cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
50 ARGINASE EXPRESSION IN THE MOUSE HEART POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Background Following acute myocardial infarction (MI), there are a number of changes in gene expression that take place in all areas of the heart. It has recently been shown that mRNA levels for arginase (specifically the type I isozyme) are significantly elevated following acute MI in a murine model. The expression of this enzyme could have a significant impact on arginine and polyamine metabolism in the post-MI myocardium and vasculature since it would compete with enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase for access to its substrate, arginine. The goal of this project was to confirm that the protein itself was also overexpressed in the post-MI heart, as well as to define that expression temporally and spatially in the ischemic mouse heart. Study Design and Methods Using primary antibodies directed against arginase I, we evaluated the expression of this enzyme in naive liver, brain, kidney, and heart tissue, as well as tissue from experimentally infarcted (LAD ligature) mice at 4, 24, and 48 hours post-MI. Expression was analyzed via Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Western blot data indicated that in naive mouse tissue, arginase expression is highest in the liver, with fairly high levels also noted in the kidney. Naive heart showed very low levels of constitutive arginase expression, whereas brain tissue showed no detectable expression. Experiments on infarcted tissue showed very little induction of protein expression at 4 hours post-MI but notable elevations at 24 hours and even higher levels at 48 hours. These data were further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy, which indicated very little evident antibody binding in naive heart and increasing levels of fluorescent activity from 4 to 48 hours post-MI. The 48-hour time point clearly showed the highest levels of arginase I. The fluorescence was consistently localized to that area of the left ventricle (LV) corresponding to the infarct area, with minimal expression noted in the right ventricular (RV) free wall and other remote areas. Additionally, the fluorescence was most intense at the epicardial surface of the heart, although the specific cell type expressing the enzyme could not be definitively defined. Possibilities include subepicardial cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts in the epicardial connective tissue, epithelial cells forming the visceral pericardium (epicardium), or peripheral infiltrating neutrophils. Conclusion These results show that arginase I is preferentially expressed in the epicardial infarct region of the post-MI mouse heart. These results may hold promise for further elucidating the changes in arginine and nitric oxide biochemistry that occur following ischemic insult to the heart.
HIV-1genotype and its transmitted drug resistance among pregnant women in Yunnan Province

Objective To study HIV-1 genotypes and transmitted drug resistance( TDR) among antiretroviral treatment( ART)-nave HIV-infected pregnant women in Yunnan. Methods 66 plasma samples of untreated HIV-infected pregnant women were collected in Dehong,Honghe,Lincang and Dali Prefectures in Yunnan from 2010 to 2012. HIV-1genotypes and the prevalent level of HIV-1 drug resistance transmission were analyzed. Results Based on pol sequences,CRF08_BC( 46. 97%) was the predominant subtype,followed by URF( 21. 21%),CRF07_BC( 10. 61%),CRF01_AE( 10. 61%),subtype C( 9. 09%) and subtype B( 1. 52%). Among the 66 samples,two strains contained Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations( SDRM). The proportion of transmitted drug resistance was 3. 03%. One baby born to HIVpositive mother was diagnosed with HIV infection,the infection rate was 1. 52%. Conclusions CRF08_BC is the dominant subtype of circulating HIV-1 genotype in the pregnant women investigated,and HIV-1 drug resistance is still catalogued as a low prevalence level among untreated HIV-infected pregnant women in Yunnan Province. To prevent the increase of the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance,on the base of strengthening HIV prevention and control in the key population,the standard treatment and scientific management to AIDS patients should be improved,and the drug resistance surveillance should be performed periodically.
Digital transmitter - Simple, yet precise

A transmitter developed for operation at high digital transmission speeds is described. It is a complex system that produces a clean waveform with data rates as high as 1 Mb/s; and its design makes it possible to vary all possible modulation schemes by reprogramming a chip, to vary data-transmission rates with the clock frequency, and to shape pulses without distortion. The design, furthermore, can be adapted to very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) fabrication and mass production. A prototype QPSK residual carrier modulation transmitter was fabricated and tested. The purpose was to create a deep null in the data spectrum to transmit a tone or residual carrier along with the modulation.
Attenuated neural reactivity to happy faces is associated with rule breaking and social problems in anxious youth

