cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of SpcU, a Chaperone Required for Efficient Secretion of the ExoU Cytotoxin

In recent studies, we have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are acutely cytotoxic in vitro damage the lung epithelium in vivo. Genetic analysis indicated that the factor responsible for acute cytotoxicity was controlled by ExsA and therefore was part of the exoenzyme S regulon. The specific virulence determinant responsible for epithelial damage in vivo and cytotoxicity in vitro was subsequently mapped to the exoU locus. The present studies are focused on a genetic characterization of the exoU locus. Northern blot analyses and complementation experiments indicated that a region downstream of exoU was expressed and that the expression of this region corresponded to increased ExoU secretion. DNA sequence analysis of a region downstream of exoU identified several potential coding regions. One of these open reading frames, SpcU (specific Pseudomonas chaperone for ExoU), encoded a small 15-kDa acidic protein (137 amino acids [pI 4.4]) that possessed a leucine-rich motif associated with the Syc family of cytosolic chaperones for the Yersinia Yops. T7 expression analysis and nickel chromatography of histidine-tagged proteins indicated that ExoU and SpcU associated as a noncovalent complex when coexpressed in Escherichia coli. The association of ExoU and SpcU required amino acids 3 to 123 of ExoU. In P. aeruginosa, ExoU and SpcU are coordinately expressed as an operon that is controlled at the transcriptional level by ExsA.
Development of the Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales.

To describe the development of the Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales, measures of health, illness, well-being, and achievement among youth in middle childhood and adolescence. The Healthy Pathways Scales were derived from the Child Health and Illness Profile (CHIP) instruments. The CHIP domains of Comfort, Risk Avoidance, Satisfaction, and Resilience were modified to reflect advances in child health conceptualization. Classical test and modern psychometric analyses were conducted using data collected from 1,527 parents of children aged 9–14 years. Intra-class correlation and differential item functioning analyses were used to evaluate the extent of child–parent agreement on the Healthy Pathways Scales. After minor revisions, 11 of the 12 scales were found to measure unidimensional parent-assessed outcomes comprehensively (full range of the latent trait) and efficiently (a minimal number of items). Scales were unbiased by age, gender, and geographic location. The construct validity of the scales was supported by their capacity to differentiate children with and without chronic illnesses and to detect expected age and gender differences. Child–parent agreement was poor to moderate at both the scale and item levels. The Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales may be used to reliably, accurately, and efficiently assess unidimensional aspects of health, illness, well-being, and achievement in clinical and population-based research studies involving youth in middle childhood and adolescence.
MATERNITY LEAVE, ROLE QUALITY, WORK INVOLVEMENT, AND MENTAL HEALTH ONE YEAR AFTER DELIVERY

Employment status, maternity leave, and role quality were investigated as predictors of women's mental health one year after delivery. Home-makers and part-time and full-time employees did not diff...
The Influence of Family Form and Stability on Criminal Behavior by Minors

There appears to be a universal correlation between family form, formation, and stability and criminal behavior by minors. This paper reviews the conceptual and empirical literature investigating the evidence of casual connections between families and juvenile delinquency in two respects: (1) the stability of the family (conflict, dysfunction, breakup, etc.); and (2) the form of the family (married, cohabitants, same-sex, etc). The data reviewed are from studies in North America and Western Europe but the conclusions are not connected to a particular nation or society.
Reforming the Armed Camp: Soulcraft in Plato's Laws

The Laws is often read as Plato’s most political work, in which he departs from the imaginative abstractions of the Republic and offers his more sober reflections on the proper political framework for a real city. Against this interpretation, I argue that the Laws, like the Republic, is primarily about soulcraft or character education. As such, we cannot look to the Laws’ city in speech for direct insight into Plato’s practical political reasoning; it functions rather as a heuristic device, much like in the Republic. Through careful attention to the dramatic framing of the dialogue, the Laws emerges not as a vessel for conveying Plato’s blueprint for an actual city, but as a depiction of one man’s attempt to awaken the passion for learning in two old men from what he calls an "armed camp (στρατόπeδον)" — a place that, unlike a city, never enjoys any luxuries like festivals or other forms of leisure but rather is always preparing for war against foreigners (666e). Read in this light, it becomes clear that one of Plato’s central intentions in the dialogue is to convey the importance of cross-cultural engagement. Though the stasis characterizing a regime isolated from the outside world seems to allow for the protection of its good elements, such isolation stifles the spirit of learning and thus detracts from the regime’s goodness. In such cases, it takes the voice of a foreigner to awaken the dormant passion for wisdom. Ultimately, my interpretation of the Laws as offering a dramatic representation of the epistemological benefits of cross-cultural engagement not only challenges traditional readings of the dialogue as Plato’s most political work, but also the commonplace view of Plato as xenophobic.
Hardware-constrained signal processing for mm-Wave LoS MIMO

