cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Qualitative properties of solutions for an integral system related to the Hardy–Sobolev inequality

Abstract This article carries out a qualitative analysis on a system of integral equations of the Hardy–Sobolev type. Namely, results concerning Liouville type properties and the fast and slow decay rates of positive solutions for the system are established. For a bounded and decaying positive solution, it is shown that it either decays with the slow rates or the fast rates depending on its integrability. Particularly, a criterion for distinguishing integrable solutions from other bounded and decaying solutions in terms of their asymptotic behavior is provided. Moreover, related results on the optimal integrability, boundedness, radial symmetry and monotonicity of positive integrable solutions are also established. As a result of the equivalence between the integral system and a system of poly-harmonic equations under appropriate conditions, the results translate over to the corresponding poly-harmonic system. Hence, several classical results on semilinear elliptic systems are recovered and further generalized.
Evaluation of 3D Face Recognition in the presence of facial expressions: an Annotated Deformable Model approach

From a users perspective, face recognition is one of the most desirable biometrics, due to its non-intrusive nature; however, variables such as face expression tend to severely affect recognition rates. We have applied to this problem our previous work on elastically adaptive deformable models to obtain parametric representations of the geometry of selected localized face areas using an annotated face model. We then use wavelet analysis to extract a compact biometric signature, thus allowing us to perform rapid comparisons on either a global or a per area basis. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, we have conducted experiments using data from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge data corpus, the largest and most established data corpus for face recognition currently available. Our results indicate that our algorithm exhibits high levels of accuracy and robustness, and is not gender biased. In addition, it is minimally affected by facial expressions.
Large-Scale Molecular Characterization of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Integration in Mouse Liver

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector holds promise for gene therapy. Despite a low frequency of chromosomal integration of vector genomes, recent studies have raised concerns about the risk of rAAV integration because integration occurs preferentially in genes and accompanies chromosomal deletions, which may lead to loss-of-function insertional mutagenesis. Here, by analyzing 347 rAAV integrations in mice, we elucidate novel features of rAAV integration: the presence of hot spots for integration and a strong preference for integrating near gene regulatory sequences. The most prominent hot spot was a harmless chromosomal niche in the rRNA gene repeats, whereas nearly half of the integrations landed near transcription start sites or CpG islands, suggesting the possibility of activating flanking cellular disease genes by vector integration, similar to retroviral gain-of-function insertional mutagenesis. Possible cancer-related genes were hit by rAAV integration at a frequency of 3.5%. In addition, the information about chromosomal changes at 218 integration sites and 602 breakpoints of vector genomes have provided a clue to how vector terminal repeats and host chromosomal DNA are joined in the integration process. Thus, the present study provides new insights into the risk of rAAV-mediated insertional mutagenesis and the mechanisms of rAAV integration.
From PLANNER to CONNIVER: a genetic approach

A higher level language derives its great power from the fact that it tends to impose structure on the problem solving behavior of the user. Besides providing a library of useful subroutines with a uniform calling sequence, the author of a higher level language imposes his theory of problem solving on the user. By choosing what primitive data structures, control structures, and operators he presents, he makes the implementation of some algorithms more difficult than others, thus discouraging some techniques and encouraging others. So, to be good, a higher level language must not only simplify the job of programming, by providing features which package programming structures commonly found in the domain for which the language was designed, it must also do its best to discourage the use of structures which lead to bad algorithms.
Inflation: Flow, fixed points and observables to arbitrary order in slow roll

I generalize the inflationary flow equations of Hoffman and Turner to arbitrary order in slow roll. This makes it possible to study the predictions of slow roll inflation in the full observable parameter space of the tensor/scalar ratio r, spectral index n, and running $dn/d\mathrm{ln}k.$ It also becomes possible to identify exact fixed points in the parameter flow. I numerically evaluate the flow equations to fifth order in slow roll for a set of randomly chosen initial conditions and find that the models cluster strongly in the observable parameter space, indicating a ``generic'' set of predictions for slow roll inflation. I comment briefly on the interesting proposed correspondence between flow in inflationary parameter space and renormalization group flow in a boundary conformal field theory.
Strategic Tendering in Dutch Auction Share Repurchases

This paper presents a model of Dutch auction share repurchases which yields predictions about the relationship between firm characteristics (in terms of ownership structure, firm size, etc.) and the auction oucome (in terms of repurchase premium and aggregate supply elasticity). We find empirical support for the existence of strategic tendering in Dutch auction share repurchases. The size of repurchase premium decreases with the number of blockholders and increases with the percentage of shares held by blockholders. The aggregate supply elasticity increases with the number of blockholders and decreases with the percentage of shares held by blockholders. The firm sets minimum repurchasing premium in order to attract greater participation from the small investors. We also find evidence that the firm is more likely to use the auction method when there are more blockholders and when the stock is less volatile.
J/ψ, ϒ(1S) and χb(3p) Production Measurement with the ATLAS Detector

