cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PC12 cells differentiate into chromaffin cell-like phenotype in coculture with adrenal medullary endothelial cells.

Abstract Previously we described specific in vitro interactions between PC12 cells, a cloned, catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma cell line derived from the rat adrenal medulla, and bovine adrenal medullary endothelial cells. We now demonstrate that these interactions induce the PC12 cells to acquire physical and biochemical characteristics reminiscent of chromaffin cells. Under coculture conditions involving direct cell-cell contact, the endothelial cells and the PC12 cells reduced their rates of proliferation; upon prolonged coculture PC12 cells clustered into nests of cells similar to the organization of chromaffin cells seen in vivo. Within 3 days in coculture with endothelial cells, but not with unrelated control cells, PC12 cells synthesized increased levels of [Met]enkephalin. In addition, PC12 cells, growing on confluent endothelial monolayers, failed to extend neurites in response to nerve growth factor. Neither medium conditioned by endothelial cells nor fixed endothelial cells could by themselves induce all of these different phenomena in the PC12 cells. These results suggest that under coculture conditions PC12 cells change their state of differentiation toward a chromaffin cell-like phenotype. The rapid, transient increase in the expression of the protooncogene c-fos suggests that the mechanism(s) inducing the change in the state of differentiation in PC12 cells in coculture with the endothelial cells may be distinct from that described for the differentiation of PC12 cells--e.g., by glucocorticoids. We propose that similar interactions between endothelial cells and chromaffin cell precursors may occur during embryonic development and that these interactions might be instrumental for the organ-specific differentiation of the adrenal medulla in vivo.
Feminist Consciousness in Woman‐Centered Hindi Films

Apres une evocation de l'importance prise par la production Hindi dans le cinema indien, et apres s'etre interroge sur l'impact culturel que ce cinema peut avoir sur la population indienne, mais aussi sur les emigrants indiens dissemines dans le monde, l'A. se penche plus specifiquement sur ceux de ces films qui sont centres sur la femme, et analyse l'image qu'ils donnent de cette derniere. Il traite par la de la presence plus ou moins importante d'une conscience feminine/feministe au sein de ces representations culturelles
Who spends more online? The influence of time, usage variety, and privacy concern on online spending

Abstract The paper tests the influence of adoption time, online time, usage variety, and privacy concern on online spending. Findings support the hypothesis that online time, adoption time, and usage variety, the three dimensions of Internet usage experience, have a positive and significant influence on the amount of money consumers spend online, and privacy concern has a negative and significant influence. The control variables included in the model are gender, age, education, and income. Gender, age, and education did not influence online spending. However, income has a significant effect on online spending. Theoretical and strategic implications and recommendations for future research are presented.
Data sharing in the sciences

ion, resolving file/element naming and data protection issues, and resource allocation. The cloud provides technology as a service; the two major services are Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and Infrastructureas-a-Service (IaaS) both of which can simplify data sharing. Software-asa-Service provides access to a suite of software tools, either as a monthly or per-use cost for commercial software, or at no cost for non-commercial software. This enables a computing environment with no capital investment, few set-up costs, and no maintenance. Infrastructure-as-a-Service provides on-demand computing cycles and data storage via a virtual machine that can be configured to execute requests. The impact of the cloud is not fully understood and the future is unclear. Although Geambasu and colleagues argue that the cloud infrastructure will eliminate the need for traditional data centers within organizations, Arms and colleagues (2009) argue that local systems operations help to diffuse expertise across an organization and thus will continue to be valuable. Access and Discovery Metadata, Ontologies, and Vocabularies Access to and discovery of data resources require sufficient, targeted description of the resources themselves. This description is generally accomplished with metadata, ontologies, and vocabularies. The words metadata and ontologies have been used in multiple ways, but it is worth defining them briefly for our purposes. Ontologies are hierarchical, formal representations of the objects that constitute a specific area of interest (Gruber, 1995). In general, metadata has been used in information science to mean information about a particular representation of data (a document or set of documents, a dataset, images, or similar digital objects) (Duval, Hodgins, Sutton, & Weibel, 2002). A vocabulary consists of the properties that characterize the particular metadataset. For example, Dublin Core, which may be the most common metadata vocabulary, is applied to data to describe them for resource discovery and content management. It includes thirteen properties—such as title, author, and publication data—that characterize a particular digital resource. Metadata can be informal or maintained and created in a more structured way as part of the dataset itself. Metadata can be as straightforward as the date a particular dataset was generated, the creators/ custodians of the data, and the experimental or observational procedures that generated the data, to much more complex information about potential uses, geographic location of the data, its quality, or its state of completeness. Some metadata are also used to describe the kinds of web services that generated and maintain the dataset, associated tasks, and previous uses by others. Metadata can be human-generated or automatically generated and can be intended either for human use or for use by automated processes. Scientific communities, national scientific bodies, and international scientific organizations have all created metadata 268 Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
Culture media for growing dermatophytes.

