cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mosquitocidal compounds and a triglyceride, 1,3-dilinoleneoyl-2-palmitin, from Ocimum sanctum.

The hexane extract of Ocimum sanctum was investigated using mosquito bioassay guided fractionation and yielded compounds 1 and 2. The isolation of the triglyceride, 1, 3-dilinoleneoyl-2-palmitin (3) from O. sanctum leaves and stems is novel. The structures of these compounds were established using 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. Compounds eugenol (1) and (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-heptene-2-one (2) demonstrated mosquitocidal activity at 200 and 6.25 μg mL-1 in 24 h, respectively, on fourth-instar Aedes aegyptii larvae. Keywords: Ocimum sanctum; Lamiaceae; sacred basil; 1,3-dilinoleneoyl-2-palmitin; eugenol; (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-heptene-2-one; mosquitocidal
Estimation and decomposition of productivity change when production is not efficient: a paneldata approach

This paper addresses estimation and decomposition of productivity change, which is mostly identified as technical change under constant (unitary) returns to scale (CRS). If the CRS assumption is not made, productivity change is decomposed into technical change and scale effects.Furthermore, if inefficiency exists, it also contributes to productivity change. Here we decompose productivity change into efficiency change, technical change, and scale effects. Three alternative approaches using parametric production, cost, and profit functions, which differ in terms of behavioral assumptions on the producers and data requirements, are considered.
Conservation of wingless patterning functions in the short-germ embryos of Tribolium castaneum.

DURING embryogenesis, all insects reach a conserved, or phylotypic, stage at which all future segments are present1,2. Different insects, however, arrive at this stage by overtly different pathways. In the long-germ insect Drosophila melanogaster, segmentation of the entire embryo occurs nearly simultaneously and results from the action of a cascade of transcriptional regulatory factors that operate in the acellular environment of the syncytial blastoderm3,4. In short-germ insects, segmentation occurs in an anterior-to-posterior sequence, within a cellular environment1, and might then be dependent on intercellular signalling5,6. To compare the molecular mechanisms of segmentation, we have isolated a homologue of the Drosophila wingless gene, a mediator of cell–cell communications7–9, from the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum. The principal features of wingless expression patterns in Drosophila are conserved in Tribolium, including its early deployment in rostral and caudal domains in the blastoderm, its segmental iteration in cells immediately anterior to cells expressing the engrailed, gene and its later restriction to a ventral sector of the developing appendages.
Ventilatory functions of normal children and young adults: Mexican-American, white, and black. III. Sitting height as a predictor.

We studied the ventilatory functions of 1800 normal children ranging in age from 7 to 20 years. Boys and girls of black, white, and Mexican-American ethnic groups were represented adequately. The FVC and FEV 1 of normal black children were fully 1 SD lower than those of white children with the same standing height. Such racial differences could not be corrected by a scaling factor, because the differences vary with sex and also with height as the children grow. Using sitting height as a predictor greatly reduced the racial differences of ventilatory functions and permitted the application of one set of prediction equations for children of all three groups.
A thermal system model for a radiant-tube continuous reheating furnace

A thermal system mathematical model developed for a gas-fired radiant-tube continuous reheating furnace is discussed. The mathematical model of the furnace integrates submodels for combustion and heat transfer within the radiant tube with models for the furnace enclosure. The transport processes occurring in the radiant tube are treated using a one-dimensional scheme, and the radiation exchange between the load, the radiant-tube surfaces, and the furnace refractories are analyzed using the radiosity method. The continuous furnace operation is simulated under steady-state conditions. Model simulations of load surface temperature variation compare well with measurements in an industrial galvannealing furnace. The scope and flexibility of the model are assessed by performing extensive parametric studies using furnace geometry, material properties, and operating conditions as input parameters in the model and predicting the thermal performance of the furnace. The various parameters studied include the effects of load and refractory emissivities, load velocities, properties of the stock material, and variations in the radiant-tube designs.
Orders and inventory commodities with price and demand uncertainty in complete markets

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to price an order (inventory control) policy when both the demand and the price are uncertain and markets are complete. Inventory management is assumed to be equivalent to an investment for future and risky prospects for which a risk premium is required. Optimization of this risk premium defines the optimal-order policy. A number of examples are solved and we show how a zero-inventory policy can be replicated by a portfolio of options and of course an optimal-order quantity. The approach developed in this paper underlies as well a common practice by certain firms who use materials that are traded in speculative financial markets. In these situations, managers combine their production-based activities with speculations regarding their potential demand and the associated price of materials. For demonstration purposes and to highlight the practicality of this approach an extensive application and numerical results are used. In particular, we consider a two-period problem with an exponential utility function and a mean exponential demand, which is a function of price.
Rapid screening of doping agents in human urine by vacuum MALDI-linear ion trap mass spectrometry.