Abstract The J / ψ and ϒ ( 1 S ) production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity. Results are compared to QCD predictions. A new χ b state has been observed though radiative transitions to the ϒ ( 1 S ) and ϒ ( 2 S ) states.
Models for gene duplication when dosage balance works as a transition state to subsequent neo- or sub-functionalization

Dosage balance has been described as an important process for the retention of duplicate genes after whole genome duplication events. However, dosage balance is only a temporary mechanism for duplicate gene retention, as it ceases to function following the stochastic loss of interacting partners, as dosage balance itself is lost with this event. With the prolonged period of retention, on the other hand, there is the potential for the accumulation of substitutions which upon release from dosage balance constraints, can lead to either subsequent neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization. Mechanistic models developed to date for duplicate gene retention treat these processes independently, but do not describe dosage balance as a transition state to eventual functional change. Here a model for these processes (dosage plus neofunctionalization and dosage plus subfunctionalization) has been built within an existing framework. Because of the computational complexity of these models, a simpler modeling framework that captures the same information is also proposed. This model is integrated into a phylogenetic birth-death model, expanding the range of available models. Including further levels of biological reality in methods for gene tree/species tree reconciliation should not only increase the accuracy of estimates of the timing and evolutionary history of genes but can also offer insight into how genes and genomes evolve. These new models add to the tool box for characterizing mechanisms of duplicate gene retention probabilistically.
DP: a Fast Median Filter Approximation

We present a new non-discrete algorithm that quickly approximates a median filter. This new algorithm proves to be faster than our implementations of many other fast median filter algorithms.
Acute Intraorbital Hemorrhage following Reduction of a Displaced Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture

Orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) fractures are commonly encountered by the craniomaxillofacial trauma surgeon and may, in fact, be the most common type of orbital fracture. Disruption of articulation with the frontal and sphenoid bones causes disruption of the internal orbital skeleton, which can result in diplopia from extraocular muscle swelling or entrapment, or enophthalmos from increased orbital volume. Although there is significant energy transferred to the orbit in these injuries, blindness and intraorbital hematoma are, fortunately, relatively rare complications, typically seen pre- or postoperatively. In this report, we describe the development of acute intraorbital hemorrhage following reduction of a displaced OZMC fracture.
RANDOM-FRAGMENT HYBRIDIZATION ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION IN THE GENUS NEUROSPORA: THE STATUS OF FOUR-SPORED STRAINS.

A random-fragment hybridization method employing nuclear DNA has been developed to explore phylogenetic relationships in the genus Neurospora. Four cloned fragments and repetitive rDNA sequences were examined for restriction-fragment polymorphisms among 14 strains representing four species. The findings demonstrate that variation among randomly selected nuclear fragments can be employed to group related taxa with a higher degree of resolution than has been obtained with other DNA hybridization methods, isozyme electrophoresis, or restriction analysis of repetitive DNA. Based on our analysis of cloned fragments, we conclude that four-spored, secondarily-homothallic strains collected worldwide represent a monophyletic group. Trees constructed on the basis of restriction-fragment cataloging and coarse-structure restriction-site maps are for the most part consistent with the present mating-based species concept. We are encouraged that this method will provide an additional important experimental tool for evolutionary studies.
Importance of Equipment Archives Management in Center for Disease Control and Prevention

With the continuous development of science and technology,new advanced apparatus are continuously introduced and old one are renewed at the same time,and thus the equipment archives is increasingly important in center for disease control and prevention( CDC). The equipment archive is a key link in the equipment management in CDCs. With the practical situation in Sichuan CDC,this study explored how to better manage the equipment archives in CDCs.
Application of Hybrid Genetic Algorithm in Optimal Operation of Natural Gas Pipe Network

For optimizing the operation of natural gas pipe network system,this paper expatiates on two kinds of mathematical models of the network operation. One is the objective function based on maximum benefit of the system,another is the objective function based on maximum flow of the system. In addition,eight constraint conditions are imposed,such as pipeline strength,influence of valve and compressor. On the basis of genetic algorithm and simulative annealing algorithm,a hybrid generic algorithm is presented. The results in this paper show that the efficiency of the hybrid generic algorithm is higher than that of the complex algorithm with increment of 1.968 %,and it possesses the features of global searching and fast convergence,therefore is more valid and practical.
Traveling Wave Modes of a Plane Layered Anelastic Earth

