cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mini-workshop: scenarios for CSCW systems

Scenarios are useful during system design, system evaluation, system illustration and the comparison of two systems. The goal of this workshop was to construct a collection of scenarios for Computer Supported Cooperative Work that could be used for these purposes. The first thing we discovered, however, is that there are at least two fundamentally different uses of the term “scenario”: 1. A large, detailed description of a real-world (i.e. messy) situation, and 2. Specific, system independent task such as “add a new user”. This type of scenario resembles a benchmark.
Transoral robotic base of tongue reduction for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the effect of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) base of tongue (BOT) reduction on sleep-related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Ovid. Review Methods Literature search by two independent authors was conducted using the abovementioned databases. Studies on TORS BOT reduction as part of OSA treatment in adult patients with pre- and postoperative apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) scores were included. Studies on TORS as treatment for diseases other than OSA were excluded. Results A total of six articles with 353 patients treated with TORS BOT reduction met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses (baseline vs. postsurgery) showed significant improvement in the following: AHI (44.3 ± 22.4 to 17.8 ± 16.5, P 50% reduction of AHI with a postoperative AHI < 20, was 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 63.0%-73.5%). Cure rate (postoperative AHI < 5) was 23.8% (95% CI = 19.1%-29.2%). Conclusions TORS BOT reduction decreases AHI and symptoms of sleepiness in adult patients with OSA. It is considered successful in a majority of cases; however, further studies must be performed to optimize patient selection criteria to achieve higher rates of success. Laryngoscope, 2016
JORDAN CANONICAL FORMS

This chapter focuses on Jordan canonical forms. A matrix A is similar to a matrix B if there exists an invertible matrix P such that A = P −1 BP . Similar matrices have the same characteristic equation and, therefore, the same eigenvalues. If two matrices do not have the same characteristic equation, then it can be stated, categorically, that they are not similar. A matrix is diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix. Diagonalizable matrices are of particular interest as the matrix functions of them can be computed easily. The chapter discusses generalized eigenvectors and chains. The chapter presents the proof of the theorem that a chain is a linearly independent set of vectors. Every matrix is similar to an almost diagonal matrix or, in more precise terminology, a matrix in Jordan canonical form. In particular, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in Jordan canonical form that has all its superdiagonal elements equal to zero.
Spin-orbit decomposition of ab initio nuclear wave functions

Although the modern shell-model picture of atomic nuclei is built from single-particle orbits with good total angular momentum $j$, leading to $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling, decades ago phenomenological models suggested that a simpler picture for $0p$-shell nuclides can be realized via coupling of the total spin $S$ and total orbital angular momentum $L$. I revisit this idea with large-basis, no-core shell-model calculations using modern ab initio two-body interactions and dissect the resulting wave functions into their component $L$- and $S$-components. Remarkably, there is broad agreement with calculations using the phenomenological Cohen-Kurath forces, despite a gap of nearly 50 years and six orders of magnitude in basis dimensions. I suggest that $L\ensuremath{-}S$ decomposition may be a useful tool for analyzing ab initio wave functions of light nuclei, for example, in the case of rotational bands.
Embedded fiber Bragg grating pressure measurement during thermal ignition of a high explosive

A high-speed fiber Bragg grating based pressure-only measurement is reported for the high explosive PBXN-9 under thermal initiation conditions. During exothermic thermal runaway, an explosion rise time of 500 μs reaching a peak pressure of 660 MPa is measured. The approach offers a direct measure pressure diagnostic useful for quantifying reaction violence for high explosive chemistry.
Effect of postoperative positive airway pressure on risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective cohort study

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery. However, whether better management of OSA reduces the risk of POAF remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if postoperative positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment for OSA reduces POAF risk after cardiac surgery. PAP included both continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Stanford University teaching hospital. We included a total of 152 OSA patients with preoperative electrocardiography showing sinus rhythm who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair/replacement, or combined valve and CABG surgery from October 2007 to September 2014. Postoperative PAP use status was determined by reviewing electronic health records. The primary outcome was time to incident POAF. We reviewed records from the time of surgery to hospital discharge. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio of postoperative PAP in association with risk of POAF. Of the 152 OSA patients included for analysis, 86 (57%) developed POAF, and 76 (50%) received postoperative PAP treatment. POAF occurred in 37 (49%) of the patients receiving postoperative PAP, compared with 49 (65%) of those not receiving postoperative PAP (unadjusted p value = 0.33). Multivariable Cox regression analysis of time to incident POAF did not show an association between postoperative PAP treatment and risk of POAF (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.93 [95%CI: 0.58 – 1.48]). There were no significant differences in other postoperative complications between the two groups. The study did not find an association between postoperative PAP treatment and risk of POAF after cardiac surgery in patients with OSA. Future prospective randomized trials are needed to investigate this issue further.
Will a global warming agreement be fair to developing countries

