cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intervention to improve adherence to ACC/AHA recommended adjunctive medications for the management of patients with an acute myocardial infarction.

Background: The most recent published guidelines regarding management of patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) advocate the administration of aspirin (ASA), beta blockers (BB), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and discourages the use of calcium-channel blockers (CCB). Previous data collected in our region from the National Registry (NR) showed a dismal compliance with these guidelines. In an attempt to increase physician awareness and to optimize implementation of recommended guidelines, a cardiac and pharmacy steering committee was created. Methods: The pharmacist assigned to the project identified all patients admitted with an AMI using troponin-I and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) reports. The pharmacist then contacted physicians to make recommendations if an adjunctive medication was not prescribed for a patient with no apparent contraindications. Administration rates for ASA, BB, ACEi, and CCB were then assessed and compared with the previously obtained baseline data from the NR. Results: At admission, the use of ASA increased from 70 to 72%, BB from 45 to 72%, and ACEi from 12 to 44%. In terms of medications at discharge, ASA use increased from 74 to 88%. BB from 55 to 76%, and ACEi from 30 to 40%. In addition, the prescription rates for CCB at discharge decreased from 36 to 21%. Conclusions: An interdisciplinary approach for disease management is an effective method for improving adherence to treatment guidelines simply with pharmacy intervention. the percentage of patients receiving the recommended adjunctive medications increased significantly. We propose that these guidelines should be periodically inserviced to physicians. Furthermore, patient counseling sessions should also be instituted to help reinforce the importance of compliance with the medications after discharge, as well as lipid management and smoking cessation.
ATR/ATM Targets Are Phosphorylated by ATR in Response to Hypoxia and ATM in Response to Reoxygenation

The ATR kinase phosphorylates both p53 and Chk1 in response to extreme hypoxia (oxygen concentrations of less than 0.02%). In contrast to ATR, loss of ATM does not affect the phosphorylation of these or other targets in response to hypoxia. However, hypoxia within tumors is often transient and is inevitably followed by reoxygenation. We hypothesized that ATR activity is induced under hypoxic conditions because of growth arrest and ATM activity increases in response to the oxidative stress of reoxygenation. Using the comet assay to detect DNA damage, we find that reoxygenation induced significant amounts of DNA damage. Two ATR/ATM targets, p53 serine 15 and histone H2AX, were both phosphorylated in response to hypoxia in an ATR-dependent manner. These phosphorylations were then maintained in response to reoxygenation-induced DNA damage in an ATM-dependent manner. The reoxygenation-induced p53 serine 15 phosphorylation was inhibited by the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), indicating that free radical-induced DNA damage was mediated by reactive oxygen species. Taken together these data implicate both ATR and ATM as critical roles in the response of hypoxia and reperfusion in solid tumors.
Efficient light trapping in silicon solar cells by ultrafast-laser-induced self-assembled micro/nano structures

A novel ultrafast laser processing technique is used to create self-assembled micro/nano structures on a silicon surface for efficient light trapping. Under appropriate experimental conditions, light reflection (including scattering) of the Si surface has been reduced to less than 3% for the entire solar spectrum and the material appears completely black to the naked eye. A post-chemical cleaning is applied to remove laser-redeposited material and induced defects. Optical, morphological, and structural characterizations have been carried out on as-laser-treated and post-chemically cleaned surfaces. Finally, we report for the first time the total efficiency of over 14% and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) results on photovoltaic devices fabricated on the ultrafast-laser-induced micro/nano structured silicon wafer, which can be further improved upon process optimization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MASS AND CHARGE STATE ASSIGNMENT FOR PROTEINS AND PEPTIDE MIXTURES VIA NONCOVALENT ADDUCTION IN ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY

A method has been developed that takes advantage of the formation of noncovalent compounds in electrospray mass spectrometry. Mixtures of proteins and peptides are shown to produce an intense ion that corresponds to a 1:1 complex with a crown ether (18-crown-6). Although the crown ether may be added directly to the solution, for the current experiments it is introduced via the methanol liquid sheath. The spacing of these complexed species in the mass spectrum allows unambiguous determination of the charge state of the ions and their actual mass. Through constant neutral loss scans, charge state may be determined, mass assigned, spectra simplified, and chemical noise may be reduced for the analysis of complex peptide samples without Chromatographic separation. Finally, the prevalence of single complexation permits mass assignments based on the mass difference of a single protein ion and its complexed form at any charge state. In essence, the method performs a separation based on charge state. It can be used to complement Chromatographic separation and deconvolution algorithms for the electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of peptide-protein mixtures.
On the magneto-optical activity of singlet-triplet transitions in near-symmetric tops☆

Abstract Expressions are derived for the magnetic rotational strengths associated with singlet-triplet transitions in molecules which are Hund's coupling case (b) near-symmetric tops. The analysis closely parallels that developed by Hougen in his treatment of dipole intensities in these systems.
Erratum to: Magnetite induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells

P. Ravichandran R. Gopikrishnan S. Biradar V. Goornavar G. T. Ramesh J. C. Hall (&) Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA e-mail: jchall@nsu.edu Fig. 5 b LE cells were seeded equally and exposed to magnetite (1, 10, and 20 lg), cultured for 24 h and live and dead cells were visualized based on dye-uptake method and photographed. Dead cells were counted, and % of dead cells were calculated and shown below
Matter at high densities

The equation of state of matter in its most stable form at different densities ϱ and at zero temperature is discussed. Using effective range theory and the low density limit of the nuclear many-body formalism, the energy and pressure of a neutron gas is calculated at densities where the interparticle distance is large compared with the effective range. Energy and pressure of a neutron gas at densities comparable to nuclear densities are estimated next, using a semiempirical method. Most probably neutron matter is not bound at any density. Coulomb effects and the effect of beta-decays are considered and it is found that free neutrons are at equilibrium with ionized nuclei like Tc145 at a density of about 3 × 1011 g/cc with an electron Fermi energy of about 23 Mev. For the unlikely case of bound neutron matter an “electron skin” surrounding large neutron drops contributes a negative surface tension and neutron drops of radius about 100 fermis would probably be most stable. At densities above 1015 g/cc hyperons coexist with protons and neutrons and their effect on the pressure is considered. Finally, at very high densities, a simple approximation is given for the pressure due to the proximity of the hard repulsive cores of nuclear forces.
Adaptive algorithms for set containment joins

A set containment join is a join between set-valued attributes of two relations, whose join condition is specified using the subset (⊆) operator. Set containment joins are deployed in many database applications, even those that do not support set-valued attributes. In this article, we propose two novel partitioning algorithms, called the Adaptive Pick-and-Sweep Join (APSJ) and the Adaptive Divide-and-Conquer Join (ADCJ), which allow computing set containment joins efficiently. We show that APSJ outperforms previously suggested algorithms for many data sets, often by an order of magnitude. We present a detailed analysis of the algorithms and study their performance on real and synthetic data using an implemented testbed.
An apprentice-based approach to knowledge acquisition

Abstract We explore here the feasibility of learning apprentice programs: interactive knowledge-based assistants that learn by observing and analyzing the problem-solving steps of their users. In particular, we describe a learning apprentice for digital circuit design, called LEAP. LEAP learns feasible ways of decomposing circuit modules into submodules, as well as the recommended method when there are competing feasible decompositions. VBL is an explanation-based learning technique used in LEAP to infer problem-reduction operators for decomposing circuit modules. PED is a general extension of explanation-based learning to incomplete domain theories containing determinations. PED is used in LEAP to learn control rules for ranking alternative decompositions as well as to extend LEAP's partial theory of circuit cost. An experimental study shows that by using this approach LEAP can learn a significant subset of a manually created knowledge base for boolean circuit design. The experimental study also reveals some limitations of LEAP, and more generally suggests directions for further research in building effective learning apprentice systems.
S. Chandrasekhar and magnetohydrodynamics

This chapter summarizes the many fundamental contributions of Chandrasekhar to the subject of hydromagnetics or magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with particular attention to the generation, static equilibrium, and dynamical stability-instability of magnetic field in various idealized settings with conceptual application to astronomical problems. His interest in MHD seems to have arisen first in connection with the turbulence of electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field, sparked by Heisenberg's (1948a,b) formulation of an equation for the energy spectrum function F(k) of statistically isotropic homogeneous hydrodynamic turbulence. From there Chandrasekhar's attention moved to the nature of the magnetic field along the spiral arm of the Galaxy (with E. Fermi), inferred from the polarization of starlight then recently discovered by Hall (1949) and Hiltner (1949, 1951). The polarization implied a magnetic field along the galactic arm, which played a key role in understanding the confinement of cosmic rays to the Galaxy. The detection and measurement of the longitudinal Zeeman effect in the spectra of several stars (Babcock and Babcock 1955) suggested the next phase of Chandrasekhar's investigations, in which he explored the combined effects of magnetic field, internal motion, and overall rotation on the figure of a star in stationary ( ∂/∂t = 0) equilibrium. Chandrasekhar and his students did some of the first work in formulating the quasi-linear field equations for the pressure, fluid velocity, and magnetic field in axisymmetric gravitating bodies. From there his thinking turned to the generation of the magnetic fields of planets and stars by the convective motions of the electrically conducting fluid in their interiors. Now the outer atmosphere of planets, stars, and galaxies are so tenuous that in most cases the atmospheres do not exert significant forces on the strong external magnetic fields of these objects, so that the external magnetic field is “force-free”, i.e., the Lorentz force, given by the divergence ∂Tij / ∂xj of the Maxwell stress tensor T ij, is negligible. The special properties of these force-free fields provide a particularly elegant mathematical formalism in the axisymmetric case. Subsequently the challenging problem of laboratory plasmas confined in strong magnetic fields attracted Chandrasekhar's interest and, with A. N. Kaufman and K. M. Watson, he developed a perturbation solution to the collisionless Boltzmann
Temperature-dependent thermal properties of a paraffin phase change material embedded with herringbone style graphite nanofibers

