cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineered human skin substitutes undergo large-scale genomic reprogramming and normal skin-like maturation after transplantation to athymic mice.

Bioengineered skin substitutes can facilitate wound closure in severely burned patients, but deficiencies limit their outcomes compared with native skin autografts. To identify gene programs associated with their in vivo capabilities and limitations, we extended previous gene expression profile analyses to now compare engineered skin after in vivo grafting with both in vitro maturation and normal human skin. Cultured skin substitutes were grafted on full-thickness wounds in athymic mice, and biopsy samples for microarray analyses were collected at multiple in vitro and in vivo time points. Over 10,000 transcripts exhibited large-scale expression pattern differences during in vitro and in vivo maturation. Using hierarchical clustering, 11 different expression profile clusters were partitioned on the basis of differential sample type and temporal stage-specific activation or repression. Analyses show that the wound environment exerts a massive influence on gene expression in skin substitutes. For example, in vivo–healed skin substitutes gained the expression of many native skin-expressed genes, including those associated with epidermal barrier and multiple categories of cell–cell and cell–basement membrane adhesion. In contrast, immunological, trichogenic, and endothelial gene programs were largely lacking. These analyses suggest important areas for guiding further improvement of engineered skin for both increased homology with native skin and enhanced wound healing.
Linearity of the coefficients of the closed-loop characteristic polynomial

This note examines the condition given by Kolka for linearity of the coefficients of the closed-loop characteristic polynomial. An alternative necessary and sufficient condition is given for v coefficients of the characteristic polynomial to be linear in the elements of the output-feedback matrix. It is shown that this condition is applicable to a wider class of systems and provides more information about the system properties.
Ion permeation and rectification in ATP-sensitive channels from insulin-secreting cells (RINm5F): Effects of K+, Na+ and Mg2+

Patch-clamp techniques were used to study the permeability to ions of an ATP-sensitive channel in membranes from the pancreatic B-cell line (RINm5F). With patches in the outside-out configuration, theI-V curves for different Na+−K+ mixtures in the bath and 140 mM K+ in the pipette were almost linear, and crossed the zero-current axis at voltages that indicated a variable permeability ratio. When K+ was added symmetrically, the plot of the conductancevs. K+ activity exhibited saturation, with aG max of about 160 pS and a half-maximal activity of 216 mM. TheI-V behavior for different K+−Na+ mixtures in the bath could be accurately described with a model based on Eyring theory, assuming two sites and one-ion occupancy. For K+, the dissociation constants (KK) of the two sites were 290 and 850 mM, the lower value pertaining to the site close to the intracellular medium. In experiments with inside-out patches, both Na+ and Mg2+, when present in the bath, induced a voltagedependent block of the outward current. Fitting the data with the model suggested that for these ions only one of the two sites binds significantly, the corresponding dissociation constants being (mM): 46 for Na+ and 34 for Mg2+. Blocking by Na+ and Mg2+ may account for the low outward current seen in intact cells. This hypothesis is consistent with the observation that such current is further reduced by addition of 2,4-DNP, since metabolism inhibitors are expected to lower the ATP level, thereby liberating Mg2+ from the Mg2+-ATP complex, as well as inducing accumulation of Na+ by decreasing the rate of the Na+−K+ pump.
Laparoscopic renal-adrenal surgery in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Patients requiring chronic anticoagulation are theoretically at increased risk for hemorrhage or thromboembolism perioperatively. Experience with laparoscopic renal/adrenal surgery in patients on chronic warfarin is limited. We assessed hemorrhagic/thromboembolic complications in this group of patients.Materials and Methods: The records of 787 patients undergoing laparoscopic renal/adrenal surgery were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 25 patients on chronic oral anticoagulation with warfarin were identified. The indications for warfarin therapy as well as perioperative management were reviewed. Clinical parameters, including operative time, estimated blood loss, hemorrhagic/thromboembolic complications and transfusions, were documented and compared with those in patients not receiving chronic anticoagulation.Results: Atrial fibrillation (56% of cases) and a prosthetic mitral valve (28%) were the most frequent indications for chronic anticoagulation. Bridging anticoagulation with unfra...
Franck-Condon factors for band systems of molecular hydrogen—II The (C1πu-X1σ+g, (D1πu-X1σ+g) and (h3σ +g-c3πu) systems

Abstract Franck-Condon factors are reported for the ( C 1 π u - X 1 σ + g ), ( D 1 π u - X 1 σ + g ) and ( h 3 σ + g - c 3 π u ) band systems of molecular hydrogen. In each electronic state, wavefunctions were computed for all vibrational levels up to the dissociation limit by numerical solutions of the radial Schrodinger equation using a tabulated potential energy function. In the X, C and D states, Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potential curves were used; in the c and h states Morse potentials were used. The RKR curves were constructed for energies corresponding to integral and non-integral vibrational quanta, using spectroscopic data selected from the literature. These curves were interpolated and extrapolated to prescribed dissociation limits by means of suitable power law potential formulae. The resulting sets of Franck-Condon factors are given for all vibrational bands of each system.
A renal mass in a patient with melanoma