At high carrier frequencies, spatial multiplexing gains can be obtained even in line of sight (LoS) environments with reasonable node form factors. We investigate design of a LoS MIMO link operating at millimeter (mm) wave frequencies beyond 100 GHz, with 4-fold spatial multiplexing, and bandwidth of 10–20 GHz, with data rates even with relatively small constellations (QPSK) reaching 80–160 Gbps. Even small misalignments lead to frequency selectivity at these bandwidths, and we show that this leads to performance floors for conventional linear space-time equalizers. An alternative approach, which closely couples hardware and signal processing design in utilizing analog delays with subsymbol precision, is shown to eliminate such error floors. By using analog techniques to address frequency selectivity and to perform spatial demultiplexing, this proposed architecture also alleviates the difficulty of analog-to-digital conversion at high sampling rates.
Isolated pituitary cells: CRF-like activity of neurohypophysial and related polypeptides.

SummaryNeurohypophysial and structurally related compounds elicit secretion of ACTH from suspensions of isolated pituitary cells. However, the maximum secretion of ACTH in response to the polypeptides is significantly less than that for an extract of rat hypothalamic median eminence (HME) tissue. When added in combination with appropriate doses of HME extract, argvasopressin inhibits ACTH secretion. These findings suggest that the neurohypophysial polypeptides may be partial agonists of corticotropin secretion.The authors are grateful to Beth Wiblin-Portanova and James Larry Simmons for their technical assistance.
Results analysis on monitoring Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Handan city

Objective To obtain basic data of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Handan,and provide scientific evidence for preventing Japanese encephalitis.Methods Light trap was used to collect mosquito.Results Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant species in the park and hospital in 2009.It amounted to 1 980 pieces,and its percentage was 38.11%.Conclusion The management of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in park is the key.
Analysis on infection status of hepatitis C,syphilis and HIV /AIDS among health examination population,2010-2012

Objective To understand the infection status of hepatitis C,syphilis and HIV / AIDS among health examination population in Qinghai. Methods The antibody of hepatitis C virus,treponema pallidum and HIV in 6 022 health examination people were detected by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)method. Results The positive rate of HCV,ELISA and HIV syphilis was 0. 65%,0. 47%,0. 02%,respectively,and the rate increased with age. Conclusions The infection rate of hepatitis C,syphilis and HIV / AIDS in Qinghai province occupation crowd is increasing year by year,which requires immediate intervention,blocking and reducing the disease spread in occupational population.
Ovarian activity of female ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) exposed to marginal stimuli from males

Although previous studies have indicated that male displays promote ovulation in the female ring dove, it was unknown whether perception of the male’s structural features was an essential prerequisite for the response. In the present study, females were exposed to the shadow of a courting male or to his vocalization alone. Vocalization itself was ineffective in inducing ovulation, but half of the females provided with the additional visual stimulus laid eggs. It is suggested that perception of the feather and color patterns of the male are not essential conditions for the female’s response.
Parasite abundance decreases with host density: evidence of the encounter-dilution effect for a parasite with a complex life cycle

The relationship between host density and parasitism depends on a parasite’s life history. The abundance of a directly transmitted contagious parasite should increase with host density, whereas the abundance of a directly transmitted parasite that seeks its host might decrease due to the encounter-dilution effect. For parasites with complex life cycles, previous studies have found no association between parasite abundance and host density. We tested the relationship between host density and metacercarial abundance of a trematode parasite (Posthodiplostomum minimum) in two species of centrarchid fishes (Lepomis macrochirus and L. auritus) from eight small creeks. We found that host density was negatively associated with parasite abundance. Thus, our study represents the first evidence of the encounter-dilution effect for a parasite with complex life cycle in a natural system. We also report a positive association between total P. minimum population abundance and Lepomis spp. density, indicating that at low host density, cercarial mortality could moderate the encounter-dilution effect.
Power-Aware Maximization of Ergodic Capacity in D2D Underlay Networks

Device-to-device (D2D) underlay networks enable high data rates and low end-to-end delay and improve spectral/energy efficiency and offload cellular traffic. However, D2D communication also results in interference between CUs and D2D terminals, negatively impacting capacity. Is there a critical set of system parameters (density of D2D users (DUs), cellular base stations (BSs), transmit power, etc.) that can ensure that the benefits of D2D underlay operation can outweigh its drawbacks? We seek to address this fundamental question in the context of the tradeoff between ergodic capacity and power consumption. Toward this end, we first quantify the ergodic capacity metric for a realistic network where D2D pairs are spaced randomly and experience Rician fading. Based on a stochastic-geometry-based network model, we derive, for the first time, closed-form results for ergodic capacity of both cellular users (CUs) and DUs. Second, we identify the D2D user density and transmit power that maximizes the ergodic capacity of the network. Specifically, a two-stage scheme is proposed to optimize ergodic capacity while minimizing overall power consumption. The results from this analysis provide a framework to uncover desirable system design parameters that offer the best gains in terms of capacity.
Segmenting the Black Market: Segment Based on Cultural Context

