cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical distinctions between normal and cancerous human breast tissues obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy

A novel method for correcting the fluorescence emission and excitation spectra is applied to native fluorescence spectra from normal and cancerous human breast tissues. The method effectively eliminates the distortions produced by internal light-absorption and allows a direct, real-time, correction without any iterative procedures. A simplified photon- diffusion model was used to develop the method. An analysis of both the true fluorescence spectra, and the diffuse reflectance spectra transformed into the ratio of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, shows distinctive biochemical differences between cancerous and normal breast tissues. The fluorescence spectra feature a lower contribution of NADH and, possibly, collagen and elastin in cancerous tumor tissues as compared with normal tissues. The fluorescence spectra from cancerous tumors also show a lower degree of variability than the spectra from normal tissues. The corrected spectra from cancerous tumors show a greater similarity in their profiles than the non-corrected fluorescence spectra distorted by the internal light- absorption.
Acoustic streaming in pulse tube refrigerators: tapered pulse tubes

Acoustic streaming is investigated in tapered tubes with axially varying temperature, in the boundary layer limit. By appropriately shaping the tube, the streaming can be eliminated. Experimental data demonstrate that an orifice pulse tube refrigerator with a conical pulse tube whose cone angle eliminates streaming has more cooling power than one with either a cylindrical pulse tube or a conical pulse tube with twice the optimum cone angle.
Herodotus' Proem and Aristotle, Rhetorica 1409a

At Aristotle's Rhetorica III 9.2 (1409a), in a discussion of λ⋯ξις eἰρομ⋯νη and κατeστραμμ⋯νη, occurs the following misquotation of Herodotus' proem
Affinity-based growth factor delivery using biodegradable, photocrosslinked heparin-alginate hydrogels

Photocrosslinkable biomaterials are promising for tissue engineering applications due to their capacity to be injected and form hydrogels in situ in a minimally invasive manner. Our group recently reported on the development of photocrosslinked alginate hydrogels with controlled biodegradation rates, mechanical properties, and cell adhesive properties. In this study, we present an affinity-based growth factor delivery system by incorporating heparin into photocrosslinkable alginate hydrogels (HP-ALG), which allows for controlled, prolonged release of therapeutic proteins. Heparin modification had minimal effect on the biodegradation profiles, swelling ratios, and elastic moduli of the hydrogels in media. The release profiles of growth factors from this affinity-based platform were sustained for 3weeks with no initial burst release, and the released growth factors retained their biological activity. Implantation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded photocrosslinked alginate hydrogels induced moderate bone formation around the implant periphery. Importantly, BMP-2-loaded photocrosslinked HP-ALG hydrogels induced significantly more osteogenesis than BMP-2-loaded photocrosslinked unmodified alginate hydrogels, with 1.9-fold greater peripheral bone formation and 1.3-fold greater calcium content in the BMP-2-loaded photocrosslinked HP-ALG hydrogels compared to the BMP-2-loaded photocrosslinked unmodified alginate hydrogels after 8weeks implantation. This sustained and controllable growth factor delivery system, with independently controllable physical and cell adhesive properties, may provide a powerful modality for a variety of therapeutic applications.
Albemarle–Pamlico Sounds revealed and stated preference data

Abstract In this article we describe the contingent valuation and behavior methods scenario developed in the 1995 Albemarle–Pamlico Sounds Survey. The survey elicits revealed and stated preference recreation behavior data which are used to estimate the value of water quality improvements [4] , [8] . The survey elicits willingness to pay data which are used to conduct a split-sample scope test [7] . The data are used to jointly estimate revealed and stated preference recreation and willingness to pay data [2] , [6] . The data has been, and can continue to be, used to investigate econometric specification [3] , bid design and other nonmarket valuation issues. The data have been used as illustrations and examples in three books that develop nonmarket valuation methods [1] , [5] , [9] . Data are supplied with this article.
A Readily Applicable Strategy to Convert Peptides to Peptoid-based Therapeutics

Incorporation of unnatural amino acids and peptidomimetic residues into therapeutic peptides is highly efficacious and commonly employed, but generally requires laborious trial-and-error approaches. Previously, we demonstrated that C20 peptide has the potential to be a potential antiviral agent. Herein we report our attempt to improve the biological properties of this peptide by introducing peptidomimetics. Through combined alanine, proline, and sarcosine scans coupled with a competitive fluorescence polarization assay developed for identifying antiviral peptides, we enabled to pinpoint peptoid-tolerant peptide residues within C20 peptide. The synergistic benefits of combining these (and other) commonly employed methods could lead to a easily applicable strategy for designing and refining therapeutically-attractive peptidomimetics.
Education in sustainable production in US universities

