cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid and reversible modulation of T4 (CD4) on monocytoid cells by phorbol myristate acetate: Effect on HIV susceptibility☆

The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on T4 (CD4) expression by monocytoid cells was studied. Greater than 99% of untreated U937 and HL-60 cells expressed surface T4 as measured with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The percentage of T4 positive cells decreased to <20% after incubation with PMA (10−8M). A decrease was observed within 15 min of PMA exposure, was maximal within 1 hr, and persisted for at least 3 days in the continuous presence of PMA. The susceptibility of untreated and PMA-treated U937 cells to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also studied. Pretreatment of cells with PMA for 18 hr decreased the production of viral RNA and p24 antigen 24 hr after infection. The dose of PMA resulted in a parallel reduction of both T4 expression and infection by HIV. When PMA was washed from cultures and replaced with fresh medium for 48 hr, then T4 expression and the production viral RNA and p24 antigen following infection were restored. These data suggest that pharmacologic manipulation of surface T4 expression may have a potential role in the prevention or treatment of HIV infection.
The origin of ribbon lineation within the southern Adirondacks, U.S.A.

Abstract Multiply deformed metamorphic rocks of the southern Adirondacks exhibit a pronounced linear fabric consisting of elongate, flat ribbons oriented parallel to early fold axes and lying within foliation planes. The ribbons, which are often monomineralic, consist of quartz, feldspar and mafic minerals. As seen in transition from least to most deformed rocks, these ribbons appear to be the result of elongation of grains, or grain aggregates, in response to a regional rotational strain which also rotated early fold axes into parallelism with the lineation. A consistent sense of asymmetry of feldspar tails with respect to foliation suggests that simple shear was the dominant component of strain. The long dimension of these ribbons is believed to mark the maximum elongation direction ( X ) of the finite strain ellipsoid.
Effect of indomethacin on proteinuria in rats with autologous immune complex nephropathy.

Abstract Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been used to reduce levels of urinary protein excretion in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, the general usefulness of these drugs in proteinuric states remains unclear. The present study was designed to confirm the efficacy and to investigate some of the mechanism/s of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in animals with proteinuria as the result of a single form experimental renal disease. Autologous immune complex nephropathy was produced in groups of Lewis rats by the administration of autologous tubular F×1A antigen. After marked proteinuria developed, indomethacin (8 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to one group of animals for five days while a control group received only vehicle. The level of urinary protein excretion in the indomethacin treated animals was 420 ± 198 mg/day compared to a level of 1180 ± 306 seen in the untreated animals (p
The Role of Phonetics within the Study of Language

Phonologists have often held that phonetic ‘substance’ is more or less unrelated to phonological ‘form’. This view rests on assumptions about the phonetic domain that are highly questionable on empiri
Characterization ofAlteromonas hanedai (sp. nov.), a nonfermentative luminous species of marine origin

Eleven marine luminous isolates, which could not be identified with previously studied species of luminous marine bacteria, were subjected to an extensive characterization. The results indicated that these strains were phenotypically similar, had a G+C content in their DNA of 45 mol%, and differed from all previously characterized luminous species by their inability to ferment sugars. On the basis of these and other properties, the 11 luminous strains were assigned to the genusAlteromonas and given the species designationA hanedai. Strain 281 (ATCC 33224) has been designated as the type strain of this new species.
Using the Fleming Index of Dysphagia to Establish Prevalence