Fairness, or equity, is a major concern of developing countries in negotiating a global agreement on greenhouse gas emission reductions. Operational versions of several equity concepts are analysed in the context of tradeable permits. We find that a global least–cost mitigation strategy is compatible with a variety of equity criteria. Moreover, the more cost–effective the global strategy, the greater the potential for North–South transfers. However, in many cases, the fairness of the final welfare outcomes differs significantly from the application of first principles for allocating permits. At the same time, several disparate equity criteria yield similar inter–country welfare outcomes. Still, some seemingly reasonable criteria are probably untenable from a political standpoint.
Paternal Care by Genetic Fathers and Stepfathers I: Reports from Albuquerque Men

Abstract We present a biosocial model of human male parental care that allows male parental allocations to be influenced not only by changes in the fitness (welfare) of the recipient offspring, but also by their effects on the man's relationship with the child's mother. The model recognizes four classes of relationships between males and the children they parent: genetic offspring of current mates (combined relationship and parental effort), genetic offspring of previous mates (parental effort solely), step offspring of current mates (relationship effort solely), and stepchildren of previous mates (essentially no expected investment). We test the model using data on parental investments collected from adult males living in Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Four measures of paternal investment are examined: the probability that a child attends college (2,191 offspring), the probability that a child who attends college receives money for it ( N = 1,212), current financial expenditures on children ( N = 635), and the amount of time per week that men spend with children ages 5 to 12 years ( N = 2,589). The tests are consistent with a role for relationship effort in parental care: men invest more in the children of their current mates, even when coresidence with offspring is not a confounder.
Jones matrix description of Fabry-Perot interference in a single axis photo-elastic modulator and the consequences for the magneto-optical measurement method

When using a Photo-elastic modulator (PEM) in combination with a coherent light source, in addition to the modulation of the phase, Fabry-Perot interference in the PEM’s optical head induces large offsets in the 1ω and 2ω detector signals. A Jones matrix which describes both effects simultaneously, was derived for a single axis PEM and used to find an expression for the detector signal for two different MO Kerr setups. The effect of the PEM tilt angle, polarizer angle, analyzer angle, and retardation, on the detector signal offsets show that offsets can be zeroed by adjusting PEM tilt angle, polarizer angle, and retardation. This strategy will allow one to avoid large offset drifts due to the small retardation, intensity, and beam direction fluctuations caused by lab temperature fluctuations. In addition, it will enable one to measure in the most sensitive range of the lock-in amplifiers further improving the signal to noise ratio of the setup.
Symmetric Matrices in n Dimensions

In the cases of dimensions 2 and 3, we have seen that a special role is played by symmetric matrices, those matrices that are equal to their own transposes. The same definition works in ℝ n for n ≥ 4, and as in the case of lower dimensions, these matrices have special properties that make them particularly valuable in the analysis of quadratic forms.
A concise review of BCL-2 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors with impaired ability to differentiate to mature cells causing accumulation of leukemic blasts in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and extramedullary tissue. Our understanding of the genomic landscape of AML has improved prognostic accuracy and lead to the development of targeted therapies. In 2017 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved midostaurin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, CPX-351 and enasidenib for the treatment of AML. There are many novel agents under investigation for treatment of AML, but those that inhibit the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2 are of particular interest due to strong pre-clinical data and early promising clinical results.Areas covered: This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of BCL-2 inhibition in AML, biomarkers and resistance mechanisms to BCL-2 inhibition and an update of results of the preclinical and clinical trials.Expert ...
In adults with S aureus bacteremia, adding rifampin to standard antibiotic therapy did not improve outcomes.

Source Citation Thwaites GE, Scarborough M, Szubert A, et al; United Kingdom Clinical Infection Research Group (UKCIRG). Adjunctive rifampin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (ARREST): a multic...
ACTIVATION OF AND TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN DNP-SPECIFIC B CELLS: ANALYSIS WITH THREE DISTINCT DNP-CARRIER CONJUGATES

Publisher Summary The mechanism by which precursors of antibody-secreting cells, B lymphocytes, are activated to proliferate and differentiate is still poorly understood despite the substantial progress which has been made in recent years. This chapter explains the B lymphocyte activation and the tolerance induction in such cells. It discusses the events dependent upon the participation of thymus dependent (T) lymphocytes and their products and antigen-driven events that are independent of T lymphocytes. At least three distinctive types of antigen-B cell interaction occur in the absence of T cells or in the presence of undetectable numbers of T cells. Specific activation including differentiation into antibody secretion without general B cell activation is mediated by direct B cell contact with 2,4-dinitrophenyl lysyl (DNP)-Ficoll. Specific inactivation by direct antigen-B cell contact but activation by macrophage-associated antigen within an appropriate dose range occurs with DNP-D-GL (D-glutamic acid and D-lysine). Stimulation of proliferation, with little or no antibody synthesis is mediated by DNP-bovine serum albumin.
The sense of presence within auditory virtual environments

