cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic tracking, feature extraction and classification of C. elegans phenotypes

This paper presents a method for automatic tracking of the head, tail, and entire body movement of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using computer vision and digital image analysis techniques. The characteristics of the worm's movement, posture and texture information were extracted from a 5-min image sequence. A Random Forests classifier was then used to identify the worm type, and the features that best describe the data. A total of 1597 individual worm video sequences, representing wild type and 15 different mutant types, were analyzed. The average correct classification ratio, measured by out-of-bag (OOB) error rate, was 90.9%. The features that have most discrimination ability were also studied. The algorithm developed will be an essential part of a completely automated C. elegans tracking and identification system.
Relações entre modelos de pais e comportamentos de risco na saúde do adolescente: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Pesquisas realizadas durante os ultimos 20 anos sugerem que a qualidade da relacao entre pais e adolescentes tem obtido impacto significante no desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco a saude dos adolescentes. A finalidade deste estudo e apresentar uma revisao bibliografica de estudos publicados entre o ano de 1996 e 2007, que analisam relacoes especificas entre modelos de pais e seis principais comportamentos de risco em adolescentes. Os adolescentes crescidos sob disciplina autoritaria demonstraram consistentemente mais comportamentos seguros e menos comportamentos de risco comparados a adolescentes vindos de familias nao autoritarias. O modelo dos pais e comportamentos relacionados a afetividade, comunicacao familiar e praticas disciplinares, predizem importantes mediadores na formacao do adolescente, incluindo o desenvolvimento academico e o ajuste psico-social. Avaliacoes cuidadosas de modelos padroes de pais em diversas populacoes, sera uma proxima etapa critica no desenvolvimento de intervencoes eficazes e culturalmente adaptadas, na promocao de saude a adolescentes.
POPULATION DIFFERENCES IN CELLULARITY OF THE MASTOID PROCESS

Adult crania from four human skeletal population samples were radiographed in order to study variation of the air cell system in the mastoid process. Six types of processes were recognized, i.e., s...
Advances in virtual cathode microwave sources

The evolution of the virtual cathode microwave source and its current performance are described. Explosive generator driven virtual cathode oscillators, resonant cavity sources, and phase-locking and amplifier sources are covered. Areas for future development are discussed. >
Breastfeeding attitudes in a sample of Spanish-speaking Hispanic American women.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study examined attitudes toward breastfeeding in 57 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American women. Participants were asked to complete a Spanish version of the Breastfeeding Behavior Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Comportamiento Amamantar). The instrument is composed of 12 vignettes to which women agreed or disagreed using a Likert-type scale. Content validity was ascertained by a group of Spanish-speaking health professionals, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of .96 was calculated for test-retest reliability. Women were also interviewed for demographic data, reproductive history, and experience with breastfeeding. Mean scores on the instrument revealed generally positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. Although recent evidence suggests that breastfeeding initiation has been decreasing in Hispanic women, more than 90% of the women in this sample stated that their intention was to breastfeed and felt that they were supported in their decision by significant others.
Uncovering the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Heart Development Using the Zebrafish

Over the past 20 years, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism for studying cardiac development. Its ability to survive without an active circulation and amenability to forward genetics has led to the identification of numerous mutants whose study has helped elucidate new mechanisms in cardiac development. Furthermore, its transparent, externally developing embryos have allowed detailed cellular analyses of heart development. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular processes involved in zebrafish heart development from progenitor specification to development of the valve and the conduction system. We focus on imaging studies that have uncovered the cellular bases of heart development and on zebrafish mutants with cardiac abnormalities whose study has revealed novel molecular pathways in cardiac cell specification and tissue morphogenesis.
A simple method for the calculation of π-bond orders in alternant hydrocarbons

A new method for the calculation of bond orders in alternant hydrocarbons is presented. The method requires a summation over the contributions of various superposition diagrams. Quantitatively, the method is almost as reliable as PPP, and due to its simplicity it can be used for fast and relatively accurate calculation of bond orders. In addition some simple rules are derived, which in many cases can be used to predict the signs of bond orders between nonbonded atoms.
Genome Diversity and Divergence in Drosophila mauritiana : Multiple Signatures of Faster X Evolution