The Fleming index of dysphagia was used to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients in a long-term, neuropsychiatric medical center. Prevalence varied by section, with the ventilator-dependent patients having the highest rate and the chemical-dependent patients having the lowest. The Fleming index appears to be a quick and useful instrument to identify patients who are at risk of dysphagic complications, but further reliability and validity studies are needed to demonstrate its utility.
Causes of death in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Abstract purpose: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was reported to be the predominant cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related deaths prior to 1988, the year that effective prophylaxis against PCP entered routine use. Our study was performed to study the causes of HIV-related death since January 1988 in a region where patient tracking is virtually complete. patients and methods: We surveyed physicians associated with the Brown University Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Program who cared for greater than 95% of known HIV-positive patients in Rhode Island. These physicians identified all those HIV-infected persons who had died under their care between January 1988 and July 1990, and determined these patients' causes of death by chart review. For comparison, death certificates of identified persons were also reviewed at the Rhode Island Department of Vital Statistics. results: Among 126 deaths since January 1988, bacterial infections were the most common cause of death (30%), whereas PCP was responsible for only 16% of deaths. Persons not receiving any form of PCP prophylaxis were more likely to die from PCP than were those who received prophylaxis (26% versus 11% [p = 0.04]). Cause of death as recorded on actual death certificates was imprecise, although bacterial infections were again the most common cause indicated. Only one death occurred in a patient with a CD4 count greater than 200/mL, and this was not HIV-related. conclusion: PCP has not been the leading cause of death in our region since January 1988. Bacterial infections contribute substantially to mortality, and this may influence future prophylactic regimens. HIV-related deaths in patients with CD4 counts greater than 200/mL are unusual.
Lactational response to soybean meal, heated soybean meal, and extruded soybeans with ruminally protected methionine.

Abstract Seventy-three high producing Holstein cows were arranged in a 3×2 factorial to evaluate three protein supplements (soybean meal, heat-treated soybean meal, and extruded blend of soybeans and soybean meal) without or with 15 g/head/d of ruminally protected DL-methionine during wk 4 through 16 postpartum. Total mixed diets contained (DM basis) 30% corn silage, 15% alfalfa hay, and 55% of the respective concentrate mix. Milk production was higher when cows were fed either heated soybean product instead of soybean meal. Methionine supplementation increased production when fed with soybean meal (32.2 and 33.8 kg/d) but not when fed with heat-treated soybean meal (34.5 and 33.0 kg/d) or extruded soybeans (36.2 and 34.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentages were lower with extruded soybeans (3.01, 2.93, and 2.66) and were similar without (2.83) or with (2.90) supplemental methionine. Milk protein percentages were highest when fed soybean meal, lowest with extruded soybeans (3.02, 2.92, and 2.87), and higher with supplemental methionine (2.91 and 2.96). Dry matter intake was higher when fed supplemental methionine (20.0 and 21.3 kg/d). Production of milk in early lactation high producing dairy cows was increased by supplementing a soybean meal diet with ruminally protected methionine or by replacing the soybean meal with heat-treated soybean meal, soybeans, or a mixture of the two.
Six3 promotes the formation of ectopic optic vesicle‐like structures in mouse embryos

A few years ago, three novel murine homeobox genes closely related to the Drosophila sine oculis (so) gene (Six1-3) were isolated and were all included in the Six/so gene family. Because of its early expression in the developing eye field, Six3 was initially thought to be the functional ortholog of the Drosophila so gene. This hypothesis was further supported by the demonstration that ectopic Six3 expression in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) promotes the formation of ectopic lens and retina tissue. Here, we show that similar to Drosophila, where the eyeless/Pax6 gene regulates the eye-specific expression of so, Six3 expression in the murine lens placodal ectoderm is also controlled by Pax6. We also show that ectopic Six3 expression promotes the formation of ectopic optic vesicle-like structures in the hindbrain-midbrain region of developing mouse embryos. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-related protein-1: an autocrine/paracrine factor that inhibits skeletal myoblast differentiation but permits proliferation in response to IGF.

Skeletal myogenic cells respond to the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) by differentiating or proliferating, which are mutually exclusive pathways. What determines which of these responses to IGF skeletal myoblast undergo is unclear. IGF-binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is a secreted protein with close homology to the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the N-terminal region. IGFBP-rP1, previously called mac25 and IGFBP-7, is highly expressed in C2 skeletal myoblasts during the proliferative phase, but is down-regulated during myoblast differentiation. To determine the role of IGFBP-rP1 in myogenesis, IGFBP-rP1 was overexpressed in C2 myoblasts using a retroviral vector. Western blots indicated that the resulting C2-rP1 myoblasts secreted approximately 27-fold higher levels of IGFBP-rP1 than control C2-LX myoblasts that were transduced with a control vector (LXSN). Compared with C2-LX myoblasts, the differentiation responses of C2-rP1 myoblasts to IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin, and des(1–...
Assessment of a Restorative Feeding Group in an Alzheimer's Unit

