cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Chick’s Requirement for Phosphorus

Abstract DURING investigations to develop a practical method for measuring availability of phosphorus supplements, various factors which affect the young chick’s requirement for phosphorus were studied. The NRC publication on Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (Bird et al., 1966) places the phosphorus requirement for starting chickens at 0.7% of the diet, with the further provision that at least 0.5% of the total feed should be inorganic phosphorus. This requirement is in good agreement with those found by Lillie et al. (1964), Twining et al. (1965). and Mehring and Titus (1964) in their extensive studies with broiler strain chicks on practical diets. Almquist (1954) placed the requirement, in the presence of ample vitamin D, at 0.45% for the first 4 weeks. Early attempts to study the biological value of inorganic phosphates were reviewed by Gillis et al. (1954). They used a purified diet to study phosphorus sources of moderate or high availability, and…
An energy-based design criterion for magnetic microactuators

Magnetic actuators can be divided into two types: those in which motion changes the gap separation (type I) and those in which motion changes the gap overlap area but not the gap separation (type II). In conventional magnetic actuators of both types, it is assumed that most of the magnetic energy is stored in the gap due to the large reluctance of the gap compared with the negligibly small reluctance of the magnetic core. However, in magnetic microactuators, the fabrication limitations on the achievable cross-sectional area of the magnetic core as well as the finite core permeability increase the core reluctance to the point that this assumption may no longer be valid. In this case, the magnetic energy is distributed in both the gap and the magnetic core, in which the energy distribution is in proportion to the reluctance of the gap and the reluctance of the core respectively. Using an elementary structure of a magnetic actuator, it is shown that for type I microactuators, when the initial gap of the actuator is fixed (e.g., determining the stroke of the actuator), the generated magnetic force has maximum value when the gap overlap area is designed such that the reluctance of the gap is equal to the reluctance of the magnetic core (i.e., ). For type II actuators, the initial overlap area of the actuator is fixed (determining the stroke); therefore the generated magnetic force has a maximum value when the gap separation is designed such that the above equality holds. This paper details both analytical and finite element method (FEM) analysis confirmation for type I actuators. Extension to type II actuators is straightforward.
Euclidean and Unitary Spaces

As we have pointed out at the beginning of these Lectures, Euclidean geometry is concerned with the study of a real vector space relative to the scalar product \( \sum\limits_1^n {{\xi _i}{\eta _i}} \) determined by writing x Σξ i u i y = Ση i u i in terms of basic unit vectors that are mutually orthogonal. Since this scalar product is fixed, it is customary to denote it simply as (x, y) instead of g(x, y) as in the preceding chapter. The geometric meaning of (x, y) is clear. It gives the product of the cosine of the angle between x and y by the lengths of the two vectors. The length of x can also be expressed in terms of the scalar product, namely, |x| = (x,x)½
The Attraction of Electromagnetic Computer-Assisted Navigation in Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction Navigation in orthopaedic surgery is becoming more accepted as a means of improving and documenting accuracy. Yet, despite the improvements made, the road towards recognition of the capability and versatility of computer-assisted surgery has not always been smooth. Initially, navigation involved imagery, which utilized a localizer to calculate the geometry of the infrared reflective surfaces and light emitting diodes or tracking grids [1]. Image guided procedures utilized patient X-rays and fluoro-imaging obtained prior to or during a procedure as a guide for the physician. However, this was constrained by the necessity of direct, unobstructed line of sight. Both image-guided and imageless navigation systems require trackers to establish the position of the patient as movement occurs, whereas traditional imageless infrared (IR) navigation eliminates the need for fluoro-imaging while still requiring line-of-sight. Constraints on signal strength as well as a limited arc or azimuth of signal reception hinder its use. Additionally, IR accuracy is proportional to the separation between reflector markers, requiring expansive arrays, which are obtrusive to the surgical field and may injure soft tissue as movement of the extremity is performed. Due to problems including fixation, signal acquisition, soft tissue trauma, and operative constraints, a technology using a signal that does not require line-of-sight reception was desirable. An electromagnetic computer-assisted surgery (EM-CAS) system has this capability. Some of the first reports of the use of EM in surgery were in neurosurgical and ENT applications for cranial surgery [2,3]. Other applications of EM technology arose in cardiovascular surgery, where an electromagnetic field was used to guide ferrous-tipped catheters into tortuous vessels that were non-navigable by traditional catheterization techniques. These were tracked by fluoro-imaging yet had the distinction of reversing the role of EM to steer them rather than track them into extremely tight, convoluted vessels [4]. Part of the suspicion about EM technology for orthopaedic applications arises from concerns over the stability of the signal around metallic objects. However, with the advent of multiplex magnetic generators, known as localizers and receiver coils or trackers called dynamic reference frames (DRFs), much of the instability and signal inaccuracy is removed. Precision and accuracy is vastly improved to well beyond the industry standard of ±2 mm and ±2o of angulation. Achieving this level of accuracy allows EM tracking to have equivalent status as traditional line-of-sight IR navigation systems with the added benefit of soft tissue penetration.
Tension on chromosomes increases the number of kinetochore microtubules but only within limits.