Pediatric anxiety is associated with comorbid externalizing behaviors and social problems, and these associations may be related to altered emotion processing. The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component, is a neural marker of emotion processing, and there is evidence that anxious youth exhibits enhanced LPPs to threatening signals. It is unknown, however, if differences in the LPP are related to externalizing behaviors and social problems co-occurring with anxiety and if these associations are driven by altered processing of threatening (angry or fearful faces) or rewarding (happy faces) socio-emotional signals. Thus, in the present study, we examined, in a sample of 39 anxious youth, the association between LPPs, following socio-emotional signals and externalizing behaviors and social problems. Results indicated an association between attenuated LPPs in response to happy faces and greater rule-breaking and social problems. These findings suggest that differences in positive socio-emotional signal processing are related to heterogeneity in pediatric anxiety and that LPPs are a sensitive index of such heterogeneity.
Low Food Availability Narrows the Tolerance of the Copepod Eurytemora affinis to Salinity, but Not to Temperature

Invasive species perturb food webs, often decreasing resource availability for resident taxa. Low resource availability may interact with abiotic factors to restrict niches, particularly niche axes that influence metabolic demand. The San Francisco Estuary (SFE) provides a case study, as it has low phytoplankton concentrations, likely due to invasive bivalves. We conducted two laboratory experiments to examine how phytoplankton concentrations influence the salinity and temperature tolerance of Eurytemora affinis, an important prey taxon for threatened SFE fish. We found that decreased algal concentration narrowed the tolerance of E. affinis to salinity, but not to temperature. A third experiment revealed that when food concentration was relatively low (chlorophyll-a of 15 μg L−1) and salinity was elevated (8 vs 4), E. affinis did not compensate for osmotic stress by increasing consumption, halving its growth rate. However, when algal concentration was elevated (chlorophyll-a 55 μg L−1), E. affinis consumed three times more algae at a salinity of 8 vs 4, allowing copepods to grow equally at both salinities. Our interpretation is that while E. affinis can compensate for increased metabolic demand as temperature increases at low food concentrations, it can only compensate for elevated metabolic demand at hypo- or hyperosmotic salinities when food concentrations are high. We therefore propose the hypothesis that low food concentrations narrow the realized salinity, but not the realized thermal, niche of E. affinis.
Cooperative Game Theoretical Techniques for Energy-Aware Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Energy efficiency is at the forefront of challenges faced by the cloud providers. Lowering the power usage helps providers achieve the Energy Star rating, which is important from marketing and environmental perspectives. Developed in this paper is an energy-aware scheduling algorithm for distributed heterogeneous machines in a cloud environment. With methodological modeling, the Energy Aware Task Allocation (EATA) problem is converted into a bargaining game. A scheduling algorithm is created and strongly proved, axiom by axiom, to generate a Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS), with faster turnaround time and fewer relaxed system assumptions compared to the previous work. A complementary business revenue equation incorporating Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is utilized that rewards energy efficient users through cost savings. The contribution of the paper is the novel methods of designing gaming mechanisms for the EATA problem. In addition, these methods are evaluated using the proposed business revenue model, as is confirmed by analysis and experimental framework.
TRAINING FOR INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION: A TRANSACTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract Theorists argue that one's personal view of communication affects the actual communicative relationship. This paper explores the positive, growth‐promoting implications for communication between generations when the model that persons bring to the cross‐generational relationship is transactional, and discusses implications of the transactional model for trainers and educators in gerontology. With the rising number of older persons in American society, the question for persons working on a consistent basis with the elderly (kin, social service provider, etc.) of how to relate most effectively on an interpersonal basis with an older person is an issue of great import. The authors suggest that the transactional perspective to interpersonal communication with older persons is the answer to most effectively dealing with factors affecting communication cross‐generationally and suggest that educators adopt this perspective. Factors that the transactional perspective addresses directly include negative s...
Manufacturing polymeric micro lenses and self-organised micro lens arrays by using microfluidic dispensers

Micro lenses and micro lens arrays have been widely used in numerous areas. In recent years, direct deposition of micro lenses and micro lens arrays by using drop-on-demand dispensers has been studied. However, the traditional drop-on-demand methods have issues such as expensive facilities and appropriateness for low viscosity materials. In this paper, a novel droplet-based method for fabricating polymeric micro lenses and lens arrays is presented. This method utilises microfluidic devices as dispensers to generate micro- to meso-scale droplets, and uses interfacial forces to control the lens profiles. This new method can create lenses with aperture sizes from 130 μm to 2000 μm for both low and high viscosity materials. It is also capable of fabricating self-organised lens arrays with high fill factors. This technology can simplify the manufacturing process and lower the manufacturing costs of micro lenses and lens arrays.
Percentiles of serum uric acid and cardiometabolic abnormalities in obese Italian children and adolescents

