cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of GM(1,1) Gray Model and ARIMA Model in Forecasting the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Objective To compare the effects of GM(1,1) model and ARIMA model in forecasting the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with reual syndrome(HFRS). Methods GM(1,1) model and ARIMA model were established with the HFRS incidence of Liaoning province,Dandong and Shenyang from 1990 to 2001 and the two models were fit together. The forecast was made to the HFRS incidence in the three areas in 2002,and the effects of fitting and forecasting were compared. Results The MER of GM(1,1) model and ARIMA model for Liaoning province was 13.5143% and 25.0814%,and the R2 of the two models 0.8961 and 0.6997 respectively. The MER of GM(1,1) model and ARIMA model for Dandong was 19.7329% and 20.6275%,and the R2 of the two models 0.8112 and 0.7628 respectively. The MER of GM(1,1) model and ARIMA model for Shenyang was 15.1421% and 18.0584%,and the R2 of the two models 0.8757 and 0.7889 respectively. Conclusion GM(1,1) model is superior in small samples on forecasting,and its effect is better than that of ARIMA model,so it is of practical value in dealing with time series data such as the incidence of HFRS .
Gram-Negative Bacillemia

SUMMARY Members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group now appear to be the most common cause of gram-negative bacillemia, followed in order of frequency by E. coli, Bacteroides, polymicrobic infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and miscellaneous pathogens. However, E coli continues to be the organism most frequently responsible for bacteremia arising from the urinary tract. Although the urinary tract remains the most common portal of entry for gram-negative bacillemia, a wide variety of extraurinary lesions have assumed increased importance in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is marked variability in the clinical course and outcome of gram-negative bacillemia. Grade of underlying disease and grade of illness caused by infection are major determinants of fatal outcome. When the patient with gram-negative bacillemia has severe illness due to infection, prompt and decisive action is necessary to prevent death. Antimicrobial drugs are administered on the basis of a presumptive etiologic diagnosis after appropriate smears and cultures are obtained, but before the causal organism is definitively identified or its in vitro susceptibility is determined. The presumptive etiologic diagnosis is based upon knowledge of the anatomic location of the infection, the circumstances involved in its development, and certain clinical clues. Knowledge of the antimicrobial drugs most likely to be effective against the suspected pathogen(s) will provide a rational basis for selection of antimicrobial agents until the results of definitive microbiologic studies are available. Using this approach, the mortality of gram-negative bacillemia arising from the urinary tract has been reduced markedly from the mortality reported in earlier years.
The Expansion of Kant’s Republicanism with Active Citizenship

Regarding domestic justice, Kant establishes republicanism as the requirement of governments. Defined as the division of legislative, administrative, and juridical branches, Kant’s republicanism aims to guarantee citizens’ independence, freedom, and equality and prevent despotism. Friedrich Schlegel criticizes Kant’s view by arguing that the mere legal division of the three powers is not sufficient to guarantee citizens’ independence, freedom, and equality or prevent despotism, and therefore he challenges Kant’s republicanism as an appropriate means for preventing injustice. Schlegel’s criticism, in my view, rightly points out the gap between the legal division of the three branches and ideal republicanism. To respond to Schlegel’s doubts, I present two arguments that elaborate on Kant’s republicanism, which could include active citizenship in addition to the legal division of the three branches. The first one argues that Kant’s republicanism, as merely the legal division of the three branches, would bring internal contradiction to the conception of republicanism. The second positively argues that the gap between the legal division of the three branches and ideal republicanism does not originate from the “gulf” between a particular will and the general will as described by Schlegel but from the vague overlap between a particular will and the general will. This argument also calls for the expansion of Kant’s republicanism with active citizenship.
Removal of Silver from Photographic Solutions

Abstract Silver removal efficiencies from photographic spent fix solutions were determined. Three processes including: metallic displacement, electrolysis, and a combined electrolytic-metallic displacement were studied. Analytical methods employed are detailed. The residual silver concentrations obtained by combined electrolytic-metallic displacement system were significantly below Phase I levels of the Sanitation Districts and are within the maximum concentration limits as set forth by the USEPA.
A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