When chromosomes attach properly to a mitotic spindle, their kinetochores generate force in opposite directions, creating tension. Tension is presumed to increase kinetochore microtubule number, but there has been no direct evidence this is true. We micromanipulated grasshopper spermatocyte chromosomes to test this assumption and found that tension does indeed affect the number of kinetochore microtubules. Releasing tension at kinetochores causes a drop to less than half the original number of kinetochore microtubules. Restoring tension onto these depleted kinetochores restores the microtubules to their original number. However, the effects of tension are limited. Prometaphase kinetochores, when under normal tension from mitotic forces, have about half as many microtubules as they will in late metaphase. We imposed a tension force of 6 × 10(−5) dynes, three times the normal tension, on prometaphase kinetochores. The elevated tension did not drive kinetochore microtubule number above normal prometaphase values. Tension probably increases the number of kinetochore microtubules by slowing their turnover rate. The limited effect of tension at prometaphase kinetochores suggests that they have fewer microtubule binding sites than at late metaphase. The relatively few sites available in prometaphase may be the decisive sites whose binding of microtubules regulates the dynamics of transient kinetochore constituents, including checkpoint components.
Effect of Environment Upon the Melting Point of Al2O3.

The melting point of Al2O3 has been determined in vacuum, air, argon, and helium utilizing iridium or tungsten containers. All melting point experiments were conducted in induction furnaces capable of heating small samples under blackbody conditions to 3000 °C in vacuum. 2600 °C in inert atmospheres, and 2400 °C in air. Temperatures were continuously monitored with a recording photoelectric pyrometer which has a sensitivity of ±0.2° at 1063 °C and ±1° at 2000 °C. Melting points were determined on specimens having a purity in excess of 99.9 percent. The data indicated that the melting point of Al2O3 determined in vacuum (~ 6.5 × l0-5 torr) is 2051 °C (1FTS). The overall maximum uncertainty was estimated to be ±6 °C. The measurements themselves were precise within ±1.5 °C. Vacuum treatment had least detrimental effect upon the Al2O3 specimens. Each of the gaseous atmospheres including air yielded lower melting points for Al2O3, presumably due to a premelting phenomenon.
Abstract 29: Concordance of somatic mutations found in primary tumors and plasma circulating-free DNA from early and late-stage colorectal cancer patients

Circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) holds great potential for non-invasive somatic mutation detection in cancer patients as a so-called “liquid biopsy”. A liquid biopsy is especially valuable when tumor tissue is not available and for longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden or emerging resistance. In such cases, tumor-specific mutations are not known a priori and in order to detect tumor-derived somatic mutations it is best to interrogate a broad panel of cancer genes. The primary obstacle to sequencing cfDNA with broad mutation panels is achieving the necessary limit of detection to identify small amounts of tumor-derived cfDNA relative to the predominant wild-type cfDNA in the plasma of cancer patients. Tumor-derived cfDNA levels correlate with tumor stage, also making it an important consideration when investigating the sensitivity of this approach. We demonstrate the detection of somatic variants in several cancer genes in the plasma of early and late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by deep sequencing (> 8,000X) the cfDNA and matched normal DNA of N=33 CRC patients using the AmpliSeq cancer panel. The AmpliSeq panel requires less than 10ng of input DNA and amplifies hotspot loci of 50 known cancer genes for next-generation sequencing (NGS). We observe at least one somatic mutation with greater than 0.1% variant allele frequency in the cfDNA of all 33 CRC patients. We also show the sensitivity of detecting tumor-derived somatic mutations in cfDNA by exome sequencing of the primary tumor tissue. We find higher sensitivity for tumor mutations in cfDNA of late-stage patients compared to early-stage patients. Overall, we demonstrate the feasibility of using NGS on a small sized cancer panel for identifying somatic mutations, including those with low variant allele frequency, in cfDNA of early and late-stage CRC patients. Although a cfDNA approach holds promise as a tool to aid in pre-clinical and clinical research, more work is needed to understand its performance under different assay and disease conditions. Citation Format: Steven M. Bray, Philip J. Ebert, John N. Calley, Richard E. Higgs, Isabella H. Wulur, Swee Seong Wong, Candice L. Horn, Ricardo Martinez, Christoph Reinhard. Concordance of somatic mutations found in primary tumors and plasma circulating-free DNA from early and late-stage colorectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 29.
Determination of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in water by gas chromatography-μ-electron capture detector(GC-μECD)