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify positive effects of restorative feeding group participation in residents with Alzheimer's disease. A restorative feeding program already existing for a short time on a 70-bed Alzheimer's unit had no documented method of referral or admission criteria. A referral form and problem indicators for admission were developed. The effect of participation on nutritional status and self-serving ability, and staff compliance with discharge guidelines were analyzed. Fourteen residents participated in the restorative feeding group (RFC) during the data collection period. Despite availability of a referral form in the nurses station, referrals to the RFC were most often made by work of mouth [79%]. Referrals had a minimum or higher score on medical, nutritional, and feeding problem indicators for admission to the RFC, The most frequent reasons for referral were: decline in self-serving ability (n=7), frequent meal refusals (n=6), decline in chewing or swallowing ability (n=5), and difficulty focusing eating activity (n=5). Average time spent in the RFG was six weeks. Evaluation of residents after discharge from the RFG showed an increase in weight and food intake at meals. Verbal prompting decreased, but physical prompting did not. There was no significant change in albumin, cholesterol, hematocrit, or hemoglobin. Guidelines written at discharge from RFG were usually followed (70% of the time) in the main dining room. These results show that participation in the RFG improved weight and intake at meals, but self-serving ability was not significantly affected. Documentation of referral to the RFG is lacking and further staff education is needed.
Lawsone (2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone) derived from the henna plant increases the oxygen affinity of sickle cell blood

Abstract We examined an extract of the henna plant for the ability to inhibit the sickling of hemoglobin S-containing red cells upon deoxygenation in vitro and found that it could do so. Further investigation revealed that the active principle was lawsone, 2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone, which produced an increase in the oxygen affinity of SS blood at levels as low as 1 mM of the compound but with little change in the characteristics of normal blood at this concentration.
Fano resonances in the magnetoresistance of a quantum wire doped with magnetic impurities.

We calculate the scattering of conduction electrons from a magnetic impurity in an electron waveguide. A weak external magnetic field gives rise to Zeeman splitting of the waveguide modes. We find a Fano resonance in the conductance versus Fermi energy when the electrons from one Zeeman band scatter by a coherent spin-flip process into a bound state formed from the other Zeeman band. These conductance resonances should be experimentally observable in systems where the localized impurity moment is larger than the magnetic moment of the conduction electrons, such as Yb- or Er-doped GaAs quantum wires.
Kinetics of Intracellular Ice Formation in One-Dimensional Arrays of Interacting Biological Cells

Although cell-cell interactions are known to significantly affect the kinetics of intracellular ice formation (IIF) during tissue freezing, this effect is not well understood. Progress in elucidating the mechanism and role of intercellular ice propagation in tissue freezing has been hampered in part by limitations in experimental design and data analysis. Thus, using rapid-cooling cryomicroscopy, IIF was measured in adherent cells cultured in micropatterned linear constructs (to control cell-cell interactions and minimize confounding factors). By fitting a Markov chain model to IIF data from micropatterned HepG2 cell pairs, the nondimensional rate of intercellular ice propagation was found to be alpha = 10.4 +/- 0.1. Using this measurement, a new generator matrix was derived to predict the kinetics of IIF in linear four-cell constructs; cryomicroscopic measurements of IIF state probabilities in micropatterned four-cell arrays conformed with theoretical predictions (p < 0.05), validating the modeling assumptions. Thus, the theoretical model was extended to allow prediction of IIF in larger tissues, using Monte Carlo techniques. Simulations were performed to investigate the effects of tissue size and ice propagation rate, for one-dimensional tissue constructs containing up to 100 cells and nondimensional propagation rates in the range 0.1 < or = alpha < or = 1000.
Longitudinal interviews of couples diagnosed with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing fragile X premutation testing.

