cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making words work: Using financial text as a predictor of financial events

We develop a methodology for automatically analyzing text to aid in discriminating firms that encounter catastrophic financial events. The dictionaries we create from Management Discussion and Analysis Sections (MD&A) of 10-Ks discriminate fraudulent from non-fraudulent firms 75% of the time and bankrupt from nonbankrupt firms 80% of the time. Our results compare favorably with quantitative prediction methods. We further test for complementarities by merging quantitative data with text data. We achieve our best prediction results for both bankruptcy (83.87%) and fraud (81.97%) with the combined data, showing that that the text of the MD&A complements the quantitative financial information.
Partnerships between institutional repositories, domain repositories and publishers

Editor's Summary At ASIS&T's RDAP13 Summit, one panel explored the shared interests and challenges faced by researchers, institutions, various repositories, publishers and the public. Common hurdles include engaging researchers in the process at the outset, organizing and documenting research data, contending with diverse media types and file formats, spanning disciplines and rewarding participation. Amy Nurnberger of Columbia University Library noted the importance of understanding authors' needs and recognizing comparable issues faced by libraries and publishers. Jared Lyle of the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research stressed the value of working with researchers early in their process and establishing a personal, supportive and consultative connection. John Kunze described tools available through the California Digital Library to facilitate data curation at several stages of the research process, ultimately depositing data to a repository and enabling its publication and sharing. The collective experiences highlighted common themes, including the value of local collections and partnerships as well as the need to simplify the process with easy-to-use tools.
Tails Curtailed: Accounting for Nonlinear Dependence in Pricing Margin Insurance for Dairy Farmers

Livestock Gross Margin Insurance for Dairy Cattle (LGM-Dairy) is a risk management tool for protecting milk income over feed cost margins. In this article, we examine the assumptions underpinning the method used to determine LGM-Dairy premiums. Analysis of the milk–feed dependence structure is conducted using copula methods, a rich set of tools that allow modelers to capture nonlinearities in dependence among variables of interest. We find a significant relationship between milk and feed prices that increases with time-to-maturity and severity of negative price shocks. Extremal, or tail, dependence is the propensity of dependence to concentrate in the tails of a distribution. A common theme in financial and actuarial applications and in agricultural crop revenue insurance is that tail dependence increases the risk to the underwriter and results in higher insurance premiums. We present, to our knowledge, the first case in which tail dependence may actually reduce actuarially fair premiums for an agricultural risk insurance product. We examine hedging effectiveness with LGM-Dairy and show that, even in the absence of basis or production risk, hedging horizon plays an important role in the ability of this tool to smooth farm income over feed cost margins over time. Rating methodology that accounts for tail dependence between milk and feed prices extends the optimal hedging horizon and increases hedging effectiveness of the LGM-Dairy program.
A Multivariable Model Using Advanced Cytologic Methods for the Evaluation of Indeterminate Pancreatobiliary Strictures

Background & Aims Ancillary cytologic tests including digital image analysis (DIA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed to improve the sensitivity of routine cytology (RC) for the diagnosis of malignancy in pancreatobiliary strictures. The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare the performance of RC, DIA, and FISH on clinical brushing specimens. Methods Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography brushings were obtained from 498 consecutive patients with pancreatobiliary strictures and analyzed by RC, DIA, and FISH as per standard practice. RC diagnostic categories included negative, atypical, suspicious, or positive. Aneuploid/tetraploid histograms were considered positive for DIA. FISH was performed using UroVysion (Abbott Molecular, Inc, Des Plaines, IL) and classified as negative, trisomy, tetrasomy, or polysomy. Results The sensitivity of polysomy FISH (42.9%) was significantly higher than RC (20.1%) when equivocal RC results were considered negative ( P P P P Conclusions Polysomy FISH had high sensitivity without compromise to specificity. DIA was not a significant independent predictor of malignancy. Multivariable modeling using RC, FISH, age, and primary sclerosing cholangitis status can be used to estimate the probability of carcinoma for an individual patient. We recommend including FISH as a routine test where available, along with RC, in the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary strictures.
Distance learning for today’s librarian

Describes the nature of distance learning and its increasing use in the present and for the future. Approaches for libraries to support distance learning are indicated and the importance of libraries of all kinds becoming involved with support for distance learners stressed. The application of distance learning to education and training for librarians is discussed.
Capacitive leadframe testing

Reliable pin-level diagnosis of open solder joints allows manufacturers to tune SMT process for maximum output. Repair time and repair-induced damage are both significantly reduced with pin-level diagnostics. Detection of misoriented capacitors prevents expensive and reputation-damaging field failures. Ability to test both sides of PCBs allows maximum fault coverage.
Distributions of ice supersaturation and ice crystals from airborne observations in relation to upper tropospheric dynamical boundaries

