cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The inferior colliculus of the mustached bat has the frequency-vs-latency coordinates

In the mustached bat, the central auditory system contains FM-FM (delay-tuned) neurons which are specialized for processing target-distance information carried by echo delays. Mechanisms for creating the FM-FM neurons involve delay lines, coincidence detection and amplification. A neural basis for delay lines can be a map representing response latencies. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus has a latency axis incorporated into iso-best frequency slabs. Responses of single or multiple neurons were recorded from the inferior colliculus of unanesthetized mustached bats with tungsten-wire electrodes, and their response latencies were measured with tone bursts at their best frequencies and best amplitudes or 65 dB SPL. In the dorsoventral electrode penetrations across the inferior colliculus, response latency systematically shortens from approximately 12 to approximately 4 ms. Tonotopic representation in the inferior colliculus is somewhat complex. Iso-best frequency slabs are tilted and/or curved, but they orient more or less ventrodorsally. Nevertheless, the latency axis is evident in each iso-best frequency slab, regardless of best frequency. The inferior colliculus has the frequency-vs-latency coordinates.
Study of Adsorption of Globular Proteins on Hydrophobic Surfaces

In this paper, we use micromachined, high-frequency, quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators to systematically study the physical and viscoelastic properties of spontaneously adsorbed globular protein films with molecular weights (MWs) spanning three decades on hydrophobic surfaces. Specifically, changes in the frequency and the Q -factor of the micromachined resonator array were studied as a function of concentration for five proteins, namely human serum albumin (HSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), human fibrinogen (Fib), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) at the fundamental and third resonance modes. The results obtained were interpreted using equivalent electrical impedance models for the multilayer stack on the quartz crystal microbalances surface. Discrete changes in the protein adsorption and the viscoelastic behavior with solution concentration were observed for all the five protein films. The spherical core-shell protein model is used to provide a simple explanation of the results. The work presents the first systematic and quantitative evaluation of the density, thickness, viscosity, and elastic modulus of adsorbed globular protein films and demonstrates the advantages of using micromachined high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonators for obtaining these types of data.
A VLSI architecture for a high-speed all-digital quadrature modulator and demodulator for digital radio applications

An all-digital architecture is presented for implementing the front-end signal-processing functions in a quadrature modulator and demodulator for high bit-rate digital radio applications. A pair of CMOS chips has been designed and submitted for fabrication in a 1.25- mu m process and is expected to accommodate symbol rates up to 35 MBd. The modulator chip accepts a pair of 8-b in-phase and quadrature data streams and generates a bandlimited IF output with an excess bandwidth factor of 35%. The demodulator chip accepts a digitized IF input signal and generates a pair of filtered in-phase and quadrature baseband signals. The modulator and demodulator chips each incorporate 40-tap multiplierless FIR (finite-impulse response) square-root Nyquist matched filters, and the cascade of the two chips achieves a peak intersymbol interference distortion of -54 dB. The modulator chip can generate any arbitrary signal constellation within a rectangular grid of 256*256 points. Thus, the all-digital implementation results in a generic chip set suitable for a wide variety of high bit-rate digital modem designs using formats such as M-ary PSK and QAM. >
Enhanced shot noise in p-n diodes due to thermal feedback

Mueller's mechanism for obtaining enhanced shot noise in p-n diodes due to thermal feedback is evaluated for a small diode represented by a lumped circuit thermal model. The excess noise is negligible at low-power dissipation but very significant if the device can operate near thermal instability. For devices represented by a distributed thermal circuit, the device can show excess noise with a spectrum 1/fαwhere α is close to unity, over a limited frequency range.
Glycated Hemoglobin as a Prognostic Risk Marker in Nondiabetic Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction What Now

The pandemic of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus continues to increase and remains a tremendous threat to global health. It is estimated that ≈11% of US adults have diabetes mellitus and another 35% have prediabetes based on elevated fasting glucose or glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.1 Despite improvements in the management of cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitus continues to confer an ≈2-fold increased risk for the development of myriad cardiovascular complications, a finding that is independent of comorbid conditions and remains poorly understood.2 Article see p 704 Multiple studies have expanded the relationship between dysglycemia and adverse cardiovascular outcomes by demonstrating that even milder abnormalities of glucose control (below the diagnostic threshold of diabetes mellitus) are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.3–5 In participants who did not have a history of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, baseline HbA1c levels of 5.5% to <6%, 6% to <6.5%, and ≥6.5% were associated with a 23%, 78%, and 95% greater risk for the development of coronary heart disease, respectively, compared with those with an HbA1c of 5.0% to 5.5%.5 Although this graded, continuous relationship between HbA1c and adverse cardiovascular outcomes has been demonstrated in patients with and without known diabetes mellitus, HbA1c appears to be a stronger cardiovascular risk marker in patients without previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus.3,6 It well recognized that hyperglycemia is commonly present in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and is associated with a graded increased risk of death or cardiovascular complications in patients both with and without previous recognized diabetes mellitus.7 Despite the breadth of studies that have examined the prognostic significance of hyperglycemia during an acute coronary syndrome, it remains unclear whether elevated …
Integrin expression during epithelial migration and restratification in the tenascin-C-deficient mouse cornea.