A 61-year-old man presented to the emergency room with significant weight loss. Laboratory analysis revealed elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and white blood cell count. Computed tomography imaging showed a large, infiltrative mass in the right renal vein, with metastasis to the brain. Biopsy of soft tissue mass and kidney revealed positive staining for malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma to the kidney is extremely rare, and imaging modalities alone cannot differentiate neoplasms in the kidney. It is therefore necessary to use specific immunocytochemical staining along with imaging modalities to make a specific diagnosis when the primary origin of the tumor is unknown.
Effect of Drugs on Defibrillation Capacity

Over 300 000 people die of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the US annually. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been shown to be more effective than antiarrhythmic drugs for the prevention of SCD in specific susceptible populations. Many patients in whom ICDs have been implanted receive concomitant therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs, for the purpose of reducing the frequency of appropriate and inappropriate defibrillation shocks. Drugs may influence defibrillation capacity and therefore influence the function of ICDs. The objective of this article is to review and update the literature regarding the effects of drugs on defibrillation capacity.
Pauli principle corrections in particle-hole state densities

A recent method for calculating particle-hole state densities is shown to be exact only when the number of excited particles equals the number of excited holes. Modifications are proposed for the cases wherep ≠ h. For thep=h case, comparisons of the exact results with the Williams analytical formula had pointed to inadequacies in the latter, but were made without considering the need for an energy dependent Pauli correction term. More careful investigation supports the continued use of the Williams formula with the appropriate Pauli correction term.
HIV envelope becomes unhinged by PDI for entry

Almost 10 years ago, Ryser et al[1][1] reported that cleavage of 2 disulfide bonds in the gp120 surface component of the HIV-1 envelope is required for virion entry into CD4-bearing cells and that cell surface protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is responsible for this effect. Since that initial
Can Watershed Management Unite Town and Country

ABSTRACT Resource agencies in the United States have taken up collaborative watershed management planning as a general policy tool. In doing so, they have adapted methods originally developed by voluntary partnerships in small rural watersheds and applied them across larger drainage areas with more diverse patterns of land use. Using Henri Lefebvre's concepts of social space, this article reviews research to identify the varied political, social, and physical characteristics that watershed organizers confront in urbanized and rural areas. Planners working in watersheds with diverse settlement patterns may find it difficult to meet the guiding principles suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and National Research Council: organizing watershed partnerships to involve those most affected by management decisions, making decisions within a specific geographic area, and using science and data to guide decisions over time.
Effect of gastric vagal denervation on inhibition of acid secretion by secretin.

In dogs with vagally innervated gastric pouches and gastric fistulas, acid secretion was stimulated by intravenous administration of Urecholine, 0.025 and 0.1 (mg/kg)/hr; of pentagastrin, 4 (µg/kg)/hr; or by feeding a meal of liver and bone dust, 25 g/kg. Acid secretion elicited by these stimulants was significantly inhibited (P<0.05 to 0.001) by intravenous infusion of secretin, 2 (units/kg)/hr. With Urecholine, 0.1 (mg/kg)/hr, comparable inhibition resulted from endogenous duodenal acidification which was produced by closing the gastric fistula. The pouches were then vagally denervated by cutting the muscular connection, and dividing the septum between pouch and main stomach; all tests were repeated. Vagal denervation decreased the stimulatory potency of feeding and pentagastrin, but increased Urecholine-stimulated acid output. This increased sensitivity of parietal cells to a cholinomimetic stimulus after vagal denervation is an example of Cannon's law of denervation supersensitivity. Inhibition of Urecholine-stimulated secretion by duodenal acidification was not significantly modified by vagal denervation (40% inhibition before, 38% after). Percentage inhibition of acid output by secretin was slightly increased after vagal denervation when the stimulant was Urecholine (42% inhibition before, 52% after) or pentagastrin (63% inhibition before, 73% after), but these changes were not statistically significant. Vagal denervation markedly increased the degree of inhibition of food-stimulated secretion (20% inhibition before, 71% after), suggesting that secretin is primarily an antagonist of gastrin.
Feature mining and pattern classification for steganalysis of LSB matching steganography in grayscale images

In this paper, we present a scheme based on feature mining and pattern classification to detect LSB matching steganography in grayscale images, which is a very challenging problem in steganalysis. Five types of features are proposed. In comparison with other well-known feature sets, the set of proposed features performs the best. We compare different learning classifiers and deal with the issue of feature selection that is rarely mentioned in steganalysis. In our experiments, the combination of a dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference system (DENFIS) with a feature selection of support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVMRFE) achieves the best detection performance. Results also show that image complexity is an important reference to evaluation of steganalysis performance.
Structural Basis for μ-Opioid Receptor Binding and Activation