Abstract : Incorporation of attenuation into the normal mode sum representations of seismic signals is commonlyeffected by applying perturbation theory. This is fine for weak attenuation, but problematic forstronger attenuation. In this work modes of the anelastic medium are represented as complexsuperpositions of elastic eigenfunctions. For the P-SV system a generalized eigenvalue equation for thecomplex eigenwavenumbers and complex coefficients used to construct the anelastic eigenfunctions isderived. The generalized eigenvalue problem for the P-SV problem is exactly linear in theeigenwavenumber at the expense of doubling the dimension. The SH problem is exactly linear in thesquare of the eigenwavenumber. This is in contrast to a similar standing wave problem for the earthfree oscillations (Tromp and Dahlen,1990). Attenuation is commonly incorporated into syntheticseismogram calculations by introduction of complex frequency dependent elastic moduli. The modulidepend nonlinearly on the frequency. The independent variable in the standing wave free oscillationproblem is the frequency, which makes the eigenvalue problem nonlinear. The choice of the wavenumber asthe independent variable for the traveling wave problem leads to a linear problem.
AIDS and the gastrointestinal tract.

PreviewA compromised immune system can endanger patients in countless ways. Fortunately, the huge constellation of illnesses that threaten patients with AIDS is gradually being defined and studied. Dr Forsmark discusses the effects of AIDS on the gastrointestinal system and the appropriate evaluation and treatment of patients with diarrhea, esophageal symptoms, and abnormal liver function.
Problematic Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Editorial commentant 2 articles parus dans ce numero montrant qu'il demeure plus facile d'operer pour une hydronephrose que de determiner si l'operation est reellement necessaire
Decreased Fibronectin Biosynthesis by Human Cord Blood Mononuclear Phagocytes In Vitro

Cultured cord blood monocytes synthesize significantly less fibronectin than cultured monocyte-macrophages from adult peripheral blood. Biosynthesis of the second component of complement in vitro is similar for both cell systems. The monocyte-macrophages from neonates and adults have similar functional and morphologic properties in long-term cultures. The decreased monocyte-macrophage biosynthesis of fibronectin observed in vitro may be in part related to the reduced plasma fibronectin concentrations and reticuloendothelial system hypofunction which occur in newborn infants.
Methylidyne-replaced boron nitride fullerenes and nanotubes: a wave function study

Methylidyne (CH) groups are shown here through ab initio wavefunction computations to strengthen the fullerene cages of the smallest boron nitride fullerenes, B12N12 and B16N16, when a CH replaces a nitrogen atom. Adding the carbon atoms strengthens the stabilization energy of the molecule for up to six CH inclusions in B12N12 and seven for B16N16. Once two CH groups are present on a single four-membered ring in the octahedral structure, the favorable stabilization of the isoelectronic methylidynes is overcome by the steric repulsion of the hydrogen atoms in relatively close proximity. Differently, boron nitride nanotube models are actually destabilized with every CH replacement of a nitrogen. Provided that these replacements are fairly far apart (on the order of two rings away), the decrease in stabilization energy per atom is only less than 0.02 eV. The fullerenes are able to pucker more easily than the nanotubes making their methylidyne favored as opposed to the slight disfavor in the latter set. In either case, the presence of the hydrocarbon(s) in either the fullerene or nanotube framework is a potential application for hydrogen storage and materials development.
A 150 GHz sub-0.1- mu m E/D MODFET MSI process

We report a method for fabricating sub-0.1- mu m gates using conventional optical contact lithography, exploiting self-limiting notch formation in conformal PECVD oxide between ohmic contacts, and the limited lateral etch of oxide by RIE. The resulting gate openings in the oxide are very narrow ( approximately=700 AA), and quite uniform ( sigma >
Abstract A095: Immunosuppressive plasmocytes regulate the development of NASH-induced HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a rather common and lethal malignancy, is the prevalent common form of liver cancer, associated with chronic tissue damage caused by fat accumulation, environmental toxicants, viral infections, inflammation and stress. Although at present, hepatitis virus infections are the primary HCC risk factors, they will soon be replaced by hypernutrition and ethanol consumption, both of which cause hepatic steatosis. According to a recent CDC report the incidence of HCC continues to grow at an alarming yearly rate, in part due to the obesity epidemic. This has sparked a considerable effort to understand how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more aggressive manifestation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), drive HCC development. Although, many studies have confirmed that NASH to HCC progression is inflammation dependent, the role of adaptive immune responses in NASH-promoted HCC is largely unknown. We recently identified a type of B cells in both mouse and human prostate cancer (PC), that have potent immunosuppressive properties. Ablation of these immunosuppressive plasmocytes (ISP), enables nearly complete elimination of large and advanced PC tumors upon treatment with the immunogenic chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin. ISP are IgA-producing plasmocytes that express the immunosuppressive molecules IL-10 and PD-L1. In PCa, generation of ISP is driven by TGFβ, which is produced in large amounts by αSMA+ CAF, which also produce the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13. We therefore examined whether ISP are present in other tumors that are rich in TGFβ (and CXCL13)-producing αSMA+ myofibroblasts and confirmed their presence in two mouse models of liver cancers that develop in the context of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Meanwhile, a strong correlation between circulating IgA and the degree of liver fibrosis was observed in patients suffering from NASH. Interestingly, accumulation of IgA and IL-10 expressing plasmocytes precedes HCC development and is not seen in mice that develop simple steatosis. The depletion of IL-10 and PD-L1-expressing ISP in livers of NASH-afflicted mice resulted in at least a 50% decrease in tumor burden accompanied by CTL activation and infiltration. Thus, a combination of anti-PD-L1 or other ISP-depleting treatment with a suitable immunogenic chemotherapeutic agent may result in more extensive HCC regression. Citation Format: Shabnam Shalapour, Michael Karin. Immunosuppressive plasmocytes regulate the development of NASH-induced HCC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A095.
Reden wir über Sport