Detection of doping agents in urine frequently requires extensive separation prior to chemical analyses. Gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has produced accurate and sensitive assays, but chromatographic separations require time and, sometimes, chemical derivatization. To avoid such tedious and lengthy procedures, vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (vMALDI) coupled with the linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LIT/MS) technique is tested for its applicability as a rapid screening technique. Commonly used doping agents like nandrolone, boldenone, trenbolone, testosterone, and betamethasone were chosen as study compounds. Different MALDI matrixes like α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), dihyroxy benzoic acid (DHB) with and without cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a surfactant, and meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (F20TPP) were tested. Among them, F20TPP (MW 974.57 Da) was selected as the preferred matrix owing to the lack of interfering matrix peaks ...
Density fluctuation autocorrelation functions for surface diffusion with various boundary conditions

Abstract Autocorrelation functions of density fluctuations caused by adsorbate surface diffusion have been determined by means of computer random walk calculations for cases where the region 1 under investigation (with diffusion coefficient D1) is finite in size and surrounded by a second region 2 with adsorbate diffusion coefficient D2. For totally absorbing or reflecting walls these calculations could be checked by analytical solutions for square geometry of the probed region. The results indicate that for D 1 D 2 the correlation function decays more rapidly than for the infinite plane case, while for D 1 D 2 it decays less rapidly. However, the effects become pronounced only for D 1 D 2 , and it is concluded that the experimentally observed deviations from infinite plane behavior are probably not caused by boundary effects.
Robust multirobot coordination in dynamic environments

Robustness is crucial for any robot team, especially when operating in dynamic environments. The physicality of robotic systems and their interactions with the environment make them highly prone to malfunctions of many kinds. Three principal categories in the possible space of robot malfunctions are communication failures, partial failure of robot resources necessary for task execution (or partial robot malfunction), and complete robot failure (or robot death). This paper addresses these three categories and explores means by which the TraderBots approach ensures robustness and promotes graceful degradation in team performance when faced with malfunctions.
Economic analysis of electronic waste recycling: modeling the cost and revenue of a materials recovery facility in California.

The objectives of this study are to identify the various techniques used for treating electronic waste (e-waste) at material recovery facilities (MRFs) in the state of California and to investigate the costs and revenue drivers for these techniques. The economics of a representative e-waste MRF are evaluated by using technical cost modeling (TCM). MRFs are a critical element in the infrastructure being developed within the e-waste recycling industry. At an MRF, collected e-waste can become marketable output products including resalable systems/components and recyclable materials such as plastics, metals, and glass. TCM has two main constituents, inputs and outputs. Inputs are process-related and economic variables, which are directly specified in each model. Inputs can be divided into two parts: inputs for cost estimation and for revenue estimation. Outputs are the results of modeling and consist of costs and revenues, distributed by unit operation, cost element, and revenue source. The results of the pr...
Determining Relative Estrogenicity by Quantifying Vitellogenin Induction in Rainbow Trout Liver Slices

Precision cut tissue slices, by modeling the entire organ, are a valuable tool for studying protein induction or inhibition by test chemicals. This manuscript describes parameters to quantify relative estrogenicity of chemicals in rainbow trout liver slices by measuring vitellogenin (Vg) induction, a well-characterized biomarker of estrogen receptor signal transduction. Hank's medium (phenol-red free) supplemented with Hepes, sodium bicarbonate, and 1% bovine serum albumin was utilized. The experimental parameters were optimized using 1000 nM 17beta-estradiol, a potent estrogen in rainbow trout that induces Vg production in vivo. The addition of trout serum and retention of the media was essential, probably to allow for the accumulation of Vg in the slices and media. Histological examination and ATP analyses indicated no toxicity in control or 17beta-estradiol-treated liver slices after 120 h. Induction was 4-fold greater with 25% serum containing media compared to media with 10% serum. We observed Vg induction as great as 500-fold over controls at 96 h in liver slices and media containing 25% serum and 1000 nM 17beta-estradiol. Controls without 17beta-estradiol, incubated in media with 10 or 25% serum, exhibited no detectable Vg production, indicating that the induction seen was not from the media or serum. We observed that 48 h was required for significant Vg induction in the media and liver slices. Maximum induction in slices occurred at 96 h, whereas media Vg levels continued to increase to 120 h, suggesting a time delay between Vg production and excretion by the liver. The feasibility of this model to detect weak environmental estrogens was determined with 0-250 microM o,p'DDE and bisphenol A. Both compounds induced Vg in this model with EC50 values of 10(4) and 2x10(5) higher than E(2), respectively. Our results indicate the importance of media, serum, and time selection for optimal Vg induction. This model allows for the determination of relative estrogenicity of chemicals in a controlled in vitro system while utilizing the advantages of precision cut slice technology.
Metal remediation and preconcentration using immobilized short-chain peptides composed of aspartic acid and cysteine