Summary Opioids that stimulate the μ-opioid receptor (MOR1) are the most frequently prescribed and effective analgesics. Here we present a structural model of MOR1. Molecular dynamics simulations show a ligand-dependent increase in the conformational flexibility of the third intracellular loop that couples with the G protein complex. These simulations likewise identified residues that form frequent contacts with ligands. We validated the binding residues using site-directed mutagenesis coupled with radioligand binding and functional assays. The model was used to blindly screen a library of ∼1.2 million compounds. From the 34 compounds predicted to be strong binders, the top three candidates were examined using biochemical assays. One compound showed high efficacy and potency. Post hoc testing revealed this compound to be nalmefene, a potent clinically used antagonist, thus further validating the model. In summary, the MOR1 model provides a tool for elucidating the structural mechanism of ligand-initiated cell signaling and for screening novel analgesics.
Self-Esteem Memories: Feeling Good About Achievement Success, Feeling Bad About Relationship Distress

College students and middle-aged adults provided memories of occasions when they felt especially good or especially bad about themselves. Probes directed the memory search to several age intervals during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Predominant themes represented in self-esteem memories differed consistently as a function of emotional valence. Memories of positive self-worth frequently focused on achievement/mastery themes, whereas memories of negative self-worth frequently focused on interpersonal/affiliation themes. When people evaluate the self through the lens of autobiographical memory, interpersonal distress is portrayed as especially damaging and achievement success is portrayed as especially enhancing. The asymmetry between positive and negative self-esteem memories is explained using multiple theoretical perspectives within social and personality psychology.
Heat capacities and entropies of liquid polyfluoroethylenes and polychloroethylenes

Through new measurements and from literature data, the heat capacity of all liquid polyfluoroethylenes could be established as: above 480 k, and as below 480 K in J/(K mol), where NF is the mole fraction of F atoms. In connection with previously established heat capacities of the solid polymers, enthalpies, entropies, and residual entropies of the glassy state at 0 K were computed. Data for liquid polychloroethylenes are much less complete, and the thermodynamic functions could only be established for liquid poly(vinyl chloride) and compared with the data for solid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
Optimization of Taxiway Traversal at Congested Airports

Airport runways and taxiways have been identified as a key source of system-wide congestion and delay in the over-strained commercial air trafficsystem. To combat this growing problem, we present a novel approach for taxiway scheduling and traversal. Aircraft must traverse a taxiway, represented by a graph, from gates to their respective runways and arrive at their scheduled times while adhering to safety separation constraints. We describe a combinatorial mixed integer linear program to simultaneously determine the optimal pushback time windows, aircraft speeds, stopping times, and in particular, traversal paths for a given graph and an imposed flight schedule. Several scenarios are presented to demonstrate possible uses for this tool.
60GHz CMOS differential and transformer-coupled power amplifier for compact design

A 57-65 GHz differential and transformer-coupled power amplifier using a commercial 90 nm digital CMOS process is presented. On-chip transformers combine bias, stability and input/interstage matching networks for a compact design with an area of 0.15 mm2. The three-stage amplifier consumes 70 mA under 1.2 V supply voltage. The small-signal gain generally exceeds 15 dB with saturated output power levels over 12 dBm and associated peak power-added efficiency (PAE) greater than 20% (14% across the band).
Temporal filtering properties of midbrain neurons in an electric fish: implications for the function of dendritic spines

Electrosensory neurons in the torus semicircularis (midbrain) of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia vary considerably in their dendritic structure and responses to modulations of the amplitude of electric organ discharges. We investigated possible relations between these properties by recording intracellularly and labeling individual neurons while modulating stimulus amplitude over rates of approximately 2-20 Hz. Morphologically distinct cell types generally differed in their responses to these stimuli. The amplitude envelope of the stimulus was nicely reflected in fluctuations of the membrane potential of heavily spined neurons. The amplitude of these stimulus-related depolarizations decreased markedly as the stimulus modulation rate was increased. For aspiny or sparsely spined neurons, however, the amplitude of stimulus-related depolarizations either increased or remained constant over this range of modulation rates. In these cells, the amplitude envelope of the stimulus was not well represented in the membrane potential. Instead, fast EPSPs were observed that varied in number over time in accordance with the amplitude envelope of the stimulus. Aspiny neurons in the tectum also coded the amplitude envelope of stimuli with poor fidelity. The amplitude of stimulus-related depolarizations, however, decreased as the rate of modulation of stimulus amplitude was increased, consistent with the notion that tectal neurons receive afferent input from the spiny toral neurons. Spiny neurons appear, therefore, to act as low-pass filters of temporal information in sensory signals. Aspiny cells, however, code high temporal frequencies. These data support the hypothesis that dendritic spines contribute to the low-pass filtering of inputs to neurons.
The Morphology and Evolution of the Ear in Actinopterygian Fishes