Drosophila mauritiana is an Indian Ocean island endemic species that diverged from its two sister species, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila sechellia, approximately 240,000 years ago. Multiple forms of incomplete reproductive isolation have evolved among these species, including sexual, gametic, ecological, and intrinsic postzygotic barriers, with crosses among all three species conforming to Haldane’s rule: F1 hybrid males are sterile and F1 hybrid females are fertile. Extensive genetic resources and the fertility of hybrid females have made D. mauritiana, in particular, an important model for speciation genetics. Analyses between D. mauritiana and both of its siblings have shown that the X chromosome makes a disproportionate contribution to hybrid male sterility. But why the X plays a special role in the evolution of hybrid sterility in these, and other, species remains an unsolved problem. To complement functional genetic analyses, we have investigated the population genomics of D. mauritiana, giving special attention to differences between the X and the autosomes. We present a de novo genome assembly of D. mauritiana annotated with RNAseq data and a whole-genome analysis of polymorphism and divergence from ten individuals. Our analyses show that, relative to the autosomes, the X chromosome has reduced nucleotide diversity but elevated nucleotide divergence; an excess of recurrent adaptive evolution at its protein-coding genes; an excess of recent, strong selective sweeps; and a large excess of satellite DNA. Interestingly, one of two centimorgan-scale selective sweeps on the D. mauritiana X chromosome spans a region containing two sex-ratio meiotic drive elements and a high concentration of satellite DNA. Furthermore, genes with roles in reproduction and chromosome biology are enriched among genes that have histories of recurrent adaptive protein evolution. Together, these genome-wide analyses suggest that genetic conflict and frequent positive natural selection on the X chromosome have shaped the molecular evolutionary history of D. mauritiana, refining our understanding of the possible causes of the large X-effect in speciation.
4. Environmental Stress and Physiological Compensating Mechanisms in Fowl—Temperature and Respiratory Regulation

Abstract IN LIVING organisms those alterations which favor survival in a changed environment are said to be adaptive (Prosser, 1958) and while adaptation per se does not guarantee survival, the greater the extent of adaptation the more the living material will tend to survive and reproduce itself (Leake, 1964). Adaptation is not a single process but a syndrome and an organism’s adaptive ability depends on the mechanisms which regulate the internal state, its ability to “normalize” after resumption of a nonstress environment, the capability of behavioral adaptive patterns and finally, the ability to survive and continue ontogeny. Because the rates of development and the asymptotic values often differ among the various compensating mechanisms, correlations between them may be difficult and usually only by determining many parameters can one adequately estimate the results of adaptation. Two mechanisms, temperature and respiratory regulation, are examples of this multiparameter approach and show the capabilities of…
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in a breast clinic population: consideration for weight loss as a therapeutic intervention.

Abstract Background Obesity is an important risk factor for breast cancer and weight loss may be associated with a decreased risk for breast cancer and its recurrence. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and obesity-related co-morbidities in a breast health clinic population to determine the potential need for weight loss intervention. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of sequential patients seen at a breast health clinic from July 1 to December 31, 2011. Body mass index (BMI), reason for visit (breast cancer diagnosis, high risk for breast cancer, or benign condition), and presence of obesity-related co-morbidities were recorded. Results The 302 patients who met inclusion criteria had a median age of 52 years (10–91) and median BMI of 26 kg/m 2 (15.4–56.5). Overall, 36.8% of patients had a BMI between 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ; 32.1%, 25–29.9 kg/m 2 ; 14.2%, 30–34.9 kg/m 2 ; 8.3%, 35–39.9 kg/m 2 ; and 4.3%,≥40 kg/m 2 . Overweight or obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m 2 ) occurred in 64.2% of breast cancer, 65.0% of high-risk, and 57.1% of benign patients ( P value not significant). Criteria for bariatric surgery (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m 2 with≥1 obesity-related co-morbidity or BMI≥40 kg/m 2 ) were met in 8.2% of breast cancer, 16.7% of high-risk, and 11.5% of benign patients ( P value not significant). Conclusions Regardless of diagnosis, a significant proportion of patients visiting the breast health clinic meet criteria for weight loss intervention, including bariatric surgery. Weight management represents an underutilized therapeutic modality that could potentially decrease the risk of breast cancer and its recurrence, and improve overall prognosis.
Analysis of Multiple Trees on Path Discovery for Beacon-Based Routing Protocols

Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) has proved to be an extremely challenging research problem due to the high frequency of link changes in wireless mobile environments. Most known routing protocols struggle to maintain complex routing structures, e.g., N spanning trees, or use expensive (from the perspective of communications cost) methods for path discovery. These methods incur extreme communications costs in most MANET deployments. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a relatively unstudied class of routing protocols which we refer to as Beacon-Based Routing Protocols. This class of protocols maintain minimum routing structures and use these structures to boot strap path discovery. In a well defined sense, this class of routing protocols achieves optimal performance with respect to minimizing the communications costs associated with on-demand routing. We specifically investigate the impact of multiple tree implementations for path discovery and analyze their impact on the effectiveness of optimal path discovery.
Pathologic Quiz Case: A 44-Year-Old Woman With a Tubulovillous Adenoma of the Colon and Liver and Bone Lesions

44-year-old woman presented with progressive weakness and fatigue of several weeks’ duration, decreased appetite, nausea without vomiting, and a more than 20-lb weight loss. Colonoscopy revealed a soft, delicate, villous mass 14 cm from the anal verge. A biopsy specimen revealed a tubulovillous adenoma. Further workup revealed numerous hypodense areas in the liver and a solitary lesion in the left iliac bone. There was a nonobstructive, circumferential mass in the sigmoid colon. Computed tomography‐guided biopsy of the bone lesion produced a specimen that revealed a poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features that was positive for synaptophysin, keratin CAM 5.2, and keratin AE1/3 but negative for chromogranin, leukocyte common antigen/CD45, and vimentin. The patient’s symp
Case 1: A six-year-old with hyperactivity.