Abstract Short-chain peptides (two and seven residues) consisting of a glycine (Gly) attachment group and various combinations of cysteine (Cys) and/or aspartic acid (Asp) were synthesized by Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on Tentagel resin. One selected peptide was synthesized on controlled pore glass (CPG) for comparison. The objective was to evaluate metal binding capacities and selectivities of short-chain peptides when minor alterations in the amino acid sequences were made. Metal binding of Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Mg2+ to the synthesized peptides was evaluated using breakthrough curves from a packed microcolumn and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) detection. Peptides composed primarily of Asp showed single metal capacities as large as 720 μmol metal/g Tentagel resin and 130 μmol metal/g CPG. Simultaneous elution of a multi-metal solution demonstrated that peptides possessing only two Cys residues and four Asp residues were sufficient to yield selective binding of Cd2+ over Ni2+ and Co2+ similar to the selectivity of a six-Cys residue chain but with 60% more Cd2+ capacity. Interestingly, peptides supported on Tentagel resin appeared to reach equilibrium with metal-containing influent flow rates of at most 2 ml/min (or a linear velocity of 11 cm/s) and is attributed to better mass transport with the resin than with the CPG. Conditional stability constants calculated for the six-Asp residue chain and each metal showed the majority of sites having a log K in the range of 4.6–4.8. The peptides studied were also able to efficiently preconcentrate solutions containing as little as 0.05 μg/ml Cd2+ or Ni2+ in an artificial seawater matrix. Uniquely, the seven residue peptides showed surprisingly high metal capacities and metal-to-residue binding ratios (reaching ∼1:2), and are an order of magnitude better than results previously obtained for longer chain polyamino acids (50–70 residues) attached to CPG via silane chemistry.
Electrodeposition of antimony telluride thin films from acidic nitrate-tartrate baths

Abstract Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques were utilized to systematically investigate the electrodeposition of SbxTe1−x (0.1
Transfer film bonding and wear studies on CuS-nylon composite sliding against steel

Abstract The tribological behaviour of nylon 11 reinforced with lead sulphide filler was studied. The composite specimens with different filler proportions were made by compression moulding. The friction and wear experiments were run under ambient conditions in a pin-on-disk machine with the composite pin riding on the flat surface of a steel disk. It was found that 35 vol.% PbS-nylon composite had the highest wear resistance. The friction and wear tests were run with this composite at different loads, speeds and counterface roughnesses. The wear rate increased considerably when the load was increased from 19.6 N to 39.2 N and the sliding speed from 1 m/s to 2 m/s, but the effect of these increases on the coefficient of friction was very small. The wear rate also increased abruptly when the surface roughness was increased from 0.11 to 0.3 μm but the coefficient of friction was not affected. It was found that the wear process was dominated by the transfer film that formed on the counterface. The transfer film and the worn surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy. XPS analysis indicated chemical bonding between the polymer composite transfer film and the steel counterface.
Universality and critical exponents of energy transport in binary crystals: 3B2u naphthalene

Abstract Exciton migration experiments on isotopically mixed naphthalene crystals reveal a universal behavior with reduced donor concentration, irrespective of temperature, acceptor species or acceptor concentration, giving a very wide scaling region , with critical exponents γ = 2.1 ± 0.22 and β = 0.13 ± 0.05, consistent with two-dimensional dynamic exciton percolation.
An image-guided femoroplasty system: development and initial cadaver studies

This paper describes the development and initial cadaver studies using a prototype image-guided surgery system for femoroplasty, which is a potential alternative treatment for reducing fracture risk in patients with severe osteoporosis. Our goal is to develop an integrated surgical guidance system that will allow surgeons to augment the femur using patient-specific biomechanical planning and intraoperative analysis tools. This paper focuses on the intraoperative module, which provides real-time navigation of an injection device and estimates the distribution of the injected material relative to the preoperative plan. Patient registration is performed using intensity-based 2D/3D registration of X-ray images and preoperative CT data. To co-register intraoperative X-ray images and optical tracker coordinates, we integrated a custom optically-tracked fluoroscope fiducial allowing real-time visualization of the injection device with respect to the patient's femur. During the procedure, X-ray images were acquired to estimate the 3D distribution of the injected augmentation material (e.g. bone cement). Based on the injection progress, the injection plan could be adjusted if needed to achieve optimal distribution. In phantom experiments, the average target registration error at the center of the femoral head was 1.4 mm and the rotational error was 0.8 degrees when two images were used. Three cadaveric studies demonstrated efficacy of the navigation system. Our preliminary simulation study of the 3D shape reconstruction algorithm demonstrated that the 3D distribution of the augmentation material could be estimated within 12% error from six X-ray images.
A Summary of Current Research Identifying Communication Skills in Various Organizational Contexts.

