cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Liver Injury Associated with Anorexia Nervosa

While mild to moderate elevation of liver transaminases is common with anorexia nervosa, acute hepatic injury with severe elevation of transaminases and coagulopathy is rare . We report a 24-year male with anorexia nervosa who was presented with acute liver injury. Alanine transferase and aspartate transferase peaked at 2033 IU/ml and 1410 IU/ml respectively. More common causes of acute liver injury were ruled out. Liver biopsy did not show centrilobular necrosis or congestion which are the hallmarks of ischemic liver injury. The patient has improved on re-institution of proper nutrition. In conclusion, acute liver injury can occasionally be caused by anorexia nervosa. The pathophysiologic mechanism involved, on contrary to what previously reported, is unlikely tissue hypoperfusion.
Geographic and social disparities in exposure to air neurotoxicants at U.S. public schools

Children are especially vulnerable to the health and developmental impacts of environmental hazards and they spend significant portions of their days at school. Yet there are no national-level studies examining school-level environmental inequalities and few have examined disparate exposure to neurological air toxicants, even though chronic exposure to air pollution impacts children's brain functioning. We paired information about the geographic locations and demographics of each public school in the US with air neurotoxicant exposure estimates pertaining to 24 known neurotoxicants included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Air Toxics Assessment. Using bivariate and multivariate statistics, we tested for environmental injustices in air neurotoxicant exposure at 84,969 US public schools. Metropolitan New York City (EPA Region 2) is the geographic region most burdened by air neurotoxicant exposures at schools since one-third of all schools in that region are in the top 10% (at "high risk") for ambient neurotoxicant exposure among all schools nationwide. Students attending "high risk" public schools nationwide are significantly more likely to be eligible for free/reduced price meals, and to be Hispanic, black, or Asian/Pacific Islander (API). They are significantly less likely to be white or of another race. In a multivariate generalized estimating equation controlling for school district effects, schools with greater proportions of Hispanic, black, and API students, schools with higher enrollment, and schools located in more urban (vs. rural) counties face greater risks. Schools serving the youngest students (e.g., pre-kindergarten) have greater levels of risk than schools serving older students. Across all analyses, this study shows that racial/ethnic minority children are bearing the brunt of air neurotoxicant exposures at school, which may be unequally impacting their school performance and future potential.
The Negative Influence of Prior World Series Victory on Attendance: Winning and Increased Fan Apathy

The paper examines attendance data for Major League Baseball (MLB). The results indicate a negative relationship between prior World Series wins and current attendance. The results are consistent w...
Debating planetary urbanization: For an engaged pluralism:

This essay reflects on recent debates around planetary urbanization, many of which have been articulated through dismissive caricatures of the core epistemological orientations, conceptual proposal...
Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease

I. How accurate are the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease? II. Does neuroimaging increase the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer disease in the clinical setting? A. Structural neuroimaging 1. Special case: volumetric measurements B. Functional neuroimaging C. Other magnetic resonance techniques III. Can neuroimaging identify individuals at elevated risk for Alzheimer disease and predict its future development? A. Prodromal Alzheimer disease, or mild cognitive impairment B. Asymptomatic apolipoprotein E e4 carriers IV. Is neuroimaging cost-effective for the clinical evaluation of Alzheimer disease? V. Can neuroimaging measure disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer disease?
Arteriovenous Fistula Simulating Arteriovenous Malformation

A 36-year-old man was thought (for 20 years) to have an arteriovenous malformation that could not be excised. Repeated ligations of proximal arterial supply to the vascular lesion were only transiently beneficial and may have caused a delay in correct diagnosis because of impaired angioaccess. Once it was discovered that he had an arteriovenous fistula--probably caused by a tonsillectomy at age 6--it was possible to occlude the fistula with detachable balloons. The mass and his headaches subsequently resolved. AV fistulas are caused by trauma. Growth of AVMs is often stimulated by trauma. Both lesions have pulsatile masses associated with overlying bruits. The differential diagnosis can usually be made by arteriography, since AV fistulas are acquired lesions with a single communication between an artery and a vein, whereas AVMs are congenital lesions with multiple, large arterial feeding vessels and numerous arteriovenous communications. Proper diagnosis is important, since AVMs are aggressive lesions that tend to regrow if not completely excised. AV fistulas will be cured if the single arteriovenous communication can be obliterated. Proper treatment for AV fistula is obliteration of the single arteriovenous communication, operatively or with occlusive balloons; treatment of AVMs--when possible--is excision of the entire mass, combined (on occasion) with preoperative embolization of the tumor mass. This case report emphasizes the importance of accuracy in the differential diagnosis between arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas; moreover, it demonstrates both the ineffectiveness and deleterious consequences of proximal arterial ligation, since collateral development is enhanced and angiographic access is compromised.
Introduction to Design Science Research

