cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Structured Lecture Podcasting to Facilitate Active Learning

This paper presents an overview of a study of educational podcasting in higher education. This research aims to remedy pedagogical deficiencies in lecture podcasting by structuring content with chapter features designed to facilitate active learning behaviors. Also as mobile media players are quickly becoming ubiquitous, so is media multitasking. However, media multitasking, the processing of multiple information streams, presents challenges for human cognition. This study further investigated relationships in the usage of the chapter features through multitasking preferences and aspects of psychological flow. The study revealed that students used the chapter features as a supporting resource in their lecture study strategies for selection and review behaviors and also to support both their multitasking and flow behavioral preferences. The theory driven method and instrument developed to conduct this research can facilitate future studies.
Stress Modeling of Tectonic Blocks at Cape Kamchatka, Russia Using Principal Stress Proxies From High-Resolution SAR: New Evidence for the Komandorskiy Block

Abstract A new data set of 851 lineaments mapped from European Remote Sensing satellites 1 and 2 full resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are interpreted as geological proxies for stresses resulting from plate and block collision near the Cape Kamchatka region of the Kamchatka Peninsula using a Geographical Information Systems-based analysis. Numerical Manifold Method (NMM) analysis is used to model the stress field within the Cape Kamchatka region resulting from the collision of lithospheric plates and blocks. Results of our NMM model, using different plate motion and plate configuration in the region, are compared with orientation data for the mapped set of lineaments. These data suggest that the lineaments observed in SAR cannot be fully explained by a simple two-plate model in this in the Cape Kamchatka region. As an alternative, we propose that the data can be explained by the existence of the previously proposed Komandorskiy Block. Recent Global Positioning Satellite measurements in the Aleutian Islands support our lineament-derived model and show that the near Islands/Komandorskiy Island block of the extreme western Aleutians is moving independently of the North American Plate.
Genetic polymorphisms in the apoptosis-associated genes FAS and FASL and breast cancer risk

FAS and FAS ligand (FASL) play key roles in apoptotic signaling and down-regulation of this pathway may facilitate tumorigenesis. Alterations in apoptosis genes may affect cancer risk by influencing individual susceptibility to environmental carcinogens. Using a population-based breast cancer case-control study on Long Island, New York, we examined whether polymorphisms in FAS and FASL modified the association between breast cancer risk and a marker of environmental exposures, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. We examined polymorphisms in FAS (5' UTR -1377G/A and 5' UTR -670G/A) and FASL (5' UTR -844C/T) in 1053 breast cancer cases and 1102 population-based controls. There was no significant association between these genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. The presence of at least one variant allele (GA or AA) in FAS1377 was associated with a 36% increase in breast cancer risk among those with detectable PAH-DNA adduct levels [odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.83]. In addition, lactation history significantly modified the association between FAS1377 and FAS670 genetic variants and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04-2.06 and OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.13-1.58, respectively, in those who ever lactated compared with those who did not with the wild-type alleles). Overall, this study suggests that the risk of breast cancer may be elevated among women with polymorphisms in the FAS gene and detectable PAH-DNA adducts.
Inflammatory modulation of muscarinic receptor activation in canine ileal circular muscle cells

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Spontaneous in vivo phasic contractions are suppressed during ileal inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that modulation of the contractile response to muscarinic receptor activation contributes to this inhibition. METHODS: Muscarine, methacholine, and arecaidine propargyl ester were infused close-intra-arterially in the normal and inflamed ileum of conscious dogs. Concurrent studies were performed on in vitro muscle strips. RESULTS: Prior close-intra-arterial infusions of tetrodotoxin or hexamethonium had no significant effect on the contractile response to any agonist, indicating that they acted primarily on smooth muscle muscarinic receptors. The contractile response to each agonist was suppressed significantly during inflammation. The median inhibitory dose of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) was 57-244-fold smaller than that of pirenzepine, methoctramine, and tropicamide to inhibit the contractile response to muscarine. Inflammation induced a significant leftward shift in the inhibitory dose-response curve to methoctramine but not to 4-DAMP, pirenzepine, or tropicamide. The data from in vitro muscle strips were similar to those in conscious dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation suppresses the phasic contractile response to muscarinic receptor activation in circular smooth muscle cells. The spontaneous and muscarinic agonist-stimulated in vivo phasic contractions of ileal circular smooth muscle cells are mediated primarily by M3 receptors. (Gastroenterology 1997 Mar;112(3):864-74)
The occasional observer , a new source for what is happening in operations research practice

Through a series of decisions over the past two de cades by the US Patent Office and federal courts, people and companies are now able to patent algo rithms, software, and business methods. Many in the computer-science-and-applied-mathematics commu nity were against this development because they thought this would impede the free exchange of ideas. I do not know if this has happened. Nevertheless, one consequence that the government desired is that mod els and algorithms are now valuable intellectual prop erty. We can see what inventions people value by look ing in the United States Patent Office database. It is now available online, and using its search engine, I looked up some of the keywords in the OR/MS index to see what patents have some OR content. Since a pro fessionally done patent can cost between $10,000 and $20,000, the database contains models and algorithms that someone thinks have value in the marketplace. I have one caveat: individuals can patent their ideas without using patent attorneys at the cost of the ap plication fees and their time. Some might do this be cause they overvalue their work or just want to say they have a patent.
Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence.

