cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Mediated Immunoassay: An Overview

Since its introduction by Yalow and Berson (1959), radioimmunoassay (RIA) has played important roles in facilitating and accelerating basic discoveries in biomedical sciences and has become a standard tool in laboratory medicine. Millions of clinical tests are now routinely performed by using RIA. The rapid and wide acceptance of RIA as a routine clinical method can be attributed to (1) the general applicability of the method, i.e., any compound can be analyzed by a RIA so long as an antibody specific to that compound is available; (2) the selectivity and specificity of the method; (3) the sensitivity of a radioactive isotope as the label in RIA and (4) the minimal inference and ease of performing the test.
Ultra-Compact Multichannel Optical Components Based on PLC and MEMS Technologies

We propose multichannel optical components based on PLC and MEMS technologies. 12 channel optical switch arrays and VOA arrays have been successfully developed by integrating 2x2 cross type waveguides and MEMS micro-mirrors connected together by flip chip bonding.
Hydrogeochemical Constraints on Mass Balances in Forested Watersheds of the Southern Appalachians

Two variables, parent rock type and flushing rate (the amount of water flushed through the weathering profile per hectare per year), control the long-term average dissolved load of streams in forested watersheds of southwestern North Carolina, U.S.A. The same variables explain qualitative stability relations, as shown by stability field diagrams which are, in turn, consistent with the hydrology and kaolinite-gibbsite clay mineralogy of the profiles. Tardy’s Re, a simple semiquantitative mass-balance tool, ranges from 1.36 to 1.65, again qualitatively consistent with the known clay mineralogy of the systems. The consistency of hydrology, aqueous geochemistry and clay mineralogy places useful constraints on more sophisticated geochemical mass-balance models.
Encouragement from an Unexpected Source: Louis Antoine Jullien, Mid-Century American Composers, and George Frederick Bristow's Jullien Symphony

In the spring of 1856, the critic Emile Girac published a review of George Frederick Bristow's Symphony No. 2, the Jullien Symphony, in The Albion. What he wrote is revealing; it reads in part:But do you know how much is expressed by those two little words the Jullien Symphony? They mean simply that Jullien did more for Concert music in three months, than the Philharmonic Society has accomplished since Mr. U.C. Hill created it and brought it before the world. [Jullien] gave us Mozart, Beethoven, and Mendelssohn, as we have never heard them interpreted in New York. He taught us the art of shades and effects in music …. He [also] revealed to us the powers of Bristow, Fry, and Eisfeld, and did far more for their reputation than was ever done by the Society, which owed so much at least to the first and last of these noble and courageous musicians. … [T]his is the true meaning of Bristow's symphony.
Carotid Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Abstract Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used to treat advanced heart failure refractory to medical management, as bridge therapy to myocardial recovery, as bridge therapy to cardiac transplantation, or as destination therapy for patients with unfavorable transplant candidacy. Neurologic complications are some of the most common and devastating complications in these patients. Preoperative carotid ultrasound is, therefore, a standard evaluation in patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease. Postoperative carotid artery Doppler sonography is performed in those patients with neurologic symptoms. It is likely, therefore, that sonographers, radiologists, and other physicians working in a center where LVADs are implanted will likely encounter a carotid artery Doppler study in this patient group. To our knowledge, the carotid Doppler findings in these patients have never been published. We review the Doppler ultrasound findings in 6 patients after LVAD insertion.
Three Heterocyclic Rings Fused (6-6-6)

Fused heterocyclic systems (6:6:6) with at least one ring junction nitrogen atom have been reviewed. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of 64 known parent systems and their derivatives with an emphasis on theoretical and structural data, synthesis, properties including reactivities, and applications.
Fun in Making: Understanding the experience of fun and learning through curriculum-based Making in the elementary school classroom

Abstract In this article, we investigate the child’s experience of fun and learning within curriculum-integrated Maker activities in the elementary school classroom. Little is currently understood as to how Making makes learning fun, particularly in formal educational contexts. We conducted an in-the-wild week-long study that implements Maker activities designed with 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade teachers during science classes. Qualitative video-based analysis of the sessions for six students and analysis of all the students’ self-reports were performed to derive an understanding of the determinants of fun and learning in the children’s experiences. We highlight issues that may inform future directions in the investigation of Making as entertainment technologies in education.
Experimental demonstration of hot carrier upconversion using Au, Ag, and GaN/InGaN quantum wells(Conference Presentation)

