cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conducting Molecular Nanomagnet of DyIII with Partially Charged TCNQ Radicals.

Bifunctional electrically conducting single-molecule magnets are highly promising platforms for non-volatile memory devices and quantum computing applications. The development of these molecular materials, however, has largely been hindered by the lack of straightforward synthetic methods. Herein a facile and modular approach is demonstrated for the realization of bifunctional materials that does not require electrochemical or chemical oxidation to obtain partially charged organic radicals. Magnetic and electrical conductivity studies reveal that the DyIII compound exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization between 5.0–8.0 K and semiconducting behavior over the range 180–350 K. DC magnetic fields have been found to suppress the quantum tunneling of the magnetization and affect the spin-canted antiferromagnetic interactions.
Abstract TP101: CaMKII Reverts After Stem Cell Treatment in Ischemic Stroke

Background: Loss of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) after ischemic stroke exacerbates cell death by sensitizing vulnerable neurons to excitotoxic glutamate signaling and inducing ne...
Ex vivo hepatocyte-directed gene therapy

The liver has emerged as a prime target organ for the evolving field of somatic cell gene therapy because of the many inherited and acquired diseases that require innovative treatment [l–2]. Ex vivo gene therapy was the initial strategy used to achieve correction of inherited defects by the introduction of adenosine deaminase into the bone marrow of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency [3]. Using this approach, autologous target cells are harvested from a donor, genetically modified in vitro, and then transplanted back into the host. This is the strategy which will be discussed in detail in this chapter. For example, in the bone marrow, pluripotent stem cells have been genetically modified and then induced to proliferate after being returned to the host [4]. Early excitement for liver-directed applications of the ex vivo approach subsided with the realisation that hepatocyte transduction was inefficient, with expression of the genetically modified vector DNA occurring only rarely. A number of new and innovative methods to enhance transgene integration and engraftment of transduced hepatocytes are currently being studied. In this chapter, we will review the work that has led to present hepatic gene therapy protocols, primarily in the context of an ex vivo approach. We will review both the delivery systems that are currently most promising and the vectors that are likely to arise from this technology.
Structure and function of C3a anaphylatoxin.

The C3a molecule is one of three activation fragments from the complement cascade, a family of factors that include C3a, C4a, and C5a. Early recognition that more than one bio active fragment was generated during complement activation cascade must be credited to COCHRANE and MULLER-EBERHARD (1968) and to DIAS DA SILVA et al. (1967). These investigators were the first to use purified components of human complement to demonstrate, and then to characterize, the activation fragment from C3. In previous studies complement was activated in serum, and the bioassays that were used detected only the factor C5a (actually C5adesArg). DIAS DA SILVA et al. realized, even using purified components of the complement C1 esterase, C4, C2, and C3, that the anaphylatoxin released from C3 was not stablized unless the digest was acidified to pH 2-5, according to earlier observations of STEGEMANN et al. (1964). Later work by BOKISCH and MuLLER-EBERHARD (1970) would explain why the acid treatment was successful. Acidification presumably prevented residual carboxypeptidase (serum carboxypeptide N) in the isolates from removing an essential C-terminal arginine and inactivating the newly formed C3a anaphylatoxin. It was this lability of C3a bioactivity in serum that had prevented its discovery prior to isolation and activation of the purified components. These investigators went on to separate an active principal from the larger protein components in the reconstituted C3—C3 convertase system by gel filtration. They demonstrated that the lower molecular weight factor: (a) induced smooth-muscle contraction and was tachyphylactic to itself but not cross-tachyphylactic to the C5-derived anaphylatoxin; (b) enhanced vascular permeability when injected into skin; (c) degranulated guinea pig ileal mast cells; and (d) promoted histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. DIAS DA SILVA’S group originally termed the active fragment F(a)C3, i.e., activation (a) fragment from the third component of complement. COCHRANE and MuLLER-EBERHARD identified the fragment as the C3 anaphylatoxin, assuming it to be an analog to the “classical” C5a anaphylatoxin. We will refer to the fragment here primarily as C3a because the biologic action of the factor is not anaphylactoid in nature, and anaphylatoxin is functionally an inaccurate designation. However, the recognized nomenclature from common usage still refers to fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a collectively as anaphylatoxins.
Finite and Eternal Being

In previous chapters, Edith Stein has been seen as a philosopher of consciousness, reflecting on and analyzing the inner world as well as the outer world of human beings. It has been apparent that she broke out of the limiting confines of Husserlian phenomenology to explore the unlimited horizon of metaphysical inquiry —inquiry which was off-limits for Husserl’s “rigorous science.” Since Husserl, a number of philosophers of the phenomenological school have not rejected the problematic of God, and questions related to religious experience are engaging many other contemporary philosophers who show definite phenomenological trends.1
Intracellular sensors of immunity and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