Ice supersaturation (ISS) is the prerequisite condition for cirrus cloud formation. To examine multiscale dynamics' influences on ISS formation, we analyze in situ aircraft observations (~200 m scale) over North America in coordinates relative to dynamical boundaries in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Two case studies demonstrate that ISS formation is likely influenced by mesoscale uplifting, small-scale waves, and turbulence. A collective analysis of 15 flights in April–June 2008 shows that the top layers of ISS and ice crystal distributions are strongly associated with thermal tropopause height. In addition, the average occurrence frequencies of ISS and ice crystals on the anticyclonic side of the jet stream are ~1.5–2 times of those on the cyclonic side. By defining five cirrus evolution phases based on the spatial relationships between ice-supersaturated and in-cloud regions, we find that their peak occurrence frequencies are located at decreasing altitudes with respect to the thermal tropopause: (phase 1) clear-sky ISS around the tropopause, (phase 2) nucleation phase around 2 km below the tropopause, (phases 3 and 4) early and later growth phases around 6 km below the tropopause, and (phase 5) sedimentation/sublimation around 2–6 km below the tropopause. Consistent with this result, chemical tracer correlation analysis shows that the majority (~80%) of the earlier cirrus phases (clear-sky ISS and nucleation) occurs inside the chemical tropopause transition layer, while the later phases happen mostly below that layer. These results shed light on the role of dynamical environment in facilitating cirrus cloud formation and evolution.
Limitations of single coset states and quantum algorithms for code equivalence

Quantum computers can break the RSA, El Gamal, and elliptic curve public-key cryptosystems, as they can efficiently factor integers and extract discrete logarithms. The power of such quantum attacks lies in quantum Fourier sampling, an algorithmic paradigm based on generating and measuring coset states. In this article we extend previous negative results of quantum Fourier sampling for Graph Isomorphism, which corresponds to hidden subgroups of order two (over Sn), to several cases corresponding to larger hidden subgroups. For one case, we strengthen some results of Kempe, Pyber, and Shalev on the Hidden Subgroup Problem over the symmetric group. In another case, we show the failure of quantum Fourier sampling on the Hidden Subgroup Problem over the general linear group GL2(Fq). The most important case corresponds to Code Equivalence, the problem of determining whether two given linear codes are equivalent to each other up to a permutation of the coordinates. Our results suggest that for many codes of interest--including generalized Reed Solomon codes, alternant codes, and Reed-Muller codes--solving these instances of Code Equivalence via Fourier sampling appears to be out of reach of current families of quantum algorithms.
Liquid-Based Preparations

The liquid-based cytology sample preparations (liquid-based preparation [LBP]) include ThinPrep (TP) (Cytyc Corp, Marlborough, MA) and SurePath (SP) (TriPath Imaging Inc., Burlington, NC). In both of these systems, instead of smearing cells on a slide, cells are rinsed into a liquid collection media containing fixatives. This ensures the capture of an entire sample from the collection devices. For conventional smears, most of the sample (≈80%) is discarded with the sampling device. Despite the difference in preparatory techniques, the two LBP, TP and SP, are similar in appearance (Table 1).
Do Collective Action Clauses Affect Income Growth

The International Monetary Fund and the US Treasury have suggested that countries insert Collective Action Clauses (CACs) into their bonds in order to reduce the severity and frequency of financial crises in emerging markets. Research on the topic of CACs being scarce, this paper is the first to examine the statistical relationship between CACs and overall macroeconomic performance. Econometric evidence of a relationship between CACs and income growth is not found in a sample of emerging markets borrowers in the 1990's. This throws into doubt the claim made by both the IMF and the US Treasury that CACs benefit economic growth in the countries that adopt them.
Injury and Repair of Liver Cells

Alterations in hepatocytes, progressing to necrosis, are the morphologic basis for the main clinical manifestations and aberrations in hepatic test results in acute and chronic liver disease. The light-microscopic manifestations of hepatocellular injury, the mechanisms of necrosis, the light-microscopic features of repair and regeneration, and the applications of histologic alterations to the management and prognosis of liver disease are reviewed.
Circumplex Model of Affect: A Measure of Pleasure and Arousal During Virtual Reality Distraction Analgesia

Abstract Objective: Immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction provides clinically effective pain relief and increases subjective reports of “fun” in medical settings of procedural pain. The goal of this study was to better describe the variable of “fun” associated with VR distraction analgesia using the circumplex model (pleasure/arousal) of affect. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four healthy volunteers (mean age, 29 years; 37 females) received a standardized, 18-minute, multimodal pain sequence (alternating thermal heat and electrical stimulation to distal extremities) while receiving immersive, interactive VR distraction. Subjects rated both their subjective pain intensity and fun using 0–10 Graphic Rating Scales, as well as the pleasantness of their emotional valence and their state of arousal on 9-point scales. Results: Compared with pain stimulation in the control (baseline, no VR) condition, immersive VR distraction significantly reduced subjective pain intensity (P < 0.001). During VR distraction,...
The Evolution of the Narrative at Natural History Dioramas