Objective:To establish a method for determination of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in water by gas chromatography-μ-electron capture detector(GC-μECD).Methods:Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in water were extracted with petroleum ether or cyclohexane.The analysis was performed by gas chromatography-μ-electron capture detector(GC-μECD).Retention times were used to confirm the pesticides.Results:The calibration curves of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl were linear(correlatiom coefficient r0.999) within the range of 0.001 μg/ml～300 μg/ml,respectively.The recoveries were ranged from 93.2%～108% and 96.3%～103%,respectively.The relative standard deviations(RSD) of the method was 5%(n=8) for each case,and the limit of determination(LOD) was 0.5 μg/L.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid.Its sensitivity and selectivity are high.The method is suitable for determining of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in water.
The Study of Gridless Method for Complex Shape Flow Calculation

In this paper,a gridless method for 2-D and 3-D complex shape flow calculation is investigated.On the base of the distributed clouds of points,a least-squares fitting and the AUSM+_up scheme is used to obtain the numerical flux.An implicit algorithm is used to advanced the flow equations in time,at the same time local time stepping technique and residual averaging are employed.In order to demonstrate the accuracy and rudeness of the method,some multi-element airfoil in subsonic flow,M6 wing in transonic flow,and some plane in transonic flow are computed.The compute result demonstrate that the greedless method in this paper can be good for simulation of complex shape flow.
Frailty, food insecurity, and nutritional status in people living with hiv

BACKGROUND Nutritional status and food insecurity are associated with frailty in the general U.S. population, yet little is known about this in the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH). OBJECTIVES Given the potential importance of nutrition and the amenability to intervention, we examined the association between nutritional status, food insecurity, and frailty in PLWH. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. PARTICIPANTS 50 PLWH, age ≥45 years, recruited from a cohort study examining risk factors for cardiovascular disease. MEASUREMENTS Frailty, duration of HIV, use of antiretroviral therapy, disease history, food insecurity, physical function, and physical activity were assessed by questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records. Blood was drawn for CD4+ cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lipid levels. Physical measurements included height, weight, and skinfold thickness. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty was 16% (n=8), 44% were pre-frail (n=22) and 40% were not frail (n=20). The number of reported difficulties with 20 activities of daily living was highest in frail (mean 10.4±3.9 SD), followed by pre-frail (6.5±4.6), and lowest in not frail participants (2.0±2.3). Seven (88%) of the frail PLWH lost weight with an average weight loss of 22.9 pounds; 6 (75%) reported unintentional weight loss, and all 6 of these met the frailty criteria for weight loss of 10 or more pounds. Nine (45%) of the not frail PLWH reported losing weight with an average weight loss of 6.2 pounds; 5 (23%) reported unintentional weight loss of <10 pounds. Frail PLWH were more likely to report being food insecure than not frail PLWH (63% vs. 10%, p=0.02), and tended to have lower energy intake than not frail PLWH. CONCLUSION Research is needed on targeted interventions to improve food security and activities of daily living in PLWH for both the prevention and improvement of frailty.
Whole-Exome Molecular Autopsy After Exertional Sudden Cardiac Death: Not a Panacea but a Step in the Right Direction.

The sudden death of a seemingly healthy child is a loss from which many families never recover. Despite a Medical Examiner’s autopsy, a significant proportion of such deaths remain unexplained or ascribed to natural causes, a conclusion that only exacerbates the deep sense of confusion, disbelief, and continued distress faced by the family.1 Identification of the underlying cause behind sudden cardiac death in the young not only provides an explanation for the family, but given the high likelihood of a genetic cause facilitates testing in first-degree family members and the implementation of protective measures in those considered at risk. Article, see p 259 When faced with a negative conventional autopsy, a molecular autopsy therefore provides a welcome second line of investigation, a strategy deemed worthy of consideration in the 2011 joint expert consensus statement by the Heart Rhythm Society and European Heart Rhythm Association.2 A comprehensive molecular analysis on exertional sudden death cases, as performed by Anderson et al3 from the Mayo Clinic and reported in this edition of Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics , adds further understanding to potential causal mechanisms that underlie sudden death in children. The association between cardiac arrhythmia and exercise is firmly established for both long-QT syndrome type 1 (LQTS1) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), typically leading to exertional syncope or seizures,4,5 although sudden death as the sentinel event is well recognized. The clinical diagnosis is made electrocardiographically in both LQTS1 and CPVT, and cardiac pathological and histological examination will by definition be normal, making these attractive cases for molecular autopsy. Given that the molecular architecture for LQTS1 and CPVT is better understood than for many other cardiovascular genetic disorders and the phenotype can be elicited in surviving relatives, identified variants in 2 major disease-associated genes, KCNQ1 or RyR2 , …
Precipitate formation after subconjunctival administration of ceftazidime and vancomycin