In the unwounded cornea, tenascin-C localizes to a short stretch of the basement membrane zone at the corneoscleral junction or limbus. To determine whether the function of the limbus is affected by the absence of tenascin-C, mice possessing a deletion of tenascin-C and strain-matched wild-type mice are used in corneal debridement wounding experiments. The expression of integrins (α3, α9, and β4) in the tenascin-C knockout corneas is evaluated by producing polyclonal cytoplasmic domain antipeptide sera and performing immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, we evaluate the localization of several other proteins involved in wound healing, including fibronectin, laminin β1, nidogen/ entactin, and VCAM-1, in both the tenascin knockout and wild-type mice. There are no differences in healing rate, scarring, or neovascularization after corneal debridement wounds. α9 integrin is expressed at the limbal border of unwounded tenascin-C knockout animals and is upregulated during migration only after the larger wo...
Reappraisal of the tribosphenidan mammals from the Trinity Group (Aptian-Albian) of Texas and Oklahoma

The Trinity therians have long been the focus of attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of higher mammals, es− pecially in the context of the development of tribospheny. In this paper, we update the taxonomy of the tribosphenidan taxa known from the Trinity Group and establish with more confidence the premolar/molar count in each. Many isolated specimens can be referred to a specific tooth locus. Additional diversity is revealed within the Deltatheroida, with the de− scription of an additional species of Oklatheridium; Pappotherium is here considered a likely metatherian based on the in− ferred presence of four molars, while Holoclemensia is a basal eutherian (the opposite of some traditional interpretations). The remainder of the genera, Kermackia and Slaughteria, cannot be allied with either of the living groups of tribo− sphenidan mammals using the available data. We identify strong morphological diversity within this assemblage of stem taxa, including modifications to the traditional tribosphenic occlusal pattern in Kermackia. Mammalian evolution at the base of the tribosphenidan radiation was complex, and this underscores the need for caution when interpreting the mor− phology and relationships of taxa known by incomplete material.
Reduction in high-frequency hearing loss following technical modifications to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

OBJECT Microvascular decompression is a safe and effective procedure to treat hemifacial spasm, but the operation poses some risk to the patient’s hearing. While severe sensorineural hearing loss across all frequencies occurs at a low rate in experienced hands, a recent study suggests that as many as one-half of patients who undergo this procedure may experience ipsilateral high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), and as many as one-quarter may experience contralateral HFHL. While it has been suggested that drill-related noise may account for this finding, this study was designed to examine the effect of a number of techniques designed to protect the vestibulocochlear nerve from operative manipulation on the incidence of HFHL. METHODS Pure-tone audiometry was performed both preoperatively and postoperatively on 67 patients who underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm during the study period. A change of greater than 10 dB at either 4 kHz or 8 kHz was considered to be HFHL. Additionally, the a...
Teachers' Judgments of Students' Early Literacy Skills Measured by the Early Literacy Skills Assessment: Comparisons of Teachers with and without Assessment Administration Experience.

Teacher judgments about students' academic abilities are important for several reasons, including their day-to-day instructional decision making. Not surprisingly, previous studies have investigated the accuracy of teachers' judgments about their students' reading abilities. Previous research, however, has not investigated teachers' judgments about students' early literacy skills, nor has previous research systematically examined how teachers' training and use of an objective assessment instrument impact their judgments of students' performance on that instrument. This exploratory study offers the first investigation of teachers' judgment accuracy of pre-kindergarten students' early literacy skills, and compares the judgment accuracy of teachers with and without opportunities to administer the Early Literacy Skills Assessment (ELSA). Findings suggest that teachers with opportunities to administer the ELSA had a significantly higher percentage of accurate judgments across half of the ELSA subtests, but their judgment accuracy was still no better than 50%–60% on all but one ELSA subtest. Implications for school psychologist practitioners and researchers are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Pathological Influenza A Virus Infection Is Associated with Augmented Expression of PD-1 by Functionally Compromised Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells

One question that continues to challenge influenza A research is why some strains of virus are so devastating compared to their more mild counterparts. We approached this question from an immunological perspective, investigating the CD8(+) T cell response in a mouse model system comparing high- and low-pathological influenza virus infections. Our findings reveal that the early (day 0 to 5) viral titer was not the determining factor in the outcome of disease. Instead, increased numbers of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and elevated effector function on a per-cell basis were found in the low-pathological infection and correlated with reduced illness and later-time-point (day 6 to 10) viral titer. High-pathological infection was associated with increased PD-1 expression on influenza virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, and blockade of PD-L1 in vivo led to reduced virus titers and increased CD8(+) T cell numbers in high- but not low-pathological infection, though T cell functionality was not restored. These data show that high-pathological acute influenza virus infection is associated with a dysregulated CD8(+) T cell response, which is likely caused by the more highly inflamed airway microenvironment during the early days of infection. Therapeutic approaches specifically aimed at modulating innate airway inflammation may therefore promote efficient CD8(+) T cell activity. We show that during a severe influenza virus infection, one type of immune cell, the CD8 T cell, is less abundant and less functional than in a more mild infection. This dysregulated T cell phenotype correlates with a lower rate of virus clearance in the severe infection and is partially regulated by the expression of a suppressive coreceptor called PD-1. Treatment with an antibody that blocks PD-1 improves T cell functionality and increases virus clearance.
Detecting coordinated regulation of multi-protein complexes using logic analysis of gene expression

Background Many of the functional units in cells are multi-protein complexes such as RNA polymerase, the ribosome, and the proteasome. For such units to work together, one might expect a high level of regulation to enable co-appearance or repression of sets of complexes at the required time. However, this type of coordinated regulation between whole complexes is difficult to detect by existing methods for analyzing mRNA co-expression. We propose a new methodology that is able to detect such higher order relationships.
Photoluminescent Properties of ZnO Layers Prepared by Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition

ZnO layers have been heteroepitaxially deposited on sapphire using organometallic chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure. The quality of the layers was assessed using photoluminescence spectroscopy at 16K. The layers exhibited strong ultraviolet near bandedge luminescence. The dependence of near bandedge and deep level photoluminescence emission on deposition conditions was examined.
Measurement of the effect of Amazon smoke on inhibition of cloud formation.

Urban air pollution and smoke from fires have been modeled to reduce cloud formation by absorbing sunlight, thereby cooling the surface and heating the atmosphere. Satellite data over the Amazon region during the biomass burning season showed that scattered cumulus cloud cover was reduced from 38%in clean conditions to 0%for heavy smoke (optical depth of 1.3). This response to the smoke radiative effect reverses the regional smoke instantaneous forcing of climate from –28 watts per square meter in cloud-free conditions to +8 watts per square meter once the reduction of cloud cover is accounted for.
A new crustacean from the Early Devonian Rhynie chert, Aberdeenshire, Scotland

A new crustacean, Castracollis wilsonae is described from a loose block of the Early Devonian Rhynie chert, found in the vicinity of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It differs markedly from Lepidocaris rhyniensis, Scourfield 1926, the only other crustacean found in the Rhynie chert.The material comprises complete individuals up to 8 mm long and fragmentary remains. The head is normally damaged and detached from the body, and damage to the anterior of the trunk suggests the specimens are exuviae. The head appears domed with a labrum, robust mandibles, and long biramous antennae. A few specimens exhibit a probable detached cephalo-thoracicshield. The trunk is multi-segmented, comprising similar ring-like somites. The thorax variably comprises up to 26 segments. The anterior 11 segments possess similar long, phyllopodous appendages, the remainder variably possess 10 to 15 phyllopodous appendages with a disposition of one per somite. The abdomen comprises up to 28 apodous segments. The posterior of the body comprises a telson with two furcal rami.The crustacean is most probably a calmanostracan branchiopod. It occurs associated with Lepidocaris, charophytes, cyanobacteria and coprolites within a ‘clotted’ chert texture, indicating subaqueous deposition, most probably in a temporary freshwater pool in an area of surficial hydrothermal activity.
Distal fixation of proximally coated tapered stems may predispose to a failure of osteointegration

Despite excellent long-term results of proximally coated tapered wedge femoral stems in noncemented total hip arthroplasty, we have consistently observed a minority fail to achieve osteointegration. We retrospectively reviewed 320 consecutive total hip arthroplasties performed by a single surgeon using a single stem over a 4-year period. Clinical and radiographic parameters were analyzed for risk factors predisposing to a failure of osteointegration, defined as a progressive circumferential radiolucency around the proximal porous coating on both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Fifteen stems (4.7%) failed to osteointegrate; 3 underwent femoral revision for persistent thigh pain, whereas the remainder expressed varying degrees of symptomatology. Risk factors associated with failure of osteointegration were male sex, a smaller canal-flare index, larger stem size, and greater canal fill at the mid- and distal-thirds of the stem. Awareness of variability in proximal femoral morphology and problems caused by distal fixation with a proximally coated implant may help avoid this uncommon but potentially serious complication.
The Long Drive Ahead to Better Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: First (Case) and 10 (Years Later).