This article explores the power of “narratives,” facilitated educational tours connecting museum exhibits and dioramas through thematic storytelling, given by young adults in an inquiry-infused model. The study, which was conducted at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, USA, looks at the importance of using such narratives in educational contexts, and how they change based on the interests, prior knowledge, observations and questions of tour participants. Going further, it advances our understanding about the value of having well trained facilitators engaging visitors in conversations about science that stem from the visitors’ prior knowledge and interests.
TH-EF-BRC-02: FMEA

This Hands-on Workshop will be focused on providing participants with experience with the principal tools of TG 100 and hence start to build both competence and confidence in the use of risk-based quality management techniques. The three principal tools forming the basis of TG 100's risk analysis: Process mapping, Failure-Modes and Effects Analysis and fault-tree analysis will be introduced with a 5 minute refresher presentation and each presentation will be followed by a 30 minute small group exercise. An exercise on developing QM from the risk analysis follows. During the exercise periods, participants will apply the principles in 2 different clinical scenarios. At the conclusion of each exercise there will be ample time for participants to discuss with each other and the faculty their experience and any challenges encountered. Learning Objectives: 1.To review the principles of Process Mapping, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis. 2.To gain familiarity with these three techniques in a small group setting. 3.To share and discuss experiences with the three techniques with faculty and participants. Director, TreatSafely, LLC. Director, Center for the Assessment of Radiological Sciences. Occasional Consultant to the IAEA and Varian.
Validity in Framing an Evaluation’s Purpose and Questions

Preconditions for validity need to be assessed at each stage of the evaluation process. Assumptions arise whenever these preconditions are unexamined or taken for granted. The first stage is defining the evaluation purpose and choosing questions to guide the collation of the data on the program's success. The purpose guides evaluators in conceptualizing questions that bridge the evaluation purpose and the methods by which the questions are answered. Participatory validity is the extent of stakeholder involvement in designing an evaluation. This involvement can affect the appropriateness of the questions and the use of the results. The main assumptions of participatory validity focus on: (1) the effectiveness of the participatory process; (2) the relevance and use of the evaluation findings; and (3) paradigmatic—ontological and epistemological considerations.
Cellular Chain Models

Our aim in this chapter is to present cellular chain models for the singular chain coalgebras \(C_* S(\mathbb{F}_k (M))\), where M is ℝ n+1 or S n+1. The models are based on the cellular models \(X \simeq \mathbb{F}_k (\mathbb{R}^{n + 1} )\) and \(Y \simeq \mathbb{F}_{k + 1} (S^{n + 1} )\) of Chapter VI, with n < 1. The results here are to be used in Part Three, where cellular models for the loop spaces of the configuration spaces are studied.
An Analysis of Online Students’ Behaviors on Course Sites and the Effect on Learning Performance: A Case Study of Four LIS Online Classes

This research investigated the relationship between online students’ behaviors in a learning management system and their learning performance, as measured by their final grades. Four online information technology classes in a major U.S. library and information science program were studied. The course sites’ log data, as well as the students’ final grades were analyzed at both the class level and the general level using the aggregated data from all four classes. The results show that the number of days students delayed in accessing weekly lecture materials had a significantly negative correlation with the final grade, while an increased number of discussion board postings had a positive correlation with the final grade. This correlation was significant on borderline, at p = 0.05 level. In one class an increase in the frequency of accessing the syllabus was significantly correlated with the final grade. The implications of the results are discussed. Based on the findings, suggestions on strengthening e-learning are proposed.
Machine Learning Based Power Grid Outage Prediction in Response to Extreme Events

A machine learning based prediction method is proposed in this paper to determine the potential outage of power grid components in response to an imminent hurricane. The decision boundary, which partitions the components’ states into two sets of damaged and operational, is obtained via logistic regression by using a second-order function and proper parameter fitting. Two metrics are examined to validate the performance of the obtained decision boundary in efficiently predicting component outages.
A Uranium(IV) Triamide Species with Bronsted Basic Ligand Character: Metal-Ligand Cooperativity in the f Block

Deprotonation of the tridentate triamine ligand H3N3Mes ((2,4,6-Me3C6H2N(H)CH2CH2)2NH) with 2 equiv of KCH2Ph followed by treatment with 1 equiv of UCl4 afforded the diamidoamine uranium complex (THF)2UCl2(HN3Mes) (1-THF). This species was further derivatized with either O═PPh3 or KCp* to generate (Ph3PO)UCl2(HN3Mes) (1-OPPh3) or Cp*UCl(HN3Mes) (2-Cl), respectively. Deprotonation of 2-Cl with nBuLi furnished the uranium(IV) triamido compound Cp*U(N3Mes-LiCl(THF)2) (3-LiCl), which is stabilized by the presence of LiCl. 3-LiCl reacts readily with alcohols and thiols, including HOPh, HSPh, and HOtBu, to furnish the respective products Cp*U(OPh)(HN3Mes) (2-OPh), Cp*U(SPh)(HN3Mes) (2-SPh), and Cp*U(OtBu)(HN3Mes) (2-OtBu), which show cooperative addition of the H–E (E = O, S) bond across the U–N bond, serving to regenerate the diamidoamine ligand. Similar cooperative addition was noted for 3-LiCl with benzophenone, furnishing Cp*U(N3Mes-OCPh2) (3-OCPh2), which features new U–O and N–C bonds. The Bronsted basici...
Top2b is involved in the formation of outer segment and synapse during late-stage photoreceptor differentiation by controlling key genes of photoreceptor transcriptional regulatory network