A meta-analysis of stereotype threat effects was conducted and an overall mean effect size of |.26| was found, but true moderator effects existed. A series of hierarchical moderator analyses evidenced differential effects of race- versus gender-based stereotypes. Women experienced smaller performance decrements than did minorities when tests were difficult: mean ds |.36| and |.43|, respectively. For women, subtle threat-activating cues produced the largest effect, followed by blatant and moderately explicit cues: ds |.24|, |.18|, and |.17|, respectively; explicit threat-removal strategies were more effective in reducing stereotype threat effects than subtle ones: ds |.14| and |.33|, respectively. For minorities, moderately explicit stereotype threat-activating cues produced the largest effect, followed by blatant and subtle cues: ds |.64|, |.41|, and |.22|, respectively; explicit removal strategies enhanced stereotype threat effects compared with subtle strategies: ds |.80| and |.34|, respectively. In addition, stereotype threat affected moderately math-identified women more severely than highly math-identified women: ds |.52| and |.29|, respectively; low math-identified women suffered the least from stereotype threat: d |.11|. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
A Servitude of One’s Own: Isolation, Authorship, and the Nineteenth-Century British Governess

Nora Gilbert, “A Servitude of One’s Own: Isolation, Authorship, and the Nineteenth-Century British Governess” (pp. 455–480) Much has been written, both during the Victorian era and in recent literary and cultural-historical criticism, about the plight of the nineteenth-century British governess, a plight that is largely attributed to her uncomfortable position of “status incongruence,” as M. Jeanne Peterson has usefully labeled it. Because the governess was deemed inferior to the family she worked for but superior to the family’s domestic servants, her free time was not uncommonly spent on her own—even, more specifically, in a room of her own. And, just as Virginia Woolf would envision in her landmark feminist treatise, the activity that this isolated, educated woman habitually and productively turned to was the activity of writing. Almost all resident governesses relied on letter writing as their primary source of connection to the outside world, but many also expressed their thoughts and opinions in the form of journals, diaries, memoirs, advice manuals, essays, poems, and works of fiction. Bringing together a diverse sampling of fictional and nonfictional accounts of the governess’s relationship to authorship (and paying particular attention to the novels and letters of Charlotte and Anne Bronte, our best-known and most culturally resonant governesses-turned-authoresses), this essay outlines the ways in which the governess, both as an iconic figure and as a real, writing woman, influenced the formal, stylistic, and thematic development of nineteenth-century women’s literature.
Theories of Management: Implications For Organizational Behavior and Development

This article presents a review of the book “Theories of Management: Implications for Organizational Behavior and Development,” by Raymond E. Miles.
Nosocomially acquired bacteriuria due to Proteus rettgeri and Providencia stuartii.

An unusual outbreak of nosocomially acquired bacteriuria due to gentamicin-resistant strains of Proteus rettgeri and Providencia stuartii occurred in 48 patients with indwelling urethral catheters. All strains of both species were susceptible to kanamycin. The cause of the outbreak proved to be a common source of contamination of urinary leg bags. Many strains in both species agglutinated in anti-P. rettgeri 0:26 serum.
Seepage Through Foundations Containing Discontinuities

Case histories concerning seepage from four Bureau of Reclamation dams and reservoirs emphasize that materials forming foundations and abutments for hydraulic structures and reservoir floors may be disrupted by discontinuities; seepage assumes status of calculated risk that may continue during operational life of structure.
Improper magnetic ferroelectricity of nearly pure electronic nature in helicoidal spiral CaMn 7 O 12

Helicoidal magnetic order breaks inversion symmetry in quadruple perovskite ${\mathrm{CaMn}}_{7}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, generating one of the largest spin-induced ferroelectric polarizations measured to date. Here, the microscopic origin of the polarization, including exchange interactions, coupling to the spin helicity, and charge density redistribution, is explored via first-principles calculations. The $B$-site ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ (Mn3) spin adopts a noncentrosymmetric configuration, stabilized not only by spin-orbit coupling (SOC), but also by the fully anisotropic Hubbard $J$ parameter in the absence of SOC, to break inversion symmetry and generate polarization. Berry phase computed polarization $({P}_{\mathrm{elec}}=2169\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2})$ exhibits nearly pure electronic behavior, with negligible Mn displacements $(\ensuremath{\approx}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\AA{})$. Orbital-resolved density of states shows that $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ orbital mixing is microscopically driven by nonrelativistic exchange striction within the commensurate ionic structure. Persistent electronic polarization induced by helical spin order in the nearly inversion-symmetric ionic crystal lattice suggests opportunities for ultrafast magnetoelectric response.
256. Die Rolle der Endoskopie bei der Diagnostik akuter Oberbauchschmerzen

