cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CIDNP and intersystem crossing in biradicals

Abstract Magnetic field dependence curves are presented for the 13 C CIDNP signals resulting from photolysis of 2-phenylcycloalkanones in cyclohexane. One of the three biradical-derived products, the trapped ketene, reverses its polarization at high field. This is interpreted in terms of a competition between nuclear spin-dependent and nuclear spin-independent intersystem crossing in the biradical, and as evidence for a product selectivity based on the mechanism of intersystem crossing.
Characterization of a Salt-Tolerant Family 42 β-Galactosidase from a Psychrophilic Antarctic Planococcus Isolate

We isolated a gram-positive, halotolerant psychrophile from a hypersaline pond located on the McMurdo Ice Shelf in Antarctica. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this organism showed that it is a member of the genus Planococcus. This assignment is consistent with the morphology and physiological characteristics of the organism. A gene encoding a beta-galactosidase in this isolate was cloned in an Escherichia coli host. Sequence analysis of this gene placed it in glycosidase family 42 most closely related to an enzyme from Bacillus circulans. Even though an increasing number of family 42 glycosidase sequences are appearing in databases, little information about the biochemical features of these enzymes is available. Therefore, we purified and characterized this enzyme. The purified enzyme did not appear to have any metal requirement, had an optimum pH of 6.5 and an optimum temperature of activity at 42 degrees C, and was irreversibly inactivated within 10 min when it was incubated at 55 degrees C. The enzyme had an apparent K(m) of 4.9 micromol of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, and the V(max) was 467 micromol of o-nitrophenol produced/min/mg of protein at 39 degrees C. Of special interest was the finding that the enzyme remained active at high salt concentrations, which makes it a possible reporter enzyme for halotolerant and halophilic organisms.
Response of six wild potato species to chloride and sulfate salinity

Eleven accessions belonging to six species ofSolanum (S. bulbocastanum,S. chacoense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. papita, and S.sparsipilum) were tested for resistance to salt. Resistance was measured by survival and growth (dry weight of tops) of plants treated with solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4. The six species could be grouped into four classes based on good to poor resistance to salt solutions (1.S. chacoense, 2.S. gourlayi, 3.S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. bulbocastanum and 4.S. papita). There was a close relationship (r=0.94**) between the survival of plants and growth of surviving plants treated with salt solutions. There was no relationship between known heat or drought resistance of various accessions and salt resistance. Results indicate there is a large genetic base available to improve the salt resistance of the cultivated potato.
PTK7 Regulates Myosin II Activity to Orient Planar Polarity in the Mammalian Auditory Epithelium

Summary Background Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is a key regulator of epithelial morphogenesis, including neural tube closure and the orientation of inner ear sensory hair cells, and is mediated by a conserved noncanonical Wnt pathway. Ptk7 is a novel vertebrate-specific regulator of PCP, yet the mechanisms by which Ptk7 regulates mammalian epithelial PCP remain poorly understood. Results Here we show that, in the mammalian auditory epithelium, Ptk7 is not required for membrane recruitment of Dishevelled 2; Ptk7 and Frizzled3/Frizzled6 receptors act in parallel and have opposing effects on hair cell PCP. Mosaic analysis identified a requirement of Ptk7 in neighboring supporting cells for hair cell PCP. Ptk7 and the noncanonical Wnt pathway differentially regulate a contractile myosin II network near the apical surface of supporting cells. We provide evidence that this apical myosin II network exerts polarized contractile tension on hair cells to align their PCP, as revealed by asymmetric junctional recruitment of vinculin, a tension-sensitive actin binding protein. In Ptk7 mutants, compromised myosin II activity resulted in loss of planar asymmetry and reduced junctional localization of vinculin. By contrast, vinculin planar asymmetry and stereociliary bundle orientation were restored in Fz3 −/− ;Ptk7 −/− double mutants. Conclusions These findings suggest that PTK7 acts in conjunction with the noncanonical Wnt pathway to orient epithelial PCP through modulation of myosin II-based contractile tension between supporting cells and hair cells.
Halide doping of ferromagnetic europium chalcogenides

Abstract The europium chalcogenides EuO, EuS, and EuSe are insulating ferromagnets at low temperatures. Rather large increases in their Curie temperature can be effected by doping to increase their electrical resistivity. Previously the doping species have been cation substitutions of “trivalent” rare earth ions or Eu-metal. It is shown here that the monovalent halide ions, particularly Cl − , are very effective in increasing the conductivity and Curie temperature of EuS and EuSe. The increases in electrical conductivity, and the sharpness of the magnetic transition temperatures, as determined by initial permeability measurements, are strongly related to the doping concentration. Between about 1 and 1.5% chloride doping in EuS, the magnetic inhomogeneity at the transition temperature is sharply lowered and the conductivity shows a marked increase. The different environments of the dopant, whether it is on the anion or cation site, and their effect on the spin cluster formation are discussed.
Inflammasomes in aspergillosis--it takes two to tango