In recent years there has been a much greater understanding of the several different types of intracellular sensors that recognize both pathogen-derived (non-self) and ‘self’ substances that have danger-associated molecular patterns. These sensors trigger divergent signaling pathways that activate innate immunity and shape adaptive immune responses. The intracellular sensors include those that directly initiate immune responses and those that indirectly modulate immunity by sensing metabolic perturbations. Most intracellular sensors typically recognize various forms of nucleic acids, i.e. ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA and dsRNA acids, irrespective of their endogenous or exogenous origins. Several families of these sensors, including certain TLRs, Nod-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) have been identified in recent years. The metabolic sensors include the mTOR, HDAC enzymes – sirtuins and the inflammasomes. To date, amongst the intracellular TLR sensors, a role for TLR 7/8, 9 and 3 have been demonstrated in the regulation of allo-responses after BMT. Nod2 has been shown to be associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). No specific impact has been suggested for inflammasomes. The role of metabolic sensors has been clearly demonstrated in both experimental and clinical BMT through modulation of mTOR pathways. Much remains to be understood about the role of these sensors and specific cellular subsets in regulating allogeneic responses. Furthermore, there is burgeoning evidence that allo-responses and inflammation induce metabolic changes (amino acid, glucose metabolism) that can further perpetuate or mitigate the immune responses. Understanding the role of the intracellular sensors will refine our understanding of allo-immunity and could potentially lead to newer therapeutic approaches for mitigating GVHD.
Online Help: Design Issues for Authoring Systems

Computer-based instruction (CBI) has been heralded as an educational panacea since the early applications of the 1950s. Many believed that computers would see widespread instructional use, presenting high quality educational materials with pacing and feedback geared to the individual student. In fact, CBI has not been so widely used. At first it seemed that the high cost of computer systems prevented users from investing in CBI. In recent years, however, hardware costs have dropped dramatically and microcomputers have invaded homes, schools, and businesses. Users are exploiting computer resources for database management, accounting, and word processing. But they are still not using the computer as an educational tool, except perhaps for general “computer literacy” instruction. In a recent survey of Texas Instruments and IBM microcomputer users, for example, not one person indicated that he or she used educational software (Duffy & Kelly, 1985). Publishers still consider educational software to be a high risk investment. Even in the American military, where much of the basic research on CBI has been conducted, computers seldom see active duty in the classroom.
Pawangs on the Frontier: Miracles, prophets, and divinities in the ricefields of modern Malaya

This article unearths two Jawi manuscripts pertaining to Muslim miracle-workers, or pawangs, who were key intermediaries of agrarian change in the interior of modern Malaya. These compendia of frontier patois are analysed to recount a history of rice worlds and environments wherein forest clearing and rice cultivation were directly associated with the Islamic esoteric science (ilmu) of pawangs. As professional miracle-workers, pawangs were employed to spearhead a broad range of socio-economic activities in western Malaya. As pivots of cults joined by Malay peasants, pawangs were venerated as heirs of agrarian prophets and saints from earlier Islamic periods, and esteemed for their fertility rituals and miracles in contemporary forests and ricefields. This article analyses the elaborate Islamic genealogies of pawangs and popular historical traditions that were recorded in these texts, and investigates how these documents were informative about the religio-economic sensibilities of cultivators. This article also pays particular attention to how pawangs negotiated with a variety of Islamic and African spirits in Malayan forests, to lead forest clearing and rice production and to mobilize labourers. It further presents explorations into the social and spiritual cosmopolitanism of pawangs and peasants upon the modern Malay frontier, whose labour and connected histories are yet to be written.
Use of a two-class model to analyze applications and barriers to the use of virtual reality by people with disabilities

In analyzing virtual reality applications to examine access issues for people with disabilities, it is useful to separate those applications where the virtual reality VR presentation is used as a metaphor from those where the mode of presentation is inherently tied to, or restricted by, the information being presented. In the case where VR is being used only as a metaphor, it is often possible to provide access even to individuals with severe physical, cognitive, and sensory impairments by providing a display/control via an alternate mechanism in parallel with the VR metaphor. This type of parallel display/control strategy is not available when the presentation is inherently tied to the information being presented. For both types of applications, however, the application of virtual altered realities VAR can be used to either transpose or enhance the presentation of information in order to facilitate its perception and manipulation by people with varying physical, cognitive, and sensory abilities. This paper presents the strategies underlying these two approaches as well as providing examples of ways the strategies can be used to increase the accessibility and useability of virtual reality by people with disabilities.
Stripe antiferromagnetism and disorder in the Mott insulator NaFe 1 − x Cu x As ( x ≲ 0.5 )