Topoisomerase II beta (Top2b) is an enzyme that alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. Top2b deletion in early retinal progenitor cells causes severe defects in neural differentiation and affects cell survival in all retinal cell types. However, it is unclear whether the observed severe phenotypes are the result of cell-autonomous/primary defects or non-cell-autonomous/secondary defects caused by alterations of other retinal cells. Using photoreceptor cells as a model, we first characterized the phenotypes in Top2b conditional knockout. Top2b deletion leads to malformation of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs) and synapses accompanied by dramatic cell loss at late-stage photoreceptor differentiation. Then, we performed mosaic analysis with shRNA-mediated Top2b knockdown in neonatal retina using in vivo electroportation to target rod photoreceptors in neonatal retina. Top2b knockdown causes defective OS without causing a dramatic cell loss, suggesting a Top2b cell-autonomous function. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis reveals that Top2b controls the expression of key genes in the photoreceptor gene-regulatory network (e.g., Crx, Nr2e3, Opn1sw, Vsx2) and retinopathy-related genes (e.g., Abca4, Bbs7, Pde6b). Together, our data establish a combinatorial cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous role for Top2b in the late stage of photoreceptor differentiation and maturation. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Current Status of Carotid Endarterectomy, Part I: Randomized Trials versus Medical Management.

A vascular surgeon is consulted to evaluate a patient because of carotid stenosis. By the time the surgeon enters the examining room or arrives at the bedside, he (she) is aware of the sex and age of the patient as well as the severity of the stenosis on a recent high-quality imaging study. After asking if the patient has had any related symptoms and how long ago they occurred, the surgeon has all of the information that is necessary to determine, in the absence of serious comorbidities, whether this patient is an appropriate candidate for carotid intervention and even how quickly it should be performed. Why? Because so much essential spadework comparing relative risks and benefits of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) versus medical treatment was done by the randomized clinical trials conducted in North America and Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These trials may not be timeless, since contemporary antiplatelet agents and statin drugs could provide better stroke prevention than the management used in their medical cohorts. However, their conclusions still remain the benchmark for the selection of patients to have CEA or carotid angioplasty and stenting. Their subset analyses have been published during more than 25 years in a variety of journals, many of which are not ordinarily read by surgeons. This review is merely a reminder of their importance.
Adolescent-young adults (AYA) with cancer seeking integrative oncology consultations: demographics, characteristics, and self-reported outcomes

Integrative Oncology (IO) consultations offer cancer patients counseling regarding complementary integrative medicine (CIM). We explored the CIM interests and symptom burden of AYA cancer patients presenting for an IO consultation. Patients referred for an IO physician consultation at an academic medical center from September 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013 completed an assessment on presentation: MYCaW, ESAS (10 symptoms, 0–10, 10 worst possible), CIM use survey, and SF-12 QOL survey. We compared findings of AYA patients (ages 15–39) with a control sample of adult patients (age ≥ 40). Of the total 2474 consecutive patients, 286 (12%) were AYA, 73.1% female, with the most common diagnosis of breast cancer (30%). Areas of greatest interest for both AYA and adult patients included developing a holistic approach, herbals, and diet, with no significant difference between groups. Comparing groups, AYA patients had significantly higher anxiety (3.4 vs 3.1, p = 0.042). AYA physical health was significantly higher (37.5 vs 35, p = 0.001), with no significant between group differences in mental health. AYA patients were more likely to have participated in yoga (22 vs 11%, p = 0.001) and pilates (9.2 vs 4.5%, p = 0.04), with no significant difference regarding overall CIM use. Differences persisted after correcting for stage. AYA patients make up a small number of overall referrals to an IO consultation, presenting with a low to moderate symptom burden. Physical CIM interventions such as yoga and pilates are of greater interest to the AYA population, suggesting the importance of making such interventions available in cancer programs serving this population.
Teaching History to ELLs in Standards-Based Settings: Implications for Teacher Educators