Plasmon resonances in metallic nanoparticles result in enhanced light absorption and hot carrier generation. Although hot carriers are short-lived, their energy can be extracted in optical form resulting in photon upconversion. Two low energy photons absorbed by a plasmonic nanostructure, create a hot electron and a hot hole. These hot carriers get injected into an adjacent semiconductor quantum well where they radiatively recombine to emit a higher energy photon resulting in photon upconversion. This process involves injection of an electron and a hole across the same interface making it charge neutral. The upconversion emission has a linear dependence on the incident light intensity, making it promising for applications requiring low power operation. Theoretical studies show that a silver/semiconductor system can have an ideal efficiency of 25%. Our experimental demonstration of this new scheme utilizes GaN/InGaN quantum wells decorated with both silver and gold. The use of two metals reduces band-bending in the semiconductor. Illuminating the sample with light spanning wavelengths of 500-540 nm produces upconversion photoluminescence centered at 435 nm. Control samples including undecorated quantum wells and metal nanostructures on a glass substrate do not show any upconversion ruling out possibilities of upconversion in individual materials. Further, the linear dependence of the upconverted light intensity with incident intensity rules out any non-linear or Auger mediated mechanisms. We will describe how this hot carrier upconversion process promises to be broadband, tunable, and more efficient than existing solid-state upconversion schemes, and discuss potential applications in solar energy, security, and photodetection applications.
Unique Clinical Aspects of Nasal Scarring

Various methods are available for refining scars of the external nose and optimal scar revision frequently requires the utilization of multiple techniques. Differing anatomy of nasal subunits and their underlying structural framework limit surgical options in nasal scar revision compared with other areas of the face. An understanding of a variety of laser technologies and their specific applications can vastly aid in fine, controlled scar revision. Achieving optimal scar reduction regularly requires multiple stages of intervention, close follow-up, and repeat procedures.
A Newborn Infant With Oxygen Desaturation During Sleep

The patient is a 1-week-old boy born at 37+2 weeks' gestational age through spontaneous vaginal delivery. The pregnancy was complicated by maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. The Apgar score was 9 at both 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth. Because of hypoglycemia at delivery that required IV dextrose, he was admitted to the local neonatal intensive care unit. His blood glucose levels quickly stabilized, dextrose administration was discontinued, and the patient began breast-feeding. On day 2 of life, the patient began having intermittent oxygen desaturation, with oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry down to 70% while sleeping; he was transferred to a tertiary-care NICU for further management. Aside from the hypoxia, he was otherwise asymptomatic. He was breast-feeding without difficulty and had no vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux; no cyanosis, stridor, or snoring; and no seizure-like activity or hypertonicity.
Restricted Visions of Multiracial Identity in Advertising

Mixed-race representations have become increasingly evident in marketing communications through the use of celebrity spokespersons like Misty Copeland and Halle Berry. This study explores the sociocultural ramifications of the ways in which marketers represent multiracial identity. Through an interdisciplinary review of pertinent literature, the authors create a theoretical framework for understanding the limitations of visual representations. A temporal model for discerning visual representations of the multiracial identity emerged by combining critical discourse analysis (CDA) techniques to investigate multiracial advertising depictions in eight popular U.S. magazines with interviews of multiracial women and advertising professionals. Findings suggest that marketers use mixed-race representations as cultural currency by mythologizing mixed-race bodies as the new beauty standard and as representing a racial bridge, physically and culturally tailored to ameliorate perceived racial divides. While visual re...
Moving Beyond Measurement: Adapting Audit Studies to Test Bias-Reducing Interventions

This paper discusses how audit studies can be adapted to test the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing discrimination. We conducted an adapted audit experiment to test whether making officials aware of bias could reduce levels of racial bias. While the limitations of our design make it difficult to assess where information alone can reduce bias, our study makes two important contributions. First, we replicate prior studies by showing that white, local elected officials are less responsive to black constituents. That local officials exhibit biased behavior is particularly worrisome, as local government is often the level that most directly affects citizens’ daily lives. Second, we provide several suggestions for future audit studies that draw from the strengths and weaknesses of our own design. We hope that they will help improve future work on identifying and reducing discrimination.
Short communication on Kinetics of grain growth and particle pinning in U-10 wt.% Mo

Abstract The alloy U-10 wt% Mo was annealed at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 900 °C for periods lasting up to 24 h. Annealed microstructures were examined using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) to obtain average grain sizes and grain size distributions. From the temporal evolution of the average grain size, the activation energy of grain growth was determined to be 172.4 ± 0.961 kJ/mol. Grain growth over the annealing period stagnated after a period of 1–4 h. This stagnation is apparently caused by the pinning effect of second-phase particles in the materials. Back-scattered electron imaging (BSE) was used to confirm that these particles do not appreciably coarsen or dissolve during annealing at the aforementioned temperatures.
Medical Writing: Getting Started and Getting Finished

Moving from an idea to a publishable article or chapter involves prewriting, collecting and organizing data, finding time to write a first draft, and then undertaking several revisions, each making the writing a little better. The quest is for a factual work that has style and clarity. This chapter tells about remedies when you get stuck, “red-flag” phrases, and how to work with a critical reader. In the end, the medical writer must overcome the tendency to perseverate and declare the work done.
Proportion of Indicator Common Variance Due to a Factor as an Effect Size Statistic in Revised Parallel Analysis.