Neutron scattering measurements have demonstrated that the heavily Cu doped ${\mathrm{NaFe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ compound behaves like a Mott insulator exhibiting both real-space Fe-Cu stripes and antiferromagnetism below a N\'eel temperature for $x\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5$. We have investigated the evolution of structural and magnetic ordering using $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ and $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ NMR for single crystals ($x$ = 0.39 and 0.48), confirming antiferromagnetism in the form of magnetic stripes. We show that end-chain defects in these stripes are the principal source of magnetic disorder and are responsible for cluster spin-glass transitions in both compounds, in the latter case coexistent with antiferromagnetism. Aided by our numerical simulation of the $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ spectra, we show that a staggered magnetization at the Fe sites is induced by nonmagnetic Cu dopants.
Cognitive and neuropsychological examination of the elderly

Neuropsychological assessment plays a prominent role in the evaluation and care of patients with neurodegenerative diseases throughout the dynamic course of disease. As a biomarker of disease, neuropsychological measurement can distinguish normal from pathologic aging processes. Further, neuropsychological data can help distinguish and classify underlying pathologies in dementing diseases, augmenting imaging and biofluid markers in this area. Neuropsychological data can predict increased or reduced risk for dementia conferred by multiple factors, and describe disease trajectory in affected individuals. Cognitive evaluation can also estimate and address functional outcomes that are most important to patients and their loved ones and that are clinically relevant to diagnostic staging. In informing intervention and patient care needs, areas of cognitive weakness highlight targets for support/intervention, while areas of cognitive strength can be capitalized upon to modify the clinical course of disease. These functions can be accomplished through the complementary use of brief screening tools and comprehensive test batteries. However, for neuropsychological data to serve these functions, it is critical to understand neuropsychological test properties and nondisease factors that can account for variance in test performance. This chapter concludes with directions for future research.
Health Literacy and Self-Rated Health among Homeless Adults

Poor health literacy reduces the efficacy of behavior change interventions, hampers management of health conditions, and attenuates understanding of the prevention and treatment of diseases. Poor health literacy has also been linked to fair/poor self-rated health in domiciled samples; however, there is a paucity of studies on the relation amongst homeless adults, who bear a disproportionate burden of disease and disability and require high level of care and access to health services. Here, we examined the association between health literacy and self-rated health among a convenience sample of homeless adults. Participants were recruited from six homeless-serving agencies in Oklahoma City (N = 575; 63% men, Mage = 43.6±12.3). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between health literacy (confidence completing medical forms: extremely/quite a bit vs somewhat/little bit/not at all) and self-rated health (poor/fair vs good/very good/excellent) controlling for age, subjective social status, education, race, sex, income, health insurance, employment, social security recipient status, diabetes diagnosis, high blood pressure diagnosis, and high cholesterol diagnosis. In the adjusted model, health literate homeless individuals had greater odds of endorsing good/very good/excellent self-rated health compared to those somewhat/a little bit/not at all confident completing medical forms (AOR = 2.02, [CI95% = 1.35-3.02]). Interventions targeted at adjusting reading level and comprehensibility of health information are needed for homeless individuals with poor/limited health literacy, which may ultimately impact their self-rated health. Shelters and homeless-serving agencies could host classes focused on practical skills for enhancing health literacy and/or provide navigation services.
Electrically Active Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Harvey (2017)

AbstractRecent research has found that diurnal pulses are ubiquitous features of tropical cyclones. To gain further insight into the characteristics of these pulses, a case study of an electrically...
Challenges of third-trimester screening in obese women

Abstract Impaired visualization, as a result of excess adipose tissue, has resulted in technical challenges when performing third-trimester screening for fetal growth and well-being in obese gravida. It has been shown that an increase in body mass index is significantly associated with decreased clinical and sonographic fetal weight accuracy at or near term. Efforts to improve accuracy in this patient population include the utilization of improved transducer technology, patient repositioning, and sonographic prediction models to estimate fetal weight remote from term. Nevertheless, there remains limited data evaluating the impact of such limited clinical and sonographic accuracies on maternal and neonatal outcomes. As a result, the clinical utility of routine third-trimester ultrasound in obese gravida is uncertain and warrants further investigation.
Association of Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms With Mortality in Women.