About 10 % of infertile/subfertile women are diagnosed with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), of which < 5 % will become pregnant spontaneously. Fragile X (FMR1) genetic testing may provide a reason for her early ovarian aging and/or have reproductive implications. Seven women with DOR (genetic study subset) and the male partners of six of these women were separately interviewed about the experience of being asked to undergo this unanticipated genetic test. Three interviews were conducted (before, within 1 week after, and 3 months after learning the test results). None of the participants carried the FMR1 premutation (largest FMR1 allele 27–50 CGG repeats). For women, their pregnancy-seeking journey was long and exhausting. Women understood the reproductive implications of carrying the FMR1 premutation, and hoped for a negative result. Being offered a genetic test caused women to pause and re-think their future reproductive plans. Husbands viewed the infertility journey as filled with unknowns, of which the genetic test results would be one more puzzle piece. The expense of fertility testing/treatment was mentioned by both spouses, though more notably by husbands. The introduction of a possible genetic cause of infertility, with additional potential health consequences for future biological children, caused women to re-think their quest for pregnancy. In contrast, the genetic test was viewed as an additional source of information for their husbands as opposed to raising concern regarding potential reproductive ramifications.
The roles of citizenship status, acculturation, and health insurance in breast and cervical cancer screening among immigrant women.

Background: Immigrant women are less likely to undergo cancer screening. However, few national studies have examined the role of citizenship status or acculturation. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine differences in Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and mammography screening among U. S.-born women and immigrants who are naturalized citizens or remained noncitizens. Among Latinas, we also determined if acculturation is related to screening after adjusting for covariates. Research Design: The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adult Section of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative sample. Subjects: A total of 18,342 women completed the survey, including 1445 who were not citizens. Measures: For Pap smears, women age 18-65 were appropriately screened if they reported testing within the past 3 years. For mammograms, women age 50-70 were considered appropriately screened if they reported testing within the past 2 years. We determined acculturation using a modified version of the Marin scale. Results: After adjusting for age, education, family income, and marital status, noncitizens remained significantly less likely to report having a mammogram than U. S.-born women (14 percentage point difference; P < 0.01). However, after adjusting for health insurance coverage and a usual source of care, these disparities were markedly attenuated. For Pap smears, after adjusting for sociodemographics and access to care, disparities persisted (11 percentage points, P < 0.01). Among Latinas, differences in Pap smears between noncitizens and the U. S.-born disappeared after further controlling for acculturation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that initiatives to diminish disparities in screening should prioritize improving access to care for noncitizens. Our study also lends support to culturally sensitive interventions aimed at improving Pap smear screening among noncitizens.
Sulfur composition of soybeans as affected by macronutrient deficiencies

Abstract Results of solution culture experiments on effects of N, P, and K deficiencies on S constituents of leaf blades, total S concentrations, and S uptake by soybean plants are reported. Nitrogen deficiency decreased the concentration of soluble protein S, had little effect on nonsoluble S, and increased concentrations of soluble nonprotein S, sulfate S, reduced non‐protein S, and total S of soybean leaf blades. Soluble protein and S content of soluble protein decreased under N‐deficient conditions. For whole plants, S concentration and S uptake increased while dry weight was unaffected by N deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency did not significantly affect S constituents of soybean leaf blades or whole plants. However, S concentrations and S uptake tended to decrease when P was deficient. Potassium deficiency increased nonsoluble S concentrations in leaf blades and total S concentrations in whole plants but lowered dry weight per plant. Other S fractions of the leaf blades and S uptake per plant were not...
Unsteady combustion of homogeneous energetic solids using the laser-recoil method

Abstract The laser-recoil technique was used to study the unsteady burning of a fine oxidizer AP-HTPB composite propellant (APF series) and a catalyzed double-base propellant (N5) at one atmosphere. Steady burning rate and temperature measurements were performed and quasi-steady, homogeneous, one-dimensional (QSHOD) theory implemented in order to interpret the unsteady results. The frequency response of the fine oxidizer AP-HTPB composite propellant exhibited two peaks that were shown to correspond to the condensed phase thermal layer and the condensed-phase reaction zone for the low- and high-frequency peaks, respectively. Several other factors were considered and eliminated as possible causes of the two peaks. For the fine oxidizer AP-HTPB composite propellant, at these conditions, the assumption of a quasi-steady surface reaction zone was clearly violated at frequencies as low as 60 Hz. The effect of mean radiant flux level on the frequency response was also investigated for both APF and N5 propellants. N5 showed a pronounced steady-state burning rate plateau with radiant flux (similar to that for pressure) with corresponding effects exhibited in the frequency response. The results of this work show that detailed information can be obtained using the laser-recoil method that clarifies the structure and dynamics of burning solids. Further, the results suggest that more detailed models that relax the quasi-steady surface reaction zone assumption should be developed.
The study of adolescence during the 20th century

The scientific study of adolescence in America during the 20th century is reviewed, beginning with the work of G. Stanley Hall. Recurring themes and shifts in focus spanning the last century are identified. Hall's ideas about normative turmoil have been replaced by the recognition that as they pass from childhood to adulthood adolescents may take a number of different paths, many of which are not tumultuous. There is now growing recognition that the definition of these paths and the timing of entry into and out of adolescence are dependent on societal and historical constraints.
A comparison of 2 methods of endoscopic laryngeal sensory testing: a preliminary study.

