cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Classifier for Corporate Opportunity Waivers

Rauterberg & Talley (2017) develop a data set of “corporate opportunity waivers” (COWs) — significant contractual modifications of fiduciary duties — sampled from SEC filings. Part of their analysis utilizes a machine learning (ML) classifier to extend their data set beyond the hand-coded sample. Because the ML approach is likely unfamiliar to some readers, and in the light of its great potential across other areas of law and finance research, this note explains the basic components using a simple example, and it demonstrates strategies for calibrating and evaluating the classifier.
Topology Optimization and Freeform Fabrication Framework for Developing Prosthetic Feet

The ability to easily design and manufacture prosthetic feet with novel design characteristics has great potential to improve amputee rehabilitation and care. This study presents a framework using topology optimization methods to develop new prosthetic feet to be manufactured using selective laser sintering. As an example application, the framework was used to generate a prosthetic foot that minimizes material usage while trying to replicate the stiffness characteristics of a commercially available carbon fiber foot. The solution was validated using finite element methods to verify the foot’s loading response, and a prototype was manufactured. The result was a novel foot design that with future design modification has the potential to improve amputee gait by providing energy storage and return and reducing prosthetic weight.
On-board model-based automatic collision avoidance: application in remotely-piloted unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper focuses on real-world implementation and verification of a local, model-based stochastic automatic collision avoidance algorithm, with application in remotely-piloted (tele-operated) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Automatic collision detection and avoidance for tele-operated UAVs can reduce the workload of pilots to allow them to focus on the task at hand, such as searching for victims in a search and rescue scenario following a natural disaster. The proposed algorithm takes the pilot's input and exploits the robot's dynamics to predict the robot's trajectory for determining whether a collision will occur. Using on-board sensors for obstacle detection, if a collision is imminent, the algorithm modifies the pilot's input to avoid the collision while attempting to maintain the pilot's intent. The algorithm is implemented using a low-cost on-board computer, flight-control system, and a two-dimensional laser illuminated detection and ranging sensor for obstacle detection along the trajectory of the robot. The sensor data is processed using a split-and-merge segmentation algorithm and an approximate Minkowski difference. Results from flight tests demonstrate the algorithm's capabilities for tele-operated collision-free control of an experimental UAV.
Complications and Cost Analysis of Intraoperative Arterial Complications in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction.

Background Microvascular anastomotic patency is fundamental to head and neck free flap reconstructive success. The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with intraoperative arterial anastomotic issues and analyze the impact on subsequent complications and cost in head and neck reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all head and neck free flap reconstructions from 2005 to 2013. Patients with intraoperative, arterial anastomotic difficulties were compared with patients without. Postoperative outcomes and costs were analyzed to determine factors associated with microvascular arterial complications. A regression analysis was performed to control for confounders. Results Total 438 head and neck free flaps were performed, with 24 (5.5%) having intraoperative arterial complications. Patient groups and flap survival between the two groups were similar. Free flaps with arterial issues had higher rates of unplanned reoperations (p < 0.001), emergent take-backs (p = 0.034), and major surgical (p = 0.002) and respiratory (p = 0.036) complications. The overall cost of reconstruction was nearly double in patients with arterial issues (p = 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that African American race (OR = 5.5, p < 0.009), use of vasopressors (OR = 6.0, p = 0.024), end-to-side venous anastomosis (OR = 4.0, p = 0.009), and use of internal fixation hardware (OR =3.5, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with arterial complications. Conclusion Intraoperative arterial complications may impact complications and overall cost of free flap head and neck reconstruction. Although some factors are nonmodifiable or unavoidable, microsurgeons should nonetheless be aware of the risk association. We recommend optimizing preoperative comorbidities and avoiding use of vasopressors in head and neck free flap cases to the extent possible.
Cocrystals and Templates to Control Solid-State [2+2] Photodimerizations

In this chapter, we present historical and current developments on the use of the process of cocrystallization as an effective tool in solid-state synthesis. In particular, we provide an account on uses of cocrystallizations using small-molecule templates to direct intermolecular [2+2] photodimerizations. While geometric criteria for a [2+2] photodimerization to proceed in the solid state have been known since the late 1960s, effects of crystal packing have largely prevented chemists from designing solids with olefins that routinely undergo the reaction. The historical significance of the photoreaction makes the cycloaddition an excellent system to develop cocrystallization strategies involving templates. The emergence of templates as a means to control reactivity in the solid state can be traced to the field of supramolecular chemistry and a concurrent growth of crystal engineering.
Abstract 374: Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulate TNF-α-Induced Phenotypic Modulation in Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications for Cerebral Aneurysm Biology