SYNOPSIS. In this paper we consider various aspects of the anatomy and ultrastructure of the actinopterygian ear and make a number of suggestions on the possible adaptive significance of the structural specializations. The focus of the arguments is based upon the substantial inter-specific variation in teleost auditory systems as measured anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically. It is potentially of considerable significance that the major points of inter-specific variation in the teleost ear are associated with the gross morphology and ultrastructure of the otolithic organ most often implicated in sound detection, the sacculus. Analysis of patterns of sacculus ultrastructure has led to the conclusion that there are, in effect, only about five different saccular ultrastructural patterns but that these patterns are broadly found throughout the teleost fishes. Based upon patterns of inter-specific variation in the sacculus and in other aspects of the ear and more peripheral auditory structures ( e.g. , swimbladder), it is argued that adaptations encountered in the teleost auditory system cannot be used as reliable taxonomic indicators among fishes. Rather, it is proposed that the teleost auditory system is quite maleable in the evolutionary sense, and that interspecific similarities in many features of the auditory system reflect convergent evoluuon, rather than phylogenetic affinities. The actual selective pressures operating in the evoluuon of the fish auditory system are still essentially unknown. In addition, we cannot be certain that similar ear patterns in different species reflect convergent evolution (or common ancestry), or that conversely, different ear patterns among species reflect differences in auditory function.
An integrated microfluidic platform for in situ cellular cytokine secretion immunophenotyping

Rapid, quantitative detection of cell-secreted biomarker proteins with a low sample volume holds great promise to advance cellular immunophenotyping techniques for personalized diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Here we achieved such an assay with the THP-1 human acute moncytic leukemia cell line (a model for human monocyte) using a highly integrated microfluidic platform incorporating a no-wash bead-based chemiluminescence immunodetection scheme. Our microfluidic device allowed us to stimulate cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an endotoxin causing septic shock due to severely pronounced immune response of the human body, under a well-controlled on-chip environment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted from stimulated THP-1 cells was subsequently measured within the device with no flushing process required. Our study achieved high-sensitivity cellular immunophenotyping with 20-fold fewer cells than current cell-stimulation assay. The total assay time was also 7 times shorter than that of a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our strategy of monitoring immune cell functions in situ using a microfluidic platform could impact future medical treatments of acute infectious diseases and immune disorders by enabling a rapid, sample-efficient cellular immunophenotyping analysis.
USE OF THE RHOMBOID FLAP GRAFT IN RECONSTRUCTIVE LID SURGERY

Summary Extensive destructive and erosive lesions of the eye lids may be the result of neoplasia, severe trauma, or inflammation. Surgical repair requires blepharoplastic procedures to restore the lid integrity and maintain a functionally sighted globe. The use of the rhomboid advancement flap is illustrated for the repair of lid defects involving destruction of 50% or more of the lid tissue.
Localized Basis for Lattice Vibrations

Abstract : For the case of electrons in a periodic lattice there exist extended basis functions (Bloch waves) and localized basis functions (Wannier functions). It is shown that also for lattice vibrations there exists, in addition to the usual extended basis functions (normal modes), a set of localized basis functions. These are non-trivial only for lattices with several atoms per unit cell. Examples are worked out and discussed. These functions appear to be of interest for the treatment of defects and other problems calling for a localized description. (Author)
Drinking to distraction: Does alcohol increase attentional bias in adults with ADHD?

Previous research has shown that social drinkers continue to show attentional bias toward alcohol-related stimuli even after consuming a moderate dose of alcohol. In contrast, little is known about how alcohol acutely affects attentional bias in groups at risk to develop alcohol-related problems, such as adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Such individuals may show increased attentional bias following alcohol relative to nonclinical controls. The present study tested this hypothesis by examining acute alcohol effects on attentional bias in 20 social drinkers with ADHD and 20 social drinkers with no history of ADHD. Participants performed a visual-probe task after receiving the following doses of alcohol: 0.64g/kg, 0.32g/kg, and 0.0g/kg (placebo). Those in the ADHD group showed increased attentional bias under active alcohol doses, whereas attentional bias was similar across doses in the control group. Attentional bias predicted ad libitum alcohol consumption during a taste-rating session. This relation was observed only in the ADHD group. These findings indicate that an acute alcohol dose increases attentional bias in adults with ADHD. Further, attentional bias appears to be a predictor of ad libitum consumption in this group.
Comparative anatomy and function of the leptaucheniine oreodont middle ear