Objective:This study examined the association between laryngeal sensory deficits and penetration or aspiration. Two methods of testing laryngeal sensation were carried out to determine which was more highly correlated with Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores.Methods:Healthy participants and patients with dysphagia received an endoscopic swallowing evaluation including 2 sequential laryngeal sensory tests—air pulse followed by touch method. Normal/impaired responses were correlated with PAS scores.Results:Fourteen participants completed the endoscopic swallowing evaluation and both sensory tests. The air pulse method identified sensory impairment with greater frequency than the touch method (P < .0001). However, the impairment identified by the air pulse method was not associated with abnormal PAS scores (P = .46). The sensory deficits identified by the touch method were associated with abnormal PAS scores (P = .05).Conclusion:Sensory impairment detected by the air pulse method does not appear to be ...
Thoracoscopy and Pneumonolysis

1. In a series of 234 thoracoscopies from 1943 to 1946, ninety-six pneumonolyses were performed. 2. Thoracoscopy has proved to be a safe, simple and informative procedure, singularly devoid of serious complications. 3. Sixty-nine per cent of the pneumonolysis operations resulted in a negative sputum or made possible the continuation of a pneumothorax in a previously negative case. 4. The serious complications following the 96 pneumonolyses were: Hemorrhage, 5 per cent; Empyema, 2 per cent; Death, 2 per cent. 5. These results are in general agreement with the averages of the series of Moore and Goorwitch, but at variance with some of the individual authors of those series.
Narrative Treatment of a Woman with Panic Disorder

This paper presents a case study using narrative therapy for a woman with panic disorder. It provides a clinical overview of the narrative approach and a discussion about its potential promise in the treatment of this problem. The therapy was conducted in a conjoint couple format.
Time, autonomy, and satisfaction.

Although time can be measured, it is fundamentally a subjective experience. Patients judge the time spent with their physicians not only according to elapsed time but also by the physician's interest, presence, attention, and responsiveness. Physicians whose posture indicates interest and who address all of the patient's concerns, including psychosocial issues, are perceived to have spent more time and have more satisfied patients. The relationship between perceived time and elapsed time is complex from the perspective of the physician and the trainee as well. For example, physicians tend to overestimate the time spent when they address more of the patient's concerns.1 While the quality of time is important, so is the quantity. Visits averaging 15 minutes or less tend to skimp on psychological data gathering and prevention and are positively associated with inappropriate prescribing and malpractice litigation, and are negatively associated with patient satisfaction.2
Computed Tomography in Patients with Esophageal Perforation

Contrast esophagram is the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with clinically suspected perforation of the esophagus. In patients in whom the usual clinical signs or symptoms are unrecognized and in whom the diagnosis is obscure, the diagnosis of a perforated esophagus may be suggested by the finding of mediastinal fluid and air on CT. Three patients are reviewed. The perforations included one spontaneous, one from erosion of an esophageal carcinoma, and one iatrogenic. In two of the three patients, the diagnosis of perforated esophagus had not been made initially and in one patient the initial esophagram was interpreted as normal. Computed tomography of the chest in each patient led to the suspected diagnosis of perforated esophagus. Prompt appropriate surgical intervention followed. The findings of mediastinal fluid and more importantly mediastinal air on CT of the chest are strongly suggestive of esophageal perforation.
The insanity plea: Szaszian ethics and epistemology

The traditional legal verdict of ‘not guilty by reason of insanity’ as well as the more recent verdict of ‘guilty but mentally ill’ rest on often unquestioned epistemological assumptions about human behavior and its causes, unjustified reliance on forensic psychiatrists, and questionable, if not deplorable ethical standards. This paper offers a critique of legal perspectives on insanity, historical and current, based on the altermative epistemological and ethical assumptions of Thomas S. Szasz. In addition, we examine Szasz's unique rhetorical analysis of ‘mental illness’ and its implications for forensic psychiatry.
Alterations in the maternal behavior of rats rearing hypothyroid and hyperthyroid offspring.