(1980). A summary of current research identifying communication skills in various organizational contexts. Communication Education: Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 283-290.
Abdominal pregnancy with lithopedion formation presenting as a pelvic abscess.

Abstract Background: Abdominal pregnancy with lithopedion formation is rare and its presentation as a pelvic abscess has not been reported. Case: A 38-year-old, gravida 1, para 0, presented with signs and symptoms of a pelvic abscess, which turned out to be a lithopedion from a 16-week abdominal pregnancy that had been terminated by a potassium chloride injection 2 years earlier. Intravenous antibiotics were followed by surgical removal of the lithopedion. Conclusion: Pelvic abscess is an added complication of a lithopedion. Surgical removal to prevent such complications can be considered, balanced against the high operative risks.
Microdiamonds — Frontier of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism: A review

Abstract This is a comprehensive review paper devoted to microdiamonds from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terranes incorporated in orogenic belts formed at convergent plate boundaries in Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Alpine time. When in 1980 the first small diamonds were discovered within “amphibolite–granulate facies” metamorphic rocks, it came as a great surprise that buoyant continental crust could be subducted to depths of hundreds of kilometers and then subsequently exhumed. Since then, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of these diamonds' formation, and the number of new diamond-bearing UHPM terranes was significantly increased, especially within European orogenes. Moreover, new variations in tectonic settings in which UHP rocks can be formed and exhumed came to the attention of geologists simply due to the finding of diamonds in places previously “forbidden” for their formation—e.g., oceanic islands, ophiolites, and forearc environments. Over the past decade, the rapidly moving technological advancement has made it possible to examine microdiamonds in detail and to learn that part of them has a polycrystalline nature; that they contain nanometric, multiphase inclusions of crystalline and fluid phases; and that they keep a “crustal” signature of carbon isotopes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused-ion-beam techniques, synchrotron infrared spectroscopy, micro X-ray diffraction, and nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry studies of these diamonds provide evidence that they keep traces of fluid originated from both crustal and mantle reservoirs, and that they probably interacted with deep mantle plumes. Hypotheses proposed for diamond formation in subduction zones founded on both analytical and experimental studies are discussed. The paper also emphasizes that the discovery of these microdiamonds (as well as coesite) triggered a major revision in the understanding of deep subduction processes, leading to a clear realization of how continental materials can be recycled into the Earth's mantle and geochemically rejuvenate it.
Examination of time-variable input effects in a nonlinear analogue magnetosphere model

The plasma physical analog model (an extension of the damped, harmonic-oscillator dripping faucet model) is employed to consider explicitly the effect of time-varying the inputs. This work is equivalent to considering the effects of northward and southward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field for various periods of time. It is found that relatively extended episodes (not less than 2 hours) of turned-on input with shorter (about 1 hour) periods of turned-off input lead to model behavior much like the continuously driven case. Going to short input intervals with longer periods of zero input leads to highly irregular and dramatically fluctuating episodes of magnetotail unloading. These results give an insight into the diversity of apparent magnetospheric responses during relatively isolated substorm conditions. This work shows the absolutely critical interdependence (in a nonlinear dynamical system) of input phasing and internal magnetospheric response cycles.
Immobilization antigens of Tetrahymena pyriformis: I. Assay and extraction☆

Abstract A method using immunodiffusion has been established to assay the two mutually exclusive temperature dependent immobilization antigens, H and T, of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Specific antiserum was obtained by exploitation of allelic or temperature induced variations among inbred strains for absorption of antisera prepared against whole cells. The antigens were extracted both from isolated cilia and from whole cell bodies. Mild detergent extraction was found to be more efficient than mechanical disruption of the cells by freeze-thawing. The sedimentation behavior in sucrose density gradients of active H antigen was the same, whether freeze-thaw or detergent extracted; similarly, the sedimentation behavior of T was the same following the two extraction methods. Extraction with acetic acid, as reported by others, solubilized the same material as the detergent, but the acid denatured the antigen. An estimate of the molecular weight of the antigen of 29 000 for H and 23 000 for T was made.
Synthesis and diels-alder reactions of e-1-trimethylsilylbuta-1,3-diene

Abstract A novel synthesis of E-1-trimethylsilylbuta-1,3-diene (1) has been achieved, and its Diels-Alder reactions with maleic anhydride, diethyl maleate, dimethyl fumarate, methyl propiolate, acrolein and acrylonitrile have been investigated. The structures of the products were studied to determine the stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of the reactions of this diene. In all cases with monosubstituted dienophiles the silyldiene 1 afforded the 1,3-disubstituted isomer (meta isomer) as the predominate regioisomer.
DNA content, synthesis and integrity in dividing and non-dividing cells of rec− strains of Escherichia coli K12