To investigate the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with cardiometabolic abnormalities in Caucasian overweight/obese children (<10 years of age) versus adolescents (≥10 years of age) by drawing age and gender specific percentiles of uric acid. Cross-sectional evaluation of 1364 Caucasian overweight/obese patients (age 4.1–17.9 years; 726 males, 53%; 560 children, 41%). SUA levels were significantly lower in children than in adolescents (4.74 ± 1.05 vs. 5.52 ± 1.49 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and peaked in 12–14 years-old boys and 10–12 years-old girls. In children with levels of SUA in the highest quartile (N = 75, 13%), OR for high triglycerides was 4.145, 95% CI 1.506–11.407 (p = 0.009). In adolescents with SUA in the highest quartile (N = 274, 34%), ORs for insulin resistance was 2.399 (95%CI 1.4–4.113; p < 0.001); for impaired fasting glucose 2.184 (95% CI 0.877–5.441; p = 0.07); for impaired glucose tolerance 2.390 (95% CI 1.405–4.063; p = 0.001); and for high triglycerides 1.8, (95%CI 0.950–3.420; p = 0.05). Multivariable random-effect linear regression models demonstrated that waist circumference and age (p < 0.0001 for both) are the variables most significantly predicting SUA levels, followed by triglycerides (p = 0.005) and 2 h glucose (p = 0.03) while HOMA-IR and BMI z-score did not predict SUA. High uric acid is associated with metabolic abnormalities and particularly with waist circumference very early in childhood.
Early Head Start Start–up Planning: Implications for Staff Support, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover

This study examined the quality of start–up planning of two Early Head Start (EHS) agencies and its association with staff satisfaction, burnout, and turnover a year after program implementation. Respondents (N = 65) completed interviews and surveys at two time points. Data were analyzed in the context of the Head Start's EHS Organizational Readiness Chart. Both programs addressed salient aspects of organizational readiness, including establishment of a leadership team, forging of community partnerships, and hiring and training of staff. The two agencies differed on several elements including goals and timeframes, dynamics of start–up planning teams, challenges encountered, and utilization of community partnerships. Higher quality of start–up planning was associated with lower burnout, higher satisfaction, and lower staff turnover during the first year of program implementation. These results indicated that strategic start–up planning is an important predictor of EHS staff well–being and stability, especially during early stages of program implementation.
Abstract 294: The A2b Adenosine Receptor and Newly Identified Opposing Effects of cAMP on Insulin Secretion

The A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that, upon binding of adenosine, activates adenylyl cyclase and mediates downstream effects through secondary messengers, including cyclic 3’5’ AMP (cAMP) and Ca ++ . We have previously demonstrated that A2bAR knockout (KO) KO mice, post-high fat diet (HFD) develop a type 2 diabetic (T2D) phenotype, evidenced by elevated plasma insulin and glucose. Pancreatic islets from A2bAR KO mice demonstrated insulin hypersecretion post-4 weeks HFD, and high glucose challenge. To further understand the underlying mechanism, we focused on the contribution of the pancreatic A2bAR to this phenomnena. cAMP has been demonstrated to be a significant amplifier of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Through the use of A2bAR KO islets and diet-induced stress, we identified a new dual role for cAMP in mediating insulin secretion, dependent on cAMP level and duration. Short exposure to elevated cAMP indeed causes insulin hypersecretion. cAMP has, however, also a downregulating effect on the expression of GLUT2 mRNA and protein, which has the potential to inhibit insulin secretion. Thus, A2bAR short and long-term signaling in the pancreas play an important role in insulin homeostasis.
Prey availability affects territory size, but not territorial display behavior, in green anole lizards

Abstract The availability of food resources can affect the size and shape of territories, as well as the behaviors used to defend territories, in a variety of animal taxa. However, individuals within a population may respond differently to variation in food availability if the benefits of territoriality vary among those individuals. For example, benefits to territoriality may differ for animals of differing sizes, because larger individuals may require greater territory size to acquire required resources, or territorial behavior may differ between the sexes if males and females defend different resources in their territories. In this study, we tested whether arthropod abundance and biomass were associated with natural variation in territory size and defense in insectivorous green anole lizards, Anolis carolinensis . Our results showed that both male and female lizards had smaller territories in a habitat with greater prey biomass than lizards in habitats with less available prey, but the rates of aggressive behaviors used to defend territories did not differ among these habitats. Further, we did not find a relationship between body size and territory size, and the sexes did not differ in their relationships between food availability and territory size or behavioral defense. Together, these results suggest that differences in food availability influenced male and female territorial strategies similarly, and that territory size may be more strongly associated with variation in food resources than social display behavior. Thus, anole investment in the behavioral defense of a territory may not vary with territory quality.
L'arachide: L'une des principales sources d'allergènes alimentaires