Abstract In many studies, carbon nanoparticles with high values of thermal conductivity (10–3000 W/m K) have been embedded into phase change thermal energy storage materials (PCMs) in order to enhance their bulk thermal properties. While a great deal of work to date has focused on determining the effect of these nanoparticles on a PCM’s solid phase thermal properties, little is known about their effect on its liquid phase thermal properties. Thus, in this study, the effect of implanting randomly oriented herringbone style graphite nanofibers (HGNF, average diameter = 100 nm, average length = 20 μm) on the bulk thermal properties of an organic paraffin PCM (IGI 1230A, Tmelt = 329.15 K) in both the solid and liquid phase is quantified. The bulk thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of HGNF/PCM nanocomposites are obtained as a function of temperature and HGNF volume loading level. It is found that the property enhancement varies significantly depending on the material phase. In order to explain the difference between solid and liquid phase thermal properties, heat flow at the nanoparticle–PCM and nanoparticle–nanoparticle interfaces is examined as a function of HGNF loading level and temperature. To do this, the solid and liquid phase thermal boundary resistances (TBRs) between the nanoparticles and the surrounding PCM and/or between contacting nanoparticles are found. Results suggest that the TBR at the HGNF–PCM interface is nearly double the TBR across the HGNF–HGNF interface in both solid and liquid phases. However, both the HGNF–PCM and HGNF–HGNF TBRs are at least an order of magnitude lower when the PCM is in its solid phase versus when the PCM is in its liquid phase. Finally, the effect of nanofiber concentration on the PCM’s latent heat of fusion and melt temperature is investigated in order to determine the applicability of the HGNF/PCM nanocomposite in a wide variety of energy systems.
DNA-driven assembly of bidisperse, micron-sized colloids

Oligonucleotides are unique chemical moieties that can serve as a useful assembly tool. Unlike most bioadhesion molecules that bind together with high affinity, the attraction between complementary DNA strands can vary greatly depending on strand characteristics (e.g., length and sequence choice) and solution conditions (e.g., ionic strength and temperature). We have studied DNA-mediated assembly of micron-sized, bidisperse mixtures using primarily optical and confocal microscopy. To increase hybridization efficiency between complementary strands, DNA sequences were designed to have a low self-affinity that minimizes intrastrand loop and hairpin formations. Single strands of biotinylated DNA were tethered to NeutrAvidin-coated 1.10 and 1.87 micron beads. The resulting oligonucleotide density on the large bead surface was quantified using flow cytometry. In binary mixtures, we found we could vary the degree of binding between complementary beads depending on the number of matching pairs and the ionic stren...
Transient surface Debye-Waller effect

Time-resolved techniques are applied to issues of vibrational energy transfer at surfaces. Primary attention is given to the relaxation of vibrationally excited diatomic adsorbates on metals. The sensitivity of the vibrational decay rate to the number of metal atoms in the solid is demonstrated. Preliminary results for the transient response of CO on Pt(111) are also reported. This latter measurement demonstrates the recently developed capability of monitoring adsorbate energy transfer processes at well defined surface sites. The observations appear to be consistent with relaxation through the excitation of electron/hole pairs in the substrate.
A New Critical Phenomenon for Semilinear Parabolic Problems

Abstract We study the Cauchy problem of the inhomogeneous semilinear parabolic equations Δu + up − ut + w = 0 onMn × (0, ∞) with initial valueu0 ≥ 0, whereMnis a Riemannian manifold with possibly nonnegative Ricci curvature. There is an exponentp* which is critical in the following sense. When 1 p* the problem has a global positive solution for somew = w(x) > 0 and someu0 ≥ 0.
mediation, dependency, and the goals of development

Despite the recent interest in intermediary roles and structures as a focus for inquiry into the articulation between societal levels, the impact of mediation on programs of socioeconomic development is unclear. Two divergent but similarly typological views of mediation dominate the literature. This article argues that a clear, comparative understanding of the relationship between mediation and development requires replacement of prevailing typological approaches with an analysis of linkage mechanisms that function under specified conditions and with variable outcomes. Using case material from a federally sponsored cooperative development program in California, a contingency model of mediation is proposed that analyzes differential impacts on development, [political anthropology, mediation, dependency, ethnicity, rural development]
The use of computers in government: A look at municipal fire services