Since the dawn of the digital revolution, information technologies have changed the way we live, work, play, and entertain. Designers of IT-based digital technology products play a critical role in ensuring that their designed artifacts are not just beautiful but provide value to their users. Users are increasingly interacting with a digital world. Designing interactions in this new world is a challenging task. The experiences we have when we browse the web, or visit amazon.com, sell/buy stuff on eBay or play amusing games on our mobile cell phones do have a tremendous impact on how we live our lives. Designing information systems is even more challenging.
Reproductive Cyclicity and Breeding in the Squirrel Monkey

Some behavioral research was done with squirrel monkeys in a captive environment in the 1930s, but the first captive births of this species did not occur until 1940, and only more recently has extensive use been made of it. Its value in various nutritional and cardiovascular studies has led to increased efforts to breed this animal in captivity. Its small size, ease of handling, and relatively simple management requirements make it an attractive animal for research laboratories, and in fact it is the second most commonly used species for the purpose.
Turn Down for What? The Economic Value of Operational Flexibility in Electricity Markets

This paper explores how enhanced flexibility through lower minimum load levels (also called “turndown” limits) for coal- and natural-gas-fired power plants can impact operations and profitability. Using soft-linked capacity planning and unit commitment models, this research examines the economic value of this flexibility and variation across different regions, generation asset types, and market environments (e.g., level of renewable deployment). Model results suggest that lower minimum loads are most valuable for mid-merit units with intermediate capacity factors, policy conditions that rearrange the merit order (e.g., carbon pricing), regions and scenarios without seasonal layup of assets, and units that are more flexible than generators with otherwise similar characteristics. Lower minimum loads can increase operating hours, increase net revenues, and decrease startups and long-run maintenance costs. The scenarios in this analysis show that plant flexibility affects operations more than annual profitability, which may have a higher system value for integrating renewables than a private value for the flexible unit. For many plants, the modest changes in net revenues with lower minimums mean that the focus will likely be on making operational modifications to increase flexibility rather than on capital investments. Additionally, this analysis quantifies how revenues from ancillary services markets can boost the value of lower minimum loads, especially for efficient natural gas units, but total market size and depth are uncertain.
Optimized Scoring Systems: Toward Trust in Machine Learning for Healthcare and Criminal Justice

The authors developed and implemented transparent machine-learning models that call into question the use of black-box machine-learning models in healthcare and criminal justice applications.
Extended live-tracking and quantitative characterization of wound healing and cell migration with SiR-Hoechst

Cell migration is essential to many life processes, including immune response, tissue repair, and cancer progression. A reliable quantitative characterization of the cell migration can therefore aid in the high throughput screening of drug efficacy in wound healing and cancer treatments. In this work, we report what we believe is the first use of SiR-Hoechst for extended live tracking and automated analysis of cell migration and wound healing. We showed through rigorous statistical comparisons that this far-red label does not affect migratory behavior. We observed excellent automated tracking of random cell migration, in which the motility parameters (speed, displacement, path length, directionality ratio, persistence time, and direction autocorrelation) obtained closely match those obtained from manual tracking. We also present an analysis framework to characterize the healing of a scratch wound from the perspective of single cells. The use of SiR-Hoechst is advantageous for the crowded environments in wound healing assays because as long as cell nuclei do not overlap, continuous tracking can be maintained even if there is cell-cell contact. In this paper, we report wound recovery based on the number of cells migrating into the wound over time, normalized by the initial cell count prior to the infliction of the wound. This normalized cell count approach is impervious to operator bias during the arbitration of wound edges and is also robust against variability that arises due to differences in the cell density of different samples. Additional wound healing characteristics were also defined based on the evolution of cell speed and directionality during healing. Not unexpected, the wound healing cells exhibited much higher tendency to maintain the same migratory direction in comparison to the randomly migrating cells. The use of SiR-Hoechst thus greatly simplified the automation of single cell and whole population analysis with high spatial and temporal resolution over extended periods of time.
Failed rifting and fast drifting: Midcontinent Rift development, Laurentia’s rapid motion and the driver of Grenvillian orogenesis