Objectives: Inflammation and cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation appear to be involved in cerebral aneurysm formation. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is found in ...
Acute brain trauma, lung injury, and pneumonia: more than just altered mental status and decreased airway protection

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Even when patients survive the initial insult, there is significant morbidity and mortality secondary to subsequent pulmonary edema, acute lung injury (ALI), and nosocomial pneumonia. Whereas the relationship between TBI and secondary pulmonary complications is recognized, little is known about the mechanistic interplay of the two phenomena. Changes in mental status secondary to acute brain injury certainly impair airway- and lung-protective mechanisms. However, clinical and translational evidence suggests that more specific neuronal and cellular mechanisms contribute to impaired systemic and lung immunity that increases the risk of TBI-mediated lung injury and infection. To better understand the cellular mechanisms of that immune impairment, we review here the current clinical data that support TBI-induced impairment of systemic and lung immunity. Furthermore, we also review the animal models that attempt to reproduce human TBI. Additionally, we examine the possible role of damage-associated molecular patterns, the chlolinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and sex dimorphism in post-TBI ALI. In the last part of the review, we discuss current treatments and future pharmacological therapies, including fever control, tracheostomy, and corticosteroids, aimed to prevent and treat pulmonary edema, ALI, and nosocomial pneumonia after TBI.
Learning Science Content in a Project-Based Environment

Science education standards (NRC 1996) stress ideas associated with teaching for understanding and developing ways for students to transform rather than absorb knowledge. The approach to teaching that is advocated by the standards is one based on inquiry. As stated in theNational Science Education Standards“Inquiry into authentic questions generated from student experiences is the central strategy for teaching science” (p. 3).
Chorioamnionitis: Implications for the neonate

Chorioamnionitis (CA) is characterized by inflammation of the fetal membranes. The incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. When suspected on clinical criteria, pathologic assessment of the placenta should be performed. Although the mechanisms are not entirely clear, CA predisposes to premature birth, neonatal sepsis, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Its role in respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neurodevelopmental impairment is mixed. Prevention and treatment are ill-defined; antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes reduce the incidence and increase the length of time to delivery. Antibiotics are recommended for infants exposed to CA while laboratory studies are being performed.
The Relation Between Teacher Vocabulary Use in Play and Child Vocabulary Outcomes

Although extensive research exists on vocabulary instruction during book reading in preschool classroom, comparatively little research has been conducted on vocabulary exposure in classroom play co...
Distinct Sulfidopeptide Leukotriene Receptors

The oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase to form 5-hydro-peroxy-6-trans8-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) is followed by enzymatic conversion of 5-HPETE to 5,6-oxido-7,9-trans-ll,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (LTA4). An epoxide hydrolase converts LTA4 to 5S,12R-dmydroxy-6,14-cis-8,10-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid (LTB4), whereas a glutathione-S-transferase adducts glu-tathione to yield 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-gluta.thionyl-7,9-trans-11.14-cis-eicossitrae-noic acid (LTC4). Sequential cleavages by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase of glutamic acid and by a dipeptidase of glycine form 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-cysteinylglycyl-7,9-trans-11 1,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (LTD4) and 5S-hydroxy-6R-S-cysteinyl-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (LTE4), respectively. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are generically described as sulfidopeptide leukotrienes and constitute the activity previously termed slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (Samuelsson, 1983; Lewis and Austen, 1984). The evidence indicating that the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes exert their physiological effects through interaction with several distinct receptors includes their differential functional activities on different tissues, the differential effects of pharmacological inhibitors on the agonist effects of the three sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, different receptor characteristics defined by radioligand binding studies, and apparent differences in the subcellular distribution of sulfi-dopeptide leukotriene binding sites.
It’s All About the Balance: Therapists’ Experience of Systemic Alliance Development

Building a therapeutic alliance with clients is an essential therapeutic task and primary skill taught in all clinical training programs. However, there is less research available that addresses how the therapeutic alliance changes when the client is a couple or family system. This study utilized focus groups with therapists at varying experience levels to explore how they conceptualized and practiced alliances with couple and family clients. All therapists emphasized the systemic therapeutic alliance as vital to progress. Less experienced therapists conceptualized alliance as connecting to each individual separately and equally. More experienced therapists focused on building an alliance with the client system, as well as individual clients. Using modified grounded theoretical analysis, three themes emerged: (a) create the systemic alliance, (b) monitor the system’s complexity, and (c) balance individual and systemic needs. Implications and recommendations for clinicians, educators, and supervisors are presented. A model of systemic alliance in the process of couple and family therapy is introduced and discussed.
Reducing Global Poverty: The Case for Asset Accumulation