Evidence suggests that most companies encounter difficulties when segmenting the Black Market. An alternative perspective is given for a selection of the basis for segmentation. It is suggested that segmenting based on cultural context will ultimately result in greater precision and effectiveness in market segmentation
Immunochemical quantitation of proteins in single cells. I. Carbon anhydrase B, β-chain hemoglobin and γ-chain hemoglobin in some normal and abnormal erythrocytes.

An immunochemical method for the quantitative determination of specific soluble proteins in individual erythrocytes has been described. Application of the method revealed: 1. From 0.5 to 0.9 per cent of the normal adult erythrocytes studied contained small amounts of γ-chains, from 2.5 to 12.5 µµg. as hemoglobin per cell. 2. In cord blood of normal infants of 38 weeks’ gestation, significant numbers of erythrocytes were found which contained either γ-chains or β-chains or both, independently of carbonic anhydrase B. 3. Once initiated within a given erythrocyte, β-chain synthesis in that cell rapidly approached adult rates. Derepression of carbonic anhydrase B synthesis was independent of derepression of hemoglobin synthesis, and in fetal cells which contained carbonic anhydrase B the amount found was well below that of most adult erythrocytes. 4. In 4 patients homozygous for hemoglobin S and in 2 persons heterozygous for thalassemia, an increase in F hemoglobin was associated with an increase in γ-chain content of individual erythrocytes as well as an increase in the number of erythrocytes containing γ-chains; in 2 patients homozygous for thalassemia, an unusual distribution of cells with increased γ-chain content was observed.
Design of Tunable Ultrasonic Receivers for Efficient Powering of Implantable Medical Devices With Reconfigurable Power Loads

Miniaturized ultrasonic receivers are designed for efficient powering of implantable medical devices with reconfigurable power loads. Design parameters that affect the efficiency of these receivers under highly variable load conditions, including piezoelectric material, geometry, and operation frequency, are investigated. Measurements were performed to characterize electrical impedance and acoustic-to-electrical efficiency of ultrasonic receivers for off-resonance operation. Finally, we propose, analyze, and demonstrate adaptive matching and frequency tuning techniques using two different reconfigurable matching networks for typical implant loads from 10 $\mu \text{W}$ to 1 mW. Both simulations and measurements show a significant increase in total implant efficiency (up to 50 percentage points) over this load power range when operating off-resonance with the proposed matching networks.
Dealing with data conflicts in statistical inference of population assessment models that integrate information from multiple diverse data sets

Abstract Contemporary fisheries stock assessments often use multiple diverse data sets to extract as much information as possible about biological and fishery processes. However, models are, by definition, simplifications of reality and, therefore, misspecified. Model misspecification can cause degradation of results when multiple data sets are analyzed simultaneously. The process, observation, and sampling components of the model must all be, at least, approximately correct to minimize bias. Unfortunately, even the basic processes that are usually considered well understood (e.g., growth and selectivity) are misspecified in most, if not all, stock assessments. These misspecified processes, in combination with use of composition data, result in biased estimates of absolute abundance and abundance trends, which are often evident as “data conflicts.” This is compounded by over-weighting of composition data in many assessments owing to misuse of data-weighting approaches. The ‘law of conflicting data’ states that since data are facts, conflicting data implies model misspecification, but must be interpreted in the context of random sampling error. Down-weighting (or dropping) conflicting data is not necessarily appropriate because it may not resolve the model misspecification. Model misspecification and process variation can be accounted for in the variance parameters of the likelihoods (sampling error), but it is unclear when, or even if, this is appropriate. The appropriate method to deal with data conflicts depends on whether it is caused by random sampling error, process variation, observation model misspecification, or misspecification of the system (dynamics) model. Diagnostic approaches are urgently needed to evaluate goodness of fit and to identify model misspecification. We recommend external estimation of the sampling error variance in likelihood functions, modelling process variation in integrated models, and internal estimation of the standard deviation of the process variation. The required statistical framework is computationally intensive, but practical approximations are available, computational algorithms are being improved, and computer power is increasing. We provide a framework for model development that identifies and corrects model misspecification and illustrate the framework, using simulated data.
Pooled RCTs: In sepsis, continuous (vs intermittent) antibiotic infusion reduced hospital mortality