A six-year-old boy was referred to the child neurology clinic by his paediatrician for hyperactivity and aggressive behaviour that started a few months before presentation. His paediatrician attempted to modify his behaviour with stimulant medication. However, the family noted progressive worsening, with increasing distractibility in the classroom and marked irritability toward his siblings. His parents, as well as teachers, noted a decline in his academic performance in the first grade. The parents did not indicate any changes in their social situation and the family history was unremarkable for psychosis or bipolar disease. Physical examination revealed a tanned young boy in no pain or distress. On neurological examination, he was found to have a very short attention span, had difficulty reading from a grade-level reading word list and required frequent redirection. Mild increase in tone was noted in his lower extremities, with exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and positive Babinski sign bilaterally. His gait was awkward with short shuffling steps, and he could not walk in a tandem manner. His initial laboratory work-up included electrolyte levels and blood counts, which were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed the next day and indicated the likely diagnosis.
Simulation study of electric-guided delivery of 0.4μm monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols to the ostiomeatal complex

Despite the high prevalence of rhinosinusitis, current inhalation therapy shows limited efficacy due to extremely low drug delivery efficiency to the paranasal sinuses. Novel intranasal delivery systems are needed to enhance targeted delivery to the sinus with therapeutic dosages. An optimization framework for intranasal drug delivery was developed to target polydisperse charged aerosols to the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) with electric guidance. The delivery efficiency of a group of charged aerosols recently reported in the literature was numerically assessed and optimized in an anatomically accurate nose-sinus model. Key design variables included particle charge number, particle size and distribution, electrode strength, and inhalation velocity. Both monodisperse and polydisperse aerosol profiles were considered. Results showed that the OMC delivery efficiency was highly sensitive to the applied electric field and electrostatic charges carried by the particles. Through the synthesis of electric-guidance and point drug release, focused deposition with significantly enhanced dosage in the OMC can be achieved. For 0.4?m charged aerosols, an OMC delivery efficiency of 51.6% was predicted for monodisperse aerosols and 34.4% for polydisperse aerosols. This difference suggested that the aerosol profile exerted a notable effect on intranasal deliveries. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the OMC deposition fraction was highly sensitive to the charge and size of particles and was less sensitive to the inhalation velocity considered in this study. Experimental studies are needed to validate the numerically optimized designs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the targeted OMC delivery with both electric and acoustics controls, the latter of which has the potential to further deliver the drug particles into the sinus cavity. The performance of an intranasal delivery system targeting the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) was numerically evaluated in an image-based nose-sinus model for monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols.With the synergy of optimized point-release and electric control, an OMC delivery efficiency of 34.4% was predicted for the polydisperse charged aerosols.Sensitivity analysis showed that OMC deposition was highly sensitive to particle charge and size and less sensitive to the inhalation flow rate.Simulations showed significantly enhanced OMC dosage using the proposed delivery system than standard nasal devices.
Management of Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic fungal disease in immunocompromised patients and also may occur in normal hosts. Cryptococcal disease most frequently involves the lungs and central nervous system. Management remains controversial, especially in patients with life-threatening disease and those with underlying T-cell dysfunction due to AIDS, neoplasia, or corticosteroid therapy. While amphotericin B, usually in combination with flucytosine, generally is recommended as primary therapy for patients with severe forms of disease, especially cryptococcal meningitis, alternative treatment regimens have been developed or are under investigation. These include the use of an oral triazole alone (fluconazole or itraconazole), an all-oral combination of fluconazole and flucytosine, and a novel induction-consolidation regimen using several drugs. Patients with AIDS are at high risk of relapse; consequently, chronic maintenance therapy is indicated. For patients with cryptococcal meningitis who have hydrocephalus or other central nervous system complications, aggressive adjunctive measures such as ventricular shunting must be employed.
Reproductive Function in Dipodomys ordii Stimulated by 6-Methoxybenzoxazolinone

Etude de l'action de la 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA) sur l'uterus de D.o. au laboratoire et la reproduction sur le terrain. Le MBOA augmente la masse uterine en laboratoire et accroit le taux de reproduction sur le terrain
Time Traveling Dogs (and Other Native Feminist Ways to Defy Dislocations)