Two studies were performed to investigate the sense of presence within stereoscopic virtual environments as a function of the addition or absence of auditory cues. The first study examined the presence or absence of spatialized sound, while the second study compared the use of nonspatialized sound to spatialized sound. Sixteen subjects were allowed to navigate freely throughout several virtual environments and for each virtual environment, their level of presence, the virtual world realism, and interactivity between the participant and virtual environment were evaluated using survey questions. The results indicated that the addition of spatialized sound significantly increased the sense of presence but not the realism of the virtual environment. Despite this outcome, the addition of a spatialized sound source significantly increased the realism with which the subjects interacted with the sound source, and significantly increased the sense that sounds emanated from specific locations within the virtual environment. The results suggest that, in the context of a navigation task, while presence in virtual environments can be improved by the addition of auditory cues, the perceived realism of a virtual environment may be influenced more by changes in the visual rather than auditory display media. Implications of these results for presence within auditory virtual environments are discussed.
Spotting misbehaviors in location-based social networks using tensors

The proliferation of mobile devices that are capable of estimating their position, has lead to the emergence of a new class of social networks, namely location-based social networks (LBSNs for short). The main interaction between users in an LBSN is location sharing. While the latter can be realized through continuous tracking of a user's whereabouts from the service provider, the majority of LBSNs allow users to voluntarily share their location, through check-ins. LBSNs provide incentives to users to perform check-ins. However, these incentives can also lead to people faking their location, thus, generating false information. In this work, we propose the use of tensor decomposition for spotting anomalies in the check-in behavior of users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to model this problem using tensor analysis.
Centering the significance of qualitative studies on the sociocultural and sociopolitical contexts of education to inform policy

Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.—Zora Neale Hurston from Dust Tracks on a Road (Hurston, 2004)The words of Zora Neale Hurston are inspirational for this vol...
Variability among observers utilizing the CellSolutions BestCyte Cell Sorter imaging system for the assessment of urinary tract cytology specimens.

Introduction Image analysis systems are not currently commonly used for evaluating urinary cytology specimens. We evaluated whether the BestCyte Cell Sorter (CellSolutions, Greensboro, NC) imaging system can reliably identify atypical cells in urinary cytology specimens. Methods Fifty-three consecutive urine cytology specimens underwent 2 preparations: one slide using SurePath (SP; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD)™ for routine clinical evaluation, and a second slide using the CellSolutions F50 system for analysis by the BestCyte Cell Sorter (BCCS) scanning system. Eight observers reviewed atypical cells flagged by BCCS and assigned a BCCS diagnosis to each of the 53 specimens. The observers also blindly reviewed the SP preparation (when available) and assigned an SP diagnosis. The SP diagnoses given by one “expert” observer was considered as a reference diagnosis. Results There was fair-to-moderate agreement among observers for identifying any atypia and high-grade atypia (Fleiss kappa: 0.417 and 0.338, respectively) using BCCS. Review of SP preparations had slightly better agreement (Fleiss kappa: 0.558 and 0.564, respectively). Intraobserver agreement between the two methods varied greatly between individuals (Cohen's kappa range: 0.260 to 0.647). When a consensus diagnosis could be reached among the observers for cases with surgical follow-up, the consensus diagnosis was concordant in 11 of 12 instances, with one instance being a one-step discrepancy. Conclusions Specimen review by BCCS resulted in slightly greater interobserver variability than review of routine SP preparations. This may have been due to variations in observer experience and comfort with the use of a digital imaging system, which is further suggested by the wide range of intraobserver agreement among individuals.
How Do Low-Income Chilean Parents Support Their Preschoolers’ Writing and Math Skills in a Grocery Game?

This study examined how parents supported children’s writing and math and whether parents’ support predicted children’s academic skills from the beginning of pre-kindergarten to the end of kinderga...
Intravenous sedation for the closed reduction of fractures in children

The safety and efficacy of intravenous sedation with both a narcotic and a benzodiazepine were evaluated in 104 consecutive children who had closed reduction of a fracture. Six patients had a subsequent additional reduction with intravenous sedation, so the study involved a total of 110 procedures. The average dose of meperidine was 1.47 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, and the average dose of midazolam was 0.11 milligram per kilogram of body weight. The interval between induction of the sedation and performance of the procedure averaged ten minutes, and the total duration of the procedure averaged thirty-nine minutes. There were no episodes of apnea or cardiorespiratory complications. Ninety-six (92 percent) of the initial 104 reductions were successful. Only four patients subsequently needed general anesthesia for a repeat closed reduction. The physician's satisfaction with the method of sedation was good or excellent for 103 (94 per cent) of the 110 procedures. Eighty-one (93 per cent) of eighty-seven patients who were able to respond had no memory of the reduction. A telephone survey conducted after the procedure revealed that eighty-four (98 per cent) of eighty-six parents who responded were satisfied with the method of sedation. Intravenous sedation with a narcotic and a benzodiazepine proved to be a safe and effective method of anesthesia for the closed reduction of fractures in children in our series. Careful monitoring of the patient after sedation is imperative.
Survivin Inhibition of p34Cdc2 Via Protection of Wee1 Correlates with Survival.

