cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Sensor-Based Robot Controller for Autonomous Exploration of Unknown Environments

Abstract This paper describes an oscillator-based controller that was implemented on a two-wheeled, differential drive robot. The controller is loosely based on central pattern generator circuits seen in many animals, and was developed to operate in unknown or changing environments. A unique feature is that the controller adjusts its oscillator parameters based on the pattern of sensory feedback. The controller's performance is evaluated in three different test arenas, each with three variable lighting patterns. The goal of the robot was to seek out areas of bright light and “collect” as much light as possible during a trial. The results indicate that the performance of the self-adjusting oscillator-based controller exceeds that of afixed-oscillator controller, with the performance difference increasing as the complexity of the environment increases.
Separation of Lens culinaris Hemagglutinin by Forced Flow Electrophoresis

Abstract The usefulness and versatility of forced flow electrophoresis (FFE) for the separation of proteins were examined with Lens culinaris hemagglutinin (lentil lectins). FFE was operated both in the usual single stage and in a more effective, new double-stage scheme. The dependence of the resolution on the flow velocity through the permeable channel and on the electrical field were analyzed. Increased effectiveness in separation was obtained with various pretreatments such as electrofiltration, dialysis, and centrifugation.
Freshwater ecosystems and their management: a national initiative

Recently, the laws and regulations that govern water quality and endangered aquatic ecosystems have begun being evaluated in light of increased demands on use of fresh water. Naiman et al. point out that much of the research aimed at evaluating this important resource is in need of improvement and coordination.
Modeling and scale-up of multiwafer LPCVD reactors

The deposition of thin films in a hot-wall multiwafer low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor is an important unit operation in the manufacture of modern integrated circuits. In this article, our previously published model for the multiwafer LPCVD reactor has been combined with in-situ temperature measurements to accurately predict the axial and radial film thickness distributions for a polysilicon deposition process. The model describes in detail multicomponent mass transport, the reactor's thermal environment based on in-situ temperature measurements, and the reactor geometry including inlet and outlet sections as well as downstream injectors. Model predictions were compared with experimental data from two industrial-scale polysilicon reactors at SEMATECH and from a smaller research reactor. Approximate scale-up rules for the important special case of larger wafers were derived from the model equations and tested by simulation. The rules compare well with the results from a nonlinear program in which the axial variation of film growth rate was minimized.
Regular graph designs

Abstract In this survey paper, measures of optimality of experimental designs are discussed from a combinatorial viewpoint. The main vehicle for this discussion is the regular graph design. This family of designs was introduced in the hope that they would be ‘good’ designs in cases where no balanced incomplete block design can exist. Various properties of these designs are discussed.
Treatment of chlorinated solvents by nitrogen-fixing and nitrate-supplied methane oxidizers in columns packed with unsaturated porous media

This study compares the feasibility of employing nitrogen-fixing and nitrate-supplied methane-oxidizing cultures grown in unsaturated porous media to degrade cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in gas streams. Both nitrate-supplied and nitrogen-fixing columns degraded TCE completely at a gaseous concentration of 0.7 mg/L for 8--10 days. However, when columns were supplied with 4% CH{sub 4} and 10% O{sub 2}, nitrate-supplied columns were not able to recover after degrading TCE at a gaseous concentration of 0.13 mg/L for 7 days. In contrast, nitrogen-fixing columns recovered after degrading 0.13--0.4 mg/L TCE for 3--10 days and were capable of repeatedly degrading TCE at gaseous concentrations of 0.03--0.14 mg/L TCE for 3--10 days and were capable of repeatedly degrading TCE at gaseous concentrations of 0.03--0.14 mg/L during long-term intermittent operation that was punctuated by appropriate microbial recovery periods. Both nitrate-supplied and nitrogen-fixing columns were capable of degrading cDCE at concentrations of 0.7--1.0 mg/L for 5--10 days, but only the nitrogen-fixing columns recovered from cDCE exposure. The operating period for columns treating a mixture of TCE and cDCE was significantly shorter than that for treatment of TCE or cDCE alone. Several operating curves were developed to facilitate comparisons between operating conditions and to aid in predictingmore » chlorinated solvent removals in such systems. Nitrogen-fixing columns consistently outperformed nitrate-supplied columns, and columns inoculated with a mixed culture outperformed those inoculated with Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b for TCE removal but not for cDCE removal.« less
Analysis and Design of Launch Vehicle Flight Control Systems

This paper describes the fundamental principles of launch vehicle flight control analysis and design. In particular, the classical concept of "drift-minimum" and "load-minimum" control principles is re-examined and its performance and stability robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties and a gimbal angle constraint is discussed. It is shown that an additional feedback of angle-of-attack or lateral acceleration can significantly improve the overall performance and robustness, especially in the presence of unexpected large wind disturbance. Non-minimum-phase structural filtering of "unstably interacting" bending modes of large flexible launch vehicles is also shown to be effective and robust.
The Effects of the Stronach Dam Removal on Fish in the Pine River, Manistee County, Michigan