Bei 425 Patienten, die mit akuten Oberbauchschmerzen aufgenommen wurden, wurde retrospektiv der Einsatz diagnostischer Verfahren bzgl. Aussagekraft and zeitlichem Ablauf untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 1755 apparative Untersuchungen (Rontgen, Ultraschall, Endoskopie, CT usw.) durchgefuhrt. 30% der Patienten wurden gastroskopiert. Die diagnostische Sensitivitat der Gastroskopie wurde fur entzundliche Schleimhautveranderungen bzw. Ulcera mit ca. 95% ermittelt. Die Endoskopie war damit sowie auch im zeitlichen Ablauf radiologischen Verfahren (MDP) uberlegen. Sie stellt eine wichtige Methode bei der rationellen Diagnostik akuter Oberbauchschmerzen dar.
Intermolecular vibrations in hydrophobic amino acid crystals: experiments and calculations.

Intermolecular vibrations of amino acid crystals occur in the THz, or far-infrared, region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We have measured the THz and Raman spectra of dl-leucine as well as two polymorphs of dl-valine, the spectroscopic properties of which have not previously been compared. Theoretical modeling of intermolecular vibrations in hydrophobic amino acids is challenging because the van der Waals interactions between molecules are not accounted for in standard density functional theory. Therefore, to calculate the vibrational modes, we used a recently developed approach that includes these nonlocal electron correlation forces. We discuss methods for comparing results from different theoretical models using metrics other than calculated vibrational frequency and intensity, and we also report a new approach enabling concise comparison of vibrational modes that involve complicated mixtures of inter- and intramolecular displacements.
The Myth of a Gentile Galilee: The political and demographic history of Galilee

For much of antiquity, possession of Galilee shifted hands from power to power. It was conquered successively by the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Ptolemies, the Seleucids, and the Hasmoneans. With the demise of the Hasmonean dynasty came the Herodians, and after them direct Roman rule. Some scholars have concluded that each of these waves of conquest left a dramatic imprint on the composition of Galilee's population, so that in the time of Jesus, elements of all of these external, non-indigenous groups dwelled closely together in the small region. Others have focused on key moments in Galilean history, especially the Assyrian conquest and the Hasmoneans' “Judaization” of the region. The question of the extent of the Roman presence in first-century Galilee has also loomed large in recent discussion. In fact, the accuracy of the image of successive waves of immigrants into Galilee is doubtful. In this chapter, I will provide an overview of Galilee's history. Detailed treatments of Palestine's political history are readily available elsewhere, so I will focus specifically on the development of Galilee's population, starting with the Assyrian conquest and tracing events until the early second century. Because I am here concerned with Galilee's broader historical development, detailed discussions of individual communities will be reserved for chapter 3. The Assyrian conquest of Galilee Before the invasion The nature of the earliest Israelite settlement in Galilee, as in the rest of Palestine, is unclear.
The death instinct and the future of humans.

Freud’s notion of the “death instinct” has been conceived of by many subsequent authors in many ways. One of the misuses of it is as an excuse for passivity in the face of the current crisis in hum...
The criticality of CMO-CIO alignment

Abstract This year, chief marketing officers (CMOs) will spend more money on IT than chief information officers (CIOs). This rapid shift in responsibility is creating a growing divide between CIOs and CMOs over firms’ IT investment decisions and actions, which is of increasing significance to firm performance. Understanding and managing this CIO-CMO divide is important in light of the magnitude of investment involved—global IT spending is estimated to exceed $4.1 trillion by 2018—and CEOs’ belief that technology is a critical success factor for future firm performance. Heretofore, there has been little investigation regarding the unique relationship between the CMO and CIO. The research reported herein addresses this shortcoming by revealing the results of in-depth interviews with CMOs and CIOs across multiple industries. The results identify the nature and sources of conflict between the two roles as well as the management-related mechanisms to overcome them, revealing the need for CEOs to focus on managing four specific sources of CMO-CIO conflict: perspective, goals, accountability, and structural conflict. While the CEO has the power to create the management-related mechanisms that promote greater CMO-CIO alignment, we also detail steps that the functional leaders can take to put the mechanisms in place should the CEO fail to do so.
Measuring the Impact of Travel Costs on Grocery Shopping

We build an empirical framework for the analysis of grocery store choice. We find that higher travel costs lead people to shop at places where they pay higher prices and face less variety in economically significant magnitudes. Moreover, store convenience (or travel costs) – rather than prices or variety – is what drives store choice. These results suggest that policies increasing access to supermarkets in areas with a limited supermarket presence are a step in the right direction, in terms of getting people to shop at stores that are more affordable and more likely to offer healthy foods.
Speech Versus Speaking: The Experiences of People With Parkinson's Disease and Implications for Intervention.

