cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recoverable manufacturing systems: a framework for analysis

Recoverable product environments are becoming an increasingly attractive way of providing environmentally friendly products. These type of systems avoid the problem of pollution by extending a product's useful life and by recycling materials at the end of a product's life. The management and control of recoverable manufacturing systems are more difficult than in traditional manufacturing systems. Recoverable manufacturing systems include both repair and remanufacturing operations, which differ in key control aspects. In addition, the amount of variability, with respect to materials and scheduling, in both repair and remanufacturing operations is inherently higher than in traditional manufacturing. Here, the authors provide a framework which allows for the analysis of a recoverable manufacturing system and identifies the key areas for research in order to provide effective management and control of such systems.
Using a relational system on Wall Street: the good, the bad, the ugly, and the ideal

Developers of a Wall Street financial application were able to exploit a relational DBMS to advantage for some data management tasks (the good). For others, the relational system was not helpful (the bad), or could be pressed into service only by means of major or minor contortions (the ugly). The authors identify database constructs that would have simplified developing the application (the ideal).
End-to-end WAN service availability

This paper seeks to understand how network failures affect the availability of service delivery across wide-area networks (WANs) and to evaluate classes of techniques for improving end-to-end service availability. Using several large-scale connectivity traces, we develop a model of network unavailability that includes key parameters such as failure location and failure duration. We then use trace-based simulation to evaluate several classes of techniques for coping with network unavailability. We find that caching alone is seldom effective at insulating services from failures but that the combination of mobile extension code and prefetching can improve average unavailability by as much as an order of magnitude for classes of service whose semantics support disconnected operation. We find that routing-based techniques may provide significant improvements but that the improvements of many individual techniques are limited because they do not address all significant categories of network failures. By combining the techniques we examine, some systems may be able to reduce average unavailability by as much as one or two orders of magnitude.
The Association Between Combination of Hand Force and Forearm Posture and Incidence of Lateral Epicondylitis in a Working Population

Objective:The objective of this prospective study is to investigate the exposure–response relationships between various workplace physical exposures of force, repetition, and their combination assessed at an individual level with lateral epicondylitis (LE).Background:Workplace upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) are prevalent, disabling, and expensive. LE is one of the major UEMSDs in active workers.Method:We used detailed health history, symptoms, and physical examination for identifying incidence and detailed exposure assessment to capture work tasks of each worker and to measure quantitative mechanical workload. We used counting process style input of proportional hazards regression for modeling cumulative incidence that accounts for changed exposure estimates during the follow-up period when respondents change jobs.Results:The incidence rate of LE on the dominant side was 4.91 per 100 person-years. Adjusted for age and gender, the combined effect of forearm pronation ≥45° for ≥40% of ti...
A high-speed capacitive humidity sensor with on-chip thermal reset

This paper reports a high-speed capacitive humidity sensor integrated on a polysilicon heater. A response time of 1.0 s and a sensitivity of 30.0 fF/%RH have been obtained. High speed is achieved using multiple polyimide columns having diameters of a few microns and allowing moisture to diffuse into them circumferentially. Using structures that eliminate the air-gap capacitance between the columns, the simulated sensor output drifts by only 1% when the relative dielectric constant in the air region changes from 1 to 10. A polysilicon heater is used to measure relative humidity levels >80% RH. An accuracy of /spl plusmn/3% RH has been obtained using this method, with measurement errors of /spl plusmn/0.5/spl deg/C and /spl plusmn/2% RH in temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The heater also reduces the recovery time after wetting, enables the sensor to recover from contamination and aging, and allows the sensing film to be reset on demand during self-test protocols.
A mesochronous pipelining scheme for high-performance digital systems

A novel mesochronous pipelining scheme is described in this paper. In this scheme, data and clock travel together. At any given time a pipeline stage could be operating on more than one data wave. The clock period in the proposed pipeline scheme is determined by the pipeline stage with largest difference between its minimum and maximum delays. This is a significant performance gain compared to conventional pipeline scheme where clock period is determined by the stage with the largest delay. A detailed analysis of the clock period constraints is provided to show the performance gains and Speedup of mesochronous pipelining over other pipelining schemes. Also, the number of pipeline stages and pipeline registers is small. The clock distribution scheme is simple in the mesochronous pipeline architecture. An 8 /spl times/ 8-bit carry-save adder multiplier has been implemented in mesochronous pipeline architecture using modest TSMC 180-nm (drawn length 200 nm) CMOS technology. The multiplier architecture and simulation results are described in detail in this paper. The pipelined multiplier is able to operate on a clock period of 350 ps (2.86 GHz). This is a Speedup of 1.7 times over conventional pipeline scheme, with fewer pipeline stages and pipeline registers.
Peinillas and Popular Participation: Machete fighting in Haiti, Cuba and Colombia