This case study of a middle school U.S. history teacher examines the teacher’s decision-making and meaning-making processes in teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) in his classes. Data collection draws on the perspectives of the teacher through interviews and document collection, while a series of seven classroom observations of three separate classes provides insights into instructional practice and interaction with students. The theoretical framework of Thornton’s (Teacher as curricular-instructional gatekeeping in social studies. In: Shaver JP (ed) Handbook of research on social studies teaching and learning. Macmillan, New York, pp 237–248, 1991) characterization of the social studies teacher as curricular-instructional gatekeeper and Grant’s (History lessons: Teaching, learning and testing in U.S. high school classrooms. Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, Mahweh, 2003) conceptualization of ambitious teaching and learning inform the data analysis. The findings indicate that the teacher focused on the skills section of the state standards as a means of bridging the official curriculum and the perceived cultural and linguistic needs of his ELLs.
Psychosocial Impact of Facial Paralysis

The aim of this review was to identify the relevant literature characterizing the psychosocial impact of facial paralysis from societal and patient perspectives. Facial paralysis results in a measurable attentional distraction for casual observers and significantly penalizes social perceptions with patients appearing less attractive, having a more negative affect, and lower quality of life compared to individuals without facial paralysis. Furthermore, facial paralysis causes patients to have lower self-esteem, higher rates of depression, increased anxiety, and reduced quality of life, especially in female patients. Facial paralysis impairs facial expression recognition for both observers and patients resulting in a facial feedback mechanism that negatively affecting patients’ emotions. Patients with facial paralysis suffer from impaired social interactions, disruption of self-concept, psychological distress, and decreased overall quality of life. Additional studies are required to better understand ability of patients to cope and the psychosocial benefit of treatment strategies.
Eye Movement, Control of (Oculomotor Control)

Eye movements fall into two broad categories: gaze-stabilization movements and gaze- shifting movements. Gaze-stabilization movements, which include the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic nystagmus, rotate the line-of-sight to stabilize the visual world on the retina. Gaze-shifting movements, which include saccades, smooth pursuit movements, and vergence movements, shift the fovea of each eye into alignment with objects of interest in the visual world. In humans, all eye movements are accomplished by six extra-ocular muscles operating in three antagonistic pairs. The tension generated in each of these muscles is, in turn, regulated by the activity of six pools of alpha-motor neurons located in three cranial nerve nuclei in the oculomotor brainstem. Physiological studies indicate that all of these motor neurons participate in the generation of all classes of eye movements and that to accomplish any movement each motor neuron must generate two types of force: a pulsatile burst of force that regulates eye velocity and a long-lasting increment or decrement in maintained force that holds the eye stationary after the movement is complete (Raphan and Cohen 1978). The neural architecture that generates these patterns of force have been the subject of investigation singe the 1960s and are described in the accompanying article.
A qualitative study of barriers and enablers associated with colorectal cancer screening among Somali men in Minnesota.

The rate of cancer screening is generally increasing in the US. In Minnesota, the statewide average rate of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is 73%. However, screening completion is relatively...
Miscellaneous Anorectal Conditions

Epidemiology, those who are at risk, and the diagnosis and treatment of miscellaneous anorectal conditions such as diarrhea, fecal impaction, pilonidal sinus, and rectal foreign bodies will be discussed in this chapter.
A Unified Formulation of Micromechanics Models of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

In a micromechanics constitutive model the overall instantaneous properties of fibrous composites are defined by relations between overall stress and strain averages. Such averaging techniques are also known as ‘homogenization’. The models may account for fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interface properties and their interactions (see [1–5]). Various micromechanics approaches are used to calculate overall stress and strain fields using different representative micro-geometries (i.e. unit cells); see, for example, the self-consistent method of Hill [1], the variational formulation of Hashin [2], the vanishing fiber diameter model of Dvorak and Bahei-El-Din [3], periodic rectangular array of Aboudi [4], and the periodic hexagonal array (PHA) model of Teply and Dvorak [5]. Although various models use different representative geometries of the unit cell and different approximations of the displacements and/or stresses to obtain the overall properties, they all share certain common basis. The present paper has the objectives of finding the common basis so that the models can be related to each other.
Understanding the basis of CYP26 mediated regulation of lens regeneration using ex vivo eye cultures and 4-oxo-RA

Abstract PURPOSE Xenopus has the remarkable ability to regenerate a lens from the basal cornea epithelial cells in response to signals from the retina. Previous work demonstrated that the Retinoic Acid (RA) metabolizing enzyme CYP26 is expressed in the cornea, and that its activity is required for lens regeneration. Gaps remain in our knowledge as to whether CYP26 is needed only to attenuate RA signaling via RA elimination, or whether it also acts to generate retinoid metabolites, such as 4-oxo-RA, to act as signaling ligands. Other key questions are why CYP26 antagonism, but not exogenous retinoids, can reduce cell division in the cornea, and when during regeneration CYP26 is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ex vivo cultures supplemented with RA, 4-oxo-RA, or the CYP26 inhibitor Liarozole were used to assay the effects of these compounds on lens regeneration. Similarly, corneas were explanted, cultured in the presence of these compounds, and assayed for mitotic changes by counting anti-Histone H3 positive nuclei. qPCRs validated responsiveness to these compounds. RESULTS Ex vivo cultures showed that when the media was supplemented with the RA metabolite 4-oxo-RA in addition to Liarozole, lens regeneration was still inhibited. 4-oxo-RA also does not rescue the loss of cell division in the cornea that is observed upon CYP26 antagonism. Liarozole inhibited regeneration when added 12 hours after lentectomy, but not when added 48 hours after. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the necessity of CYP26 is not explained as a generator of 4-oxo-RA for regeneration. Moreover, Liarozole-induced mitotic reduction is not explained by 4-oxo-RA deficiency. These results support a model of RA-independent mitotic regulation by CYP26, though other retinoid metabolites may be active. Finally, CYP26 activity is only needed between 12 and 48 hours post-surgery, showing that its action is required only during the earliest stages of lens regeneration. Financial interests The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Self- and Other-Reported Virtues of Young Purpose Exemplars.