Source Citation Roberts JA, Abdul-Aziz MH, Davis JS, et al. Continuous versus intermittent β-lactam infusion in severe sepsis. A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials. Am ...
An Important Step for Thrombocardiology

It has been known for more than a century that coronary-artery thrombosis is the most common precipitant of acute myocardial infarction and that atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries are often responsible for angina pectoris. When anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents became available, clinical investigators rushed to study their efficacy and safety in patients with coronary artery disease. Attention was focused on two large populations — patients with acute coronary syndromes and those with stable ischemic disease, many of whom had previously had an acute event. Hundreds of trials, registries, and systematic analyses on the benefits and risks of individual and . . .
Staging Authenticity: Joachim, Brahms, and the Politics of Werktreue Performance

Abstract Joseph Joachim, Johannes Brahms, and other members of their circle were important figures in the ascendancy of the Werktreue paradigm of performance in the second half of the nineteenth century. This article explores the ways in which their approach to Werktreue intersected with a broader ideal of “authentic” subjectivity. An authentic performer, according to this ideal, would be true to himself or herself, absorbed in the music, oblivious of the audience, and restrained in gestures and overall expressivity. I examine how these musicians performed authenticity in different types of self-representation, including autobiographical writings, portraits, and musical performances. Furthermore, I explore the connection between the subjectivity modeled in their performances and the aesthetic ideology of nonprogrammatic instrumental music. Concerns about authenticity played an important role in the struggle over the ownership of the Austro-German musical tradition; debates about which performers were “authentic” often hinged on the question of who could claim the cultural and spiritual aptitude necessary to inhabit the thoughts of master composers. In this context, the performative strategies associated with authenticity also evoked social codes associated with gender, nationality, and race during a period in which participation in Germanic culture was being conceived of in increasingly exclusive terms.
Specific Factors Influencing Planarian Behavior

Let me begin by stating what I believe to be a terribly important rule of experimental psychology: In at least 90 % of the studies published in psychological journals, the most important factors influencing the animals’ behavior were those factors the investigators did not measure, did not control, did not mention in their written reports, and probably did not even know about. The rest of this paper is an attempt to prove the validity of this particular point with specific reference to the planarian literature, although I shall begin by talking about rats.
Lesion modeling, characterization, and visualization for image-guided cardiac ablation therapy monitoring.

In spite of significant efforts to improve image-guided ablation therapy, a large number of patients undergoing ablation therapy to treat cardiac arrhythmic conditions require repeat procedures. The delivery of insufficient thermal dose is a significant contributor to incomplete tissue ablation, in turn leading to the arrhythmia recurrence. Ongoing research efforts aim to better characterize and visualize RF delivery to monitor the induced tissue damage during therapy. Here, we propose a method that entails modeling and visualization of the lesions in real-time. The described image-based ablation model relies on classical heat transfer principles to estimate tissue temperature in response to the ablation parameters, tissue properties, and duration. The ablation lesion quality, geometry, and overall progression are quantified on a voxel-by-voxel basis according to each voxel’s cumulative temperature and time exposure. The model was evaluated both numerically under different parameter conditions, as well as experimentally, using ex vivo bovine tissue samples undergoing ex vivo clinically relevant ablation protocols. The studies demonstrated less than 5°C difference between the model-predicted and experimentally measured end-ablation temperatures. The model predicted lesion patterns were within 0.5 to 1 mm from the observed lesion patterns, suggesting sufficiently accurate modeling of the ablation lesions. Lastly, our proposed method enables therapy delivery feedback with no significant workflow latency. This study suggests that the proposed technique provides reasonably accurate and sufficiently fast visualizations of the delivered ablation lesions.
Identification of Neuropsychologically Defined Subgroups of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease can only be made in the presence of significant impairments in at least two areas of cognitive function (APA, 1987; McKhann, Drachman, Folstein, Katzman, Price, & Stadlan, 1984), and memory loss is one of the most common symptoms early in dementia. Nevertheless, analyses of groups of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has revealed the existence of subgroups of patients (Martin, 1990). These subgroups are characterized on the basis of the pattern of their neuropsychological deficits such that, for example, some may have pronounced defects in visuospatial functions, others may have focal lexical/semantic impairments, and still others may have profound dysexecutive syndromes; all of these patients nevertheless meet the criteria (Baddeley, Delia Salla, & Spinnler, 1991; Becker, 1988; Martin, Brouwers, Lalonde, Cox, Teleska, Fedio, et al., 1986) for Probable AD. Analysis of the cognitive functions of these patients has revealed important features of their neuropsychological impairments (Martin, Cox, Brouwers, & Fedio, 1985), as well as correlations with cerebral glucose metabolism (Martin, Brouwers, Cox, & Fedio, 1985). Further, follow-up of these patients has revealed differential rates of decline among some of the subgroups (Becker, Bajulaiye, & Smith, 1992).
High-Precision Control of Plasma Drug Levels Using Feedback-Controlled Dosing