The evolution and current status of sustainable production education (SPE) in the United States is reviewed, both as a discrete entity and as an intersection of multiple disciplines. This paper (a) examines the current array of compatible and conflicting theories that guide the alternative approaches to SPE, (b) reviews the wide array of applications to which such theories and associated methodologies have been applied, and (c) presents a case study of the emerging interdisciplinary approach to SPE at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, and its network of national and international collaborators.
Priority queueing for the autodin store-and-forward network

An adaptive routing algorithm for store-and-forward networks is proposed. The messages in the system are transmitted in their full length, and they are assigned priorities. The algorithm's objective is to minimize delay per message and maximize message delivery rate.
Co-delivery of natural metabolic inhibitors in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of curcumin

In spite of its well-documented anticancer chemopreventive and therapeutic activity, the clinical development of curcumin has been limited by its poor oral bioavailability. Curcumin has low aqueous solubility and undergoes extensive first pass metabolism following oral dosing. We hypothesized that oral bioavailability of curcumin can be enhanced by increasing its absorption and decreasing its metabolic clearance simultaneously. To test this hypothesis, we formulated curcumin with naturally occurring UGT inhibitors (piperine, quercetin, tangeretin, and silibinin) in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Mouse liver microsome studies showed that silibinin and quercetin inhibited curcumin glucuronidation effectively. When dosed orally in mice, the SMEDDS containing curcumin alone increased curcumin glucuronide concentrations in plasma without significantly affecting parent drug concentration. Of the four inhibitors examined in vivo, silibinin significantly improved the Cmax (0.15 μM vs. 0.03 μM for curcumin SMEDDS) and the overall bioavailability (3.5-fold vs. curcumin SMEDDS) of curcumin. Previous studies have shown that silibinin has anticancer activity as well. Thus, co-delivery of silibinin with curcumin in SMEDDS represents a novel and promising approach to improve curcumin bioavailability.
Overbidding in cross-border acquisitions: Misperceptions in assessing and valuing knowledge

Abstract Many firms competing across borders use acquisitions to gain the knowledge and capabilities that reside in target firms. Assessing and valuing knowledge in the international context is complex and frequently error-prone. The international acquisition literature has not adequately addressed the difficulties of valuing knowledge, the costs associated with acquiring knowledge, the factors behind escalating bids to acquire knowledge, and the impact of knowledge acquisitions on returns. We conceptually explore several key dimensions that influence the assessment and valuation of knowledge and develop propositions positing the effects of predictor variables and moderators on knowledge assessment and valuation in cross-border acquisitions.
Ultra-low power arrayed CMOS silicon photonic transceivers for an 80 Gbps WDM optical link

We report an ultra-low power 80 Gbps arrayed silicon photonic transceiver for dense, large bandwidth inter/intra-chip interconnects. The hybrid CMOS transceiver consists of eight 10 Gbps WDM channels with total consumed power below 6 mW/channel.
Multiple-attribute evaluation of ecosystem management for the Missouri River system

Abstract Multiple attribute evaluation is used to score and rank five management alternatives for the Missouri River system developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Alternatives are characterized by 10 attributes, namely flood control, hydropower, recreation, Missouri River navigation, water supply, fish and wildlife, interior drainage, groundwater, historic properties and Mississippi River navigation. Since preferences for the attributes are unknown, alternatives are compared using four hypothetical attribute-weighting schemes. Utility scores for the alternatives obtained using a linear additive utility function indicate that the modified conservation plan (MCP), which incorporates adaptive management, increased drought conservation measures, changes in Fort Peck dam releases and unbalanced levels in the upper three reservoirs, is preferred to the current water control plan (CWCP) with the neutral, pro-recreation/fish and wildlife, and pro-fish and wildlife weights. MCP ranked above the four Gavins Point (GP) alternatives except with the pro-fish and wildlife weights. CWCP is more preferred than the four GP options with the neutral and pro-agriculture weights and less preferred with the pro-recreation/fish and wildlife and pro-fish and wildlife weights. The GP option with the lowest reduction in summer flow and smallest spring rise (GPA) ranks above the GP option with the highest spring rise and greatest reduction in summer flow (GPB), a spring rise only (GPC) and a lower summer flow only (GPD).
Hot Pressing of Spherical, Polycrystalline 3Y‐TZP Particles