Abstract Today, public managers are faced with a set of countervailing forces: increased demand for service and program delivery at the local level coupled with diminished resources for providing such services. There is one area that will profit from these developments, and this is the field of data management and computer technology. Through an examination of the municipal information system for fire-related services, the author discusses the difficulties in integrating the technology with the organization's operating and political environment. A series of recommendations for approaching such difficulties are offered and an integrated approach advocated.
The Value of Practice-Based Knowledge

Increasing recognition of the value of practice-based or experiential knowledge in natural resource management justifies the creation of a new category of articles in Society & Natural Resources that we are calling Practice-Based Knowledge (PBK). The rationale for focusing on PBK is due to its key role in the emergence of hybrid governance institutions across state, market, and civil society, understanding the complexity of dynamic socioecological systems, recognizing the challenges of multiple knowledge systems and context-specific practices, embracing the power of informal institutions and civic science, and engaging debates on the growing prevalence of market-oriented conservation. The goal is to provide a dedicated space within the published, peer-reviewed literature for scholars, government officials, nonprofit managers, and engaged citizens to share experiences informed by practical action. Relevant and timely practice-based insights may improve understanding and management of social and ecological ...
Computer Simulation of the Pharyngeal Bolus Transport of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programme was used to study dysphagia, a swallowing disorder, and demonstrated that the rheological properties of a liquid affect the pharyngeal transport of a food bolus. A fully coupled, Newton-Raphson solution algorithm was used in conjunction with the Backward–Euler scheme. Concomitant axial and radial movement of the fluid bolus was assumed, and the force exerted by the base of the tongue was assumed to be linear. Boundary conditions were based on data published in the clinical literature. The properties of three fluid types were modelled: water ( ρ = 1000 kg m −3 , η = 0.001 Pa s), 250% w/v barium sulfate mixture ( ρ = 1800 kg m −3 , η = 0.150 Pa s), and and starch-thickened beverage (power law parameters K = 2.0 Pa s n , n = 0.7). Results show that when the base of the tongue pushes against the throat with the same amount of force, water is transported through the pharynx at a much higher flow rate than the barium sulphate mixture, causing parts of the water bolus to flow backwards. A typical starch-thickened beverage, which is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid, undergoes much lower flow rates. Furthermore, under the same conditions, a smaller volume of the non-Newtonian bolus (2 mL compared to 20 mL of the Newtonian fluids) is passed through by the end of the swallow. Values for the time to swallow a critical bolus volume, t cv , show that non-Newtonian fluids increase swallowing time more effectively than Newtonian fluids and are thus safer to swallow for patients with dysphagia. These findings suggest that non-Newtonian foods may either slow down the swallowing process or trigger the subject to swallow a smaller amount, allowing the neuromuscular system more time to shut off air passages and reduce the risk of aspiration. Based on this simple CFD modelling of the swallowing process, the effects of fluid properties on bolus transit can be predicted.
Gasoline-range hydrocarbons produced from microwave-induced pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene over ZSM-5

Abstract The microwave-induced pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (a model of waste plastics) toward its conversion into biofuels was investigated using ZSM-5 as a catalyst, generating significant amounts of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. A central composite experimental design (CCD) was done to investigate the effects of catalytic temperature and reactant to catalyst ratio on the pyrolysis-oils composition and to achieve the maximum liquid yield. The optimized condition for maximizing the yield of upgraded oil (32.58 wt.%) was at 450 °C and reactant to catalyst ratio of 2. GC–MS analysis showed that mono-ring aromatic hydrocarbons were enriched and became the most abundant compounds which varied from 74.73% to 88.49% in upgraded pyrolysis-oils, depending on the catalytic pyrolysis conditions. Both low temperature and high reactant to catalyst ratio gave rise to the formation of less desirable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons whereas high temperature and high ratio contributed to mono-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. The primary reaction competing with aromatic hydrocarbon production was the formation of coke which was negligible even at low catalytic temperatures. A plausible reaction mechanism was also proposed in order to shed light on the overall catalytic microwave pyrolysis of LDPE for aromatic hydrocarbons.
Negotiations and International Relations: A Framework for Hydropolitics

Hydropolitics is a relatively new addition to the field of international security and negotiation studies. This article analyzes water, conflict and cooperation in general terms and then examines the case studies presented in this issue within the context of international relations and negotiation studies. In so doing, the article offers a framework in which to consider hydropolitics. This framework supports a process-oriented approach that emphasizes the international context, the regional context and its politics, pertinent intervening variables and the interactions among the parties within their respective negotiations. It demonstrates the necessity of such an integrated approach when analyzing hydropolitical relations among states.
Paternal age related schizophrenia (PARS): latent subgroups detected by k-means clustering analysis

Background Paternal age related schizophrenia (PARS) has been proposed as a subgroup of schizophrenia with distinct etiology, pathophysiology and symptoms. This study uses a k-means clustering analysis approach to generate hypotheses about differences between PARS and other cases of schizophrenia.
Real-Time Considerations in the Design of the Image Understanding Architecture