In addition to being keratinophilic, dermatophytes are characterized by the following: (1) production and tolerance of an alkaline pH in culture media, (2) resistance to 500 p.g/ml or less of cycloheximide, and (3) sensitivity to 20 p.gjml or less of griseofulvin. These properties are useful to devise special culture media for their selective isolation and recognition. Most media for general diagnostic mycology are available commercially. The standard medium for growing dermatophytes is Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, which inhibit bacteria and saprophytic fungi, respectively. Four-percent glucose is added to Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Dermatophytes do not necessarily grow best on this agar, but for consistency, colonial morphology is determined on this medium. The addition of cycloheximide inhibits saprophytic fungi such as Scytalidium and Hendersonula (Natrassia), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Candida species, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Therefore a second medium without this antifungal agent should be included to avoid elimination of some relevant fungi, especially when nail specimens are being cultured. Media containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol are commercially known as Mycobiotic or Mycosel agar (BBL, Baltimore, Md.). For poorly sporulating dermatophytes (for example, Trichophyton rubrum), a I: 10 dilution of 2% Sabouraud's dextrose agar is used to stimulate the pro-
Alternative splicing of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel β4 subunit creates a uniquely folded N-terminal protein binding domain with cell-specific expression in the cerebellar cortex

Ca2+ channel β subunits regulate cell-surface expression and gating of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel α1 subunits. Based on primary sequence comparisons, β subunits are predicted to be modular structures composed of five domains (A–E) that are related to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins. The crystal structure of the β subunit core B–D domains has been reported recently; however, little is known about the structures of the A and E domains. The N-terminal A domain differs among the four subtypes of Ca2+ channel β subunits (β1–β4) primarily as the result of two duplications of an ancestral gene containing multiple alternatively spliced exons. At least nine A domain sequences can be generated by alternative splicing. In this report, we focus on one A domain sequence, the highly conserved β4a A domain. We solved its three-dimensional structure and show that it is expressed in punctate structures throughout the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. We also demonstrate that it does not participate directly in Cav2.1 Ca2+channel gating but serves as a binding site in protein–protein interactions with synaptotagmin I and the LC2 domain of microtubule-associated protein 1A. With respect to β4 subunits, the interactions are specific for the β4a splice variant, because they do not occur with the β4b A domain. These results have strong bearing on our current understanding of the structure of alternatively spliced Ca2+ channel β subunits and the cell-specific roles they play in the CNS.
Synaptic localization of GluR4-containing AMPARs and Arc during acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of in vitro classical conditioning.

Data suggest that modulation of synaptic strength by incorporation of GluR4-containing AMPARs occurs during conditioned response (CR) acquisition in an in vitro model of classical conditioning. Here we extend these findings by showing that synaptically localized GluR4 subunits parallels the expression of CRs during conditioning training in which there is differential expression of CRs, such as during acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition. Moreover, colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation data suggest that Arc associates with GluR4-containing AMPARs during these different training procedures. Once induced, Arc remains present in synapses during these phases of conditioning. The results are consistent with the interpretation that synaptic incorporation of GluR4-containing AMPARs supports the expression of CRs in this preparation, and that Arc may be involved in trafficking of GluR4 subunits during conditioning. Moreover, the maintained presence of synaptically localized Arc during all phases of conditioning examined indicates that synapses do not return to their naive state after extinction and that, given the potential trafficking function of Arc, may facilitate relearning after extinction.
Thermoelastic switching with controlled actuation in VO2 thin films

Reversible stress switching across the thermally triggered phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin films grown on silicon has been investigated using in situ wafer curvature measurements. Stability of the recoverable stress, hysteresis width and the transition temperature over 100 cycles are studied. Fine control over the recoverable stress has been demonstrated by thermal arrest across the phase boundary, exploiting the incomplete martensitic transition. Stability of the fractional stress changes across the martensitic transition is reported at various temperatures.
Computational prediction of ionic liquid 1-octanol/water partition coefficients.

Wet 1-octanol/water partition coefficients (log Kow) predicted for imidazolium-based ionic liquids using adaptive bias force–molecular dynamics (ABF–MD) simulations lie in excellent agreement with experimental values. These encouraging results suggest prospects for this computational tool in the a priori prediction of log Kow values of ionic liquids broadly with possible screening implications as well (e.g., prediction of CO2-philic ionic liquids).
Studies on the Base-Promoted Enantioselective Aldol Reaction between an (S,S)-2-OXO-2-Propionyl-1,3,2- Oxazaphosphorinane and Benzaldehyde