As an alternative route to hot-pressing fine powders for obtaining fine-grained microstructures, coarse spherical polycrystalline particles having a fine-grained microstructure were hot pressed. Three size fractions of particles, nominally 25, 45, and 75 μm, were prepared by presintering Tosoh yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) spray-dried granules. Samples were hot pressed at 1350°C for 1 h using pressures of 6, 10, 20, and 40 MPa. It was found that dense (>98%) 3Y-TZP monolith could be produced at 40 MPa, which retained the fine grain size (0.3 μm) of the starting polycrystalline particles. The densification rate was particle size independent when the pressure was at least 10 MPa. It was determined that the densification rates agreed with Helle et al.'s predicted rates based on superplastic creep-controlled hot pressing.
Adaptive short-time analysis-synthesis for speech enhancement

In this paper we present a new adaptive short-time Fourier analysis-synthesis scheme and demonstrate its efficacy in speech enhancement. While a number of adaptive analyses have previously been proposed to overcome the limitations of fixed-resolution schemes, we propose here a modified overlap-add procedure that enables efficient resynthesis. Our adaptation scheme extends earlier work using local measures of time-frequency concentration, and is applicable to power spectral density estimation for the case of noisy speech. We provide evidence of increased gains in signal-to-noise ratios for synthetic signals as well as empirical evidence of reduced musical noise based on expert listening tests for voiced and phonetically balanced utterances observed in noise, relative to a standard baseline speech enhancement system whose time-frequency resolution is fixed.
Habitat use by fishes after tidal reconnection of an impounded estuarine wetland in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (USA)

Most of the wetlands located along the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) ineast-central Florida (USA) have been impounded since the 1950's and1960's to reduce mosquito reproduction. Impounded marsh (i.e.,impoundment) dikes physically separate the wetlands from the estuary toallow artificial flooding of the impoundments during the mosquito breedingperiod (May to October). Presently, Rotational ImpoundmentManagement (RIM) is the preferred impoundment management techniquein the IRL. Impoundments maintained under RIM have culverts installedthrough the dikes which are kept closed during the mosquito breedingseason (to control mosquitos) and are allowed to remain open for theremainder of the year (to allow tidal flow). A 24.3 ha impoundment8 km north of Sebastian Inlet that had been isolated from the IRL for over39 years was studied for 12 months to determine habitat use by fishes aftertidal reconnection and the implementation of RIM. Fish sampling wasconducted with a seine in the perimeter ditch and with clover and minnowtraps in the upper marsh and tidal creek areas of the impoundment. Waterlevel, impoundment bottom topography, and the seasonal nursery functionof the impoundment were factors that contributed to observed patterns offish habitat use during the study. Within the first 15 weeks of perimeterditch sampling, an increase from 9 to 40 species was observed. Transientspecies used the perimeter ditch almost exclusively and entered theimpoundment primarily during the spring open period. Juvenile Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus), Elops saurus Linnaeus, Centropomusundecimalis (Bloch), and Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes were themost abundant recreationally important species, respectively. Habitat useby the most abundant resident species (Gambusia holbrooki Girard,Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur), Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede, andFundulus confluentus Goode & Bean) was influenced primarily bywater level fluctuations. Resident species used the upper marsh and tidalcreek habitats during summer flooded periods and the cyprinodontids leftthe interior surface of the impoundment last as water levels decreased. Thisstudy is the first to document the recovery of fish populations in areconnected impoundment north of Sebastian Inlet using both active andpassive sampling techniques.
Comparative oncology - the North American experience.

Comparative oncology can be used to describe a discipline that integrates the study of naturally occurring cancers in animals into studies of human cancer biology and therapy. The term is most often used when referring to the study of cancers seen in companion (pet) animals. Cancers in companion species are well suited to uniquely inform investigations of cancer biology and drug development. Clinical trials in veterinary oncology have gained interest and focus over the last decade, with both veterinary and comparative oncology drug development leading the effort. There have also been a growing number of consortia and cooperative groups that have functioned successfully by uniting multiinstitutional efforts, advocating for veterinary clinical trials, and emphasizing the synergy between basic science and clinical progress. With support from clients who are motivated to seek advanced care for their pets and to enroll them in investigational trials that offer new therapies, clinical research in veterinary oncology is growing in scope and importance. Oncology clinical trials attempt to answer questions and find better ways to prevent, diagnose, or treat cancer. Their model is different from trials involving infectious or even chronic diseases because the risks involved have greater morbidity and mortality. Traditional drug development follows a strict, step-wise paradigm that begins with a phase I dose-finding trial, followed by a phase II efficacy/activity trial, and concludes with a phase III "pivotal" trial that pits a novel agent against or with the current standard of care (Table ​(Table1).1). Although veterinary oncology trials sometimes combine these concepts, their individual descriptions serve as the framework for new drug development. Clinical designs, pertinent endpoints and analyses, the process for drug approval, and clinical trial ethics will be explored in the following sections. Table 1 Goals of Phase I–III Clinical Trials
7th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD 2004) Distributing Knowledge Worldwide through Better Scholarly Communication, 3 - 5 June 2004, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Nearly 200 delegates represented institutions in 18 countries on 6 continents, and in 26 U.S. states. Delegates attended three days of activities that included five plenary sessions, 27 papers (many of which were presented in lively roundtable discussions), and an interactive poster session with 17 presentations. The conference highlighted scholarly communication among attendees by offering many opportunities for delegates to meet and socialize in informal settings, including an evening of southern hospitality hosted at the Kentucky Horse Park, an elegant reception during the poster session, and a networking lunch.
Can genetically modified Escherichia coli with neutral buoyancy induced by gas vesicles be used as an alternative method to clinorotation for microgravity studies