The Image Understanding Architecture (IUA) is a tightly coupled heterogeneous parallel processor that has been specifically designed for real-time knowledge-based machine vision applications. In particular, the second generation of the IUA is designed to address the demands of the ARPA Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) program in which a small military truck is being developed to carry out scouting missions with minimal human intervention. The UGV carries a large suite of sensors for both navigation and surveillance and the IUA is designed to process the data from these sensors and provide guidance to the actuator control systems of the vehicle. As such it represents one of the first parallel processors to be designed from the ground up for real-time interpretation of complex natural scenes. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the architectural features of the IUA that resulted from the specific real-time requirements imposed by the UGV.
Plasma coupling in CdS

Abstract The coupling between lattice and electron modes is used to explain the shift in the reflectivity minimum associated with impurity concentrations in CdS. The theory works well for large concentrations but fails for small.
Benefit-cost analysis under pricing constraints

The economist makes recommendations in a world full of imperfections. Many of these imperfections will persist and thus must be treated as constraints on the analysis being conducted. Second-best recommendations are thus in order. This paper examines the principles underlying a benefit-cost analysis which must be conducted within the context of a pricing constraint. Specifically, social gains from investment schemes which serve to ameliorate congestion on public facilities are examined under two assumptions about pricing: Policy I-congestion tolls are charged, and Policy II-congestion tolls are not charged. It is seen that when pricing policy is treated as a constraint on the analysis, efficiency may sometimes be served by having projects approved under Policy II that would not be approved under policy I.
Formation and decay of radical-pair state P+I− in Chloroflexus aurantiacus reaction centers

Abstract We have examined the room temperature kinetics of the absorption changes associated with the formation of state P + I − (P + BPh − ) and its subsequent decay to state P + Q − A in reaction centers from Chloroflexus aurantiacus . Our data, acquired using 30-ps excitation flashes, strongly suggest that formation of P + I − (P + BPh − ) takes longer in Chloroflexus than in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides . The reduction of the photoactive bacteriopheophytin (BPh) could take as long as 13 ps. Absorption changes different from those due to P + I − are observed early in the excitation flash, but the detailed identity of the transient remains unclear. We also find that the kinetics observed subsequent to P + I − formation differ with detection wavelength. The time constant measured in the anion band (I − ) at 655 nm is 324 ± 20 ps and probably reflects the rate of electron transfer from I − (BPh − ) to Q A . However, the kinetics measured in the BPh ground-state absorption bands are slightly longer: 365 ± 19 and 367 ± 21 ps at 538 and 760 nm, respectively. At 810 nm, a wavelength normally associated with the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) in the Chloroflexus reaction center, a slightly faster (281 ± 19 ps) time constant is observed. This detection-wavelength dependence of the kinetics is similar to that observed recently in Rps. sphaeroides reaction centers. Comparison of these results suggests that the kinetics observed in the ground-state absorption bands of the BPhs and BChls in Chloroflexus may contain contributions from readjustments of the pigments and/or protein in response to the charge separation process.
Introduction to Virtualization: Environments, Research, and Education Minitrack

Virtualization has undergone a revitalization over the past decade due to increased system performance and the support for virtualization in commodity hardware. Industry is adopting virtualization to reduce operating costs and improve reliability. Academia is looking to improve experiential learning opportunities and building scalable computer laboratories. The resulting "race to the cloud" has brought to light some of the challenges associated with virtualization. This minitrack includes 3 papers that cover a range of virtualization topics, and a panel/open-forum.
The role of apoptosis in sexual differentiation of the rat sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area

The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) in the rat hypothalamus is larger in volume in males than in females due to a larger number of cells in the nucleus. Although the SDN-POA, and its development, have been extensively studied, the actual mechanism of its sexual differentiation has not been established. The results of previous studies have not supported a role for gonadal steroids in the regulation of neurogenesis or the determination of the migratory pathway perinatally. In this study, the role of cell death in the development of the sexual dimorphism in the SDN-POA was investigated using in situ end-labeling to visualize fragmented DNA in apoptotic cells. In the experiments described here, the incidence of apoptosis was determined in part of the SDN-POA, the central division of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc), over the first 13 days postnatally in male and female rats. There was a sex difference in the incidence of apoptosis in the MPNc between postnatal days 7 and 10; the incidence was higher in females. The role of testosterone (T) in regulating the incidence of apoptosis in the developing MPNc was examined in neonatally castrated males following T or vehicle injection. Testosterone had a profound inhibitory effect on the incidence of apoptosis between days 6 and 10. In a control region within the lateral preoptic area, there was no sex difference in the incidence of apoptosis, nor was there an effect of T. Thus, the data indicate that the regulation of apoptosis by T is one mechanism involved in the sexual differentiation of the SDN-POA.
Creep of CoO single crystals