Importance Consistent evidence has found associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and increased risk of chronic disease and greater prevalence of health risk factors. However, the association between PTSD and all-cause mortality has not been thoroughly investigated in civilians. Objective To investigate the association between PTSD symptoms, with or without comorbid depressive symptoms, and risk of death. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study was conducted using data on female US nurses in the Nurses’ Health Study II followed up from 2008 to 2017. Women who responded to a 2008 questionnaire querying PTSD and depressive symptoms were included. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to November 2020. Exposures Symptoms of PTSD, measured using the short screening scale forDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fourth Edition) PTSD, and depression symptoms, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–10 in 2008. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality was determined via National Death Index, US Postal Service, or report of participant’s family. The hypothesis being tested was formulated after data collection. Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were jointly coded as no trauma exposure (reference), trauma and no PTSD symptoms, 1 to 3 PTSD symptoms (subclinical), 4 to 5 PTSD symptoms (moderate), and 6 to 7 PTSD symptoms (high). Results Among 51 602 women (50 137 [97.2%] White individuals), the mean (range) age was 53.3 (43-64) years at study baseline in 2008. PTSD and probable depression were comorbid; of 4019 women with high PTSD symptoms, 2093 women (52.1%) had probable depression, while of 10 105 women with no trauma exposure, 1215 women (12.0%) had probable depression. Women with high PTSD symptoms and probable depression were at nearly 4-fold greater risk of death compared with women with no trauma exposure and no depression (hazard ratio [HR], 3.80; 95% CI, 2.65-5.45;P Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that at midlife, women with high PTSD symptoms and co-occurring probable depression are at increased risk of death compared with women without these disorders. Treatment of PTSD and depression in women with symptoms of both disorders and efforts to improve their health behaviors may reduce their increased risk of mortality.
Sagittal spinopelvic changes after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Abstract Purpose This article examines if longer posterior spinal fusions with instrumentation (PSFI) into the lumbar spine (L3/4) alter spinopelvic parameters compared with selective fusions to T1...
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Treatment of Non-Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Related Chronic Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review.

Background While the majority of indications and approvals for dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) are for the refractory management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), emerging evidence has suggested that DRGS may be favorably used for a plethora of other chronic pain phenomena. Consequently, we aimed to characterize the use and efficacy of DRGS for these non-CRPS-related chronic pain syndromes. Materials and methods A systematic review of clinical studies demonstrating the use of DRGS for non-CRPS-related chronic pain syndromes. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL plus across August and September 2020. Results A total of 28 reports comprising 354 total patients were included in the analysis. Of the chronic pain syndromes presented, axial low back pain, chronic pelvic and groin pain, other peripheral neuropathies, and studies with multiple concomitant pain syndromes, a majority demonstrated >50% mean pain reduction at the time of last follow-up following DRGS. Physical function, quality of life (QOL), and lesser pain medication usage also were repeatedly reported to be significantly improved. Conclusions DRGS continues to lack supportive evidence from well designed, high level studies and recommendations from consensus committee experts. However, we present repeated and consistent evidence from lower level studies showing success with the use of DRGS for various non-CRPS chronic pain syndromes in reducing pain along with increasing function and QOL from one week to three years. Due to such low-level, high bias evidence, we strongly encourage the continuation of high-level studies in order to provide a stronger foundation for the use of DRGS in non-CRPS chronic pain patients. However, it may be reasonable and appropriate to evaluate patients for DRGS candidacy on a case-by-case basis particularly if they manifest focal pain syndromes refractory to noninterventional measures and may not be ideal candidates for other forms of neuromodulation.
Augmented Normalized Difference Water Index for improved surface water monitoring

Abstract We present a comprehensive critical review of well-established satellite remote sensing water indices and offer a novel, robust Augmented Normalized Difference Water Index (ANDWI). ANDWI employs an expanded set of spectral bands, RGB, NIR, and SWIR1-2, to maximize the contrast between water and non-water pixels. Further, we implement a dynamic thresholding method, the Otsu algorithm, to enhance ANDWI's performance. Applied to a variety of environmental conditions, ANDWI with Otsu-thresholding offered the highest overall accuracy (accuracy = 0.98, F1 = 0.98, and Kappa = 0.96) compared to other indices (NDWI, MNDWI, AWEI, WI). We also propose a novel cloud filtering algorithm that substantially increases the number of useable images compared to the conventional cloud-free composites (124% increased observations in the studied area) and resolves inappropriate masking of water bodies and hot sands as clouds by conventional methods. Finally, we develop a Google Earth Engine App to readily delineate 16-day surface water bodies across the globe.
Improving Query Graph Generation for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base

Most of the existing Knowledge-based Question Answering (KBQA) methods first learn to map the given question to a query graph, and then convert the graph to an executable query to find the answer. The query graph is typically expanded progressively from the topic entity based on a sequence prediction model. In this paper, we propose a new solution to query graph generation that works in the opposite manner: we start with the entire knowledge base and gradually shrink it to the desired query graph. This approach improves both the efficiency and the accuracy of query graph generation, especially for complex multi-hop questions. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on ComplexWebQuestion (CWQ) dataset.
Introduction/General Considerations