Space flight has been shown to affect various bacterial growth parameters. It is proposed that weightlessness allows the cells to remain evenly distributed, consequently altering the chemical makeup of their surrounding fluid, and hence indirectly affecting their physiological behaviour. In support of this argument, ground-based studies using clinostats to partially simulate the quiescent environment attained in microgravity have generally been successful in producing bacterial growth characteristics that mimic responses reported under actual space conditions. A novel approach for evaluating the effects of reduced cell sedimentation is presented here through use of Escherichia coli cultures genetically modified to be neutrally buoyant. Since clinorotation would not (or would only minimally) affect cell distribution of this already near-colloidal cell system, it was hypothesized that the effects on final population density would be eliminated relative to a static control. Gas-vesicle-producing E. coli cultures were grown under clinostat and static conditions and the culture densities at 60 h were compared. As a control, E. coli that do not produce gas vesicles, but were otherwise identical to the experimental strain, were also grown under clinostat and static conditions. As hypothesized, no significant difference was observed in cell populations at 60 h between the clinorotated and static gas-vesicle-producing E. coli cultures, while the cells that did not produce gas vesicles showed a mean increase in population density of 10·5 % (P=0·001). These results further suggest that the lack of cumulative cell sedimentation is the dominant effect of space flight on non-stirred, in vitro E. coli cultures.
Early Academic Achievement of Hispanics in the United States: Implications for Teacher Preparation

Hispanics account for over one-fifth of newborns in the United States, and Hispanic children, on average, achieve at much lower levels from kindergarten forward than the non-Hispanic white majority and Asian Americans. One of the most important educational challenges for the U.S. is to increase markedly the percentage of Hispanic children who enter kindergarten “ready” for school. Given that the early childhood years provide possibly the best window for improving academic trajectories for Hispanic children, this paper describes what is currently known about and offers recommendations to expand and improve early childhood education for Hispanics, including the preparation of teachers who serve these children.
Noun Phrase Analysis in Large Unrestricted Text for Information Retrieval

Information retrieval is an important application area of natural-language processing where one encounters the genuine challenge of processing large quantities of unrestricted natural-language text. This paper reports on the application of a few simple, yet robust and efficient noun-phrase analysis techniques to create better indexing phrases for information retrieval. In particular, we describe an hybrid approach to the extraction of meaningful (continuous or discontinuous) subcompounds from complex noun phrases using both corpus statistics and linguistic heuristics. Results of experiments show that indexing based on such extracted subcompound improves both recall and precision in an information retrieval system. The noun-phrase analysis techniques are also potentially useful for book indexing and automatic thesaurus extraction.
A Lagrangian View of Moisture Dynamics during DYNAMO

Column water vapor (CWV) is studied using data from the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment. A distinctive moist mode in tropical CVW probability distributions motivates the work. The Lagrangian CWV tendency (LCT) leaves together the compensating tendencies from phase change and vertical advection, quantities which cannot be measured accurately by themselves, to emphasize their small residual, which governs evolution. The slope of LCT vs. CWV suggests that the combined effects of phase changes and vertical advection act as a robust positive feedback on CWV variations, while evaporation adds a broadscale positive tendency. Analyzed diabatic heating profiles become deeper and stronger as CWV increases. Stratiform heating is found to accompany Lagrangian drying at high CWV, but its association with deep convection makes the mean LCT positive at high CWV. Lower-tropospheric wind convergence is found in high-CVW airmasses, acting to shrink their area in time. When ECMWF heating profile indices and S-POL and TRMM radar data are binned jointly by CWV and LCT, bottom-heavy heating associated with shallow and congestus convection is found in columns transitioning through Lagrangian moistening into the humid, high-rainrate mode of the CWV distribution near 50-55mm, while non-raining columns and columns with widespread stratiform precipitation are preferentially associated with Lagrangian drying. Interpolated sounding-array data produce substantial errors in LCT budgets, because horizontal advection is inaccurate without satellite input to constrain horizontal gradients.
Timescales for detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink

The ocean has absorbed 41 per cent of all anthropogenic carbon emitted as a result of fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. The magnitude and the large-scale distribution of the ocean carbon sink is well quantified for recent decades. In contrast, temporal changes in the oceanic carbon sink remain poorly understood. It has proved difficult to distinguish between air-to-sea carbon flux trends that are due to anthropogenic climate change and those due to internal climate variability. Here we use a modelling approach that allows for this separation, revealing how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this century in different oceanic regions. Our findings suggest that, owing to large internal climate variability, it is unlikely that changes in the rate of anthropogenic carbon uptake can be directly observed in most oceanic regions at present, but that this may become possible between 2020 and 2050 in some regions.
Global Climate Change Negotiations, the Treadmill of Destruction, and World Society: An Analysis of Kyoto Protocol Ratification

This study engages two sociological perspectives, treadmill of destruction and world society theory, to analyze the effects of militarization and connection to the world polity on the Kyoto Protocol ratification of countries. Although the original Kyoto Protocol expired at the end of 2012, a second commitment period was agreed upon at COP18 in Doha. Results from survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards models indicate that higher levels of militarization are associated with longer times until ratification or failure to ratify, which supports the propositions of treadmill of destruction theory. World society connections are found to have either weak or nonsignificant effects on ratification. Additional results are consistent with past research, including the effects of economic development and levels of country-level carbon emissions.
COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTIONARY STATUS OF THE HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA PRIMAEVA HARDY AND KANESHIRO.

Drosophila primaeva Hardy and Kaneshiro and its cryptic sympatric sibling species D. attigua Hardy and Kaneshiro are restricted to the island of Kauai, the oldest Hawaiian island (5-6 my) which currently supports endemic Drosophila (Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968, 1969). The flies dwell in the rain forests at circa 750-1,200 m elevation. Drosophila primaeva has been collected at sites where the average rainfall varies from 180 to 500+ cm per annum, whereas attigua is restricted to areas where the rainfall exceeds 400 cm per annum. Thus, the two coexist only in areas with high precipitation. Neither species has close relatives on other Hawaiian islands. The endemic Hawaiian drosophiloid fauna, excluding the aberrant nudidrosophila and ateledrosophila groups, is divided into ten species groupsanomalipes, antopocerus, bristle-tarsi, ciliated-tarsi, split-tarsi, spoon-tarsi, modified mouthparts, primaeva, picture-winged and white-tipped scutellum (Kaneshiro, 1976). The primaeva and anomalipes species groups are unique in that each consists of only two species and both are restricted to Kauai whereas the other eight species groups vary in size from 15 species (antopocerus) to 106 (picture-winged) and, excepting antopocerus which has no representative on Kauai, have representatives on each of the main islands. The following discussion is directed to the probable relationship of the primaeva species group to other endemic Hawaiian Drosophila.
Preparation of Thin Film Phthalocyanine Glasses for Optical Limiting

To explore the use of phthalocyanine materials as a solid-state component in an optical limiter, the issues of morphology, film processing and optical limiter activity/stability are investigated. Metal-free and lead phthalocyanine films with glassy morphologies are obtained by chemically functionalizing the ring periphery with an amine-epoxy substitution. Uniform films were obtained by a shearing technique. Comparative optical measurements are made on the amine-epoxy lead phthalocyanine compound as a concentrated solution and as a glassy thin film. Both the solution and film are reverse saturable absorbers at 590 nm. The concentrated solution is a very effective optical limiter. The glassy thin film is susceptible to damage (cavitation caused by the incident beam) and performs comparably only at low incident energies. A liquid matrix may have the benefit of self-healing such damage.
A Quantifiable Disease Severity Rating Scale for Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean

A quantifiable rating scale based on disease severity was developed for frogeye leaf spot (FLS) using image analysis software. The scale may be useful for estimating FLS severity in producer fields...
Vesicoileal fistula: an unusual complication following the use of formalin for control of refractory post-irradiation bladder hemorrhage.

Abstract A case involving a vesicoileal fistula, an unreported complication of bladder formalin instillation for control of refractory hemorrhage after irradiation, and a review of the literature on the use of formalin are reported
A photochemical mechanism for homochirogenesis. Part 2.