In this issue of JAMA Neurology, Mez and colleagues 1 present a case of a young former amateur football player diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), identified pathologically at autopsy at age 25 years, following death due to complications of endocarditis. This athlete is just one in a series of former contact sports athletes, including those having played American football, with evidence of CTE at autopsy. Several of these former players were even younger—just teenagers at the time pathological findings were identified. 2 What distinguishes this case from other similar cases was his inclusion in the Understanding Neurologic Injury and Traumatic Encephalopathy (UNITE) study, with an evaluation that uniquely included neuropsychological testing within months of his young death. As noted by the authors, arguably a group in the best position to recognize CTE clinically, his history and profile did not clearly distinguish CTE from postconcussion syndrome or depression, particularly given the young age of presentation. The case, in its findings, uncertainties, and timing, offers an opportunity to highlight a number of important, ongoing developments in the field of concussion and CTE, but also underscores the many substantial, unresolved, and essential questions left unanswered in the field. The case of this former collegiate football player appears 10 years after the first reported case of football-associated CTE, identified in a former professional athlete. 3 That publication put the sport of American football under increasing scrutiny about the prevalence and long-term sequelae of head injury in the sport. Omalu and colleagues 3 faced a now storied criti
The Neoliberal State and the State of Empathy

Neoliberalism, the ideology of modern capitalism that has held sway for three decades now, is essentially a wholesale repudiation of Keynesian economics under which government intervenes to stabilize the economy, a theory which had a fundamental influence on the New Deal. It’s sometimes overlooked that Keynesianism is also an ideology, an adjustment by capitalists when structural crises ceased to guarantee “enough” profitability. However, just because capitalists are flexible in making adjustments doesn’t mean there are no convictions behind the new set of beliefs. That’s because “ruling class ideologies are rarely just lies cynically spread in order to win the acquiescence of the ruled. They are sets of beliefs that give the ruling class a sense of its own importance, sanctity and its rule in its own eyes as well as in the eyes of others and provide it with confidence that it can deal with any apparent flaws in its own system.”4
Computer modeling of tumor hyperthermia (a dynamic lumped parameter model).

The thermal behavior of normal and neoplastic tissue is modeled by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The equations lump the tissue and tumor into individual compartments, so that the equations are time dependent. These equations represent an initial step in the development of a comprehensive model which may be used in studying the dynamics and control of the system under normo-and hyperthermic conditions.
The cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce sodium intake

BackgroundTo guide resource allocation, policy makers need evidence of the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We summarized such evidence on selected interventions to reduce sodium intake that would be intended as population-wide approaches to control hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensi
'Self-Help which Ennobles a Nation': Development, citizenship, and the obligations of eating in India's austerity years

In the years immediately following independence, India's political leadership, assisted by a network of civic organizations, sought to transform what, how, and how much Indians ate. These campaigns, this article argues, embodied a broader post-colonial project to reimagine the terms of citizenship and development in a new nation facing enduring scarcity. Drawing upon wartime antecedent, global ideologies of population and land management, and an ethos of austerity imbued with the power to actualize economic self-reliance, the new state urged its citizens to give up rice and wheat, whose imports sapped the nation of the foreign currency needed for industrial development. In place of these staples, India's new citizens were asked to adopt ‘substitute’ and ‘subsidiary’ foods—including bananas, groundnuts, tapioca, yams, beets, and carrots—and give up a meal or more each week to conserve India's scant grain reserves. And as Indian planners awaited the possibility of fundamental agricultural advance and agrarian reform, they looked to food technology and the promise of ‘artificial rice’ as a means of making up for India's perennial food deficit. India's women, as anchors of the household—and therefore, the nation—were tasked with facilitating these dietary transformations, and were saddled with the blame when these modernist projects failed. Unable to marshal the resources needed to undertake fundamental agricultural reform, India's planners placed greater faith in their ability to exercise authority over certain aspects of Indian citizenship itself, tying the remaking of practices and sentiments to the reconstruction of a self-reliant national economy.
TRF1 and TRF2 Differentially Modulate Rad51-Mediated Telomeric and Nontelomeric Displacement Loop Formation in Vitro