The adrenergic (or sympathetic) branch of the autonomic nervous system plays an integral role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Although not essential for life (as the cholinergic or parasympathetic nervous system is), the adrenergic nervous system (ANS) is evolutionarily selected to prepare the cardiovascular system of mammals, so that the whole organism can orchestrate a whole-body response to an acute stress condition (the so-called fight or flight response). Thus, cardiovascular ANS activation results in increased cardiac function (stronger and more frequent contraction to pump more blood to the periphery), constriction of cutaneous or subcutaneous (body surface) vessels, and dilatation of skeletal muscle and renal vessels, so that more blood gets sequestered from the periphery into the central circulation, thereby increasing venous blood return to the heart (which also increases cardiac function via the Frank–Starling mechanism) in order for more blood to be pumped out upon the next cardiac contraction. These ANS effects, in conjunction with its effects in other organ systems (e.g., bronchodilatation in the lungs), prime the cardiovascular system for participation in the whole body’s response to a stressful stimulus. In pathological conditions, however, the cardiovascular ANS gets aberrantly and chronically activated, contributing significantly to the morbidity and the mortality of almost every chronic cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, angina pectoris (coronary artery disease), and hypertension. This introductory chapter discusses some of the basic principles of ANS biology and function in the mammalian cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels).
Epibiont communities; recruitment and competition on North American Carboniferous brachiopods

Shell-encrusting assemblages have uniquely high ecological fidelity among paleocommunities because adjacent epibionts coexisted in ecological time, and the abundances and spatial relationships of the various members are accurately preserved. This study presents a quantitative reconstruction of communities on brachiopod shells (Composita and alate spirifers) from the Carboniferous of North America. Thirty-one epibiont communities, comprised of a total of 1180 encrusted brachiopods, are analyzed in terms of epibiont abundance (e.g., percent areal cover), ecological diversity (e.g., Shannon-Wiener Index), and the role of larval recruitment and spatial competition in structuring the communities.Mississippian epibiont communities contain from seven to 14 encrusting taxa that occupy up to 25 percent of host shell surfaces. These communities are spatially dominated by trepostome bryozoans, but also include common lower Paleozoic epibionts, such as encrusting ctenostome bryozoans, hederellids, cornulitids, and edrioasteroids. Pennsylvanian epibiont communities contain between eight and 16 epizoan taxa that occupy up to 34 percent of shell surfaces. They are dominated by fistuliporoid or trepostome bryozoans and increasing proportions of erect bryozoans (e.g., fenestellids), encrusting foraminiferans, and articulate brachiopods.Carboniferous epibionts, like their modern counterparts, exist in loosely organized ecological communities that vary widely in abundance and composition in space and geological time. There is little evidence for tight controls on community structure. Much of the variation is attributed to vagaries in the magnitude and selective nature of larval recruitment. Evidence of competition between community members is rare, except where a high percentage of the shell surface is covered. In these cases, sheetlike bryozoans are usually most abundant. Solitary epibionts are surprisingly successful competitors in one-on-one encounters, but apparently lose areal cover to longer-lived colonial encrusters during ecological succession.
Questions Related to Consumption and Saving

As we have seen, decisions to save out of current income are additions to the pool of fluid capital, while decisions to consume or invest in produced means of production are subtractions. The economic drivers in an economy have been seen as owners/operators of productive capacity deciding how much of that capacity to utilize, entrepreneurs deciding how much to invest in new capacity, and households deciding how much of their income to consume. In general, this book has not been about the motivations that cause these decisions to occur, but rather about the implications of the decisions for changes in the pool of fluid capital and attendant effects upon interest rates and the general price level.
Early Student Support for the Study of Inertial Motions in the Arctic Ocean

Abstract : The decreasing trend in minimum Arctic Ocean sea-ice extent has been a topic of concern with far reaching effects. At least seasonally, there are good reasons to believe that the Arctic Ocean will become more dynamically active, with larger surface waves, stronger lateral fronts, and more intense internal wave activity. Particularly in the marginal ice zone, the processes controlling the response of the ocean to wind forcing span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this project, we use a combination of data from existing instruments and simple theoretical models to study the internal wave field in the Western Arctic Ocean; to determine temporal variations and temporal variations in wave energy and investigate feedback processes between propagating internal waves and ocean stratification.
Vector coupling and bound states of fermions in three space dimensions

The behavior of fermions interacting via vector gluons in the strong-coupling limit is investigated. A suitable coupling betweeen the Dirac and the vector-gluon field gives rise to bound-state solutions. The coherent field approximation is employed to find the bound-state masses, which are further discussed by analytical and numerical methods and are found to be positive-definite in the example considered numerically. (AIP)
Millimeter-wave coplanar interconnects and radiators on FR-4 laminates