PALABRAS CLAVES: Esgrima, afro-descendientes, machete. ABSTRACT: This article explores the history of fencing with machetes among people of African descent in Haiti, Cuba, and Colombia. The machete, a sacred icon of individual success and warfare in Africa, became for enslaved Africans a tool used in exploiting their labor. Yet they retained a mastery over this weapon through the widespread art of stick
Robust error correction in infofuses

An infofuse is a combustible fuse in which information is encoded through the patterning of metallic salts, with transmission in the optical range simply associated with burning. The constraints, advantages and unique error statistics of physical chemistry require us to rethink coding and decoding schemes for these systems. We take advantage of the non-binary nature of our signal with a single bit representing one of N = 7 states to produce a code that, using a single or pair of intensity thresholds, allows the recovery of the intended signal with an arbitrarily high recovery probability, given reasonable assumptions about the distribution of errors in the system. An analysis of our experiments with infofuses shows that the code presented is consistent with these schemes, and encouraging for the field of chemical communication and infochemistry given the vast permutations and combinations of allowable nonbinary signals.
A europium fluoroimmunoassay for measuring peptide binding to MHC class I molecules

A fluoroimmunoassay employing europium-streptavidin and time-resolved fluorimetry was used to measure binding of biotin-labeled peptides to H-2Dk molecules. A fluorescein-labeled octameric peptide from the middle T (MT) protein of mouse polyoma virus was identified that specifically binds to purified Dk using a previously-established assay based on size exclusion chromatography. A europium immunoassay was adapted to measure binding of a biotin-derivative of this peptide to purified Dk. The assay was found to be sensitive and highly specific. Binding was optimal at pH 5.0 and 24-27 degrees C, and it was not enhanced in the presence of additional beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). Excellent results were also obtained in experiments with fixed cells that express Dk. This assay is expected to be useful for high volume, routine analysis of peptide binding to MHC class I molecules.
Glucose kinetics in gluconeogenesis-inhibited rats during rest and exercise

To evaluate the role played by gluconeogenesis in blood glucose homeostasis, female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with mercaptopicolinic acid (MPA), a gluconeogenic inhibitor. Glucose kinetics were assessed by primed, continuous infusion of [U-14C]- and [6(-3)H]glucose via an indwelling jugular catheter at rest and during submaximal exercise at 13.4 m/min on level grade. Blood samples were taken from carotid catheters and analyzed for glucose and lactate concentrations and specific activities. Tissue glycogen samples were obtained from rats after exercise as well as from unexercised animals. When compared with the sham-injected animals, MPA-treated animals had 22% lower (5.92 +/- 0.36 vs. 7.62 +/- 0.21 mM) and 44% higher (1.90 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.09 mM) resting arterial glucose and lactate concentrations, respectively. Resting glucose appearance (Ra) rates were 20% lower in the MPA-treated animals (57.2 +/- 7.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1) than in the sham-injected animals (71.1 +/- 12.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1). During exercise, Ra increased to 174.7 +/- 32.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1 in sham-injected animals. In the MPA-treated animals, there was a 35% increase during the first 15 min of exercise, followed by a decrease to the resting values. MPA-treated animals had no measurable glucose recycling at rest or during exercise. Exercise decreased blood glucose concentration (35%) and increased blood lactate concentration (160%) in the MPA-treated animals. Exercising sham-injected animals had increased blood glucose (9.8%) but no change in blood lactate concentration. Moderate depletions in liver and skeletal muscle glycogen contents were observed after exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
South Asian Stories: Firsthand Client Perspectives on Barriers to Accessing Speech-Language Pathology Services

This article details the experience of two South Asian individuals with family members who had communication disorders. I provide information on intrinsic and extrinsic barriers reported by these c...
Sequence Divergence Impedes Crossover More Than Noncrossover Events During Mitotic Gap Repair in Yeast

Homologous recombination between dispersed repeated sequences is important in shaping eukaryotic genome structure, and such ectopic interactions are affected by repeat size and sequence identity. A transformation-based, gap-repair assay was used to examine the effect of 2% sequence divergence on the efficiency of mitotic double-strand break repair templated by chromosomal sequences in yeast. Because the repaired plasmid could either remain autonomous or integrate into the genome, the effect of sequence divergence on the crossover–noncrossover (CO–NCO) outcome was also examined. Finally, proteins important for regulating the CO–NCO outcome and for enforcing identity requirements during recombination were examined by transforming appropriate mutant strains. Results demonstrate that the basic CO–NCO outcome is regulated by the Rad1-Rad10 endonuclease and the Sgs1 and Srs2 helicases, that sequence divergence impedes CO to a much greater extent than NCO events, that an intact mismatch repair system is required for the discriminating identical and nonidentical repair templates, and that the Sgs1 and Srs2 helicases play additional, antirecombination roles when the interacting sequences are not identical.
Bipolar Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Shared Mechanisms and New Treatment Avenues

Depression and cognitive impairment are pervasive and highly disabling aspects of bipolar disorder. Although cognitive impairment is partially independent from mood episodes, depressive symptoms may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder through inflammatory processes as well as health risks such as obesity and sedentary behavior. Novel treatment avenues at the intersection of bipolar depression and cognitive impairment target inflammation directly or indirectly health behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and sleep hygiene.
Russian Financial Market in 2008-2009: Trends, Crisis Mitigation Measures, Institutional Issues

This paper deals with the Russian financial markets and financial institutions. The author focuses on post crisis recovery, Russian equity market. The issue of capital outflow and operating risks of the stock market were analyzed by the author.
Killing two birds with one stone: transcriptional regulators coordinate development and stress responses in plants.