In this article, I analyze a painting by Modoc/Klamath artist Peggy Ball through a Native feminist reading methodology. The painting, Vanport, is named after a city that disappeared in a flood in 1948. The artist survived that flood, and displacement as did thousands of others. The painting is a rememory map of dislocations and hauntings and disappearances. The painting remaps gentrified dislocations, telling stories that focus on the relationship of the present to the past and the past to the future. The painting itself is a Native feminist practice. The travel to places gone, to places that will reappear again; by people gone as well as by people presently alive; into times that existed, that never existed, that will exist again; to times made contemporaneous by time traveling dogs; with people co-present through desire—at the heart of all this time travel is recognition and survivance.
“Hope’s Elevator”: Young Black Women and the Performance of Identity

Based on data collected from 12 young Black women, and the literary voice of Janie Crawford, Zora Neale Hurston’s 1937 protagonist in Their Eyes Were Watching God, Kelly Pryor creates an ethnodramatic script reflecting the perception, portrayal, and performance of hope. Reflectively acknowledging her role as ethnographer, Kelly Pryor creates this script by re(membering) narratives from the literary text and transcripts, while maintaining fidelity to each interlocutor’s words. Kelly Pryor uses this one-act play to demonstrate the Black female literary tradition is a space of transcendence that echoes social theory, further enabling her to explore the complex voices of identity and hope in contemporary qualitative inquiry. Creating a new genre of ethnodrama, a literary ethnodrama, Kelly Pryor concludes this experimental method further offers reader and author opportunities for envisioning a world in which art and science coexist to illuminate topics often neglected in empirical investigations.
Insight into Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Cardboard for Biofuels Production

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of cardboard was carried out in a 300 mL Parr batch reactor using 5 wt % Ni(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and NiCl2 in a temperature range of 225–300 °C for H2, biocrude, and bio-oil production. A slurry with cardboard to water weight ratio of 1:30, 1:10, 1:4, or 1:1.5 was loaded in the reactor and pressurized with N2 (40 or 200 psi). HTL was performed at various temperatures for 120 min. While HTL was in progress, gas samples were withdrawn periodically and analyzed by GC. The maximum H2 yield of 11.46 mL/g of cardboard was obtained using Ni(NO3)2 at 300 °C in 30 min. The percent liquefaction of biomass was quantified by TOC. The liquefaction yields were found to be dependent on reaction temperature, residence time, cardboard to water ratio, and operating pressure. The highest biocrude yield of 47.14% was observed at 275 °C in 30 min. Light bio-oil (LBO) and heavy bio-oil (HBO) were extracted by dichloromethane and acetone, respectively, and characterized by GC/MS and element...
TU-D-206-00: Body Tomosynthesis

The current use of tomosynthesis for musculo-skeletal, abdominal, and thoracic imaging will be considered in four sections: A. Current Practice (M. Bath) : The presently available systems for body tomosynthesis will be reviewed and the current diagnostic applications described. B. Image Features and artifacts (M. FLynn): The consequence of a limited angle linear acquisition scan on image features and artifacts will be explained. C. Radiation Dose (J. Sabol): The organ dose associated with common tomosynthesis protocols will be reported and compared to the dose for radiographic and computed tomography procedures. D. Acceptance testing and Quality Assurance (K. Jones): Recommended medical physics acceptance test will be described and appriate programs for quality assurance discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Learn how body tomosynthesis is currently being used in diagnostic radiology. 2.Understand how scan acquisitions can be designed to optimize image content and minimize artifacts. 3.Learn to radiation dose associated with common protocols. 4.Understand how to best evaluate a newly purchased tomosynthesis system. J. Sabol, Presenter is an employee of GE Healthcare.
Colorectal Cancer: Surveillance After Curative-Intent Therapy

There are more than 1.2 million people in the United States in survivorship care after curative resection of colorectal cancer. They face a lifetime of risk for cancer recurrence or metachronous colorectal cancer, yet there is little consensus on optimal approaches to surveillance. For patients willing and able to undergo surgical or medical therapy for recurrence, active, structured surveillance is recommended. This chapter discusses the content, supporting evidence, outcomes, and shortcomings of the major published guidelines for surveillance after curative resection for colorectal cancer.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary hepatic malignancies – Report of a phase I/II institutional study

Abstract Background and purpose To report outcomes and toxicities of a single-institution phase I/II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC). Materials and methods Patients with Child-Pugh score less than 8 were eligible. A total of 32 lesions in 26 patients were treated with SBRT. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Toxicities were graded by CTCAEv4 criteria and response was scored by EASL guidelines. Results Median prescribed dose was 55 Gy (range 40–55 Gy) delivered in 5 fractions. Mean tumor diameter was 5.0 cm and mean GTV was 107 cc. Median follow-up was 8.8 months with a median survival of 11.1 months, and one-year overall survival was 45%. Overall response rate was 42% and one-year local control was 91%. Nine patients experienced a decline in Child-Pugh class following treatment, and two grade 5 hepatic failure toxicities occurred during study follow-up. Conclusions Primary hepatic malignancies not amenable to surgical resection portend a poor prognosis, despite available treatment options. Though radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) is rare following SBRT, this study demonstrates a risk of hepatic failure despite adherence to protocol constraints.
Anti TNF-α therapy for ulcerative colitis: current status and prospects for the future