Abstract The inhibitor of apoptosis protein Survivin and p34Cdc2 (the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1) are involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Cdc2 and Survivin are tightly regulated in normal cells but deregulated in cancer. We have previously shown that Survivin regulates entry of hematopoietic stem cells into cell cycle. It has been established that Cdc2 phosphorylates Survivin at threonine 34 (T34), which is believed to be a stabilizing event necessary for normal Survivin function and anti-apoptotic activity. Activation of Cdc2 is required for its apoptotic activity and inhibition of the proapoptotic activity of Cdc2 can be achieved by phosphorylation at tyrosine 15 (Tyr15). Stable overexpression of a wild-type (wt) mouse Survivin-IRES-GFP construct in IL-3-dependent mouse BaF3 cells resulted in increased Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdc2 and enhanced cell proliferation, while cells transduced with a threonine 34 to alanine (T34A) dominant negative (DN) Survivin construct showed reduced Cdc2 Tyr15 phosphorylation and accelerated apoptosis. Furthermore, when apoptosis was induced in stably transduced BaF3 cells by IL-3 withdrawal, Survivin expression and phospho-Tyr15 levels correlated with enhanced survival and decreased survival and low phospho-Tyr15 levels correlated with Survivin disruption by T34A-DN-Survivin. Since Survivin does not contain intrinsic kinase activity we sought to determine what kinase(s) could be involved in stabilization or increase in phosphoTyr-15-Cdc2 by Survivin. Since Survivin inhibits caspase 3 activity and the Cdc2-targeting kinase Wee1 is a degradation target of active caspase 3, we performed immunoblotting assays on Survivin wt and T34A-transduced BaF3 cells and showed that cells over-expressing wt Survivin contain 2-fold higher levels of Wee1 protein as compared to those expressing vector or DN-Survivin. In addition, cells overexpressing wt Survivin contain >2-fold higher intact PARP protein levels which is another target of active caspase 3, as compared to cells transduced with MIEG vector. In order to test whether mimicking wt Survivin inhibition of caspase 3 could lead to increased Cdc2-Tyr15 phosphorylation, we evaluated the specific caspase 3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. Inhibition of caspase 3 in BaF3 cells produced an increase in Cdc2Tyr15 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, with 25 mM giving >4-fold higher intact PARP and >6-fold higher phospho-Tyr15 protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiapoptotic effect of Survivin is mediated through inactivation of Cdc2 by phosphorylation on Tyr-15 as a consequence of protection of the Wee1 kinase from degradation by caspase 3.
The Benefits of Health-Related Fitness Education in Secondary PE

The health status and physical activity levels in the United States of adolescents and adults is disheartening. Many health professionals have been using the term exercise is medicine to advocate more physically active lifestyles. Unfortunately, the focus of most PE curriculums is directed toward a sport and game model, which research indicates does not prepare students for continued PA, exercise, and fitness. This article challenges higher education and secondary PE programs to reevaluate the curricular approach of a sport and game model and shift to a health-related fitness education model. Health-related fitness education can empower students to create and execute a plan for lifetime fitness through learning the skills (e.g., exercise modalities) and knowledge (e.g., goal setting, FITT principles, planning) needed for staying fit. Health-related fitness education also helps develop self-efficacy and other affective attributes that can motivate for lifelong habitual adherence. There is no greater time than now for PE to be the leader in exercise is medicine, by equipping youth with the tools to make exercise, PA, fitness, and health a way of life today and forever.Subscribe to TPE
Using Behavioral Theory to Enhance Occupational Safety and Health: Applications to Health Care Workers.