This paper demonstrates coplanar waveguide (CPW) interconnects and radiators for antenna-in-package (AiP) solutions at millimeter-wave frequencies using flame-resistant 4 (FR-4) laminates. CPW transmission lines and broadband antennas with CPW feeds have been fabricated on two types of FR-4 laminates to detail the performance of this material. Measurements show an average attenuation of 0.19 dB/mm at 60 GHz, which is comparable to that of other packaging substrates at millimeter wavelengths. CPW-fed bow-tie apertures have a return loss below 10 dB from 60 GHz to 90 GHz.
The primary role of lymphoreticular cells in the mediation of host responses to bacterial endotoxim

Mice that are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (strain C3H/HeJ) can be rendered LPS-sensitive by the adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells from LPS-sensitive mice (strain C3H/HeN). This model of adoptive transfer was used to evaluate the contribution of lymphoreticular cells to five effects of endotoxin on the host: immunogenicity, adjuvanticity, lethality, induction of interferon, and induction of colony-stimulated factor. C3H//HeJ mice became sensitive to each of these effects after adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells from C3H/HeN mice. The efficacy of transfer was directly proportional to the dose of X-irradiation and inversely proportional to the number of surviving host stem cells. The most effective dose of radiation was 850 rad, and C3H/HeN leads to C3H/HeJx chimeras prepared at this dose were as sensitive to LPS for each parameter tested as were the C3H/HeN donors except for a threefold greater resistance to lethality than LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice. C3H/HeN mice could also be rendered unresponsive to LPS by the adoptive transfer of C3H/HeJ bone marrow cells. C3H/HeN chimeras were resistant to all of the effects of LPS studied except for the induction of colony-stimulating factor. These results demonstrate that lymphocytes and/or macrophages play a primary role in mediating a number of diverse and seemingly unrelated host responses to endotoxin.
Computations of transmittance and radiance in infrared water vapor sounding channels

The wing-scaling approximation/k-distribution method, previously developed for computing solar heating rates (Chou and Arking, 1981) was applied to the computation of the transmittance and outgoing radiance in infrared water vapor sounding channels. Functions necessary for the transmittance and radiance computations were computed from molecular line parameters using line-by-line methods. The method was applied to the three HIRS/2 water vapor sounding channels on the TIROS-N satellite, and its accuracy was tested using 11 widely separated atmospheres which ranged from hot-wet tropical atmospheres to cold-dry subarctic atmospheres. Compared to line-by-line calculations, maximum errors were shown to be less than 0.017 in transmittance and 0.4 K in brightness temperature for all cases. The rms errors are less than 0.009 in transmittance and 0.2 K in brightness temperature, the brightness temperature rms error being much smaller than the instrument noise.
Uptake of atmospheric ammonia by selected plant species.

Abstract Rates of NH 3 uptake were measured for 10 crop species by direct kinetic techniques. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system designed for plant gas exchange studies was used in the NH 3 exposures. Ammonia was monitored with an analyzer that permitted real time measurement of atmospheric NH 3 down to 5 ppb. This permitted measurement of dynamic sorption of NH 3 at concentrations much closer to ambient levels than previously reported. Uptake rates increased with increasing light, temperature, and NH 3 concentration. An inverse correlation was observed between total diffusion resistance of leaves and NH 3 sorption. Rates did not vary significantly with repeated exposure or with changes in growth media N.
Angiosarcoma Presenting as Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage

Angiosarcoma has been reported as occurring in both postirradiation and postradical mastectomy patients. Described is a patient, postmastectomy and irradiation, with alveolar hemorrhage secondary to angiosarcoma. Angiosarcoma, primary or metastatic to lung, should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in this patient population.
The impact of late adolescent substance use on young adult health status and utilization of health services: A structural- equation model over four years

This study examined the impact of adolescent substance use on young adult health status and health service utilization, while controlling for earlier subjective and objective health problems and seeking medical care. Data were obtained from 654 participants when they were in late adolescence and 4 years later when they were young adults. Latent-variable models were used to determine what effect, if any, adolescent drug use had on later health. A second-order factor of general drug use had a small, but significant, influence on decreasing subjective physical hardiness over the 4-year period. However, general drug use was not directly related to later physical symptomatology, subjective health problems, or health service utilization. General cigarette use and amount of cigarette smoking were significantly related to a range of health outcomes including increased psychosomatic symptoms, respiratory symptoms, reporting trouble with health, nights spent in the hospital, and health service utilization, as well as decreased subjective physical hardiness. Early cannabis use decreased later subjective physical hardiness and increased health problems experienced over the 4 years. Hard drug use was associated with increased emergency physician visits during adolescence and increased perceived trouble with health as young adults. Due to the fact that adolescent general drug use decreased subjective physical hardiness over 4 years, it is possible that continued substance use might lead to more serious objective health consequences later in life (i.e. physical symptoms).
Accuracy of impression materials for complete-arch fixed partial dentures