Intracellular inflammasome complexes regulate critical cytokine responses to infections. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Karki et al. (2015) show that protection against the fungus Aspergillus requires the combined efforts of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes and involves both caspase-1 and caspase-8.
Chromosome number and carmustine sensitivity in human gliomas

Background. Although some patients with malignant gliomas respond to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents like BCNU, tumor recurrence inevitably occurs, heralding the development of chemoresistance. Treating and/or preventing chemoresistance requires distinguishing newly developed resistance from the presence of intrinsically resistant cells in the primary tumor population. This study relates the chromosomal complements of freshly resected astrocytomas to the cells' chemosensitivity and ultimately to the patients' response to treatment. Methods. The authors dissociated 31 freshly resected human gliomas (5 astrocytomas, 10 anaplastic astrocytomas, 16 glioblastomas multiforme) into single cells, and performed cytogenetic analysis and BCNU sensitivity testing using the colony-forming assay (CFA) on first division cells from these tumors. Results. The major cytogenetic abnormalities involved the loss of a sex chromosome in all three classes of gliomas and the gain of chromosome 7 in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme; clonal marker chromosomes were observed in only anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme with no common rearrangement observed among the tumors. The five astrocytomas were near-diploid (2n°, 35–57 chromosomes/cell), and all were resistant to BCNU. Seven of ten anaplastic astrocytomas were composed primarily of 2n° cells and were BCNU resistant. Three other anaplastic astrocytomas had a 39% or greater representation of 4n° cells (88–101 chromosomes/cell), and these tumors were sensitive to BCNU. Ten of 16 glioblastomas multiforme were composed predominantly of 2n° cells and were resistant to carmustine. Six other glioblastomas multiforme had at least 41% 3n° (58–87 chromosomes/metaphase) and 4n° cell populations and were sensitive to carmustine. Thus, gliomas demonstrating BCNU sensitivity were more than 60% hyperdiploid (60 or more chromosomes/metaphase) with 1 to 8 clonal marker chromosomes and multiple clonal populations involving complex karyotypic deviations. In contrast, all 22 resistant tumors were composed primarily of near-diploid cells. Only 4 of 22 tumors had a clonal marker, and the chromosome ploidy changes were less extensive. Conclusions. In freshly resected untreated human gliomas, BCNU is most effective against hyperdiploid cells that have extensive ploidy changes and chromosome rearrangement, whereas resistance to carmustine is characteristic of near-diploid populations with few ploidy changes and rearranged chromosomes. This observation was consistent for all three classes of gliomas.
Approach of females to magnified reflections indicates that claw size of waving fiddler crabs correlates with signaling effectiveness

Male sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, wave a claw to attract females to a breeding burrow. The effect of claw size on the likelihood of attracting mate-seeking females is little studied although in some other species females preferentially approach larger males. We used paired mirrors to reflect different sized images of the same male in a South Carolina (USA) back-beach habitat. Use of mirrors controlled for waving rate (but not velocity), waving motion, claw color, and claw shape. Female choice was attributed to instances in which a female contacted one of two mirrors. Paired mirrors were inclined toward one another in an arena defined by blinds and containing a single male. Two reflections of the male were visible to females moving approximately 50 cm toward the mirrors. The male was behind a small internal blind and not directly visible. In one-half of the trials, a non-magnifying mirror was placed at the bottom of mirrors so that only the elevated claw was magnified. Thus, body and burrow size and apparent distance were controlled. Receptive females preferred the larger reflection whether or not the body of the male was magnified, suggesting the importance of claw size. Non-receptive females did not exercise a choice. Control arenas, without a male, rarely attracted females. The results suggest that females choose on the basis of claw size. Selection on females may favor response to larger-clawed males because use of the claw in contests between males over burrows maintains the honesty of claw size as a signal of burrow quality.
Sandstone petrofacies in the Cenozoic High Plains sequence, eastern Wyoming and Nebraska

Cenozoic stream systems east of the Laramie Range in Wyoming and Nebraska and their headwater areas in the Laramie and Front Ranges, the Hartville uplift, and North Park basin are better defined by stratigraphic and geographic distribution of sandstone petrofacies in the Cenozoic High Plains sequence than by stratigraphic parameters or paleocurrent measurements. Light and heavy minerals are grouped into four distinct populations: a volcaniclastic sandstone petrofacies transported to the plains from distant volcanic eruptions, a plagioclase sandstone petrofacies derived from the anorthosite complex in the Laramie Range, a feldspathic sandstone petrofacies eroded from granitic and metamorphic rocks in the Front and Laramie Ranges and the Hartville uplift, and a rhyolite-bearing feldspathic sandstone petrofacies derived from Cenozoic volcanic rocks in North Park basin and from granitic and metamorphic rocks in adjacent mountains. Reconstruction of stream systems and their evolution is possible for the High Plains sequence because of distinctive crystalline rock types in the headwater area, lack of diagenetic alteration of detrital minerals in the sandstones, and lack of mixing of distinctive suites of the channel deposits. The depositional system consists of two major components: (1) coarse-grained stream-channel deposits and (2) widespread fine-grained eolian, wash, and flood deposits made up largely of pyroclastic material. The nature, distribution, and abundance of these components were controlled by the rate of air-fall of pyroclastic material in relation to the supply of detritus from crystalline rocks in the Front and Laramie Ranges and the Hartville uplift and by regional uplift, persistent parallelism of stream channels away from the mountains, semiarid to arid climatic conditions, and the shape of the drainage basins.
Utility of Web-based assessment of patient satisfaction with endoscopy