Work-related morbidity and mortality are persistent public health problems across all US industrial sectors, including health care. People employed in health care and social services are at high ri...
One-Volt TiO₂ Thin Film Transistors With Low-Temperature Process

We report one-volt TiO2 thin film transistors (TFTs) with a low-temperature fabrication process. The TFTs with the 300 °C-annealed TiO2 channel exhibit a high on/off current ratio ( $\text{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/\text{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}})$ of $5.4\times 10^{7}$ , a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 75 mV/dec and a saturation field effect mobility ( $\mu _{{\mathrm {sat}}}$ ) of 2.13 cm $^{2}\cdot V^{-1}\cdot s^{-1}$ under an ultra-low voltage of 1 V. In contrast, the TFTs with the 200 °C-annealed TiO2 channel show no appreciable currents. Such a distinct conductivity difference is attributed to the crystallinity transformation of stoichiometric TiO2, the charge transport of which can be well explained by the multiple-trapping-and-release (MTR) model. The channel/dielectric interfaces of these one-volt TiO2 TFTs are further investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multi-frequency ( ${f}$ ) capacitance-voltage (C-V), and conductance-voltage (G-V) measurements. The interface trap density ( $\text{D}_{{\mathrm {it}}}$ ) values of $\sim 5\times 10^{12}$ cm $^{-2}\cdot {\mathrm {eV}}^{-1}$ obtained from both C-V and G-V measurements are in good agreement, suggesting a high-quality channel/dielectric interface. These one-volt TiO2 TFTs show a great potential in emerging applications, such as foldable displays and wearable sensors, where a battery-powered operation is required.
Does Consumption Buy Happiness? Evidence From China

Using the 2012 China Household Finance Survey, this study finds that happiness in China is positively associated with expenditures on status and social goods, not with spending that focuses on improving one’s material well-being. It also demonstrates that government-led demolition can be a unique and good instrument to control for endogeneity between happiness and wealth in China.
Hypothesis Testing for Equality of Latent Positions in Random Graphs

We consider the hypothesis testing problem that two vertices $i$ and $j$ of a generalized random dot product graph have the same latent positions, possibly up to scaling. Special cases of this hypotheses test include testing whether two vertices in a stochastic block model or degree-corrected stochastic block model graph have the same block membership vectors. We propose several test statistics based on the empirical Mahalanobis distances between the $i$th and $j$th rows of either the adjacency or the normalized Laplacian spectral embedding of the graph. We show that, under mild conditions, these test statistics have limiting chi-square distributions under both the null and local alternative hypothesis, and we derived explicit expressions for the non-centrality parameters under the local alternative. Using these limit results, we address the model selection problem of choosing between the standard stochastic block model and its degree-corrected variant. The effectiveness of our proposed tests are illustrated via both simulation studies and real data applications.
Organization of exploratory behavior under dark conditions in female and male rats.

Abstract Sexually dimorphic performance has been observed across humans and rodents in many spatial tasks. In general, these spatial tasks do not dissociate the use of environmental and self-movement cues. Previous work has demonstrated a role for self-movement cue processing in organizing open field behavior; however, these studies have not directly compared female and male movement characteristics. The current study examined the organization of open field behavior under dark conditions in female and male rats. Significant differences between female and male rats were observed in the location of stopping behavior relative to a cue and the topography exhibited during lateral movements. In contrast, no sex differences were observed on measures used to detect self-movement cue processing deficits. These results provide evidence that female and male rats are similar in their use of self-movement cues to organize open field behavior; however, other factors may be contributing to differences in performance.
Presence of Comorbidities Associated with Severe Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Comorbidities increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization and mortality. As many comorbidities are common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we sought to investigate the effects of comorbidities in these patients on infection severity. To evaluate association between individual comorbidities and COVID-19 infection severity among patients with IBD. Data were obtained from SECURE-IBD, an international registry created to evaluate COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IBD. We used multivariable regression to analyze associations between eleven non-IBD comorbidities and a composite primary outcome of COVID-19-related hospitalization or death. Comorbidities were first modeled individually, adjusting for potential confounders. Next, to determine the independent effect of comorbidities, we fit a model including all comorbidities as covariates. We analyzed 2,035 patients from 58 countries (mean age 42.7 years, 50.6% male). A total of 538 patients (26.4%) experienced severe COVID-19. All comorbidities but a history of stroke and obesity were associated with severe infection in our initial analysis, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.9 to 3.7. In a model including all comorbidities significantly associated with the composite outcome in the initial analysis, as well as other confounders, most comorbidities remained significant, with the highest risk in chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many non-IBD comorbidities are associated with a two to threefold increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or death among patients with IBD. These data can be used to risk-stratify and guide treatment and lifestyle decisions during the ongoing pandemic.
Selection of microbial population in chlortetracycline-treated ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus).