This is a case report of precipitate formation after the administration of subconjunctival antibiotics after uneventful intravitreal antibiotic administration in a patient with endophthalmitis.
Regulation of phenolsulfotransferase activity in the rat

Phenol sulfotransferase (E.C. 2.8.2.1, PST) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many monoamines, monoamine metabolites and drugs related to monoamine neurotransmitters (Axelrod et al., 1959; Roy, 1971; Dodgson, 1977). PST is a “cytoplasmic” enzyme that is present in a variety of tissues. 3’-Phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the sulfate donor for the reaction (Roy, 1971; Dodgson, 1977). Studies of this important monoamine and drug metabolizing enzyme activity in tissue homogenates have been hampered in the past by the presence of potent endogenous tissue inhibitors of PST (Anderson and Weinshilboum, 1979). In addition, inspite of the importance of the enzyme, little is known of its regulation. Age, humoral factors and inheritance all play important roles in the regulation of the activities of many enzymes. The following experiments were undertaken to study the possible roles of age, humoral factors and inheritance in the regulation of PST activity in the rat. An assay procedure was used that negated the effects of tissue PST inhibitors (Pearson et al., 1980).
Ezechiel Sangmeister's Way of Life in Greater Pennsylvania

The Reformation ran headlong into the Enlightenment between the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. The most radical byproducts of sixteenth-century Europe’s religious reform movements settled in this colony hailed by Enlightenment thinkers as a beacon of toleration. Nothing probed the parameters of that toleration as pointedly as the celibate sect that established the Ephrata Cloister on the banks of Cocalico Creek. Leben und Wandel, the autobiography of Ezechiel Sangmeister, offers historians the most detailed perspective on the daily life and culture surrounding that community in Pennsylvania and flowing south down the Shenandoah.
Associations Between Patient Characteristics and the Amount of Arthritis Medication Information Patients Receive.

Little is known about factors associated with the receipt of medication information among arthritis patients. This study explores information source receipt and associations between demographic and clinical/patient characteristics and the amount of arthritis medication information patients receive. Adult patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 328) completed an online cross-sectional survey. Patients reported demographic and clinical/patient characteristics and the amount of arthritis medication information received from 15 information sources. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate whether those characteristics were associated with the amount of medication information patients received. Arthritis patients received the most information from health professionals, followed by printed materials, media sources, and interpersonal sources. Greater receipt of information was associated with greater medication adherence, taking more medications, g...
Principles of brain development

Throughout much of the 20th century, the major models of brain development were strongly deterministic. It was thought that brain development proceeds via a prescribed blueprint that is somehow innately specified in the organism. Contemporary models present a distinctly different view of both inheritance and brain development. First, we do not inherit blueprints or plans, we inherit genes and the cellular machinery for expressing them. Genes carry essential information for creating proteins, but do not determine biological processes or developmental outcomes; the first cells contain the elements necessary for creating proteins based on the information coded in the nucleotide sequences of genes. Second, brain development is dynamic: the biological state of the brain at any moment is the product of developmental processes that involve an intricate interplay among genes and an ever-expanding range of environmental factors-from local cellular events to influences from the outside world. In science, models matter. They reflect underlying assumptions about how things can happen, and thus influence the kinds of questions we ask, the kinds of experiments we propose, the therapies we develop, and the educational curricula we construct. The dynamic model of brain development accounts for powerful neurobehavioral effects that can simply not be accommodated by deterministic models. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1402. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1402 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Abstract 5423: Identification of immunotargets in Hedgehog medulloblastoma for immunotherapy

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Although approximately 75% of patients survive with current therapies, the associated complications drastically affect their quality of life, including severe neurological impairment and secondary cancers. Approximately 30% of MB cases exhibit activated hedgehog signaling pathway (HH-MB). Recent clinical trials using small molecular HH inhibitors exhibit promising results. Unfortunately, there are also indications of high rates of resistance and relapses, affirming the pressing need to develop complimentary therapies. Although immunotherapy has previously been proposed to treat MB, unique antigens are rare and monoclonal antibody therapies may not ensure tumor cytotoxicity, without additional adjuvants and associated severe side effects. However, recent successful developments of various cancer immunotherapies, especially the chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cell therapy, have rekindled interest in MB immunotherapies. To address the heterogeneity of MB and to develop a precision immunotherapy, we propose to identify uniquely or differentially overexpressed cell surface proteins in HH-MB, using human MB microarray and RNA-Seq data. Our preliminary studies have identified 39 potential candidates that are differentially expressed in HH-MB. We are currently confirming the presence and cellular localization of these candidate proteins using human MB tissue microarrays. This work is supported by NIH (T32 HL07915 [GST]) and Stand Up To Cancer - St. Baldrick9s Pediatric Dream Team Translational Research Grant (SU2C-AACR-DT1113). Stand Up To Cancer is a program of the Entertainment Industry Foundation administered by the American Association for Cancer Research. Citation Format: Grace S. Tan, Tom Curran. Identification of immunotargets in Hedgehog medulloblastoma for immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5423. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5423
Drive the Car(go)s-New Modalities to Control Cargo Trafficking in Live Cells.