In theory, purpose has implications for fostering good character, yet almost no research considers this proposition. This study examined character strengths in interviews with eight adolescent and ...
Aftermath, Legacies, and Conclusions

O’Melia concludes her examination of the fundamental shift that occurred within Saturday Morning by the integration of Japanese popular media after 1993, by exploring its various legacies on current American children’s media. First, she examines Cartoon Network’s “Toonami” block’s history and interaction with Saturday Morning and posits how it is staged to become Saturday Morning’s spiritual successor for the younger generations of Americans. She then asserts that the current increase in complex narratives for children emerged from Saturday Morning gradually making it desirable to its young audience. Finally, she highlights the effects Japanese popular media has made on modern comedic cartoons and then concludes with her final thoughts on the lasting legacy of the bygone institution of Saturday Morning.
Dental‐related function and oral health in relation to eating performance in assisted living residents with and without cognitive impairment

Aims Despite the physiologic relationship, there is a lack of evidence on how dental-related function and oral health impact eating performance. This study aims to examine the association of eating performance with dental-related function and oral health among assisted living residents. Methods and results This study was a secondary analysis of observational data collected from an instrument development study. Participants included 90 residents with normal to severely impaired cognition from three assisted livings. Multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic models were used. The dependent variable was eating performance measured by the single "eating" item (scored from 0 to 4 on level of dependence). Independent variables were resident age, gender, dental-related function, and oral health. The resident and facility clustering effects accounted for 88% of variance in eating performance, among which 84% was explained by dental-related function and oral health. Eating performance was associated with dental-related function (coefficient = -0.10, 95% CI = -0.19, -0.01, P = .025), and was not associated with other characteristics. Conclusion Eating performance is influenced by the complex relationship with dental-related function and oral health. Novel interventions using interdisciplinary partnerships are needed to maintain dental-related function and oral health to optimize eating performance.
Isolation of a Square-Planar Th(III) Complex: Synthesis and Structure of [Th(OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4)4]1.

Reduction of Th(OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4)4 using either KC8 or Li in THF forms a new example of a crystallographically characterizable Th(III) complex in the salts [K(THF)5(Et2O)][Th(OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4)4] and [Li(THF)4][Th(OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4)4]. Surprisingly, in each structure the four aryloxide ligands are arranged in a square-planar geometry, the first example of this coordination mode for an f element complex. The Th(III) ion and four oxygen donor atoms are coplanar to within 0.05 A with O–Th–O angles of 89.27(8) to 92.02(8)° between cis ligands. The ligands have Th–O–C(ipso) angles of 173.9(2) to 178.6(4)°, and the aryl rings make angles of 58.5 to 65.1° with the ThO4 plane. The effect of the eight tert-butyl substituents in generating the unusual structure through packing and/or dispersion forces is discussed. EPR spectroscopy reveals an axial signal consistent with a metal-based radical in a planar complex. DFT calculations yield a C4-symmetric structure that accommodates a low-lying SOMO of 6dz2 characte...
The Economics of Maps

For centuries, maps have codified the extent of human geographic knowledge and shaped discovery and economic decision-making. Economists across many fields, including urban economics, public finance, political economy, and economic geography, have long employed maps, yet have largely abstracted away from exploring the economic determinants and consequences of maps as a subject of independent study. In this essay, we first review and unify recent literature in a variety of different fields that highlights the economic and social consequences of maps, along with an overview of the modern geospatial industry. We then outline our economic framework in which a given map is the result of economic choices around map data and designs, resulting in variations in private and social returns to mapmaking. We highlight five important economic and institutional factors shaping mapmakers' data and design choices. Our essay ends by proposing that economists pay more attention to the endogeneity of mapmaking and the resulting consequences for economic and social welfare.
Evaluation of Directive-Based GPU Programming Models on a Block Eigensolver with Consideration of Large Sparse Matrices