As the sheer number of transgenic mice strains grow and rodent models of pediatric disease increase, there is an expanding need for a comprehensive, standardized battery of neonatal mouse motor tests. These tests can validate injury or disease models, determine treatment efficacy and/or assess motor behaviors in new transgenic strains. This paper presents a series of neonatal motor tests to evaluate general motor function, including ambulation, hindlimb foot angle, surface righting, negative geotaxis, front- and hindlimb suspension, grasping reflex, four limb grip strength and cliff aversion. Mice between the ages of post-natal day 2 to 14 can be used. In addition, these tests can be used for a wide range of neurological and neuromuscular pathologies, including cerebral palsy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuromuscular disorders. These tests can also be used to determine the effects of pharmacological agents, as well as other types of therapeutic interventions. In this paper, motor deficits were evaluated in a novel neonatal mouse model of cerebral palsy that combines hypoxia, ischemia and inflammation. Forty-eight hours after injury, five tests out of the nine showed significant motor deficits: ambulation, hindlimb angle, hindlimb suspension, four limb grip strength, and grasping reflex. These tests revealed weakness in the hindlimbs, as well as fine motor skills such as grasping, which are similar to the motor deficits seen in human cerebral palsy patients.
Intracortical electrophysiological correlates of blood flow after severe SAH: A multimodality monitoring study.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke. Approximately one in four patients develop progressive neurological deterioration and silent infarction referred to as delayed cerebra...
Tranexamic Acid Use in Prehospital Uncontrolled Hemorrhage.

The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of trauma patients was relatively unexplored until the landmark Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage-2 (CRASH-2) trial in 2010 demonstrated a reduction in mortality with the use of TXA. Although this trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study incorporating >20,000 patients, numerous limitations and weaknesses have been described. As a result, additional studies have followed, delineating the potential risks and benefits of TXA administration. A systematic review of the literature to date reveals a mortality benefit of early (ideally 110). Combined with abundant literature showing a reduction in bleeding in elective surgery, the most significant benefit may be administration of TXA before the patient goes into shock. Those trials that failed to show a mortality benefit of TXA in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock acknowledged that most patients received blood products before TXA administration, thus confounding the results. Although the use of prehospital TXA in the severely injured trauma patient will become more clear with the trauma studies currently underway, the current literature supports the use of prehospital TXA in this high-risk population. We recommend considering a 1 g TXA bolus en route to definitive care in high-risk patients and withholding subsequent doses until hyperfibrinolysis is confirmed by thromboelastography.
Surface mobility on ocean worlds

Understanding the geology and determining the origins for Ocean World bodies like Europa and Enceladus are science goals defined in the Decadal Survey of 2013. Long range mobility at an appropriately selected site on the surface and with the requisite science instruments will address these goals. The challenges for mobility are rugged terrain, unknown and potentially soft regolith, extremely low temperature, and on Europa, possible corrosive materials and exposure to radiation. We have designed and prototyped a concept vehicle that can handle a wide range of topography and terra-mechanics conditions that we believe is needed for successful roving on ocean world bodies. The concept has been analyzed, optimized, simulated, and designed. The results from operating and testing the prototype are reported in this paper.
Quantifying Loss-Averse Tax Manipulation

This article presents evidence that loss aversion affects taxpayers as they file their annual tax returns, and presents a framework for estimating the policy impact of this psychological phenomenon. In my theoretical framework, taxpayers manipulate the money paid to the tax authority through avoidance and evasion activities. When taxpayers face the prospect of owing the tax authority money on tax day, loss aversion generates the perception of a greater marginal utility of tax reduction and therefore motivates greater pursuit of tax reduction activities. Applying a bunching-based identification strategy to U.S. tax return data, I estimate that taxpayers facing a payment on tax day reduce their tax liability by $34 more than taxpayers owed a refund.
Risk-based constraint relaxation with high penetration of wind resources

This paper is motivated by infeasibilities in look-ahead economic dispatch with significant wind integration; such infeasibilities result from transmission line constraints that cannot be satisfied within a security constrained economic dispatch. Thus, constraint relaxation is necessary to achieve the dispatch decisions and market solution. The acceptable relaxation margin is determined by assessing the time duration of the thermal overloads in terms of an adaptive transmission rate (ATR). ATR is calculated using the dynamic heat balance equation associated with thermal overloading probability. Furthermore, high wind energy penetration increases variability in circuit flows. We utilize conditional value at risk to evaluate the effects of overloads on system security. We propose a systematic methodology of riskbased constraint relaxation (RBCR) to eliminate the infeasibilities of thermal limits in the stochastic look-ahead SCED problem. Finally, the methodology of RBCR has been verified using an IEEE 6 bus testing system.
Using platform motion for improved spatial filtering in distributed antenna arrays

We present a method of combining platform motion and directional matched filtering in post-processing to improve spatial selectivity in distributed arrays of mobile nodes. Coupling platform motion with frequency modulation enables the definition of a spatial bandwidth parameter that, when applied to distributed, mobile antenna arrays with wide platform separations, can be used to appropriately design the radiation pattern to mitigate sidelobe energy or spatially filter signals at desired angles. We show that this process also enables the use of directional matched filtering, where the complex array pattern can be used to define a matched filter in arbitrary directions, to improve the spatial selectivity of the array. Examples are given for a four-element array.
Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology

Common effects of aging on the brain include reduced brain volume and weight caused by neuronal atrophy and reduced synaptic density and increase in cerebrospinal fluid volume. The thalamus and hypothalamus are particularly vulnerable to effects of aging. Neuron number is relatively preserved in healthy aging. Patterns of atrophy and neuropathological changes differentiate normal from various types of pathologic aging. The anterior hippocampus shows marked atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared with healthy aging.
Quinolones in collagen shields to treat aminoglycoside-resistant pseudomonal keratitis

Rabbit corneas were infected with a tobramycin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration, 31.25 micrograms/ml) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (10(3) colony-forming units) and were treated 22 hours later with collagen corneal shields hydrated in either 25 mg/ml ciprofloxacin, 40 mg/ml norfloxacin, 40 mg/ml tobramycin, or deionized water. Shields were removed at 26 hours postinfection, and 1 hour later, corneas were harvested for bacterial enumeration. Application of shields hydrated in ciprofloxacin reduced the number of viable bacteria per cornea approximately 4 log units compared with the application of shields containing tobramycin or deionized water (P less than 0.0001). Use of shields hydrated in norfloxacin reduced the number of P. aeruginosa organisms by greater than 2 log units compared with shields containing tobramycin or deionized water (P less than 0.0001). Ciprofloxacin was significantly more effective than norfloxacin in reducing the number of bacteria per cornea (P less than 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the number of bacteria recovered from corneas treated with tobramycin or deionized water (P less than 0.56).
Introduction to Noise Pollution

Noise is playing an ever increasing role in our lives and seems a regret-table, but ultimately avoidable corollary of current technology. The trend toward the use of more labor-saving devices, sports and pleasure craft, high-wattage stereo and quadriphony, larger construction machinery, and the increasing numbers of ground vehicles and aircraft, has created a gradual acceptance of noise as a natural by-product of progress. Indeed, prior to 1972 the only major federal activity in the field of noise control legislation was a 1968 amendment to the Federal Aviation Act, whereby the FAA was directed to regulate civil aircraft noise during landings and takeoffs, and including sonic booms.
The earth's mantle and core

The Earth's core and mantle play important roles in the evolution of the crust and provide the thermal and mechanical driving forces for plate tectonics. Heat liberated by the core is transferred into the mantle where most of it (> 90 per cent) is convected through the mantle to the base of the lithosphere. The remaining heat is transferred upwards by mantle plumes generated in the core-mantle boundary layer. The mantle is also the graveyard for descending lithospheric slabs, and the fate of these slabs in the mantle is the subject of ongoing discussion and controversy. Another exciting mantle topic is that of the origin and growth of the lithosphere, and whether its role in plate tectonics has changed with time. The Archean lithosphere, for instance, is considerably thicker than post-Archean lithosphere, and geochemical data from xenoliths indicates its different origin. Another topic discussed in the chapter is the origin of isotopic differences in basalts that reflect different compositions and ages of mantle sources. It explores the questions as to how the core was formed and whether the core processes affect the mantle processes.
Cultural competence for critical care nursing practice.

With the increasing minority population, there is a growing disparity in healthcare and health outcomes. Consequently, many of these patients enter the healthcare system at a later stage in their disease process, requiring more intensive measures. When culturally diverse patients enter the healthcare system, they become part of a culture that has values that are incongruent to many of their own. As critical care nurses, we are challenged to develop an awareness and acceptance of cultural differences and understand how it influences the nurse-patient relationship. Without this understanding, there is a potential for cultural dissonance.
Automorphisms of the Modular Function Field

If N, M are positive integers, and N|M, then we have a canonical homomorphism $$G{L_2}\left( {Z/MZ} \right)\,\, \to \,\,G{L_2}\left( {Z/NZ} \right),$$ and we can take the projective limit.
Highly Efficient Compensation-Based Parallelism for Wavefront Loops on GPUs

Wavefront loops are widely used in many scientific applications, e.g., partial differential equation (PDE) solvers and sequence alignment tools. However, due to the data dependencies in wavefront loops, it is challenging to fully utilize the abundant compute units of GPUs and to reuse data through their memory hierarchy. Existing solutions can only optimize for these factors to a limited extent. For example, tiling-based methods optimize memory access but may result in load imbalance; while compensation-based methods, which change the original order of computation to expose more parallelism and then compensate for it, suffer from both global synchronization overhead and limited generality. In this paper, we first prove under which circumstances that breaking data dependencies and properly changing the sequence of computation operators in our compensation-based method does not affect the correctness of results. Based on this analysis, we design a highly efficient compensation-based parallelism on GPUs. Our method provides weighted scan-based GPU kernels to optimize the computation and combines with the tiling method to optimize memory access and synchronization. The performance results on the NVIDIA K80 and P100 GPU platforms demonstrate that our method can achieve significant improvements for four types of real-world application kernels over the state-of-the-art research.
The Impacts of Performance Pay on Teacher Effectiveness and Retention Does Teacher Gender Matter