Ergebnisse mit anderen Wissenschaftlern zu teilen, ist fur den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt unabdingbar und erfordert, dass Informationen vollstandig und prazise weitergegeben werden. Doch wie uberall in der Kommunikation zwischen Menschen, gibt es auch in der Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse ein groses Potenzial fur Fehler und Missverstandnisse. Da man vollstandige Beschreibungen effizient austauschen muss, hat sich in den meisten Wissenschaften eine umfangreiche Fachsprache entwickelt, deren sehr genaue, fachspezifische Bedeutungen den Experten des jeweiligen Gebietes bekannt sind.
Facile Synthesis and Direct Activation of Zirconium Based Metal–Organic Frameworks from Acetone

In recent years much emphasis has been placed on the synthesis of highly novel metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with general disregard to development of sustainable synthesis techniques. A novel synthesis of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2, two highly stable MOFs that have shown much promise in the area of catalysis and reactive removal of small molecules, from acetone is demonstrated here. Using this method, the MOFs can be activated by simple heating under vacuum without the need for solvent exchange, which can be a timely processing step that requires the use of large amounts of solvent. The activity of the series of MOFs synthesized at various temperatures was determined by the rate of hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon and the reactive capacity of UiO-66-NH2 with chlorine gas. Direct correlations were observed between synthesis temperature, crystallinity, BET surface area, and activity of the MOFs.
Synthesis and characterization of pHLIP® coated gold nanoparticles.

Novel approaches in synthesis of spherical and multispiked gold nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP®) were introduced. The presence of a tumor-targeting pHLIP® peptide in the nanoparticle coating enhances the stability of particles in solution and promotes a pH-dependent cellular uptake. The spherical particles were prepared with sodium citrate as a gold reducing agent to form particles of 7.0±2.5 nm in mean metallic core diameter and ∼43 nm in mean hydrodynamic diameter. The particles that were injected into tumors in mice (21 µg of gold) were homogeneously distributed within a tumor mass with no staining of the muscle tissue adjacent to the tumor. Up to 30% of the injected gold dose remained within the tumor one hour post-injection. The multispiked gold nanoparticles with a mean metallic core diameter of 146.0±50.4 nm and a mean hydrodynamic size of ~161 nm were prepared using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and disk-like bicelles as a template. Only the presence of a soft template, like bicelles, ensured the appearance of spiked nanoparticles with resonance in the near infrared region. The irradiation of spiked gold nanoparticles by an 805 nm laser led to the time- and concentration-dependent increase of temperature. Both pHLIP® and PEG coated gold spherical and multispiked nanoparticles might find application in radiation and thermal therapies of tumors.
Purification from Cephalosporium acremonium of the initial enzyme unique to the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins.

The stability of the unstable enzyme, δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) synthetase from Cephalosporiumacremonium C-10, was increased 10-fold which facilitated its purification. The active enzyme was purified over 100 fold to electrophoretic homogeneity by protamine sulfate treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. It appears to have a minimal size of 360 kDa based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
KCNQ2 Encephalopathy and Neonatal Seizures

Researchers from centers in Belgium and Australia analyzed 80 patients with unexplained neonatal or early infantile seizures and associated psychomotor retardation for KCNQ2 mutations.
Case 72: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Medullary Features

This middle-aged woman presented with 6 months of vague upper abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss.
The effects of varying levels of hemispheric activation on episodic memory.