Plants, being immobile, must adjust development in response to various stresses, external and internal. Although much has been learned about the mechanisms that regulate development and sugar signaling and response, how the two processes are coordinated is poorly understood. GRAS-family transcriptional regulators SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are crucial to radial patterning and stem-cell renewal in the Arabidopsis root. We found that they directly control genes involved not only in development but also in stress responses and that SCR is pivotal in modulating sugar homeostasis and response. Our data suggest that SHR and SCR promote root growth by suppressing the deleterious effects of stress and that ABI4 has a dual role in sugar response and root growth. Other transcriptional regulators have also been reported to play dual roles in plant growth and stress responses. I therefore propose that regulation of both development and stress responses by single transcriptional regulators is a general and e...
Quality — It’s expensive — Can we afford it?

Le 6 septembre 1987, la 6eme table ronde de gestion s'est tenue a Toronto pour debattre de la qualite dans les outils de communication relatifs a l'enseignement. Cet article rend compte de differents points de vue; successivement celui des bibliotheques et des courtiers en information, des editeurs et des imprimeurs, et des fabricants
Seasonal Distribution and Parasitism of Eggs of Tabanidae in Alabama

Tabanid egg masses deposited around ponds in the Auburn area of Alabama were enumerated and marked for future identification or were collected and held in the laboratory for emergence of tabanid larvae and parasites. Egg masses of Tabanidae were found from May 5 through mid-September 1966. The oviposition peak occurred June 2, 1966, when 358 masses were counted. A rapid reduction in numbers followed, and throughout July, August, and September only scattered egg masses were found. Egg masses that were collected and allowed to hatch in the laboratory were found to have a seasonal average of 14% parasitism. Percentage parasitism per egg mass ranged from 0 to 53%. The seasonal average number of eggs per mass was 189.6 for Chrysops sp. and 529.4 for Tabanus sp. The seasonal average hatch was 54.1%. Almost 32% of the eggs produced neither larvae nor parasites. Telenomus tabanivorus (Ashmead) was the only parasite collected from egg masses of Tabanus species such as T. atratus F. An undescribed species or Telenomus near tabanivorus was collected from egg masses of Chrysops sp.
Tumor Cell Invasion—Not All Barriers Are Created Equal

The importance of invasion in the complex process of metastasis, although now well established, has been studied with increasing molecular detail due to the development of robust in vitro experimental assays. In this issue of Cancer Research, we highlight a paper published by George Poste and colleagues that compared and contrasted several different invasion assays. The authors concluded that various barriers impose different selective pressures and that simply enriching for invasive ability did not necessarily translate into greater metastasis efficiency. Although perhaps obvious now, these findings were surprising when they were published. Certainly, the data highlight the importance of tumor cell-microenvironment interactions and the necessity to interpret experiments taking the context into consideration. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1675-6. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Poste et al., Cancer Res 1980;40:1636-44.
Fidelity and Its Importance to Experiential and Outdoor Education

Fidelity is an important factor in the assessment and delivery of programs. However, few researchers have examined predictors of fidelity. In this study, we examined the relationship of fidelity to facilitator characteristics in a leadership program oriented toward the development of new university students. The study consisted of 25 program facilitators and 78 first-year university students. Self-report data were collected from facilitators 1 week prior to program implementation and immediately following program completion. Study results indicate that facilitator fidelity beliefs and buy-in are positively correlated with fidelity, but negatively correlated with facilitator experience and training levels. These results complement and build on prior investigation into facilitator characteristics and their contribution to fidelity.
Global Worker Migration: Crisis and Opportunity in the Nursing Profession

In an attempt to alleviate the shortage of nurses practicing within the United States (US), hospitals and other health care organizations have begun to recruit nurses from outside America’s borders...
Machine-learning-assisted materials discovery using failed experiments

Failed chemical reactions are rarely reported, even though they could still provide information about the bounds on the reaction conditions needed for product formation; here data from such reactions are used to train a machine-learning algorithm, which is subsequently able to predict reaction outcomes with greater accuracy than human intuition.
Evaluation and treatment of cerebral ischemia. Carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-intracranial bypass.