Microorganisms isolated from chlortetracycline (CTC)-treated ocean perch were individually tested to determine their relative sensitivity to CTC by use of CTC-impregnated paper discs. The CTC sensitivity varied among isolates obtained from untreated fish. The proportion of CTC-resistant species increased with higher CTC concentration and the length of storage at 7 C. Among individual generic groups, “coryneforms” and yeasts were more resistant to CTC than other groups. Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus all contained species either resistant or sensitive to CTC. More CTC-resistant species in these genera accumulated with the increased CTC concentrations and with the length of storage in the presence of CTC.
Chapter 55 Values of non-transferable utility games

Abstract This chapter surveys a class of solution concepts for n -person games without transferable utility — NTU games for short — that are based on varying notions of “fair division”. An NTU game is a specification of payoffs attainable by members of each coalition through some joint course of action. The players confront the problem of choosing a payoff or solution that is feasible for the group as a whole. This is a bargaining problem and its solution may be reasonably required to satisfy various criteria, and different sets of rules or axioms will characterize different solutions or classes of solutions. For transferable utility games, the main axiomatic solution is the Shapley Value and this chapter deals with values of NTU games , i.e., solutions for NTU games that coincide with the Shapley value in the transferable utility case. We survey axiomatic characterizations of the Shapley NTU value, the Harsanyi solution, the Egalitarian solution and the non-symmetric generalizations of each. In addition, we discuss approaches to some of these solutions using the notions of potential and consistency for NTU games with finitely many as well as infinitely many players.
Bramante's Tempietto, the Roman Renaissance, and the Spanish Crown

1. Jerusalem in Rome 2. Upon this rock 3. Bramante's Christian temple 4. Symbols of victory 5. History and prophecy 6. Papacy and crown.
Sorption of noble gases by solids, with reference to meteorites. II - Chromite and carbon. III - Sulfides, spinels, and other substances; on the origin of planetary gases

The trapping of noble gases by chromite and carbon, two putative carriers of primordial noble gases in meteorites, was studied by synthesizing 19 samples in a Ne-Ar-Kr-Xe atmosphere at 440-720 K. Noble gas contents are found to approximately obey Henry's Law, but only slight correlations are found with composition, surface area, or adsorption temperature. Geometric mean distribution coefficients for bulk samples and HCl residues in 10 cu cm STP/g atm are: Xe 100, Kr 15, Ar 3.5, and Ne 0.62. Elemental fractionation data support the suggestion of Lewis et al. (1977) that chromite and carbon in C2 and C3 chondrites were formed by the reaction: Fe, Cr + 4CO yields (Fe, Cr)3O4 + 4C + carbides. In contrast to meteoritic minerals, the synthetic specimens show no isotopic fractionation of noble gases. In a subsequent study, attention is given to the cases of sulfides and spinels, on the way to consideration of the origin of planetary gases. Sulfides showed three distinctive trends relative to chromite or magnetite. The elemental fractionation pattern of Ar, Kr and Xe in meteorites, terrestrial rocks and planets resembles the adsorption patterns on the carbons, spinels, sulfides, and other solids studied. The high release temperature of meteoritic noble gases may be explained by transformation of the physisorbed or chemisorbed gas. The ready loss of meteoritic heavy gases on surficial oxidation is consistent with adsorption, as is the high abundance.
Parahydrogen enhanced NMR reveals correlations in selective hydrogenation of triple bonds over supported Pt catalyst

Parahydrogen induced polarization using heterogeneous catalysis can produce impurity-free hyperpolarized gases and liquids, but the comparatively low signal enhancements and limited scope of substrates that can be polarized pose significant challenges to this approach. This study explores the surface processes affecting the disposition of the bilinear spin order derived from parahydrogen in the hydrogenation of propyne over TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticles. The hyperpolarized adducts formed at low magnetic field are adiabatically transported to high field for analysis by proton NMR spectroscopy at 400 MHz. For the first time, the stereoselectivity of pairwise addition to propyne is measured as a function of reaction conditions. The correlation between partial reduction selectivity and stereoselectivity of pairwise addition is revealed. The systematic trends are rationalized in terms of a hybrid mechanism incorporating non-traditional concerted addition steps and well-established reversible step-wise addition involving the formation of a surface bound 2-propyl intermediate.
Reduction in Hepatic Microsomal P‐450 and Related Catalytic Activity in Farm‐Raised Red Drum

Abstract Hepatic microsomal factors were investigated in red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, an important aquaculture and sportfish species. Constitutive and induced levels of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and P-420, catalytic activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and NADPH–cytochrome-c reductase, and the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation were compared in juvenile farm-raised and wild fish. We detected smaller amounts of active cytochrome P.450 and more cytochrome P-420, the denatured form of cytochrome P-450, in farm-raised than in wild red drum. Lipid peroxide formation was significantly higher and EROD catalytic activity was decreased in farm-raised red drum, whereas wild fish exhibited significantly higher levels of cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity. No significant alterations in NADPH–cytochrome-c reductase activity were observed in farm-raised fish. The livers from farm-raised red drum had higher levels of cellular lipid, which correlated with higher levels of lipid peroxides and were app...
Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase Activity in GHX Cells by Chlorpromazine and a Heat-Stable Factor*