Abstract Objectives The dramatic growth of the World Wide Web (Web) holds potential for use in survey distribution and submission. Its use has not previously been studied in the context of patient satisfaction with endoscopy procedures. In this study we compared standard mail, telephone, and Web-based modes of endoscopy satisfaction survey administration with respect to response rate and response content. Methods An endoscopy satisfaction questionnaire consisting of seven core items from the modified Group Health Association of America (GHAA-9) was distributed to patients after routine outpatient endoscopy. Patients were randomized to receive the questionnaire by standard mail, telephone, or Web (if applicable). Response rates and satisfaction scores in the groups were compared. The nonresponders to the standard mail and Web surveys were subsequently contacted by telephone to determine their level of satisfaction. Results Response rates to the telephone survey (81% among those designated as non–Web users and 78% among Web users) and standard mail (75% non–Web users, 67% Web users) were higher than response rate to the Web-based survey (34%) ( p ≤ 0.0005). There was no significant difference in satisfaction scores among the groups or between satisfaction of nonresponders and responders. Conclusions The potential of our Web-based survey was limited by poor response rates. This arose from privacy protection precautions that complicated access to the Web site. Future Web-based strategies for surveying patients will need to be more user-friendly while maintaining the intent of the recent Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations.
Institutional History and Policy Change: Exploring the Origins of the New Antitrust

The Reagan agenda embodied a single broad goal for domestic policy: to redefine the scope of public authority to limit the extent of state intervention in the market. This goal found a concrete expression in attempts to reverse welfare-state policies, restructure the tax system, and lighten the “regulatory burden.” The Reagan revolution was extended to antitrust. A number of top appointees were representatives of the Chicago school, a conservative group of economists and attorneys characterized by a faith in the efficiency-promoting nature of markets and a grave pessimism regarding government intervention in the economy. They rejected the political and social goals of antitrust and argued that the market rather than the state was best suited to determine the most efficient forms of economic organization.
Analyzing quality-of-place

In this paper I assess the current state of knowledge about quality-of-place (QOP) analysis. I find that there are persistent problems in measuring QOP, highly personal links between individual QOP perceptions and aggregate QOP measurements, mostly unintended impacts of public policy decisions on QOP outcomes, and inadequate triangulation across model approximations and data limitations when building tools to support local decision-making. The analytical community should therefore acknowledge that people hold diverse preferences, increase efforts to detect and model the consequences of policies, look across levels of decision-making for influences on QOP, and build adaptive analytical capacity.
A conserved ubiquitination pathway determines longevity in response to diet restriction

Dietary restriction extends longevity in diverse species, suggesting that there is a conserved mechanism for nutrient regulation and prosurvival responses. Here we show a role for the HECT (homologous to E6AP carboxy terminus) E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP-1 as a positive regulator of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans in response to dietary restriction. We find that overexpression of wwp-1 in worms extends lifespan by up to 20% under conditions of ad libitum feeding. This extension is dependent on the FOXA transcription factor pha-4, and independent of the FOXO transcription factor daf-16. Reduction of wwp-1 completely suppresses the extended longevity of diet-restricted animals. However, the loss of wwp-1 does not affect the long lifespan of animals with compromised mitochondrial function or reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling. Overexpression of a mutant form of WWP-1 lacking catalytic activity suppresses the increased lifespan of diet-restricted animals, indicating that WWP-1 ubiquitin ligase activity is essential for longevity. Furthermore, we find that the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, UBC-18, is essential and specific for diet-restriction-induced longevity. UBC-18 interacts with WWP-1 and is required for the ubiquitin ligase activity of WWP-1 and the extended longevity of worms overexpressing wwp-1. Taken together, our results indicate that WWP-1 and UBC-18 function to ubiquitinate substrates that regulate diet-restriction-induced longevity.
Quality evaluation of apples based on surface defects: development of an automated inspection system