Past research suggests revised parallel analysis (R-PA) tends to yield relatively accurate results in determining the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis. R-PA can be interpreted as a ...
Multifunctional Polymeric Nanosystems for Tumor-Targeted Delivery

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with occurrences portraying an upward trend for the future. In 2007, approximately 10 million cases of cancer will occur globally, with a total of around 1.5 million new cancer cases and over 560,000 deaths expected in the United States (U.S. National Institute of Health, 2006). Strikingly, remarkable advances in diagnosis and therapy of cancer have been made over the past few decades resulting from significant advances in fundamental cancer biology. What lacks in this case is clinical translation of these advances into effective therapies. A major hurdle in cancer diagnosis and therapy is the targeted and efficacious delivery of agents to the tumor site, while avoiding adverse damage resulting from systemic administration. While systemic drug delivery already hinges largely on physicochemical properties of the drug, such as size, diffusivity, and plasma protein binding affinity, tumors possess a dense, heterogeneous vasculature and an outward net convective flow that act as hurdles to efficient drug deposition at the target site (Jang et al., 2003). Nanocarriermediated delivery has emerged as a successful strategy to enhance delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents to tumors, thereby increasing the potential for diagnosis at an earlier stage or for therapeutic success (or both). Based on the initial observation by Maeda and Matsumura that tumors possess a fenestrated vasculature, with pores on average ranging between 200 and 800 nm, and a lack of lymphatic drainage, together termed the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, it was found that colloidal carriers in the nanometer size range could target tumors passively, by specific extravasation through these fenestrations, and are retained at the site for prolonged time because of lack of lymphatic drainage (Matsumura and Meada, 1986). This physiological advantage has been used successfully to enhance delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, leading to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nanoparticle formulations such as Feridex ® for diagnostic applications and Doxil ® and Abraxane ® for cancer
Homologous Recombination in Meiosis

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo a reciprocal exchange of DNA to generate crossovers. Meiotic crossovers create physical connections between homologous chromosomes that are necessary for proper segregation at the first meiotic division, and also generate new combinations of alleles. The process of meiotic recombination is highly conserved between organisms as diverse as yeast and humans. Recombination is highly regulated during meiosis, such that crossovers occur preferentially between homologs as opposed to sister chromatids. Furthermore, crossovers are distributed so that every pair of homologs receives at least one crossover. The molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination have been elucidated primarily by research using fungi.
VISUALIZING ARTICULAR CARTILAGE USING EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION TO COMPARE SEGMENTATION OFMRIMAGES BY INDEPENDENT RATERS

When following the progression of osteoarthritis, it is important to precisely determine the presence or absence of cartilage in joints such as the knee. MRIis are useful for this, but the images are difÝcult to segment. We modiÝed an expectation maximization algorithm originally described by WarÝeld et al. 5 to score the accuracy of segmentation of a series of images by multiple raters. In the process, we also gain information that is used to visualize the most likely location of cartilage.
Comparison of nucletron and rocs brachytherapy treatment planning systems for LDR and HDR applications

Abstract The Nucletron® Plato system is being used in our Institute for both high dose rate (HDR) and low dose rate (LDR) treatment planning, while the radiation oncology computer system (ROCS®) is used for external beam planning. This paper compares both systems, using a gynecological application for the LDR case and an esophageal application for the HDR. It is shown that ROCS may be used as a backup to the Nucletron treatment planning system for LDR and simple HDR cases. The Nucletron planning system is a better system than ROCS for both LDR and HDR applications.
CONNECTING VOLUNTEERING TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING THROUGH PERCEIVED GENERATIVITY.