Purpose In this project, we explore the experiences of people who report speech changes associated with Parkinson's disease as they describe taking part in everyday communication situations and rep...
Antecedents of transition patterns of depressive symptom trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood

This study examined (a) transition patterns from adolescent-specific depressive symptom trajectory classes to young adult-specific trajectory classes (N = 537; 15-26 years) and (b) identified risk factors associated with these transition patterns. The latent classes and transition analyses identified three transitional patterns of depressive symptom trajectories, including a deteriorating pattern (8.2%), a recovering pattern (22.5%), and a consistently low pattern (69.3%). Additionally, the results showed that contextual risk factors (i.e., negative economic events, negative romantic relationships, and low college enrolment rates) in the transition period to young adulthood were more positively associated with deteriorated or recovered transition patterns of depressive symptom trajectories than with the consistently low transition patterns even after taking into account the effects of adolescent risk factors. The identification of dynamic transition patterns in depressive symptom trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and risk factors provide useful tools for preventive and intervention efforts. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Heterogeneous trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood have been reported. Psychosocial characteristics differentiate trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. What does this study add? Dynamic transition patterns of depressive symptom trajectories are found between adolescence and young adulthood. Life experiences in the transition period are uniquely associated with the transition patterns of depressive symptom trajectories even after adjusting the effects of adolescent characteristics.
Transitioning from adequate to inadequate sleep duration associated with higher smoking rate and greater nicotine dependence in a population sample.

Abstract Introduction Inadequate sleep (≤ 6 and ≥ 9 h) is more prevalent in smokers than non-smokers but the extent to which sleep duration in smokers relates to smoking behaviors and cessation outcomes, is not yet clear. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we investigated the extent to which sleep duration predicted smoking behaviors and quitting intention in a population sample. Methods Data from current smokers who completed the baseline (N = 635) and 5-year follow-up (N = 477) assessment in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort study were analyzed. Multivariable regression models using smoking behavior outcomes (cigarettes per day, time to first cigarette, difficulty not smoking for a day, quitting intention) and sleep duration (adequate (7–8 h) versus inadequate (≤ 6 and ≥ 9 h) as the predictor were generated. All models adjusted for age, sex, race, and education. Results Worsening sleep duration (adequate to inadequate) predicted a more than three-fold higher odds in increased cigarettes per day (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.25–8.06), a more than three-fold increased odds of not smoking for the day remaining difficult (OR = 3.90; 95% CI = 1.27–12.01), and a > 8-fold increased odds of higher nicotine dependence (OR = 8.98; 95% CI = 2.81–28.66). Improving sleep duration (i.e., inadequate to adequate sleep) did not predict reduced cigarette consumption or nicotine dependence in this population sample. Conclusion Transitioning from adequate to inadequate sleep duration may be a risk factor for developing a more “hard-core” smoking profile. The extent to which achieving healthy sleep may promote, or optimize smoking cessation treatment response, warrants investigation.
Integrating Mathematics and Children's Literature for Young Children with Disabilities.

Math skills are critical for children’s future success in school, as school-entry math knowledge is the strongest predictor of later academic achievement. Although there is a recent increase of lit...
Incandescent Rolling Mill: An experimental device with industrial implications

An incandescent rolling mill, designed to operate with roll temperatures exceeding 1200°F is described. Modifications in design and construction materials are suggested that could result in the use of this rolling mill at even higher temperatures and in industrial applications. Such applications as rolling thin strip and sheet, metal powders, and Ausformed steel strip and sheet, as well as the roll bonding of materials are discussed.
Fisonomía múltiple de un autorretrato cervantino

There exists in the Novelas Ejemplares a dual resonance marked by a title that talks about both the genre of the exemplum and that of the novella. The tension between entertainment and learning remains refl ected in the prologue thanks to the portrait of the author made by himself. In relation with this multiple nature, I analyze in this article the interpretative possibilities of the Cervantine self-portrait in the poetic and aesthetic planes, but also in those of the ethics and the autobiography. The burlesque form, the jocular tone of the description, coexists with shades that talk about the deep worries of an already elderly author, who counterposes the decrepit image of the old age, with the cheerful enthusiasm of the one who knows himself on the way to everlasting fame.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent ( mmpi-a )

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (mmpi-a) is the new adolescent-specific version of the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (mmpi). It was developed during the revision and restandardization of the original mmpi, which also yielded the mmpi-a, the revised adult-specific version of the mmpi. The interested reader is referred to the mmpi-2 chapter found in this text for a thorough review and description of the newly revised mmpi form for adults.
Liberal bioethics and contested surgeries.