Abstract The synthesis of an (S,S)-2-oxo-2-propionyl-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane, via the condensation of (S)- 1 -N-isopropylbutan-2-ol (3) with methyl dichloro phosphite (CH3OPCl2) followed by the Michaelis-Arbusov condensation reaction with propionyl chloride, will be described. We will also present the results of OUT investigations which describe the nature of the aldol reaction involving the enolate of oxazaphosphorinane 5 with benzaldehyde.
Eddy mixing coefficient on Saturn

Abstract Data on the composition and thermal structure, and the Lyman-alpha dayglow of Saturn when analyzed in conjunction with photochemical models of the hydrocarbons and the atomic hydrogen production yield the homopause value of the eddy diffusion coefficient to be approximately 10 8 cm 2 s −1 . The equatorial value of the eddy diffusion coefficient at the homopause of Saturn is thus found to be approximately 100 times greater than on Jupiter. The mesosphere (and presumably, troposphere) of Saturn appears to be considerably more turbulent than the upper atmosphere of Jupiter.
Pseudocylinder Parametrization For Mine Impact Burial Prediction

The United States military has undergone numerous changes since the end of the Cold War. Specifically, the U.S. Navy experienced a shift in the area of engagement from the “blue water” water depth greater than 100 m to littoral regions of the world. The sea mines become the big threat in the naval operations. Within the past 15 years three U.S. ships, the USS Samuel B. Roberts FFG-58 , Tripoli LPH-10 , and Princeton CG-59 have fallen victim to mines. The total ship damage was $125 million while the mines cost approximately $30 ,000 1 . Let x ,y be the horizontal coordinates and z the vertical coordinate. A two-dimensional model called IMPACT28 was developed to predict the mine’s movement in the x ,z cross section 2 . The model contains two momentum equations in x and z directions and one moment of the momentum equation in the y direction , and predicts the mine’s center of mass COM position in the x ,z plane and the rotation i.e., the mine’s orientation around the y axis. Since the mine’s movement in IMPACT28 is strictly in the x ,z plane, it is very hard to include the motion of fluid in the two-dimensional model, because it is impossible to lay a mine in the same direction of the fluid velocity. In the littoral zone, the water velocity is not negligible. The application of the two-dimensional model for the operational use is limited. Recently, a three-dimensional recursive model IMPACT35 has been developed to predict the rigid cylinder’s or cylindrical mine’s translation velocity and orientation in fluid involving nonlinear dynamics, fluid–structure interaction, and instability theory 3–5 . However, the Navy operational mines are usually not cylindrical. The existing model should be extended from the cylindrical mines to more general shapes of mines with nose and tail.
Acute liver failure in children: The first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group

Objectives To determine short-term outcome for children with acute liver failure (ALF) as it relates to cause, clinical status, and patient demographics and to determine prognostic factors. Study design A prospective, multicenter case study collecting demographic, clinical, laboratory, and short-term outcome data on children from birth to 18 years with ALF. Patients without encephalopathy were included if the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio remained ≥20 seconds and/or >2, respectively, despite vitamin K. Primary outcome measures 3 weeks after study entry were death, death after transplantation, alive with native liver, and alive with transplanted organ. Results The cause of ALF in 348 children included acute acetaminophen toxicity (14%), metabolic disease (10%), autoimmune liver disease (6%), non-acetaminophen drug-related hepatotoxicity (5%), infections (6%), other diagnosed conditions (10%); 49% were indeterminate. Outcome varied between patient sub-groups; 20% with non-acetaminophen ALF died or underwent liver transplantation and never had clinical encephalopathy. Conclusions Causes of ALF in children differ from in adults. Clinical encephalopathy may not be present in children. The high percentage of indeterminate cases provides an opportunity for investigation.
Secretory and surface components released by proteolysis of lymphoid cells and their isolated membranes.

Summary It has frequently been assumed that proteolysis of intact cells releases only components of the surface membrane. To test the validity of this assumption 1-14C-glucosamine was incorporated into RAJI lymphoid cells. Treatment of intact cells with trypsin led to the release of three radioactive products of molecular weights 15,000, 60,000 and over 200,000. However, only the two components of lowest molecular weight (15,000 and 60,000) could be obtained from isolated plasma membranes; the 200,000 molecular weight component was completely absent. However, it could be isolated, not only from intact cells but also from the cell cytoplasm and from the culture medium in a ratio of 1:2. 4:0.6. Kinetic studies show that its release is accelerated by trypsin and it appears to be a secretory product, rather than a cell surface component.
SURFACE STRESS IN SOLIDS.