Volunteerism in later life has been viewed as a health promotion activity, with well-being benefits for both volunteers and those they serve. As evidence of the salubrious effects of such generative activity has accumulated, attention is increasingly directed to the mechanisms through which giving benefits the giver. One hypothesized mechanism is the enhanced self-perceptions of generativity which flow from contributory behavior. This potential pathway was investigated in a sample of adults initially age 25–74 from the national Study of Midlife in the U.S. Compared to never volunteers, psychological well-being was greater for those who volunteered for one (B=.86**), two (B=1.10***), and three (B=1.87***) study waves over a 20-year period. Mediation analyses suggest that the greater well-being in those who volunteer more over time partially occurs through more positive self-perceptions of generativity. Giving may benefit the giver by enhancing perceptions of oneself as an important contributor in the lives of others.
Proper fitting shoes: Reducing pain, increasing activity, and improving foot health among adults experiencing homelessness

Introduction Foot and lower limb pain reported by many adults experiencing homelessness may be due to improper shoes and may contribute to decreased activity and physical functioning. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of proper fitting shoes on pain, activity, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness. Design A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental pilot study design was used. Sample Twenty-three out of 30 enrolled participants completed the study and were mostly female, non-Hispanic, black individuals with high school education or higher. Measurements Eligible participants completed surveys related to pain, foot health, and foot conditions, and a 10-meter walking test prior to (BASELINE) and after (FINAL) the intervention. Intervention Participants wore properly fitted shoes for 6 weeks and were encouraged to maintain activity levels consistent with activity levels prior to receiving new shoes. Results Pain scores were lower at FINAL versus BASELINE. Participants reported reductions in knee, back and ankle/feet pain. Participants had significant improvements on almost all areas of foot health and had faster gait speed at FINAL versus BASELINE. Minimal changes in foot conditions were observed. Conclusion Proper fitting shoes improve pain, walking speed, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness with moderate to severe pain.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Enoxaparin in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective This article evaluates the efficacy of enoxaparin when targeting anti-factor Xa levels of 0.5 to 1 units per milliliter in the neonatal intensive care unit. Study Design This is a retrospective chart review of 45 neonates receiving enoxaparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Enoxaparin dosing and corresponding anti-factor Xa levels were collected. Time to resolution of clot was confirmed by imaging and compared between clots in various locations. Results The median time to clot resolution was 76 days (interquartile range 40–91 days). Clot location, postnatal age, and sex at the clot onset were significantly associated with time to clot resolution in a multivariable Cox model (p-value: 0.03, 0.03, and Conclusion Based on our findings, 50% of all patients evaluated, regardless of thrombus location, achieved resolution within the first 76 days of therapy. Clots located in the extremities tended to resolve sooner, hence earlier reimaging should be considered.
Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy With And Without Oscillation And Hospital Length Of Stay For Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Introduction Pharmacologic management of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is well-established. Our aim in the current study is to determine if therapy with a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device with or without an oscillatory mechanism (OM) in addition to standard care results in a reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients hospitalized for AECOPD. Methods Two studies were performed and are reported here. Study 1: Patients admitted with AECOPD and sputum production were enrolled in a prospective trial comparing PEP therapy versus Oscillatory PEP (OPEP) therapy. Study 2: A retrospective historical cohort, matched in a 2 to 1 manner by age, gender, and season of admission, was compared with the prospectively collected data to determine the effect of PEP ± OM versus standard care on hospital LOS. Results In the prospective trial (Study 1; 91 subjects), median hospital LOS was 3.2 (95% CI 3.0-4.3) days in the OPEP group and 4.8 (95% CI 3.9-6.1) days in the PEP group (p=0.16). In fully adjusted models comparing the prospective trial data with the retrospective cohort (Study 2; 182 subjects), cases had a median hospital LOS of 4.2 days (95% CI 3.8-5.1) versus 5.2 days (95% CI 4.4-6.0) in controls, consistent with a shorter hospital LOS with adjunctive PEP±OM therapy versus standard care (p=0.04). Conclusion Adjunctive therapy with a PEP device versus standard care may reduce hospital LOS in patients admitted for AECOPD. Although the addition of an OM component to PEP therapy suggests a further reduction in hospital LOS, comprehensive multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings. Clinical trial registration number NCT03094806.
Tightly Bound: The Relationship of Network Clustering Coefficients and Reincarceration at Three Therapeutic Communities.

Objective:Clustering, the tendency of individuals to form closed triads, is ubiquitous in human social networks. Previous research has found that therapeutic community (TC) residents whose social n...
Poincaré square series for the Weil representation

We calculate the Jacobi Eisenstein series of weight $$k \ge 3$$ for a certain representation of the Jacobi group, and evaluate these at $$z = 0$$ to give coefficient formulas for a family of modular forms $$Q_{k,m,\beta }$$ of weight $$k \ge 5/2$$ for the (dual) Weil representation on an even lattice. The forms we construct have rational coefficients and contain all cusp forms within their span. We explain how to compute the representation numbers in the coefficient formulas for $$Q_{k,m,\beta }$$ and the Eisenstein series of Bruinier and Kuss p-adically to get an efficient algorithm. The main application is in constructing automorphic products.
Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Zbtb16 Coordinates the Response to Energy Deficit in the Mouse Hypothalamus.