A daunting challenge to the international community is how to go about lifting the world's huge poor population out of poverty. "Asset-based" approaches to development are aimed specifically at designing and implementing public policies that will increase the capital assets of the poor --i.e., the physical, financial, human, social, and natural resources that can be acquired, developed, improved, and transferred across generations. In this pathbreaking book, Caroline Moser and a group of experts with on-the-ground experience provide a set of case studies of asset-building projects around the globe. The authors use a cutting-edge research framework that moves beyond quick snapshot solutions to the problem of poverty. They highlight the ways in which poor households and communities can move out of poverty through longer-term accumulation of capital assets. Contributors include Michael Carter (University of Wisconsin), Monique Cohen (Microfinance Opportunities), Sarah Cook (Institute of Development Studies, Sussex), Hector Cordero-Guzman (Baruch College, CUNY), Lilianne Fan (Oxfam, UK), Pablo Farias (Ford Foundation, New York), Clare Ferguson (formerly DFID), Andy Felton (FDIC), Sarah Gammage (Rutgers University), Anirudh Krishna (Duke University), Amy Liu (Brookings Institution), Vijay Mahajan (BASIX, India), Paula Nimpuno-Parente (Ford Foundation, South Africa), Manuel Orozco (Inter-American Dialogue),Victoria Quiroz-Becerra (Baruch College, CUNY), Dennis Rodgers (London School of Economics), and Andres Solimano (CEPAL, Santiago, Chile).
Consonant cluster abbreviation: an abstract analysis

Abstract: Although previous studies of the abbreviation of consonants in clusters (CCAB) have described the degree of shortening quite accurately, few attempts have been made at explaining it. Those that have tried to account for CCAB have done so in terms of language-external forces (e.g. (a) the pressure to produce speech rapidly, (b) the highly redundant information in clusters) or language-internal forces (e.g. (c) the re-analysis of clusters as single segments). In contrast, we argue, first, that there is no direct cause and effect relationship between external physical or physiological factors and speech output. (This rules out explanations (a) and (b).) Second, we present experimental and theoretical evidence that CCAB is an active phonological process in English. (This rules out explanation (c).) Third, we argue that the internal structure of a CVC syllable must be analyzed as both C/VC and CV/C to account for the application of CCAB and other timing rules which require one or the other of these syllable structures. Finally, since a syllable cannot be assigned both of these structures simultaneously, we propose that at some point in the derivation of a syllable, a transformational rule applies which converts a CV/C structure into C/VC.
War against “Internal Enemies”: Dr. Franz Lucas's Sterilization of Sinti and Roma in Ravensbrück Men's Camp in January 1945

Following the passing of the “Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Genetic Diseases” in July 1933, sterilization became a means to tighten the borders of the German ethnic community against outsiders, including Sinti and Roma. For a while, Sinti soldiers were spared sterilization. After Himmler's Auschwitz decree of December 1942, they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They escaped the extermination of other Sinti and Roma in the Zigeunerlager on the night of August 2, 1944, only because they represented a human shield deployable against advancing Russian troops. Still, the Reich insisted on sterilizing them and their families before placing them in front of enemy guns because they were still considered “internal enemies.” As a result, some forty Sinti men and boys were sterilized by Dr. Franz Lucas in the men's camp in Ravensbruck in January 1945. Focusing on their story challenges Lucas's portrayal as the victim of SS practices, a narrative that long benefitted from the testimony of non-Sinti prisoners. In addition, compensation agencies in Germany underestimated the ongoing effects of psychological trauma resulting from sterilization. Sinti victims who were subjected to an “expert assessment” of their blood purity before war's end underwent a renewed assessment of their productivity for German society after the war.
Use of zoledronate, a bisphosphonate, to inhibit development of lung metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer

1198 Bisphosphonates are the current standard of care for breast cancer patients with evidence of skeletal metastasis, however they are not used for soft tissue metastasis. There are various types of bisphosphonate drugs with the newer nitrogen-containing versions (e.g. zoledronate and pamidronate) having additional properties as well as higher potency than the previous drugs (e.g. clodronate). Recent evidence suggests that zoledronate not only targets osteoclast activity in the bone, but can also inhibit production and activity of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 in macrophages. Since we have data indicating that inflammatory cell-expressed MMP9 is critical for the development of lung metastases in the MMTV-PyMT model of breast cancer, we wished to test if zoledronate could limit lung metastasis in this model. We have assigned a cohort of female MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice to one of three treatment groups: vehicle, low-dose or high-dose zoledronate. In an attempt to model the clinical situation, the mice are not started on therapy until a mammary tumor is palpable. The cellular target of interest in these studies is the macrophage, thus blood samples could possibly be used to screen for drug efficacy. For this reason, we collected plasma samples from pre, mid and post-treatment to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment in altering MMP9 levels as assessed by an ELISA for murine pro-MMP9. Unfortunately, it appears that plasma MMP9 levels are regulated more by overall primary tumor burden rather than drug exposure. Zoledronate treatment, either high or low dose, does not reduce the size, growth rate or overall burden of primary mammary tumors in the MMTV-PyMT model. However, the ratio of lung metastases to mammary tumor burden is reduced with zoledronate treatment. Thus, there appears to be a specific impact of zoledronate on development of metastatic lesions in this model. These results are consistent with our previous data implicating MMP9 in development of lung metastasis and suggest that zoledronate is effective at inhibiting soft tissue metastasis.
More than Just the Market: How Changes in Pay Policy Affect Organizations’ Performance Outcomes

In this study, we propose a new theoretical framework integrating economic perspectives with psychological theories and the human capital emergence model to investigate the unique nature and dynami...
Longitudinal Outcomes of Nonagenarians Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as the preferred alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in elderly patients. However, the long-term outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing TAVR are unknown. Methods Octogenarian and nonagenarian patients undergoing TAVR from 2011 to 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for baseline-adjusted outcome comparison and risk prediction. Survival was compared with age and gender-matched population from the Social Security Actuarial Life Table. Results A total of 649 (54.4%) octogenarians and 157 (13.2%) nonagenarians underwent TAVR. Nonagenarians had a lower body mass index (P Conclusions TAVR can be performed safely in nonagenarians, with comparable outcomes to younger patients approximating natural life expectancy. This age paradox should strengthen the role of TAVR in well selected nonagenarians by the heart team.
Relationships of selected factors and the level of computer use for instructional purposes by technology education teachers in ohio public schools: a statewide survey

This study determined the level of computer use for instructional purposes by technology education teachers in Ohio public schools. The study also investigated the relationships between the level of use and selected factors: expertise; access; attitude; support; and teacher characteristics. This study derived its theoretical framework from Rogers' (1995) model of diffusion of innovations. A survey-correlation research design was used. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to all technology education teachers (N = 1170) in Ohio public schools in the 2002–2003 school year. Validity and reliability were established for the survey instrument. The return rate of the survey was 66%. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. The findings of this study indicated that technology education teachers have high levels of computer use in mainstream computer uses such as word processing, e-mail, Internet, and classroom management. Strong positive correlation existed between the level of computer use and teachers' perceived expertise and teachers' perceived attitude toward computers as tools. In addition, moderate positive correlation existed between the level of use and teachers' perceived access to computers. Multiple regression analysis indicated a positive predictive value toward computer use with the demographic characteristics of instructional experience and modular instructional method, and a negative predictive value with age and urban geographic location. The independent variables that explain the greatest amount of variation in the level of computer use were in order of predictive value: teachers' perceived expertise, attitude, and access. Technology education teachers have high levels of computer use in mainstream applications and low levels of computer use in specialized applications. These levels of use are slightly lower than the state levels. Those teachers that possess expertise are the ones who use the computer for instructional purposes. Positive attitudes toward computers as tools provide a starting point for adoption of computer use. To increase computer use, technology education teachers need to be given more training. In-service training needs to be a top priority. Pre-service programs should include more courses in using computers as tools for teaching and learning.
Linear Polarization and Proper Motion in The Afterglow of Beamed GRBs

We investigate the polarization and proper motion expected in a beamed Gamma-Ray Burst's ejecta. We find that even if the magnetic field has well defined orientation relative to the direction of motion of the shock, the polarization is not likely to exceed 20%. Taking into account the dynamics of beamed ejecta we find that the polarization rises and decays with peak around the jet break time (when the Lorentz factor of the flow is comparable to the initial opening angle of the jet). Interestingly, we find that when the offset of the observer from the center of the beam is large enough, the polarization as function of time has three peaks, and the polarization direction of the middle peak is rotated by 90 degrees relative to the two other peaks. We also show that some proper motion is expected, peaking around the jet break time. Detection of both proper motion and the direction of polarization can determine which component of the magnetic field is the dominant.
RNA-catalysed guanosine methylation