The evaluation of patients with cerebral ischemia is discussed in this article. The role of carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-intracranial bypass procedures in such patients is summarized.
Use of a resiliency framework to examine pregnancy and birth outcomes among adolescents: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION Adolescent childbearing has been viewed as a social, political, and public health priority since the 1970s. Research has primarily focused on the negative consequences of teen pregnancy; less research has explored factors associated with healthy pregnancy and birth experiences in this population. METHOD Using open-ended and qualitative techniques, researchers performed individual interviews with 15 adolescent mothers (15 to 19 years of age) recruited from a Women's and Children's Clinic in Southern Louisiana, who had experienced a healthy pregnancy and bore a full-term, normal birth weight infant. We used a resiliency framework to identify factors that may have supported positive health outcomes despite risks associated with low-income and/or marginalized minority status. RESULTS A total of 15 mothers of multiple racial/ethnic identities were included in the analysis. Mothers discussed potential protective factors that we classified as either assets (internal factors) or resources (external factors). Mothers demonstrated strong assets including self-efficacy and self-acceptance and important resources including familial support and partner support during pregnancy which may have contributed to their resiliency. DISCUSSION Ensuring access to social and structural supports as well as supporting adolescent-friendly health and social policies may be key to promoting healthy maternal and infant outcomes among young women who become pregnant. (PsycINFO Database Record
Die Langfristige Stabilität von Verfestigten Abfällen, Ermittelt Anhand von Physikalischen und Morphologischen Parametern

Drei Bodenmaterialien, die mit Ol, Schmiermitteln, PCB’s und Metallen kontaminiert waren, wurden chargenweise durch Mischen mit Portland-Zement und handelsrechtlich geschutzten Additiven stabilisiert. Die Bewertung des Verfahrens erfolgte durch Messung physikalischer Eigenschaften und die Untersuchung der Eigenschften entweder mit blosem Auge oder mit unterschiedlicher Vergroserung. Intakte zylindrische Proben wurden mit Hilfe von Rontgenaufnahmen, von Messungen der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit und von petrographischen Methoden untersucht; auserdem wurden sie Festig-keits- und Permeabilitatstests unterzogen. Die behandelten Abfalle zeigten ausreichende Festigkeit und Bestandigkeit gegenuber Verwitterungseinflussen, sowie eine sehr geringe Permeabilitat. Die Komponenten des Abfalls wurden gleichformig uber die verfestigte Masse verteilt. Die Stabilitat groser Massen von verfestigten Abfallen wurde durch Untersuchungen an Blocken gepruft, die in allen Richtungen etwa einen Meter masen.
Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Crosslinking as a Structural Tool for Structural Determination of Human α1 Glycine Receptor

The sensitivity, mass accuracy and robustness of mass spectrometry (MS) make it a valuable structural tool and when coupled with crosslinking, MS can complement structural determinations to refine and validate homology models. We have developed optimized and applied MS methods to identify crosslinked peptides in human α1 glycine receptor (GlyR). GlyRs are pentameric ligand-gated inhibitory receptors (pLGICs) that mediate neurotransmission in CNS. In these studies, A41C and H419C mutations are introduced in GlyR in a Cys null background and pure protein is obtained by baculovirus overexpression in insect cells. These sites were shown to be accessible in our previous studies. A41 is located nearby the pre-M1 and the M2-M3 loop flexible loop region that has been shown to be critical in gating and H419 is located in C-terminal tail of the receptor that is often truncated in structural studies conducted on other pLGICs (very little direct structural information being known in this region). Methane-thio-sulfonate (MTS)-benzophenone is used as a crosslinker to react with the cysteine in the sample and subsequent photo activation forms non-specific crosslinks that interrogate the local conformation around the original Cys site of attachment. Intra- and inter- subunit crosslinks are separated on a gel, trypsinized and subjected to multidimensional MS. Mass shifted peptides are further targeted for MS/MS and analysis of daughter ions identifies the specific sites of crosslinking. The large numbers of distance constraints identified were used to validate and refine our model of the resting state of human GlyR. These studies highlight the versatility of this general structural tool in providing complementary information regarding membrane protein structure that may help to refine and validate models, especially those regions that are highly flexible or absent in current structural models.
Brentanos Erzählung Die mehreren Wehmüller und ungarischen Nationalgesichter: Ein Deutungsversuch

(1983). Brentanos Erzahlung Die mehreren Wehmuller und ungarischen Nationalgesichter: Ein Deutungsversuch. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 12-20.
A 0.2 nJ/bit QPSK transmitter with tuning for process variation for biomedical telemetry in the MedRadio band of 401–457 MHz