Synaptic transmission is a fundamental molecular process underlying learning and memory. Successful synaptic transmission involves coupled interaction between electrical signals (action potentials) and chemical signals (neurotransmitters). Defective synaptic transmission has been reported in a variety of neurological disorders such as Autism and Alzheimer’s disease. A large variety of macromolecules and organelles are enriched near functional synapses. Although a portion of macromolecules can be produced locally at the synapse, a large number of synaptic components especially the membrane-bound receptors and peptide neurotransmitters require active transport machinery to reach their sites of action. This spatial relocation is mediated by energy-consuming, motor protein-driven cargo trafficking. Properly regulated cargo trafficking is of fundamental importance to neuronal functions, including synaptic transmission. In this review, we discuss the molecular machinery of cargo trafficking with emphasis on new experimental strategies that enable direct modulation of cargo trafficking in live cells. These strategies promise to provide insights into a quantitative understanding of cargo trafficking, which could lead to new intervention strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Comparison of halide receptors based on H, halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds.

A series of halide receptors are constructed and the geometries and energetics of their binding to F−, Cl−, and Br− assessed by quantum calculations. The dicationic receptors are based on a pair of imidazolium units, connected via a benzene spacer. The imidazoliums each donate a proton to a halide in a pair of H-bonds. Replacement of the two bonding protons by Br leads to binding via a pair of halogen bonds. Likewise, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds occur when the protons are replaced, respectively, by Se, As, and Ge. Regardless of the binding group considered, F− is bound much more strongly than are Cl− and Br−. With respect to the latter two halides, the binding energy is not very sensitive to the nature of the binding atom, whether H or some other atom. But there is a great deal of differentiation with respect to F−, where the order varies as tetrel > H ∼ pnicogen > halogen > chalcogen. The replacement of the various binding atoms by their analogues in the next row of the periodic table enhances the fluoride binding energy by 22–56%. The strongest fluoride binding agents utilize the tetrel bonds of the Sn atom, whereas it is I-halogen bonds that are preferred for Cl− and Br−. After incorporation of thermal and entropic effects, the halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonding receptors do not represent much of an improvement over H-bonds with regard to this selectivity for F−, even I which binds quite strongly. In stark contrast, the tetrel-bonding derivatives, both Ge and Sn, show by far the greatest selectivity for F− over the other halides, as much as 1013, an enhancement of six orders of magnitude when compared to the H-bonding receptor.
Abstract ED04-02: XCMS cloud-based metabolomics: A platform for the cancer biologist

Quantitative unbiased analysis of endogenous metabolites from cells, tissues, or fluids - metabolomics, has become an integral part of functional genomics efforts lending itself as a tool for clinical diagnostics, toxicology, agriculture, biofuels, and understanding fundamental biochemistry. Where the genome and proteome represent upstream biochemical events, the metabolites correlate with the most downstream biochemistry and therefore most closely represent the phenotype. This has been proven by the broad success of metabolite analysis in clinical diagnostics and pathogenesis. We have developed a platform to enable these analyses called XCMS, XCMS allows for alignment, statistical evaluation, and metabolite characterization from mass spectrometry data. In addition we have constructed METLIN currently the largest online metabolite MS/MS database. It is worth noting that XCMS, and related papers, enables the initial characterization of endogenous and exogenous metabolites, and has been cited in over a 1200 articles. Citation Format: Gary Siuzdak. XCMS cloud-based metabolomics: A platform for the cancer biologist. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED04-02.
Membrane topology and identification of key residues of EaDAcT, a plant MBOAT with unusual substrate specificity.

Summary Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (DAG) to form 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (acetyl-TAG). EaDAcT belongs to a small, plant-specific subfamily of the membrane bound O-acyltransferases (MBOAT) that acylate different lipid substrates. Sucrose gradient density centrifugation revealed that EaDAcT colocalizes to the same fractions as an endoplasmic reticulum specific marker. By mapping the membrane topology of EaDAcT, we obtained an experimentally determined topology model for a plant MBOAT. The EaDAcT model contains four transmembrane domains, with both the N- and C-termini orientated toward the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, there is a large cytoplasmic loop between the first and second transmembrane domains, with the MBOAT signature region of the protein embedded in the third transmembrane domain close to the interface between the membrane and the cytoplasm. During topology mapping, we discovered two cysteine residues (C187 and C293) located on opposite sides of the membrane that are important for enzyme activity. In order to identify additional amino acid residues important for acetyltransferase activity, we isolated and characterized acetyltransferases from other acetyl-TAG producing plants. Among them, the acetyltransferase from Euonymus fortunei possessed the highest activity in vivo and in vitro. Mutagenesis of conserved amino acids revealed that S253, H257, D258 and V263 are essential for EaDAcT activity. Alteration of residues unique to the acetyltransferases did not alter the unique acyl donor specificity of EaDAcT, suggesting that multiple amino acids are important for substrate recognition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
GEOLOGICAL IMAGINATION IN ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE. IMAGINACIÓN GEOLÓGICA EN LA ESCULTURA ROMÁNICA