Abstract The development of an automated inspection station to grade processing apples includes a conveyor for apple orientation, optics and camera to capture identical images at three predetermined wavebands, a lighting system that illuminates the apple's surface diffusely and image processing algorithms to segment surface defects on apples in real time. The conveyor oriented apples so that the stem/calyx ends were not visible during image capture. Multi-spectral optics fabricated using a multi-vision linear filter mounted in front of the camera lens provided three different waveband (740, 950 nm and visible) images of apples on a single camera array. Interference filters placed in the optical path provided the different wavebands. The diameter and height of each apple was measured to estimate the apple's volume. These dimensions and the position of the apple in the image allowed a portion of each image to be defined, the so-called region of interest (ROI). These sub-images made a composite image of the apple's surface.
Jmol-Enhanced Biochemistry Research Projects

We developed a protein research project for a one-semester biochemistry lecture class to enhance learning and more effectively train students to understand protein structure and function. During this semester-long process, students select a protein with known structure and then research its structure, sequence, and function. This project culminates with students preparing their own Jmol-enhanced Web site that both visualizes their chosen protein’s structure and explains its function. All students were able to successfully produce a Web site regardless of prior experience. Compared with previous students who wrote a standard research paper, students involved in this project were more enthusiastic about biochemistry and ended the semester with a better appreciation of the connection between protein structure and protein function.
Consolidating Electrorefined Spent Nuclear Fuel Waste: Analysis and Experiment

Argonne National Laboratory has developed a process to immobilize waste salt containing fission products, uranium, and transuranic elements as chlorides in a glass-bonded ceramic waste form. This salt was generated in the electrorefining operation used in the electrometallurical treatment of spent EBR-II fuel. The ceramic waste process culminates with an elevated temperature operation. The processing conditions used by the furnace, for demonstration scale and production scale operations, are to be developed at Argonne National Laboratory. To assist in selecting the processing conditions of the furnace and to reduce the number of costly experiments, a finite difference model was developed to predict the consolidation of the ceramic waste. The model accurately predicted the heating as well as the bulk density of the ceramic waste form. The methodology used to develop the computer model and a comparison of the analysis to experimental data is presented.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Presence of mobility-fluctuation 1f noise identified in silicon P+NP transistors

The magnitude and location of mobility-fluctuation 1f noise sources have been identified by means of biasing a PNP transistor in a common emitter configuration with first a high and then a low source resistance. Comparison of the two noise spectra at the same base currents shows the low source resistor bias isolates the collector noise sources, and the high source rsolates base noise sources. The magnitude of the observed collector 1f noise gives an α − 2 × 10−6 from Kleinpenning's mobility-fluctuation theory. The base 1f noise gives an α ∼- 10−7 due to an impurity mobility reduction factor of about 100.
A message-driven programming system for fine-grain multicomputers

This paper describes an experimental message-driven programming system for fine-grain multicomputers. The initial target architecture is the J-machine designed at MIT. This machine combines a unique collection of architectural features that include fine-grain processes, on-chip associative memory; and hardware support for process synchronization. The programming system uses these mechanisms via a simple message-driven process model that blurs the distinction between processes and messages: messages correspond to processes that are executed elsewhere in the network. This model allows code and data to be distributed across the computers in the machine, and is supported at every stage of the program development cycle. The prototype system we have developed includes a basic set of programming tools to support the model; these include a compiler, linker, archiver, loader and microkernel. Although the concepts are language independent, our prototype system is based on GNU-C.
Review: ACE-Is or ARBs reduce adverse CV outcomes regardless of baseline systolic blood pressure

Source Citation McAlister FA; Renin Angiotensin System Modulator Meta-Analysis Investigators. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are beneficial in normotensiv...
Unit-Treatment Interaction and Its Practical Consequences

SUMMARY. Most statistical characterizations of a treatment effect focus on the average effect of the treatment over an entire population. However, average effects may provide inadequate information, sometimes misleading information, when a substantial unit-treatment interaction is present in the population. It is even possible that a nonnegligible proportion of the individuals in the population experience an unfavorable treatment effect even though the treatment might appear to be beneficial when considering population averages. This paper examines the extent to which information about unit-treatment interaction can be extracted using observed data from a two-treatment completely randomized experiment. A method for utilizing the information from an available covariate is proposed. Although unit-treatment interaction is a nonidentifiable quantity, we show that mathematical bounds for it can be estimated from observed data. These bounds lead to estimated bounds for the probability of an unfavorable treatment effect. Maximum likelihood estimators of the bounds and their corresponding large-sample distributions are given. The use of the estimated bounds is illustrated in a clinical trials data example.
THE RELATION OF THE SPLEEN TO BLOOD DESTRUCTION AND REGENERATION AND TO HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE : IV. A STUDY, BY THE METHODS OF IMMUNOLOGY, OF THE INCREASED RESISTANCE OF THE RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES AFTER SPLENECTOMY.