Abstract Although dam removal has been increasingly used as an option in dam management and as a river restoration tool, there are few studies providing detailed quantitative assessment of the response of fish populations to dam removal. In this study, we document the response of the fish community in the Pine River, Michigan, to the gradual removal of Stronach Dam. Ten sites were sampled annually during the course of the removal (1997–2003) and for 4 years following removal (2004–2007). Before the removal of Stronach Dam, 11 fish species were found only downstream of the dam, 1 species was found only upstream of the dam, and 19 species were captured both above and below the dam. Following removal, 8 species formerly found only below the dam utilized newly available portions of the river above the dam. Most fish species (18 of the 25 evaluated) showed an increase in abundance following removal, strongly supporting the idea that dam removal reduces multiple factors limiting riverine fishes. Brown trout Sal...
The diffusion flame structure of an ammonium perchlorate based composite propellant at elevated pressures

Abstract Examination of the surface behavior and flame structure of a bimodal ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellant at elevated pressure was performed using high speed (5 kHz) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) from 1 to 12 atm and visible surface imaging spanning 1–20 atm. The dynamics of the combustion of single, coarse AP crystals were resolved using these techniques. It was found that the ignition delay time for individual AP crystals contributed significant to the particle lifetime only at pressures below about 6 atm. In situ AP crystal burning rates were found to be higher than rates reported for pure AP deflagration studies. The flame structure was studied by exciting OH molecules in the gas phase. Two types of diffusion flames were observed above the composite propellant: jet-like flames and v-shaped, inverted, overventilated, flames (IOF) lifted off the surface. While jet-like diffusion flames have been imaged at low pressures and simulated by models, the lifted IOFs have not been previously reported or predicted. The causes for the observed flame structures are explained by drawing on an understanding of the surface topography and disparities in the burning rates of the fuel and oxidizer.
Radiometric observations of the 752.033-GHz rotational absorption line of H2O from a laboratory jet

The intensity and lineshape of the Doppler-broadened 752.033-GHz (211 ← 202) rotational transition of H2O has been studied passively using a high-resolution two-stage heterodyne radiometer with single-sideband system noise temperature of 45,000 K. The purpose of the experiments was to demonstrate the observability at submillimeter wavelengths of a high-altitude rocket plume simulated by a laboratory H2O jet in a vacuum chamber. First-stage mixing was accomplished by means of a GaAs Schottky diode with first local-oscillator power supplied by a CO2-laser pumped formic-acid laser (761.61 GHz), generating and X-band IF signal. Second localoscillator power was provided by a tunable C-band source. One-MHz resolution capability was obtained by means of a 3-GHz waveguide cavity filter with only 9-dB insertion loss. In the H2O jet experiments, the center frequency of the line was determined to within 1 MHz of the previously reported value. A rotational temperature ∼ 75 K, a linewidth ∼5 MHz, and a Doppler shift ∼ 3 MHz (from a 45-degree rotation of the flow direction) were measured with the line-of-sight intersecting the jet axis at a distance downstream of 30 nozzle diameters. These absorption data were ogtained against continuum background radiation sources at temperatures of 1175 and 300 K.
Special Feature: Psychobiologic Perspectives on Treatment of Personality Disorders

The neurobiology of personality dimensions provides a theoretical framework for the design of pharmacologic treatment and studies in the PD patient. Neurotransmitter mediation of specific dimensions, such as novelty seeking, impulsivity, or schizotypy, suggests the usefulness of highly selective medications as clinical treatment and, simultaneously, as confirmatory dimensions. For example, the efficacy of SSRI antidepressants against impulsivity suggests both a clinical treatment and confirmation of the role diminished serotonergic function in impulse dysregulation. Similarly, the efficacy of neuroleptics against schizotypal symptoms supports the hypothesized role in the personality disorders lies in a better understanding of neurotransmitter and receptor function, using sophisticated PET neuroimaging techniques and receptor-specific radioligands to define the biologic basis of specific dimensions. As the focus of study gets smaller, we will no longer treat whole personalities, or even dimensions as we currently view them, but receptor-related functions. The challenge for the pharmacotherapist is to discriminate interpersonal from biologic pathologies, i.e., not to "biologize" all behavior.
Adapting Travel Models and Urban Models to Forecast Greenhouse Gases in California