Introduction: Anti TNF-α agents have become a significant advance in the management of ulcerative colitis, proving to induce, with rapid onset, clinical and endoscopic remission. However, there is ...
Type II Secretion Is Necessary for Optimal Association of the Legionella-Containing Vacuole with Macrophage Rab1B but Enhances Intracellular Replication Mainly by Rab1B-Independent Mechanisms.

Previously, we documented that type II secretion (T2S) promotes intracellular infection of macrophages by Legionella pneumophila . Here, we identified infection events that are modulated by T2S, by comparing the behavior of wild-type and T2S mutant bacteria in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and human U937 cell macrophages. Although the two strains behaved similarly for entry into the host cells and evasion of lysosomal fusion, the mutant was impaired for the ability to initiate replication between 4 and 8 h post-entry and to grow to large numbers in the Legionella -containing vacuole (LCV) as evident at 12 h. At 4 h post-inoculation, mutant LCVs had significantly reduced association with Rab1B, a host GTPase that facilitates the tethering of ER-derived vesicles to LCVs. The mutant did not lose expression or translocation of six type IV secretion effectors (e.g., SidM) that are well-known for mediating Rab1B association with the LCV, indicating that T2S promotes the interaction between the LCV and Rab1B via a novel mechanism. Interestingly, the mutant9s growth defect was exacerbated in macrophages that had been depleted of Rab1B by shRNA treatment, indicating that T2S is also potentiating events beyond Rab1B. In support of this, a sidM lspF double mutant had an intracellular growth defect that was more dramatic than that of the lspF mutant (and a sidM mutant) and was as much as 400-fold when compared to wild type. Together, these data reveal a new role for T2S in intracellular infection that involves both Rab1B-dependent and Rab1B-independent processes.
Diel movement and home range estimation of Walleye (Sander vitreus) within a no-take urban fishery

ABSTRACTHome range, movement, and habitat use of Walleye (Sander vitreus) in Onondaga Lake, New York, were determined using active and passive tracking of ultrasonic-tagged Walleye during the summer and fall of 2010 and 2011. Active tracking included bimonthly location surveys of all resident fish and bimonthly 24-h tracking surveys of individuals. Passive tracking was conducted using stationary receivers that were placed in the outlet and major inlets. Walleye in Onondaga Lake exhibit nomadic characteristics with large hourly and daily movements and extensive home and core ranges. Fish moved significantly farther distances per hour and were suspended over deeper water during the evening than during the day. Walleye core and home ranges were concentrated in the northeastern two-thirds of the lake, and there was substantial use of the outlet throughout the summer and fall by a majority of the tagged Walleye. Our findings support the hypothesis that there is a resident population of Walleye within Onondaga ...
Outcomes in necrotizing soft tissue infections treated with therapeutic plasma exchange.

BACKGROUND Treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) includes prompt surgical debridement and antibiotics, but despite standard care, the morbidity and mortality remain high. Since therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been considered for treatment of severe sepsis, this study evaluates the efficacy of TPE for patients with NSTI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients with diagnosis of NSTI who received treatment with and without TPE over an 11-year period. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Fifty-two patients with NSTI treated with TPE (TPE group) and 125 patients with NSTI not treated with TPE (non-TPE group) were assessed. Nineteen (36.5%) patients died in the TPE group, and 35 (28%) patients died in the non-TPE group. Within the TPE group, there was significant improvement in white blood cell (WBC) count and sodium levels 7 days after TPE treatment, but no improvement in creatinine. Inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores was used to compare survival in the TPE and non-TPE groups and demonstrated that TPE was associated with an increased odds of death (odds ratio, 2.8). A second analysis matched for six variables yielded 31 pairs and demonstrated no significant difference in mortality or length of stay. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the largest series of patients with NSTIs treated with TPE and showed no evidence of clinical benefit. Further carefully designed studies with meaningful clinical endpoints would prove useful in assessing reproducibility and determining if there is a role for TPE in other forms of severe sepsis.
Operation of high-speed silicon photonic micro-disk modulators at cryogenic temperatures

Significant progress has been made in the field of silicon photonics over the past two decades. Silicon photonics provides substantial performance advantages in many data processing and transfer applications. Until now, the benefits of active silicon photonics in cryogenic systems have remained unexplored. Here we demonstrate the operation of a high-speed, CMOS compatible silicon micro-disk modulator transmitting data at rates up to 10 Gb/s and at temperatures down to 4.8 K. This opens the door for the use of silicon photonics as an interface to low temperature, bandwidth intensive systems such as high-performance superconducting-based computing and integrated quantum optics circuits interfacing to superconducting single-photon detectors.
Cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (CF) versus carboplatin/paclitaxel (CT) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC).