Abstract In a recent paper [6] a general theory of surface stress was presented. Here we discuss several simple solutions within this theory.
The effect of age and injury on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in facial motor neurons in F344 rats

Abstract Nitric oxide has been implicated in both normal neuronal aging as well as nerve repair events because of its known roles in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis and neuropathologic processes. In this study, we have determined the effect of aging, by comparing brainstem facial motor neurons (FMNs) as well as blood vessels, from adult F344 rats to those in old animals. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was determined both by immunohistochemistry using an antibody to iNOS on tissue sections and slot blots. In adult rats, iNOS expression was detectable only in FMNs and not in blood vessels. In old rats, there were robust levels of iNOS protein in blood vessels, while iNOS protein was not detectable in FMNs from old rats. There was also a 12-fold increase in iNOS expression in isolated blood vessels from old rats compared to vessels from adult animals. To determine the effect of injury on iNOS expression, the facial nerve was transected and immunocytochemistry performed as above. After nerve transection in adult rats, iNOS was demonstrable only in blood vessels after 1 day, but by 7 days iNOS protein immunoreactivity was robust in FMNs. In old animals, iNOS protein expression was observed only in FMNs at 1 day, but by 7 days after injury, protein immunoreactivity was localized to the blood vessels. These data suggest that aging and injury differentially affect the expression of iNOS and that the up-regulation of iNOS may be important for the availability of nitric oxide in the aged or injured nervous system.
Dynamically polarized sample at the Spallation Neutron Source

We report on the progress of the Dynamically Polarized Sample at the Spallation Neutron Source. The SNS DPS is a collaborative project with the University of Virginia constructed for the purpose of polarized neutron scattering and diffraction. The project aims at significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio by utilizing the strong spin dependent scattering cross section of hydrogen. One of the areas that are expected to benefit from this project is neutron protein crystallography, where a 10 fold gain in diffraction intensity and 10 fold reduction in incoherent background are within reach. The first step of the SNS DPS project uses a simple one Kelvin refrigerator and a 5 Tesla magnet. Our final goal is to design and build optimized setups for instruments such as the neutron protein diffractometer at the SNS (MaNDi). A brief overview of the DPS project will be given.
The role of adsorbed proteins in animal cell adhesion

Abstract Animal cell adhesion to extracellular matrices is a fundamental aspect of their behavior that derives from the organization of cells into large ensembles in the formation of specialized tissues and organs. Most cells in animals are adherent throughout their lives, e.g. fibroblasts and myoblasts. Even those that are not normally adherent such as the platelets and white cells in blood must undergo an adhesion step to perform their ultimate biological function. Thus, platelets adhere to matrices and each other when activated in order to stem blood flow, and neutrophils and monocytes must adhere to endothelial cells prior to their passage out of the blood to sites of inflammation and infection. Adhesion of animal cells to extracellular matrices is mediated by membrane bound receptor proteins, the integrins, that bind specifically to specialized adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen. This paper briefly reviews the integrin receptor-extracellular adhesion protein system as well as the three known cell-cell adhesion receptor systems. Examples illustrating how the roles of the integrins and the adhesion proteins in cell attachment have been denned are presented. The adsorption behavior of the adhesion proteins fibrinogen, fibronectin, and vitronectin onto synthetic substrates, and changes in their biologic activity induced by adsorption on different surfaces, are reviewed. The concept of “substrate activation” of the adhesion proteins is also described. Some of the technological innovations based on studies of cell adhesion are presented. Finally, how the properties of the adsorbing surface might be varied in order to modulate the influence of the adsorbed proteins in cell adhesion is discussed.
Statistical Models of Text in Continuous Speech Recognition

A major difficulty in continuous speech recognition research is the lack of effective and objective evaluation of the statistical models of text. Herbert Simon's view for evaluating theories is here applied to the statistical modelling of text. Three significant contributions can be identified. First, a time‐series representation of text is used to identify three well‐known empirical laws of text generation. These laws provide an effective and objective approach for evaluating four leading statistical models of text. Second, it is shown that the Simon‐Yule model of text provides a constructive mechanism for those laws. Third, based on Simon's explanatory processes of imitation and association, an adaptive framework for continuous speech recognition is suggested.
The C-terminal Extension (CTE) of the Nuclear Hormone Receptor DNA Binding Domain Determines Interactions and Functional Response to the HMGB-1/-2 Co-regulatory Proteins *

Previously, we and others reported that the high mobility group proteins, HMGB-1/-2, enhance DNA binding in vitro and transactivation in situ by the steroid hormone subgroup of nuclear receptors but did not influence these functions of class II receptors. We show here that the DNA binding domain (DBD) is sufficient to account for the selective influence of HMGB-1/-2 on the steroid class of receptors. Furthermore, the use of chimeric DBDs reveals that this selectivity is dependent on the C-terminal extension (CTE), amino acid sequences adjacent to the zinc finger core DBD. HMGB-1/-2 interact directly with the DBDs of steroid but not class II receptors, and this interaction requires the CTE. This in vitro interaction correlates with a requirement of the CTE for maximal HMGB-1/-2 enhancement of DNA binding in vitro and transcriptional activation in cells. Finally, class II receptor DBDs have a much higher intrinsic affinity for DNA than steroid receptor DBDs, and this affinity difference is also dependent on the CTE. These results reveal the importance of the steroid receptor CTE for DNA binding affinity and functional response to HMGB-1/-2.
Testosterone Alters the Immune Response of Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