Cobalt monoxide single crystals having a [100] orientation were creep tested in compression over ranges of temperature, stress and oxygen pressure. The creep curves were S-shaped and only the inflection creep rate, e2, was analysed. In the range of 1000 to 1200° C, 850 to 1700 psi and 10−3 to 1 atm oxygen, e2 was given by e2=A po20.45σ7.1exp(− Qc/RT) where Qc=87±6 kcal/mol at 0.01 atm O2 and 100±16 kcal/mol at 1 atm O2. Slip occurred on two orthogonal {011} 〈0¯11〉 slip systems. The presence of subboundaries was observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that the creep rate is controlled by oxygen diffusion.
The Democratic Element in Calvin's Thought

Calvin's political interests had a beginning in his humanistic studies, before his conversion, or commitment to Protestantism. His Commentary on Seneca's De Clementia appeared April 4, 1532. The date of his conversion is much disputed, but there is fairly good evidence for placing it almost exactly two years later, about the time of his visit to Lefevre in April, 1534. His own statements here must be given more weight than those made by Beza after Calvin's death. If, as is probable, he was inwardly half convinced of the Protestant position in 1532, he was, nonetheless, still clinging tenaciously-in his own words "obstinately devoted (adonne)"-to the papacy and had apparently not definitely discarded any of his traditional assumptions with respect to religion. When the Commentary appeared he had very recently completed his law studies. The period of these studies had been animated by his participation in a controversy between the partisans of his two law masters, the eminent French jurist Pierre de l'IRtoile of Orleans and the Italian humanist and legal scholar Andrea Alciati who was lecturing at Bourges. His support of the former against the latter seems to have had no definable bearing upon the development of his political ideas. He may have been moved by French patriotism, or attracted 4ly Igtoile's conservative spirit, and he seems to have formed a low estimate of Alciati on personal grounds.' The Commentary may be compared, though to its disadvantage, with the author's later commentaries on Scripture. It follows the same general method. But while it offers evidence of his careful reading of numerous classical authors, it has only three incidental references to the Bible. Calvin's selection of Seneca's plea for "clemency" as the subject of his study is noteworthy. There is no proof that he intended the book specifically as an admonition to Francis I to cease persecution of Protestants, but it must be thought of in
Increased incidence and recurrence rates of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Rochester Epidemiology Project population-based study in Minnesota.

Background Cutaneous malignancy is associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Objective We sought to identify the incidence and recurrence rate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods NMSC incidence was calculated and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations with risk of recurrence for patients with NHL between 1976 and 2005 who were in the Rochester Epidemiology Project research infrastructure. Results We identified 282 patients with CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma and 435 with non-CLL NHL. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was 1829.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1306.7-2491.1) and 2224.9 (95% CI 1645.9-2941.6), respectively, in patients with CLL. The cumulative recurrence rate at 8 years after treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery was 8.3% (95% CI 0.0%-22.7%) for basal cell carcinoma and 13.4% (95% CI 0.0%-25.5%) for squamous cell carcinoma in patients with CLL. Limitations This was a retrospective cohort study. Conclusions After Mohs micrographic surgery and standard excision of NMSC, patients with NHL had a skin cancer recurrence rate that was higher than expected. Careful treatment and monitoring of patients with NHL and NMSC are warranted.
The Tether Connecting Cytosolic (N Terminus) and Membrane (C Terminus) Domains of Yeast V-ATPase Subunit a (Vph1) Is Required for Assembly of V0 Subunit d

V-ATPases are molecular motors that reversibly disassemble in vivo. Anchored in the membrane is subunit a. Subunit a has a movable N terminus that switches positions during disassembly and reassembly. Deletions were made at residues securing the N terminus of subunit a (yeast isoform Vph1) to its membrane-bound C-terminal domain in order to understand the role of this conserved region for V-ATPase function. Shrinking of the tether made cells pH-sensitive (vma phenotype) because assembly of V0 subunit d was harmed. Subunit d did not co-immunoprecipitate with subunit a and the c-ring. Cells contained pools of V1 and V0(−d) that failed to form V1V0, and very low levels of V-ATPase subunits were found at the membrane. Although subunit d expression was stable and at wild-type levels, growth defects were rescued by exogenous VMA6 (subunit d). Stable V1V0 assembled after yeast cells were co-transformed with VMA6 and mutant VPH1. Tether-less V1V0 was delivered to the vacuole and active. It retained 63–71% of the wild-type activity and was responsive to glucose. Tether-less V1V0 disassembled and reassembled after brief glucose depletion and readdition. The N terminus retained binding to V1 subunits and the C terminus to phosphofructokinase. Thus, no major structural change was generated at the N and C termini of subunit a. We concluded that early steps of V0 assembly and trafficking were likely impaired by shorter tethers and rescued by VMA6.
Arteriographic embolization treatment for postprostatectomy hemorrhage

Abstract Arteriographic localization and successful embolization of severe postprostactectomy bleeding in a sixty-nine-year-old man with bleeding diathesis is reported and emphasized as an important therapeutic modality.
Comparison of particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry measurements in turbulent fluid flow.