Teacher performance pay is increasingly common in the United States., We assess the “incentive effects” of performance pay—the change in behavior, of teachers present before and after a reform—with a focus on whether male, and female teachers respond differently. Evaluating three performance pay, programs in North Carolina, we find clear evidence of a gender difference:, while male teachers’ value-added remains flat before and after the, introduction of performance pay, the value-added of female teachers declines., We also document suggestive evidence of a gender difference in retention,, with men more likely to remain in schools with performance pay.
Der Faktor Mensch im Risikomanagement : Herausforderungen für das Topmanagement im öffentlichen Sektor

Public administrations face the challenge of implementing risk management in the public sector and identifying their role in the development of a risk culture. Many organisations underestimate the significance of culture in risk management. Culture shapes perceptions, awareness and actions of employees towards the management of uncertainties. Interviews with managers and academics showed that cultural factors such as leadership, values, personnel policies and organizational learning strongly influence risk management.
Comparison of geophone and surface-deployed distributed acoustic sensing seismic data

ABSTRACTThe rapid and nonintrusive deployment of seismic sensors for near-surface geophysical surveys is of interest to make data acquisition efficient and to operate in a wide variety of environme...
Selenoprotein M Promotes Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling and Thioredoxin Antioxidant Activity.

Abstract Aims: Selenoproteins are an essential class of proteins involved in redox signaling and energy metabolism. However, the functions of many selenoproteins are not clearly established. Seleno...
Channel Length Sizing for Power Minimization in Leakage-Dominated Digital Circuits

This paper presents an analytical power and timing model for leakage-dominated digital circuits. Using the model, we show that channel length upsizing can minimize total power consumption under timing and voltage constraints, and we present an analytical approach for finding the optimum channel length for power minimization of any digital circuit. We verify our model using a subthreshold 32-bit adder in a 65nm process, achieving a total power reduction of 47% at the optimum channel length, relative to minimum length sizing.
Transverse localization of transmission eigenchannels in the diffusive regime

We discover transverse localization of transmission eigenchannels in wide diffusive slabs and study the scaling of eigenchannel widths. Such localization enhances energy densities inside turbid media, which are important for light-matter interactions and imaging applications. © 2019 The Author(s)
The transition structure of chromatin fibers at the nanoscale probed by cryogenic electron tomography

The naked DNA inside the nucleus interacts with proteins and RNAs forming a higher order chromatin structure to spatially and temporally control transcription in eukaryotic cells. The 30 nm chromatin fiber is one of the most important determinants of the regulation of eukaryotic transcription. However, the transition of chromatin from the 30 nm inactive higher order structure to the actively transcribed lower order nucleosomal arrays is unclear, which limits our understanding of eukaryotic transcription. Using a method to extract near-native eukaryotic chromatin, we revealed the chromatin structure at the transitional state from the 30 nm chromatin to multiple nucleosomal arrays by cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET). Reproducible electron microscopy images revealed that the transitional structure is a branching structure that the 30 nm chromatin hierarchically branches into lower order nucleosomal arrays, indicating chromatin compaction at different levels to control its accessibility during the interphase. We further observed that some of the chromatin fibers on the branching structure have a helix ribbon structure, while the others randomly twist together. Our finding of the chromatin helix ribbon structure on the extracted native chromatin revealed by cryo-ET indicates a complex higher order chromatin organization beyond the beads-on-a-string structure. The hierarchical branching and helix ribbon structure may provide mechanistic insights into how chromatin organization plays a central role in transcriptional regulation and other DNA-related biological processes during diseases such as cancer.
Metal Ammonia Solutions: Solutions Containing Argentide Ions

Electrochemical reduction of elemental silver and Ag+ in liquid ammonia produces solutions Ag-. The electrochemical data are supported by spectroscopic results.
Automated Location Tracking in Clinical Environments: A Review of Systems and Impact on Workflow Analysis

The ability to track and detect the activities and process that constitute clinical workflow for performance analysis and error detection has been enhanced with the inclusion of modern technological interventions in clinical environments. One such important intervention is automated location tracking which is a system that detects the movement of clinically relevant entities (physicians, nurses, patients, and equipment). In this chapter, we elucidate the technologies associated with automated location tracking focusing on the two most widely used: Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Bluetooth. We describe specific systems of each type to give readers a general model of the technological requirements for similar setups in clinical environments. Our goal in writing this chapter is the provide readers with an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies and analytic methods. This can hopefully serve as a guide for similar setups in other medical organizations and clinical sites.
Smart Plug and Circuit Breaker Technologies for Residential Buildings in the US