We examined the effects of the high concentrations of sex steroid hormones detected in the plasma of sexually maturing chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the functioning of the immune system. Leukocytes from the anterior kidney of juvenile spring chinook salmon were incubated in the presence of steroid, and their ability to form specific antibody-producing cells (plaque-forming cells) was used as a measure of immunocompetence. Testosterone and cortisol, but not 17 beta-estradiol or aldosterone, were found to significantly reduce the plaque-forming response in vitro. Testosterone and cortisol administered together had a significantly greater effect than did either administered alone. The plaque-forming response was significantly affected by season. The magnitude of the steroid-induced immunosuppression was reduced during winter and increased again in spring.
Sources of incongruence among mammalian mitochondrial sequences: COII, COIII, and ND6 genes are main contributors.

To investigate the origins of incongruence among mammalian mitochondrial protein-coding genes, we compiled a matrix that included 13 protein-coding-genes for 41 mammals from 14 different orders. This matrix was examined for congruence using different partitioning strategies. The incongruence length difference test showed significant incongruence among the 13 gene partitions used simultaneously, and the result was not affected by third codon or transversion weighting. In the pair-wise comparisons, significant incongruence was detected between NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 6 gene (ND6), cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII), or cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII) gene partitioned individually against the rest of the genes. Omission of any of the 14 mammalian orders alone or in combinations from the matrix did not result in a statistically significant improvement of congruence, suggesting that taxonomic sampling will not improve congruence among the data sets. However, omission of the ND6, COII, and COIII significantly improved congruence in our data matrix. Possible origins of unusual phylogenetic properties of the three genes are discussed.
AMINE CONTENT OF TOXIC AND WHOLESOME CANNED TUNA FISH

Concentrations of cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, spermidine and spermine were determined in canned wholesome tuna and in canned tuna that had been implicated in an outbreak of scombroid poisoning in humans. The method employed is a modification of established extraction and thin-layer chromatographic techniques for analysis of amines. The average concentrations of amines in wholesome tuna were: putrescine, 0.35 mg%; cadaverine, 1.05 mg%; histamine, 2.74 mg%; spermidine, 3.26 mg%; and spermine, 1.23 mg%. Amine levels in toxic tuna ranged from 1.53 mg% and 1.16 mg% for putrescine and spermine, respectively, to 2.37 mg% for spermidine, 12.8 mg% for cadaverine, and 116 mg% for histamine.
Single-mode interband cascade lasers with coupled ring resonators

We report Fabry-Perot interband cascade lasers coupled to rectangular ring resonators that produce up to 5 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at 3°C. The tuning range at 3–28°C exceeds 8 nm.
Right Bundle Branch Block as a Screening Test for Pulmonary Embolism in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Frisbie JH, Sharma GVRK. Right bundle branch block as a screening test for pulmonary embolism in chronic spinal cord injury. Objectives To evaluate right bundle branch block (RBBB) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) as a screening tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) population and to determine the prevalence of PE. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Participants Consecutive SCI participants (N=112) who were followed at this institution until death between 1999 and 2005 at an average age of 71 years, a duration of paralysis of 31 years, with a tetraplegic level in 62%, and no useful motor function in 84%. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures PE, as a cause of RBBB, was diagnosed by autopsy, a source of thromboembolism, imaging, or other ECG signs of PE. Chronic obstructive lung disease was diagnosed by pulmonary function tests and myocardial infarction by ECG or echocardiogram. Results Twenty-nine participants (26%) had RBBB (6 with incomplete RBBB). Evidence that PE caused RBBB was found in 21 (72%), with 4 (3 massive) found by autopsy, 4 by the presence of an embolic source, 3 by imaging, 2 by the intermittent course of RBBB, 1 by abrupt onset of RBBB before death, and 7 by other ECG signs. RBBB represented chronic obstructive lung disease or myocardial infarction in the remaining 8. The onset of RBBB occurred either within months of SCI in 5 (1 before SCI) or years after SCI in 24 (6–50y, median 32y). RBBB was constant in 27 and intermittent in 2. The duration of RBBB ranged from 20 minutes to 31 years, median 4 years. Conclusions RBBB may be a useful initial screening test for PE complicating chronic SCI. PE, often recurrent and sometimes fatal, is prevalent in chronic SCI.
Inhibitory effects of a phage-derived peptide on Au nanocrystal nucleation and growth

