgrass BAC library constructed by partial digestion of nuclear DNA with EcoRI contains 147,456 clones covering the effective genome approximately 10 times based on a genome size of 3.2 Gigabases (~1.6 Gb effective). Restriction digestion and PFGE analysis of 234 randomly chosen BACs indicated that 95% of the clones contained inserts, ranging from 60 to 180 kb with an average of 120 kb. Comparative sequence analysis of two homoeologous genomic regions harboring orthologs of the rice OsBRI1 locus, a low-copy gene encoding a putative protein kinase and associated with biomass, revealed that orthologous clones from homoeologous chromosomes can be unambiguously distinguished from each other and correctly assembled to respective fingerprint contigs. Thus, the data obtained not only provide genomic resources for further analysis of switchgrass genome, but also improve efforts for an accurate genome sequencing strategy. Conclusions: The construction of the first switchgrass BAC library and comparative analysis of homoeologous harboring OsBRI1 orthologs present a glimpse into the switchgrass genome structure and complexity. Data obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using HICF fingerprinting to resolve the homoeologous chromosomes of the two distinct genomes in switchgrass, providing a robust and accurate BAC-based physical platform for this species. The genomic resources and sequence data generated will lay the foundation for deciphering the switchgrass genome and lead the way for an accurate genome sequencing strategy.
Generation of high power 140 GHz microwaves with an FEL for the MTX experiment

We have used the improved ETA-II linear induction accelerator (ETA-III) and the IMP steady-state wiggler to generate high power (1-2 GW) microwaves at 140 GHz. The FEL was used in an amplifier configuration with a gyrotron driver. Improved control of energy sweep and computerized magnetic alignment in ETA-III resulted in small beam corkscrew motion ( >
Adaptive computation control of variable complexity fano decoders

We propose a novel computation control method for variable-complexity Fano decoders with buffers. Our method substantially lowers the rates of data block loss associated with conventional Fano decoders. For reasonably large buffer sizes, our method outperforms Layland's buffer management scheme with block loss rates close to the theoretical lower bound.
Respiratory arrest in patients undergoing arteriovenous graft placement with supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a case series

Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is commonly used for upper extremity surgery. Respiratory arrest in three patients with end-stage renal disease after ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block for creation of an arteriovenous graft over a 6-month period is presented. Patients with renal failure may represent a group at particular risk for respiratory failure following supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
A Mechanistic Model of Top of the Line Corrosion

A mechanistic model is developed to predict the general cor- rosion rate at the top of a gas pipeline. This model covers the three main processes involved in the top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) phenomena: the dropwise condensation, the behavior of the chemistry in the condensed water, and the corrosion at the steel surface. The dropwise condensation process is mod- eled based on the heat and mass-transfer theory and is used to predict the condensation rate. The breakdown of species concentrations in the droplet is established through the main thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium. The general corro- sion rate is predicted using the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions at the steel surface and by taking into account the mass-transfer and chemical reactions occurring inside the droplet. Finally, the accuracy of the predictions of the model is evaluated by comparison with experimental data.
The correct name for a section of Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae)

In 1953, Hara provided new combinations for many sectional and species names when he combined Jussiaea L. with Ludwigia L., and at the time, Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum (Micheli) H.Hara was the correct name for one well-defined section. However, subsequent changes to/clarifications of the botanical code have necessitated a change for that name in that now an autonym is treated as having priority over the name or names of the same date and rank that established it. Since Hara’s combination was based on Jussiaea sect. Oligospermum Micheli, the correct name for this section is Ludwigia sect. Jussiaea (L.) Hoch, W.L.Wagner, & P.H.Raven.
Baboon corpus luteum: autonomous pulsatile progesterone secretion and evidence for an intraluteal oscillator demonstrated by in vitro microretrodialysis.

Pulsatility of serum progesterone (P) is usually ascribed to stimulation of the corpus luteum (CL) by pulsatile release of pituitary LH. We investigated P secretion by the primate CL by performing microretrodialysis on 6 fresh CL obtained at laparotomy from baboons (Papio anubis) with well defined menstrual cycles. Individually microdialyzed for 24-26 h with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and Ham's F-12 enriched with HEPES buffer in a perifusion chamber, the retrodialyzed fluid was collected every 10 min and measured for P, estradiol, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by specific and sensitive RIAs. The chronodynamics of hormone secretion were analyzed for pulse detection by PC-Pulsar 3.0. All 6 CL (2 each from early, LH +1 to +5; mid, LH +6 to +10; and late luteal phases, LH +11 to +15) demonstrated pulsatile secretion of P in vitro, with distinct and detectable peaks over the 24-26 h studied. The CL secreted 23-27 pulses of P in 24 h in early luteal, 8-20 pulses in midluteal, and 6-19 pulses in late ...
PEM-ID: Identifying people by gait-matching using cameras and wearable accelerometers