ABSTRACTBilateral saccadic eye movements enhance episodic memory retrieval; however, this usually only occurs for consistent-handed, not inconsistent-handed, individuals. It was hypothesized that inconsistent-handers begin closer to the peak of a Yerkes–Dodson-type inverted-U curve and increasing activation pushes them along the curve eventually decreasing performance, while consistent-handers start at a lower baseline and therefore increasing activation increases their performance. The current study tested this hypothesis by using hand clenching (grip strength) to increase activation at 5 different levels for both consistent- and inconsistent-handers. A total of 316 participants were presented with a list of 36 words after which they squeezed a hand dynamometer to induce cortical activation, and then recalled as many of the words as they could. Results showed that, as predicted, both inconsistent- and consistent-handers demonstrated an inverted-U pattern of memory performance as the strength of squeeze i...
Virulence profile: Liise-anne Pirofski

I grew up in Northern California – along highway 101. We moved there in 1958, with the baseball Giants as my father used to like to say. I witnessed the growth of the area, transforming from acres ...
Maternal HLA Typing and Cord Blood Unit Choice

Umbilical Cord Blood transplantation (UCBT) can be successful even if donor and recipient are not fully matched for human leukocyte antigens (HLA). This may result, in part, from fetal-maternal interactions during pregnancy. Transplacental trafficking exposes the fetus to the maternal cells and the Non-Inherited Maternal Antigens (NIMA), that generate tolerance as well as immunogenic responses. Moreover, small numbers of maternal cells sensitized to the fetal Inherited Paternal Antigens (IPA) can be found in CB. There is increasing evidence that the fetal-maternal interactions affect UCBT outcomes. To select CB grafts with NIMA matches or shared IPA with the recipients the maternal (CB donor mother) HLA typings need to be included in search algorithms. This approach can be implemented in Registries, requiring “upfront” typing of large numbers of maternal samples, or, for individual patient searches, when no fully matched CB graft can be identified.
ESCRT-Dependent Sorting in Late Endosomes

The sorting of plasma membrane (PM) proteins for degradation involves their internalization by endocytosis, delivery to endosomes, and sorting into intraluminal vesicles (ILV) of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The sorting of cargo proteins into ILVs depends on protein complexes named ESCRT-0 to III (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) and the SKD1/Vps4p (Suppressor of K+ Transport Growth Defect 1/Vacuolar protein sorting (vps) 4). These complexes associate with ubiquitinated cargo proteins, mediate their accumulation, sorting, and deformation of the endosomal membrane. With the exception of ESCRT-0, this machinery is well conserved across eukaryotes, including plants. Here, we discuss the general mechanism of MVB sorting mediated by ESCRT proteins with a special emphasis on what is known about these cellular processes in plants.
Actions of transforming growth factors on amnion cell prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF-like transforming growth factor (TGF) i.e. TGFa, may play a part in fetal and neonatal maturational processes. This study was undertaken, therefore, to determine the effects of highly purified TGFa and TGFb on PGE2 production by amnion cells.
Tricyclic Systems: Central Carbocyclic Ring with Fused Five- and Six-membered Rings

This chapter on tricyclic ring systems with a central carbocyclic ring and fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings focuses on a handful of specialized classes of compounds that are clearly representative of the title compounds as a whole. Updating material from the corresponding chapter in CHEC-II(1996), the chemistry of the imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline-based benzo-separated purines, the furo[2,3-h]benzopyran- and furo[3,2-g]chromene-based furocoumarins and furochromones, the pyrrolo[3,2-g]isoquinoline-based tetracyclic ellipticines, and the pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-based PQQ and related compounds are examined. These are especially important classes of compounds with specialized applications, and with syntheses that are instructive in the state-of-the-art methods for preparing tricyclic heterocycles with a central carbocyclic rings in general. In addition, a new section on the syntheses of imidazo- and triazoloquinolines has been included, as the syntheses and reactions of these particular tricyclics (not covered in CHEC-II(1996)) highlight important chemical transformations widely applicable to the title compounds as a whole. Altogether, with 201 structures, 30 Schemes, and 68 references citing journal articles mainly from the period 1996–2006, this chapter provides a detailed and informative overview of tricyclic ring systems with a central carbocyclic ring.
Intensive Care Unit Conflicts and the Family

In-ICU conflicts are common and tend to be less apparent to physicians than to nurses, who spend more time with patients and family members. Timely and clear communication, involving multiple voices, is necessary to prevent or mitigate conflict regarding patients with poor prognoses. Ethics and palliative care consults can facilitate conflict resolution without increasing patient mortality.
Are We Ready to Include Prognostic Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Trials

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periodic episodes of flares and remission. Treatment is aimed at healing the bowel, to ultimately decrease hospitalization rates, need for surgeries and overall disability. In more recent years, treatment has transitioned from a reactive approach to a more proactive approach focusing on treating disease earlier and preventing complications. The challenge lies in identifying patients who need more intensive treatment early and trying to determine who will respond to which medications. Biomarkers and clinical activity scoring systems can be used to help guide treatment decisions. However, IBDs are very heterogeneous and the significance of these biomarkers can be difficult to discern on an individual basis. Recently, prognostic tools have been developed to aid in determining a patient's prognosis as well as their likelihood to respond to different therapies. Despite this progress, clinical trials have not routinely adopted this approach in their study design. Tools for stratification of disease severity and to personalize treatment choices have the potential to improve our studies both by enriching the patient population and further guiding clinical decision making in practice. This review aims to discuss biomarkers, current prognosticating tools, tools that determine response to therapy and how incorporating these into clinical trials will be beneficial.
Clinically significant cognitive dysfunction in OEF/OIF/OND veterans: Prevalence and clinical associations.