The recent paper by Browne et al. compares velocity measurements obtained using both particle image velocimetry ~PIV! and laser Doppler anemometry ~LDA! in steady flow downstream of a St. Jude Medical bileaflet heart valve, where the measurement of principal stresses is paramount. The main conclusion drawn from this work is that the PIV technique is inferior to the LDA technique for use in pulsatile flows, which is not adequately substantiated. In any type of head-to-head comparison between two measurement techniques, extreme care must be taken to ensure that the measurements are obtained under nearly identical conditions and that the measurement errors of the two instruments are clearly stated. In the work of Brown et al., a LDA system was used to collect 3000 samples per point, producing good estimates of the mean velocity and principal stresses. A commercial PIV system was then used to collect 16 PIV velocity vector maps, which where again used to compute both mean velocity and principal stresses, with much less satisfying results. This letter is intended to address four main issues in this comparison: ~1! unequal measurement sample sizes; ~2! omission of the inherent measurement technique errors; ~3! lack of supporting information regarding particle dynamics; and ~4! statements made regarding the sampling rate of the LDA system relative to that of the PIV system. The error in the estimated mean velocity of a set of flow velocity measurements is given by Bevington as
Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline (Zr0.84Y0.16)O1.92?(Ce0.85Sm0.15)O1.925 heterophase thin films

A new type of nanocrystalline samarium-doped-ceria/yttrium-stabilized-zirconia (SDC/YSZ) heterophase thin film electrolytes was synthesized on MgO and Si substrates by spin coating and thermal treatment of SDC-nanoparticle-incorporated polymeric precursors. In the heterophase films, SDC nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in a nanocrystalline YSZ matrix. The heterophase structure was stable when fired in air at temperatures up to 850 Â°C. The nanocrystalline heterophase thin films exhibited electrical conductivities significantly higher than that of the phase-pure YSZ and SDC nanocrystalline thin films at reduced temperatures. The effects of SDC grain size and volume fraction on the electrical conductivity of the heterophase films were also studied.
Superior high-temperature resistance of aluminium nitride particle-reinforced aluminium compared to silicon carbide or alumina particle-reinforced aluminium

Aluminium-matrix composites containing AlN, SiC or Al2O3 particles were fabricated by vacuum infiltration of liquid aluminium into a porous particulate preform under an argon pressure of up to 41 MPa. Al/AlN had similar tensile strengths and higher ductility compared to Al/SiC of similar reinforcement volume fractions at room temperature, but exhibited higher tensile strength arid higher ductility at 300–400 °C and at room temperature after heating at 600 °C for 10–20 days. The ductility of Al/AIN increased with increasing temperature from 22–400 °C, while that of Al/SiC did not change with temperature. At 400 °C, Al/AlN exhibited mainly ductile fracture, whereas Al/SiC exhibited brittle fracture due to particle decohesion. Moreover, Al/AlN exhibited greater resistance to compressive deformation at 525 °C than Al/SiC. The superior high-temperature resistance of Al/AlN is attributed to the lack of a reaction between aluminium and AlN, in contrast to the reaction between aluminium and SiC in Al/SiC. By using Al-20Si-5Mg rather than aluminium as the matrix, the reaction between aluminium and SiC was arrested, resulting in no change in the tensile properties after heating at 500 °C for 20 days. However, the use of Al-20Si-5Mg instead of aluminium as the matrix caused the strength and ductility to decrease by 30% and 70%, respectively, due to the brittleness of Al-20Si-5Mg. Therefore, the use of AIN instead of SiC as the reinforcement is a better way to avoid the filler-matrix reaction. Al/Al2O3 had lower room-temperature tensile strength and ductility compared to both Al/AlN and Al/SiC of similar reinforcement volume fractions, both before and after heating at 600 °C for 10–20 days. Al/Al2O3 exhibited brittle fracture even at room temperature, due to incomplete infiltration resulting from Al2O3 particle clustering.
Scan behavior of U-slot microstrip patch phased array antennas

Ultra-wideband (UWB) phased arrays are increasingly used in radar and medical applications. The scan behavior of 5×5 planar phased arrays using different patch orientations and U-slot topologies is examined for e r = 2.2 substrate. Results indicate that, in addition to low mutual coupling, symmetrical patch orientations, U-slot topologies and feed lines should be sought in the design of U-slot microstrip patch phased array antennas to achieve good scan performance with low cross-polarization.
The 1980 New Mexico prison riot.