Author(s): Swanson-Hysell, NL; Ramezani, J; Fairchild, LM; Rose, IR | Abstract: The late Mesoproterozoic was a time of large-scale tectonic activity both in the interior and on the margins of Laurentia-most notably the development of the Midcontinent Rift and the Grenvillian orogeny. Volcanism within the North American Midcontinent Rift between ca. 1109 and 1083 Ma, as well as other contemporaneous volcanism within Laurentia, has provided an opportunity to develop extensive paleomagnetic data sets spanning this time period. These data result in an apparent polar wander path (APWP) for Laurentia that goes from a high-latitude apex known as the Logan Loop into a swath known as the Keweenawan Track. A longstanding challenge of these data was the appearance of asymmetry between relatively steep reversed polarity directions from older rift rocks and relatively shallow normal polarity directions from younger rift rocks. This asymmetry was used to support an interpretation that there were large non-dipolar components to the geomagnetic field at the time. Recent data sets support the interpretation that this directional change was progressive and therefore a result of very rapid motion of Laurentia from high to low latitudes rather than a stepwise change across non-dipolar reversals. We present high-precision U-Pb dates from Midcontinent Rift volcanics that result in an improved chronostratigraphic framework for rift volcanics and unconformities that improves correlations as well as constraints on rift development. We use these dates in volcanostratigraphic context to temporally constrain a new compilation of Midcontinent Rift paleomagnetic poles. These paleomagnetic poles include new data from the North Shore Volcanic Group, Minnesota, USA and the Osler Volcanic Group, Ontario, Canada. The U-Pb dates constrain the rate of implied plate motion more precisely than has previously been possible. We apply a novel Bayesian approach to assess the rate of implied plate motion through inverting for paleomagnetic Euler poles. If the path is to be explained by a single Euler pole these inversions reveal that motion of the continent exceeded 27 cm/yr. The path is particularly well-explained by a model wherein there is continuous true polar wander in addition to rapid plate motion that changes direction and slows ca. 1096 Ma. Laurentia's movement from high to low latitudes resulted in collisional tectonics on its leading margin which could be associated with such a change in plate motion. We propose that upwelling of the Keweenawan mantle plume was associated with an avalanche of subducted slab material and associated downwelling that drove fast plate motion. This fast plate motion was followed by the Grenvillian orogeny from ca. 1090 to 980 Ma. Prolonged collisional orogenesis could have been sustained due to this strong convective cell that therefore played an integral role in the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia.
Reporting of Protocol Rationale and Content Validity in Randomized Clinical Trials of T'ai Chi: A Systematic Evaluation.

Abstract Background: Mind–body exercise interventions are typically multimodal, complex, and pluralistic, and few have been developed with the goal of therapeutically targeting a specific medical p...
Contrasting Winter Moose Nutritional Carrying Capacity Models on a Dynamic Landscape

Abstract Many models used to estimate nutritional carrying capacity (NCC) for ungulates differ structurally, but the implications of those differences are frequently unclear. We present a comparati...
Abstract 2630: Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 increases mitochondrial permeability and the downregulation of XIAP in lung cancer cells

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP) inhibitors have been shown to induce death of lung cancer cells, which involves the downregulation of x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). XIAP is a potent inhibitor of executioner caspases that promotes resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanism by which inhibiting BMP signaling downregulates XIAP has not been elucidated. We find that the BMP inhibitors JL5 and DMH2 downregulate XIAP and enhances cell death of TRAIL, Taxol, and AEG a Smac mimetic. JL5, which inhibits both type I and type II BMP receptors, enhances cell death of cancer therapeutics by decreasing the expression of XIAP, which leads to an increase in caspase activity. The downregulation of XIAP is mediated by the inhibition of the BMP type II receptor and not the BMP type I receptors. Knockdown of BMPR2 but not the BMP type I receptors increases mitochondrial permeability resulting in the release of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo into the cytosol. These studies suggest that the inhibition of BMPR2 increases cytosolic Smac/Diablo that inhibits XIAP enhancing apoptotic cell death of cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: Rachel E. NeMoyer, Elaine Langenfeld, John Langenfeld. Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 increases mitochondrial permeability and the downregulation of XIAP in lung cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2630.
Automatic, Age Consistent Reconstruction of the Corpus Callosum Guided by Coherency From In Utero Diffusion-Weighted MRI

Reconstruction of white matter connectivity in the fetal brain from in utero diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) faces many challenges, including subject motion, small anatomical scale, and limited image resolution and signal. These issues are compounded by the need to track significant changes in structural connectivity throughout development. We present an automated method for improved reliability and completeness of tract extraction across a wide range of gestational ages, based on the geometry of coherent patterns in streamline tractography, and apply it to the reconstruction of the corpus callosum. This method, focused specifically at addressing the challenges of fetal brain imaging, avoids depending on a tractography atlas, and handles variations in size, shape, and tissue properties of developing brains, both between subjects and across ages. Although tractography from in utero MRI generally suffers from a significant number of misleading and missing pathways, we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting the coherent bundle of the corpus callosum while avoiding inappropriate diversions into other tracts.
Metabolomics identifies circadian desynchronization and distinct intra-patient variability patterns in critical illness