Achieving high performance and performance portability for large-scale scientific applications is a major challenge on heterogeneous computing systems such as many-core CPUs and accelerators like GPUs. In this work, we implement a widely used block eigensolver, Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (LOBPCG), using two popular directive based programming models (OpenMP and OpenACC) for GPU-accelerated systems. Our work differs from existing work in that it adopts a holistic approach that optimizes the full solver performance rather than narrowing the problem into small kernels (e.g., SpMM, SpMV). Our LOPBCG GPU implementation achieves a 2.8\({\times }\)–4.3\({\times }\) speedup over an optimized CPU implementation when tested with four different input matrices. The evaluated configuration compared one Skylake CPU to one Skylake CPU and one NVIDIA V100 GPU. Our OpenMP and OpenACC LOBPCG GPU implementations gave nearly identical performance. We also consider how to create an efficient LOBPCG solver that can solve problems larger than GPU memory capacity. To this end, we create microbenchmarks representing the two dominant kernels (inner product and SpMM kernel) in LOBPCG and then evaluate performance when using two different programming approaches: tiling the kernels, and using Unified Memory with the original kernels. Our tiled SpMM implementation achieves a 2.9\({\times }\) and 48.2\({\times }\) speedup over the Unified Memory implementation on supercomputers with PCIe Gen3 and NVLink 2.0 CPU to GPU interconnects, respectively.
Implementing a Progressive Urban Agenda Through Social Housing: The Mismatches of Scale

This paper examines a public housing project conceived with a progressive commitment to socio-spatial inclusion in Bogota. With a focus on comprehensive planning goals, implementation processes, ur...
“Just watching”: A qualitative analysis of non-players’ motivations for video game spectatorship:

This study explores the phenomenon of video game spectatorship from the perspective of a population I refer to as “just watchers.” Previous studies have tended to focus on game spectatorship from t...
Scalable Spatio-Temporal Top-k Community Interactions Query

The excessive amount of data that online users produce through social media platforms provides valuable insights about users and communities at scale. Existing techniques have not fully exploited such data to help practitioners perform a deep analysis of large online communities. Lack of scalability hinders analyzing communities of large sizes and requires tremendous system resources and unacceptable runtime. This paper introduces a new analytical query that reveals the top-k posts of interest of a given user community over a period of time and in a certain location. We propose a novel indexing framework that captures the interactions of community users to provide a low query latency. Moreover, we propose efficient query algorithms that utilize the index content to prune the search space. The extensive experimental evaluation on real data has shown the superiority of our techniques and their scalability to support large online communities.
Review of Physical Fundamentals

The measurements discussed in this work deal with various aspects of the basic proportionality that exists between the transfer of an entity from one location to another, and to the potential for transfer that exists at various locations. The general, one-dimensional form of this relation is $${{dQ} \over {dt}} = {{dAkdp} \over {dz}},$$ where dQ/dt is the rate at which the entity Q is being transferred per unit of time, d A is the area through which the transfer occurs, k is a proportionality coefficient, and dP/dz is the change in potential for transfer with change in distance z.
Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants XLVI. NATURE OF THE SUBSTRATE AND THE PRODUCT OF OLEYL COENZYME A DESATURASE FROM CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS

Oleyl-CoA is the specific substrate for the microsomal oleyl-CoA desaturase from maturing seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. Although there is a very high acyltransferase activity in the microsomes, which rapidly transfers the oleyl moiety to an endogenous acceptor to form β-oleylphosphatidylcholine, this oleyl-oxygen ester does not serve as a substrate for the desaturase. Since tritium-labeled CoA does not exchange with nonlabeled oleyl-CoA in the presence of the microsomal system, the possible roles of ACP and enzyme-bound oleyl complexes are also excluded. Hen liver desaturase utilizes stearyl-CoA as the substrate and the product is oleyl-CoA. There is no evidence for an oxygen ester substrate. Thus the substrate for the two desaturases is an acyl-CoA and the immediate product is an acyl-CoA. Acyl-oxygen esters (phosphatidylcholine) do not serve as substrates for the desaturation reaction.
Understanding botulinum toxin : Surgical anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular region

background.Cosmetic denervation of hyperfunctional facial lines using botulinum toxin (Botox, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) has gained growing popularity over recent years. Understanding the clinical use and effects of botulinum toxin requires a thorough understanding of the muscular anatomy of the tr
Reichstein, Tadeus (1897–1996)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Reichstein, Tadeus (anti-inflammatory hormones cortisone and hydrocortisone)
Uncalibrated vision-based mobile robot obstacle avoidance

Obstacle avoidance is an important element of mobile robot navigation. Here the obstacle avoidance problem is solved utilizing visual feedback in an optimization-based control technique. This work is part of a larger investigation of uncalibrated vision-based control of unmodelled robotic systems. Specifically, this paper will discuss the control of a mobile robot utilizing a fixed camera. The mobile robot's workspace is within the field of view of the camera. Control is formalized as the minimization of an image-based objective function related to some desired robotic behavior. This function is minimized utilizing a dynamic quasi-Newton method utilizing dynamic recursive least squares Jacobian estimation. An advantage of using Jacobian estimation is that the system model is estimated online. This approach provides a generic control method that can be used to control a variety of robotic systems with little a priori information. In addition, no camera calibration is necessary, allowing system reconfigurations. For obstacle avoidance, a potential field approach is used to set up repulsive functions around obstacles. The design and implementation of an objective function that will navigate the robot to a goal point while avoiding obstacles is discussed.
On the coupling between middle and Upper atmospheric odd nitrogen