A Medical Device Radio Communications Service (MedRadio) band 401–457 MHz compliant low power multichannel transmitter is presented in this paper. The transmitter utilizes all the bandwidths as per regulations, and is intended for. The transmitter consists of a multichannel Phase Locked Loop(PLL) with rail to rail quadrature output, a passive mixer and a power amplifier (PA). The power consumption of the transmitter is 460 μW at 1.2 V, and consumes only 0.2 nJ of energy for every bit transmitted in medical micropower networks (MMNs). The overall global efficiency of the transmitter is 13.9 %. The proposed transmitter not only covers MMNs but also the medical implantable device communication service (MICS) band of 402–405 MHz. The transmitter meets all the federal communications commission (FCC) requirements for the MedRadio band. The transmitter design was implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process.
A Membrane Thickness Sensor in TREK-1 Channels Transduces Mechanical Force

The transduction of force to a biological signal is critical to all living organisms and cells. Mechanosensitive ion channels participate, but the biophysical mechanism that transduces force remains unclear. Here we show that the sensing of membrane thinning through a helix tilt in TREK-1 channels transduces force. Reconstituted TREK-1 in PC lipids with a hydrophobic thickness of ~29 A (18:1 PC) robustly activated the channel; however, decreasing the thickness to ~26 A (16:1 PC) or increasing to ~36 A (22:1 PC) inhibited the channel. Increasing bilayer thickness by adding cholesterol (10-40%), or thinning the membrane with stretch, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or heat shifted the thickness dependence. The thickness sensitivity was located near a lipid-binding motif on a known gating helix at the end of the fourth transmembrane domain. We propose a stretch-activation model for TREK-1 where tension causes membrane thinning and TREK-1 senses membrane thinning to transduce the signal.
Trueque Chilote: Traditional Barter Networks Connect Nature and Society in Northern Patagonia

An almost mythic traditional barter system, known locally as trueque Chilote, between the islands of Chiloe and the surrounding fjordland communities of Patagonia, has been in place for centuries. Island and mainland communities exchange endemic varieties of heirloom potatoes for wooden posts made from local trees found in the dense coastal temperate rainforests of Patagonia. This chapter, based on ethnographic field research in the region conducted over 10 years, offers an account of the spatial, material, and social manifestations of this Chilote barter system. Drawing from interviews and participant observation data, I describe how the exchange provides vital resources to isolated communities where national currency is scarce or nonexistent, and explore its influence on the culture and landscape that is Chiloe.
Epidemiological perspective of breastfeeding and acute respiratory illnesses in infants.

Pneumonia is now the leading cause of infant deaths in many parts of the world. There is an urgent need to develop strategies to reduce serious morbidity and mortality resulting from acute respiratory infections. Protection afforded by breastfeeding against diarrheal diseases and death in infants in developing countries is accepted1,2. Protection against acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) is less convincing. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship of breastfeeding to LRI have had varying results. The purpose of this report is to explore the bases for the varying conclusions of these studies, and to develop hypotheses for enhancing the protective effects.
Perceived partner responsiveness predicts smoking cessation in single-smoker couples.

Abstract Introduction Romantic partners are crucial to successful smoking cessation, but the mechanisms by which partners influence cessation is unclear. Research in this area has focused heavily on partner smoking status and support for quitting, but partner influence may not be limited to these two constructs. The current study examines the perceived responsiveness of the partner (i.e., the perception that the partner understands, approves of, and supports the self) as a predictor of smoking cessation in unassisted quitters, independent of smoking-specific support for quitting and more general relationship satisfaction. Methods Data were taken from a sample of smokers (N = 62) in relationships with never/former smokers (i.e., members of single-smoker couples) who completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment study during an unassisted quit attempt. Measures of perceived responsiveness, support for quitting, and relationship satisfaction obtained at baseline were used to predict smoking outcomes over the course of the study. Results Consistent with our predictions, perceived responsiveness emerged as a significant predictor of smoking cessation over and above the effects of support for quitting and relationship satisfaction. Support for quitting only predicted self-reported relapse. Unexpectedly, once perceived responsiveness was considered, greater relationship satisfaction was associated with poorer smoking outcomes. Conclusions The current research suggests that perceived responsiveness is a more effective resource for smoking cessation than support specifically for quitting. These findings extend previous research by demonstrating that perceived responsiveness represents a distinct construct from smoking-specific support or relationship satisfaction, and that it is important for smokers during a quit attempt.
Neuroendocrine Disorders in Women

Neuroendocrine pathology related to disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary cause a wide range of neurologic and psychiatric dysfunction. Neuroendocrine disorders can have similar implications in men and women; however, women have additional considerations given that dysfunction can lead to abnormal menses and infertility as well as certain disorders are more prevalent in women. This chapter will address the gender based concerns regarding: pituitary adenomas, Cushing’s syndrome, hypopituitarism, pituitary apoplexy and lymphocytic hypophysitis.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck-Type Reactions.