An adenylate cyclase present in a PRL-producing tumor cell line, GH1, which is selectively stimulated by chlorpromazine, has been characterized with respect to several biochemical properties. The parameters studied include divalent metal ion specificity, guanyl nucleotide interaction, and sensitivity to sodium fluoride. The effects of calcium and the calcium chelator, EGTA, were also tested on the chlorpromazine response. The data reported herein establish the optimal conditions for the activation of adenylate cyclase by chlorpromazine in homogenates of GH1 cells. In addition, the results from this study identify a heat-stable protein in these cells which regulates cyclase activity. This protein, which can be released into the supernatant by the pretreatment of GH1 cells with EGTA, is an absolute requirement for chlorpromazine stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in these cells. The activation of adenylate cyclase by chlorpromazine in homogenates of normal rat pituitaries was demonstrated as well as ...
Modulational Instabilities of Periodic Traveling Waves in Deep Water

Abstract The spectrum of periodic traveling waves in deep water is discussed. A multi-scale method is used, expanding the spectral data and the Bloch parameter in wave amplitude, to compute the size and location of modulated instabilities. The role of these instabilities in limiting the spectrum’s analyticity is explained. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional instabilities are calculated. The asymptotic predictions are compared to numerical simulations.
Full-scale ferromagnetic active tagging testing of C-channel composite elements

This paper presents the work we have done on a health monitoring technique called active non-destructive evaluation (ANDE) for detecting delaminations in full-scale C-channel structural elements of glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites using active ferromagnetic tagging. Conventional non-destructive evaluation methods are not very effective in monitoring the material conditions of GFRP composite and adhesive joints. A technology that has been proposed to enhance inspection of such non-conductive and non-magnetic GFRP composites is the particle tagging technique. This technique, previously demonstrated on small scale laboratory samples is being developed for full-scale C-channel composite elements. This technique relies on comparing changes in local-area mechanical properties of the structure to identify delaminations. Unlike conventional passive tagging NDE inspection, our technique uses an electromagnetic exciter to interrogate tagged composites over a broad frequency range. As the vibration excitation approaches the resonant frequency of the area of the disbondment, the response amplitude obtained for a given force input increases. Therefore, at frequencies around the transverse resonance of the layer above a defect, the response for a given force will be greater than the response in flawless regions of the structure. Thus, the ANDE test may be based on response measurements alone. The technique is most sensitive if excitation is applied at the plate resonant frequency. Since this frequency is dependent on defect size and depth, a broad band of frequencies must be covered. A laser Doppler vibrometer is a high-sensitivity, high-speed and non-contacting instrument used for detecting surface vibrations. The frequency response curves are obtained using a fast Fourier transform signal processor. An algorithm based on training a neural network to detect significant differences between healthy and damaged structures is then applied to recognize delaminations in full scale structural elements. This method provides the fundamental technology needed for developing a commercial system to monitor the integrity of composite structures, both during manufacturing and during their lifetime as structural elements.
Phenology of Paralemanea annulata (Lemaneaceae, Rhodophyta) in an Ohio woodland stream

Paralemanea annulata, a member of Lemaneaceae (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) was investigated in a field study to monitor its seasonality and determine environmental parameters that play a role in its phenology. Macroscopic gametophytes were present during the months of December–August, and percent cover dropped precipitously from June to July. Thalli had spermatangia present in all months except December and carposporophytes were observed in May and June. Audouinella hermannii thickly colonized the thalli March–June. Lack of thalli from September–November corresponded with low water and increased water temperature. New growth of gametophytes was first observed in December. Gametophyte percent cover showed a positive correlation with both current velocity and light intensity. A laboratory study was conducted in the winter and spring, which investigated growth in relation to temperature, daylength and light intensity. Thalli grew more slowly in the 5 °C treatments than the 15 °C treatments and no clear trends could be determined among the daylength and light intensity treatments. For all treatments, thalli grew more in the winter than the spring experiment.
Use of the Orbital Space Laboratory for Research in Biology and Medicine

SUMMARY A manned orbital laboratory is the next major space program of the United States following Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. This laboratory will be the first of a generation of space laboratories and will engage in biomedical research during its flight. It presents an extraordinary research environment. It will make a major contribution to our knowledge of chest disease and will provide useful tools for our employment in diagnoses, clinical practice, and disease prevention.
WALK ON FOUR LEGS NOT ON TWO

![Figure][1] When walking, most mammalian quadrupeds use lateral-sequence gaits, where hindlimb footfall is followed by the ipsilateral (same-side) forelimb. By contrast, primates generally use what is known as a diagonal-sequence gait; after one hindlimb makes ground contact, the
Absence of an alpha two-macroglobulin-protease complex in cystic fibrosis.