The accuracy of 12 impression materials of six different types were studied by using complete-arch FPD impressions. Sixty impressions were made of a Columbia dentoform maxillary model with complete cast crown abutment preparations on the canines and the second molars. A one-piece casting was constructed by connecting the four individual castings made for the four abutment teeth. The master prosthesis was seated on the stone casts produced from the impressions. The marginal adaptation on the four abutments was then evaluated with a travelling microscope. The individual marginal adaptation of the four castings on the abutments was also examined after sectioning the four joints. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. The polyethers produced the most accurate complete-arch replicas. The second most accurate were the vinyl polysiloxanes, followed by the polysulfides and the irreversible-reversible hydrocolloids. The least accurate were the reversible hydrocolloids and the irreversible hydrocolloids. 2. The polyether impression materials exhibited the most consistent accuracy for a master cast to fabricate a complete-arch FPD.
RNA/protein ratios of canine pancreatic microsomes and their subfractions as a function of age

Abstract The pancreata of 9 beagles, ages 1–9 yr, were fractionated and subfractionated to yield crude microsomes, rough and smooth microsomes, and cytosol for each dog. The RNA to protein ratio was determined for the fractions isolated from each dog. Our analysis showed a decreased RNA/protein ratio in the crude and rough microsomes and a decreased rough microsomal RNA/smooth microsomal RNA ratio with advancing age. The results were interpreted as indicating a decreased capacity to synthetize ribosomal RNA and polyribosomes and a consequential decreased capacity to synthesize protein with advancing age in the canine exocrine pancreas.
Validation of Existing Nuclear Station Instrumentation and Electrical Procedures to Reduce Human Error; One Utility's Perspective

This paper addresses one utility's efforts to decrease Instrumentation and Electrical (I&E) human performance errors by using a systematic approach to review and improve existing I&E procedures. It is felt that this effort will result in a substantial decrease in I&E performance errors along with a corresponding increase in unit reliability. It is also felt that this systematic approach can be used by many other utilities and by many different groups within those utilities.
Ground-state interactions of spermine-substituted naphthalimides with mononucleotides

Water soluble spermine, spermine-naphthalimide, and pyridinium-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives have been synthesized as nucleotide-specific binding agents. Both mono- and bifunctionalized spermine compounds were studied. The photophysical properties of each compound were studied by using time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies. The fluorescence decay of the mononaphthalimides was adequately fit to a single exponential decay, and in all cases, the lifetime (2.4 ns) was independent of the imide substitutent. In the case of the bisnaphthalimide, emission from both the monomer and ground-state dimer forms was observed. The fluorescence quantum yield of the monomer (0.03) was significantly smaller than that of the mononaphthalimides (0.27). The dimer emission was red-shifted relative to that of the monomer. The singlet-state lifetime of the dimer was found to be 20 ns. In all cases, only absorption from the triplet excited state was observed, indicating no evidence of a naphthalimide radical anion from dimer excitation. The ground-state interactions of the naphthalimides with four nucleotides were investigated. Nucleotide selectivity was evaluated by determining their individual binding constants (Keq). The association constants were measured by using absorption, time-resolved fluorescence, and combined time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence. The equilibrium binding constant was largest for association of the spermine-substituted mononaphthalimide with adenosine monophosphate (Keq=550 M-1) or guanosine monophosphate (Keq=440 M-1). The dimer form of the disubstituted spermine also showed binding constants in excess of 200 M-1 with the purine nucleotides. The association constant for binding of the pyridinium-substituted naphthalimide showed little dependence on the structure of the nucleotide.
Arsenic-induced alterations in embryonic transcription factor gene expression: implications for abnormal neural development

We examined the morphological and molecular consequences of acute in utero exposure to teratogenic concentrations of arsenate. The treatment produced a dose-related increase in neural tube defects, along with a significant alteration in the pattern of gene expression for several transcription factors (creb, Hox 3.1, Pax3, and Emx-1) that were examined using in situ transcription and antisense RNA amplification procedures. On gestational day 9:0, there was a significant delay in the embryos progression through neural tube closure, accompanied by a significant downregulation of Hox 3.1 expression and a significant upregulation of Pax3, Emx-1, and creb. As both Hox 3.1 and Pax3 serve to regulate N-CAM expression, it is possible that abnormalities associated with N-CAM may compromise neural crest cell migration and normal neural tube closure.
The modular mind: Implications for intrapersonal communication