This paper reviews the California Global Warming Solutions Act, which motivates both urban modeling by countywide agencies and the modeling of energy use in buildings and travel and the resultant greenhouse gases (GHGs). The authors identify principles for urban models and travel models, as applied to countywide land use plans and transportation plans. Two urban models, UPlan (a simple one) and PECAS (a complex one) were developed by the authors and are outlined here. The energy use and GHG impacts calculator, which will take as an input floor space data from UPlan or PECAS, is described. The methods used in this calculator and how it will be applied within the two urban models are described. The UPlan implementation is described in detail and an example given. Finally, the limits of UPlan are identified and an explanation for how PECAS may be able to perform all of the economic evaluations called for in the California Climate Act is provided.
Correlates of Legislative Crime Control Ideology

This article explores the relationship between the crime control attitudes espoused by state legislators and their personal characteristics, their political and constituency characteristics, and their contact with the criminal justice system. A questionaire administered to the members of the Illinois state legislature included 64 items requesting their opinions on crime causation and criminal justice policies. Through a factor analysis technique, three scales were formed measuring attitudes that favored conservative, liberal, and rehabilitative policies. Findings suggest that those legislators representing high crime areas are not more likely to support "get tough" policies. In addition, evidence is presented that those individuals having a greater familiarity with the correctional system are less likely to advocate harsh criminal sanctions.
The neutron microguide as a probe for materials analysis

Abstract A system composed of curved totally reflecting nickel mirrors is described for the focusing of neutrons by the superposition of intensities transmitted through many thin-layer films, each of which points individually to the focus. This is achieved by stacking many curved mirrors on top of each other with their ends slightly overlapping, so that the projections of each microguide meet at the focal point. The maximum current density is obtained with a large number of microguide sheets of minimum thickness, a large radius of curvature, and a short focal length, though the thickness of the microguides may be dictated by more practical considerations. The length of the system should be as short as possible (∼ few cm) to reduce both reflection and scattering losses, consistent with the length of direct view. The major loss in transmission is caused by misalignment of the layers which will diffuse the focus from its theoretical maximum.
Detection and tracking of rotated and scaled targets by use of Hilbert-wavelet transform

In a recent work, we demonstrated the usefulness of the Hilbert transform in identifying the in-plane rotation angle between two objects. Here we use the Hilbert-wavelet bases instead of the Hilbert transform in the determination of the exact angle of rotation. We describe the design of the two-dimensional Hilbert-wavelet filter based on the spectral-factorization method to generate a Hilbert-transform pair of orthogonal wavelet bases. We compare the relative performance of the Hilbert transform and the Hilbert wavelet to identify both in-plane and out-of-plane rotation angles. We demonstrate that the Hilbert wavelet offers better rotation-angle determination than the Hilbert transform. We present correlation based rotated and scaled object identification and tracking using Hilbert or Hilbert-wavelet transformed infrared image sequences. We also demonstrate reduced data handling and improved tracking of distorted objects using the Hilbert-wavelet transform.
The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human‐Computer Interfaces

The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human- Computer Interfaces. Peter J. Thomas. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 268 pp.
The Reproduction of Inequality: Race, Class, Gender, and the Social Organization of Work at Sites of Large-Scale Development Projects

Large-scale dam and infrastructure projects remain common and controversial means toward development and poverty reduction in the Global South. Development authorities often promote employment of local people as part of development and as a promise made to “sell” projects locally. Are these promises of employment fulfilled? And what are the race, class, and gendered consequences of the employment practices implemented at the sites of large-scale development projects? How the social organization of work at the sites of large-scale development projects may create and constitute particular dynamics of inequality has been understudied. This article analyzes the social organization of work at one dam site of a large-scale multidam infrastructure development project, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in 1997 and 2000—2002 in two communities proximate to Katse Dam, I center my analysis on the social organization of work with two goals: first, I render visible the gendered, classed, and raced ways that bodies and labor are organized in the context of this megaproject, both producing and constituting global and local inequalities; and, second, I show how masculinities are mobilized hierarchically to privilege an international hegemonic masculinity over local masculinities, and how the gender order is largely maintained by excluding women from the “privileges” of development through keeping women second-class citizens. These conclusions raise critical questions regarding how work is organized at the sites of large-scale development projects, and suggest we give greater attention to how the sites of development may reproduce inequalities based in race, class, gender, and global status.
Democracy and the Problem of Civil Disobedience