By, in effect, rendering pharmacokinetics an experimentally adjustable parameter, the ability to perform feedback-controlled dosing informed by high-frequency in vivo drug measurements would prove a powerful tool for both pharmacological research and clinical practice. Efforts to this end, however, have historically been thwarted by an inability to measure in vivo drug levels in real time and with sufficient convenience and temporal resolution. In response, we describe a closed-loop, feedback-controlled delivery system that uses drug level measurements provided by an in vivo electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor to adjust dosing rates every 7 s. The resulting system supports the maintenance of either constant or predefined time-varying plasma drug concentration profiles in live rats over many hours. For researchers, the resultant high-precision control over drug plasma concentrations provides an unprecedented opportunity to (1) map the relationships between pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes, (2) eliminate inter- and intrasubject metabolic variation as a confounding experimental variable, (3) accurately simulate human pharmacokinetics in animal models, and (4) measure minute-to-minute changes in a drug's pharmacokinetic behavior in response to changing health status, diet, drug-drug interactions, or other intrinsic and external factors. In the clinic, feedback-controlled drug delivery would improve our ability to accurately maintain therapeutic drug levels in the face of large, often unpredictable intra- and interpatient metabolic variation. This, in turn, would improve the efficacy and safety of therapeutic intervention, particularly for the most gravely ill patients, for whom metabolic variability is highest and the margin for therapeutic error is smallest.
Dual-phase CT angiography for presurgical planning in patients with vessel-depleted neck.

BACKGROUND Microvascular reconstruction in vessel-depleted necks is challenging due to limited availability of recipient vessels. We examine the utility of dual-phase CT angiography (CTA), which delineates both arteries and veins, for preoperative planning in such difficult cases. METHODS Retrospective chart review of a single surgeon from July 2013 to July 2017 in a tertiary referral center was performed. Patient characteristics, operative details, and surgical outcomes were examined. RESULTS Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. The operative plan was changed to a local flap for one patient as a result of imaging; free tissue transfer was performed for the remaining cases with 100% flap survival rate. Average operative time and ischemia time were 524 ± 110 minutes and 153 ± 47 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dual-phase CTA can evaluate potential venous and arterial recipient vessel and guide surgical explorations. As such, it may aid in presurgical planning for microvascular free tissue transfer in vessel-depleted necks.
Empirical Identification and Evaluation of Subjective Well-being Factors as Related to Productivity

This preliminary study is a result of an empirical identification and evaluation of subjective well-being factors carried on Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology at University of California Berkeley. In this paper, we focus on measuring the meaning of work related to the wellbeing factors and how it can reflect on the results of work of effectiveness and task productivity. This is an initial attempt at understanding these relationships, and subsequent explorations will include more data than what was available for this effort (n=124). This preliminary study intends to establish a conceptual framework by which to explore the relationship between well-being factors and resultant productivity. Some possible practical implications of this research relate to improvements in the areas of employee satisfaction, talent retention, decreased turnover, and increased productivity. Subsequent efforts will identify the most significant variables from the data set and then use them to create a tool that can be used to measure the impact of well-being features on efficiency and productivity.
Overcoming Barriers for Latinos on Cancer Clinical Trials

Hispanics are greatly underrepresented in the large cancer and genomic databases, and by placing all Latinos into one category, these datasets do not capture the variation in cancer determinants and outcomes that exist among Latino subgroups. Part of the solution is to include more Latinos in research, which requires improving upon the historically low Latino recruitment into cancer clinical trials. Cancer clinical trials must reflect the subpopulation that is being studied in order to capture differences among ethnic groups and to make inferences that are generalizable. There are many challenges involved in enrolling patients into clinical trials and additional barriers that must be overcome to recruit a representative number of Latinos. Recruitment programs from both the Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University and the Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio are excellent models of program designs that enhance Hispanic accrual and address underrepresentation in clinical trials. Recommended steps to improve accrual into clinical trials are to educate physicians to better promote enrollment; build awareness among Hispanics about the role of clinical trials in improving cancer care; enhance care navigation for treatment planning including matching the right patient with the right study; develop language- and culture-appropriate educational materials; and share lessons learned among centers and investigators.
Automated Realistic Testbed Synthesis for Power System Communication Networks based on Graph Metrics

Communication networks are integral to modern power grid operations and are becoming increasingly critical as grid dynamics speed up and as more controls become closed-loop in form. Focusing on the interdependence between the physical grid and the communication system, we identify several key characteristics and typical graph properties based on analysis of a real communication system for a power grid. Moreover, an automated process was provided for synthetic testbed in the NS-3 simulator for the power system test case, and its network characteristics have been further derived for power system monitoring and control applications.
Using Bayesian Optimization to Identify Optimal Exoskeleton Parameters Targeting Propulsion Mechanics: A Simulation Study