140Background: Disease control and survival outcomes for LAEC are poor despite multimodality treatment with CRT with or without esophagectomy. Without comparative trial data, oncologists select a chemotherapy regimen based on clinical experience and toxicity profile. The present investigation compares LAEC progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for CF versus CT. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with LAEC from 2003-2012, treated with curative-intent neoadjuvant or definitive concurrent CRT with either CF or CT. Chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and t-tests were used to identify significant differences between treatment groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate PFS and OS. Results: Of 149 patients with non-metastatic LAEC, 82 met inclusion criteria (n=38 CF, n=44 CT), with 63, 2, and 2 excluded for non-CF/CT CRT, missing data, and <1 month follow-up, respectively. Treatment groups were well balanced, excepting fewer females, lower prior cancer...
A warm-season comparison of WRF coupled to the CLM4.0, Noah-MP, and Bucket hydrology land surface schemes over the central USA

In climate modeling studies, there is a need to choose a suitable land surface model (LSM) while adhering to available resources. In this study, the viability of three LSM options (Community Land Model version 4.0 [CLM4.0], Noah-MP, and the five-layer thermal diffusion [Bucket] scheme) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.6 (WRF3.6) was examined for the warm season in a domain centered on the central USA. Model output was compared to Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data, a gridded observational dataset including mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation. Model output temperature, precipitation, latent heat (LH) flux, sensible heat (SH) flux, and soil water content (SWC) were compared to observations from sites in the Central and Southern Great Plains region. An overall warm bias was found in CLM4.0 and Noah-MP, with a cool bias of larger magnitude in the Bucket model. These three LSMs produced similar patterns of wet and dry biases. Model output of SWC and LH/SH fluxes were compared to observations, and did not show a consistent bias. Both sophisticated LSMs appear to be viable options for simulating the effects of land use change in the central USA.
Effective Sampling From Social Media Sites and Search Engines for Web Surveys: Demographic and Data Quality Differences in Surveys of Google and Facebook Users

With proliferation of web surveys, the relative affordability of recruitment, and increasing nonresponse in other survey modes, nonprobability methods are increasingly being considered by researche...
Emulation and Prototyping Of Digital Systems

Two major trends in the VLSI chip design industry are the increase in system complexity and the increasing importance of short design times. The rise in chip complexity is motivated by consumer demand for higher performance products as well as increases in integration density which allow more functionality to be placed on a single chip. A consequence of this rise in complexity is an increasingly apparent chip validation bottleneck. Validation is a simulation intensive task and simulation time scales as the square of the increase in system complexity [9, 7]. Currently, complex VLSI chips take millions of hours of simulation to verify. Short design times are important because once a chip has been conceived there is a limited time window in which to bring the chip to market so that it will have competitive performance. For a new chip or system to be competitive when it reaches the marketplace, its performance must match the performance growth of the rest of the industry. This means that a complex chip that takes too long to design might miss its market window and by the time it reaches the market its performance will be uncompetitive. To reduce design time, system design bottlenecks need to be removed. System emulation and prototyping technology can play an important role in relieving the simulation bottleneck and managing system complexity.
High-resolution visualization of flow velocities near frac-tips and flow interference of multi-fracked Eagle Ford wells, Brazos County, Texas

Abstract This study outlines a workflow that combines reservoir characterization and decline curve-based production analysis with a physics-based drainage model that quantifies where fluid is drained from, based on the fracture treatment architecture. Decline curve analysis, applied to production data from four multi-fracked wells in the Eagle Ford formation (Brazos County, East Texas), provides forecasts for the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). About 50% of EUR is realized in the first 1000 days (∼3 years) of the well-life. The drainage model shows where in the reservoir the produced fluid is actually drained from, based on the estimated reservoir parameters. This study includes several fundamental assessments of factors that may impact any drainage model, such as (1) the pressure front propagation time responsible for the depth of investigation, (2) pressure effects due to up-scaling of fracture patterns into a reduced number of fractures, and (3) interaction of fluid velocity patterns with pressure depletion zones. The drainage model for the Eagle Ford wells in our case study suggests that the first generation of hydraulic fractures recovers less than 1% of the original oil in place. With recovery factors so low, a repetitive schedule of periodic refracking the wells - provided the first refracks prove successful - is highly recommended.
Evaluation of vetiver oil and seven insect-active essential oils against the Formosan subterranean termite.