Of the few known catalytic RNAs in biology, all but the ribosome involve reactions with phosphodiester bonds. Now, a ribozyme that catalyses a completely different reaction was discovered in all three domains of life.
"Servants, Obey Your Masters": Southern Representations of the Religious Lives of Slaves

This paper focuses on how representations of the religious lives of slaves, specifically their abilities to comprehend the Bible and flourish spiritually, became an issue that not only propelled the North and South toward the Civil War, but also perpetuated the conflict. Using original documents from the collections housed at Chicago’s Newberry Library, predominantly sermons written by proslavery ministers as well as documents published by missionary organizations, this paper explores the fierce defense of the institution of slavery mounted by proslavery Christians. Specifically, this paper’s interest is in how the representation of slaves by proslavery evangelical Christians as incapable of achieving spiritual flourishing without the aid of white Christians was the lynch pin that held their defense of slavery together. This defense took the form of a slaveholding ethic which claimed that slaveholders were accountable for the spiritual salvation of their slaves. Upon close examination of the writings of proslavery Christians, it becomes apparent that the slaveholding ethic was only able to stand because it denied some of the fundamental beliefs of evangelical Christianity, such as the free accessibility of Christ’s salvation. Though proslavery Christians fought fiercely to defend the institution of slavery, their defense was always built on a foundation of contradictions.
The sensitivity of fracture location distribution in brittle materials

The Weibull weak-link theory allows for the computation of distribution functions for both the fracture location and the applied far-field stress. Several authors have suggested using the fracture location information from tests to infer Weibull parameters, and others have used the predictive capabilities of the theory to calculate average fracture locations for brittle bodies. By a simple set of example calculations, it is shown that the fracture location distribution function is distinctly more sensitive to perturbations in the stress state than the fracture stress distribution function is. In general, the average fracture location is more subject to stress perturbations than the average fracture stress. The results indicate that care must be exercised in applying fracture location theory.
Blast‐induced rock fracture near a tunnel

SUMMARY Damage in the form of cracks is predicted to assess the susceptibility of a tunnel to failure due to a blast. The material-point method is used in conjunction with a decohesive failure model as the basis for the numerical simulations. The assumption of a cylindrical charge as the source for the blast allows the restriction of plane strain and two-dimensional analyses. In the simulation, a further restriction of a single pressure pulse is used as the source of stress waves that are reflected and refracted after reaching the free surface of the tunnel wall. Three critical zones of significant cracking in the vicinity of a tunnel are identified as potential contributors to tunnel failure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strengthening an Interagency Network for Geoscience Data Sets

More than 85 invited participants from government, academia, and the private sector attended the GeoData 2014 Workshop. The GeoData in the title of this workshop represents data sets collected and curated by the broad “Geo” community supported by numerous U.S. federal agencies: the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. Geological Survey, among others.
Global health benefits of being raised in a rural setting: results from the National Comorbidity Survey.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the association between being raised in a rural setting and physical and mental health among adults in the USA. METHODS: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 8098), a household probability sample representative of adults aged 15-54 years in the USA. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between being raised in a rural area and the likelihood of mental disorders, physical disorders, suicide behavior, and parental mental health. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Being raised in a rural setting was associated with decreased odds of ulcer (OR = 0.56 [0.34, 0.91]). Mental disorders (any lifetime) (OR = 0.74 [0.64, 0.85]), any anxiety disorder (OR = 0.75 [0.6, 0.92]) and any substance use disorder (OR = 0.79 [0.65, 0.94]) were significantly less likely among adults who were raised in a rural setting. Maternal psychopathology and exposure to trauma were significantly lower among those raised in a rural setting, compared with those who were not. These relations were not explained by sociodemographic differences. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide preliminary evidence that being raised in a rural environment lowers the risk of mental and physical health problems in adulthood. Being raised in a rural community also appears to be associated with significantly lower likelihood of exposure to trauma and maternal psychopathology. Future studies that can identify potential protective factors and mechanisms underlying these pathways are needed next. Language: en
Ten years of saturation: a petri net perspective

Due to their appealing conceptual simplicity and availability of computer tools for their analysis, Petri nets are widely used to model discrete-event systems in many areas of engineering. However, the computational resources required to carry out the analysis of a Petri net model are often enormous, hindering their practical impact. In this survey, we consider how symbolic methods based on the use of decision diagrams can greatly increase the size of Petri nets that an ordinary computer can reasonably tackle. In particular, we present this survey from the perspective of the efficient saturation method we proposed a decade ago, and introduce along the way the most appropriate classes of decision diagrams to answer important Petri net questions, from reachability to CTL model checking and counterexample generation, from p-semiflow computation to the solution of timed or Markovian nets.
Expression of I-A and I-E,C Region-Coded Ia Antigens on Functional B Cell Subpopulations