El articulo parte de la remarcable similitud formal existente entre los patrones observados en las rocas de los Pirineos y un motivo escultorico generalizado. El articulo explora varios factores que posiblemente dieron lugar a que los escultores incorporasen un patron geologico en el ambito de la iconografia. Entre estos factores hay que senalar las particularidades del paisaje pirenaico, las especulaciones medievales sobre la formacion de la piedra, las doctrinas teologicas, las metaforas religiosas y la experiencia de los escultores sobre su propia practica. Palabras clave: Esculturas romanicas, Pirineos, patrones geologicos, procesos creativos, liquidez Abstract The paper’s point of departure is a striking formal similarity between patterns found on rock in the Pyrenees and a widespread sculptural motif. The paper explores several factors that possibly led carvers to transpose a geological pattern into the domain of iconography. Among these factors are the particularities of the Pyrenean landscape, medieval geological speculations on stone formation, theological doctrines, religious metaphors, and the carvers’ experience of their own practice. Keywords : Romanesque sculpture; Pyrenees; geological patterns; creative process; liquidity
Our Ethical and Moral Responsibility: Ensuring the Welfare of Therapy Animals

Abstract From 1984 to 2014, the field of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) has grown tremendously. Many interdisciplinary professionals are now employing AAI in various settings with distinct populations. The field is becoming more refined, with unique applications to specific situations, such as courtroom dogs and trauma support dogs. Although there has been growth in the application of AAI, there continues to be a lack of well-designed research studies demonstrating the efficacy of AAI. This lack of data still casts a dark cloud over the field as it attempts to become a more respected alternative and complementary form of therapy. Beyond the challenges in understanding the value of AAI with very specific populations of human beneficiaries, there is a void in the literature regarding the impact of these interventions on the therapy animals themselves. Despite the American Veterinary Medical Association's definition of the human–animal bond as the “mutually beneficial relationship between humans and animals that is essential to the wellbeing of both,” little emphasis has been placed on the well-being of the animal. Answers to questions such as what are the long-term effects of the demands placed on these animals are poorly understood. Furthermore, there is a void in the field with regard to the application of universal standards setting forth the manner in which these animals will be used and guidelines for their welfare and safety. These issues must be seriously considered and welfare concerns highlighted as AAI becomes more established as a complementary form of therapy.
Evidence already exists for motor system reorganization in CRPS

ABSTRACTComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling condition that is usually preceded by trauma or surgical procedure. Involvement of the motor system is a well-known phenomenon in CRPS, though the pathophysiologic mechanisms of motor system affliction in CRPS are poorly understood. Graded motor imagery (GMI) has been proposed to be one of the therapeutic interventions to help improve pain and other disabling symptoms associated with CRPS, though the benefits noted are modest and inconsistent. The neurophysiological mechanisms implicated in motor imagery are intended to target the aberrant prefrontal and sensorimotor integration areas, which may potentially help restore the aberrant cortical plasticity in CRPS. Detailed well-controlled experiments using insights from the existing body of literature on motor system reorganization in CRPS are required to better understand this complicated disorder. Attempts to gain pathophysiologic insights about complicated disorders like CRPS based on case repor...
Orthogonal Coded Active Illumination for Millimeter Wave, Massive-MIMO Computational Imaging With Metasurface Antennas

Emerging metasurface antenna technology enables flexible and low cost massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter-wave (mmW) imaging for applications such as personnel screening, weapon detection, reconnaissance, and remote sensing. This work proposes an orthogonal coded active illumination (OCAI) approach which utilizes simultaneous, mutually orthogonal coded transmit signals to illuminate the scene being imaged. It is shown that OCAI is robust to code amplitude and code phase imbalance introduced by imperfect transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) hardware, while also mitigating common impairments of low cost direct-conversion receivers, such as RX selfjamming and DC offsets. The coding gain offered by this approach improves imager signal to noise ratio performance by up to 15 dB using codes of symbol length 32. We present validation images of resolution targets and a human-scale mannequin, obtained with a custom massive-MIMO mmW imager having 24 simultaneous TXs and 72 simultaneous RXs operating in the K-band (17.5 GHz to 26.5 GHz). The imager leverages both spatial coding via frequency diverse metasurface antennas, and temporal coding via OCAI of the scene.
Identifying Recipients of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Data From Privately Insured Americans.