Repellency and toxicity of 8 essential oils (vetiver grass, cassia leaf, clove bud, cedarwood, Eucalyptus globules,Eucalyptus citrodora, lemongrass and geranium) were evaluated against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Vetiver oil proved the most effective repellent because of its long-lasting activity. Clove bud was the most toxic, killing 100% of termites in 2 days at 50 μg/cm2. The tunneling response of termites to vetiver oil also was examined. Vetiver oil decreased termite tunneling activity at concentrations as low as 5 μg/g sand. Tunneling and paper consumption were not observed when vetiver oil concentrations were higher than 25 μg/g sand. Bioactivity of the 8 oils against termites and chemical volatility were inversely associated. Listed in decreasing order of volatility, the major constituents of the 8 oils were: eucalyptol, citronellal, citral, citronellol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, thujopsene, and both α- and β- vetivone. Vetiver oil is a promising novel termiticide with reduced environmental impact for use against subterranean termites.
Theology, Evolution, and the Figural Imagination: Teilhard de Chardin and His Theological Critics:

Teilhard de Chardin has been criticized by both Roman Catholic (Etienne Gilson, Jacques Maritain, and Dietrich von Hildebrand) and Protestant (David Lane and Jurgen Moltmann) theologians for allege...
{beta}-K{sub 4}La{sub 6}I{sub 14}Os: A new structure type for rare-earth-metal cluster compounds that contains discrete tetrahedral K{sub 4}I{sup 3+} units

Suitable reactions of KI, La, LaI{sub 3}, and Os in niobium tubes at 800--850 C result in black, air- and moisture-sensitive crystals of the quaternary title phase. Isostructural K{sub 4}Pr{sub 6}I{sub 14}Z also exist for Z = Fe, Ru. The title phase was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (tetragonal, P4/ncc (No. 130), Z = 4; a = 13.117(3), c = 25.17(1) {angstrom} at 23 C). The important structural feature is the constitution (K{sub 4}I){sup 3+}(La{sub 6}I{sub 13}Os{sup 3{minus}}) with a new type of 3D anion network of [(La{sub 6}Os)I{sub 8}{sup i}I{sub 4/2}{sup i{minus}a}I{sub 4/2}{sup a{minus}i}I{sub 2/2}{sup a{minus}a}] clusters that are connected into puckered layers through I{sup i{minus}a} and I{sup a{minus}i} atom pairs that bridge diagonally in the a-b plane. These cluster layers are further interlinked along {rvec c} at trans-vertexes through simple bridging I{sup a{minus}a}. The 14th iodine atom occurs in the unique K{sub 4}I{sup 3+} ions which lie in columns that interpenetrate the La{sub 6}OsI{sub 13} network along c. The present 16-e{sup {minus}} clusters, in contrast with the optimal 18-e{sup {minus}} octahedral cluster configuration, exhibit an uncommon tetragonal elongation and evidently become closed shell, with only a small temperature-independent (van Vleck-like) paramagnetism, {approximately}4 x 10{sup {minus}4} emu mol{sup {minus}1}.
Penetration and excretion of effective ethoxychlor analogs in DDT-resistant and susceptible houseflies

The penetration and excretion of six3Hring substituted ethoxychlor analogs with altered aliphatic moieties (isobutane, dichloroethane, chloropropane, dichloropropane, nitropropane and neopentane) and14Cp,p′DDT were examined in susceptible and DDT-resistant strains of houseflyMusca domestica Linnaeus. Within 24 hr, more than 85% of the applied dose of tested analogs penetrated into both strains except the nitropropane analog and there was no correlation between the rate of penetration and their toxicities to houseflies. The isobutane, chloropropane, and dichloroethane were eliminated rapidly (55 to 65% in 24 hr). Only 10 to 40% of the other analogs were excreted in 24 hr. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of excretory products in feces indicated that chloroalkane analogs were primarily metabolized to corresponding dehydrochlorinated products. The isobutane, nitropropane, and neopentane were oxidized to benzophenones. There was a strong correlation between the Taft (6*) values for the aliphatic moieties of ethoxychlor analogs and LD50 resistant/susceptible houseflies (R/S ratio). The results indicate that rates and extent of metabolism resulting in detoxication of these analogs play an important role in their toxicity to DDT-resistant houseflies.
FP17 Changes in Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior After Implementation of Serving Up MyPlate and Vegetable Taste Tests