The Heck reaction is one of the most reliable and useful strategies for the construction of C–C bonds in organic synthesis. However, in contrast to the well-established aryl Heck reaction, the analogous reaction employing alkyl electrophiles is much less developed. Significant progress in this area was recently achieved by merging radical-mediated and transition-metal-catalyzed approaches. This review summarizes the advances in alkyl Heck-type reactions from its discovery early in the 1970s up until the end of 2018. 1 Introduction 2 Pd-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions 2.1 Benzylic Electrophiles 2.2 α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides 2.3 Fluoroalkyl Halides 2.4 α-Functionalized Alkyl Halides 2.5 Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles 3 Ni-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions 3.1 Benzylic Electrophiles 3.2 α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides 3.3 Unactivated Alkyl Halides 4 Co-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions 5 Cu-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions 6 Other Metals in Heck-Type Reactions 7 Conclusion
Software Engineering Department Heads Workshop

This workshop aims at providing a forum for Software Engineering (SE) program leads and chairs to present and discuss issues related to software engineering program delivery. These issues normatively include curriculum issues, program collaboration issues, faculty issues and SE discipline tracking issues. The workshop goals are to help those running, proposing or considering accredited SE programs more effectively formulate and achieve their program objectives. The first half of the workshop will focus on SE Competency Models and their application, while the latter half of the workshop will focus on SE curriculum, collaboration, faculty, and discipline tracking issues.
An engine-dynamometer study of the A/F compatibility between a three-way catalyst and an exhaust gas oxygen sensor

An engine-dynamometer study was performed to quantify the air-fuel ratio (A/F) offset between the window of a three-way catalyst (TWC) and the closed-loop control point of an exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensor. In this study, the effects of rpm, torque, EGR, and A/F modulation were explored along with the age of the TWC and EGO sensor. In general, it was determined that the closed-loop EGO sensor control point shifts lean as a function of increasing feedgas NOx concentration, thus causing the engine A/F to move away from the high NOx conversion efficiency regime of the TWC.
Transformative childhood studies – a remix in inquiry, justice, and love

The meaning of justice is never pre-given. In this manuscript, I suggest that childhood studies scholars look critically at what justice means and what it would entail for differently positioned ch...
Interchangeable Insulins - New Pathways for Safe, Effective, Affordable Diabetes Therapy.

Interchangeable Insulins Draft FDA guidance would reduce barriers to marketing high-quality generic insulin in the United States by declaring that the evidence necessary for proving an insulin prod...
Effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation in the newborn meconium aspiration syndrome

Objective To evaluate the effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)in the newborn meconium aspiration syndrome. Methods Twenty -one newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome performed the HFOV after failure of conventional mechanical ventilation(CMV). The O2 saturation,the ratio of a/A PaO2, arterial blood gas and oxygenation index were monitored in the course of HFOV. Results The FiO2 reduced significantly after 2 hours HFOV, the ratio of a/A PaO2 increased significantly(P <0. 05) ,and the change was high significantly after 6 hours HFOV(P <0. 01). There was no the adverse effect of pulmonary barotraumas and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusions HFOV is an effective method for neonatal infants with severe MAS after failure of CMV. Key words: High frequency oscillatory ventilation ; Newborn ; Meconium aspiration syndrome ;
Clinical research on Cyclophosphamide drug metabolism in children with lupus nephritis

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic status of Cyclophosphamide (CYC) in children with lupus nephritis (LN), as well as the relationship between the pharmacokinetic results and clinical indicators, adverse reactions, curative effect evaluation. Methods Thirty patients hospitalized at Tianjin Children′s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were treated with glucocorticoid (GC) combined with CYC.Blood samples were collected in 6 point-in-time after intravenous CYC, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to detect the blood drug concentration, and the pharmacokinetic results were calculated. All patients were followed up for 24 weeks, and the levels of serum albumin (ALB), 24 hours urinary protein, serum creatinine (Scr), complement 3 (C3), therapeutic effect and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index scores were evaluated at the same time. Results Pharmacokinetic curve showed the second chamber model, the area under the curve (AUC) of time-effect relationship was (143.55±42.43) g/(L·h), peak concentration (Cmax) was (20.02±3.55) g/L, and half-time period (T1/2) was(4.21±0.96) h. Age and gender had no influence on AUC, Cmax and T1/2,and statistically significant correlation was found between serum ALB and T1/2,which was positively correlated (r=0.517, P<0.05). After 16 weeks of treatment, 7 patients were partially responsive, 22 cases had a complete remission, and the invalid case was only one. Followed up for 24 weeks, 6 patients were partially responsive, 24 cases had a complete remission.After 16 weeks of treatment, there were statistical differences in AUC among patients with complete response, partial response or no remission.And after 24 weeks, the patients between complete remission and partial remission had no statistically significant difference in the AUC.After 16 weeks and 24 weeks, T1/2 and Cmax had no statistical diffe-rences among those groups of patients.Adverse reactions included leukopenia (3 cases, 10.00%), gastrointestinal symptoms (4 cases, 13.33%) and respiratory tract infection (6 cases, 20.00%). There was no statistical relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and the occurrence of adverse reactions.Single factor analysis showed that there was a statistical significance between ALB, urine protein quantity and treatment effect, but multi-factor analysis showed that the relation between factors and therapeutic effect had no statistical significance. Conclusions HPLC method can be used for the detection of cyclophosphamide blood drug concentration. The cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic status of children and adult is similar.ALB and T1/2 show a linear positive correlation.Single factor analysis shows a correlation between ALB and treatment effect. Therefore, the increasing level of plasma propagated before treatment can improve therapeutic effect possibly.Cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic status has nothing to do with the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the study. Key words: Lupus nephritis; Cyclophosphamide; Pharmacokinetics; Treatment; Child
Variations of porosity in intermediate-sized lunar impact basins