Peptides have been shown to mediate the reduction and clustering of inorganic ions during biomineralization processes to build nanomaterials with well-defined shape, size, and composition. This precise control has been linked to specific amino acid sequence; however, there is a lack of information about the role of peptides during mineralization. Here, we investigate the nucleation and growth behavior of Au nanocrystals that are mediated by the engineered peptide AYSSGAPPMPPF. Unlike other nanocrystal synthesis schemes, this peptide produces Au nanocrystals from Au(III) ions at very low relative peptide concentrations, at ambient temperature, and in water at neutral pH. Our data show that (i) the peptide AYSSGAPPMPPF actually inhibits nucleation and growth of nanocrystals, (ii) HEPES plays an active chemical role as the reducing agent, and (iii) HAuCl4 accelerates the kinetics of nanoparticle nucleation and growth. Herein, we propose empirical rate laws for nucleation and growth of Au nanocrystals and com...
Role of Vasoconstriction in Experimental Arteriosclerosis

A method is given for the study of local neuroexcitation with subsequent vasoconstriction and its relationship to experimental arteriosclerosis in unanesthetized animals under normal laboratory conditions. Histological observations of vasoactive areas of stimulated blood vessels in the laboratory rat disclose some of the features observed elsewhere in experimental arteriosclerosis. Possible pathogenic mechanisms relating neurostimulation of autonomic arterial nerves with in situ arteriopathies are discussed.
On finite and infinite zeros in the model matching problem

In the model matching problem, proper plant P and model T are given and a proper M is to be found such that T = PM. M can then be realized via feedback and feedforward compensation. For internal stability T and M must be stable. A proper and stable solution M exists only when the unstable finite and infinite zeros of P also appear in T. This is studied using the interactor and the Hermite forms of P and T, directly using factorizations of the transfer matrices and by utilizing and extending results of the related nominal synthesis problem. How to choose an appropriate T in control design is also discussed using polynomial matrix interpolation.
The OLD-1 positive regulator of longevity and stress resistance is under DAF-16 regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract Aging and limited life span are fundamental biological phenomena observed in a variety of species [1]. Approximately 55 genes have been identified that can extend longevity when altered in Caenorhabditis elegans [2–5]. These genes include an insulin-like receptor ( daf-2 ) and a phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase ( age-1 ) regulating a forkhead transcription factor ( daf-16 ) [6, 7], as well as genes mediating metabolic throughput [8], sensory perception [9], and reproduction [10]. Moreover, these mutant alleles both extend life span and increase resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation [11], heat [12], and oxidative stress [13–15], though the stress resistance of clk-1 is controversial . With the exception of old-1 and perhaps some other genes [16–19], all of the life-extension alleles are hypomorphic or nullomorphic. Here, we show that the OLD-1 transmembrane tyrosine kinase (formerly TKR-1; [16, 20]) is expressed in a variety of tissues, is stress inducible, and is a positive regulator of longevity and stress resistance. The transcription of old-1 is upregulated in long-lived age-1 and daf-2 mutants and is upregulated in response to heat, UV light, and starvation. Both RT-PCR and analysis of an OLD-1::GFP tag suggest that old-1 expression is dependent on daf-16 . Importantly, old-1 is required for the life extension of age-1 and daf-2 mutants. This study reveals a new system for specifying longevity and stress resistance and suggests possible mechanisms for mediating life extension by dietary restriction and hormesis.
Clinical considerations in the management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis

Incidental findings pose considerable management dilemmas for the treating physician and psychological burden for the respective patient. With an aging population, more patients will be diagnosed with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. Patients will have to be counseled with regard to treatment options according to their individual risk profile and according to professionals' knowledge of evidence-based data derived from large randomized control trials. Treatment consensus has long been lacking for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis prior to any randomized controlled trials. Additionally, an individual's risk profile may be hard to assess according to knowledge gained from randomized controlled trials. Moreover, while earlier studies compared carotid endarterectomy and medical therapy, in the past years, a new therapeutic modality, carotid artery angioplasty and stenting, has emerged as a possible alternative. This has been evaluated in a recent randomized controlled trial, the...
Delivering drugs, via microdialysis, into the environment of extracellularly recorded hippocampal neurons in behaving primates.

Hippocampal neurons in primates have been extensively studied with electrophysiological and neuroanatomical methods. Much less effort has been devoted to examining these cells with contemporary pharmacological techniques. Therefore, we modified a recently developed integrative technique (N. Ludvig, P.E. Potter, S.E. Fox, Simultaneous single-cell recording and microdialysis within the same brain site in freely behaving rats: a novel neurobiological method, J. Neurosci. Methods 55 (1994) 31-40 [9] ) for cellular neuropharmacological studies in behaving monkeys. A driveable microelectrode-microdialysis probe guide assembly was implanted stereotaxically into the left hippocampus of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) under isoflurane anesthesia. The assembly was covered with a protective cap. After 3 weeks of postsurgical recovery and behavioral training, the experimental subject was seated in a primate chair. For 4-5 h, single-cell recording and microdialysis were simultaneously performed in the hippocampal implantation site. The technique allowed the recording of both complex-spike cells and fast-firing neurons without the use of head restraint. The control microdialysis solution, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), was replaced with either 1 M ethanol or 500 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) for 10-30 min intervals. The ethanol perfusions principally suppressed the firing of the neurons in the dialysis area. The NMDA perfusions initially increased the firing of local neurons, then caused electrical silence. These drug delivery/cell recording sessions were performed with 1-4 day intersession intervals over a 1-month period. The described method provides a tool to elaborate the pharmacology of primate hippocampal neurons during behavior and without the confounding effects of systemic drug administrations.
Corrections to “A Geoacoustic Bottom Interaction Model (GABIM)” [Jul 10 603-617]