Objective Improve student nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and consumption of legumes, dark green, and red/orange vegetables after implementation of nutrition education and taste test activities in the classroom. Description The Wisconsin Team Nutrition program works to promote nutrition education in schools to create environments that are conducive to the development of healthy behaviors related to food and nutrition. In an effort to increase nutrition knowledge and positively influence dietary habits of students, Wisconsin Team Nutrition provided funding to ten schools to implement nutrition education and taste testing activities in third and fourth grade classrooms. Students were taught using the We Are What We Eat lessons from the United States Department of Agriculture Team Nutrition's Serving Up MyPlate: A Yummy Curriculum and tasted recipes containing foods from the dark green, red/orange, and legume subgroups. Evaluation Surveys were used to measure changes in students’ nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Electronic surveys were distributed to participating classes with instructions to complete before and after implementation of the nutrition education lessons and taste testing activities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze pre versus post nutrition education changes in students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Conclusion and Implications Incorporating nutrition education and taste testing activities improved students’ attitudes towards legumes and increased self-reported consumption of dark green vegetables. In addition, students demonstrated an increase in nutrition knowledge between pre-survey and post-survey. Results support the implementation of nutrition education and/or taste testing activities in the classroom to improve student nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Future interventions should investigate the impact between nutrition education with and without taste testing. Grant Year 2016
Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Injection

Derived from the paradigm of regional anesthesia and analgesia and initially performed and pioneered by anesthesiologists, lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) are one of the most common interventions in the realm of pain medicine, which is unsurprising given that back and leg pain is one of the most common presenting complaints. This elective procedure is performed in an outpatient operating room setting, by appropriately trained physicians under fluoroscopic guidance to maximize efficacy and prevent complications. This chapter offers the pain management physician key information needed to safely and effectively perform this intervention.
Prevalence of Ototoxicity Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

ABSTRACT The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is increasing for a variety of diseases. Ototoxicity from this procedure has not been extensively studied. A retrospective chart review examined 275 patients from this institution who underwent HSCT between January 1, 2007, and April 30, 2017. Data extracted included therapy before HSCT and the subsequent course of transplantation. Evaluable patients had complete medical records and interpretable audiograms available. Ototoxicity constituted significant threshold changes from baseline or changes in International Society of Pediatric Oncology/Boston Ototoxicity Grading Scale (SIOP) grade comparing audiogram results just before HSCT with those following the transplantation procedure. A total of 147 patients were evaluable. Ototoxicity was observed in 10.2% of the patients. Higher SIOP grade before HSCT was significantly associated with a higher risk of post-transplantation ototoxicity (P
Unexpected high-risk pathologic features following thyroidectomy in the chinese immigrant population.

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of unexpected high-risk pathologic features between Chinese and non-Asian patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic urban medical center. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma from 2015 to 2017 were included. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and tumor histopathology were analyzed. Primary outcome was the presence of adverse histopathologic features such as lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or microscopic/minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE). Differences between the groups were analyzed using multivariate logistical regression analysis and propensity score-weighted analysis. RESULTS One hundred seventy-nine patients were included: 58 Chinese-born and 121 non-Asian. The median age of the cohort was 47 years old (36-58). Twenty-nine percent of patients were male, and 71% were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in rates of LVI, multifocality, extent of surgery, or presence of thyroiditis. Patients with mETE were more likely to have larger tumors (P = 0.00247). Both the multivariate and propensity-weighted models demonstrated that Chinese ancestry was independently associated with an increased rate of unexpected mETE (adjusted prevalence ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.82-3.48). CONCLUSION mETE is significantly higher in the immigrant Chinese compared to the non-Asian population. Given the high prevalence of unexpected mETE in the Chinese population, the added risk of this finding should be brought into the discussion during initial surgical planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 130:1844-1849, 2020.
Epidemiology of bulimia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa has been the focus of considerable attention in both the scientific and popular literature since 1980 when it was introduced as a diagnostic entity in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1980). Among the cardinal features of bulimia nervosa are cyclical episodes of bingeing and purging (the latter including self-induced vomiting), laxatives, diuretics, and strict dieting or fasting to counteract the weight gain associated with excessive caloric consumption. Central to this disorder are the feelings of loss of control over eating during a binge and a persistent overconcern with weight and shape (APA, 1987).
Limbic encephalitis associated with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis.

Abstract Introduction Limbic encephalitis represents an autoimmune disorder that is commonly associated with malignancies. It is also seen in association with infectious or systemic autoimmune diseases. The literature reports two case reports of limbic encephalitis associated with tuberculosis. Case Report We report the case of a 42 year-old male referred to our clinic for a non-resolving pneumonia. He was found to have a limbic encephalitis associated with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. The diagnosis was made on a needle aspirate from a mediastinal lymph node obtained through endobronchial ultrasound. A paradoxical radiological progression was noted during therapy. He was successfully treated by anti-tuberculous drugs with clinical and radiological improvement. Conclusion Limbic encephalitis is associated with tuberculosis and should be included as part of the central nervous system involvement with tuberculosis. Endobronchial ultrasound has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Coherent Communication Systems

In this chapter, we outline the modern coherent communication formats and how they are realized. These coherent communication formats enable long-distance and high-speed transmission. We also discuss the sources of noise in optical communication systems and the relationship between signal to noise, bit error rate, and communication format.