In this issue of the Report, Arthur Frank recommends a "Socratic approach" to the ethical evaluation of contested surgeries. Consumer protectionist bioethics--his term for the mainstream bioethical offshoot of modern liberalism--focuses on risks and benefits, adequate disclosure, and the "consumer's" sovereign choice. Socratic bioethics, by contrast, asks questions about the good life and its relation to health; it takes seriously the effects of someone's choice on the choices open to others. Without judging some types of surgery morally acceptable and others beyond the pale, Socratic bioethics can prove liberating, he argues, by expanding our awareness of options. Moreover, it can "show how decision-making can proceed in ways that command respect." Accordingly, Frank's aim is "not to offer guidelines for practice" but "to open up the discourses in which people both professionals and potential patients--are able to think about how their actions affect themselves and their communities." Frank discusses four types of surgery: surgically shaping women's feet to fit into designer shoes, limb-lengthening surgery on children with congenital dwarfism, intersex surgery on children with anomalous genitalia, and craniofacial surgery on children with major facial deformities. His commentary on these surgeries is very valuable--open-minded yet critical, and insightful about cultural dimensions. While he emphasizes process--improving the way we think, talk, and decide about contested surgeries he hardly abstains from moral judgments about the surgeries, even though he avoids the language of right and wrong. But while I generally agree with his judgments, I respectfully disagree with several aspects of his approach. Frank dichotomizes modern liberal bioethics and the Socratic approach. But the latter is a methodology, or style of questioning, whereas the former is a moral-political worldview. I reject the dichotomy. Indeed, I think vigorous use of the Socratic approach will vindicate some version of the modern liberal worldview. Moreover, I suspect that a robust liberalism better supports Frank's moral judgments than does the postmodernism that he apparently embraces. Craniofacial surgery on children is often justified because, as Frank's observations suggest, it frequently serves the children's best interests; whether repeated follow-up surgeries are warranted depends largely on whether they help the children. But evidence abounds that many intersex surgeries on children have not only followed an anemic or even deceitful proxy consent process, but have violated the best interests standard: many who have undergone the procedure deeply regret the choice made for them. …
Intelligent Mobile Messaging for Smart Cities Based on Reinforcement Learning.

Mobile messaging has become a trend in our daily lives, and is vital in supporting new services in smart cities. The current schema for messaging is to route all the messages between mobile users through a centralized server. This scheme, though reliable, creates very heavy load on the server. It is possible for users to communicate through peer-to-peer (P2P) connection, especially over urban networks characterized by heavy user traffic and dense network connectivity. P2P connections however do not provide the best user experience, as they are sometimes unreliable due to network coverage fluctuation. We propose an intelligent messaging framework based on reinforcement learning to strike a balance between reducing server load and improving user experience. The system learns and adapts in real-time to user mobility and messaging patterns. The adaptive system dynamically chooses between routing through the server and routing via P2P connection. As it does not rely on user location information, user privacy is thus preserved. Performance evaluation through simulation of user movement and messaging patterns demonstrates that the system is able to find the best messaging policy for users, achieves a well balance between heavy server load and unreliable communication, and provides a fine user messaging experience while reduces server load. We believe that this work is significant for future smart cities and urban networking where mobile messaging will be prominent among mobile users as well as mobile smart objects.
A Physical Testbed for Smart City Research

City infrastructure is deteriorating, traffic management systems are becoming increasingly inefficient due to volume, and resources are becoming scarce. In the era of information and analytics, the idea of smart cities has been increasingly proposed as a solution to inefficient public services and resource management. While some cities have had success with beginning to transform into smart cities, the process has revealed significant barriers. One of which is the communication infrastructure necessary to create an interconnected network of sensors, actuators, and analytics systems. This barrier is discussed, and a physical testbed for smart city research is proposed. The current progress of the testbed development is reported, and a plan for continued work is outlined.
Preparation of PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Fluorescent Probe Coumarin-6

Abstract In this report, we provided a novel platform to prepare fluorescent probe coumarin-6 nanoparticles by using biodegradable material polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) as material. The coumarin-6-PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion and solvent evaporation. The encapsulation efficiency and releasing kinetics were also investigated. Results indicate that the encapsulation efficiency of coumarin-6 nanoparticles was 51.6%, the utilization rate was 81.9%, the average particle size was 135 nm, and the leakage rate of coumarin-6 in vitro was lower than 72 h. 2%. Our experimental results provide evidence that PLGA nanoparticles can effectively encapsulate fluorescent probe Coumarin-6 and release the probe in a controlled manner.
Loss of succinate dehydrogenase B immunohistochemical expression distinguishes pulmonary chondromas from hamartomas.