A significant proportion of the total energy in conventional homes across the United States is used by electric plug loads, which include various electronic devices and home appliances, excluding the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units and electric water heaters. Considerable energy savings are expected to be possible by managing these plug loads effectively based on user behavior data. Smart plugs and circuit breakers that can control and monitor energy usage on a real-time basis are becoming increasingly popular alongside the rapid development of smart home energy management. This paper reviews the recent advances on the subject matter with emphasis on the feasibility of energy monitoring and the flexibility of system integration. A relatively low cost laboratory implementation, using a general-purpose single-board computer, which was was designed, built, and tested in order to provide enhanced power quality monitoring capabilities and to support research in this fast growing area, is described together with experimental sample results.
Goal-oriented error estimation for the automatic variationally stable FE method for convection-dominated diffusion problems

Abstract We present goal-oriented a posteriori error estimates for the automatic variationally stable finite element (AVS-FE) method (Calo et al., 2020) for scalar-valued convection–diffusion problems. The AVS-FE method is a Petrov–Galerkin method in which the test space is broken, whereas the trial space consists of classical FE basis functions, e.g., C 0 or Raviart–Thomas functions. We employ the concept of optimal test functions of the discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) method by Demkowicz and Gopalakrishnan (Demkowicz and Gopalakrishnan, 2010; Carstensen et al., 2014; Demkowicz and Gopalakrishnan, 2011a; Demkowicz and Gopalakrishnan, 2011b; Demkowicz and Gopalakrishnan, 2012), leading to unconditionally stable FE approximations. Remarkably, by using C 0 or Raviart–Thomas trial spaces, the optimal discontinuous test functions can be computed in a completely decoupled element-by-element fashion. To establish the error estimators we present two approaches: (i) following the classical approach of Becker and Rannacher (Becker and Rannacher, 2001), i.e., the dual solution is sought in the (broken) test space, and (ii) introducing an alternative approach in which we seek C 0 , or Raviart–Thomas, AVS-FE approximations of the dual solution by using the underlying strong form of the dual boundary value problem (BVP). Various numerical verifications for 2D convection-dominated diffusion BVPs show that the estimates of the approximation error by the new alternative method are highly accurate, while the classical approach leads to error estimates of poor quality. Lastly, we present an algorithm for h -adaptive processes based on control of the numerical approximation error via the new alternative approach. Numerical verifications show that the estimator maintains high accuracy as the error converges to zero.
The Development Dimension: What to Do about Differential Treatment in Trade

Rethinking developing country status at the World Trade Organization (WTO) is essential for the modernization and survival of the institution. The Trump administration has recognized this challenge and is seeking changes to the flexibilities provided to developing countries. Referred to as “special and differential treatment” (SDT), there are 183 provisions in the WTO agreements that give developing countries special rights. These include longer time periods to implement obligations, preferential tariff schemes, and technical support from developed countries. SDT was envisioned as a means to help the poorest WTO Members meet their obligations to the fullest extent possible. But, today, when rapidly growing markets with significant global reach lay claim to these special rights, does it serve this purpose? The Trump administration thinks it does not. A recent reform proposal from the United States claims that SDT reflects an outdated dichotomy between developed and developing countries, and that the ability of countries to “self-declare” their developing country status amplifies this problem. Without a clear definition of what special rights SDT provides, the United States’ proposal argues, it is difficult to ascertain objectively who should receive those benefits, and for how long. A number of other developed countries have come out in support of reform, and their discussions highlight the need to establish a path forward. For their part, most developing countries continue to defend the current approach to SDT. This paper argues that the basic flaw in the WTO’s current approach to SDT is that it is founded on seeking exemptions from WTO obligations instead of the means to enable developing countries to meet these obligations and thus integrate them fully into the multilateral trading system. The United States is correct in pointing out the inherent unfairness in the application of SDT, which does not differentiate between levels of development among developing countries. As a result, the poorest countries are made worse off, while those that are economically better off receive a “free ride” from the rest of the multilateral trading system. By adopting a new evidence-based, case-by-case approach to SDT, the concerns of the poorest countries can be better addressed, while at the same time ensuring that advanced developing countries carry their weight in the organization.
Individuals higher in psychological entitlement respond to bad luck with anger

Abstract Three studies examined the relationship between psychological entitlement and anger in the context of bad luck. Anger is often described as an emotion that arises when a person experiences a negative outcome for which someone else was responsible. Simple bad luck, without an intentional agent clearly responsible for one's misfortune, should therefore not usually engender anger. However, we predicted that individuals higher in psychological entitlement, with their high expectations for personal outcomes and tendency to moralize them, would be more likely to experience anger after bad luck as compared to individuals lower in psychological entitlement. We found that psychological entitlement was, indeed, positively correlated with anger after bad luck, and with perceptions of injustice (Study 1). The relationship between entitlement and anger was specific to personally-experienced bad luck; entitlement was not correlated with anger when people recalled an unfair event (Study 2), or when they imagined that bad luck happened to someone else (Study 3).
How can psychology help reduce gender-based violence and misconduct on college campuses?