This communication corrects errors and supplies missing parameter values for a previous publication by the authors (ibid., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 603-617, Jul. 2010) regarding the geoacoustic bottom interaction model (GABIM).
A modified fluorometric micromethod for DNA.

Abstract A sensitive fluorometric procedure has been developed which permits measurement of DNA in as little as 6 μg of tissue protein. The method requires fewer steps than the original procedure of Kissane and Robins4 from which it was derived and permits simultaneous determinations of other biochemical constituents on the same tissue sample. The procedure is particularly well suited for biochemical studies on cells in tissue culture with the DNA values showing close agreement with those obtained by the colorimetric diphenylamine method of Burton2.
Fibrate/Statin Initiation in Warfarin Users and Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk

Purpose To evaluate whether initiation of a fibrate or statin increases the risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding in warfarin users.
Large Dumbbell-Shaped C1 Schwannoma Presenting as a Foramen Magnum Mass

Schwannomas involving the foramen magnum commonly originate from the lower cranial nerves, but they are rarely found arising from the first cervical root. To date, very few cases have been described in the literature. The majority involve either the intradural or extradural compartment but not both. We report the second case of a dumbbell-shaped schwannoma arising from the first cervical root. Our patient presented with hemisensory deficits secondary to brainstem compression at the level of the foramen magnum. The patient underwent a far lateral approach, and a gross total resection was achieved. Preoperative suspicion of the diagnosis is helpful in anticipating displacement and avoiding damage to the surrounding neurovascular structures.
Tensor polarized γ-deuteron Compton scattering in effective field theory

Abstract The differential cross section for γ-deuteron Compton scattering from a tensor polarized deuteron is computed in an effective field theory. The first non-vanishing contributions to this differential cross section are the interference terms between the leading electric coupling diagrams and the subleading single potential pion exchange diagrams or the subleading magnetic moment coupling diagrams. At 90° photon scattering angle, only the pion term contributes at this order to the tensor polarized differential cross section. This provides a clean way to study the photon pion dynamics in the two nucleon sector. The effect is measurable for photon energies between 40 and 80 MeV provided the uncertainty in the measured cross sections are ≲ 7%.
Association of Interleukin-10 Cluster Genes and Salmonella Response in the Chicken

ABSTRACT Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide stimulates interleukin 10 (IL10) gene expression in chickens. Four genes in the IL10 cluster [polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), interleukin 10 (IL10), map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2), and ligatin (LGTN)] plus dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase1A (DYRK1A) were investigated using the F8 generation of 2 related advanced intercross lines (AIL). The AIL were generated by crossing outbred broilers with dams of 2 highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). Intercrossing continued within the 2 dam lines. The F8 chicks (n = 132) were intraesophageally inoculated at 1 d with S. enteritidis. At d 7 or 8, both spleen tissue and cecal contents were cultured to quantify S. enteritidis load. The F8 population was genotyped for one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) per gene by using a multiplexed SNaPshot assay. Association of gene SNP with S. enteritidis bacterial burden was analyzed by the GLM. The MAPKAPK2 and IL10 genes were highly (P
Preliminary pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of fenoldopam continuous rate infusion in six healthy dogs

Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist that causes peripheral arterial vasodilation, increased renal blood flow, and diuresis. Enthusiasm exists for the use of fenoldopam in nonpolyuric kidney injury in dogs, although pharmacokinetic data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to collect basic pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effect data for fenoldopam when administered to healthy awake dogs. Six healthy, awake beagles were given a 180-min fenoldopam constant rate infusion at 0.8 μg/kg per minute followed by a 120-min washout period. Citrated blood was collected during and after infusion for the measurement of plasma fenoldopam concentration by HPLC with mass spectrometry. Heart rate and indirect systolic blood pressure were concurrently measured. Mean ± SD, steady-state plasma fenoldopam concentrations of 20 ± 17 ng/mL were achieved within 10 min of starting the infusion. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 3678 ± 3030 ng/mL · min, and plasma clearance was 66 ± 43 mL/min per kg. Elimination was rapidly achieved in all dogs. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were unaffected by the fenoldopam infusion. Based on the results of this study, further evaluation of the effects of fenoldopam in dogs at differing doses and in dogs with clinical conditions such as acute nonpolyuric kidney injury is warranted.
Zero cost testing of check bits in RAMs with on-chip ECC