If Sophocles were alive today to recast the dilemma of Antigone in contemporary, if less sanguine, terms, he might well seize on the problem of the citizen who refuses to answer questions put to him by a congressional investigating committee. Antigone, you will recall, was torn between two loyalties. Her religion commanded her to bury the body of her brother, while her state commanded that his body be left, unburied and unmourned, to be eaten by dogs and vultures on the open plain outside the city walls. As a loyal citizen, Antigone was required to yield her conscience to the state, to guide her conduct not by her rational moral knowledge but by the precepts of the law. As a person bound to her kin by the dictates of her religion, she was required to subordinate the instructions of Creon the king to those of her faith. She chose to obey her conscience and paid the penalty. Socrates, who—according to a traditional interpretation of the Crito—would doubtless have counseled otherwise, was also executed by the state. Thoreau, who at a critical moment followed what has scornfully been termed “the primitive attitude of Antigone, rather than the mature comprehension of Socrates,” found that refusal to obey a law resulted not in loss of life but in temporary loss of physical freedom.
THE EGGS AND OVIPOSITION SITES OF HYALIODES VITRIPENNIS ON APPLE TREES (MIRIDAE: HEMIPTERA)

During 1967 Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) proved to be an important predator of Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch in an experimental orchard. The eggs of this predator, described herein, are destinctive for the species. Observations on oviposition sites for the overwintering eggs are also included.
Correction to “Higher Order PDEs and Symmetric Stable Processes,” Probability Theory and Related Fields 129, 495–536 (2004)

since 0 → ∞ as M → ∞. But there is a hidden dependence on M in the β ’s and one-dimensional examples show (1.1) is false. This was pointed out to us by the anonymous referee of the article [2]. In fact, the conclusion of Theorem 1.5 is false, as one can show via a one-dimensional counterexample. The only place in we used Theorem 1.5 in the paper was in the proof of Theorem 1.3. We outline a corrected proof of Theorem 1.3 that does not appeal to Theorem 1.5.
Ossified soft tissue leiomyoma in a patient with sickle cell anemia

Osseous metaplasia in leiomyomas is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of an ossified subcutaneous leiomyoma in a 34-year-old African American man with sickle cell thalassemia who presented with a painful nodule of the scapular region, which appeared as a heavily mineralized soft tissue mass on chest radiographs. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of the resected nodule revealed a benign soft tissue leiomyoma composed of intersecting fascicles of spindle cells that strongly expressed smooth muscle actin and caldesmon. Extensive intratumoral calcification and ossification were noticed. Only eight cases of ossified leiomyoma have been reported, of which two arose in the deep soft tissue.
One-step, non-denaturing isolation of an RNA polymerase enzyme complex using an improved multi-use affinity probe resin

The rapid isolation of protein complexes is critical to the goal of establishing protein interaction networks. High-throughput methods for identifying protein binding partners in a way suitable for mass spectrometric identification and structural analysis are required and small molecule/peptide interactions provide the key. We have now shown that a redesigned resin derivatized with a bisarsenical dye can be used to isolate the Shewanella oneidensis RNA polymerase core enzyme with a tetracysteine-tagged RNA polymerase A as bait protein. A critical advantage of this method is the ability to release the intact complex using a mild, one-step procedure with a competing dithiol. In addition to the identification of the core complex, additional interaction partners, including universal stress protein, were identified. These results provide a path forward to identifying how changes in critical protein complexes over time modulate cell function.
The center and range of the probability interval as factors affecting ambiguity preferences

Abstract Ambiguous decision situations are characterized as having probabilities that are uncertain. The uncertainty is due to the common, real-world deficiency of information about the process by which the outcomes are determined. Thirty lotteries having uncertain probabilities were constructed by varying the centers and the ranges of the intervals within which the imprecise probabilities of winning could lie. Pairs of the lotteries were presented as choice alternatives to subjects, with each pair having lotteries with the same interval center but differing interval ranges. Ambiguity avoidance, the selection of the less ambiguous option, was found to increase with the interval center C , with ambiguity indifference occurring for values of C ⩽ 0.40. No evidence of ambiguity seeking as the prevalent behavior was obtained. Ambiguity avoidance did not significantly increase with the interval range R , but an interaction effect between C and the ranges R 1 and R 2 of the choice pair was obtained. This effect of the ranges could not be described simply by knowledge of the difference R 1 − R 2 ; knowledge of both individual values was necessary. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
A portable tsunami recorder

A compact self-contained long-period wave recorder has been developed for remote operation on small islands where the influence of continental land masses is minimized. The instrument can be installed in two or three days, requires no electric power, and needs only weekly attention. It can detect waves less than one cm high at its period of maximum response (1000 sec), and it attenuates both swell and tides to about three per cent of their relative amplitudes.
On infostation density of vehicular networks

Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Roadside communications are going to become an indispensable part of the modern day automotive experience. For people on the move, vehicular networks can provide critical network connectivity and access to real-time information. Infostations play a vital role in these networks by acting as gateways to the Internet and by extending network connectivity. In this context, an important question is “What is the minimum number of infostations that need to be deployed in an area in order to support vehicular applications?” Optimizing infostation density is vital to understanding and reducing the cost of deployment and management. In this paper, we examine the required infostation density in a highway scenario using different data dissemination models. We start from a simple analysis that captures the required density under idealized assumptions. We then run detailed QualNet simulations on both controlled and realistic vehicular traces to observe the information density trends in practical environments, and consequently propose techniques to improve dissemination performance and reduce the required infostation density.
A CFD Study to Analyze the Aerodynamic Torque, Lift, and Drag Forces for a Butterfly Valve in the Mid-Stroke Position