In this study, we determined the feasibility of modeling the relationship between robot control parameters and propulsion mechanics as a Gaussian process. Specifically, we used data obtained in a previous experiment that used pulses of torque applied at the hip and knee joint, at early and late stance, to establish the relationship a 3D control parameter space and the resulting changes in hip extension and propulsive impulse. We estimated Gaussian models both at the group level and for each subject. Moreover, we used the estimated subject-specific models to simulate virtual human-in-the-loop optimization (HIL) experiments based on Bayesian optimization to establish their convergence under multiple combinations of acquisition functions and seed point selection methods. Results of the group-level model are in agreement with those obtained with linear mixed effect model, thus establishing the feasibility of Gaussian process modeling. The estimated subject-specific optimal conditions have large between-subject variability in the metric of propulsive impulse, with only 31% of subjects featuring a subject-specific optimal point in the surrounding of the group-level optimal point. Virtual HIL experiments indicate that expected improvement is the most effective acquisition method, while no significant effect of seed point selection method was observed. Our study may have practical effects on the adoption of HIL robot-assisted training methods focused on propulsion.
Performance numbers versus safety numbers for laser hazard evaluations

Laser classification and hazard evaluation require certain laser beam parameters to perform the required measurements and calculations. When parameters are provided to one performing a laser safety evaluation, the evaluator is often given from the manufacturer’s specifications which are based on performance of a laser or laser system. While the performance numbers are not incorrect, they often are not what a laser safety evaluator really needs to do their measurements or calculations to perform a reasonable, realistic laser hazard evaluation.
A simulation-based optimization approach for the heating process of precision glass molding

We propose a simulation-based approach to quickly determine mold and glass preform geometries to realize the homogeneous heating process of precision glass molding. By the proposed method, a maximum temperature distribution difference within 3℃ could be realized.
Demographic correlates of inflammatory and antiviral gene expression in the study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS).

The present study examined the demographic correlates of gene expression in a sample of adults (n = 543) from the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Inflammatory and antiviral gene sets were operationalized using a priori composite scores and empirically derived co-regulatory gene sets. For both composite scores and co-regulatory gene sets, White/European Americans showed lower while Black/African Americans showed higher expression of genes involved in interferon responses and antibody synthesis. The effects of chronological age on gene expression varied by sex, such that pro-inflammatory gene expression increased with age more rapidly for females than males. The difference between the average expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes also increased with age for females but not males. Results shed light on differential gene expression as a potential physiological correlate for race/ethnicity, age, and sex-related health disparities in adulthood.
Epigenetics and neuropsychiatric diseases: introduction and meeting summary

This volume is an outgrowth of a symposium entitled "Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Mechanisms Mediating Nature and Nurture" presented at the 88th Annual Conference of the Association for Nervous and Mental Diseases, held on December 5, 2008 at the New York Academy of Medicine. Dolores Malaspina (New York University Medical Center) and Mark F. Mehler (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) organized the symposium as two sessions, "Epigenetics and Brain Behavior Relationships" and "Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Diseases." The symposium brought together basic and translational neuroscientists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neuropsycho-pharmacologists, and other allied biomedical professionals to establish an enduring dialogue and collaborative interactions concerning epigenetics and epigenomic medicine as a "new science" of brain and behavior relationships. This new discipline has begun to revolutionize our understanding of nervous system development in many specific areas, including neural stem cell biology, fate decisions, and cell diversity and connectivity; learning and memory; neuronal and neural network homeostasis; plasticity and stress responses; the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases and novel therapeutic interventions involving dynamic cellular reprogramming; reorganization of synaptic and neural network connections; and remodeling of the brain parenchyma and its systemic connections to promote restoration of higher-order cognitive, behavioral, and sensorimotor functions.
Marginal Zone Lymphomas

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of small B-cell lymphomas, characterized by a predominance of tumor cells with a phenotype, homing pattern, and occasionally the appearance of the nonneoplastic marginal zone B cells that surround germinal centers and populate the white pulp of the spleen. Covered in this chapter are extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). Although the different subtypes of MZL share histologic and immunophenotypic features, they have divergent etiologies, molecular genetics, and clinical presentations. The pathogeneses of NMZL and SMZL are not yet clearly understood. The relationship of SMZL to hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-variant (HCL-v) is also discussed.
A comparative electron microscopic study on developing nuclei of various animals

In so far as the sperm nucleus carries genetic material, it would be of interest to know what changes in submicroscopic organization of chromosomes are associated with metamorphosis of the spermatid. Recent advances in electron microscopy have revealed a surprising variety of changing structural arrangements within the spermatid nuclei of various animals at different stages of maturation (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15). The present report deals with a comparative electron microscopic study on such developing spermatid nuclei as the grasshopper Gelastorrhinus bicoler de Haan, the pond snail Cipangopaludina malleata and the crab Eriocheir japonicus.
Myogenic and proteolytic mRNA expression following blood flow restricted exercise.