The 1980 riot at the Penitentiary of New Mexico was the most brutal in U.S. penal history, involving extreme violence and fragmentation among inmates. Yet the prison was not always violent and disorderly. The prison in the early 1970s was relatively calm; after 1975 it became increasingly violent and disorderly. The explanation of this change in the level of disorder is important for understanding the predisposing factors of the riot. This case study of the New Mexico prison offers insights into recent changes in inmate relations, insofar as the history of the New Mexico prison from 1970 to 1980 parallels the general shift in U.S. prisons from inmate solidarity in the late 1960s to increasing violence and fragmentation among inmates during the 1970s.
Pneumococcal vaccines may elicit polyreactive antibodies that are poorly opsonophagocytic ♦ 34

Pneumococcal vaccines may elicit polyreactive antibodies that are poorly opsonophagocytic ♦ 34
CMOS and beyond

Abstract Lithography has played a key role in the scaling of CMOS-based integrated circuits. To fabricate sub-70 nm features, new techniques based on electron projection and extreme ultraviolet radiation are being developed. These and other lithographic solutions are discussed. For the ultimate in scaling, an alternate approach would be to start with objects that are inherently nano-scale in size, and use chemical techniques to have these objects self-assemble into units that provide electronic functionality. Several classes of molecules, including carbon nanotubes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and custom-synthesized organic molecules, are potentially suitable for this approach. Some recent advances in their research will be reviewed.
Laboratory training and encounter groups

This article reviews developments and concepts in the small group training field. It provides a brief historical perspective on group training and working definitions for some of the more frequently mentioned types of small groups: the T-group, encounter group, marathon, and therapy group. It also comments on research dealing with both the effects of group training and professional-ethical issues.
Positive-Ion Chemistry: High Yields of Heavy Hydrocarbons from Solid Methane by Ionizing Radiation.

At 77°K solid methane is polymerized rapidly and efficiently to heavy hydrocarbons by cobalt-60 gamma rays. The product is a viscous oil consisting mainly of saturated and highly branched hydrocarbons containing an average of about 20 carbon atoms per molecule. This would seem to be evidence for positiveion chemical reactions in the solid state analogous to those previously reported to occur in the gaseous state at pressures above 0.01 mm-Hg. It would thus appear that the solar ionizing ultraviolet radiation (about I erg cm -2 sec -1 at the earth) must polymerize methane at an appreciable rate under many likely conditions.
Effect of Trillium™ Biopassive Surface coating of the oxygenator on platelet count drop during cardiopulmonary bypass:

The new Trillium Biopassive Surface is a coating designed to minimize the adsorption of protein and the attachment of cells. In previous studies, we were able to demonstrate that, by coating the bypass circuit with small amounts of albumin, the drop in circulating platelet count seen with the newer low-prime hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators is eliminated. A study was undertaken to compare the Avecor Affinity oxygenator with albumin in the prime with the Trillium-coated Affinity. Fifty-six patients undergoing nonemergency open-heart surgery were randomly divided into two groups. One group (Albumin) received the Affinity oxygenator with 10 ml of 25% albumin added to the pump prime. The other group (Trillium) received the Trillium-coated Affinity oxygenator. To normalize the data for the effects of hemodilution, the mean net platelet count drop on bypass was calculated for each group. The Albumin group had a net platelet count drop of 0.81+/-9.78%, while the Trillium group had a drop of 1.58+/-13.0%. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups. From our investigation, we concluded that Trillium Biopassive Surface coating affords the Affinity oxygenator the same protective effects on circulating platelet counts as adding albumin to the prime.
The interaction of a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Ro15–1788) with GABA and GABA receptor antagonists at the GABAA receptor chloride-ionophore complex

Abstract The effect of the GABA A receptor antagonists bicuculline and SR 95531 was compared with that of the antidepressants amoxapine and amitriptyline on GABA-stimulated 36 CL − uptake using membrane vesicles from the rat cerebral cortex. The interaction of Ro15–1788 with these drugs and the effect of Ro15–1788 on GABA-stimulated uptake of 36 Cl − were also investigated. GABA A receptor antagonists and the antidepressants inhibited 30 μM GABA-mediated uptake of 36 Cl − with the rank order of potency of SR 95531 > bicuculline > amoxapine > amitriptyline. Ro15–1788 potentiated the effect of these inhibitors on 30 μM GABA-stimulated chloride uptake. Ro15–1788 alone did not alter the effect of 30 μM GABA on 36 Cl − uptake. However, it did inhibit the 36 Cl − uptake produced by 100 μM GABA, and enhanced 36 Cl − uptake mediated by 10 μM GABA. The data show variations in the apparent intrinsic efficacy of Ro15–1788 at the chloride channel with respect to different experimental conditions. It is suggested that the activity of Ro15–1788 depends on changes in the conformational state of benzodiazepine-GABA A receptor chloride-ionophore complex produced by GABA and GABA receptor antagonists.