Psychological research has been at the forefront of efforts to document, understand, and prevent sexual harassment, sexual coercion, sexual violence, and intimate partner abuse on college campuses. Collectively, these various forms of gender-based violence and misconduct (GBVM) are highly prevalent on college campuses and exert wide-ranging negative effects on students' mental health and academic success. A recent resolution by the American Psychological Association outlined the field's research contributions and ongoing commitment to help prevent campus sexual assault. Our article builds on this initiative by offering 10 recommendations to psychology researchers, educators, and practitioners to address critical gaps in GBVM knowledge and practice through novel applications of psychology. These recommendations include: (a) Develop interventions to reduce and prevent faculty-perpetrated GBVM; (b) encourage and support professional sanctions for credibly accused faculty perpetrators of GBVM; (c) explore alternative models of graduate student mentorship; (d) develop improved risk prediction models for GBVM perpetration; (e) enhance selective and indicated prevention focused on individual and contextual risk; (f) support improvements in institutional responses to Title IX cases; (g) study the experiences and needs of student populations traditionally underrepresented in GBVM research, including racial/ethnic minority, sexual minority, and religious minority students, international students, and returning (nontraditional) students; (h) refine and disseminate campus interventions to promote relationship skill development; (i) refine and disseminate classroom-based prevention models; and (j) train and support the next generation of antiviolence scholars, clinicians, educators, and activists. Illustrative examples of these ongoing efforts are provided throughout the article and within a summary table. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Multi-Level Thresholding Grayscale Image Segmentation Implemented with Genetic Algorithm

A multi-level thresholding method for image segmentation is presented. The image is divided into multiple regions based on the grayscale level. The procedure for finding best thresholds is implemented by a genetic algorithm with appropriate coding method. The experiment results show that the proposed method gives a good performance.
An Econometric Model of International Growth Dynamics for Long-Horizon Forecasting

We develop a Bayesian latent factor model of the joint long-run evolution of GDP per capita for 113 countries over the 118 years from 1900 to 2017. We find considerable heterogeneity in rates of co...
The Accuracy of Adults’ Long-Term Memory for Child Sexual Abuse

With increasing frequency, adults are coming forward to allege that they suffered sexual abuse in childhood. Legitimate questions are then raised in these “historic” cases about whether adults can accurately remember sexual acts experienced as children. In this chapter, we review the legal arguments, especially concerning the statute of limitations, and scientific findings relevant to victims’ abilities to remember sexually abusive and related events that occurred years ago. Although most memories fade with time and suggestibility about them can increase, empirical studies reviewed here show that accurate memories for traumatic, personally significant, and/or taboo acts can be maintained for decades. We also present evidence that victims often use adult language in accurately recalling childhood events, even if the adults failed to provide detailed information when questioned as children. Although false allegations of childhood maltreatment, possibly reflecting false memories, can occur, we contend that the available scientific evidence argues for case-specific analysis and against strict application of the statute of limitations.
The ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited state of [Re(dmpe)3]2+

The ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions of [Re(dmpe)3]2+ (dmpe = bis-1,2-(dimethylphosphino)ethane) were interrogated using UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory. The solvent dependence of the lowest energy charge transfer transition was quantified; no solvatochromism was observed. TD-DFT calculations reveal the dominant LMCT transition is highly symmetric and delocalized involving all phopshine ligand donors in the charge transfer, providing an understanding for the absence of solvatochromism of [Re(dmpe)3]2+.
Factors Affecting Energy Consumption for Traveling of Households in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

Abstract This study aimed to examine factors affecting energy consumption for traveling of households in Bangkok metropolitan area. Data were collected by surveying 1,150 households in 15 districts of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The hypotheses were tested by multi regression analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that there were two factors significantly having positive effects on the quantity of energy use for traveling which were physical and structure factors and social and cultural factors. Suggestions for reducing energy use for traveling including promoting working close to living place, improving public transportation service, restricting private vehicle use in the inner zone, and keeping on subsidizing alternative fuel. Keywords : Households’ Energy Consumption, Traveling, Factors, Bangkok
Tumorigenic transformation of murine keratinocytes by the E5 genes of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 16.