A growing body of literature suggests that the homologous recombination/repair (HR) pathway cooperates with components of the shelterin complex to promote both telomere maintenance and nontelomeric HR. This may be due to the ability of both HR and shelterin proteins to promote strand invasion, wherein a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrate base pairs with a homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) template displacing a loop of ssDNA (D-loop). Rad51 recombinase catalyzes D-loop formation during HR, and telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) catalyzes the formation of a telomeric D-loop that stabilizes a looped structure in telomeric DNA (t-loop) that may facilitate telomere protection. We have characterized this functional interaction in vitro using a fluorescent D-loop assay measuring the incorporation of Cy3-labeled 90-nucleotide telomeric and nontelomeric substrates into telomeric and nontelomeric plasmid templates. We report that preincubation of a telomeric template with TRF2 inhibits the ability of Rad51 to promote telomeric D-loop formation upon preincubation with a telomeric substrate. This suggests Rad51 does not facilitate t-loop formation and suggests a mechanism whereby TRF2 can inhibit HR at telomeres. We also report a TRF2 mutant lacking the dsDNA binding domain promotes Rad51-mediated nontelomeric D-loop formation, possibly explaining how TRF2 promotes nontelomeric HR. Finally, we report telomere repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) promotes Rad51-mediated telomeric D-loop formation, which may facilitate HR-mediated replication fork restart and explain why TRF1 is required for efficient telomere replication.
ED-01MEDULLOBLASTOMA PRESENTING AS AN INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

CASE REPORT: Children with medulloblastoma usually present with ataxia, nystagmus, dysmetria, intention tremor, cranial nerve deficits or signs of elevated intra-cranial pressure. On MRI a midline non-homogenously enhancing lesion is seen often with associated brainstem compression, ventricular dilatation and transependymal CSF migration. We describe a 12 year old child who presented with dizziness, emesis, neck pain and occipital headache resulting from minor head trauma on the preceding day. Past history included recent onset intermittent diplopia corrected with lenses. Neurological examination was normal except for mild left hearing loss and decreased visual acuity. CT scan at admission revealed an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) extending through the left foramina of Luschka and Magendie and compressing the adjacent cerebellum and brainstem. MRI /MRA/Cerebral angiogram did not uncover any underlying pathology. After observation for 3 days he was discharged with residual mild left hearing loss and left horizontal nystagmus. On follow up four months later he was found to have lost all hearing (left) and had difficulty with balance. MRI showed a 2.8 x 2.6 x 2.4 cm left CPA mass hypo-intense on T1 with hyperintense foci on T2. The mass extended into the internal auditory canal and compressed the brainstem without causing hydrocephalus. A peri-lesional hemorrhagic stain was observed. On repeat review of an MRI performed 2 months earlier the mass was noted to be present measuring 1.5 x 1.1 x 1.2 cm. Spinal cord MRI was negative. Gross total resection of the mass was complicated by left facial nerve palsy and severe obstructive hydrocephalus requiring temporary EVD placement. The patient is on treatment for medulloblastoma (classic histology/WNT subgroup).Hearing loss persists but his 7th CN palsy is improving. We seek to highlight that on MRI an acute intracranial hemorrhage can camouflage a neoplastic process.
Rabies surveillance in the western region of Zhuhai city from 2008 to 2009

Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and to provide the scientific evidence for rabies control.Methods Between 2008-2009,data concerning the rabies infection were collected and analyzed.Results A peak of rabies infection was found between June and October in the western regions of Zhuhai city.The rabies exposure rate was slightly higher in males than in females.30.1% of the infected subjects were between 0 to 14 years old.The rate of lower extremity infection was 52.0%.94.1% of the infected subjects had one infection site.The degree of damage was superficial(97.1%) and 80.1% of the wound were classified as Class II.82.4% of the infection was due to dog bite.96.6% of the victims had the treatment after the infection.Over 55.1% of the victims treated the wound after 2 hours of infection.70.2% of the victims received vaccination within 24 hours after infection.Conclusion There was an upward trend in the number of rabies cases in the western regions of Zhuhai city.Young men in the rural areas are the target group in the future of rabies control.
The effect on humoral immunity induced by middle hepatitis B virus surface antigen deglyco-sylation in BALB/c mice

Objective:To observe the effect on humoral immunity induced by deglycosylated middle hepatitis B virus surface antigen(MHBs) in BALB/c mice.Methods:By the use of gene modification using PCR,Asn encoding codon AAT/AAC were replaced by Gln encoding codon CAG,so the N-glycosylation sites Asn-X-Thr/Ser(NXS/T) were replaced by Gln-X-Thr/Ser(QXS/T).On the base of a DNA vaccine(pSW3891/MHBs/Adr) encoding MHBs,three new N-linked deglycosylation mutations were engineered:dG1,deglycosylation of Asn 4,located on the preS2;dG23,deglycosylation of Asn 59 and Asn 146,located on the HBs and dG123,deglycosylation of Asn4,Asn59 and Asn146.In vitro expressions following transient transfetion in 293T cell line were observed.Also the MHBs antibody titers were studied in BALB/c mice by different deglycosylated MHBs DNA vaccine.Results:HBsAg could be detected both in the supernatant and the cell lysate after transient transfection in 293T cell line with adr and dG23 DNA vaccine.It also could be detected in the cell lysate but not in the supernatant with dG1 and dG123.Mice immunized with adr、dG1 and dG23 showed strong anti-HBs response(ending point1:102400),but not with dG123(ending point1:200).Conclusion:The MHBs secretion in 293T cells was significantly influenced by the deglycosylation of Asn 4 in MHBs,but the antibody level induced by deglycosylated vaccine in the mice was not affected.The MHBs secretion and the antibody titers were slightly influenced by the deglycosylation of both Asn59 and Asn146,but they were completely impacted by the deglycosylation of Asn4,Asn59 and Asn146 simutaneously.
Pre-evaluation of Occupational Hazards in Expansion Project of an Acetic Acid Plant