Data were taken for 5 ICU patients and 5 healthy controls. Study participant ID's are preserved across the files. Healthy control IDs: CR_P_01, CR_P_02, CR_P_03, CR_P_05, CR_P_06 ICU patient IDs: CR_P_07, CR_P_08, CR_P_10, CR_P_11, CR_P_12
Reorganization of 3D genome structure in the Drosophila melanogaster species group

Abstract Topologically associating domains, or TADs, are functional units that organize chromosomes into 3D structures of interacting chromatin. TADs play an important role in regulating gene expression by constraining enhancer-promoter contacts; there is evidence that deletion of TAD boundaries leads to aberrant expression of neighboring genes. While the mechanisms of TAD formation have been well-studied, current knowledge on the extent of TAD conservation across species is inconclusive. Due to the integral role TADs play in gene regulation, their structure and organization is expected to be conserved during evolution. However, more recent research suggests that TAD structures diverge relatively rapidly. We use Hi-C chromosome conformation capture to measure evolutionary conservation of whole TADs and TAD boundary elements between D. melanogaster and D. triauraria, two early-branching species from the melanogaster species group which diverged ∼28 million years ago. We found that 75% of TAD boundaries are orthologous while only 25% of TAD domains are conserved and these are enriched for Polycomb-repressed chromatin. Our results show that TADs have been reorganized since the common ancestor of D. melanogaster and D. triauraria, yet the sequence elements that specify TAD boundaries remain highly conserved. We propose that evolutionary divergence in 3D genome organization results from shuffling of conserved boundary elements across chromosomes, breaking old TADs and creating new TAD architectures. This result supports the existence of distinct TAD subtypes: some may be evolutionarily flexible while others remain highly conserved due to their importance in restricting gene-regulatory element interactions.
Open Globe Injury with Intraocular Foreign Body.

Purpose:To investigate characteristics of Open Globe Injuries (OGI) that presented with Intra-Ocular Foreign Body (IOFB), along with their long-term visual outcomes and complications.Methods:Retros...
Liberty or Licentiousness: Disincentivizing Disparaging and Scandalous Marks Post-Tam and Brunetti

Recently, the US. Supreme Court struck down two provisions of section 2(a) of the Lanham Act. The provisions prohibiting the registration of disparaging marks and the prohibition on registering immoral or scandalous trademarks. In both cases, the court found that the regulation was not viewpoint neutral as required by the First Amendment. Of the challenged provisions, only the term "scandalous" is susceptible to a narrowing interpretation. Petty vulgar or offensive terms are on par without societal norms. This article contends that the worst of these terms should not receive trademark incentives to encourage their registration. As the dissents note in Burnetti, scandalous, if narrowly limited to the indecent or vulgar could be subject to some regulation of the manner of the speech and not the content. This article suggests that Congress change the law and bring the most offensive of epithets such as the N-word, C-word, etc. in as scandalous terms rather disparaging terms. It is unlikely that Congress will do so. Therefore, this article reviews the basic principles of trademark law and concludes that these terms will rarely serve a trademark function in the marketplace, and therefore, profane marks should not be protected under trademark law. Finally, for the rare marks that survive this scrutiny, equity may provide a solution. The article concludes by reviewing the history of morality in intellectual property and its role in equity. The doctrine of a public interest role in fashioning an equitable remedy is sufficiently broad to allow a court to consider the effects of the mark on society in determining whether to grant an injunction and the scope of the order.
Design and experimental validation of three way catalyst age estimator and Fisher information analysis for optimal sensor selection

Abstract Three way catalysts (TWCs) are installed downstream of internal combustion engines to mitigate the engine out pollutants generated from combustion. Accurate engine control systems are needed to achieve high conversion efficiency during vehicle operation and optimize TWC inputs. Accounting for TWC internal dynamics within the exhaust emission control design is key to enable improved engine and catalyst performance. However, since internal TWC dynamics cannot be directly measured, modeling and estimation of the converter’s dynamics are essential for the development of high performing exhaust emission control strategies. In this paper, a Dual Extended Kalman Filter (dEKF) is designed and experimentally validated for the estimation of both the TWC oxygen storage level, ϕ , and age-dependent oxygen storage capacity, O S C . The estimator design is based on an experimentally validated physics-based TWC model developed by the authors in a previous work. Observer validation and performance evaluation are conducted over transient drive cycles in a chassis dynamometer. Moreover, observability properties and related estimation performance are analyzed using different sensor technologies. It is found out that using switch-type oxygen sensors in place of wideband oxygen sensors leads to a loss of observability within the model, preventing real-time OSC determination and, therefore, aging estimation. A Fisher information quantity study is developed and presented that provides quantitative guidelines for the optimization of TWC sensor design. Finally, the observer is tested on real hardware via rapid control prototyping.
A Trauma-Informed Approach to the Medical History: Teaching Trauma-Informed Communication Skills to First-Year Medical and Dental Students