Resume L'arachide est de plus en plus presente dans l'alimentation sans que le consommateur ne le sache. Elle appara^it sous des presentations variees apres avoir subi des procedes industriels divers. Elle entre dans la composition de cereales du petit dejeuner, de gâteaux, de pains, de produits de grignotage, de laits et de laitages, de glaces, de boissons, de soupes et de substituts de viande. Les buts principaux de ses emplois sont l'enrichissement en proteines et l'amelioration des proprietes rheologiques du produit final. Differents allergenes ont ete mis en evidence : le Peanut I, l'Ara h I et l'Ara h II. Il faut conseiller la prudence aux patients allergiques a l'arachide, qui doivent verifier attentivement la composition des produits de leur alimentation tant que la signalisation de la presence d'arachide ne sera pas rendue obligatoire.
New Work in Acoustic Leak Location in Underground Pipelines

During the last ten years, the nation has become increasingly aware of the potential for environmental damage from leaks in underground and aboveground storage tanks, and related pipelines. Federal and state regulations have been developed that mandate inspections, require regular testing and set out design standards of construction for underground storage systems. More specifically, existing federal regulations (40 CFR Parts 280 and 281, September 1988) require that underground tanks and pipelines containing petroleum products and other hazardous substances be tested for leaks on a regular basis and that once a leak has been detected, it be corrected. While this requirement appears to be relatively simple, it, in fact, presents substantial difficulty in implementation. The difficulties are of two types.
Self-discharge of a hybrid supercapacitor with incorporated galvanic cell components

Abstract Supercapacitors can provide a high specific power and long cycle life but suffer a significant self-discharge limiting their application as a stand-alone energy storage device. A new hybrid supercapacitor with incorporated galvanic cell components was proposed to mitigate the self-discharge problem. The hybrid supercapacitor was similar to a conventional supercapacitor with two active carbon electrodes separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane containing 1.5 M zinc sulfate. However, a zinc foil and a copper foil were used as the current collectors for the negative and the positive electrodes respectively, which can provide a micro-current to compensate the self-discharge current. The hybrid supercapacitor exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 55 F g− 1 and specific energy of 4.51 Wh kg−1 with a charge efficiency of 90%. The capacitance retention of the hybrid supercapacitor was 80% after 2000 cycles. The open circuit voltage of the charged hybrid supercapacitor was stable and declined slightly from initial 0.90 V–0.85 V in a month. The results demonstrate that via replacement of a pair of conventional metal current collectors with a galvanic couple the ubiquitous self-discharge problem can be significantly mitigated and the storage time can be prolonged to meet the requirement for stand-alone applications.
Appendix and thymus cell synergism in the direct and indirect plaque forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes in the rabbit.

Recent work in our laboratory demonstrated that lethally irradiated rabbits restored with appendix cells alone were unable to respond with either γM or γG antibodies to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) injected intravenously (i.v.) as judged by plaque formation in the spleen (1,2). When the bone marrow of these recipients was shielded prior to restoration with appendix cells or when irradiated recipients were restored with a combination of appendix and thymus cells, both responses fell in the range observed in intact immunized animals. These results, in apparent contrast to the findings from other laboratories (3,4), imply that the appendix is comprised almost entirely of B-cells which must cooperate with T-cells from another source in order to restore immunocompetence following lethal whole-body irradiation.
Consciousness and Pathology of Language

There are two basic orientations in neuropsychological research. The one holds that psychopathology is simply a malfunction of a normal mechanism, and that the pathological has meaning only to the extent to which it relates to a hypothetical normal capacity. The other approach maintains that the laws of pathological change bear an inner relationship to those of normal function, that the pathological is not a fragmentation but a lawful unraveling of normal cognitive structure. Here the pathological does not simply point to something but represents a level in normal cognition. In this view, pathological change is of aid in the understanding of the nature of cognition, and needs to be contemplated each step of the way in the construction of psychological theory.
Writing for the Screen

Writing for the Screen is a collection of essays and interviews exploring the business of screenwriting. This highly accessible guide to working in film and television includes perspectives from industry insiders on topics such as breaking in; pitching; developing and nurturing business relationships; juggling multiple projects; and more. Writing for the Screen is an ideal companion to screenwriting and filmmaking classes, demystifying the industry and the role of the screenwriter with real-world narratives and little-known truths about the business. With insight from working professionals, you’ll be armed with the information you need to pursue your career as a screenwriter. Contains essays by and interviews with screenwriting consultants, television writers, feature writers, writer-directors of independent film, producers, and professors. Offers expert opinions on how to get started, including preparing your elevator pitch, finding mentors, landing an internship, and moving from an internship to the next step in your career. Reveals details about taking meetings, what development executives are looking for in a screenwriter, how and when to approach a producer, and how to pitch. Explores strategies for doing creative work under pressure, finding your voice, choosing what to write, sticking with a project over the long haul, overcoming discrimination, and reinventing yourself as a writer. Illuminates the business of screenwriting in the United States (New York and Los Angeles) as compared to other countries around the globe, including England, Ireland, Peru, France, Australia, and Belgium.
Association Between a 20‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Based on Modifiable Lifestyles and Total and Cause‐Specific Mortality Among US Men and Women