Abstract Using a method to separate dividing from non-dividing cells of Rec− strains of Escherichia coli K12 (Capaldo & Barbour, 1973), we found: 1. (1) Non-dividing cells of recA−, recB−recC− and recA−recB−recC− strains are defective in DNA synthesis. 2. (2) recA− non-dividing cells contain little or no DNA; recB−recC− and recA−recB−recC− non-dividing cells contain normal amounts of DNA. 3. (3) DNA synthesized in cultures of the recB−recC− and recA−recB−recC− strains is made in the dividing cells and then segregated irreversibly, as a function of subsequent cell division, into the non-dividing cells. 4. (4) Old DNA in recA−recB−recC− cells contains an increased number of single-strand breaks compared to newly synthesized DNA of the same strain or to both old and new DNA from rec+ cells; no additional breaks in old DNA of the recB−recC− strain have been detected. We propose that recA+, recB+, recC+ gene products are involved in repair of DNA chain breaks that arise during cell growth. According to this view, mutation in the rec genes results in defective repair. This may lead to failure to replicate DNA, loss of viability, degradation of the DNA in the case of the recA− strain, and accumulation of DNA chain breaks in the recA−recB−recC− strain.
Wear Measurement and Chip Detection of a Moving Shear Blade using Fluid Proximity Sensors

The results of an experimental investigation in the use of conical-jet proximity sensors for chip detection and wear measurement on a moving shear blade are presented. The proposed scheme is to position, transverse to the movement of the shear blade, a vertical array of proximity sensors whose output as the shear blade moves past, along with the position of the shear blade, yield a profile of the shear blade. Comparison of this profile with a sharp, unchipped blade profile stored in computer memory yields wear measurement and chip detection information. Experimental data are presented on the effects of various parameters on the shear blade profile such as shear blade speed and direction, sensor supply pressure, and lateral transverse gap between the sensor and the shear blade. The results Indicate that the measurement system may be used to measure wear and detect chip formation.
Effect of Sediment pH on Resuspension of Kaolinite Sediments

The resuspension of contaminated cohesive sediments can impact water quality by mobilizing sediment particles and adsorbed contaminants. Changes in physicochemical and electrochemical environments around resuspended sediment particles may cause some contaminants to desorb into the water column. The contribution of contaminated sediments to degradation of water quality depends on an estimate of sediment resuspension rates. In this study, the resuspension of Georgia kaolinite sediments under varying pH conditions was investigated in laboratory flume experiments. Because the edge charge of kaolinite particles is pH dependent, kaolinite particles exhibit different modes of particle associations under varying pH conditions. The paper characterizes these particle associations and relates them to the resuspension of kaolinite sediments for varying pH values. Variations in sediment water content, changes from a stratified to a uniform sediment bed, changes in rheological properties, and variations in the electrophoretic mobility of kaolinite particles were all indicative of the changes in particle associations that resulted from changes in sediment pH. The critical shear stress and the erosion rate coefficient were evaluated for varying pH values and explained by particle associations. A rheometer was used to measure rheological properties of the settled sediment bed; the measured yield stresses had a direct correlation with critical shear stresses.
Comparison of Two Predictive Models for Prognosis in Critically III Patients in a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center Coronary Care Unit

Study objective The acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation score has been developed to assess prognosis in critically ill patients. Knaus et al initially determined and validated diagnosis-specific coefficients for prediction of outcome in a group of multidisciplinary ICUs. Teskey et al found different coefficients for cardiac diagnoses in a retrospective analysis of coronary care unit (CCU) only patients. This study compares the actual mortality in a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) CCU with the mortality predicted by the two equations. Design and setting Data were prospectively collected for patients admitted to the medical CCU at a university-affiliated, tertiary care VAMC. Patients Patients (n=338) admitted to the CCU with the diagnoses of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), arrhythmia (Arr), and other cardiac-related diagnoses. Results The entire CCU population showed no significant differences from either the predictions by Knaus et al and Teskey et al in 1991. However, when specific disease states were analyzed as a whole, significant differences from both prediction models for CAD and MI actual mortality were found. Teskey et al was a better predictor for the Arr and CHF population, while both were equally reliable for other. Conclusions Either prediction model is reliable for a CCU population in general. However, diagnosis-specific coefficients of Teskey et al appear to correlate better with actual mortality for this VAMC. Significant outcome differences compared with those predicted may reflect the patient population specific to a VAMC.
Transient stability of distributed generators in the presence of energy storage devices

Several small-scale distributed generators DGs have been recently used in power and distribution systems. Placement of such small-generators to the power grid has numerous economical and environmental advantages. However, high penetration level of these devices could also have a significant impact on the voltage and angle stability limits of the system. This can be partly attributed to the fact that most DGs are inertia-less generators or sometimes having small inertia. Therefore, in non-conventional power systems where DGs are present, the overall system inertia will significantly decrease. Such low inertia may lead to loss of synchronism during abnormal fault conditions and large disturbances. One method to compensate for the reduced system inertia is to connect short-term energy storage to the DG bus. The entire unit is termed as virtual inertia or Virtual Synchronous Generator VSG. This paper introduces a methodology for stability enhancement of non-conventional power systems. The method utilizes the concept of virtual inertia to account for the transients that usually take place on power system. A control algorithm was integrated to the storage device that is connected to the DG bus through bidirectional DC-DC converter and DC-AC converter. The method was demonstrated on a 5-bus power system.
Interpersonal problem-solving in young children: A cognitive approach to prevention