[Objective]To identify and evaluate the possible occupational hazard factors in this construction project,provide the technical evidences for project approval. [Methods]The qualitative and quantitative evaluation was conducted by empirical method and analogy analysis,the possible occupational hazard factors in this construction project were identified,and its damage degree was analyzed,so as to assess the feasibility of protective measures. [Results]In the feasibility study report of this project,the location and overall layout,protective measures of occupational hazards,health auxiliary chamber and individual protective articles,occupational health management,emergency response measures accorded with the hygienic requirements. [Conclusion]There are occupational hazard factors in this project.In order to achieve the desired effect of occupational hazards prevention,it is necessary to strictly implement the occupational hazard protection measures.
Outline of Oat Cultivation in Heilongjiang Province

The nutritional and economic value of oat briefly was introduced,the planting of oat in Heilongjiang province would benefit the adjustment of economic and planting configuration was put forward,the outline of oat cultivation in five aspects including seed choosing,plough,fertilizing,right time planting,field management,harvest and store were introduced.
Prospective treatment plan-specific action limits for real-time intrafractional monitoring in surface image guided radiosurgery.

Purpose: In surface image guided radiosurgery, action limits are created to determine at what point intrafractional motion exhibited by the patient is large enough to warrant intervention. Action limit values remain constant across patients despite the fact that patient motion affects the target coverage of brain metastases differently depending on the planning technique and other treatment plan-specific factors. The purpose of this work was twofold. The first purpose was to characterize the sensitivity of single-met per iso and multimet per iso treatment plans to uncorrected patient motion. The second purpose was to describe a method to prospectively determine treatment plan-specific action limits considering this sensitivity. Methods: In their surface image guided radiosurgery technique, patient positioning is achieved with a thermoplastic mask that does not cover the patient's face. The patient's exposed face is imaged by a stereoscopic photogrammetry system. It is then compared to a reference surface and monitored throughout treatment. Seventy-two brain metastases (representing 29 patients) were used for this study. Twenty-five mets were treated individually (“single-met per iso plans”), and 47 were treated in a plan simultaneously with at least one other met (“multimet per iso plans”). For each met, the proportion of the gross tumor volume that remained within the 100% prescription isodose line was estimated under the influence of combinations of translations and rotations (0.0–3.0 mm and 0.0°–3.0°, respectively). The target volume and the prescription dose–volume were considered concentric spheres that each encompassed a volume determined from the treatment plan. Plan-specific contour plots and DVHs were created to illustrate the sensitivity of a specific lesion to uncorrected patient motion. Results: Both single-met per iso and multimet per iso plans exhibited compromised target coverage under translations and rotations, though multimet per iso plans were considerably more sensitive to these transformations (2.3% and 39.8%, respectively). Plan-specific contour plots and DVHs were used to illustrate how size, distance from isocenter, and planning technique affect a particular met's sensitivity to motion. Conclusions: Stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans that treat multiple brain metastases using a common isocenter are particularly susceptible to compromised target coverage as a result of uncorrected patient motion. The use of such a planning technique along with other treatment plan-specific factors should influence patient motion management. A graphical representation of the effect of translations and rotations on any particular plan can be generated to inform clinicians of the appropriate action limit when monitoring intrafractional motion.
A Standardized Southbound API for VNF Management

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) offers network operators great flexibility toward managing network functions, i.e. in-network appliances such as firewalls, load balancers and NATs. Several frameworks exist to this end; however VNF management is fragmented, and no standard management API exists. As a result, each framework uses a proprietary API which a network function must support to fully realize its benefits. This lack of standardization is a major barrier in the wider adoption of NFV. We propose a standard, framework-agnostic southbound API to facilitate faster adoption of NFV and enable innovation in the design of both management frameworks and network functions.
Ethics, Methods, and Measures in Intimate Partner Violence Research: The Current State of the Field:

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-studied topic, surprisingly little consensus among researchers has been reached with regard to the definition and measurement of its major typologies and constructs. The rigorous development and testing of prevention and intervention strategies on a large scale are hampered by many of these methodological difficulties as well as ethical considerations that make conducting IPV research difficult. The author presents a review of the current state of IPV research in these three areas (ethics, methods, and measurement) with suggestions for innovative research possibilities building from this status quo. Moving the field of IPV research forward is necessary to establish a broader evidence base for the prevention and treatment of abuse and to improve outcomes for survivors of IPV.
Incidence and time trends of drug-induced parkinsonism: A 30-year population-based study.