Background The previously validated Healthy Heart Score effectively predicted the 20-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examine whether the Healthy Heart Score may extend to an association with total and cause-specific mortality. Methods and results The prospective cohort study investigated 58 319 women (mean age 50.2 years) in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010) and 29 854 in men (mean age 52.7 years) in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (1986-2010) free of cancer and CVD at baseline. The Healthy Heart Score included baseline current smoking; high body mass index; low physical activity; no or excessive alcohol intake; low intake of fruits and vegetables, cereal fiber, or nuts; and high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages or red/processed meats. There were 19 122 total deaths. Compared with participants in the first quintile of the Healthy Heart Score (lowest CVD risk), participants in the fifth quintile (highest CVD risk) had a pooled hazard ratio of 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.33) for total mortality; 2.85 (95 % CI, 1.92-4.23) for CVD mortality, and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56-2.95) for cancer mortality. Participants in the fifth versus the first quintile also had significantly greater risk of death due to coronary heart disease (3.37; 95% CI, 2.16-5.25), stroke (1.75; 95% CI, 1.02-2.99), lung cancer (6.04; 95% CI, 2.78-13.13), breast cancer (1.45; 95% CI, 1.14-1.86), and colon cancer (1.51; 95% CI, 1.18-1.93). Conclusions The Healthy Heart Score, composed of 9 self-reported, modifiable lifestyle predictors of CVD, is a potentially useful tool for the counseling of healthy lifestyles that was strongly associated with greater risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality.
In-field Remote Fingerprint Authentication using Human Body Communication and On-Hub Analytics

In this emerging data-driven world, secure and ubiquitous authentication mechanisms are necessary prior to any confidential information delivery. Biometric authentication has been widely adopted as it provides a unique and non-transferable solution for user authentication. In this article, the authors envision the need for an infield, remote and on-demand authentication system for a highly mobile and tactical environment, such as critical information delivery to soldiers in a battlefield. Fingerprint-based in-field biometric authentication combined with the conventional password-based techniques would ensure strong security of critical information delivery. The proposed in-field fingerprint authentication system involves: (i) wearable fingerprint sensor, (ii) template extraction (TE) algorithm, (iii) data encryption, (iv) on-body and long-range communications, all of which are subject to energy constraints due to the requirement of small form-factor wearable devices. This paper explores the design space and provides an optimized solution for resource allocation to enable energy-efficient in-field fingerprint- based authentication. Using Human Body Communication (HBC) for the on-body data transfer along with the analytics (TE algorithm) on the hub allows for the maximum lifetime of the energy-sparse sensor. A custom-built hardware prototype using COTS components demonstrates the feasibility of the in-field fingerprint authentication framework.
Topology optimization for effective energy propagation in rate-independent elastoplastic material systems

Abstract A topology optimization framework for effective energy management in dynamically loaded structures with rate-independent elastoplastic material behavior is presented. The elastoplastic constitutive equations are integrated using an implicit numerical scheme based on a multi-level Newton procedure. This primal analysis procedure requires the computation of the incremental algorithmic consistent tangent operator derived from the mappings that enforce the evolving constitutive relations. For our gradient based optimization, we develop discrete adjoint sensitivity expressions. Finite element implementation is discussed and the optimization framework is exemplified via the design of three-dimensional structures subjected to dynamic loads.
Effects of CPOE-based medication ordering on outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews

Background Computerised provider order entry (CPOE) systems are widely used in clinical settings for the electronic ordering of medications, laboratory tests and radiological therapies. However, evidence regarding effects of CPOE-based medication ordering on clinical and safety outcomes is mixed. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to characterise the cumulative effects of CPOE use for medication ordering in clinical settings. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify published SRs from inception to 12 February 2018. SRs investigating the effects of the use of CPOE for medication ordering were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included SRs. Results Seven SRs covering 118 primary studies were included for review. Pooled studies from the SRs in inpatient settings showed that CPOE use resulted in statistically significant decreases in medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs); however, there was considerable variation in the magnitude of their relative risk reduction (54%–92% for errors, 35%–53% for ADEs). There was no significant relative risk reduction on hospital mortality or length of stay. Bibliographic analysis showed limited overlap (24%) among studies included across all SRs. Conclusion SRs on CPOEs included predominantly non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies with varying foci. SRs predominantly focused on inpatient settings and often lacked comparison groups; SRs used inconsistent definitions of outcomes, lacked descriptions regarding the effects on patient harm and did not differentiate among the levels of available decision support. With five of the seven SRs having low to moderate quality, findings from the SRs must be interpreted with caution. We discuss potential directions for future primary studies and SRs of CPOE.
High-density surface electromyographic assessment of pelvic floor hypertonicity in IC/BPS patients: a pilot study