This essay examines the role of the brain in conceptualizing and understanding intrapersonal communication. Drawing on research and theory from several disciplines, a communicative perspective on intrapersonal communication is developed which focuses on specific interhemispheric and intermodular processes inherent in intrapersonal communication. The implications of this perspective are discussed in terms of both theory and future research.
Magnetorheological (MR) Jet Finishing Technology

One suitable way to polish optics of complex shapes is by using a jet of abrasive fluid. In doing so, the energy required for polishing is supplied by the radial spread of the jet, which impinges upon a surface to be polished. Generally, the jet instability results in a non-deterministic polishing process. A method of jet stabilization has been proposed, developed, and demonstrated whereby the round jet of magnetorheological (MR) fluid is magnetized by an axial magnetic field as it flows out of the nozzle. It has been experimentally shown that in this case a stable and reproducible material removal function can be achieved at a distance of several tens of centimeters from the nozzle. At the same time, the interferometrically derived distribution of material removal for the MR jet coincides well with the distribution of the fluid power density calculated using CFD modeling. Polishing results support the assertion that the MR jet finishing process may produce high precision surfaces on glasses and single crystals.
A spectrophotometric method for the assay of lactic dehydrogenase subunits

Abstract A rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method is described for determining the LDH activity of the “H” and “M” subunits present in a mixture of the five isozymes. Equations have been derived for use with either the human or the rabbit LDH. The application of this technique to the analysis of the subunit content of seventeen normal human serum specimens and to fourteen normal human urine specimens is also described. This relatively simple procedure should find wide application in replacing other time-consuming semiquantitative procedures for LDH isozyme analysis.
Exercise to reduce the escalation of cocaine self-administration in adolescent and adult rats

Rationale Concurrent access to an exercise wheel decreases cocaine self-administration under short access (5 h/day for 5 days) conditions and suppresses cocaine-primed reinstatement in adult rats.
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.

Objectives To compare the frequency and severity of adverse events associated with parenteral drugs commonly used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in a pediatric emergency department. Methods A database of consecutive patients receiving parenteral PSA was prospectively generated with the intent of monitoring safety in the emergency department. Data were logged onto a dedicated sedation sheet. A retrospective analysis was performed; comparisons were made based on sedation drugs used. Results A total of 2,609 patients from June 1, 1996, to September 16, 2003, received PSA by emergency physicians. Patients who received PSA nonparenterally (n = 109) were excluded. A total of 2,500 patients (2,279, intravenous; 221, intramuscular) remained for analysis. Age range was 19 days to 32 years (median, 6.7 years). A total of 1,511 (60.4%) were male. Four major drug combinations were identified: ketamine alone (n = 1,492; 59.7%), ketamine/midazolam (n = 299; 12.0%), midazolam/fentanyl (n = 336; 13.4%), and midazolam alone (n = 260; 10.4%). A total of 113 patients (4.5%) received various other combinations of drugs. A total of 458 adverse events were observed in 426 patients (17%). Respiratory adverse events occurred as follows: ketamine alone, 91 patients (6.1%); ketamine/midazolam, 30 patients (10%); midazolam/fentanyl, 65 patients (19.3%); midazolam alone, 15 patients (5.8%). Vomiting occurred as follows: ketamine alone, 151 patients (10.1%); ketamine/midazolam, 16 patients (5.4%); midazolam/fentanyl, six patients (1.8%); midazolam alone, two patients (0.8%). Conclusions Drug types used in pediatric PSA are associated with different adverse event profiles. Patients receiving ketamine with or without midazolam experienced fewer respiratory adverse events but more vomiting than the commonly used combination of midazolam and fentanyl. Adverse events may occur in any patient receiving parenteral PSA.
A comparison of accounting indexes

Chapman is business reference librarian, University of Alabama. Many types of people look for accounting information-practicing accountants, researchers, students in accounting courses, and businesspeople, among others. The types of information they look for varies also--government regulations, professional standards, empirical research, practical examples. Accounting periodical literature is an important source for each of these types of information. Regulations and standards are announced and their significance discussed; scholarly articles are presented; and practicing CPAs describe techniques or suggest solutions to common problems. However, to take full advantage of the information contained in accounting periodicals, good indexing has to be available. This study compares the access to accounting periodical literature offered by four indexes. Two of the indexes specifically address accounting: Accountants' Index and Accounting Articles. The other two indexes are general business indexes which include accounting as one of the many business topics they cover: Business Periodicals Index, a familiar H. W. Wilson index held by many libraries, and ABI/INFORM on Disk, one of the more popular CDROM products which provide bibliographic references to business sources. The study will describe how well the general business indexes cover accounting periodicals and to what extent the specialized indexes can expand that coverage. It will compare the number of accounting periodicals covered by each and, for a given sample periodical issue, examine both the number of items covered and the number of access points per item.