The ability to accurately predict the aerodynamic torque and lift and drag forces on a two-dimensional model of a 0.18 aspect ratio biconvex circular-arc disc operating in a compressible flow using Fluent 6.0 was investigated. Grid-convergence and time-convergence/stability were analyzed first, followed by a qualitative study of the Spalart-Allmaras, k-e, and k-ω turbulence models with their enhancement features and model variants. Fluent was used to predict the pressure profile on the disc surface for disc positions 30°, 45°, and 60° (where 0° is the fully closed position), and over a range of pressure ratios. The pressure ratios were selected to determine the capability of Fluent to accurately predict the flow field and resulting torque in flows ranging from nearly incompressible to highly compressible. Fluent predictions for the pressure profiles on the disc were compared to test data so that the lift and drag forces and aerodynamic torque could be determined responsibly. Acceptable comparisons were noted.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A river running west: reflections on John Wesley Powell

The American scientist, explorer, and conservationist John Wesley Powell (1834–1901) represents, in many ways, a counter to 19th-century imperialism in the arid West: an approach to westward expansion that was more sensitive to failure and more eager to see the West secured in the hands of a self-organized agrarian community. Toward that end he sponsored a mapping project to show how settlement might be based on watershed alignments and conserve the vital resources of the region. That projects is still relevant to nations that are trying to understand how to govern their relations with the natural environment.
Complexity and Error Propagation of Localization Using Interferometric Ranging

An interferometric ranging technique has been recently proposed as a possible way to localize ad hoc and sensor networks. Compared to the more common techniques such as received signal strength, time of arrival, and angle of arrival ranging, interferometric ranging has the advantage that the measurement could be highly precise. However, localization using interferometric ranging is difficult as it requires a large number of measurement readings. In this paper, we provide a formal proof of this difficulty in terms of algorithmic complexity. Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithm that calculates node locations from a set of seeding anchors, gradually building a more global localization solution. Compared to previous localization algorithms, which treat localization as a global optimization problem, the iterative algorithm is a distributed algorithm that is simple to implement in larger networks. More importantly, the iterative algorithm allows us to study the error propagation behavior of localization using interferometric ranging. Using simulations, we validate the performance of the iterative algorithm in terms of localization error and coverage.
Objective Evaluation of Soil Release in Fabrics

Soil release is an important attribute of fabrics that impacts their pricing on the marketplace. Currently, stain release is evaluated manually and hence its assessment tends to be subjective. This paper introduces a novel approach based on image analysis for objective evaluation of stain release in fabrics. This system has the capability to accurately detect, localize and grade stains with minimal human intervention. The grades assigned by the system are based on a digitized version of the AATCC soil release replica. The stain detection performance of the system was validated on a large dataset of 360 stain images. The system produced excellent results with a sensitivity (true positive rate) of around 93 percent and specificity (1 — false positive rate) of around 95 percent. Further, a correlation study and analysis of variance were performed using the system assigned grades and the technician assigned grades, and these initial results are very promising.
Farming in space: environmental and biophysical concerns

The colonization of space will depend on our ability to routinely provide for the metabolic needs (oxygen, water, and food) of a crew with minimal re-supply from Earth. On Earth, these functions are facilitated by the cultivation of plant crops, thus it is important to develop plant-based food production systems to sustain the presence of mankind in space. Farming practices on earth have evolved for thousands of years to meet both the demands of an ever-increasing population and the availability of scarce resources, and now these practices must adapt to accommodate the effects of global warming. Similar challenges are expected when earth-based agricultural practices are adapted for space-based agriculture. A key variable in space is gravity; planets (e.g. Mars, 1/3 g) and moons (e.g. Earth's moon, 1/6 g) differ from spacecraft orbiting the Earth (e.g. Space stations) or orbital transfer vehicles that are subject to microgravity. The movement of heat, water vapor, CO2 and O2 between plant surfaces and their environment is also affected by gravity. In microgravity, these processes may also be affected by reduced mass transport and thicker boundary layers around plant organs caused by the absence of buoyancy dependent convective transport. Future space farmers will have to adapt their practices to accommodate microgravity, high and low extremes in ambient temperatures, reduced atmospheric pressures, atmospheres containing high volatile organic carbon contents, and elevated to super-elevated CO2 concentrations. Farming in space must also be carried out within power-, volume-, and mass-limited life support systems and must share resources with manned crews. Improved lighting and sensor technologies will have to be developed and tested for use in space. These developments should also help make crop production in terrestrial controlled environments (plant growth chambers and greenhouses) more efficient and, therefore, make these alternative agricultural systems more economically feasible food production systems.
The Time Has Come to Create Meaning-Making Centers on College Campuses.