The central nervous system controls feeding behavior and energy expenditure in response to various internal and external stimuli to maintain energy balance. Here we report that the newly identified transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (Zbtb16) is induced by energy deficit in the paraventricular (PVH) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus via glucocorticoid (GC) signaling. In the PVH, Zbtb16 is expressed in the anterior half of the PVH and co-expressed with many neuronal markers such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh), oxytocin (Oxt), arginine vasopressin (Avp), and nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1). Knockdown (KD) of Zbtb16 in the PVH results in attenuated cold-induced thermogenesis and improved glucose tolerance without affecting food intake. In the meantime, Zbtb16 is predominantly expressed in agouti-related neuropeptide/neuropeptide Y (Agrp/Npy) neurons in the ARC and its KD in the ARC leads to reduced food intake. We further reveal that chemogenetic stimulation of PVH Zbtb16 neurons increases energy expenditure while that of ARC Zbtb16 neurons increases food intake. Taken together, we conclude that Zbtb16 is an important mediator that coordinates responses to energy deficit downstream of GCs by contributing to glycemic control through the PVH and feeding behavior regulation through the ARC, and additionally reveal its function in controlling energy expenditure during cold-evoked thermogenesis via the PVH. As a result, we hypothesize that Zbtb16 may be involved in promoting weight regain after weight loss.
Community-acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia is a commonly diagnosed illness in which no causative organism is identified in half the cases. Application of molecular diagnostic techniques has the potential to lead to more targeted therapy in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance.
Efficacy of a Viokace Pancreatic Enzyme Protocol for Clearing Occluded Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Quality Assurance Evaluation:

Background: A previous retrospective study documented restored patency to 48.2% of occluded enteral feeding tubes using alkalinized Creon pancreatic enzyme capsules. In light of the low efficacy rate, the institutional enteral feeding tube clearance protocol was subsequently revised to incorporate a newly marketed non-enteric-coated Viokace pancreatic enzyme tablet, despite the lack of published data for this indication. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Viokace-based alkalinized pancreatic enzyme protocol to clear occluded enteral feeding tubes in a university health system. Methods: This retrospective, cohort quality assurance study included adult and pediatric patients receiving a Viokace-based pancreatic enzyme protocol for enteral feeding tube occlusions in a university health system during a 12-month period. The primary outcome was effectiveness in enteral tube clearance as documented in the electronic medical record. Efficacy of the new protocol was also compared with a Creon-based alkalinized solution using historical data. Results: The Viokace protocol successfully cleared 176 of the 277 (63.5%) occluded enteral feeding tubes occurring in 205 patients included in the analysis. The revised protocol was significantly more effective at clearing occluded enteral feeding tubes (P = 0.0056) than a protocol using Creon pancreatic enzyme capsules. Conclusion: According to this retrospective evaluation, an alkalinized Viokace pancreatic enzyme protocol was effective in clearing 63.5% of occluded enteral feeding tubes. This significantly higher success rate than previously documented with a Creon-based protocol supports the change in pancreatic enzyme formulations in the institutional protocol.
Asymmetric viability in reciprocal crosses of zebrafish Danio rerio and pearl danio Danio albolineatus.

Interspecies hybrids have long been studied to further understanding of speciation. Reciprocal crosses sometimes have asymmetric viability, a phenomenon termed 'Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule'. It has been proposed that this asymmetry is caused by Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities between nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors (e.g., maternal transcripts, mitochondrial genome). The molecular basis of this hypothesis has received little empirical investigation, presumably due to the lack of an appropriate model system. We report a case of extreme asymmetry in viability between reciprocal hybrids of zebrafish Danio rerio and pearl danio Danio albolineatus. Hybrids from D. rerio females × D. albolineatus males (n = 4 crosses) were viable, with 83.2 ± 9.6% surviving from fertilization to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) and 80.1 ± 14.4% surviving from 5 to 21 dpf. Hybrids from D. albolineatus females × D. rerio males (n = 6 crosses) were inviable after embryonic development. These hybrids developed pericardial oedema at 1 dpf and only 37.2 ± 18.0% survived from fertilization to 5 dpf. Of the 595 larvae alive at 5 dpf, only one juvenile with stunted growth survived to 21 dpf. We propose that given the resources available for the D. rerio model system and the strong asymmetry in viability between reciprocal crosses, these hybrids will allow investigation of the molecular basis for Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule.
Quinoline-functionalized BODIPY Dyes: Structural and Photophysical Properties