Objective:Despite the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), limited epidemiologic research has been conducted to identify rates of ECT use and characteristics of patients who receive EC...
Turbulence Intensity Similarity Laws For Turbulent Boundary Layers

Turbulence intensity similarity laws, which are based on the attached eddy hypothesis, are tested with new high Reynolds number data obtained in the atmospheric surface layer. The existing formulation for the streamwise component was until now restricted to the log region and above. A new extended version is proposed that applies across the entire boundary layer for smooth wall flows and explains why the near- wall mixed scaling proposed by DeGraaff and Eaton, 2000 appears to be successful.
Local Emergency Management Organizations

Two days after Hurricane Andrew struck the southeastern coast of Florida, the emergency manager of Dade County asked in desperation, “Where the hell is the cavalry on this one?” Pleas for help are common in most widespread disasters as municipal and county governments may not have sufficient material and human resources to deal with the devastation and disruption they leave behind. Mass emergencies and major calamities are therefore characterized by the need for outside assistance, and state and federal assets are sent to the affected area to assess damages, explain national relief programs, and provide financial assistance, among other things. For instance, when the World Trade Center towers collapsed after being struck by hijacked aircraft, hundreds of government agencies and departments converged in New York. Among these individuals and organizations from the public sector were search and rescue teams, law enforcement personnel, environmental enforcement officials, intelligence agents, congressional representatives, the National Guard, interstate mutual aid partners, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Emergent groups, religious organizations, businesses, and nonprofit agencies also arrived at the scene from distant locations to provide various kinds of disaster assistance. Nonetheless, the bulk of responsibility in disasters typically falls on local jurisdictions. The burden of dealing with a disaster is never felt more intensely than at the community level. For this reason, it is imperative to understand local emergency management organizations.
X-Ray Laser Sources for Microscopy

Progress and prospects in soft X-ray laser development at Princeton are presented. A comparison to plasma and synchrotron sources is made with a view to applications in microscopy.
Sensory Response in Bacteria

Bacteria have a well-developed sensory system that allows them to swim toward attractants, which are usually nutrients, and away from repellents, which are usually indicators of toxic conditions. Thus, they respond to environmental conditions in ways that enhance their survival. In fact, it is quite easy to select for bacteria with improved motility by generating conditions that make much motility advantageous to the organism. Bacterial behavior, therefore, is a phenomenon that has many analogies to more complex behavior patterns but is contained in an extremely small living cell.
Familial Association of Thrombopathia and Antihemophilic Factor (AHF, Factor VIII) Deficiency

Five female members of a family manifesting a dominantly inherited bleeding disorder were investigated for coagulation and platelet abnormalities. A long bleeding time, mild thrombocytopenia, large platelets, low platelet factor-3 activity (PF-3), and low factor VIII levels were found in the proband. Long bleeding times, low PF-3, and low factor VIII levels were found in various combinations in the four other family members studied. PF-3 was abnormal by three techniques in the proband and could be corrected by adding ADP. Her platelets and those of one other member did not aggregate when exposed to collagen. The proband’s platelets did not release ADP on collagen exposure. The severity of bleeding was proportional to the number of laboratory abnormalities in the individual’s studied. The findings in this family overlap both hereditary thrombopathia and von Willebrand’s disease and were quite variable between family members. It appears that there exists a spectrum of dominant hereditary bleeding disorders with abnormalities in the platelets or factor VIII levels or both, with variable expressivity in family members.
Facilitating a Smooth Transitional Process for Immigrant Caribbean Children: The Role of Teachers, Social Workers, and Related Professional Staff

Abstract Immigrant students from the English-speaking Caribbean face various forms of psycho-educational and socio-cultural dislocation in their attempt to fit within the structures of their new schools and communities in the United States. These students risk academic failure and delinquency and the possibility of remaining on the periphery of American society, unless schools assume the central role of fostering a smooth transitional process for them. Despite the critical role that teachers, social workers, guidance counselors, and school psychologists play in shaping the transitional outcome of immigrant students, to date, there has been no serious effort to examine the experiences of these service providers who work with the spiraling numbers of school-age Caribbean students. This study utilizes qualitative methods to gain insight into the experiences of teachers and related professional staff from two NYC schools, which serve large numbers of Caribbean students of African and East Indian heritage. In ...
Abstract TP103: Cholesterol Transporters Abca1 and Apoe Mediate Grey/White Matter Remodeling and Neurogenesis/Oligodendrogenesis After Stroke

The ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) are major cholesterol transporters in the brain. ABCA1 effluxes cholesterol and phospholipids to extra-cellular, and ApoE...
Are Office-Based Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures Profitable? A Benefit-Cost Analysis.