Aims Pulmonary chondromas, which are rare cartilaginous neoplasms that often arise in the setting of Carney triad, are morphologically similar to pulmonary hamartomas, which are much more common. There is evidence that succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency drives neoplasia in patients with Carney triad, and SDHB immunohistochemistry can be used as a surrogate marker to detect SDH deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of SDHB immunohistochemistry in distinguishing pulmonary chondromas from hamartomas. Methods and results Immunohistochemistry for SDHB (clone 21A11AE7) was performed on histological sections from six cases of pulmonary chondroma and 33 cases of pulmonary hamartoma. SDHB expression was retained in all 33 pulmonary hamartomas, and lost in the majority of evaluable chondromas (five of six). Of the five patients with chondromas showing SDHB loss, four had definitive Carney triad. Most patients with pulmonary hamartomas were older males with small solitary masses, whereas chondromas often presented as multiple masses in young females. Conclusion Loss of SDHB immunohistochemical expression can be useful for differentiating pulmonary chondromas from hamartomas, and potentially identifying patients with Carney triad.
EXERCISE HYPERPNEA. THE ULTRA SECRET

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on exercise hyperpnea. It presents an analysis of a model of J.S. Haldane's concept of exercise hyperpnea made explicit in J.S. Gray's Multiple Factor Theory. The chapter also presents a simplified version of this theory in which paCO2 is the only chemical agent considered. If VCO2 is increased without changing VA, paCO2 must rise. This, in turn, would stimulate VA and the final steady state operating point at any given VCO2 would be determined by simultaneous solution of controller and plant equations. As this is a proportional controller, there will be some steady state error” in paCO2 which increases parabolically with VCO2 and varies inversely with controller gain. This is a very attractive explanation for exercise hyperpnea. It is simple, requires no exotic stimuli, and provides an automatic adjustment of ventilation to metabolism. Although the adjustment would fall short of perfection to the extent that the controller gain fell short of infinity, a reasonably sensitive controller would provide a very satisfactory behavior.
An Examination of Time Allocation in Early Childhood Teacher Candidates' Clinical Field Placements.

This research study examines how instructional time is allocated while early childhood teacher candidates are present in mentor teachers’ classrooms as part of clinically-based teacher preparation....
Feeding relations: applying Luhmann’s operational theory to the food system

Current, prevalent models of the food system, including complex-adaptive systems theories and commodity-as-relation thinking, have usefully analyzed the food system in terms of its elements and relationships, confronting persistent questions about a system’s identity and leverage points for change. Here, inspired by Heldke’s (Monist 101:247–260, 2018) analysis, we argue for another approach to the “system-ness” of food that carries those key questions forward. Drawing on Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, we propose a model of the food system defined by the relational process of feeding itself; that is, the food system is made of feeding and only feeding, and system structures are produced by the coupling of that process to its various contexts. We argue that this approach moves us away from understandings of the food system that take structures and relations as given, and sees them instead as contingent, thereby helping to identify leverage points for food system change. The new approach we describe also prompts us as critical agrifood scholars to be constantly reflexive about how our analyses are shaped by our own assumptions and subjectivities.
On Grassmannian Frames with Spectral Constraints

We extend our original submission [1] to SampTa 2017’s in-proceedings collection. In the prequel, we studied the relationship between 1-Grassmannian frames – unit-norm, tight frames with minimal coherence – and Grassmannian frames – minimizers of coherence among unit-norm frames where tightness is relaxed. As a consequence of the observations in the prequel, we observe that a simple trichotomy arises, partitioning all Grassmannian frames into three components, each supplemented with examples. We analyze several families of Grassmannian frames and show that two of the components are infinite. For the third component, although we expect that it is infinite too, we are only aware of two concrete examples. Finally, in the interim between the prequel’s release and preparation of the present article, the minimal coherence of a Grassmannian frame consisting of six vectors in ℝ4 was verified for the first time, along with proof that it admits no 1-Grassmannian counterpart. This leads to a question about the coherence of the corresponding 1-Grasmmannian, which must have greater coherence. As with a related example in the prequel, we exploit the invariance of the 1-Grassmannian property under the Naimark complement to answer this new question.
Identification of green lineage osmotic stress pathways

Maintenance of water homeostasis is a fundamental cellular process required by all living organisms. Here, we use the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to establish a foundational understanding of evolutionarily conserved osmotic-stress signaling pathways in the green lineage through transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, and functional genomics approaches. Five genes acting across diverse cellular pathways were found to be essential for osmotic-stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas including cytoskeletal organization, potassium transport, vesicle trafficking, mitogen-activated protein kinase and chloroplast signaling. We show that homologs of these genes in the multicellular land plant Arabidopsis thaliana have conserved functional roles in stress tolerance and reveal a novel PROFILIN-dependent actin remodeling stage of acclimation that ensures cell survival and tissue integrity upon osmotic stress. This study highlights the conservation of the stress response in algae and land plants and establishes Chlamydomonas as a unicellular plant model system to dissect the osmotic stress signaling pathway.
Thickness-independent transport in thin (001)-oriented cadmium arsenide films