1. The erythrocytes of splenectomized dogs show increased resistance to the action of hypotonic salt solutions and to specific hemolytic immune serum. The degree of resistance appears to increase with the length of time that has elapsed after splenectomy. 2. This increased resistance of the erythrocytes is not due to an increased antihemolytic power of the animal's serum or to a diminished complementary value of the serum, but is a property depending upon the erythrocytes themselves. 3. Non-splenectomized animals receiving a single injection of specific hemolytic immune serum and developing a temporary anemia show likewise on recovery an increased resistance of the corpuscles without the presence of antihemolysin in demonstrable amount. 4. As anemia of varying grade is a characteristic result of splenectomy, it would appear that the increased resistance of the corpuscles is a concomitant of the regeneration of the red cells following such anemia and is thus analogous to the increased resistance of such cells not infrequently observed in various forms of experimental anemia. 5. There is no evidence to indicate that the anemia after splenectomy is due to the presence of hemolytic bodies, or that the increased resistance of the cells is due to antihemolytic bodies, accumulating in the serum as the result of the ablation of the spleen. It is evident therefore that the spleen in some way controls or regulates blood destruction (and regeneration ?), and in the hope of throwing light on the subject, an investigation of the bone marrow and lymph nodes of splenectomized dogs is now under way.
Ischemia-reperfusion-induced calpain activation and SERCA2a degradation are attenuated by exercise training and calpain inhibition

The Ca2+-activated protease calpain has been shown to play a deleterious role in the heart during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would minimize I/R-indu...
Is Wiener/Hammerstein system identification really nonlinear?

Currently, a number of methods exist for identifying nonlinear Wiener and Hammerstein systems. However, there is no attempt to address the fundamental questions of how nonlinear these identifications really are and why the existing methods work? In this paper, we try to answer the questions by investigating the objective function used to identify those systems. The results show that for both Hammerstein and Wiener identifications, the cost function is globally monotone has one and only one minimum.
A Principle for Corner Store Positioning under Intrinsic Modeling for Traffic Orientation

This paper presents the following normative positioning principle in convenience store competition at an intersection. In countries where traffic advances on the right (left) side of the street, other things being equal, a convenience corner store should locate clockwise (counterclockwise) adjacent to the already established stores. This principle is established within a spatial framework emphasizing the relationship among the following: consumer-driver preferences, relative volume of traffic movements, and store potential at different corners. The analysis demonstrates the dependence of competitor strategy on available locations, sequence of positioning, and utility considerations.
Mechanical Characterization of Thin Films Using Full-Field Measurement of Diaphragm Deflection

A new method for evaluating the elastic moduli and residual stresses in thin films is presented. This technique is based on measurement of the complete deflected shape of pressurized diaphragms made of the material to be evaluated. It offers important advantages over previous techniques in which only the displacement of the center of the diaphragm is measured as a function of pressure. The experimental apparatus uses a laser beam and its reflection from the sample surface to determine relative height. Measurements are made over an area of the sample by performing a two-dimensional scan of the sample under the laser beam. The most important advantage of determining the entire deformed shape of the diaphragm is that the shape is known rather than assumed. This way, the particular theory chosen to analyze the structural response does not also dictate a deformed shape based solely on the maximum deflection at the midpoint. Plate theory, as opposed to the more traditional membrane theory, is used to account for the dominance of bending behavior at low pressure and near the diaphragm edges. An energy method is employed to estimate stiffness and residual stress. The accuracy of this approximate method is directly related to how closely the assumed mode shape used in the analysis approximates the true response of the structure. Since these surface profiles are measured experimentally, the resulting property estimates are obtained with increased confidence.
Multi-dimensional hybrid Fourier continuation-WENO solvers for conservation laws

We introduce a multi-dimensional point-wise multi-domain hybrid Fourier-Continuation/WENO technique (FC-WENO) that enables high-order and non-oscillatory solution of systems of nonlinear conservation laws, and essentially dispersionless, spectral, solution away from discontinuities, as well as mild CFL constraints for explicit time stepping schemes. The hybrid scheme conjugates the expensive, shock-capturing WENO method in small regions containing discontinuities with the efficient FC method in the rest of the computational domain, yielding a highly effective overall scheme for applications with a mix of discontinuities and complex smooth structures. The smooth and discontinuous solution regions are distinguished using the multi-resolution procedure of Harten [A. Harten, Adaptive multiresolution schemes for shock computations, J. Comput. Phys. 115 (1994) 319-338]. We consider a WENO scheme of formal order nine and a FC method of order five. The accuracy, stability and efficiency of the new hybrid method for conservation laws are investigated for problems with both smooth and non-smooth solutions. The Euler equations for gas dynamics are solved for the Mach 3 and Mach 1.25 shock wave interaction with a small, plain, oblique entropy wave using the hybrid FC-WENO, the pure WENO and the hybrid central difference-WENO (CD-WENO) schemes. We demonstrate considerable computational advantages of the new FC-based method over the two alternatives. Moreover, in solving a challenging two-dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI), the hybrid solver results in seven-fold speedup over the pure WENO scheme. Thanks to the multi-domain formulation of the solver, the scheme is straightforwardly implemented on parallel processors using message passing interface as well as on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) using CUDA programming language. The performance of the solver on parallel CPUs yields almost perfect scaling, illustrating the minimal communication requirements of the multi-domain strategy. For the same RMI test, the hybrid computations on a single GPU, in double precision arithmetics, displays five- to six-fold speedup over the hybrid computations on a single CPU. The relative speedup of the hybrid computation over the WENO computations on GPUs is similar to that on CPUs, demonstrating the advantage of hybrid schemes technique on both CPUs and GPUs.
The Histone H4 Lysine 20 Monomethyl Mark, Set by PR-Set7 and Stabilized by L(3)mbt, Is Necessary for Proper Interphase Chromatin Organization