Ia antigens from specific subregions have been examined on functional B cell populations. Expression of both I-A and I-E,C region antigens was demonstrated on cells required for both lipopolysaccharide mitogenesis and polyclonal activation. Similar I-A and I-E,C subregion expression was found on cells required for response to the T-independent antigen, polyvinylpyrrolidone. TNP-specific IgM and hen egg lysozyme-specific IgG plaque-forming cells also express I-A and I-E,C region antigens. No evidence was found for an Ia- population responsive in the systems tested. Further, no evidence of preferential expression of I-A or I-E,C region antigens was observed in any system examined. Therefore, it appears that B cells express both I-A and I-E,C region-coded Ia antigens.
A constrained analytic solution for tracking non-rigid motion of the left ventricle

The problem of tracking left-ventricular (LV) endocardial motion from medical images is addressed. This approach accounts for information over two spatial dimensions and time in formulating a displacement flow field of the LV wall viewed as a deformable contour. A two-stage approach consisting of shape-based matching followed by smoothing of the resultant vectors over pairs of successive contours is described. Using least squares analysis, the authors derive an analytic solution to the smoothing stage, while still constraining displacement vectors to the contour definitions. The resulting formulation is considerably faster than previous methods and provides a vehicle for multistage development. >
Translating research into practice: The role of web-based education

SUMMARY Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) constitute a major focus of recent efforts to narrow the gap between research and practice. However, CBGs cannot effectively change clinical practice unless they are effectively disseminated. The present article describes a web-based course designed to teach nurses about a CPG for the management of alcohol withdrawal. In it, we outline the details of our web-based course, including its technical characteristics, organization, structure, and clinical content. Next, we outline several adjunctive strategies that may improve the effectiveness of such web-based educational interventions. Finally, we discuss other ways that web-based education may prove useful in disseminating evidence-based practices in human service delivery settings.
Latina subjectivity, sexuality and sensuality

This introductory essay considers the connections and contradictions of Latina sexuality and sensuality. It critiques the “othering” practices of hegemonic representation by studying the ways the “Madonna/Whore Complex” has affected the cultural specificity of the Latina body and its reception. It includes an analysis of the film by Lourdes Portillo, A conversation with academics about Selena (1999), in which leading Chicana intellectuals (i.e., Cherrie Moraga and Sandra Cisneros among others) discuss the impact of Selena's life and death on the community as well as her sensual brown body.
Bacterial Flagellum: Visualizing the Complete Machine In Situ

Electron tomography of frozen-hydrated bacteria, combined with single particle averaging, has produced stunning images of the intact bacterial flagellum, revealing features of the rotor, stator and export apparatus.
Vitamin C in tomatoes: Comparison of tomatoes developed for mechanical or hand harvesting

Variety does affect the ascorbic acid content of tomatoes. However, the tomatoes currently being developed for mechanical harvesting have as high ascorbic acid concentrations as those developed for more conventional harvesting. Tomatoes of the same variety, grown in different areas may have vitamin C concentrations which deviate as much as 17 percent from the average value for that variety. Although the vitamin C concentration of some varieties of tomatoes developed for mechanical and manual harvesting were highest when the plants were grown in one area of the country, this was not true for other varieties. The environmental factors which have been shown to influence the vitamin C content of conventional tomatoes have a comparable effect on the tomatoes developed for mechanical harvesting.
Effects of Complete Redd Dewatering on Salmonid Egg-Hatching Success and Development of Juveniles

Abstract The effects of prolonged stream desiccation on development of salmonid eggs were simulated for steelhead Salmo gairdneri and spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Recently fertilized eggs were placed in artificial redds and subjected to controlled water flows in outdoor laboratory channels. Control redds were continuously submerged. “Dewatered” redds were exposed to air; water flowed through the substrate 10 cm below the eggs. Eggs were dewatered 1–4 weeks (steelhead) or 1–5 weeks (chinook salmon) before they were returned to water in hatchery incubators, where hatching success and subsequent fry development were monitored. Several combinations of cobble, coarse sediment, and fine sediment used to cover eggs did not influence egg development, provided the mixtures retained at least 4% moisture by weight. Dewatered eggs hatched sooner than control eggs; faster hatch was associated with higher substrate temperature in exposed redds. Hatching success of dewatered eggs averaged 94% for stee...
Photophysical studies of calcium carbonate colloids