ABSTRACT Leptaucheniine oreodonts (Merycoidodontidae, Leptaucheniinae) have extremely well-inflated auditory bullae—apparently the largest, relative to body size, among artiodactyls. Leptaucheniines have middle ear volumes (ranging from about 4.0 to 8.5 cc) several times those of extant bovids and cervids of comparable body size. A well-developed, smooth-walled, and laterally-elongate epitympanic sinus, underlies the leptaucheniine mastoid region and comprises 14–21% of total middle ear volume; it is a uniquely derived condition that parallels the enlarged epitympanic sinus seen in some members of other mammalian orders (e.g., Carnivora). Several other features characterize the cranium of leptaucheniines, including: low, flattened skull, rod-like basioccipital and basisphenoid, and prominent petrosal-squamosal contact. In a comparison of several extant and fossil artiodactyls, clear patterns emerge in the relationship of middle ear volume to basicranial axis length (used here as an estimator of overall sk...
Juan Ramon Jimenez and the poetry of T. S. Eliot

(1981). Juan Ramon Jimenez and the poetry of T. S. Eliot. Renaissance and Modern Studies: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 155-165.
Mechanisms and mediators of lung injury after acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients, associated with >50% mortality in those in intensive care who require renal replacement therapy. Data suggest that AKI is a systemic disease that adversely affects the immune system and organ function, and in this way contributes to the high mortality observed in affected patients. Data from patients and animal models indicate that AKI adversely affects the lungs. Respiratory complications are common in patients with AKI and include pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation. The development of respiratory failure in patients with AKI greatly increases the risk of death. Data from animal models support the notion that cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (from volume overload) and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (from endothelial injury due to inflammation and apoptosis) can occur in AKI. In this Review we discuss the clinical, epidemiologic, and animal data that provide insights into the mechanisms by which AKI can lead to lung injury and respiratory complications. Elucidation of the mechanisms of lung injury and respiratory complications after AKI is essential to develop effective therapies and reduce the high mortality associated with AKI and respiratory failure.
Basketry and Basketmakers at Antelope House

Preliminary analysis of the large and somewhat atypical Pueblo III basketry assemblage from Antelope House suggests the possibility of isolating individual basketmakers and groups of basketmakers within the Antelope House population. Observations are offered on the methodology of distinguishing individual basket-makers at this site. The assemblage as a unit is compared to other Pueblo III basketry collections.
Cross-Section Study on Return of Stocks to Future-Expectation Theorem

This paper discuss an application of behavioral finance. To understand Efficient Market Hypothesis, we present a cross-section analysis in this paper with a multi-various regression model. This paper explains return of stock prices by the return of fundamental factors and also compares the coefficients of returns of current fundamentals and that of the fundamentals in previous years. Results show Total Equity is the only fundamental factors that show significance explaining return of stock prices. Furthermore, the result shows that the coefficients of current fundamentals are statistically more significant than the previous ones, which illustrates that market digests all current publicly available information and moves relatively by information at present instead of the past. Lastly, the paper lands on an introduction of Future-expectation Theorem.
System design

A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION is being paid to the celestial mechanics of space flight and the synthesis of systems to control space vehicles, satellites, and missiles. However, no less important is the problem of the practical design and construction of the vehicles and control hardware which will be required to realize our current potentialities in meeting the challenge of space travel. The scope of the discussion to follow will be restricted by omitting consideration of specific instruments, such as inertial components, platforms, etc., and concentrate on the over-all problem of electrical and mechanical design of parts, components, and systems. Consideration will be given to the physical design of control systems as well as power systems required to provide motivating energy. The attributes of reliability and accuracy will also be treated insofar as they affect the aforementioned topics.
Abstract 3711: Human colon mucosal crypts in culture: a model to assess colon chemoprevention.

Introduction: In order to advance a primary cell culture model of human colonic carcinogenesis we developed methods for the isolation and in vitro maintenance of intact colonic crypts from normal human colon tissue and adenomatous polyps. Methods: Fresh biopsy samples were transported in culture medium containing 1.5mM Ca 2+ and antimicrobials. The mucosa/submucosa was surgically separated from the muscularis propria and incubated in 10mM dithiothreitol followed by 8mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Crypts were agitated free, washed with slow spins, and immediately embedded in a 3-dimensional environment at a density of 50 crypts/50μl Matrigel. After 3 hours, media was replaced to remove non-viable cellular products. Serum-free medium, containing low Ca 2+ (0.15mM), was used to maintain crypt cultures. Cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed with markers Ki67 and E-cadherin by confocal microscopy. The fluorescence signal was quantified for the bottom 1/3 of the crypts (35 cells from base on one crypt edge) using morphometric imaging software. In parallel studies, abnormal crypt-like structures were isolated from adenomatous polyps/adenocarcinoma and maintained in a similar culture system. Results: At day-1 in culture, Ki67 expression was strong in the proliferating cells at the crypt base, with E-cadherin staining increasing towards the crypt apex. By day-3, E-cadherin expression became much more prominent and Ki67 decreased dramatically. This culture system preserved the in vivo phenotype of the crypts and allowed for the colonic epithelial cells to follow the physiological sequence of progression from proliferation to differentiation. Adenomatous tissue in culture at day-1 showed expression for Ki67 and E-cadherin but lacked spacial organization. Conclusion: Intact colonic crypts from normal and abnormal human mucosa can be viably maintained in 3-D culture for 72 hours. This primary human in vitro 3-D model may be used to model efficacy of colonic cancer chemopreventives. Citation Format: Michael K. Dame, Yan Jiang, Danielle Kim Turgeon, Henry Appelman, Muhammad N. Aslam, Kelly Copley, Durga Attili, Dean E. Brenner, James Varani. Human colon mucosal crypts in culture: a model to assess colon chemoprevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3711
Active Magnetic Bearings for High Speed Spindle Design With Nonlinear Time-Frequency Control