Introduction Trauma is ubiquitous and associated with negative effects on physical and mental health. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a framework for mitigating these health effects and improving pat...
A compositional framework for grounding language inference, generation, and acquisition in video

We present an approach to simultaneously reasoning about a video clip and an entire natural-language sentence. The compositional nature of language is exploited to construct models which represent the meanings of entire sentences composed out of the meanings of the words in those sentences mediated by a grammar that encodes the predicate-argument relations. We demonstrate that these models faithfully represent the meanings of sentences and are sensitive to how the roles played by participants (nouns), their characteristics (adjectives), the actions performed (verbs), the manner of such actions (adverbs), and changing spatial relations between participants (prepositions) affect the meaning of a sentence and how it is grounded in video. We exploit this methodology in three ways. In the first, a video clip along with a sentence are taken as input and the participants in the event described by the sentence are highlighted, even when the clip depicts multiple similar simultaneous events. In the second, a video clip is taken as input without a sentence and a sentence is generated that describes an event in that clip. In the third, a corpus of video clips is paired with sentences which describe some of the events in those clips and the meanings of the words in those sentences are learned. We learn these meanings without needing to specify which attribute of the video clips each word in a given sentence refers to. The learned meaning representations are shown to be intelligible to humans.
Toward a Critical Anthropology of Human Rights

Some 17 years after the end of the cold war, the international and transnational human rights regimes that emerged in the wake of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights are at a crossroads. On the one hand, the political openings created by the end of the bipolar postwar world have allowed what Eleanor Roosevelt described as the “curious grapevine” of nongovernmental actors to carry ideas and practices associated with universal human rights into different parts of the world as part of broader transnational development activities. On the other hand, this spread of human rights discourse has only magnified the different problems at the heart of human rights, problems that are theoretical, practical, and phenomenological. Anthropology has an important part to play in addressing these problems and in suggesting ways in which human rights can be reframed so that their original purposes, those embodied in documents like the UDHR, stand a better chance of being realized. This article is both an exercise in historiography, a reanalysis of the ways in which American anthropology’s relationship to human rights has been represented, and an argument for a different anthropological orientation to human rights. It uses the intellectual history of American anthropology to illustrate one way in which human rights has been understood within the broader discipline. The effects of the process of engagement-disengagement-reengagement that characterizes American anthropology’s ambivalent history with human rights can be seen in the relative anthropological silence in broader human rights debates for almost 40 years. The anthropological voice was absent during the rise of the international and (eventually) transnational human rights regimes, and the case of American anthropology both symbolizes and reflects this intellectual absence. As the argument for a critical anthropology of human rights proper is developed, the intellectual history of anthropology’s engagement with human rights becomes more diverse, such that American anthropology can no longer stand in for the broader discipline, even for heuristic purposes.
TIME-LAPSE PHOTOMICROGRAPHY OF THE FORMATION OF A FREE SPHERICAL GRANULE IN AN ESCHERICHIA COLI CELL END

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York), and Michael E. Frank. Time-lapse photomicrography of the formation of a free spherical granule in an Escherichia coli cell end. J. Bacteriol. 86:1075-1078. 1963.-Only a single case of the formation of a free spherical granule at an Escherichia coli cell end was found among several thousand cells recorded by time-lapse photomicrography. The spherical end body apparently arose immediately upon or soon after binary fission, at the newly formed cell end. Several minutes elapsed between the appearance of the end body and its full separation, apparently by constriction, from the mother cell. The end body showed no cytological changes during a 51-min period of observation after its separation from the mother cell. A hypothesis concerning the nature of end bodies and the mechanisms underlying their production is presented.
Thermogravimetric and Electrical Conductivity Studies of Mg-DOPED LaCr03 and La-DOPED SrTi03

SrTi03 is known to be an n-type oxide (1–3) with predominantly oxygen vacancies. Fredrikse, et al. (4) report that it is a band type conductor, the band gap as determined by optical methods (5) is reported to be 3.15 ev (304 KJ/mole) at 0°K. The conduction band is believed to be composed of the 3-d orbitals of the Ti ions (6). SrTiO3 shows a p-n transition due to the presence of acceptor impurities (3, 7).
Inter- and intramolecular interactions of α-lactalbumin: XII. Changes in the environment of aromatic residues in the goat protein