Abstract BODIPYs at different positions of quinolones show similar absorption spectra but very different visible emission efficiency. Single-crystal structures show different tilting angles of quinoline groups and BODIPY core structure. The emission efficiency decreases as the torsion angle between BODIPY core and quinoline becomes smaller in the order of 4-Q-BDP > 3-Q-BDP > 2-Q-BDP ≈ 2,9-Phen-BDP. The restoration of fluorescence in the presence of methanol and theoretical calculations indicate the photoinduced electron transfer from quinoline N to BODIPY core could be responsible for such a gradual fluorescence change.
An agenda for research directions

The purpose of this paper is to present a set of initial ideas about the IBM Toronto's Laboratory involvement in ongoing external research activities. This paper is meant to be a starting point for discussion, especially in the light of changes occurring within IBM today.
Heidegger's temporal idealism

Introduction 1. Care as the being of Dasein 2. Originary temporality 3. World-time and time-reckoning 4. The ordinary conception of time and disengaged temporality 5. Heidegger's temporal idealism Conclusion: the consequences of the failure of Heidegger's temporal idealism.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effective for many clients who have obsessive-compulsive disorder. Despite its effectiveness, many treatment guidelines fail to describe cognitive-behavioral therapy procedures in adequate detail. The present paper will review the literature on cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD in an attempt to provide concise, meaningful guidelines for the psychological treatment of this disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy includes four general components: initial preparation for therapy, development of applied coping skills, exposure with ritual prevention, and relapse prevention. The four general treatment components are described, and clinical examples are provided.
Back to the Basics Practical Tips for IEP Writing

The individualized education program (IEP) is the foundation for the provision of special education services for a child with a disability. While special education teachers learn about IEP writing ...
Tablet Technology to Monitor Physical Education IEP Goals and Benchmarks

The Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that all children who are eligible for special education services receive an individualized education program (IEP). Adapted physical education (APE) professionals who teach physical education to children with disabilities are challenged with how to best collect and monitor student performance data in order to report student IEP goal progress. The purpose of this article is to inform APE professionals about effective methods for using tablets to more efficiently monitor physical education IEP goal performance and progress. More specifically, the article will describe the development and implementation of electronic data collection worksheets on tablets. The customization and implementation of these worksheets on tablets allows APE teachers to easily collect student performance data. Analysis and justification of student learning in a variety of settings with technology reduces the challenges of meeting diverse student needs and caseloads often...
Chapter 5 - The Atiyah–Singer Index Theorem*

The basic facts concerning Clifford algebras and spin structures are reviewed in this chapter. The spectral theory of self-adjoint elliptic partial differential operators and the Hodge decomposition theorem are discussed. The classical elliptic complexes such as de Rham, signature, spin, spin C , Yang–Mills, and Dolbeault are defined in the chapter; these elliptic complexes are all of Dirac type. In addition, various characteristic classes for vector bundles are defined such as Chern forms, Pontrjagin forms, Chern character, Euler form, Hirzebruch L polynomial, and Todd polynomial. The characteristic classes for principal bundles are also described. The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is presented; the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet formula, the Hirzebruch signature formula, and the Riemann–Roch formula are special cases of the index theorem. The equivariant index theorem and the index theorem for manifolds with boundary are described. The Dolbeault complex is the holomorphic analogue of the de Rham complex.
The Leaking Mantle

The flow of mantle fluids through Earth's crust reveals fundamental geophysical processes and may help pinpoint sources of geothermal energy.
The current status of targeting BAFF/BLyS for autoimmune diseases

It is increasingly recognized that B cells have multiple functions that contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Specific targeting of B cells might therefore be an appropriate therapeutic intervention. The tumor necrosis factor-like molecule BAFF (BLyS) is a key B cell survival factor and its receptors are expressed on most peripheral B cells. Several different BAFF antagonists are under development and in early clinical trials. We review here the rationale for BAFF blockade, and its predicted mechanism of action in autoimmune diseases.
Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment

Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment. By Nathan M. Jensen. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 224p. $35.00. The dramatic increase in flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) during the last two decades of the twentieth century has been accompanied by an extensive literature dealing with the impact of multinational corporations (MNCs) on issues such as economic growth, poverty and inequality, the environment, and cultural diversity. As many of the concerns about these impacts, positive as well as negative, revolve around the question of markedly increased competition among states for MNCs, it is surprising how little attention has been paid to the political and economic factors that attract FDI.
Meteoritic material on the moon