Drosophila PR-Set7 or SET8 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20). L(3)MBT has been identified as a reader of methylated H4K20. It contains several conserved domains including three MBT repeats binding mono- and dimethylated H4K20 peptides. We find that the depletion of PR-Set7 blocks de novo H4K20me1 resulting in the immediate activation of the DNA damage checkpoint, an increase in the size of interphase nuclei, and drastic reduction of cell viability. L(3)mbt on the other hand stabilizes the monomethyl mark, as L(3)mbt-depleted S2 cells show a reduction of more than 60% of bulk monomethylated H4K20 (H4K20me1) while viability is barely affected. Ploidy and basic chromatin structure show only small changes in PR-Set7-depleted cells, but higher order interphase chromatin organization is significantly affected presumably resulting in the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. In the absence of any other known functions of PR-Set7, the setting of the de novo monomethyl mark appears essential for cell viability in the presence or absence of the DNA damage checkpoint, but once newly assembled chromatin is established the monomethyl mark, protected by L(3)mbt, is dispensable.
Developing linguistic literacy: perspectives from corpus linguistics and multi-dimensional analysis

In their conceptual framework for linguistic literacy development, Ravid & Tolchinsky synthesize research studies from several perspectives. One of these is corpus-based research, which has been used for several large-scale research studies of spoken and written registers over the past 20 years. In this approach, a large, principled collection of natural texts (a ‘corpus’) is analysed using computational and interactive techniques, to identify the salient linguistic characteristics of each register or text variety. Three characteristics of corpus-based analysis are particularly important (see Biber, Conrad & Reppen 1998): [bull ] a special concern for the representativeness of the text sample being analysed, and for the generalizability of findings; [bull ] overt recognition of the interactions among linguistic features: the ways in which features co-occur and alternate; [bull ] a focus on register as the most important parameter of linguistic variation: strong patterns of use in one register often represent only weak patterns in other registers.
Immunohistochemical identification of discrete subsets of rat olfactory neurons and the glomeruli that they innervate.

Glomeruli at the posterior margin of the main olfactory bulb differ in several respects from those located in the remainder of the bulb; e.g., the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that project here exhibit a distinct biochemical phenotype and signal transduction pathway, the microcircuitry of the glomeruli is substantially altered, and the glomeruli are activated by unconventional odorants. In the present work, we report that the monoclonal antibodies 2C6 and MAb213 label distinct subsets of OSNs in the olfactory epithelium (OE), including their axons to their terminations in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Neurons immunopositive with 2C6 are concentrated in the cul-de-sacs of ectoturbinates 1 and 2 and of endoturbinate IV. Unlike the vast majority of OSNs, 2C6(+) neurons express olfactory marker protein (OMP) at a low level, but their failure to stain with anti-GAP-43 labeling indicates that the OMP "weak" neurons are nonetheless mature. Glomeruli positive for 2C6 are bilaterally symmetrical and occupy reproducible positions along the posterior margin of the MOB. Three of these are very large, and we refer to them as the lateral, posterior ventral, and anterior ventral 2C6(+) necklace glomeruli. MAb213(+) neurons are concentrated in the posteriormost tips of the cul-de-sacs and recesses at the reflection of the OE at the cribriform plate. Like 2C6(+) neurons, MAb213(+) OSNs are weakly labeled with anti-OMP but are fully mature. MAb213(+) glomeruli are also bilaterally symmetrical; they occupy reproducible positions along the posterior margin of the MOB. The three largest glomeruli occupy lateral, posterior ventral, and posterior positions; the first two are found close to the aforementioned 2C6(+) glomeruli. MAb213 also intensely labels one of the glomeruli of the modified glomerular complex, a string of small glomeruli ventrally, and another string dorsal to the accessory olfactory bulb. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical staining of adjacent sections showed that many, but not all, MAb213(+) glomeruli colocalize with dense or moderate AChE staining. Thus, it is likely that the "necklace olfactory glomeruli" (Shinoda et al., 1990, 1993) and the phosphodiesterase (PDE2)(+) glomeruli (Juilfs et al., 1997) are a subset(s) of the MAb213(+) glomeruli. On the other hand, 2C6(+) glomeruli are not associated with AChE staining. These data indicate that the 2C6(+) glomeruli comprise a novel subset in the posterior MOB. In addition to the 2C6(+) and MAb213(+) necklace glomeruli, there is another distinct set of glomeruli at the posterior margin of the bulb that are OMP(-), 2C6(-), and MAb213(-). In summary, the current work indicates that glomeruli at the posterior margin of the bulb, which are necklace glomeruli in terms of location and appearance, are actually heterogeneous and may subserve specialized functions within the olfactory system.
Simultaneous Tracking Controller Synthesis for MIMO Systems