To assess the feasibility of objectively assessing pelvic floor hypertonicity (PFH) in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) using an intra-vaginal high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) probe. Seven female subjects (mean age 44 ± 13 years) with a prior diagnosis of IC/BPS were recruited. A full digital pelvic examination was administered to identify hypertonic muscles. Intra-vaginal HD-sEMG was acquired during rest. Root-mean-squared (RMS) amplitude during rest was calculated for each channel to define a hypertonicity index and hypertonic zone. Innervation zones (IZs) were identified from the bipolar mapping of decomposed HD-sEMG signals and summarized into an IZ distribution mapping. Of the seven subjects recruited, five had normal pelvic floor muscle tone and two exhibited hypertonicity upon muscle palpation. Subjects with PFH demonstrated a higher hypertonicity index (12.6 ± 3.5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.2) in sessions 1 and 2. The hypertonic zone defined by the 64-channel RMS mapping coincided with the digital pelvic examination findings. The corresponding IZs were localized for each motor unit. The hypertonicity indices between two consecutive sessions were well correlated (CC = 0.95). This study represents the first effort to employ intra-vaginal HD-sEMG to assess PFH in women with IC/BPS. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of HD-sEMG to provide a quantitative diagnosis of PFH and the precise localization of hypertonic muscles and IZs. The proposed HD-sEMG-based techniques provide promising tools for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PFH, such as the personalized guidance of BoNT injections.
Heart in the Box with Long Term Outcome Post-Heart Transplantation

Purpose The organ care system (OCS) has been found to have comparable 30-day mortality compared to standard of care (SOC) therapy for the donor heart. At our institution, we had previously shown comparable results on 1-year outcome in terms of rejection, antibody development and survival. In this current study, this cohort of patients were followed, and we evaluated long term results. Methods Between 2011 and 2013, we randomized 38 heart transplant (HTx) patients to either OCS or SOC. We assessed total ischemic time (TIT), cold ischemic time (CIT), development of de novo antibodies (abs) and donor specific antibodies (DSA) within 8 year post-HTx, 8-year survival, 8-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), 8-year freedom from non-fatal major cardiac events (NF-MACE: Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, angioplasty, pacemaker/ICD, stroke), 8-year freedom from any-treated rejection (ATR), biopsy (bx) proven cellular rejection (ACR >2R), bx proven antibody-mediated rejection (AMR1, 2, or 3). Results OSC group had significant longer TIT but significantly shorter CIT compared to SOC. There was no statistically significant difference in 8-year freedom from CAV, NF-MACE, ATR, ACR and AMR. Moreover, 8-year survival was not statistically significant different between the two groups. There were total of 8 deaths in the OCS group and the cause of death included 3 immediate postoperative cases of hemorrhage and thrombotic event, two died of complications of malignancy, one due to multi-organ failure, one patient died due to complications of CMV infection and last patient died of unknown etiology. In the SOC group, there were 5 deaths. Causes of death included once case of rejection, one case of stroke, one patient died of CMV infection, one due to patient non-compliance, and one patient died of unknown cause at an outside hospital. Conclusion OCS appears to be a valid tool to extend total donor ischemic time without compromising long term outcomes.
Efficient planning algorithms for battery energy storage applications in distribution feeders

The topic of Non-Wires Alternatives has recently gained a lot of attention in the literature and industry alike. One of the Distributed Energy Resource (DER) types most commonly examined as an alternative solution to feeder issues is Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). BESS has been investigated as a solution, amongst others, to thermal capacity deferral and PV integration problems for both the transmission and distribution sides of the grid. In this paper, we focus on distribution applications of storage and showcase efficient planning-level algorithms to utilize storage against two types of distribution feeder capacity shortages: (i) substation capacity deferral and (ii) voltage magnitude control. The proposed planning methods and algorithms combine computational efficiency with high granularity in time and location. We use generic distribution tree feeder topologies and loading data and hourly shapes to demonstrate our results. We also show how these methods fit in and expand traditional distribution planning and the benefits they can provide given the current status of distribution networks, DER and renewable penetration.
The association between vehicle rim type and risk of occupant injury.