Three types of meteoritic material are found on the moon: micrometeorites, ancient planetesimal debris from the "early intense bombardment," and debris of recent, craterforming projectiles. Their amounts and compositions have been determined from trace element studies. The micrometeorite component is uniformly distributed over the entire lunar surface, but is seen most clearly in mare soils. It has a primitive, C1-chondrite-like composition, and comprises 1 to 1.5 percent of mature soils. Apparently it represents cometary debris. The ancient component is seen in highland breccias and soils. Six varieties have been recognized, differing in their proportions of refractories (Ir, Re), volatiles (Ge, Sb), and Au. All have a fractionated composition, with volatiles depleted relative to siderophiles. The abundance patterns do not match those of the known meteorite classes. These ancient meteoritic components seem to represent the debris of an extinct population of bodies (planetisimals, moonlets) that produced the mare basins during the first 700 Myr of the moon's history. On the basis of their stratigraphy and geographic distribution, five of the six groups are tentatively assigned to specific mare basins: Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium, Nectaris, and Humorum or Nubium.
Re-Viewing a Lost Civilization: Sergei Loznitsa's Revue (2008)

W hile there has been a flood of English-language publications on Soviet (and then Russian) cinema since 1985 covering the entire history of that state's film production, with the exception of Dziga Vertov, Soviet and Russian documentary films and filmmakers have remained virtually ignored by both film scholars and film audiences.1 Received wisdom has it that Soviet documentary films became moribund during the Stalin years, as well as during the Thaw and Stagnation periods, and were briefly resuscitated only during the "campaign to reclaim the past"?the reexamination of Soviet history under Gorbachev.2 Yet as significant as the documentary films of the glasnost-era were, the significance was to be found exclusively in their content; the formal features of most of these films retained all of the hallmarks of earlier Soviet documentaries: a totalizing and tendentious off-screen male voice-over, extended (overly long) shot takes, an absence of nuance and ambiguity, and unimaginative editing.3 With the passing of the Soviet Union, the aesthetics of Soviet
Predicting length of stay at WiFi hotspots

Today's smartphones provide a variety of sensors, enabling high-resolution measurements of user behavior. We envision that many services can benefit from short-term predictions of complex human behavioral patterns. While enablement of behavior awareness through sensing is a broad research theme, one possibility is in predicting how quickly a person will move through a space. Such a prediction service could have numerous applications. For one example, we imagine shop owners predicting how long a particular customer is likely to browse merchandise, and issue targeted mobile coupons accordingly - customers in a hurry can be encouraged to stay and consider discounts. Within a space of moderate size, WiFi access points are uniquely positioned to track a statistical framework for user length of stay, passively recording metrics such as WiFI signal strength (RSSI) and potentially receiving client-uploaded sensor data. In this work, we attempt to quantity this opportunity, and show that human dwell time can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, even when restricted to passively observed WiFi RSSI.
The Reevaluation of Information during Group Discussion

Communication in small groups often yields uniform judgments among members, particularly when members are similar to one another. This investigation empirically tested whether group discussion lead...
Wavelet-based fMRI analysis: 3-D denoising, signal separation, and validation metrics

We present a novel integrated wavelet-domain based framework (w-ICA) for 3-D denoising functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data followed by source separation analysis using independent component analysis (ICA) in the wavelet domain. We propose the idea of a 3-D wavelet-based multi-directional denoising scheme where each volume in a 4-D fMRI data set is sub-sampled using the axial, sagittal and coronal geometries to obtain three different slice-by-slice representations of the same data. The filtered intensity value of an arbitrary voxel is computed as an expected value of the denoised wavelet coefficients corresponding to the three viewing geometries for each sub-band. This results in a robust set of denoised wavelet coefficients for each voxel. Given the de-correlated nature of these denoised wavelet coefficients, it is possible to obtain more accurate source estimates using ICA in the wavelet domain. The contributions of this work can be realized as two modules: First, in the analysis module we combine a new 3-D wavelet denoising approach with signal separation properties of ICA in the wavelet domain. This step helps obtain an activation component that corresponds closely to the true underlying signal, which is maximally independent with respect to other components. Second, we propose and describe two novel shape metrics for post-ICA comparisons between activation regions obtained through different frameworks. We verified our method using simulated as well as real fMRI data and compared our results against the conventional scheme (Gaussian smoothing+spatial ICA: s-ICA). The results show significant improvements based on two important features: (1) preservation of shape of the activation region (shape metrics) and (2) receiver operating characteristic curves. It was observed that the proposed framework was able to preserve the actual activation shape in a consistent manner even for very high noise levels in addition to significant reduction in false positive voxels.
Neuronal and muscular correlates consistent with Plamondon's theory: Velocity coding and temporal activation patterns