Simultaneous stabilization of linear, time-invariant, multi-input multi-output stable plants is considered with asymptotic tracking of step-input references with zero steady-state error. Conditions are derived for existence of simultaneous integral-action controllers and PID-controllers. A systematic simultaneous PID synthesis method is proposed.
Factors controlling the concentrations of soluble phosphorus in the Mississippi estuary1

Sediments from the Mississippi River estuary were suspended in solutions with a range of salinities and various initial concentrations of phosphate. After 42 days the suspensions had nearly uniform values for the ion activity product of calcium times biphosphate, [Ca2+] [HP0,2-] x 10e9 M2. Similar values were observed for this ion product in the Mississippi River and in the upper estuary, suggesting that the concentration of soluble phosphorus nlay be controlled by an equilibrium with sedimentary material. The data are consistent with a Inechanism where soluble phosphorus is controlled by hydrolysis on the surface of hydroxyapatize particles: Ca,,(PO,),(OH), + 6H2O Z 4[Ca,HPO,(OH),],,,,, + 2Ca2+ + 2HPOd2-. Phosphorus levels in the lower estuary are controlled primarily by tlilution with low-nutrient waters from-the Gulf of Mexico.
Predictors of cardiopulmonary arrest outcome in a comprehensive cancer center intensive care unit

Background Some comprehensive cancer centers in industrialized countries have reported improved outcomes in their cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) patients. Little is known about the outcomes and predictors of CPA in cancer centers in other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to examine the predictors of CPA outcome in a comprehensive cancer center closed medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) located in Amman, Jordan.
Phylogenetic Logistic Regression for Binary Dependent Variables

We develop statistical methods for phylogenetic logistic regression in which the dependent variable is binary (0 or 1) and values are nonindependent among species, with phylogenetically related species tending to have the same value of the dependent variable. The methods are based on an evolutionary model of binary traits in which trait values switch between 0 and 1 as species evolve up a phylogenetic tree. The more frequently the trait values switch (i.e., the higher the rate of evolution), the more rapidly correlations between trait values for phylogenetically related species break down. Therefore, the statistical methods also give a way to estimate the phylogenetic signal of binary traits. More generally, the methods can be applied with continuous- and/or discrete-valued independent variables. Using simulations, we assess the statistical properties of the methods, including bias in the estimates of the logistic regression coefficients and the parameter that estimates the strength of phylogenetic signal in the dependent variable. These analyses show that, as with the case for continuous-valued dependent variables, phylogenetic logistic regression should be used rather than standard logistic regression when there is the possibility of phylogenetic correlations among species. Standard logistic regression does not properly account for the loss of information caused by resemblance of relatives and as a result is likely to give inflated type I error rates, incorrectly identifying regression parameters as statistically significantly different from zero when they are not.
Unfolding the zero structure of a linear control system

Abstract This paper is motivated by the problem of controller design for a parameter-dependent linear system. Many compensation techniques depend critically on aspects of the zero structure of the system, such as relative degree, or the nonminimum-phase property. However, the zero structure is structurally unstable, meaning it may change discontinuously with small changes in the parameters. Thus it is crucial that the designer know what structures and structural transitions are possible. This paper uses a miniversal deformation, or unfolding, of the Kronecker form previously reported by the authors, and applies it directly to pencils in a canonical form of the system matrix. The unfolding is used to explore all zero structures in the neighborhood of a nominal system. Several examples are presented. When possible, the results are presented in the form of a bifurcation diagram.
Multiscale finite element analysis of wave propagation in periodic solids

This paper reports on the application of the geometric multiscale finite element method for the analysis of wave propagation in heterogeneous periodic solids. The proposed scheme exploits multi-node elements to describe the microstructure through a local, auxiliary mesh that resolves the fine scale features, and that is used to numerically compute a set of interpolation functions employed for elements formulations at the global level. The method is applied for the analysis of the dispersion properties of, and transient wave propagation in domains featuring periodicity in two dimensions. Band diagram calculations, wave velocities and time domain computations are conducted on solids discretized using two-dimensional and three-dimensional multiscale finite element meshes. Results for assemblies with periodic inclusions, phononic stubbed plates and structural lattices illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Accurate predictions of dispersion relations, wave modes and time domain simulations are obtained with significant reductions in model size. The presented examples also illustrate some of the interesting wave characteristics of the considered class of periodic structures, which include wave directionality and frequency bandgaps. HighlightsWe apply the Geometric Multiscale FEM to the analysis of periodic media.We show applications of the method both in the time and frequency domain.The method reduces the computational cost of calculations while maintaining accuracy.
Emigration and the Reconceptualization of Wealth: Cosmopolitanism and its Limits in the Malian Trade Diaspora (Lagos 1960-2010)