Modern vehicles generally use steel fabricated or alloy blended rims. The manufacturing process and atomic structure of the rim both yield different responses under destructive loading. The aim of ...
Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
TRUSTING THE STUDENTS AND EACH OTHER: A STORY OF CRITICAL COLLABORATIVE PRAXIS AND CRITICAL LITERACY PRACTICE IN AN URBAN U.S. CLASSROOM

This article explores critical literacy practices that both emerged and were made visible through the collaborative praxis of an elementary teacher and a teacher educator, both working in a U.S. urban school context. Through shared investigations of classroom language and literacy pedagogy, the collaborators developed a mutual focus over several years that investigated possibilities for high-expectations academic learning when students were positioned students as active, democratic, and participatory knowledge generators who cared about learning and each other. The complementary roles and responsibilities taken up by each researcher that tap both personal and shared areas of expertise over a five-year cycle of critical collaborative praxis-oriented analysis are delineated. Two vignettes are shared using evidence from this analysis that demonstrates intersections between student learning as they take up writing and research related to their own critical purposes, as well as the learning of the research partners as they question and investigate theoretical contributions to their own teaching.
Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Correlates of Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) Screening and Diagnosis History: Sex/Gender Differences.

Background While clinical studies have documented sex differences in emotional, behavioral, and cognitive function of children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), it is unknown if these sex differences are due to differences in referral and diagnosis or if they can be also seen when we screen a community sample for ADHD. If these sex differences exist in populations with a diagnosis history but cannot be seen in screening, then they are unfair, preventable, and due to gender (social processes in referral and diagnosis) rather than sex. Aim Using the data from a community sample of 9-10-year-old healthy developing children, we explored sex differences in the associations between cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and health status with positive screening vs. history of diagnosed ADHD. Methods The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study included a national sample of 10,171 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. This sample included 1,488 children with a history of psychiatric diagnosis and 8,683 children without a diagnosis. The two independent variables were screening and history of ADHD. The following variables were outcomes: symptom severity, cognitive function, body mass index (BMI), internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral disorders. Sex was the moderator, and age, race, ethnicity, education, household income, and family structure were covariates. Mixed-effects regression models were used to adjust for the nested nature of the data. Results Positive screening for ADHD and a history of diagnosis were both associated with worse cognitive function, higher internalizing, externalizing, total problem behaviors, higher inattention (ADHD symptoms), and lower BMI. Sex altered the association between history of diagnosis but not positive screening for ADHD with externalizing, and total behavioral problems as well as cognitive function. Sex did not affect the associations between positive screening for ADHD or a history of diagnosis with BMI or ADHD symptoms. Both history of diagnosis and positive screening for ADHD were associated with higher internalizing for boys than girls. Conclusion History of diagnosis, but not positive screening for ADHD, is differently associated with behavioral and cognitive performance of males and females. As sex differences are seen in correlates of history of diagnosis but not positive screening, some of the observed sex differences are due to differential referral and diagnosis rather than differential presentation of ADHD in the community. This finding suggests that some of the so-called "sex differences" that are believed to be due to biology and heritable may be "gender differences" and modifiable. This is important because while gender differences are preventable and modifiable, sex differences are not.
General Hospital Agitation Management under the Lens of Leadership Theory and Healthcare Team Best Practices Using TeamSTEPPS.

Abstract Background Acute agitation management is an emergency clinical intervention, often presenting acute danger to patients and medical staff. Unlike many other emergency clinical interventions, acute agitation management lacks a substantial evidence base regarding leadership and teamwork best practices. The Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) framework is a comprehensive strategy for improving healthcare outcomes in acute clinical situations. Objective Practical application of TeamSTEPPS frameworks to team-based acute agitation management in the medical setting. Methods A literature review was performed from January 1990 to March 2021 for verbal de-escalation in acute agitation management, leadership and teamwork in psychiatry and medicine, and TeamSTEPPS. Results No literature was found that applied TeamSTEPPS for acute agitation management in the general medical unit context, although limited application has been trialed in the inpatient psychiatric context. The verbal de-escalation literature describes applicable content including conflict management approaches, communication strategies, security presence management, modeling therapeutic behavior, and debriefing strategies. Several articles were found regarding a rapid response team model for acute agitation management and describing handoff tools in psychiatric care contexts. Translation of the TeamSTEPPS approach provided many additional approaches for operation of a rapid response team in acute agitation management. Conclusion The leadership and teamwork best practices in TeamSTEPPS provide a clear and actionable framework for team-based acute agitation management as an emergency clinical intervention.
Reflections on Racism in American Schools