This commentary cites several findings of neuromuscular research that are consistent with aspects of Plamondon's kinematic theory. In addition, we point out certain biomechanical properties of the limb that influence the requirements for the production of accurate movement, and might thus compromise the global applicability of any law governing speed/accuracy trade-offs.
Tables of the Generalized Stirling Numbers of the First Kind

The generalized Stirling numbers of the first kind are defined, certain of their basic properties are discussed, and tables are given for the square grid k = 0(1)10 and j = 0(1)10 with l = -10(1)10.
A numerical study of water-mist suppression of large scale compartment fires

The focus of this paper is on simulating water mist suppression of fires in large enclosures. A two-continuum formulation is used in which the gas phase and the water-mist are both described by equations of the Eulerian form. The water-mist model is coupled with previously developed codes based on the multi- block Chimera technique for simulating fires. Computations are performed to understand the various physical processes that occur during the interaction of water-mist and fires in large enclosures. Droplet sectional density contours and velocity vectors are used to track the movement of water-mist and to identify the regions of the fire compartment where the droplets evaporate and absorb energy. Parametric studies are performed to optimize various water-mist injection characteristics for maximum suppression. The effects of droplet diameter, mist injection velocity, injection density, nozzle locations and injection orientation on mist entrainment and flame suppression are quantified. Numerical results indicate that for similar injection parameters such as mist injection density, injection velocity and droplet diameter, the time for suppression was smallest for the top injection configuration. Water-mist injection through the side walls, the front and rear walls and through the floor were found to be less efficient than the top injection configuration. These results are compared with our earlier predictions on water-mist suppression of small scale methanol pool fires and other experimental studies.
Persistence and expression of the plasmid pBR322 inEscherichia coli K12 cultured in complex medium

The stability and gene expression of plasmid pBR322 in a chemostat with complex non-selective medium at different dilution rates were studied. It was observed that pBR322 was eventually lost from the population after a long lag period. The rate of plasmid loss decreases with decreasing dilution rate. This result is different from those obtained with cells grown in defined medium, where plasmid loss was observed to decrease with increasing dilution rate. In addition, it was observed that the β-lactamase activity per ml per optical density of cell culture, independent of the dilution rates, increases with time and reaches a maximum around 4.5 units after 100 hrs of continuous culture.
Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding an adenine nucleotide translocator from Plasmodium falciparum

A cDNA clone encoding the polypeptide for Plasmodium falciparum adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) was isolated by screening a cDNA library with a 150 base pair fragment of genomic DNA which had been enzymatically amplified using two oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved regions of ANT's from other sources. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. falciparum cloned insert was highly homologous to ANT of other organisms. Features of the sequence are discussed with reference to the targeting and membrane insertion of ANT. The protein has a molecular mass of 35 kDa as predicted from the 303 amino acids encoded in the open reading frame.
Determinants of the northern and southern range limits of a warbler

Aim To understand the determinants of range limits by studying the behaviour and ecology of a single species (the Hume’s leaf warbler, Phylloscopus humei) at both its northern and southern range limits. Locations North-west India (Himachal Pradesh) and central India (Maharashtra). Methods We worked at seven locations primarily in the winter of 1997–98. Five locations spanned the northern range limit of the species and two were close to the southern range limit. We censused arthropod and bird abundance (including both the Hume’s leaf warbler and other ecologically similar species) at each site. We also studied the foraging behaviour of the common warbler species. Results Across the whole range of P. humei the abundance of arthropods is tightly correlated with the abundance of all warbler species. The northern range limit of P. humei coincides with the disappearance of arthropod food from its habitat (tree crowns), which is attributed to leaf loss associated with cold temperatures. Two closely related species, P. proregulus and Seicercus xanthoschistos have a northerly range limit beyond that of P. humei. They occupy the understory, which retains leaves and arthropods further north than do the tree crowns. The southern range limit of P. humei is associated with high food levels in its habitat, but also increasing numbers of a potential competitor, P. trochiloides, which is very similar in habits and also occupies the tree crowns, but is about 40% heavier. We attribute the decline of P. humei in the south to competition from P. trochiloides. Because food levels are high in the south, the mechanism of competition is likely to be interference, rather than exploitative. Main conclusion Competition for food is likely involved in setting both the northern and southern range limits, but in very different ways. The results are discussed in the light of current theories for the way range limits are ultimately determined.
Statistical Analysis of the Relationships Between Dispersivity and Other Physical Properties of Porous Media

). Porosity and uniformity of grain sizes are the two most important factors affecting the values of dispersivity. Dispersivity is directly proportional to the uniformity coefficient and inversely proportional to porosity. Dispersivity also is directly proportional to the median grain size of uniform clastic materials with Cu 2) the effect of median grain size on dispersivity gradually decreases and eventually vanishes.