The three-dimensional Dirac semimetal is a parent phase for a variety of topological phases that can be generated by tuning parameters in material growth or device operation. Notably, it has recently been found that cadmium arsenide, which is ordinarily a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal, can nevertheless realize a three-dimensional topological insulator in (001)-oriented films about 50-nm thick. In this work, we study the quantum Hall effect in thin (001)-oriented cadmium arsenide films, their thickness ranging from 12 to 24 nm. When the carrier density is kept approximately constant across the different films, quantum transport reveals an identical underlying picture. The result is shown to be consistent with the transport's origin in the surface states of a three-dimensional topological insulator, but problematic for a perspective in which the quantum Hall effect originates from the confined subbands of the bulk band structure. These thin-film results complement previous studies of the quantum Hall effect in 50-nm-thick films.
Implementing pain management into your beef cattle practice

Implementing pain management practices in typical production settings may present real and perceived challenges for US beef cattle practitioners. Convincing producers, and sometimes, fellow practitioners, that pain management strategies and practices may benefit cattle welfare and potentially contribute to health and/or performance benefits is not always an “easy sell”. Additionally, practitioners and clients may be concerned with the legality, cost, and feasibility of implementing strategies in typical beef cattle production environments. Provision of education and training, demonstration of their use in typical production settings, and communication of relevant guidance resources may empower interested beef cattle veterinarians to increase the use of pain management practices.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Theranostics for Treatment of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer.

Theranostics, a combination of therapy and diagnostics, is a field of personalized medicine involving the use of the same or similar radiopharmaceutical agents for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising theranostic target for the treatment of prostate cancers. Diagnostic PSMA radiopharmaceuticals are currently used for staging and diagnosis of prostate cancers, and imaging can predict response to therapeutic PSMA radiopharmaceuticals. While mainly used in the setting of metastatic, castrate-resistant disease, clinical trials are investigating the use of PSMA-based therapy at earlier stages, including in hormone-sensitive or hormone-naive prostate cancers, and in oligometastatic prostate cancers. This review explores the use of PSMA as a theranostic target and investigates the potential use of PSMA in earlier stage disease, including hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer, and oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Deploying Wireless Networks

Foreword Sir David Brown, FREng Preface Acknowledgements Author's disclaimer 1. Introduction 2. Wireless network systems 3. Principles of access network planning 4. Introduction to RAN planning and design 5. GSM RAN planning and design 6. UMTS RAN planning and design 7. Cellular OFDM RAN planning and design 8. Mesh network planning and design 9. Core network and transmission 10. Network operation and optimisation Acronyms Index.
Game Theory and Incentives in Human Computation Systems

The success of a human computation system depends critically on the humans in the system actually behaving, or acting, as necessary for the system to function effectively. Since users have their own costs and benefits from participation, they will undertake desirable actions only if properly incentivized to do so: Indeed, while there are a vast number of human computation systems on the Web, the extent of participation and quality of contribution varies widely across systems. How can a game-theoretic approach help understand why, and provide guidance on designing systems that incentivize high participation and effort from contributors?
Epitaxial multiferroic heterostructures

Epitaxial multiferroic composites have become a popular topic for the last few years, and several prototypes of devices based on these heterostructures have been proposed. In strain-mediated multiferroic systems, strong magnetoelectric coupling is expected between the order parameters of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components, because the lattice-matched interface is free of any foreign medium, which can transfer the mechanical coupling more efficiently than that in epoxy-bonded or polycrystalline bilayers. Charge- or exchange-bias-mediated magnetoelectric coupling that relies on uncompensated interfacial charges or spins can also be engineered at the nanoscale. In most of the studies on epitaxial multiferroic heterostructures, BiFeO 3 (BFO), PZT, PMNPT, and PZNPT have been used as the ferroelectric layer, while the magnetic materials of choice include La-manganite ((La,Sr)MnO 3 ), Ni/Co-ferrite (i.e., NiFe 2 O 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 ), etc. In this chapter, we will give a brief review on the recent advances in the growth and characterization of these multiferroic heterostructures, and we will discuss future challenges and opportunities as well.
B Lymphocyte Depletion by CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice despite Isotype-Specific Differences in FcγR Effector Functions