A theoretical investigation of the photochemistry of racemic compounds with circularly polarized light was undertaken. The exact solutions of the differential equations by numerical integration to the approximate solutions used in an earlier article were compared. The exact solutions showed that sequential reactions yield enhanced optical activities in the products. For irreversible reactions, all enantiomeric excesses are lost if the reactions are carried to completion, but appreciable resolution occurs in many cases for partial conversion. For reversible reactions, significant enantiomeric excesses are found at the photostationary state. Chirality 25:16-21, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Android-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation Approach for Enhancing Public Participation for a Wind Farm Site Selection

This project presents a hypothetical case study of an interactive mobile-based Public Participation Geographical Information Systems (PPGIS) prototype for selection of best alternative for new offshore wind farm development in Lake Erie, northern Ohio. The prototype implements a client-server architecture where Android operating system is used for the client side, and Google Cloud Platform services and GeoServer/PostgreSQL for the server side. The potential benefits from this prototype are demonstrated through an interactive Android interface where the importance of three decision alternatives is evaluated by multiple participants using different evaluation criteria. The individual evaluation scores are aggregated by using a mathematical Pairwise comparison voting method while the sum of all individual Pairwise comparison scores yields the group solution. The results from the group solution are interactively returned and used for building consensus and to aid understanding of potential solutions coalesced from multiple participants’ perspectives.
Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review Illustrated

The accreditation process for emergency medicine in the United States is considered one of the most difficult among all medical specialties, with residents required to pass both a written and oral examination to gain certification. This book allows the reader to apply a case-based interactive approach to studying for the oral board examination, while also providing an excellent introduction to the field. Featuring more than 100 cases derived from the Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, with an emphasis on EKGs, CT scans, X-rays, and ultrasounds, this book is a model resource for the practising emergency medicine resident. The reader can easily practise cases alone or with a partner and can follow up with key points of critical actions, clinical pearls, and references. The appendix is loaded with high-yield information on subjects emphasized in the oral board examination, such as pediatric, cardiovascular, traumatic, and toxicologic disorders. This book truly allows the reader to feel actively immersed in the case.
Suicide Risk among Women Veterans in Distress: Perspectives of Responders on the Veterans Crisis Line.

Abstract Background Women veterans are at increasingly high risk of suicide, but little is known about the concerns and needs of this population. This is, in part, owing to the low base rate of suicide and the inability to conduct retrospective interviews with individuals who died. In this study, we used a qualitative approach to gain insight about the concerns and nature of comments regarding suicidal ideation and intent among women veterans calling the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL). Methods Fifty-four VCL call responders were interviewed in the spring of 2015. They were asked about the concerns and level of suicide risk of women veteran callers with whom they have spoken and about the ways in which women callers are similar to or different from men callers. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analyses were conducted to examine patterns or themes emerging from the data. Findings Military sexual trauma and non-suicidal self-harm were two commonly reported concerns of women veteran callers according to responders. VCL responders also noted differences between men and women veteran callers, including differences in clinical presentation, suicidal means, and protective factors. Conclusions Our findings shed light on potential avenues to prevent suicide among women veterans, although we spoke to VCL responders about their impressions, rather than to women veterans themselves. Efforts to 1) prevent and treat the consequences of military sexual trauma, 2) recognize, prevent, and treat non-suicidal self-harm, and 3) restrict access to lethal means most commonly reported among women veteran callers may be helpful to mitigate suicide risk in this vulnerable group of veterans.
Dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings for plasmoelectronics

Owing to the unique ability of nanostructured metals to confine and enhance light waves along metal-dielectric interfaces, plasmonics has enabled unprecedented flexibility in manipulating light at the deep-subwavelength scale. With regard to the spectral behavior of plasmonic resonances, the spectral location of a resonance can be tailored with relative ease while the control over the spectral linewidth represents a more daunting task. In this paper, we present sharp resonance features by introducing dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings. The induced asymmetry in the metallic structure facilitates the generation of a dark mode with significantly suppressed radiative loss leading to an ultra-sharp spectral feature ∼5 nm wide. We further use this metallic structure as an optoelectronic platform for the transduction of light waves to electrical signals via a plasmoelectric effect. The light concentrating ability of dark plasmonic modes, in conjunction with the ultra-sharp resonance feature at a relatively low loss offers a novel route to enhanced light-matter interactions with high spectral sensitivity for diverse applications.
CANNABIS ABUSE AND RISK FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A POPULATION BASED STUDY

Background: Cannabis is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the world, yet its effect on the cardiovascular system remains largely unknown. We sought to investigate the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and its association with cannabis abuse in a contemporary cohort. Methods: Using a
My Student is a Robot: How Schools Manage Telepresence Experiences for Students