Abstract 1. 1. Goat α-lactalbumin has been shown to undergo three spectral transitions, all of which give rise to alterations in the tryptophan absorption spectrum. Transition I, occurring in the pH range of approx. 4.5–7, appears to be the result of titration of a group vicinal to a tryptophan residue, rather than to a conformational change of any scope. The temperature dependence of this transition, as well as the pH range in which it occurs, suggests that the titrating group is most likely a carboxyl with an abnormally high p K . 2. 2. Transition II, occurring in the pH range of approx. 4.2-3, corresponds to the well documented conformational change established for bovine α-lactalbumin. Analysis of the transition data indicates that the pH dependence can be accounted for on the basis of normalization of a minimum of three carboxyl groups having abnormally low p K values in the native state of the protein. 3. 3. Transition IIA, occurring above pH 9.5, likewise corresponds to a conformational change established for bovine α-lactalbumin. Analysis of the pH dependence suggests that the transition involves normalization of a minimum of two lysyl residues having abnormally high p K values in the native state. 4. 4. The presence of both abnormal carboxyl and abnormal lysyl residues in α-lactalbumin suggests that such ionic groups may exist as charge pairs in the native protein molecule. This conclusion is consistent with observations made with the “analogy” molecular model of α-lactalbumin proposed by W. J. Browne, A. C. T. North, D. C. Phillips, K. Brew, T. C. Vanaman and R. L. Hill ( J. Mol. Biol. 42 (1969) 65), which show a number of such potential charge pairs.
Model validation for nonlinear feedback systems

Model validation provides a useful means of assessing the ability of a model to account for a specific experimental observation, and has application to modeling, identification and fault detection. In a robust control framework norm-bounded perturbations are included to account for dynamic uncertainties in the system. We consider a discrete-time or sampled-data framework with a general linear fractional transformation (LFT) model structure which allows for the consideration of nonlinear feedback structures. Block structured, causal time-varying perturbations are considered and we give a sufficient condition-necessary and sufficient in the single perturbation block case-for the model to be invalidated by the datum. The condition is testable by a convex LMI feasibility problem in which the matrix basis grows linearly in size with respect to the data length and the number of decision variables is equal to the number of perturbation blocks.
Metabolomics identifies the intersection of phosphoethanolamine with menaquinone-triggered apoptosis in an in vitro model of leukemia

Altered metabolism is increasingly acknowledged as an important aspect of cancer, and thus serves as a potentially fertile area for the identification of therapeutic targets or leads. Our recent work using transcriptional data to predict metabolite levels in cancer cells led to preliminary evidence of the antiproliferative role of menaquinone (vitamin K2) in the Jurkat cell line model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, nothing is known about the direct metabolic impacts of menaquinone in cancer, which could provide insights into its mechanism of action. Here, we used metabolomics to investigate the process by which menaquinone exerts antiproliferative activity on Jurkat cells. We first validated the dose-dependent, semi-selective, pro-apoptotic activity of menaquinone treatment on Jurkat cells relative to non-cancerous lymphoblasts. We then used mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to identify systems-scale changes in metabolic dynamics that are distinct from changes induced in non-cancerous cells or by other chemotherapeutics. One of the most significantly affected metabolites was phosphoethanolamine, which exhibited a two-fold increase in menaquinone-treated Jurkat cells compared to vehicle-treated cells at 24 h, growing to a five-fold increase at 72 h. Phosphoethanolamine elevation was observed prior to the induction of apoptosis, and was not observed in menaquinone-treated lymphoblasts or chemotherapeutic-treated Jurkat cells. We also validated the link between menaquinone and phosphoethanolamine in an ovarian cancer cell line, suggesting potentially broad applicability of their relationship. This metabolomics-based work is the first detailed characterization of the metabolic impacts of menaquinone treatment and the first identified link between phosphoethanolamine and menaquinone-induced apoptosis.
Biochemical and immunological systematics of the order crocodilia

Attempts to assess the natural affinities and evolution of living crocodilians have been difficult and largely contradictory (Kalin, 1955; Steel, 1973; Dowling and Duellman, 1974). Morphological character analysis has been misleading due to the overall conservatism of these reptiles and to the tendencies toward parallelism and convergence of traits that has occurred during their evolution (Langston, 1973). These complications, together with the lack of critical fossils, have made paleontological interpretations extremely difficult (Sill, 1968; Hecht and Malone, 1972; Langston, 1973; Buffetaut, 1979). Because of such problems and the small number of living species, morphoclines are rare, further complicating the efforts of the comparative morphologist (Hecht and Malone, 1972).
Congruences for rs(n) Modulo 2s

We determine rs(n) modulo 2s when s is a prime or a power of 2. For general s, we prove a congruence for rs(n) modulo the largest power of 2 dividing 2s.
Advancing computer systems without technology progress