A novel concept applicable to the control of spindles at high speed is developed by using active magnetic bearings (AMBs) that are non-contact and of low vibration. Though former studies are abundant and demonstrating promising potentials, however, two major issues hamper the broader application of AMBs. The first is the disregard for the gyroscopic effect and geometry coupling that influence the magnitude as well as distribution of the electromagnetic force in AMBs. Not considering the two has a significant implication for the proper control of AMBs. This paper considers the gyroscopic effect and explores the geometry coupling of the electromagnetic actuators to the formulation of a comprehensive nonlinear AMB-rotor model. The model provides the basis for the creation of a novel time-frequency control algorithm whose derivation requires no linearization or mathematical simplification of any kind, thus allowing the model system to retain its true fundamental characteristics. Unlike proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers that are dominant in most if not all AMB configurations, the controller developed for the research is inspired by the wavelet-based nonlinear time-frequency control methodology that incorporates the basic notions of online system identification and adaptive control. Due to the fact that dynamic instability is characterized by time-varying frequency and non-stationary spectrum, the control of AMBs needs be executed in the time and frequency-domain concurrently to ensure stability and performance at high speed. Wavelet filter banks and filtered-x least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm are two of the major salient physical features of the controller design, with the former providing concurrent temporal and spectral resolutions needed for identifying the nonlinear state of motion and the latter ensuring the dynamic stability of the AMB-rotor system at extremely high speed. It is shown that the vibration of the rotor is unconditionally controlled by maintaining a mandatory 0.55 mm air gap at 187,500 rpm subject to a tight spatial constraint (tolerance) of the order of 0.1375mm, which is the 25% of the air gap.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis of the eyelid

Idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis is a rare mucosal or cutaneous disorder characterized clinically by papules or plaques with variable erosion and microscopically by dense dermal inflammatory cell infiltrates with numerous plasma cells. It has been described in the oral and upper aerodigestive tracts, male and female genitalia, and other mucosal surfaces. In this article, the authors describe a case of idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis occurring in the skin of the eyelid that was removed by excisional biopsy and has not recurred in the 19-month follow-up period.
CFD numerical simulation of eccentric annuli flow field

The geometric models of eccentric annuli flow field were established in the computational fluid dynamics PHOENICS-VR.Uniform and orthogonal grids were introduced,turbulence modeling and wall function methods were applied to settle the solid wall boundary.Eccentric annuli flow field was calculated under varied eccentricity.The effect of eccentricity on eccentric flow field velocity distribution and pressure loss were discussed.The pressure loss simulation values whose dimension is 1 were compared with the literature the expression formula results of PR under the condition of different eccentricity values were given,when dimension of eccentric annuli flow field was 1,which were fitted well.
Abstract PR03: Combinatorial blockade of PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 pathways inhibits murine ovarian tumor growth.

We have previously shown that tumor-associated or infiltrating T cells (TALs or TILs) often co-express immune inhibitory receptors lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in human and murine ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME). Dual antibody blockade or genetic knockout of LAG3 and PD1 significantly enhanced T effector function and delayed ovarian tumor growth. The relative contribution of other immune inhibitory receptors to immune suppression in the ovarian TME, and whether they co-regulate each other are currently unknown. To address this, we analyzed the expression of multiple immune checkpoint proteins and their cognate ligands in ovarian tumor-bearing wild-type (WT), LAG3KO and PD1KO mice. We found that PD-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), LAG-3, T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and CD160 were elevated in TILs from the WT mice. Interestingly, compared with TILs of WT mice, the levels of LAG-3, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 were further significantly elevated in TILs from the tumor-bearing PD1KO mice; while the levels of PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD160 were further increased in the tumor-bearing LAG3KO mice. These results suggest that PD-1 and LAG-3 regulate the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors in the ovarian TME. Furthermore, combinatorial blockade with anti-LAG3 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies in the tumor-bearing PD1KO mice resulted in 30% tumor-rejection as compared to 10% by anti-CTLA4 alone or only delayed tumor growth by anti-LAG3. These data provide a strong basis for rational clinical testing of combinatorial blockade of the PD-1, LAG-3 and CTLA-4 immune inhibitory pathways for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. This abstract is also presented as Poster A51. Citation Format: Ruea-Yea Huang, AJ McGray, Kunle Odunsi. Combinatorial blockade of PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 pathways inhibits murine ovarian tumor growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adults