NOD mice deficient for B lymphocytes from birth fail to develop autoimmune or type 1 diabetes. To assess whether B cell depletion influences type 1 diabetes in mice with an intact immune system, NOD female mice representing early and late preclinical stages of disease were treated with mouse anti-mouse CD20 mAbs. Short-term CD20 mAb treatment in 5-wk-old NOD female mice reduced B cell numbers by approximately 95%, decreased subsequent insulitis, and prevented diabetes in >60% of littermates. In addition, CD20 mAb treatment of 15-wk-old NOD female mice significantly delayed, but did not prevent, diabetes onset. Protection from diabetes did not result from altered T cell numbers or subset distributions, or regulatory/suppressor T cell generation. Rather, impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation in the lymph nodes of B cell-depleted NOD mice may delay diabetes onset. B cell depletion was achieved despite reduced sensitivity of NOD mice to CD20 mAbs compared with C57BL/6 mice. Decreased B cell depletion resulted from deficient FcgammaRI binding of IgG2a/c CD20 mAbs and 60% reduced spleen monocyte numbers, which in combination reduced Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. With high-dose CD20 mAb treatment (250 microg) in NOD mice, FcgammaRIII and FcgammaRIV compensated for inadequate FcgammaRI function and mediated B cell depletion. Thereby, NOD mice provide a model for human FcgammaR polymorphisms that reduce therapeutic mAb efficacy in vivo. Moreover, this study defines a new, clinically relevant approach whereby B cell depletion early in the course of disease development may prevent diabetes or delay progression of disease.
Is There A Place for Race As a Legal Concept

What does "race" mean? The word "race" is omnipresent in American social, political, and legal discourse. The concept of "race" is central to contemporary debate about affirmative action, racial profiling, hate crimes, health inequities, and many other issues. Nevertheless, the best research in genetics, medicine, and the social sciences reveals that the concept of "race" is elusive and has no reliable definition.This article argues that "race" is an unnecessary and potentially pernicious concept. As evidenced by the history of slavery, segregation, the Holocaust, and other human tragedies, the idea of "race" can perpetuate prejudices and misconceptions and serve as justification for systematic persecution. "Race" suggests that human beings can be divided into subspecies, some of which are morally and intellectually inferior to others. The law has important symbolic and expressive value and is often efficacious as a force that shapes public ideology. Consequently, it must undermine the notion that "race" is a legitimate mechanism by which to categorize human beings. Furthermore, the focus on rigid "racial" classifications obfuscates political discussion concerning affirmative action, scientific research, and social inequities. When we speak of "racial" diversity, discrimination, or inequality, it is unclear whether we are referring to color, socio-economic status, continent of origin, or some other factor. Because the term "race" subsumes so many different ideas in people's minds, it is not a useful platform for social discourse.The article proposes that "race" be replaced in future statutory and jurisprudential texts by other, more precise terminology, including "color," "continent of origin," "national origin," and "descent from ancestors of a particular color, national origin, or religion." Thus, legislators would engage in more careful statutory drafting and determine their legislative goals more precisely. In addition, the law would teach that, at most, the attributes we have called "race" refer only to superficial characteristics such as skin color or birthplace of one's ancestors, a lesson that could make a valuable contribution to social progress.
‘A Glance from God’: Zadie Smith's On Beauty and Zora Neale Hurston1

Zadie Smith's most recent novel, On Beauty (2005), declares its connection to E. M. Forster's Howards End (1910) with its first line, while the novel's title comes from Elaine Scarry's On Beauty and Being Just (1999). At least as important for understanding Smith's central vision are the novel's allusions to Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) and Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938).
Dual targeting property of the N-terminal signal sequence of P4501A1. Targeting of heterologous proteins to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.

Recent studies from our laboratory showed that the β-naphthoflavone-inducible cytochrome P4501A1 is targeted to both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. In the present study, we have further investigated the ability of the N-terminal signal sequence (residues 1–44) of P4501A1 to target heterologous proteins, dihydrofolate reductase, and the mature portion of the rat P450c27 to the two subcellular compartments. In vitro transport and in vivo expression experiments show that N-terminally fused 1–44 signal sequence of P4501A1 targets heterologous proteins to both the ER and mitochondria, whereas the 33–44 sequence strictly functions as a mitochondrial targeting signal. Site-specific mutations show that positively charged residues at the 34th and 39th positions are critical for mitochondrial targeting. Cholesterol 27-hydroxylase activity of the ER-associated 1–44/1A1-CYP27 fusion protein can be reconstituted with cytochrome P450 reductase, but the mitochondrial associated fusion protein is functional with adrenodoxin + adrenodoxin reductase. Consistent with these differences, the fusion protein in the two organelle compartments exhibited distinctly different membrane topology. The results on the chimeric nature of the N-terminal signal of P4501A1 coupled with interaction with different electron transport proteins suggest a co-evolutionary nature of some of the xenobiotic inducible microsomal and mitochondrial P450s.