Purpose Although many oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMS) procedures might seem to be profitable, no current data have analyzed the costs versus benefits of performing office-based OMS procedures. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the costs of performing 6 common office-based OMS procedures compared with the reimbursement rates for those same procedures. Materials and Methods The present study was a cross-sectional, microcosting survey analyzing the costs of materials used in the outpatient Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery clinic at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. The costs incurred were based on dental procedure coding and national statistical databases and not on actual patient interactions. The primary predictor variable was the procedure costs for 6 commonly performed outpatient OMS procedures using 3 types of trays: a simple tray, a surgical tray, and an implant tray. The ancillary materials were listed for as-needed use for each tray. The primary outcome variable was the revenue after expenses per procedure. Descriptive statistics were computed. The net profit or net loss of performing 6 commonly performed outpatient OMS procedures was analyzed by subtracting the cost of performing the procedure from the insurance reimbursement for those procedures. Results Without the addition of sedation to the procedures, routine extractions had a net loss of $230 to $261, surgical extractions had a net loss of $153 to $242, and incision and drainage procedures had a net loss of $212 to $311. Furthermore, preprosthetic procedures had a net loss to net profit of −$269 to +$140, and pathologic procedures had a net loss to net profit of −$269 to +$326. Only implant procedures yielded a net profit of $847. Conclusions The results of the present study have demonstrated that not all routine OMS procedures are profitable when performed alone without the inclusion of additional procedures or sedation.
A simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation

We give elementary derivations of some classical summation formulae for bilateral (basic) hypergeometric series. In particular, we apply Gauss' 2-F-1 summation and elementary series manipulations to give a simple proof of Dougall's 2-H-2 summation. Similarly, we apply Rogers' nonterminating 6-phi-5 summation and elementary series manipulations to give a simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation. Our method of proof extends M. Jackson's first elementary proof of Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Secondary to Duodenal Ischemia

We would like to present a rare case of postoperative duodenal ischemia managed conservatively. This is an 83-year-old female who underwent an elective costotransversectomy and discectomy. The surgery was complicated by hypotension. Postoperative recovery was complicated by episodes of diarrhea and melena with a hemoglobin drop. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed revealed diffusely ischemic duodenal mucosa affecting both the first and second parts. Computed tomography angiography failed to find occlusion of blood supply. The patient was managed conservatively with fluids and hemodynamic support. The blood supply to the duodenum is highly collateral making ischemia here rare. In similar case reports of successfully conservatively managed duodenal ischemia, EGD was also performed due to similar rare presentations and diagnostic challenges/uncertainties, despite EGD currently not being considered a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. They were also managed conservatively with fluid replacement, bowel reset, and proper selection of current medications.
The US Experience with Swallowable Gas-Filled Balloons

The Obalon Balloon System (Obalon Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA) is the only swallowable gas-filled intragastric balloon system with approval for use in the United States, Brazil, the EU, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. The balloon system includes three balloons that are swallowed and inflated in the stomach over the course of 6–12 weeks without the need for sedation, endoscopy, or radiation exposure. All balloons are removed endoscopically 6 months after the first balloon administration. The swallowable gas-filled balloon system has demonstrated effectiveness with twice as much weight loss in a US multicenter randomized sham-controlled trial and a very low rate of serious adverse events. A large prospective registry from the United States confirmed clinical practice weight loss is higher than in the randomized sham-controlled trial with a continued very low rate of serious adverse events. In conclusion, the swallowable gas-filled balloon system has level I evidence demonstrating safety and effectiveness for weight loss in patients with obesity.
Chapter 13 – Hemostatic Disorders

Publisher Summary Endothelial cells secrete substances that repel, initiate coagulation, promote platelet adhesion and fibrin dissolution, catalyze the inhibition of thrombin and inhibit the initiation of fibrin dissolution. Participation of platelets in hemostasis is a fundamental component of the physiologic process of coagulation. Platelet interactions in coagulation are initiated by adhesion to areas of vascular injury. Subsequent activation of platelets results in release of ADP, serotonin and calcium from “dense bodies” and fibrinogen, vWF, factor V, HMW kininogen, fibronectin, α-1-antitrypsin, α-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 (PF4) and platelet-derived growth factor from α granules. Platelets provide surfaces for the assembly of coagulation factors. The platelets aggregate and increase the mass of the hemostatic plug. They also mediate blood vessel constriction (by releasing serotonin) and neutralize heparin. As a result of injury to the blood vessel endothelium, three events take place concurrently, which are vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and fibrin thrombus formation. The three components of hemostasis (blood vessels, platelets and plasma coagulation factors) do not function independently but are integrated and interdependent.