Abstract The Moon is cratered with hundreds of well-preserved impact basins, and shared bombardment history with Earth makes lunar basins a good proxy for the processes affecting early Earth. Basin-forming impact events alter the bulk density and porosity of the targeted crust, and measurement of these quantities offers a means by which we can investigate the mechanisms of basin formation. In this work, we calculate the bulk density of the crust in the vicinity of 50 basins with diameters of 170–360 km—a size range that has been neglected by previous studies—with the goal of understanding the deformational mechanisms present during impact events. Our bulk density estimates are derived from gravity data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission and topography data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) using a new technique similar to the Nettleton method in terrestrial gravimetry. By making assumptions about crustal compositions across the Moon, we can furthermore estimate porosity in and around the basins. Low porosity is observed in the interior of 76% of the basins studied, and this trend becomes more apparent when basins in the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane are observed alone. Overall, impact events appear to decrease porosity inside basins and increase porosity outside basins, suggesting the prevalence of impact melting within the basins and fracturing and ejecta deposition in the exteriors. Our results are seemingly inconsistent with previous studies that measured high porosity values inside basins from residual Bouguer anomalies. However, these disparate results may be reconciled if impact melting processes are confined to the uppermost kilometers of the lunar crust and are underlain by heavy impact-induced fracturing.
Recovering the Lost General Welfare Clause

The General Welfare Clause of Article I, section 8, Clause 1 enumerates a power "to provide for the common defense and general welfare." A literal interpretation of this clause ("the general welfare interpretation") would authorize Congress to legislate for any national purpose, and therefore to address all national problems"including the COVID-19 pandemic"in ways that would be precluded under the prevailing understanding of limited enumerated powers. But conventional doctrine rejects the general welfare interpretation and construes the General Welfare Clause to confer the so-called "Spending Power," a power only to spend, but not to regulate, for national purposes. This article argues that both the text and the drafting history of the General Welfare Clause support reading it as a power to regulate on all national problems, such as environmental degradation, violence against women, or the COVID-19 pandemic. It is only our superficial ideological commitment to enumerationism "the doctrine of limited enumerated powers" that causes us to depart from the most evident textual interpretation of the General Welfare Clause. Recovering the lost General Welfare Clause is particularly important at this moment in constitutional history, when a conservative and supposedly originalist Supreme Court is poised to greatly constrict federal power to respond to pressing national problems in service of a tendentious and badly one-sided account of founding-era views on federalism.
Effects of Groundwater Table Decline on Vegetation Transpiration in an Arid Mining Area: A Case Study of the Yushen Mining Area, Shaanxi Province, China

We studied the effects of coal mining on the shallow groundwater regime and vegetation in the Yushen mining area (YMA) in northwestern China using a Hydrus-1D numerical model, which was calibrated and validated with field observations, and then used to simulate the effects of groundwater table (GWT) changes on transpiration rates. The actual transpiration (Ta) was influenced by both GWT depth (GWTD) and precipitation. The ratios of Ta and potential transpiration (Tp) vs. GWTD were fitted to a mono-exponential decay of GWTD with correlation coefficients as high as 0.98. Two threshold values, d(Ta/Tp)/d(H) ≤ − 2% and Ta/Tp = 0.30, were then used to calculate the unaffected and critical depths. The average unaffected and critical water depths were 3.60 and 2.20 m, respectively, which coincided fairly well with the field investigation. The sensitivity analysis showed that although reducing hydraulic conductivity (Ks) caused the Ta/Tp to decline, decreasing the inverse of the air-entry pressure (α) caused the Ta/Tp to increase, so variations in Ks and α had only a minor effect. Considering that the pre-mining GWTD is between 0 and 4.0 m for about half of the YMA, the vegetation there might be degraded or lost by a GWT decline due to mining. Also, the influence of a GWT decline on transpiration was more obvious during a drought in the YMA. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to avoid a decrease in the GWT. For example, mine water should be reinjected and the mining height reduced to protect the YMA’s shallow groundwater.
A web-based system for creating, viewing, and editing precursor mass spectrometry ground truth data