Aim: Resistance exercise performed at low loads (20–30% of maximal strength) with blood flow restriction (BFR) acutely increases protein synthesis and induces hypertrophy when performed chronically. We investigated myogenic and proteolytic mRNA expression 8 h following an acute bout of knee extension exercise. Methods: Fifteen subjects (22.8 ± 3.7 years, eight men and seven women) were randomized to two exercise conditions: BFR or control exercise. All participants performed four sets of exercise (30, 15, 15 and 15 repetitions) at 20% of maximal strength. Persons in the BFR group had a cuff placed on the upper thigh inflated to 1.5 times brachial systolic blood pressure (cuff pressure range: 135–186 mmHg). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were excised 24 h before and 8 h following the exercise. Results: RT-PCR analysis demonstrated no change in myogenic gene expression (insulin-like growth factor-1, MyoD, myogenin, myostatin – a negative regulator) with either exercise condition (P > 0.123). However, BFR exercise downregulated mRNA expression in transcripts associated with proteolytic pathways (FOXO3A, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1) with no change in the control exercise condition. Specifically, median mRNA expression of FOXO3A decreased by 1.92-fold (P = 0.01), Atrogin-1 by 2.10-fold (P = 0.01) and MuRF-1 by 2.44-fold (P = 0.01). Conclusion: These data are consistent with the downregulation of proteolytic transcripts observed following high-load resistance exercise. In summary, myogenic genes are unchanged and proteolytic genes associated with muscle remodelling are reduced 8 h following low-load BFR exercise.
Growth and histopathology of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma implanted intraorally in nude mice.

A human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from the floor of the mouth (FOM) was implanted by a needle aspiration technique in the FOM site of athymic nude mice. Mice were killed at 3-week intervals, an...
Ginzburg-landau impurity terms for unconventional superconductors

the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity provides expressions for the free energy and the supercurrent in terms of a spatially varying order parameter. In the presence of a single impurity, these expressions and the differential equation for the order parameter are supplemented by additional terms. We compute these extra terms using microscopic theory. Our calculation is very general, covering any k-dependent order parameter Δ(k) which transforms according to a one-dimensional irreducible representation of the crystalline point group.
Noninvasive optical method of measuring tissue and arterial saturation: an application to absolute pulse oximetry of the brain.

Received February 16, 1999 We present a frequency-domain optical method for real-time noninvasive measurement of absolute tissue and arterial saturation. This method is based on quantitative measurement of the tissue absorption spectrum (for tissue saturation) and of the amplitude of the arterial-pulsation-induced absorption oscillations (for arterial saturation) at eight wavelengths in the range 633 ‐ 841 nm. We report results obtained from readings taken from the forehead of a healthy volunteer, showing baseline saturation values of 74.7 6 0.2% (tissue) and 96.9 6 0.5% (arterial). These values dropped to minimum values of 71.6 6 0.2% and 90.0 6 0.2%, respectively, after 1 min of reduced inspired oxygen concentration [10% (by volume) O2 from a baseline value of 21% O2]. © 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 000.1430, 170.3890, 170.5280, 170.6510, 170.5270.
Overview of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers: a US perspective

Comprehensive care of chronic venous insufficiency and associated ulcers requires a multipronged and interprofessional approach to care. A comprehensive treatment approach includes exercise, nutritional assessment, compression therapy, vascular reconstruction, and advanced treatment modalities. National guidelines, meta-analyses, and original research studies provide evidence for the inclusion of these approaches in the patient plan of care. The purpose of this paper is to review present guidelines for prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers as followed in the US. The paper further explores evidence-based yet pragmatic tools for the interprofessional team to use in the management of this complex disorder.
Exchange operator formalism for integrable systems of particles

We formulate one-dimensional many-body integrable systems in terms of a new set of phase space variables involving exchange operators. The Hamiltonian in these variables assumes a decoupled form. This greatly simplifies the derivation of the conserved charges and the proof of their commutativity at the quantum level.
A Question of Counselor Function and Responsibility

This paper examines the concepts and attitudes of school administrators regarding the functions and responsibilities of school counselors. The implications of the differences in attitudes between counselors and administrators are discussed. Evidence is presented which suggests the possibility that differences may be due to counselor and administrator personalities. The need for the school administrators to be educated by counselors is stressed, and an example is given of a current concept of counselor responsibility.
Drought and changes in leaf orientation for two California chaparral shrubs: Ceanothus megacarpus and Ceanothus crassifolius