This paper reviews observations and models of the descent of mesospheric and thermospheric NO x into the stratosphere. Data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have validated the suggestion that the large abundances of NO known to exist in the upper atmosphere (z > 90 km) can be transported to the polar stratosphere in winter. Upper atmospheric NO x is identified in the stratosphere by its association with very low values of CH 4 , a dynamical tracer. Springtime NO x enhancements are seen down to 25 km in the Southern Hemisphere and tend to vary from year to year in concert with the previous winter's energetic electron precipitation. Model calculations show that mesospheric transport processes are critical in modulating how much of the NO produced in the thermosphere can be deposited in the stratosphere. Increased horizontal mixing due to breaking planetary waves reduces the net downward transport. One problem is that the model overestimates the NO x transport, possibly due to an underestimate of NO chemical loss processes or an underestimate of mesospheric horizontal mixing processes. However, the model does qualitatively reproduce the greater enhancement in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern. Outstanding issues for future research are also discussed.
Nanoindentation of neat and in situ polymers in polymer–matrix composites

Nanoindentation experiments were performed on neat and in situ polymers in two different composite materials (IM7/977-3 and AS4/APC-2) and an adhesive (FM 300). The objective was to determine whether differences in modulus and hardness result from composite manufacturing procedures. Since the aim was to measure material properties, acceptable comparisons with neat properties could only be made using unconstrained, cured in situ tests. Measurements of modulus and hardness were made using two different techniques on two different indenters at a range of loads and penetration depths. The load–penetration depth data from the neat and in situ tests were compared to determine whether the fiber constraint affected the in situ tests and quantitative measures were implemented to determine whether an in situ test was unconstrained and therefore acceptable. The results of this comparison between neat and acceptable in situ tests showed a clear increase in modulus and hardness for the cured in situ materials, indicating that the materials are modified in some fashion by the manufacturing process. A finite element analysis of the in situ indentation experiment was performed to determine the required size for a polymer pocket that would minimize the constraint of the fibers on the polymer deformation response.
Dietary Thiamine and Pyridoxine Requirements of Young Turkeys

Abstract ONLY limited data have been published concerning the thiamine and pyridoxine requirements of young turkeys. Robenalt (1960) reported that one mg. of thiamine per kg. of diet (1.0 part per million, p.p.m.) was adequate to prevent the appearance of deficiency symptoms in the young poult to 12 days of age. However, growth of poults between 12 and 22 days of age was more rapid with 2.0 than with 1.0 p.p.m. of thiamine. Robenalt suggested that this difference may have been due to the slow destruction of the vitamin by certain dietary ingredients, particularly those in the salt mix. The National Research Council (1966) has listed 2.0 p.p.m. of thiamine as the dietary requirement for starting poults. Kratzer et al. (1947) reported that poults required 3.0 p.p.m. of dietary pyridoxine for optimum growth rate. Hogan (1950), in reviewing the research of Kratzer et al. (1947), stated that a higher estimate of . . .
Target-detection performance as a function of noise intensity and task difficulty.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of intermittent white noise with a 30% on-off ratio on target-detection performance under 4 levels of noise intensity and 3 lev...
Cadmium-induced pulmonary injury in mouse: a relationship with serum antitrypsin activity

Data on in vivo experiments on mice exposed to Cd with the attempt to correlate serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) changes with morphologic alterations is presented. The experimental data obtained indicate that cadmium chloride produced a significant reduction in the serum antitrypsin activity in mice. The data further indicates that the dimunition of serum TIC due to acute Cd exposure is a transient phenomenon but appears to produce lung damage rapidly as shown by morphologic examination. (JMT)
Low energy Ar+ ion irradiation induced surface modification in cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe)

In this paper, we report on modifications in structural, stoichiometry, and optical properties of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) crystals due to 1 keV Ar+ ion irradiation as a function of ion fluence, using ion flux of 1.7 × 1017 ions cm−2 s−1. The CdZnTe crystals were irradiated at normal incidence, using fluence range of 8 × 1017–3 × 1019 ions cm−2. Atomic force microscopy studies show sequential change in surface structure as a function of ion fluence, from homogeneously populated nano-hole to micron sized holes on the entire CZT crystal surface. These holes are well geometrically defined and most of them are rectangular in shape. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show a reduction in Zn at % while Raman and photoluminescence studies show almost complete depletion of Te inclusions and slight red shifts, respectively, due to ion irradiations. Schottky diode radiation detectors fabricated from such defect free CZT crystals will show significantly higher energy resolution.