An interpersonal cognitive problem-solving (ICPS) intervention, designed to reduce and prevent impulsive and inhibited behaviors in black low socioeconomic status (SES) 4- and 5-year-olds, was implemented by teachers and evaluated over a 2-year period. In the first year, 113 children were trained and 106 were not. The 131 still-available in kindergarten were divided into four groups: Twice-trained (n = 39); Once-trained, Nursery (n = 30); Once-trained, Kindergarten (n = 35), and Never-trained controls (n = 27). Findings showed that (a) ICPS impact on behavior lasted at least 1 full year, (b) training was as effective in kindergarten as in nursery, and (c) for this age and SES group, 1 year of intervention had the same immediate behavior impact as 2. Further, well-adjusted children trained in nursery were less likely to begin showing behavioral difficulties over the 2-year period than were comparable controls, highlighting implications of the ICPS approach for primary prevention.
Inhibition of in vitro HBsAg production by amphotericin B and ketoconazole

The effects of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and adenine arabinoside on production of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles by the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 were examined. In addition, the effects of these drugs on cellular protein synthesis were determined. These drugs caused a dose-dependent decrease in HBsAg production that was paralleled by a decrease in cellular protein synthesis. Ketoconazole was the most active of these drugs and the most specific, causing a 72% reduction in HBsAg production with only a 38% reduction in protein synthesis. These data suggest that further studies evaluating ketoconazole for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in animals are warranted.
Sympathy and propriety in Adam smith's rhetoric

Adam Smith's moral sentimentalist concepts of “sympathy” and “propriety” provide the basis for his rhetorical principles: “perspicuity,” “description,” and the rhetorical critic as the “social self.” The latter ensure that aesthetically appropriate communication consists of the same elements as sympathetic communication—the presentation of character, emotion, and circumstance. Aesthetic propriety also eliminates the possibility of deceitful or unskilled communication resulting in incorrect moral judgment.
Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation in Experiential Groups

A total of 330 members of the American Counseling Association were surveyed to determine current group training models in counselor education. The results indicate: (1) the most common model is to have a full-time faculty member both instruct the group work course and facilitate the experiential group, (2) ethical concerns do negatively impact student involvement in the experiential group, and (3) a contributing factor to students feeling comfortable in the group experience was the belief that the instructor was competent. Implications and recommendations based upon these findings are suggested, as well as student-generated recommendations on how to implement the experiential group.
Using negative electron affinity diamond emitters to mitigate space charge in vacuum thermionic energy conversion devices

Abstract A negative electron affinity (NEA) diamond surface is employed as an emitter electrode in a vacuum thermionic energy conversion device in order to mitigate the negative space charge effect. The motive diagram of an NEA device operating at the virtual saturation point is compared to a similar device with a conventional emitter material operating in the space charge limited regime in order to understand how NEA mitigates space charge. Output current characteristics are calculated for various NEA values, and the results are compared to an ideal (no space charge) model. Increasing the value of the NEA causes the output current characteristic to approach that of the ideal model. Motive diagrams for various values of NEA are calculated and used to explain this phenomenon. It is shown that an NEA device can achieve a maximum output power density equal to the maximum output power density of a similar ideal device.
The green correspondents of simple group modules

Abstract We shall show that these correspondents are not arbitrary modules, but have a strong property with respect to specializations (see Corollary 2.8) which ensures that they belong to a family of modules that are theoretically classifiable using only local information about the group (see Corollary 3.12 and the remarks following it). This extends to arbitrary simple modular group modules the similar properties proven in [2] for such modules lying in blocks with trivial intersection defect groups. Indeed, we lean heavily on [2], and follow its notation as much as possible. As an addendum we indicate in Section 4 how our results can be extended from Green correspondents to sources of simple group modules.
Kinetic and mutational studies of the number of interacting divalent cations required by bacterial and human methionine aminopeptidases

Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAP) are responsible for the proteolytic removal of the initiator methionine from nascent proteins. This processing permits multiple posttranslational modifications an...
When Helping the Victim Matters More Than Helping a Victim