Objective Cognitive performance in trauma-exposed populations, such as combat Veterans, has been shown to be worse than in nonexposed peers. However, cognitive performance has typically been within the normal range (within 1 SD of normative mean), and the prevalence of clinically significant cognitive dysfunction (i.e., performance more than 1 SD below the mean on multiple measures in a domain) in younger adults with trauma exposure remains unknown. The objective of our study was to measure this. Method We applied Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) cutoffs for clinically significant cognitive dysfunction (>1 SD below the mean in multiple measures within a domain) in the domains of memory, executive function, and attention to a sample of combat-exposed Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND; N = 368, mean age = 31.7 years, 90% men) Veterans. We then compared psychiatric, physiological, and neural measures, as well as functional outcomes, between those with and without cognitive dysfunction. Results Veterans with cognitive dysfunction (n = 129, 35.1%) had lower premorbid reading ability and more severe psychological distress, including increased anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep difficulties, pain, and alcohol consumption. Those with cognitive dysfunction also had worse functional outcomes, with mild but significant disability. In contrast, we found associations between outcome and age, traumatic brain injury, physiological and neural measures to be weak or not significant. Conclusions Together, this suggests that premorbid abilities and trauma-related psychological symptoms contribute significantly to cognitive dysfunction in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans, and that neurological insult and aging may play less of a role. Cognitive dysfunction may be at least partially ameliorated by treating trauma-related symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Long‐term variability and density dependence in Hudson River Dreissena populations

1. We used a 27-year record of Dreissena populations in the freshwater tidal Hudson River to describe interannual variation in population density, body size, and body condition; estimate long-term variation in recruitment, survivorship, and shell growth; and assess possible controls on the populations. 2. Dreissena populations in the Hudson have been highly variable, with interannual ranges of c. 100-fold in abundance and biomass, and 7-fold in mean body mass. This large interannual variation arises from both long-term trends and 2–5-year cycles. 3. Long-term trends include the 2008 appearance of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis), which still forms a small part (<10%) of the dreissenid community, and a decline in zebra mussel body size. The decline in body size was caused by a long-term decline in adult survivorship rather than a decline in rates of shell growth. We could detect no long-term trends in adult abundance or spread of Dreissena onto soft sediments in the Hudson. 4. We observed persistent, strong cycles in adult abundance and body size. These were driven by the appearance and decay of eight dominant year classes over the 27 years of our study, and were a result of temporal variation in recruitment rather than temporal variation in survivorship. The observed strongly irregular recruitment appears to arise from strong adult–larval interactions, and is consistent with previous simulation model results showing that interactions between adults and larvae can drive persistent cycling. 5. We found evidence that negative density dependence affects recruitment, somatic growth, and body condition of Dreissena in the Hudson. Warm summers may also cause high adult mortality. 6. We put our results into the context of a conceptual model of Dreissena population dynamics, and argue that neither the dynamics nor the controls of populations of these important invaders is known satisfactorily.
Secure Downlink Transmission to Full-Duplex User against Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

We present a statistical analysis of the secrecy capacity for two downlink transmission schemes: transmitantenna selection (TAS) and transmit- antenna beamforming (TAB), where the transmitter (Alice) has multiple antennas, the receiver (Bob) is a single-antenna full-duplex radio, and the eavesdroppers are randomly distributed each with a single antenna. We focus on the secrecy outage probability (SOP) or its related measure, show closed-form expressions of SOP for the two schemes, and present insights into how various system parameters such as the jamming powers from both Alice and Bob affect SOP. The SOP performance of TAB is shown to be significantly better than that of TAS although TAB requires more on channel estimation than TAS.
Multiple domains in the 50 kDa form of E4F1 regulate promoter-specific repression and E1A trans-activation.