Background Epidemiological studies of drug-induced parkinsonism remain limited. Objectives To investigate the incidence and time trends of drug-induced parkinsonism over 30 years in a geographically defined American population. Methods We used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all persons in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who received a screening diagnostic code for parkinsonism from 1976 through 2005. A movement disorders specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each person to confirm the presence of drug-induced parkinsonism associated with dopamine-blocking or dopamine-depleting medications. Results Among 906 incident cases of parkinsonism from 1976 to 2005, 108 persons had drug-induced parkinsonism (11.9%). The average annual incidence rate of drug-induced parkinsonism was 3.3 per 100,000 person-years, was higher in women, and increased with older age. Drug-induced parkinsonism was the fifth-most common type of parkinsonism overall; however, it was the most common type among persons younger than age 40 years. Typical antipsychotic drugs were the most common class of drugs associated with parkinsonism, whereas atypical antipsychotic drugs were rarely involved. The incidence rate of drug-induced parkinsonism decreased 32.0% per decade (relative risk = 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.94) and 68.6% over the 30 years of the study. The decrease was similar in men (65.2%) and women (69.4%); however, the trend was significant only in women. Conclusions The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increased with older age and was higher in women at all ages. Typical antipsychotic drugs were the most common cause. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism decreased over the 30 years of the study because of changes in drug use. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Salmonella Meningitis Associated with Monocyte Infiltration in Mice.

In the current study, we examined the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to infect the central nervous system and cause meningitis following the natural route of infection in mice. C57BL/6J mice are extremely susceptible to systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium because of loss-of-function mutations in Nramp1 (SLC11A1), a phagosomal membrane protein that controls iron export from vacuoles and inhibits Salmonella growth in macrophages. Therefore, we assessed the ability of Salmonella to disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS) after oral infection in C57BL/6J mice expressing either wild-type (resistant) or mutant (susceptible) alleles of Nramp1 . In both strains, oral infection resulted in focal meningitis and ventriculitis with recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to the CNS. In susceptible Nramp1 −/− mice, there was a direct correlation between bacteremia and the number of bacteria in the brain, which was not observed in resistant Nramp1 +/+ mice. A small percentage of Nramp1 +/+ mice developed severe ataxia, which was associated with high bacterial loads in the CNS as well as clear histopathology of necrotizing vasculitis and hemorrhage in the brain. Thus, Nramp1 is not essential for Salmonella entry into the CNS or neuroinflammation, but may influence the mechanisms of CNS entry as well as the severity of meningitis.
The Riemann—Roch Theorem

Fix a compact Riemann surface X, and let g = g X be its genus, M its field of meromorphic functions, and Ω the space of meromorphic 1-forms on X. A divisor D = Σm P P on X is just another word for a 0-chain. That is, it assigns an integer m P to each point P in X, with only finitely many being nonzero. We say that the order of D at P is m P , and write ord P (D) = m P . The divisors on X form an abelian group. As for 0-chains, the degree of a divisor is the sum of the coefficients: deg(D) = Σm P . If E = Σn P P is another divisor, we write E ≥ D to mean that n p ≥ m P for all P in X. A divisor D is called effective if each coefficient m P is nonnegative, i.e., D ≥ 0.
From Scholarship Girls to Scholarship Women: Surviving the Contradictions of Class and Race in Academe

This article explores the dilemmas graduate education poses for women of working-class origin who come from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. It proceeds in a chronological narrative using examples from the authors9 personal experiences to make general points about how the intricate web of class, race, and gender relations shaped their experiences in higher education. Both women—Cuadraz, a Chicana, and Pierce, a white woman—struggle with the feelings of alienation and marginality as outsiders within the academy as well as their material needs for financial support. Their personal narratives reveal, as well, how race shapes their experiences in the academy. Racism renders Cuadraz9 class status visible, whereas “whiteness” masks Pierce9s background. Finally, the authors shift their focus from an examination of the structures which shaped their lives to an exploration of their attempts to find their own voices in academic work, and to resist the very structures which excluded their experiences as women from working-class backgrounds.
Principal Component (EOF) Analysis

Abstract Principal component analysis is a linear data transformation defined in terms of the eigenvectors of their covariance matrix, which provides maximal data compression. Often useful insights into multivariate data arise from interpretation of these transformations. In meteorology and climatology this method is most often applied to time series of spatial fields, although it is also applicable in other settings.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Hemoglobin from Human Whole Blood with a Coordination-Polymer-Derived Composite Material Based on ZnO and Mesoporous Carbon.