Homebound students, those who can learn but have a serious health issue (e.g. cancer, heart disease, immune deficiency) that prevents physical attendance at school, are now able to go to school using telepresence robots. Telepresence robots are generally video conferencing units on remote-controlled robots. Previous research has shown that using these robots allows homebound students to interact with classmates and teachers as if they are physically present. But, what does this mean for teachers and administrators? We present a qualitative study of 22 teachers and school administrators who worked with telepresent students and 4 who decided against adopting the robot. Our goal was to learn how decisions are made to adopt the robot, what issues arise in its use, and what would make adoption easier. This study contributes new insights on teacher and administrator perspectives on what is needed for effective use of this technology in educational settings.
The Distance to the LMC via the Eclipsing Binary HV 2274

We present UBV photometry of the eclipsing binary Harvard Variable 2274 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The stellar parameters of this binary system were calculated by Guinan et al. (1998a) who gave both a reddening towards HV 2274 of E(B-V) = 0.083 +/- 0.006 and a distance modulus to the LMC, mu_{LMC} = 18.42 +/- 0.007. The reddening of this system was also determined by Udalski et al. (1998) who found E(B-V) = 0.149 +\- 0.015. With Udalski et al. (1998) B and V photometry Guinan et al.(1998b) obtained E(B-V) = 0.120 +\- 0.009 and mu_{LMC} = 18.30 +\- 0.07. Using our UBV photometry, we derive a reddening of E(B-V)= 0.088 +\- 0.025, consistent with the original value of Guinan et al. (1998a) and supporting a longer distance modulus to the LMC of about mu_{LMC} = 18.40 +\- 0.07. We stress the uncertainties inherent in ground-based UBV photometry and the concomitant uncertainties in determining distances based upon such photometry.
Comparative in Vivo Investigation of Intrathecal and Intracerebroventricular Administration with Melanocortin Ligands MTII and AGRP into Mice.

Central administration of melanocortin ligands has been used as a critical technique to study energy homeostasis. While intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection is the most commonly used method during these investigations, intrathecal (IT) injection can be equally efficacious for the central delivery of ligands. Importantly, intrathecal administration can optimize exploration of melanocortin receptors in the spinal cord. Herein, we investigate comparative IT and ICV administration of two melanocortin ligands, the synthetic MTII (Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2) MC4R agonist and agouti-related peptide [AGRP(87-132)] MC4R inverse agonist/antagonist, on the same batch of age-matched mice in TSE metabolic cages undergoing a nocturnal satiated paradigm. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test how central administration of these ligands directly to the spinal cord affects energy homeostasis. Results showed, as expected, that MTII IT administration caused a decrease in food and water intake and a...
Mental Status Examination

Along with history, the mental status exam is an essential component of a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation of an older adult. Many aspects of the exam are similar across younger and older patients. However, the provider evaluating an older adult needs to be aware that older adults may be more likely to experience sensory impairments, have physical health issues that can contribute to fatiguing more easily, and generally have slower information processing compared with younger adults, all of which may impact the exam. Additionally, the cognitive evaluation of an older adult compared with a younger adult generally requires a more extensive assessment because of higher risk and occurrence of neurocognitive disorders with aging. This section will review the approach to the mental status exam in an older adult.
Remembering Partition: Folding the local into the national: Garhmukhteshwar, November 1946

Historians of Partition have written of the ‘overtly “communal” violence’ that ‘erupted in terrifying proportions’ from August 1946. As Sumit Sarkar puts it, ‘the whole Indian scene was rapidly transformed by communal riots on an unprecedented scale: starting with Calcutta on 16–19 August, touching Bombay from 1 September, spreading to Noakhali in East Bengal (10 October), Bihar (25 October), Garmukteswar in UP (November), and engulfing the Punjab from March 1947 onwards’. I want, in this chapter, to deal with one minor place that finds mention in this reconstructed arc: Garhmukhteshwar, alternatively described as a ‘small town’ or ‘village’ in the Meerut district of western UP, the site of a massacre of Muslims on the occasion of an annual fair (the Kartik Purnima mela ) held in November 1946. Like Calcutta, Noakhali, Bihar and Punjab, Garhmukhteshwar has become a metaphor for the atrocities of Partition; and Partition itself a metaphor for the kind of extraordinary, genocidal violence that was not witnessed again in India, perhaps until 1984: so that in a curious and little explored way, ‘Garhmukhteshwar’ (or ‘Noakhali’, or ‘Bihar’, or ‘Punjab’), ‘Partition’ and ‘violence’ come to stand in for one another. Among the numerous ways of stripping events of their historical significance, I have suggested, one is that of localising them, another that of banishing them to the domain of an alien nation or community's history. The process of ‘localising’ – or ‘nationalising’ – however, requires further discussion.
Gene insertion: Role and limitations of technique in farm animals as a key to growth