Abstract The 50 kDa N-terminal product of the cellular transcription factor E4F1 (p50E4F1) mediates E1A289R trans-activation of the adenovirus E4 gene, and suppresses E1A-mediated transformation by sensitizing cells to cell death. This report shows that while both E1A289R and E1A243R stimulate p50E4F1 DNA binding activity, E1A289R trans-activation, as measured using GAL-p50E4F1 fusion proteins, involves a p50E4F1 transcription regulatory (TR) region that must be promoter-bound and is dependent upon E1A CR3, CR1 and N-terminal domains. Trans-activation is promoter-specific, as GAL-p50E4F1 did not stimulate commonly used artificial promoters and was strongly repressive when competing against GAL-VP16. p50E4F1 and E1A289R stably associate in vivo using the p50E4F1 TR region and E1A CR3, although their association in vitro is indirect and paradoxically disrupted by MAP kinase phosphorylation of E1A289R, which stimulates E4 trans-activation in vivo. Multiple cellular proteins, including TBP, bind the p50E4F1 TR region in vitro. The mechanistic implications for p50E4F1 function are discussed.
Demographic Growth and Demographic Transition in French Guyana: The Diverse Determinants

This chapter analyzes the dynamic of demographic growth in French Guyana through more than three decades. It reveals the diverse determinants involved in the reproduction of the population and its nature. Also, the chapter studies the diverse cultures of reproduction of the composite population as an impediment to the completion of the demographic transition process.
Simulation of Potential Use Cases for Shared Mobility Services in the City of Ann Arbor

In this paper, we model and simulate special use cases of on-demand shared mobility services for the City of Ann Arbor, MI. We define shared mobility as any motor-vehicle-served transportation opti...
Rare Case of Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1) with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (P4.9-003)

Objective: To describe a case of HTLV-1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neuron resulting in progressive muscle weakness. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is characterized by slowly progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity along with hyperreflexia and pain. It is also associated with neurological manifestations including urinary symptoms with neurogenic bladder along with sensory symptoms with paraesthesia and loss of vibration sense. Design/Methods: We describe a 39-year-old male with no significant past medical history who presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness. The weakness started in his bilateral lower extremity and gradually progressed to his left arm then to right arm. This was associated with increased urinary urgency and incontinence. Patient had mood lability along with pseudobulbar effect. Results: Motor examination revealed decreased strength in bilateral lower extremities, finger extensors, and flexors. Increased tone and diffuse hyperreflexia were present in both upper and lower extremities. Tongue fasciculations were present. Laboratory workup revealed normal routine blood counts and normal cerebrospinal fluid studies without pleocytosis. On electromyography studies, fasciculation potentials were found in upper and lower extremity muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine were unremarkable. Further serology workup was unrevealing except for Anti-HTLV-I antibody titers, which was confirmed to be positive with repeat serum testing. TDP43 has been sent. The patient was managed for presumed ALS. He was started on Riluzole, Baclofen. Conclusions: We here describe a case of HTLV-1 with ALS presenting with onset of lower limb weakness and urinary symptoms. ALS rarely presents with urinary manifestation as initial complaint and this should warrant further testing including HTLV. The management of ALS in presence of HAM/TSP can be challenging especially given limited data regarding the use of steroids and other immunosuppressive therapies including anti-retroviral medications in such patients. Disclosure: Dr. Khosa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mishra has nothing to disclose.
Characterization of Prophylactic Antimicrobial Therapy Practices for Patients With Marine-Associated Injuries in the Emergency Department.

Background:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for the treatment of marine-associated wound infections include empiric coverage for Vibrio species with a combination of...
The update and optimization of an eDNA assay to detect the invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus).

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is nuclear or mitochondrial DNA shed into the environment, and amplifying this DNA can serve as a reliable, noninvasive way to monitor aquatic systems for the presence of an invasive species. Assays based on the collection of eDNA are becoming increasingly popular, and, when optimized, can aid in effectively and efficiently tracking invasion fronts. We set out to update an eDNA assay to detect the invasive rusty crayfish, Faxonius rusticus. We tested for species specificity compared to other stream crayfish and field tested the assay at sites with known presence (N = 3) and absence (N = 4) in the Juniata River watershed in central Pennsylvania, USA. To maximize sensitivity, we field tested different storage buffers (Longmire’s buffer and ethanol), DNA extraction methods (Qiagen’s DNEasy and PowerWater kits), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) chemistries (TaqMan and SYBR green). Our assay confirmed the presence data and performed optimally when filter samples were stored in Longmire’s buffer, DNA was extracted with DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, and TaqMan qPCR chemistry was utilized. With proper sample processing, our assay allows for accurate, noninvasive detection of F. rusticus in streams.
Cross protection between strains of yellows-type viruses.