This paper explores the influence of the Malian diaspora in Lagos on conceptions of wealth among Malians over the last fifty years. In Mali, the dominant household model into the 21st century was the du, or extended family compound. This configuration both reflected and reinforced a communal conception of wealth. The dutigi, or family patriarch, controlled all assets on the family’s behalf. No concept of individual wealth separate from the du existed. The threat of community censure ensured that family members acquiring personal assets made such property available to kin upon request. While families encouraged emigration of junior males to increase collective income, it often had the opposite effect. Living in spatially-enforced nuclear-family households, outside the control of the dutigi, and operating within a system of individual entrepreneurs, many Malians in Lagos began conceiving of wealth in individual terms. They diverted earnings from family remittances into personal investments, including houses in the Malian capital of Bamako. Complicating the pattern, other members of the diaspora continued to remit earnings to the dutigi, and sent their children to grow up in the du. This paper examines how competing notions of wealth have coexisted in both diaspora and homeland over the past half-century.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Axis Can Promote Mouse and Human Primary Mast Cell Angiogenic Potential through Upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

Mast cells (MC) are present in most vascularized tissues around the vasculature likely exerting immunomodulatory functions. Endowed with diverse mediators, resident MC represent first-line fine-tuners of local microenvironment. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) functions as a pluripotent signaling sphingolipid metabolite in health and disease. S1P formation occurs at low levels in resting MC and is upregulated upon activation. Its export can result in type 2 S1P receptor- (S1PR2-) mediated stimulation of MC, further fueling inflammation. However, the role of S1PR2 ligation in proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) A and matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2 release from MC is unknown. Using a preclinical MC-dependent model of acute allergic responses and in vitro stimulated primary mouse bone marrow-derived MC (BMMC) or human primary skin MC, we report that S1P signaling resulted in substantial amount of VEGF-A release. Similar experiments using S1pr2-deficient mice or BMMC or selective S1P receptor agonists or antagonists demonstrated that S1P/S1PR2 ligation on MC is important for VEGF-A secretion. Further, we show that S1P stimulation triggered transcriptional upregulation of VEGF-A and MMP-2 mRNA in human but not in mouse MC. S1P exposure also triggered MMP-2 secretion from human MC. These studies identify a novel proangiogenic axis encompassing MC/S1P/S1PR2 likely relevant to inflammation.
BioGlue for traumatic liver laceration

Abstract Introduction Advances in diagnostic imaging and monitoring have led to a shift towards primary non-operative management for most blunt liver injuries. Hemostatic biologic agents are a potential adjunct in the treatment of bile leak, especially in patients requiring surgery for drainage of a biloma. Presentation of case We present a 31 year old woman who presented to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. She was found to have a Grade 4 liver injury causing hemoperitoneum. The patient was taken immediately for an exploratory laparotomy where the laceration was packed with an absorbable hemostatic mesh. On clinic follow-up one week after discharge, the patient was found to have a bile leak. An ERCP was performed and a stent was placed over the location of the leak. The patient underwent laparotomy the following day for evacuation of her bilomas. The liver laceration was identified and remained at the same depth. CryoLife Bioglue was used to seal the laceration. Discussion Given the high volume biloma, it is unlikely this patient would have been successfully treated without laparotomy. As such, this was an ideal opportunity to utilize Bioglue as an adjunct to seal the liver laceration, and thus potentially the area of bile extravasation. The diversion of drainage using ERCP was likely to have reduced the volume of bile leak substantially, which would also have helped increase the efficacy of the procedure. Conclusion The case presented demonstrates a novel and safe option for the delayed repair of traumatic lacerations.
Edible Yield and Characteristics of Patties Manufactured from Two Types of Chicken Carcasses

Abstract Edible components (white meat, dark meat, skin and fat) were physically separated from each of two types of chicken carcasses (broilers and hens) at varying carcass weights. As carcass weight increased, percentage of dark meat increased for both broilers and hens, while percentage of skin and fat increased for hens but not broilers. When weight was adjusted to a common weight within each type, hens had a higher percentage of white meat than broilers. Chicken patties were manufactured at two fat levels from meat of the hens and broilers. White meat was mechanically tenderized and passed through a kidney-shaped grinder plate. Dark meat, skin, and fat were fine-flaked with an Urschel Comitrol. The meat was placed in a mixer with .75% salt (NaCl) and .75% water and mixed 15 min. Patties made from hens had higher (P .05) was seen in shear values or tenderness as evaluated by a sensory panel between patties made from the two different fat levels; however, patties from the higher fat level had higher cooking losses.