A 55-year-old black man presents for a blood pressure evaluation. He is trying to be more physically active and health conscious but has not seen a physician for five years. He takes no medications, has no concerns, and his physical examination findings are unremarkable. According to the blood pressure monitoring machine at his gym, his blood pressure has ranged from 150 to 160 over 90 to 100 mm Hg over several weeks. Your clinic's technician, using a manual sphygmomanometer on the left arm, measures his blood pressure as 167/95 mm Hg.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Diastereomers of the Virulence Lanthipeptide Cytolysin

Cytolysin, a two-component lanthipeptide comprising cytolysin S (CylLS″) and cytolysin L (CylLL″), is the only family member to exhibit lytic activity against mammalian cells in addition to synergistic antimicrobial activity. A subset of the thioether cross-links of CylLS″ and CylLL″ have ll stereochemistry instead of the canonical dl stereochemistry in all previously characterized lanthipeptides. The synthesis of a CylLS″ variant with dl stereochemistry is reported. Its antimicrobial activity was found to be decreased, but not its lytic activity against red blood cells. Hence, the unusual ll stereochemistry is not responsible for the lytic activity.
Development of Thick Electroplated Bismuth Absorbers for Large Collection Area Hard X-ray Transition Edge Sensors

Transition edge sensors (TES) offer some of the highest resolutions for solid-state X-ray spectrometers. We are developing TES detectors for use at hard X-ray synchrotron light sources for energy ranges up to 20 keV. Because TES resolving power scales inversely with the square root of heat capacity, it is important to have an absorber with both a small heat capacity and a large X-ray stopping power. We are developing electroplated bismuth (Bi) absorbers to meet these criteria. Although Bi has a smaller X-ray absorption at 20 keV than gold, the specific heat is up to two orders of magnitude smaller, allowing for much larger collection area (up to 1 mm $^{2}$ ) without significantly increasing the total device specific heat. However, due to its low thermal conductivity, Bi absorbers may have longer thermalization times. Also, some evaporated Bi absorbers may produce spectra with low-energy tails that will hinder X-ray line shape analysis and increase minimum detectability limits of trace metals for X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We examine the impact of plating current density, agitation, film thickness, and seed layer thickness on the grain size, residual resistance ratio, and uniformity of Bi absorbers. Additionally, we discuss processing considerations important for successful electroplating.
Impact of Surgeon Specialty on Perioperative Outcomes of Surgery for Benign Esophageal Diseases: A NSQIP Analysis.

Abstract Background: Surgery for benign esophageal disease is mostly performed either by general surgeons (GS) or cardiothoracic surgeons (CTS) in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgeon specialty on perioperative outcomes of surgery for benign esophageal diseases. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a retrospective analysis using the ACS-NSQIP during the period of 2006–2013. Patients who underwent paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repair, gastric fundoplication, or Heller esophagomyotomy were divided into two groups according to the specialty of the surgeon (GS or CTS). Outcomes compared between the two groups using multivariable logistic regression included 30-day mortality, overall morbidity, discharge destination, hospital length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates. Results: Most of the surgeries were performed by general surgeons (PEH: 97.1%; fundoplication: 97.6%; Heller: 91.6%). Patients had lower comorbidities, better physical condition, and underwent a l...
Taxonomic recovery of the species in the Chenopodium neomexicanum (Chenopodiaceae) complex and description of Chenopodium sonorense sp. nov.1

Abstract We utilize fruit and seed morphology to help clarify the taxonomy of the Chenopodium neomexicanum complex. All previously synonymized taxa are recovered, and one new species within this complex, Chenopodium sonorense Benet-Pierce & M. G. Simpson, is described. For all members of the complex we present a descriptive characterization. We include a dichotomous key for members of this species complex, integrating both reproductive and vegetative characters.
High-contrast spectroscopy testbed for segmented telescopes