Publisher Summary Plants invaded by one virus are generally protected against other closely related viruses, but are not protected against distantly related viruses. There is a considerable variation in the degree of cross protection afforded by plant viruses that are believed to be closely related. Cross protection reactions between closely related viruses of plants and original experiments on cross protection between yellows-type viruses are discussed in this chapter. California aster yellows produces symptoms in several different plants that distinguish it from aster yellows, but is cured by heat treatments similar to those that cure aster yellows. The California strain of aster yellows virus and ordinary aster yellows virus protect against each other in asters and other plants. They also protect against each other in the aster leafhopper that, when infective for one, apparently becomes immune from infection by the other. How protection is afforded is not presently known, but several theories have been advanced to account for it. One that fits the known facts rather satisfactorily assumes that closely related viruses require the same host cell materials for multiplication. A strain of a virus that invades a plant cell first uses up these materials and without them a second strain of the same virus cannot multiply. It also assumes that distantly related viruses use different host cell materials for multiplication.
Quality Improvement Project: analysis of efficiency of current order set for the diagnostic workup used to evaluate neurogenic stress myocardium in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Purpose To evaluate patterns of utilization of the aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) protocol order set for neurogenic stress myocardium (NSM). Data sources Retrospective chart review. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that protocol order sets can be prone to omissions, variations in practice, and delays. Implications for practice Education and implementation of an intervening compliance monitor are essential to improve utilization and correctness in use of the aSAH protocol order set for NSM. Advance practice nurses (APNs) or nursing staff could provide this service. This would improve teamwork, improve efficiency of care delivery and utilization of resources, promote leadership and improved outcomes, and promote relationship-based care.
Classification of whale vocalizations using the Weyl transform

In this paper, we apply the Weyl transform to represent the vocalization of marine mammals. In contrast to other popular representation methods, such as the MFCC and the Chirplet transform, the Weyl transform captures the global information of signals. This is especially useful when the signal has low order polynomial phase. We can reconstruct the signal from the coefficients obtained from the Weyl transform, and perform classification based on these coefficients. Experimental results show that classification using features extracted from the Weyl transform outperforms the MFCC and the Chirplet transform on our collected whales data.
Biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides: Effect of methylation on the efficiency of reovirus genome expression in Vitro

Abstract The effect of methylation on the transcription of reovirus genome RNA and the translation of reovirus messenger RNA in vitro was investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) Purified reovirions converted to cores by chymotrypsin treatment catalyzed the transcription of reovirus RNA at comparable rates in the presence of either S -adenosyl- l -methionine (SAdoMet) or S -adenosyl- l -homocysteine (SAdoHcy). Methylated virus reovirus RNA synthesized in the presence of SAdoMet possessed an electrophoretic pattern on agarose-urea-polyacrylamide gels indistinguishable from unmethylated mRNA synthesized in the presence of SAdoHcy. (2) The relative level of SAdoMet-mediated methylation of the four s adn three m class reovirus message species was comparable for methylated mRNA; SAdoHcy at an SAdoHcy:SAdoMet ratio of 350:1 reduced the methylation by more than 98%. (3) Methylated reovirus mRNA was translated by the wheat cell-free system in the presence of either SAdoMet or SAdoHcy with comparable efficiency. Unmethylated mRNA was translated about 50% as efficiently as methylated mRNA in the presence of SAdoMet; in the presence of SAdoHcy, unmethylated mRNA. (4) Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that the σ, μ, and ψ reovirus-specified polypeptides synthesized in vitro in responce to unmethylated mRNA were qualitatively indistiniguishable from those synthesized in response to methylated mRNA, although quantitatively the amount of reovirus polypeptides synthesized with methylated mRNA was much greater. (5) Chemical removal of the 5′-terminal 7-methylguanosine residue of methylated reovirus mRNA by β-elimination reduced the translational activity of the methylated mRNA by about 75%; the translational activity of unmethylated mRNA was reduced only slightly by treatment under identical conditions. (6) Unmethylated reovirus mRNA did not competitively inhibit the translation of methylated mRNA but, rather, appeared to have a cooperative effect. (7) The translation of methylated reovirus mRNA was sensitive to inhibition by 7-methylguanosine 5′-monophosphate (7mGMP), whereas the translation of unmethylated reovirus mRNA was insensitive to 7mGMP; the translational activities of comparable concentrations of methylated and unmethylated mRNA were nearly identical in the presence of 1 m M or greater 7mGMP. (8) The binding of unmethylated reovirus mRNA to wheat ribosomes was detectable by sucrose density centrifugation; however, the binding of methylated mRNA was significantly more efficient than unmethylated mRNA. These results indicate that methylation has no significant effect on the transcription of reovirus RNA in vitro but that the efficiency of translation of reovirus mRNA catalyzed by the wheat system is greatly increased by methylation of the viral mRNA although methylation does not appear to be an obligatory requirement for translation.
Epidermal growth factor. IV. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase.

Abstract 1. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces a marked, but transient, increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultures of chick embryo epidermis. 2. The induction of the enzyme is prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis. 3. In the presence of EGF and labeled ornithine there is an accumulation of labeled putrescine and, to a lesser extent, of spermidine in the epidermal cells. 4. The injection of EGF into mice causes an increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity in skin.