Predawn xylem pressure potentials were measured on two California chaparral shrubs, Ceanothus megacarpus and Ceanothus crassifolius, throughout the winter and spring growing season and into the summer drought. On the days xylem pressure potentials were measured, leaf orientation measurements were made on a population of marked leaves from the same shrubs. Predawn xylem pressure potentials decreased from -0.1 MPa in both species to -7.8 and -6.6 MPa in C. megacarpus and C. crassifolius, respectively, between May and August, 1981. Leaf inclinations became more vertical during this period with the greatest change observed in C. crassifolius. This change in leaf inclination was reversible, and, in the late winter and early spring, one year old leaves became more horizontal. Leaf azimuths were random and did not change seasonally. Simulations of solar radiation interception indicated that the increase in leaf inclination associated with summer drought reduced the absorption of solar radiation in August by 6% for C. megacarpus and 20% for C. crassifolius. Standard leaf energy budget calculations suggest that steep leaf inclinations would result in slightly lower leaf temperatures and transpiration rates under summer conditions.
The "Xhosa" In Town, Revisited Urban Social Anthropology: A Failure of Method and Theory

The weaknesses of urban anthropology in South Africa are discussed from a methodological, analytical, and political point of view. The article asserts that colonial policy demands on urban anthropology placed limits on the choice of subject matter and concepts. This is illustrated from a three volume work, The Xhosa in Town, done in South Africa under the direction of Philip Mayer, the senior author.
A modified transferred-electron high-field mobility model for GaN devices simulation

Abstract An approximation formula for electron high-field mobility in GaN is proposed. One is tested in wide range of temperatures and doping concentrations and is able to replicate the specific electron drift velocity dependence on electric field in GaN more accurately than conventionally used Canali and transferred-electron models. The simulations of the current–voltage characteristics of GaN metal–semiconductor–metal structure are performed for considered electron high-field mobility models. Simulations are compared with available experimental data.
Pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry for the analysis of forages and by-products☆

Abstract Forages and by-products, such as stovers and hulls, are important ruminant feedstuffs. Considerable effort is expended on composition determination, including research to better understand the relationship between composition and utilization by ruminants. Most of the procedures used are empirical in nature and make such determinations difficult at best. For example, the primary procedures used to determine a forage's potential feeding value are based on fiber determinations using extractive procedures. While it is possible to chemically analyze feedstuffs in a non-empirical fashion, the analyses required are so time consuming and extensive as to be generally impractical. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS), on the other hand, is simple to carry out and generates no waste, while being capable of simultaneously providing information on the composition of many or all of the feedstuff constituents. Research has demonstrated that PY-GC/MS can provide detailed information on constituents such as lignin, tannins, carbohydrates, etc. The information provided has been shown to be useful in determining the basis for wet chemical procedures (i.e. what exactly does a procedure determine), in differentiating subtle differences in composition between varieties of the same plant species, and in comparing the overall composition of one material to another. Finally, PY-GC/MS can be a tremendous tool for the determination of forage and by-product composition which has until now been largely ignored by animal nutritionists and forage researchers.
In vivo chemistry of 99mTc-chelates.

Abstract The structure-activity relationships involved in the in vivo localization and clearance of 99 m Tc-chelates is reviewed. Most 99 m Tc-chelates used for renal studies are mixed function agents and their uptake in the kidney is affected by the presence or absence of stannous ions; only a relatively few chelates are almost exclusively cleared from the body by glomerular filtration or tubular excreton. The uptake of 99 m Tc-phosphates and -phosphonates in metabolically active and metabolically inactive bone and the plasma clearance rate of these complexes depend upon the structure of the complexing ligand. 99 m Tc-chelates considered optimal for hepatobiliary imaging have a high liver extraction efficiency, are rapidly transported through the liver and have a comparatively slow renal clearance rate. Even though the elucidation of the in vivo behavior of 99 m Tc-chelates continues, quantitating structure-activity relationships requires that the structure of the chelates be carefully characterized, both before and after injection.
The Behaviorist in the Boardroom: The Research of Frank Stanton, Ph.D.

In 1946, at the age of 38, Frank Stanton was named President of CBS. While much of Stanton's work as a corporate executive has been chronicled, his accomplishments as one of America's earliest scholars of radio audience measurement remain neglected in media scholarship. This article reviews Stanton's research efforts between 1933 and 1942, and in doing so it places his work within the contexts of contemporaneous social and psychological media inquiry. Discussions of Stanton's methodological approach, his innovative dissertation, his scholarship, and his collaboration with key figures in the history of communication research are informed by primary and secondary sources.