Robert J. Nash and Jennifer J. J. Jang argue that students have a great need to find a “meaning to live for,” a la Victor Frankl, and make a case for creating a space for students and educators to contextualize learning experiences dealing with the universal, existential questions of life.
Overexpression of SnoN/SkiL, amplified at the 3q26.2 locus, in ovarian cancers: A role in ovarian pathogenesis

Abstract High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 235 serous epithelial ovarian cancers demonstrated a regional increase at 3q26.2 encompassing SnoN/SkiL, a coregulator of SMAD/TGFβ signaling. SnoN RNA transcripts were elevated in ∼80% of advanced stage serous epithelial ovarian cancers. In both immortalized normal (TIOSE) and ovarian carcinoma cell lines (OVCA), SnoN RNA levels were increased by TGFβ stimulation and altered by LY294002 and JNK II inhibitor treatment suggesting that the PI3K and JNK signaling pathways may regulate TGFβ-induced increases in SnoN RNA. In TIOSE, SnoN protein levels were reduced 15 min post TGFβ-stimulation, likely by proteosome-mediated degradation. In contrast, in OVCA, SnoN levels were elevated 3 h post-stimulation potentially as a result of inhibition of the proteosome. To elucidate the role of SnoN in ovarian tumorigenesis, we explored the effects of both increasing and decreasing SnoN levels. In both TIOSE and OVCA, SnoN siRNA decreased cell growth between 20 and 50% concurrent with increased p21 levels. In TIOSE, transient expression of SnoN repressed TGFβ induction of PAI-1 promoters with little effect on the p21 promoter or resultant cell growth. In contrast to the effects of transient expression, stable expression of SnoN in TIOSE led to growth arrest through induction of senescence. Collectively, these results implicate SnoN levels in multiple roles during ovarian carcinogenesis: promoting cellular proliferation in ovarian cancer cells and as a positive mediator of cell cycle arrest and senescence in non-transformed ovarian epithelial cells.
Alpine Soil Parent Materials and Pedogenesis in the Presidential Range of New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Abstract Previous work has explored the contribution of bedrock weathering to soil formation in alpine environments of the northeastern United States. In contrast, the role of surficial sediments as a parent material has received little attention. This study investigated the development of alpine soils in relation to surficial sediments and bedrock in part of the Presidential Range of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Published mapping of the study area indicates that five contrasting bedrock units are thinly mantled by glacial sediment, providing the opportunity to evaluate the relative importance of these two potential soil parent materials. Samples collected from 25 pedons were analyzed for a variety of physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Soil profiles have distinct Oa, A, Bw, and BC horizons. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of chlorite in soils above all bedrock formations, despite the absence of this mineral in several bedrock types. Trace element concentrations...
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Activation in the Ventral Tegmental Area Decreases the Reinforcing Efficacy of Cocaine

Cocaine addiction continues to be a significant public health problem for which there are currently no effective FDA-approved treatments. Thus, there is a clear need to identify and develop novel pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction. Recent evidence indicates that activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) reduces intake of highly palatable food. As the neural circuits and neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug taking overlap to some degree with those regulating food intake, these findings suggest that activation of central GLP-1 receptors may also attenuate cocaine taking. Here, we show that intra-VTA administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (0.05 μg) significantly reduced cocaine, but not sucrose, self-administration in rats. We also demonstrate that cocaine taking is associated with elevated plasma corticosterone levels and that systemic infusion of cocaine activates GLP-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a hindbrain nucleus that projects monosynaptically to the VTA. To determine the potential mechanisms by which cocaine activates NTS GLP-1-expressing neurons, we microinjected corticosterone (0.5 μg) directly into the hindbrain fourth ventricle. Intraventricular corticosterone attenuated cocaine self-administration and this effect was blocked in animals pretreated with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9–39) (10 μg) in the VTA. Finally, AAV-shRNA-mediated knockdown of VTA GLP-1 receptors was sufficient to augment cocaine self-administration. Taken together, these findings indicate that increased activation of NTS GLP-1-expressing neurons by corticosterone may represent a homeostatic response to cocaine taking, thereby reducing the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine. Therefore, central GLP-1 receptors may represent a novel target for cocaine addiction pharmacotherapies.
Seborrheic Keratoses: The Rodney Dangerfield of Skin lesions, and Why They Should Get Our Respect