Abstract Pyrene carboxylic acids, PC n A, where n = 1, 4, 10 or 16 have been used to study colloidal CaCO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 solutions in benzene. The quenching of the probe excited state depends on the quencher and its location in the system. Excimer formation shows a dependence on chain length. For pyrene butyric acid, PBA, excimer formation is very fast while pyrene decanoic acid, PDA, and pyrene hexadecanoic acid, PHA, exhibit slower formation. All excimers are formed dynamically. The data are interpreted in terms of kinetics previously established for other heterogeneous systems. The studies comment on the differing nature of the interaction of fatty acids with CaCO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 colloidal surfaces.
TYPES OF FOLIAR DICHOTOMY IN LIVING FERNS

LEAVES OF CERTAIN ferns are commonly cited as 44primitive" on the general theory that they have retained dichotomy of the major vascular axes of the leaf from ancient psilophyte ancestors (Zimmermann, in Verdoorn, 1938; Lam, 1948). The present study suggests a re-interpretation to be based on comparisons with ordinary fern leaves, "pinnate" in the arrangement of their main veins. The term "foliar dichotomy" will be used here to refer not only to dichotomously lobed or divided leaves, but also to those with blades that are simple or nearly so, in which dichotomous organization is indicated by over-all vein pattern. The term is thus used for the basic patterns of maj or veins or vascular
Teacher Responses to Two Types of Consultative Special Education Services

Elementary general education teachers who had students with learning disabilities in their classes received consultation from experienced special education teachers using one of two models: a model combining teacher consultation and direct instruction (C/D, n = 20), or an indirect services model consisting solely of consultation (C/I, n = 14). The teachers completed pre/post questionnaires and an interview assessing their responses to the two models. A third group of teachers from the same schools who did not receive consultation also responded to the questionnaires (control, n = 13). Results indicated that teachers (a) preferred a consultation model that involved collaboration between the general education teacher and special education teacher across all stages of problem solving; (b) preferred consultation over referral, although those receiving C/I tended to lose this preference over time; (c) saw students' problems as more severe after receiving C/D, but not C/I; and (d) had different views of C/D and...
Evaluating effectiveness in computing centers

The goal model is appropriate for evaluating effectiveness in computing centers and, by extension, other service organizations.
Pediatric Follicular Mucinosis: Presentation, Histopathology, Molecular Genetics, Treatment, and Outcomes over an 11‐Year Period at the Mayo Clinic

Follicular mucinosis (FM) and folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (MF) are rare in children, and data regarding long-term outcomes are limited. We sought to describe clinical and histopathologic findings of children with FM with and without MF, as well as treatments administered and clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 22 years (at time of diagnosis) with a biopsy demonstrating FM who were seen in the Dermatology Department at the Mayo Clinic from September 1, 1999, to September 1, 2010. Eleven patients (six male, five female) ages 11 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis met the inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were available for 10 patients, with a mean duration of 4.9 years. The head, neck, and extremities were the most common sites of involvement, and lesions were follicular-based papules (18%), scaly alopecic patches and plaques (45%), or a combination of the two (36%). Overall, three patients were confirmed to have MF. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement demonstrated clonality in two cases and was equivocal in one case. Treatments included topical corticosteroids, topical retinoids, oral minocycline, and, in patients with MF, ultraviolet light and topical bexarotene. Lesions resolved completely in seven patients, partially in one, and not at all in two (no follow-up data on one patient). Of the three patients with MF, two had complete resolution, and one has intermittent flares. To our knowledge, no patients developed other lymphoproliferative disorders. FM in children is rare. A histopathologic diagnosis of FM does not equate to folliculotropic MF in all cases. Most patients responded to treatment with topical steroids, topical retinoids, or phototherapy. In our series of patients, the disease ran a benign course.
Connecting: Adding an affective domain to the information intents theory

Abstract The information intents theory strives to explain how and why information is used. In this research the theory was used to discover what happens when online LIS graduate students exchange and use information in threaded discussions. The primary source of data was 33 discussion threads, in which students exhibited cognitive and affective intents and were influenced by their instructor's immediacy in the online classroom. This research provides insight for LIS education, instructional design, and other disciplines that utilize distance education technologies.
Image processing using the SPRINT multiprocessor

Discusses the use of the systolic processor with a reconfigurable interconnection network of transputers, (SPRINT) systolic processor, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, for image processing and implementing the radon transform for computed tomography. As a highly parallel processor, configured with nearest-neighbor communication between processors, the SPRINT is shown to be ideally suited for these applications, performing approximately 300 times the speed of a VAX-11/780. A block diagram of the SPRINT is shown. The SPRINT's processors can operate in single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) or multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) mode. Each of its 64 processors is an INMOS Transputer, 1 32-b single-chip microprocessor. Performance results are summarized. >
Adjuvant therapy for cutaneous malignant melanoma