The ability to localize and identify multiple people is paramount to the inference of high-level activities for informed decision-making. In this paper, we describe the PEM-ID system, which uniquely identifies people tagged with accelerometer nodes in the video output of preinstalled infrastructure cameras. For this, we introduce a new distance measure between signals comprised of timestamps of gait landmarks, and utilize it to identify each tracked person from the video by pairing them with a wearable accelerometer node.
Gaps in Scientific Knowledge About the Carcinogenic Potential of Asphalt/Bitumen Fumes

Despite a relatively large body of published research, the potential carcinogenicity of asphalt/bitumen fumes is still a vexing question. Various uncertainties and gaps in scientific knowledge need to be addressed. These include uncertainties in chemistry, animal studies, and human studies. The chemistry of asphalt/bitumen fumes is complex and varies according to the source of the crude oil and the application parameters. The epidemiological studies, while showing weak evidence of lung cancer, are inconsistent and many confounding factors have not been addressed. Studies of animal exposure are also inconsistent regarding laboratory and field-generated fumes. There is a need for further human studies that address potential confounding factors such as smoking, diet, coal tar, and diesel exposures. Animal inhalation studies need to be conducted with asphalt/bitumen fumes that are chemically representative of roofing and paving fumes. Underlying all of this is the need for continued characterization of fumes ...
Trimodality treatment (TMT) for locally advanced esophageal cancer in Pakistan; Analysis of prognostic factors influencing survival

15185 Background: The prognosis of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer is poor. TMT for locally advanced esophageal cancer is being utilized with increasing frequency. In this study, w...
Enhanced whole body maximal aerobic capacity following 12-weeks of alternating single-leg knee extension training (706.4)

Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) is primarily limited by the delivery of oxygen to active tissue, however the role of the peripheral tissues in limiting VO2max is unclear. The cardiovascular system and the skeletal muscle both respond favorably to aerobic exercise training, but it is unknown to what extent an improved skeletal muscle phenotype in the absence of altered cardiovascular function enhances VO2max. Thus, we employed an alternating single-leg knee extension exercise training protocol to limit training adaptations to the skeletal muscle and assessed the skeletal muscle phenotype and whole body aerobic capacity. Eight sedentary volunteers (20±1 y; VO2max: 2.5±0.3 L.min-1) completed the 12-week progressive alternating single-leg training. Subjects underwent testing to determine whole body VO2max, single-leg peak workload, muscle function and a DXA scan before and after training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained to assess muscle fiber type and fiber size. Following training there were increas...
On White Scholars Teaching Federal Indian Law

As I wrote in the Editor’s Preface of the issue in which this essay appears, this essay "is a meditation I wrote on the delicate racial dynamics at play when a white scholar lectures (or presumes to lecture) on the subject of Federal Indian Law before a Native American audience."
Role of amino terminus in voltage gating and junctional rectification of Shaking B innexins.

Rectifying electrical synapses are rare gap junctions that favor transmission of signals in one direction. Such synapses have been identified in neural systems, including those mediating rapid esca...
Electrokinetic experimental studies in borehole modelII:localized and radiated seismoelectric field

Electrokinetic effects which refer to the coupling between elastic and electromagnetic fields in fluid-saturated porous media have wide geophysical applications,and potential usage in the petroleum exploration.Such effects are related to the relative motion between the solid phase and the pore fluid,due to the electric double layer existing nearby the solid-fluid surface.In this study,electrokinetic measurements are conducted in different borehole models,the localized electrokinetic signals generated in homogeneous medium and radiating electrokinetic signals generated at an interface between different media are recorded and analyzed.Then the conditions of these two kinds of electrokinetic signal and its propagation properties are compared with electrokinetic theory.The relationship between electrokinetic signals and acoustic signals is studied based on experimental data.Then we discuss the influences of source excitation mode,electrode reception mode on electrokinetic signals.The results show that the source modes(monopole or dipole)have great influences on the propagation properties of electrokinetic signals,which is important for the design of electrokinetic logging instrument andthe logging data process.The experimental measurements in different boreholes also suggested that the electrokinetic logging might be a potential technique for the oil exploration.
Quantifying the Ion Atmosphere of Unfolded, Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids

Secondary structure formation in nucleic acids (NAs) is strongly dependent on the local ion atmosphere, which screens the negative charge of the NA and reduces self-repulsion. Consideration of such interactions must include both the folded and unfolded states, as both contribute to the free energy of folding. The interaction of ions with folded, double-helical NAs has been studied with a variety of experimental techniques and, at the level of monovalent ions, is well captured by solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. However, comparatively little is known, experimentally or theoretically, about ion interactions with the unfolded, random-coil state.Here, we report on the ion atmosphere of unfolded, single-stranded DNA and RNA by measuring the ion excess: the number of cations surrounding the negatively charged macromolecule above the number due to the bulk salt concentration. We used two independent approaches to make these measurements. In one, we took advantage of the existing results for folded NAs and used a single-molecule differential ion counting approach to connect those results to the unfolded state. In the other, we directly measured the ion excess of the unfolded state through equilibrium dialysis read out by atomic emission spectroscopy. The two methods are complementary and give consistent results, which we interpret in light of recent findings on the conformation of flexible polyelectrolytes.