Abstract To examine the biological properties of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) and human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E5 genes, each was cloned separately into a retroviral expression vector and helper-free recombinant viruses were generated in packaging cell lines. The BPV E5 retroviruses efficiently caused morphologic and tumorigenic transformation of cultured lines of murine fibroblasts, whereas the HPV16 E5 viruses were inactive in these assays. In contrast, infection of the p117 established line of murine epidermal keratinocytes with either the BPV or the HPV16 E5 retrovirus resulted in the generation of tumorigenic cells. Pam212 murine keratinocytes were also transformed to tumorigenicity by the HPV16 E5 gene but not by the gene carrying a frameshift mutation. These results establish that the HPV16 E5 gene is a transforming gene in cells related to its normal host epithelial cells.
Approximate Solution of Compressible Fluid-Flow Problems by Galerkin's Method

The Galerkin's method has been used in the literature for the approximate solution of elasticity and vibration problems. In this paper, its application to compressible fluid-flow problems is carried out. I t is found that, for compressible flow problems, Galerkin's method has two advantages over the Rayleigh-Ritz method, which was previously worked out by one of the authors. First, it is not necessary to formulate variational integrals for various new problems; therefore, these problems can be treated without any mathematical difficulty. Second, there is no restriction on the value of the ratio of specific heats, y, to be used, a fact that is necessary in the discussion of some irrotational flow problems. The nonlinear problem of compressible flow passing a circular cylinder is carried out as a numerical example. The results are found to be in good agreement with other methods. An extension of Galerkin's method to the general case of flow passing arbitrary bodies is briefly indicated. For these irrotational flow problems, however, Galerkin's method seems to suffer the disadvantage of requiring more work in carrying it out than the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The application of the Galerkin's method to laminar boundary-layer problems is discussed, and the boundary-layer problem of a compressible flow past a flat plate is formulated. A numerical example is carried out to illustrate the method.
Turbulence, Cost Escalation and Capital Intensity Bias in Defense Contracting

The recent growth of defense expenditures has once more raised public concern about cost overruns on defense contractors. Economists have pointed out that cost overruns are not necessarily bad per se; instead, attention should be directed to the question as to whether the procurement policies of the Department of Defense (DoD) satisfy the criterion of economic efficiency (see Peck and Sherer (1962)). In connection with this, applications of the principal-agent model to defense contracting show that not only do cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) contracts create moral hazard problems, but that in fact so long as contractors are risk averse and perfect monitoring of their activities is not possible, inefficiencies will arise whatever the form of the contract employed in DoD procurement (see Ross (1973), Harris and Raviv (1979), and Weitzman (1980)). It has been suggested that improvements in efficiency might be achieved if contracts more closely resembling Arrow-Debreu contingent claims were employed (see Cummins (1977)), but this raises problems of manipulation of the probabilities of occurrence of the relevant states of the world. Looking at the problem of cost escalation from a completely different point of view, biases might be introduced into cost comparisons and into decision making with respect to risky projects simply because of the methodology by cost estimators (see Quirk and Terasawa (1983)).
An exciting but challenging road ahead for computational enzyme design.

Recent work has demonstrated that computational enzyme design can generate active catalysts.1–3 Although the progress is encouraging, the future will be brighter for this new field if its current limitations and the challenges which must be overcome are as broadly understood as its promise. This essay compares the activities of de novo designed enzymes to those of naturally occurring enzymes and highlights the considerable challenges which must be overcome for computational design to produce enzymes with levels of activity similar to those of naturally occurring enzymes.
Analyzing the Relationship between Nursing Education and Patient Outcomes

Hospital-based research links higher proportions of nurses with baccalaureate of science in nursing (BSN) degrees to lower patient mortality rates, but it does not explain the mechanism. This study explored mechanisms related to individuals and work groups that could explain the association between nurses’ education and patient outcomes. Using survey and administrative data from 45 units across nine hospitals, we analyzed hierarchical models of the relationships between a BSN education and empowerment, communication, work environment, and patient outcomes. Results revealed that, although at the individual and work group levels no significant association existed between BSN education and empowerment or communication, on units with higher proportions of BSNs, care providers reported work environments more supportive of their work and patient care.The percentage of BSNs had no significant direct effect on care quality or safety, although work environment, equally weighted for each occupational group, had a significant, positive relationship with interactions with nurses, care quality, and safety. Our findings suggest the need for a broadened regulatory focus that considers not only nurses’ education but also the contribution of the work environment and interdisciplinary teams to the coproduction of high-quality safe care.
Inclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities: An Examination of Data from Reports to Congress