Neel et al. have demonstrated that seborrheic keratosis, the most common of all skin tumors, is dependent on acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8 in rodent T-cell lymphoma signaling. The authors found that these lesions are hypersensitive to Akt inhibitors which bind to the ATP binding site of Akt. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is resistant to Akt inhibitors. The implications of this study are not limited to seborrheic keratosis. The presence of wild type p53 (seborrheic keratosis) or mutant p53 (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma) appears to dictate whether a lesion is sensitive to Akt inhibition or not.
Olanzapine-Induced Depression

Objective:To report apathetic and hypoactive depression caused by olanzapine.Case Summary:A 29-year-old white man and a 29-year-old white woman developed apathy, hypoactivity, blunted affect, depre...
Three New Fungi

Ascomata magna, inferne per stipitem et contextam mycelialem curtam robustamque, truncato obconicam affixa, peridio maturitate proprio nullo vestita, interne labyrinthiformi-cavernosa; cameris numerosis cavis, clausis, forma magnitudineque irregularibus, earum parietibus hymenio vestitis; ascis elongatis, cylindraceis, octosporis, paraphysibus intermixtis; paraphysibus moderate robustis, ascos distincte superantibus, earum partibus exsertis flexis; sporis non septatis, oblongis, leviter ruguloso-reticulatis.
Abstract B38: Developing a functional genomics platform to interrogate rare pediatric cancers

Of pediatric solid tumors, as many as 10% of tumors are categorized as rare. Many of these rare tumors lack standard effective known therapy. The ability to identify vulnerabilities for many rare tumors has been significantly limited by the lack of in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, current approaches to study such vulnerabilities are usually limited to a specific compound or target. Our objectives were 1) to develop a platform to collect tumor samples and generate in vitro models and 2) to develop systematic and orthogonal approaches focused on currently known druggable cancer targets to identify vulnerabilities in these difficult to treat cancers. We have developed a proof of concept cell line from a patient who succumbed to progressive undifferentiated sarcoma treated on an aggressive multi-therapy regimen. This cell line, in its early passages, has novel gene fusions that match that of the primary tumor. Furthermore, even at early passages, this cell line was amenable to high throughput functional screens. Using a targeted pooled shRNA screen (employing matched seed controls) and an analogous CRISPR screen we identified dependencies to XPO1 and CDK4. In parallel, compounds against these targets were identified in a small molecule compound screen. These targetable dependencies were further validated in vivo with a micro-dosing device. These observations identify new targets in this rare malignancy. Furthermore, this suggests that the interrogation of patient derived cell lines facilitates the identification of testable therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Andrew L. Hong, Glenn S. Cowley, Yuen-Yi Tseng, Jaime H. Cheah, Oliver Jonas, Mihir B. Doshi, Bryan D. Kynnap, Coyin Oh, Stephanie Meyer, Paul Clemons, Michael Burger, Francisca Vazquez, Barbara Weir, Gregory V. Kryukov, Alanna Church, Alma Imamovic, Aviad Tsherniak, Craig Bielski, Brian Crompton, Elizabeth Mullen, Charles Roberts, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Katherine A. Janeway, Kimberly Stegmaier, Paul van Hummelen, Robert Langer, Levi A. Garraway, Stuart L. Schreiber, David E. Root, Jesse S. Boehm, William C. Hahn. Developing a functional genomics platform to interrogate rare pediatric cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
Study on the Function and Limitations of P.E.in the Education for Students'Health

The"health-oriented"guiding ideology should be set up in school physical education.With the further de- velopment of the reform of education system and education for quality,students' health is increasingly concerned by the whole society.Especially in recent years,it has been pointed out by reports that the status of students' physique is not really satisfactory.The thesis expatiates on the function and limitations in the education for students' health,through the analysis of data attained from investigation.Some opinions and suggestions are put forward in order to improve the educa- tion on health in school.
Reconstitution of Factor-Dependent, Promoter Proximal Pausing in Drosophila Nuclear Extracts

Genomic analyses reveal that RNA polymerase II initiates transcription but pauses shortly downstream on thousands of promoters in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Here, we describe the reconstitution of this promoter proximal pausing in nuclear extracts from Drosophila embryos. This approach is useful for dissecting the role(s) of transcription factors in promoter proximal pausing. Most of our studies employ the hsp70 heat shock gene promoter; however, this technique has successfully reconstituted RNA polymerase II pausing downstream of several other Drosophila promoters. A pulse/chase method is employed to restrict incorporation of radiolabel to the 5' portion of the RNA such that the specific activity of most transcripts are nearly identical and the intensity of radioactive RNA bands detected on gels reflects the molar ratios and quantities of each RNA product, regardless of length. The radiolabeled RNAs are isolated by hybridization to a biotinylated oligonucleotide and captured on magnetic beads. We also describe the use of antibodies to investigate mechanistic aspects of promoter proximal pausing.
Corporate Governance and the Firm's Workforce