Mass spectrometry (MS) uses mass-to-charge ratios of measured particles to decode the identities and quantities of molecules in a sample. Interpretation of raw MS depends upon data processing algorithms that render it human-interpretable. Quantitative MS workflows are complex experimental chains and it is crucial to know the performance and bias of each data processing method as they impact accuracy, coverage, and statistical significance of the result. Creation of the ground truth necessary for quantitatively evaluating MS1-aware algorithms is difficult and tedious task, and better software for creating such datasets would facilitate more extensive evaluation and improvement of MS data processing algorithms. We present JS-MS 2.0, a software suite that provides a dependency-free, browser-based, one click, cross-platform solution for creating MS1 ground truth. The software retains the first version’s capacity for loading, viewing, and navigating MS1 data in 2- and 3-D, and adds tools for capturing, editing, saving, and viewing isotopic envelope and extracted isotopic chromatogram features. The software can also be used to view and explore the results of feature finding algorithms. JS-MS 2.0 enables faster creation and inspection of MS1 ground truth data. It is publicly available with an MIT license at github.com/optimusmoose/jsms.
Mapping the Intellectual Property/Social Justice Frontier

This chapter explores the interplay of intellectual property and social justice. Part I constructs a philosophical framework for thinking about the many cross-currents between intellectual property and social justice. Part II distinguishes between the internal, largely utilitarian analysis of particular modes of intellectual property protection and the external interplay of intellectual property systems and broader social justice concerns. Part III examines the macro interplay of intellectual property and inequality, gender and racial inclusion, and global justice challenges, highlighting complexities, tensions, and paradoxes. The chapter considers how intellectual property law and policy can be seen not just as an engine of economic progress, but also as an engine of human and cultural flourishing, dignitary values, access, inclusion, and empowerment.
Young Children Are Good Problem Solvers

cation, both elementary and secondary, and in basic research dealing with young children's learning of addition and subtraction concepts. Tom Carpenter is a professor in the Department of Curriculum at the University of Wisconsin Madison. He teaches courses for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics education and currently is involved in a research project investigating children's learning of basic addition and subtraction concepts. child three times. In these interviews
Organic Ferrimagnetic Material Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene for Non-reciprocal Microwave Applications

Vanadium tetracyanoethylene ( $V$ (TCNE)2) is a new organic ferrimagnetic material known for its ultra low Gilbert damping. Magnetic resonators based on this material demonstrate high quality factors exceeding 7,000 at ambient conditions, rivaling those of inorganic magnetic materials such as Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). $V$ (TCNE)2 is of particular interest for non-reciprocal device applications thanks to its micro-patterning capabilities. Here we provide a review of the magnetic and microwave properties of $V$ (TCNE)2 and discuss its potential applications in microwave circulators. Using a generic multimode coupling model, we describe $V$ (TCNE)2-based superconducting circulator and assess its optimal performance in terms of isolation, insertion loss and circulation bandwidth. High isolation (> 59 dB), extremely low insertion loss ( 2 structures, the devices can operate in both weak and strong coupling regimes, realizing various circulation bandwidths from sub-megahertz to hundreds of megahertz. Especially, the narrow-band circulation could serve as a filter function and benefit noise-sensitive quantum microwave measurements.
Anticoagulant therapy management of venous thromboembolism recurrence occurring during anticoagulant therapy: a descriptive study.

Limited evidence exists regarding management of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) that occurs during anticoagulant therapy. We aimed to describe patient characteristics, drug therapy management, and outcomes of patients with VTE recurrence during anticoagulant therapy. We identified 30 relevant episodes of VTE recurrence. Mean age was 48.9 (15.9) years, 56.7% were male, and 93.3% were White. Common VTE risk factors included cancer (46.6%), recent surgery (33.3%), and prolonged immobility (30.0%). At the time of recurrent VTE, 40.0% were receiving enoxaparin, 30.0% warfarin, and 23.3% direct oral anticoagulants. Potential causes for VTE recurrence included indwelling venous catheters (40.0%), cancer (33.3%), subtherapeutic anticoagulation (26.7%), and nonadherence (23.3%). Recurrent VTE management strategies included switching anticoagulants (26.7%), increasing anticoagulant dose (20.0%), temporarily adding enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin to oral anticoagulation therapy (13.3%), or no change in anticoagulation therapy (43.3%). Only four adverse 90-day outcomes occurred among 17 patients who received anticoagulant therapy changes in response to VTE recurrence, whereas eight adverse outcomes occurred in the 13 patients who received no change in anticoagulation therapy in response to a recurrent VTE episode (P value 0.04). Regardless of the potential etiology of recurrent VTE during anticoagulant therapy; switching anticoagulants, temporarily adding injectable anticoagulants, or increasing anticoagulant intensity appears preferable to continuing current anticoagulant therapy unchanged.