The authors address the problem of testing the check bits in RAMs with on-chip ECC. A solution is proposed in which the check bits are tested in parallel with the testing of the information bits. The solution entails finding parity-check matrices such that all the check bits are tested while the information bits are being tested, without any increase in the length of the test sequence. The resulting parity-check matrix is such that there is no loss in error-correction capabilities and with minimal penalty in the worst-case delay of the error-correcting logic. >
A critical examination of spatial biases between MODIS and MISR aerosol products – application for potential AERONET deployment

Abstract. AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data are the primary benchmark for evaluating satellite-retrieved aerosol properties. However, despite its extensive coverage, the representativeness of the AERONET data is rarely discussed. Indeed, many studies have shown that satellite retrieval biases have a significant degree of spatial correlation that may be problematic for higher-level processes or inverse-emissions-modeling studies. To consider these issues and evaluate relative performance in regions of few surface observations, cross-comparisons between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products of operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Dark Target (DT) and operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Deep Blue (DB) with MISR version 22 were conducted. Through such comparisons, we can observe coherent spatial features of the AOD bias while sidestepping the full analysis required for determining when or where either retrieval is more correct. We identify regions where MODIS to MISR AOD ratios were found to be above 1.4 and below 0.7. Regions where lower boundary condition uncertainty is likely to be a dominant factor include portions of Western North America, the Andes mountains, Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Central Asia. Similarly, microphysical biases may be an issue in South America, and specific parts of Southern Africa, India Asia, East Asia, and Indonesia. These results help identify high-priority locations for possible future deployments of both in situ and ground based remote sensing measurements. The Supplement includes a kml file.
Contrasting energetic costs of courtship signaling in two wolf spiders having divergent courtship behaviors

Energetic costs of courtship behavior were measured for two sympatric wolf spiders that are reproductively isolated based on distinct male courtship behaviors with different signaling modes and activity levels: Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz 1844) uses multi-modal communication (visual and seismic signals) and an actively-moving courtship display, whereas S. rovneri (Uetz & Dondale 1979) uses only seismic signals produced while stationary. To test for increased energetic expense of more complex multimodal courtship in S. ocreata, we recorded peak CO2 output for male spiders standing, walking, or courting. We found that peak CO2 output while standing or walking was similar between species. Courtship behavior of S. ocreata produced greater peak CO2 output than these other behaviors, and was significantly greater than peak CO2 output of S. rovneri courtship, which was not different from that of locomotion. Hence, unequal energy expenditure related to the modality of the males' courtship displays resulted in different energetic costs for courting male spiders. Male courtship vigor may serve as a criterion for female mate choice in Schizocosa.
Human Population and Environmental Problems

Human population growth is clearly outstripping the possibilities of increasing the supply of food and other prerequisites for satisfactory existence. Already, with around four thousand million people on Earth, the race appears to have been lost by agriculture. The prospect of doubling this population by shortly after the turn of the century is bleak indeed. It is the belief of many, however, that zero population growth will be reached earlier by a catastrophic increase in the number of deaths—most probably from starvation. This also bodes ill for conservation; for as people get more and more hungry, their behaviour towards wildlife and what remains of the natural environment is going to become more and more reckless. The destruction of both wildlife and its habitat may be expected to extend to quite devastating proportions, which will require understanding action in both over- and under-developed countries to counter with any degree of success.Man is inexorably changing the face of the Earth and weather patterns in directions which could have all manner of widespread ill-effects, and already have had some catastrophic local ones. Yet more and more of the world's productive lands are being paved with concrete, and the productivity of even wider areas is being permanently lost through erosion and laterization following the clearing of forests and other binding vegetation. Simultaneously, many strains of crop plants are being lost which are essential to humanity because they enable plant breeders to develop new agricultural varieties to help keep abreast of changes in pests and weather, and to raise production levels.
A microwave measurement of high levels of thermospheric nitric oxide

We report the first microwave detection of atmospheric NO, obtained through ground-based observations of 250.796 GHz (1.2 mm) line emission from lower thermospheric NO. The observations were conducted with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) millimeter telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona (32°N, 111°W) on April 1–3, 1991. The thermal linewidth of the measured NO spectrum corresponds to an average atmospheric temperature of 300 K which, combined with the observed lack of pressure broadening, places the origin of the NO emission at altitudes of 100–120 km. The thermospheric column (altitude >70 km) density of NO inferred from the observed line emission is cm−2, indicating extraordinarily high abundances of lower thermosphere NO for the current solar maximum period. During the three days of observations, the NO line emission did not exhibit diurnal or daily variations to within the 10–15 % measurement uncertainties.