This paper uses matched employer-employee data to study the effects of corporate governance on the earnings and composition of the firm's workforce. Stronger corporate governance is measured using the passage of shareholder-sponsored proposals to declassify the board of directors. Following vote passage, employee earnings decrease by 12% on average, directionally consistent with previous research. However, this is driven by the changing composition of the workforce and there is no significant change in individual employee wages. This evidence suggests that stronger corporate governance leads to real changes in the types of employees selected and retained by the firm.
Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

1. Review the variable clinical presentation of men with CHH 2. Summarize what is known about the gene defects causing CHH 3. Understand treatment options for gonadotropin-deficient men
Compositional terranes on Mercury: Information from fast neutrons

Abstract We report measurements of the flux of fast neutrons at Mercury from 20oS to the north pole. On the basis of neutron transport simulations and remotely sensed elemental compositions, cosmic-ray-induced fast neutrons are shown to provide a measure of average atomic mass, A >, a result consistent with earlier studies of the Moon and Vesta. The dynamic range of fast neutron flux at Mercury is 3%, which is smaller than the fast-neutron dynamic ranges of 30% and 6% at the Moon and Vesta, respectively. Fast-neutron data delineate compositional terranes on Mercury that are complementary to those identified with X-ray, gamma-ray, and slow-neutron data. Fast neutron measurements confirm the presence of a region with high A >, relative to the mean for the planet, that coincides with the previously identified high-Mg region and reveal the existence of at least two additional compositional terranes: a low- A > region within the northern smooth plains and a high- A > region near the equator centered near 90oE longitude. Comparison of the fast-neutron map with elemental composition maps show that variations predicted from the combined element maps are not consistent with the measured variations in fast-neutron flux. This lack of consistency could be due to incomplete coverage for some elements or uncertainties in the interpretations of compositional and neutron data. Currently available data and analyses do not provide sufficient constraints to resolve these differences.
Perceived Exertion: An Active or Passive Process?

Subjective estimates of physical work intensity are considered of major importance to those concerned with prescription of exercise. This article reviews major theoretical models which might guide research on the antecedents for ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). It is argued that an active rather than passive view of perception is warranted in future research, and a parallel-processing model is emphasized as providing the needed structure for such reconceptualization. Moreover, existing exercise research is reviewed as support for this latter approach and several suggestions are offered with regard to needed empirical study.
Surgical Treatment: Outlet Reduction, Men and Women

The International Continence Society (ICS) defines detrusor underactivity (DU) as “a contraction of reduced strength and/or duration, resulting in prolonged bladder emptying and/or failure to achieve complete bladder emptying within normal time span”. Currently there are no effective pharmacological therapies to increase the contractility of the bladder and so men are not infrequently offered outlet-reducing surgery as an alternative strategy to facilitate bladder emptying. Surgical outlet reduction is associated with highly variable outcomes in patients with DU and there is a lack of data on which urodynamic factors, if any, predict surgical outcome. In this chapter we analyze the role of outlet reduction surgery in both men and women with underlying DU and the outcomes from the available studies in the literature.
Enzyme Complexes Important for the Glutamate–Glutamine Cycle

Transient multienzyme and/or multiprotein complexes (metabolons) direct substrates toward specific pathways and can significantly influence the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in the brain. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in brain. This neurotransmitter has essential roles in normal brain function including learning and memory. Metabolism of glutamate involves the coordinated activity of astrocytes and neurons and high affinity transporter proteins that are selectively distributed on these cells. This chapter describes known and possible metabolons that affect the metabolism of glutamate and related compounds in the brain, as well as some factors that can modulate the association and dissociation of such complexes, including protein modifications by acylation reactions (e.g., acetylation, palmitoylation, succinylation, SUMOylation, etc.) of specific residues. Development of strategies to modulate transient multienzyme and/or enzyme–protein interactions may represent a novel and promising therapeutic approach for treatment of diseases involving dysregulation of glutamate metabolism.
Choosing the Dimension of Reconstructed Phase Space

We wish to determine the integer global dimension where we have the necessary number of coordinates to unfold observed orbits from self overlaps arising from projection of the attractor to a lower dimensional space. For this we go into the data set and ask when the unwanted overlaps occur. The lowest dimension which unfolds the attractor so that none of these overlaps remains is called the embedding dimension d E . d E is an integer. If we measure two quantities s A (n) and s B (n) from the same system, there is no guarantee that the global dimension d E for from each of these is the same. Each measurement along with its timelags provides a different nonlinear combination of the original dynamical variables and can provide a different global nonlinear mapping of the true space x(n) into a reconstructed space of dimension d E where smoothness and uniqueness of the trajectories is preserved. Recall that d E is a global dimension and may well be different from the local dimension of the underlying dynamics.