Extract: The present study using immunologic methodology confirms previous observations from this laboratory of an absence of a protease component with arginine esterase activity in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study, the pooled plasma from control individuals was activated and partially purified after adsorption on columns of soybean trypsin inhibitor conjugated to Sepharose 4B followed by elution with benzamidine. The fraction was further purified by isoelectrofocusing on polyacrylamide gels. Proteins around the pI range of 5.5 were eluted and utilized to prepare an antiserum. Immunoelectrophoresis of activated plasma samples from control subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis was performed utilizing the antiserum. In controls, four precipitin arcs with residual esterase activity were observed, whereas only three were seen in plasma from patients with cystic fibrosis. Double gel diffusion experiments using specific antisera ruled out the presence of trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasminogen, prothrombin, C1 esterase, α1-trypsin inhibitor, and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor in the concentrated benzamidine eluate. The antisera to α2-macroglobulin gave an immunoprecipitate which was readily stained for proteolytic activity. On immunoelectrophoresis, the α2-macroglobulin precipitin band corresponded to the band absent in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In contrast, the α2-macroglobulin levels were similar in plasma of control subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. Using the antiserum to the protein fraction with a pI of 5.5 in cross immunoelectrophoresis, three “rockets” with proteolytic activity could be demonstrated in control plasma. One specific enzyme-active “rocket” was absent in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In a double blind study of 15 control samples and 15 samples from patients with cystic fibrosis, a specific “rocket” was shown to be present in 13 control samples and absent in 14 cystic fibrosis samples. α2-Macroglobulin was determined by both an immunologic procedure and by its trypsin binding (trypsin protein esterase concentration). The ratio of the immunologic assay to the biologic activity assay was 90 for the normal plasma samples and only 65 for cystic fibrosis samples.
Zinc oxide-based thin film functional layers for chemiresistive sensors

Sol–gel wet-chemical techniques were used to prepare ZnO, Al–ZnO (Al:Zn = 1:10 mol/mol) and Cu–ZnO (Cu:Zn = 1:10 mol/mol) thin films for characterization as functional layers for chemiresistive oxygen sensors. Cu and Al minor components influence the ZnO films' topography and their thermally induced chemical and structural evolution. As prepared (room temperature) films have the structure of layered basic zinc acetate, a lamellar ZnO precursor. Upon annealing at temperatures through 973 K, the films display similar chemical evolution patterns—temperatures above 773 K are needed to completely desorb solvents and decompose precursors. Cu facilitates c-axis orientation of the film as its structure matures, while Al slows its crystallization. Chemiresistive sensors, fabricated by coating thin film functional layers onto interdigitated electrode (IDE) transducers, were evaluated for their responses to oxygen at operating temperatures through 873 K. A ZnO/IDE sensor displays high sensitivity for O2 at an intermediate temperature, 673 K, reflecting an optimal balance between surface O2 coverage and carrier availability. At 1:10 mol/mol Cu:Zn and Al:Zn, the developing ZnO structure cannot accommodate all minor component atoms. Surplus atoms accumulate in independent phases at grain boundaries, contributing to both high base resistances (in N2) and low sensitivity to oxygen.
High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Analysis of GaN-Based Heterostructures Grown by OMVPE

The authors demonstrate the use of triple axis diffraction measurements, including {Phi} scans (in which the sample is rotated about an axis perpendicular to its surface) to assess the crystal perfection of wurtzite GaN layers on sapphire grown using different pre-nitridation growth treatments by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. The {Phi} scans determine the in-plane misorientation angles between the crystallites and hence provide information on the edge dislocation density. Using glancing incidence (1014) and (1015) reflections, they determined that the misorientation among the GaN crystallites decreases with increasing layer thickness and that the pre-nitridation conditions control the initial level of misorientation. Triple axis {omega} and {omega}-2{theta} scans around the (0002) reflection did not show a systematic trend with increasing layer thickness. However, layers grown without a pre-nitridation step tended to exhibit higher values of both mosaic spread and strain. The appropriate asymmetric reflections for GaN-based {Phi} scan measurements are determined using structure factor calculations, which are presented here.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL FORMATS ON CONCEPT RETENTION AND PROBLEM–SOLVING ABILITY*

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different interdisciplinary problem-oriented formats on a student's knowledge of and retention of disciplinary concepts and principles, his application of these concepts and principles to disciplinary problems, and his use of a discipline in his analysis of a complex problem. Performances of students enrolled in the experimental sections were compared to those of students enrolled in standard lecture-discussion sections. Regression analysis was used to analyze students' performance in order to control the effects of differences in student backgrounds. It was found that altering the pedagogical format and reward system within the experimental sections had no significant effect upon student performances in the experimental, problem-oriented program. In general, this study indicates that students taught in the standard lecture-discussion format in which grades are determined by examination over course material retain concepts and principles, apply these concepts and principles to disciplinary problems, and integrate disciplinary concepts into their analysis of complex problems as well as, if not better than, students taught in an interdisciplinary, problem-solving format.