A composite material, ZnO@MC, has been synthesized successfully by calcination using a one-dimensional zinc-based coordination polymer as the precursor. In ZnO@MC, ZnO particles with a size of about 5-8 nm are dispersed evenly in a mesoporous carbon matrix. Adsorption experiments at pH 6.8 with 2 mg ZnO@MC as adsorbent illustrated an adsorption efficiency of 92.3 % in 5 mL hemoglobin (Hb) solution with a concentration of 100 mg L-1 . In contrast, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin can almost be ignored under the same conditions. The selectivity originates from a strong ZnII -histidine interaction between ZnO@MC and hemoglobin. The adsorption behavior of hemoglobin on ZnO@MC fits the Temkin model perfectly with a capacity as high as 11646 mg g-1 . The hemoglobin adsorbed on the composite material can be eluted easily with sodium dodecyl sulfate stripping reagent with an extraction efficiency of 87.7 %. Circular dichroism spectra and protein activity studies suggest the structure and biological activity of hemoglobin is the same before and after the adsorption/desorption experiment. Finally, the ZnO@MC composite material was employed to extract hemoglobin from human whole blood without any pretreatment, and gave a very satisfactory result.
Stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture (SILEC) for accurate measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are conserved metabolic cofactors that mediate reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions throughout all domains of life. The diversity of synthetic routes and cellular processes involving the transfer of reducing equivalents to and from these cofactors makes the accurate quantitation and metabolic tracing of NAD(H) and NADP(H) of broad interest. However, current analytical techniques typically rely on standard curves that do not incorporate confounding effects of the sample matrix. We utilized the essential requirement of niacin and tryptophan for NAD synthesis in mammalian cells to devise a stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture (SILEC) method for efficient labeling of intracellular NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. Coupling this approach with detection by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), we demonstrate the utility of incorporating a [13C315N1]-nicotinamide moiety into a library of NAD-derived metabolites for use as internal standards in matrixed samples. Using a two-label system incorporating [13C315N1]-nicotinamide and [13C11]-tryptophan, we quantify the relative contribution of salvage and de novo NAD synthesis, respectively, in S. cerevisiae and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells under basal conditions. As a further proof-of-principle, we demonstrate an improvement in the linear range for quantification of NAD and apply this method to analysis of NAD(H) in mouse liver. This method demonstrates the generalizability of SILEC, and provides a simple method for generating a library of stable isotope labeled internal standards for quantifying and tracing the metabolism of cellular and tissue NAD(H) and NADP(H).
Windowless extrapolation chamber measurement of surface dose rate from a 90 Sr/ 90 Y ophthalmic applicator

Abstract In this study, a planar extrapolation chamber without an entrance window was tested through measurements of a 90Sr/90Y ophthalmic applicator that had been previously calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This work was performed as part of a larger aim to determine surface dose rate from curved 106Ru/106Rh plaques using a convex windowless extrapolation chamber. Capacitance measurements were carried out to assess the initial air gap width between the source face and collecting electrode. The EGSnrc DOSRZnrc Monte Carlo user code was used to determine correction factors for backscatter, divergence, and attenuation caused by the aluminized Mylar® entrance window in the NIST extrapolation chamber. Measured surface dose rate values were compared with the expected result from the NIST source calibration, and the average observed difference was +4.1% with a standard deviation of ±0.6%. The dose rate from each measurement trial was within the estimated combined uncertainty in the reference source calibration of ±7.0% (k = 2) given by NIST. The experiment results suggest that an entrance window is not needed to achieve accurate dose rate measurements for a beta-emitting source with a planar extrapolation chamber, as long as the collecting electrode diameter is small compared to the source diameter. Therefore, a convex extrapolation chamber without an entrance window is proposed for the calibration of concave 106Ru/106Rh episcleral plaques.
Trastuzumab-associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiographic syndrome that presents with neurological manifestations, including seizures, headache, or confusion, and is associated with posterior cerebral white matter edema on imaging. PRES is typically a benign and reversible condition. However, PRES can be fatal or associated with permanent deficits. Numerous conditions are associated with PRES, including hypertensive encephalopathy, renal diseases, and cytotoxic or immunosuppressant drugs. Recently, many case reports described the association between PRES and chemotherapeutic agents. However, trastuzumab-associated PRES is rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of a 51-year-old female with a history of metastatic gastric cancer who developed seizures while being treated with trastuzumab, and neuroimaging confirmed the diagnosis of PRES.