Consequentialists insist there is no rational basis for distinguishing between determinate (or identifiable) victims and indeterminate (or statistical) victims. Whether it's a child drowning at our feet or needy communities abroad, our reason to help is the same. Experimental data indicate, however, that we regularly make such distinctions. In this article, I show that there are indeed persuasive normative grounds for preserving this distinction. When potential beneficiaries are determinate, they have a special claim on us grounded in fairness. I present several cases that demonstrate that treating determinate beneficiaries the same as indeterminate beneficiaries is unjust. I conclude with an analysis of the relevant social psychology data.
Infrared and Raman studies of heterocyclic compounds—II Infrared spectra and normal vibrations of benzimidazole and bis-(benzimidazolato)-metal complexes☆

Abstract The infrared spectra of benzimidazole and some of its metal complexes were obtained from 4000 to 33 cm −1 . The bands in benzimidazole are tentatively assigned by comparisons with spectra of 1,2 d 2 -benzimidazole, the metal complexes, N-iodobenzimidazole and other aromatic and heteroaromatic systems. A complete normal coordinate calculation was carried out on benzimidazole, and the metal-nitrogen interactions in the polymer complexes were studied as five body problems. For comparison, five body calculations were also studied for the metal complexes of Imidazole.
Taxation and Economic Stability

Introduction: the problem, 406. — General character of cyclical tax policy: in booms, 409; in recessions, 411. — Certain measurable effects of federal taxation, 412. — Taxes tending to reduce consumer spending, 414. — The individual income tax, 415. — Estate and gift taxes, 417. — Corporation taxes, 417. — Other taxes, 418. — Implications of the federal tax ratio, 419. — State and local revenues, 423. — Further objection to the ratio, 425. — Importance of qualitative considerations, 426. — Alleged counterbalancing effects of public expenditures, 427. — Conclusions, 427.
Potential regulatory role of inflammatory cells on local vascular smooth muscle tone.

A neutrophil-derived relaxing factor (NDRF) from oyster glycogen (OG)-elicited rat PMN, which causes an endothelium independent relaxation of rat aorta, and which is pharmacologically indistinguishable from endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) has been described [1]. Experiments were designed to evaluate the presence of NDRF in PMN from rat-whole blood,-carrageenan pleurisy.,-OG peritonitis, and guinea pig (GP)-OG peritonitis, as well as in OG-elicited rat macrophages (MO). Significant vascular relaxing activity was found using rat PMN from OG peritonitis and carrageenen pleurisy, as well as from OG-MO. Little or no activity was found in rat whole blood PMN or PMN from GO-OG peritonitis. These results suggest that NDRF activity may be expressed upon cellular migration to an inflammatory site in the rat, and may not be present in all species. Also, all inflammatory cells examined were capable of reversing EDRF-dependent relaxations when stimulated to produce superoxide anion suggesting a dual regulatory role for these cells on local vascular tone.
Evidence for heterogeneity of mineralocorticoids in urine of patients with low renin essential hypertension.

Mineralocorticoid activity in urine of seven patients with low renin essential hypertension and in five normal subjects was evaluated. Urine was collected during continuous treatment with small doses of dexamethasone, which largely eliminated ACTH-dependent steroids without altering blood pressure. Free (unconjugated) steroids were extracted from urine. Urine was then acidified (pH 1.0) and reextracted for conjugated steroids. Extracts were then fractionated using LH-20 columns and high pressure liquid chromatography. The nine fractions thus obtained were subjected to bioassay in adrenalectomized rats, using a decrease in Na to K ratio as the index of mineralocorticoid activity. Aldosterone appeared in fraction 2, corticosterone in fraction 4,11-deoxycorticosterone in fraction 6, and progesterone in fraction 8. In patients with low renin essential hypertension, free unknown mineralocorticoids were excreted in fraction 5 (cases 1–3), in fraction 6 (cases 1, 2, and 4), in fraction 7 (cases 1 and 4), and in ...
Overshadowing in matching-to-sample: Reduction in sample-stimulus control by differential sample behaviors

Separate groups of pigeons were trained to high levels of accuracy on 0-delay matching-to-sample with sample-response requirements that were either differential or nondifferential with respect to the sample stimuli. Differential subjects produced the comparisons by completing a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates-of-responding 3-sec (DRL 3″) requirement during one sample and a fixed-ratio (FR 10) requirement during the other. Nondifferential subjects produced the comparisons by completing the same schedule requirement (either DRL 3″ or FR 10) for both samples. Following acquisition to criterion, the DRL and/or FR sample-response requirements were replaced by a nondifferential single-peck (CRF) requirement in order to assess the degree to which the samples had acquired control over choice in each group. This change disrupted performance in all subjects, but the disruption was greater for the differential birds, which generally performed at lower levels of accuracy and required more sessions of retraining to reach criterion levels of accuracy than the nondifferential birds. Follow-up experiments revealed that comparison choices by the differential birds were primarily controlled by their DRL vs. FR sample-specific behaviors. The relatively poor performance of the differential group during testing with CRF requirements suggests that the cue arising from the birds’ differential sample behaviorshad also overshadowed the sample stimuli for conditional control over choice. The unique, and rather unusual, aspect of this overshadowing effect is that it occurred in spite of the fact that the overshadowed cue (that provided by the samples) was necessary for producing the cue that resulted in overshadowing (the differential sample behaviors). This finding has potentially important implications for the differential outcomes effect in conditional discrimination learning and for attentional processes in compound-cue situations in general.
Evaluation of an integral constitutive equation for nonlinear viscoelasticity