Summary form only given. Computing is now an essential tool for all aspects of human endeavor, including healthcare, education, science, commerce, government, and entertainment. We expect our computers, whether those hidden away in data-centers or those in a handheld form factor, to be capable of running sophisticated algorithms that process rapidly growing volumes of data. In other words, we expect our computers to have exponentially increasing performance at constant cost (energy and chip area). For decades, CMOS technology has been our ally, providing exponential improvements in both transistor density and energy consumption, which we turned into exponential improvements in system performance. Unfortunately, we are now in a phase where transistor cost and energy consumption are barely scaling, making it necessary to rethink the way we build scalable systems. In this talk, we will consider how to advance computer systems without technology progress. There are several promising directions that combined can provide improvements equivalent to several decades of Moore's law. These directions include massive parallelism with locality awareness, specialization, removing the bloat from our infrastructure, increasing system utilization, and embracing approximate computing. We will review motivating results in these areas, establish that they require cross-layer optimizations across both hardware and software, and discuss the remaining challenges that systems researchers must address.
The Nature of Discourse throughout 5E Lessons in a Large Enrolment College Biology Course.

Large enrolment science courses play a significant role in educating undergraduate students. The discourse in these classes usually involves an instructor lecturing with little or no student participation, despite calls from current science education reform documents to elicit and utilize students’ ideas in teaching. In this study, we used the 5E instructional model to develop and implement four lessons in a large enrolment introductory biology course with multiple opportunities for teacher-student and student-student interaction. Data consisted of video and audio recordings of whole-class and small-group discussions that took place throughout the study. We then used a science classroom discourse framework developed by Mortimer and Scott (2003) to characterize the discursive interactions in each 5E lesson phase. Analysis of the data resulted in two assertions. First, the purpose, communicative approach, patterns of discourse, and teaching interventions were unique to each 5E lesson phase. Second, the type of lesson topic influenced the content of the discourse. We discuss how the findings help characterize the discourse of each phase in a 5E college science lesson and propose a model to understand internalization through discursive interaction using this reform-based approach. We conclude with implications for facilitating discourse in college science lessons and future research. This study provides support for using the discourse framework to characterize discursive interaction in college science courses.
How information systems help create OM capabilities: Consequents and antecedents of operational absorptive capacity

Abstract In contemporary business environments, the ability to manage operational knowledge is an important predictor of organizational competitiveness. Organizations invest large sums in various types of information technologies (ITs) to manage operational knowledge. Because of their superior storage, processing and communication capabilities, ITs offer technical platforms to build knowledge management (KM) capabilities. However, merely acquiring ITs are not sufficient, and organizations must structure information system (IS) designs to leverage ITs for building KM capabilities. We study how technical and strategic IS designs enhance operational absorptive capacity (OAC) – the KM capability of an operations management (OM) department. Specifically, we use a capabilities perspective of absorptive capacity to examine potential absorptive capacity (POAC) and realized absorptive capacity (ROAC) capabilities – the two OAC capabilities that create and utilize knowledge, respectively. Our theory proposes that integrated IS capability, – an aspect of technical IS design – is an antecedent of POAC and ROAC capabilities, and business-IT alignment – an aspect of strategic IS design – moderates the relationship between integrated IS capability and ROAC capability. Combining data gleaned from a multi-respondent survey with archival data from COMPUSTAT, we test our hypotheses using a dataset from 153 manufacturing organizations. By proposing that IS design enables an OM department's KM processes, i.e., the POAC and ROAC capabilities, our interdisciplinary theoretical framework opens the “black box” of OAC and contributes to improved understanding of IS and OM synergies. We offer a detailed discussion of our contributions to the literature at the IS-OM interface and implications for practitioners.
Prediction and Identification of New Natural Substrates of the Yeast Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase

Most mitochondrial precursor proteins are processed to the mature form in one step by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), while a subset of precursors destined for the matrix or the inner membrane are cleaved sequentially by MPP and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP). We showed previously that yeast MIP (YMIP) is required for mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To further define the role played by two-step processing in mitochondrial biogenesis, we have now characterized the natural substrates of YMIP. A total of 133 known yeast mitochondrial precursors were collected from the literature and analyzed for the presence of the motif RX(↓)(F/L/I)XX(T/S/G)XXXX(↓), typical of precursors cleaved by MPP and MIP. We found characteristic MIP cleavage sites in two distinct sets of proteins: respiratory components, including subunits of the electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and components of the mitochondrial genetic machinery, including ribosomal proteins, translation factors, and proteins required for mitochondrial DNA metabolism. Representative precursors from both sets were cleaved to predominantly mature form by mitochondrial matrix or intact mitochondria from wild-type yeast. In contrast, intermediate-size forms were accumulated upon incubation of the precursors with matrix from mip1Δ yeast or intact mitochondria from mip1ts yeast, indicating that YMIP is necessary for maturation of these proteins. Consistent with the fact that some of these substrates are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial protein synthesis and mitochondrial DNA replication, mip1Δ yeast undergoes loss of functional mitochondrial genomes.
Pathway of proton transfer in bacterial reaction centers: second-site mutation Asn-M44-->Asp restores electron and proton transfer in reaction centers from the photosynthetically deficient Asp-L213-->Asn mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Abstract Site-directed mutagenesis of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has shown Asp-213 of the L subunit (Asp-L213) to be important for photosynthetic viability. Replacement of Asp-L213 with Asn resulted in a photosynthetically deficient mutant, due to the 10(4)-fold slower rate for the proton-coupled electron transfer reaction QA-QB- + 2H+-->QAQBH2 (k(2)AB). The detrimental effect of Asn-L213 is surprising since RCs from Rhodopseudomonas viridis, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Chloroflexus aurantiacus have Asn at the homologous position. However, RCs from these bacteria have an Asp located near QB (the secondary quinone acceptor) at the position homologous to Asn-M44 in Rb. sphaeroides which might function in place of Asp-L213. To test this conjecture a "viridis-like" structure was introduced into Rb. sphaeroides by replacing Asp-L213 with Asn and Asn-M44 with Asp. The RCs from this double mutant displayed near-native rates for the electron transfer reaction k(2)AB and restored photosynthetic competence. The rates for the first electron transfer reaction QA-QB-->QAQB- (k(1)AB) and charge recombination D+QAQB--->DQAQB (kBD) were also restored to near-native values. These results indicate that Asp at either the L213 or the M44 site near QB can provide a pathway for rapid proton transfer and explain why Asp-L213 need not be conserved in different photosynthetic bacteria. To test further the effect of Asp at M44 on electron and proton transfer to QB a mutant containing Asp at both L213 and M44 was constructed. The RCs from this mutant (Asn-M44-->Asp) exhibited faster proton-coupled electron transfer to QB-. The increased rate of proton-coupled electron transfer (k(2)AB) in the presence of negatively charged Asp residues near QB suggests the role of an Asp near QB as (i) a proton donor group in the proton transfer chain and/or (ii) a negatively charged residue stabilizing proton transfer to reduced QB.
In Vivo Cutaneous and Perceived Comfort Response to Fabric

We studied stratum corneum water content, water evaporation from the skin surface, capillary blood flow, and skin temperature under three different garments worn by ten female subjects exercising a...
Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus other therapies: Redux

Despite the evidence suggesting that all treatments intended to be therapeutic are equally efficacious, the conjecture that one form of treatment, namely cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is superior to all other treatment persists. The purpose of the current study was to (a) reanalyze the clinical trials from an earlier meta-analysis that compared CBT to 'other therapies' for depression and anxiety (viz., Tolin, 2010) and (b) conduct a methodologically rigorous and comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the relative efficacy of CBT and bona fide non-CBT treatments for adult anxiety disorders. Although the reanalysis was consistent with the earlier meta-analysis' findings of small to medium effect sizes for disorder-specific symptom measures, the reanalysis revealed no evidence for the superiority of CBT for depression and anxiety for outcomes that were not disorder-specific. Following the reanalysis, a comprehensive anxiety meta-analysis that utilized a survey of 91 CBT experts from the Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapists (ABCT) to consensually identify CBT treatments was conducted. Thirteen clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. There were no differences between CBT treatments and bona fide non-CBT treatments across disorder-specific and non-disorder specific symptom measures. These analyses, in combination with previous meta-analytic findings, fail to provide corroborative evidence for the conjecture that CBT is superior to bona fide non-CBT treatments.
Effects of experimental acute pancreatitis in dogs on metabolism of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine

Abstract Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced in the dogs by transduodenal injection of autologous bile into the main pancreatic duct. There was no significant change in the activity of three regulatory enzymes of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis (glycerophosphate acyltransferase, cytidyltransferase and cholinephosphotransferase) in lung; however, there was a 42% decrease in the amount of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (surfactant) in lung lavage due to acute pancreatitis. The decrease in lavage phospholipid content was associated with (a) 5-fold increase in phospholipase A2 activity of lung lavage, and (b) massive accumulation of osmiophilic spheriod structures in the alveolar space.
Direct renal action of a purified parathyroid extract.

In order to determine whether parathyroid hormone evokes phosphattiria in the mammal by a direct effect on the kidney or exerts its action indirectly at an extra-renal site, a highly purified parathyroid extract was administered by slow infusion into one renal artery in the dog. In the majority of animals studied the resultant phosphaturia was exclusively or preferentially unilateral. No systematic changes in renal hemodynamics or plasma phosphate concentration were observed during 3–4 hours of intra-renal infusion. The phosphaturia was accountable for by a diminished rate of phosphate reabsorption, both absolute and relative to the amount of phosphate filtered. It is concluded that PTH acts directly on the kidney in the dog and produces phosphaturia by depressing net phosphate reabsorption by the renal tubule.