Structural genes for bovine (bGH) and human (hGH) growth hormones and human growth hormone releasing hormone (hGHRH) were ligated to the promoter for mouse metal-lothionein I and microinjected into the nuclei of embryos resulting in ‘transgenic’ pigs and sheep. Efficiency of microinjection was low (0.1 to 0.9% of injected embryos) resulting in transgenic young of which 60% actually produced the gene product. Concentration of bGH and hGH in plasma varied greatly among animals and was not related to number of copies of the gene. Growth rates were not enhanced in transgenic pigs with elevated growth hormone; however, subcutaneous fat content was dramatically reduced. Transgenic male pigs successfully transmitted the gene construct to their progeny; however, expressing transgenic females do not exhibit normal estrous cycles. Genes used in these experiments were not readily regulated by heavy metal supplementation. Lambs with hGHRH had a low rate of expression and did not exceed controls for gain or feed efficiency. A single expressing lamb was refractory to exogenous hGHRH challenge. Before the full potential of gene transfer can be realized for regulation of growth of farm animals, promoter/regulator sequences that will permit full control of gene expression must be found.
B-Cell Antigen Receptor

B cells must recognize and respond to antigens in order to proliferate, undergo somatic hypermutation, isotype class-switching, and differentiation. The kinases and other signaling proteins required for B-cell function become activated when the B-cell antigen receptor interacts with an antigen. The B-cell antigen receptor consists of a membrane-bound antibody coupled to accessory molecules capable of transmitting signals into the cells. The antibody component of the receptor complex is generated through a complex set of genomic rearrangements that result in the generation of a B-cell pool capable of recognizing a diverse set of pathogens.
Diagnostic Studies of Large-Scale Air-Sea-Ice Interactions

Two approaches to the problem of large-scale air-sea-ice interaction can be distinguished: numerical modelling and diagnostic (statistical) analysis. The diagnostic approach is the subject of this chapter. Stochastic modelling, which combines the two approaches, is described in Chapter 13 (Lemke).
Thermal Stress in Cylindrical Glass Seals in Microelectronic Packages Under Thermal Shock

In order to ensure the reliability of microelectronic packages, these packages are subjected to various tests which simulate the environments which the packages may experience in service. The present study concerns a detailed investigation of the Thermal Shock Test (Method 1011.2 in MIL-STD-883B [1]).
Preface by the section editor

The papers in this special section present a sampling of new symbolic approaches for determining whether or not a system satisfies its specification. Abstracts of these articles appeared originally in the Proceedings of the 1999 Symposium on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS ’99).
Preparation of MEA

Abstract Every time a new material or component for a technology is developed, it must be tested before it can be mass produced. Regarding polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), if a new material or component is developed, its testing in a single cell is required for validating its effectiveness, or for optimizing its performance in terms of efficiency and endurance. To perform the testing, it is necessary to build the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This is the argument of this chapter, wherein a review, integrated with personal experience, of possible preparation methods for laboratory-scale application is reported. The goal is to supply information that it is necessary to define a detailed procedure for efficient MEA production.
Depression Screening Rates and Symptom Severity by Alcohol Use Among Primary Care Adult Patients

Background: Hazardous alcohol use with depression may exacerbate health conditions and complicate medical care. We examined the rate of depression screening by alcohol use severity among primary care patients screened for hazardous alcohol use and, among those screened, examined patterns of significant depressive symptoms. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from primary care patients (n = 2,894,906), we examined past-90-day alcohol use (number of typical drinking days/week and typical number of drinks consumed daily); depression screening rates (using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]); and symptom severity, demographics, and prevalence of selected psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Within 30 days of routine, in-clinic alcohol use screening by medical assistants, 2.4% (n = 68,686) of patients also completed a PHQ-9; these patients were more likely to be female, younger, white, Medicaid insured, and to have a nondepressive psychiatric diagnosis and a lower Charlson comorbidity score. Abstainers and moderate drinkers (1 to 7 drinks/week or 1 to 4 drinks/week for women and individuals >65 years or for men ≤65 years, respectively) were less likely than hazardous drinkers (exceeding weekly limits) to complete the PHQ-9 or to have significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥10). Nonwhite patients with higher Charlson comorbidity scores were more likely to endorse significant depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Only a small fraction of patients in this cohort were screened for depression. Nonwhite patients and those with higher comorbidity burden were more likely to report depression but less likely to be screened. These discrepancies between depression-screening rates and significant depressive symptoms suggest that screening for depression should be enhanced in these at-risk groups.