One of the most controversial issues currently facing educators is the extent to which students with learning disabilities should be included in general education classrooms. Although this issue has received much interest in professional literature, few data are available regarding placement trends for these students over time. This investigation was designed to address this issue by examining data from Reports to Congress regarding placement practices for students with learning disabilities over the last 6 years. The results revealed that students with learning disabilities are being educated in increasingly less restrictive settings, although placement practices differ considerably from state to state. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Probability learning in the goldfish: I. Aversive reinforcement

Two groups of goldfish were run 200 trials in a shuttle-box; consistently shocking one side for one group, and shocking one side 80% of the time and the opposite side 20% for the second group. The 100% group chose the nonshocked side with a 100% frequency at asymptote. The 80% group chose the least frequently shocked chamber with a frequency significantly lower than the 100% group, but significantly greater than 80%. Difficulties for several theories of probability learning are discussed.
Cardiovascular responses to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in the dogs.

AbstractProstacyclin (PGI2) is readily converted to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) which is both a stable and biologically less potent compound. Recently, another stable metabolite of PGI2 namely 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (6-keto-PGE1) was found to be equipotent to PGI2 in inhibiting platelet aggregation and reducing renal vascular resistance. In this study, cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic vascular responses to exogenously administered 6-keto-PGE1 were characterized and compared with responses to PGI2 Systemic arterial diastolic pressure (DP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and myocardial contractile force (MCF) were measured in intact dogs following intravenous (iv) and intraarterial (ia) administration of PGI2 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 μg/kg), 6-keto-PGE1 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 μg/kg), prostaglandin E2 (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 μg/kg), and 6-keto-PGF1α (1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0 μg/kg). 6-Keto-PGE1 was found to be equipotent to PGI2 in reducing DP following either iv or ia administration. 6-Keto-PGE1 mimics the response to PG...
Clinician and Revolutionary: Frantz Fanon, Biography, and the History of Colonial Medicine

Although scholars have exhibited close interest in the life and work of Frantz Fanon, few have emphasized his work as a psychiatrist. This essay surveys recent books and films that have placed Fanon's clinical experience at the center of his life's work. It concludes that historians of colonial medicine have much to gain from these works and their reexaminations of a controversial figure.
Effect of hypotonicity on cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation and action in vasopressin target cells.

Effect of hypotonicity on cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation and action in vasopressin target cells. We have shown previously that overhydration of toads renders their urinary bladders less responsive to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin (AVP). The present study investigates the relationship between osmotic swelling of vasopressin target cells and their sensitivity to AVP and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP). Conditions which engender osmotic swelling of toad bladder epithelial cells, such as immersing bladders on both surfaces in hypotonic Ringer's fluid or subjecting them to a net mucosal-to-serosal volume flux, markedly inhibited the effectiveness of db-cAMP in raising bladder permeability to water. This inhibitory phenomenon was seen both with serosal and mucosal applications of the nucleotide. Examination of isolated epithelial cells by phase contrast microscopy showed them to behave as osmometers, doubling their volume as the effective osmolality of the incubation medium was halved. AVP was found to increase the total content of cAMP about 3.5-fold both in the swollen and the normal cells, so that the actual concentration of cAMP may have diminished as the cell volume increased. Consistent with this suggestion was the observation that increasing exogenous db-cAMP abolished, in part, the inhibitory effects of hypotonicity. These observations indicate that homeostasis of body fluids in the toad depends in part upon the osmotic regulation of antidiuretic hormone action, and that intracellular cAMP may participate in coupling changes in cell volume to the altered state of responsiveness of the vasopressin target cell.
Weed management in direct-seeded lowland rice under iron toxic sites in Nigeria.

Summary Field trials carried out during the wet season of 1987 at Edozhigi in the Southern Guinea Savanna and in 1988 at Bende in the Forest Zones of Nigeria indicate that the performance of rice varieties under iron toxic soils could be improved by delayed flooding due to the application of selective soil persistent herbicides. Yield increments of 33.3% and 76.9% were recorded at Edozhigi when the mixture of oxadiazon plus propanil at 0.5 + 2.4 kg a.i./ha was applied compared with bentazon alone at 3.0 kg a.i./ha under IR26 and Farox 306–3–6 (susceptible). Similarly at Bende, yield increments of 76.1% and 84.6% were obtained when the mixture of piperophos plus dimethametryn at 1.6 + 0.4 kg a.i./ha was applied compared with pre-emergence butachlor alone at 4.0 kg a.i./ha also under IR26 and Farox 306–3–6. Breeding resistance to iron toxicity will be desirable because of poor peristence of herbicides in warm flooded soils.