Abstract A strain-coupling integral constitutive equation for non-linear viscoelasticity is evaluated using double-step shear strain experiments. Evaluation of the functions of the theory is discussed, and it is shown that the theory provides satisfactory descriptions of strain and time variations for doublestep stress relaxation experiments.
Simple computational methods for polynomial interpolations

Polynomial interpolation is the general approach to many control designs. Designs using the root locus, for example, directly apply polynomial interpolations. It is shown that such interpolations can be easily calculated using polynomial root finders. While this may appear obvious, it has previously not been approached this way. These results may be used in computer-aided control-system design software.
Determination of the quaternary structural states of bovine casein by small-angle X-ray scattering: Submicellar and micellar forms

Whole casein occurs in milk as a spherical colloidal complex of protein and salts called the casein micelle, with approximate average radii of 650 A as determined by electron microscopy. Removal of Ca2+ is thought to result in dissociation into smaller noncolloidal protein complexes called submicelles. Hydrodynamic and light scattering studies on whole casein submicelles suggest that they are predominantly spherical particles with a hydrophobic core. To investigate whether the integrity of a hydrophobically stabilized submicellar structure is preserved in the electrostatically stabilized colloidal micellar structure, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments were undertaken on whole casein from bovine milk under submicellar (without Ca2+) and micellar (with added 10 mM CaCl2) conditions. All SAXS results showed multiple Gaussian character and could be analyzed best by nonlinear regression in place of the customary Guinier plot. Analysis of the SAXS data for submicellar casein showed two Gaussian components which could be interpreted in terms of a particle with two concentric regions of different electron density, designated as a "compact" (subscript C) core and a "loose" (subscript L) shell, respectively. The submicelle was found to have an average molecular weight of 285,000 +/- 14,600 and a mass fraction of higher electron density core, k, of 0.212 +/- 0.028. The radius of gyration of the core, RC, was 37.98 +/- 0.01 A with an electron density difference, delta rho C, of 0.0148 +/- 0.0014 e-/A3, while the loose region had values of RL = 88.2 +/- 0.8 A with delta rho L = 0.0091 +/- 0.0003 e-/A3. Calculated distance distribution functions and normalized scattering curves also were consistent with an overall spherical particle with a concentric spherical inner core of higher electron density. These results, and in particular the remarkably low electron densities of the shells, can be interpreted in terms of a loosely packed spherical aggregate stabilized by a hydrophobic inner core and surrounded by an even more loosely packed hydrophilic region, in agreement with the results of other studies. The SAXS data for the colloidal micellar casein, which yield only cross-sectional information related to a window of scattered intensity, were analyzed by a sum of three Gaussians with no residual function. The two Gaussians with the lower values of the radius of gyration were interpreted again as an indication of an inhomogeneous spherical particle of two electron densities with the same centroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Constraints on hadronic current operators in relativistic quantum-mechanical models.

The conditions of current conservation and Poincar\'e invariance are reduced to a set of four equations that must be satisfied by the charge density at the origin. These equations require that the charge density has nonvanishing many-body (exchange current) corrections for systems of interacting particles in the one-photon exchange approximation. A large class of currents with acceptable many-body corrections are exhibited. The problem of how to construct minimal many-body corrections to one-body current operators that restore current conservation and Poincar\'e invariance is discussed.
High-Power Terahertz Generation Using Large-Area Plasmonic Photoconductive Emitters

In this paper, we present a novel design of large-area photoconductive emitters which incorporates plasmonic contact electrodes to offer significantly higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies compared with conventional designs. Use of plasmonic contact electrodes enables a more efficient separation and acceleration of photocarriers, enhancing the effective dipole moment induced within the device active area in response to an incident optical pump. At an optical pump power level of 240 mW, we demonstrate broadband, pulsed terahertz radiation with radiation power levels as high as 3.8 mW over the 0.1–5-THz frequency range, exhibiting an order of magnitude higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency compared with conventional designs.
Zhuangzi’s Fishnet Allegory: A Text‐Critical Analysis

Analyse textuelle critique d'un terme a deux caracteres present dans l'expression de l'allegorie du filet de peche dans le «Zhuangzi». Apportant une nuance qui a son importance d'un point de vue philologique et philosophique, l'A. met en evidence un jeu de mot dans la rhetorique chinoise qui mesure toute la distance qui separe la metaphysique traditionnelle de la pensee daoiste.