We discuss the current status of adjuvant therapy for melanoma by first reviewing the rationale and goals of adjuvant therapy and then analyzing the results of published randomized trials. We pay particular attention to adjuvant interferon trials that raise many challenging issues in the management of patients with melanoma at high risk of recurrence. Past adjuvant trials have used immunotherapeutic approaches, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as hormonal and retinoid therapy. We also summarize ongoing adjuvant trials.
Straight line regression through data with correlated uncertainties in two or more dimensions, with an application to kinetic isotope fractionation

Abstract Straight line regression algorithms are used frequently for measured data that contain non-negligible uncertainties in each variable. For the general case of correlated measurement uncertainties between two variables that differ from one analysis to the next, the popular algorithm of York, 1968 calculates the maximum likelihood estimate for the line parameters and their uncertainties. However, it considers only two-dimensional data and omits the uncertainty correlation between the slope and y -intercept, an important term for evaluating confidence intervals away from the origin. This contribution applies the maximum likelihood method to straight line regression through data in any number of dimensions to calculate a vector-valued slope and intercept as well as the covariance matrix that describes their uncertainties and uncertainty correlations. The algorithm is applied to Pb data measured by TIMS with a silica gel activator that define a fractionation line in a three dimensional log-ratio space. While the log-ratios of even mass number Pb isotopes follow the slope predicted by mass-dependent fractionation with a Rayleigh or exponential law within calculated uncertainties, the log-ratio containing the odd mass number isotope 207 Pb diverges significantly, exhibiting mass-independent fractionation. The straight line regression algorithm is appropriate for fractionation lines that form linear trends in log-ratio space, but not for isochrons or mixing lines, which are predicted to be linear only when plotted as isotope or compositional ratios.
Human Dimensions of Our Estuaries and Coasts

The connection between humans and the sea via the coastal margin is well understood. Many of our major cities are built in the coastal zone, and 44 % of the world’s population lives within 150 km of the coast (United Nations 2014a). This tight connection is driven by the benefits of commerce and the natural environment in the form of ecosystem goods and services. Our relationship with our coastal areas, however, is a delicate one. We receive numerous benefits but also have significant impacts on the systems providing these benefits. Quite simply, we often dominate our coasts, thus making the issue of governance even more relevant (Weinstein et al. 2007). Anthropogenic impacts, thus, eventually feedback and impact our well-being (MEA 2005; Cardinale, et al. 2012). Like many complex biogeochemical reactions, multiple ecosystem, economic, and social–cultural reagents combine in multiple ways to influence the end result. We propose here that the reagents of human well-being can be broken down to their elemental form. In autumn of 2011, the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation held its 21st biennial meeting. The theme of that conference was Societies, Estuaries, and Coasts: Adapting to Change. A unique aspect of this particular convening was the emphasis placed upon the interaction of humans with coastal environments, both as beneficiaries and sources of problems. The substantial number of presentations focusing on human dimensions demonstrated an expertise not traditionally a part of biophysical scientist gatherings. The success of that assemblage spurred the idea for a special theme section of the Federation’s journal, Estuaries and Coasts. This paper introduces that special section.
Phase portraits for a class of difference equations

In this paper,we analyze a certain class of difference equations governed by two papamters. Over a certain exlicitly determined parameter range,we are able to given an essentially complete description of the global behavior of solutions.For any one equation, solutions may exhibit a wide varity of features,including periodicity,neutral stability,near-chaos and exponential dispersion.
DISTRIBUTION OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IN MOTHER AND FETUS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PREGNANCY

INTRODUCTION THE occurrence of gonadotropic pregnancy hormones in some mammals presents a perplexing problem. So far, these hormones have been found in two widely separated taxonomic groups, the equidae and the primates. In the mare, production is limited to about the first half of pregnancy; the concentration is highest between the forty-fifth and eightieth days, and the hormone disappears completely by about the one hundred and seventy-fifth day (1). The rhesus monkey gives a positive reaction to tests for gonadotropin during only one week, between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth days of gestation (2). In the chimpanzee, gonadotropin appears about the twenty-fifth day, reaches a peak around the forty-second day, and disappears between the hundredth and the hundred-and-thirtieth days of gestation (3, 4). Man is unique in that gonadotropic hormone appears as early as ten days after fertilization (5) and that from here on, production is maintained throughout the duration of pregnancy. A peak is reached som...