Reflecting on America's growing diversity in its educational system, and that the disconnect between races and culture is not even noticed, questioned, or challenged, the author observes and comments as a foreign university student studying educational leadership in the U.S. Commenting on ideas presented in Gary Howard's book, We Can't Teach What We Don't Know , the view that White educators must reflect on their attitudes and practices pertaining to many diverse minority groups in schools today--and act to be a balm of healing and transformation. Today, more than any time since the Civil Rights movement, educators must recognize that the winds of change for including all races, beliefs, cultures, languages, genders, ethnicities, religions, and abilities must blow stronger with an urgency against further delay. Keywords: racism, culture, dominant, minority, education, and equality.
Control of Complex Maneuvers for a Quadrotor UAV using Geometric Methods on SE(3)

This paper provides new results for control of com- plex flight maneuvers for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The flight maneuvers are defined by a concatenation of flight modes or primitives, each of which is achieved by a nonlinear controller that solves an output tracking problem. A mathematical model of the quadrotor UAV rigid body dynamics, defined on the configuration space SE(3), is introduced as a basis for the analysis. The quadrotor UAV has four input degrees of freedom, namely the magnitudes of the four rotor thrusts; each flight mode is defined by solving an asymptotic optimal tracking problem. Although many flight modes can be studied, we focus on three output tracking problems, namely (1) outputs given by the vehicle attitude, (2) outputs given by the three position variables for the vehicle center of mass, and (3) output given by the three velocity variables for the vehicle center of mass. A nonlinear tracking controller is developed on the special Euclidean group SE(3) for each flight mode, and the closed loop is shown to have desirable properties that are almost global in each case. Several numerical examples, including one example in which the quadrotor recovers from being initially upside down and another example that includes switching and transitions between different flight modes, illustrate the versatility and generality of the proposed approach.
Family leave policies, job share, and child care at U.S. schools and colleges of pharmacy.

A 10-question survey was mailed to the deans of 74 schools and colleges of pharmacy to characterize family leave policies, child care, and job share opportunities. Data were tabulated as percentage response received, and analyzed by geographic region and by public compared with private institutions. Sixty-four surveys were completed (response rate 86%). Forty-eight (75%) schools reported having a formal written family leave policy: 47 offered maternity leave, 31 parental leave, 27 caregiver leave, 24 paternal leave, and 24 adoptive or foster parent leave. The duration and compensation for family leave varied among schools. A statistical difference was found between the Northeast (100%) and South (55%) in having such a policy. On-site child care was available at 26 (41%) schools, including both infant and child care in 12 and additional sick child care in 2. Three (5%) schools reported faculty job share positions.
Abstract 17677: Mortality Risk Associated with Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Among Women

Background: The extent to which apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is associated with mortality in women is not well-established. We assessed mortality risk associated with aTRH among women with varying underlying CV risk. Methods: We analyzed data from 3 cohorts of women: Women Take Heart (WTH; women without active CV disease at baseline); Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE; women with signs/symptoms of ischemia at baseline); and, the INternational VErapamil SR-trandolapril STudy (INVEST; women with CAD+HTN at baseline). Per cohort, women were categorized into 3 groups: no current/previous HTN; non-resistant HTN (non-rHTN; BP ≥140/90 mmHg on ≤2 drugs or BP <140/90 mmHg on 1-3 drugs); and, aTRH (BP ≥140/90 mmHg on ≥3 drugs or anyone on ≥4 drugs). The primary outcome was all-cause death at 10-year follow-up. Results: aTRH prevalence ranged from 0.4% in WTH to 31.4% in INVEST. Within each cohort, women with aTRH, compared to those without, were older, more often Black, and more likely ...
Queering Critiques of Neoliberalism in India: Urbanism and Inequality in the Era of Transnational “LGBTQ” Rights

Understanding contemporary sexuality and gender politics in India compels an examination of the imbrications between cities, the idea of modernity, the production of non-normative identity-based social categories, and critiques of neoliberalism. Recent developments in Indian sexuality and gender politics with respect to non-normative subjects must be understood through the critical lens that scholarship on neoliberalism offers. At the same time, an uncritical use of the theoretical apparatus of neoliberalism in the Indian context risks overdetermining the discursive space of normative urban gay elites. The conflation of gay identity with elitism, and transgender identity (when it is conflated with hijra-ness) with poverty, has characterized much of Indian public discourse on non-normative sexualities and genders. Emphasizing the vagaries of the daily lives of non-normative subjects, read through their geographical valences, is one way to disrupt this binary, while demonstrating the unique role of the urban imaginary in the discursive production of sexuality and gender-based activism in India. This is important in the current moment, as “LGBTQ” rights are taken up as a foreign policy issue by governments around the world, and the newly elected Indian government promises to build 100 “world class cities” during its tenure.