The High Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) at Caltech is aimed at filling gaps in technology for future exoplanet imagers and providing the U.S. community with an academic facility to test components and techniques for high contrast imaging with future segmented ground-based telescope (TMT, E-ELT) and space-based telescopes (HabEx, LUVOIR). The HCST will be able to simulate segmented telescope geometries up to 1021 hexagonal segments and time-varying external wavefront disturbances. It also contains a wavefront corrector module based on two deformable mirrors followed by a classical 3-plane single-stage corona- graph (entrance apodizer, focal-plane mask, Lyot stop) and a science instrument. The back-end instrument will consist of an imaging detector and a high-resolution spectrograph, which is a unique feature of the HCST. The spectrograph instrument will utilize spectral information to characterize simulated planets at the photon-noise limit, measure the chromaticity of new optimized coronagraph and wavefront control concepts, and test the overall scientific functions of high-resolution spectrographs on future segmented telescopes.
Evaluation of viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio of asphalt mixtures

The Poisson’s ratio (PR) of asphalt mixtures is an important input parameter in the constitutive models for pavement design and performance analysis. The design and performance analysis of asphalt ...
Periconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Risk of Congenital Malformations.

Objective To evaluate the association between increased exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during the periconception period with risk of congenital anomalies. Study design Using birth certificate data from the Ohio Department of Health (2006-2010) and PM2.5 data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's 57 monitoring stations located throughout Ohio, the geographic coordinates of the mother's residence for each birth were linked to the nearest PM2.5 monitoring station and monthly exposure averages were calculated. The association between congenital anomalies and increased PM2.5 levels was estimated, with adjustment for coexistent risk factors. Results After adjustment for coexisting risk factors, exposure to increased levels of PM2.5 in the air during the periconception period was modestly associated with risk of congenital anomalies. Compared with other periconception exposure windows, increased exposure during the 1 month before conception was associated with the highest risk increase at lesser distances from monitoring stations. The strongest influences of PM2.5 on individual malformations were found with abdominal wall defects and hypospadias, especially during the 1-month preconception. Conclusions Increased exposure to PM2.5 in the periconception period is associated with some modest risk increases for congenital malformations. The most susceptible time of exposure appears to be the 1 month before and after conception. Although the increased risk with PM2.5 exposure is modest, the potential impact on a population basis is noteworthy because all pregnant women have some degree of exposure.
Structurally Defined Conditional Data-Flow Static Analysis

Data flow analysis (DFA) is an important verification technique that computes the effect of data values propagating over program paths. While more precise than flow-insensitive analyses, such an analysis is time-consuming.
Conjunctive width heuristics for maximal constraint satisfaction

A constraint satisfaction problem may not admit a complete solution; in this case a good partial solution may be acceptable. This paper presents new techniques for organizing search with branch and bound algorithms so that maximal partial solutions (those having the maximum possible number of satisfied constraints) can be obtained in reasonable time for moderately sized problems. The key feature is a type of variable-ordering heuristic that combines width at a node of the constraint graph (number of constraints shared with variables already chosen) with factors such as small domain size that lead to inconsistencies in values of adjacent variables. Ordering based on these heuristics leads to a rapid rise in branch and bound's cost function together with local estimates of future cost, which greatly enhances lower bound calculations. Both retrospective and prospective algorithms based on these heuristics are dramatically superior to earlier branch and bound algorithms developed for this domain.
E-well: Multi-sectoral development of rural areas

Key aspects of the “e-well”-project concern the evaluation of the impact and sustainability of integrated, multi-sectoral approaches to the development of rural areas in the least advanced countries. The development approaches include, but are note limited to, the usage of multi-purpose tele-centres and the formalisation and publication of local, collective knowledge. Aim is also a reduction of the Digital Divide, particularly obvious in rural areas of developing countries. Focus is on sustainability by fostering simultaneous development activities in multiple sectors (education, health, economy, culture) based on the assessment of local needs.
Separation of Alkali Metal Cations by Polymer-Supported Liquid Membranes Using Ionizable Crown Ethers12

Strzelbicki, J., Strzelbicka, B., Lubboch, E. and Bartsch, R. A., 1990. Separation of alkali metal cations by polymer-supported liquid membranes using ionizable crown ethers. Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference 1990, Kyoto, Japan, July 16 - 21, 1990. sym-(Decyl)dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid (1) and sym-(decyl)dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxymethylphosphoric acid monoethyl ester (2) were tested as ion carriers for selective transport of alkali metal cations through polymer-supported liquid membranes. Influence of an ionizable group, temperature, organic membrane solvent, and the pH of the aqueous source solution on metal cation permeation was investigated. It was found that sodium cation was selectively transported from the aqueous mixture of Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+. Selectivity and rate of permeation were strongly influenced as well by the molecular structure of an ion carrier as by process variables. The highest selectivity was obtained with 1. The permeation rate increased with increasing temperature and it was slower if n-octyl 2-nitrophenyl ether was used as solvent in the organic phase compared to n-pentyl 2-nitrophenyl ether. No remarkable influence of the pH of the source solution on Na+ transport rate from basic solutions was found.