To determine whether maternal behavior could serve as a mediator for thyroid hormone effects on behavior, I assessed nesting, nursing, grooming, contact, and retrieval in mothers of hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and control litters, as well as in mothers of litters receiving thyroxine replacement therapy. Females assigned to the hypothyroid and replacement therapy treatments were placed on a goitrogenic diet of .2% propylthiouracil from Day 15 of gestation to Day 22 postpartum. Hyperthyroid and replacement therapy pups were injected daily with thyroxine starting on the day of birth. The decline in nesting and nursing was delayed in hypothyroid litters whereas the decline in nesting was accelerated in hyperthyroid litters. Retrieval was not affected, but grooming of pups occurred less frequently in hypothyroid and replacement therapy litters. Maternal care received by hypothyroid pups was considered adequate. Maternal behavior may alleviate some of the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism,, but does not seem to be responsible for the more severe effects of hypothyroidism.
Protein capture in silica nanotube membrane 3-D microwell arrays.

The microarray format has allowed for rapid and sensitive detection of thousands of analyte DNAs in a single sample, and there is considerable interest in extending this technology to protein biosensing. While glass is the most common substrate for microarrays, its binding capacity is limited because the glass surface is flat. One way to overcome this limitation is to develop arrays based on porous materials. Such “3-D” arrays can provide greater sensitivity because both the capture molecules and the analyte species they bind are immobilized throughout the thickness of the porous material. We describe here 3-D protein microarrays based on nanopore alumina membranes that contain silica nanotubes within the pores. These microarrays are prepared via a plasma-etch method using a TEM grid as the etch mask and consist of individual nanotube-containing microwells imbedded in a Ag film that coats the alumina membrane surface. We show that the microwells can be functionalized with antibodies and that these antibod...
Websheets: A Templated Online Coding Exercise System

Websheets is an online exercise system providing rigorous "fill-in-the-blank" programming exercises. It allows an instructor to quickly create exercises by writing a correct reference solution and indicating the parts to be blanked out. It is open-source and has been used successfully in Java and C++ by a half-dozen instructors and over 1000 students.
Landau theory of quantum spin glasses of rotors and Ising spins

We consider quantum rotors or Ising spins in a transverse field on a d-dimensional lattice, with random, frustrating, short-range, exchange interactions. The quantum dynamics are associated with a finite moment of inertia for the rotors, and with the transverse field for the Ising spins. For a suitable distribution of exchange constants, these models display spin-glass and quantum paramagnet phases and a zero-temperature (T) quantum transition between them. An earlier exact solution for the critical properties of a model with infinite-range interactions cna be reproduced by minimization of a Landau effective-action functional for the model in finite d with short-range interactions. The functional is expressed in terms of a composite spin field which is bilocal in time. The mean-field phase diagram near the T=0 critical point is mapped out as a function of T, strength of the quantum coupling, and applied fields. The spin-glass phase has replica symmetry breaking; but, as in the classical Ising spin glass, the order parameter becomes replica symmetric as T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0. Next we examine the consequences of fluctuations about the mean field for the critical properties. Above d=8, and with certain restrictions on the values of the Landau couplings, we find that the transition is controlled by a Gaussian fixed point with mean-field critical exponents. For couplings not attracted by the Gaussian fixed point above d=8, and for all physical couplings below d=8, we find runaway renormalization-group flows to strong coupling. General scaling relations that should be valid even at the strong-coupling fixed point are proposed and compared with Monte Carlo simulations.
High resolution ground-based astrometry of binary stars

Speckle interferometry is providing measures of binary systems with separations down to 30 milliarcsec and with accuracies an order of magnitude improved over visual techniques. Speckle imaging methods are being tailored to differential photometry of binary stars so that individual magnitudes and colors determined with accuracies of ±0.02 magnitude will be available for large numbers of systems, a prerequisite to the full utilization of these objects for fundamental astrophysics. While speckle methods have penetrated into the observational gap separating “visual” and “spectroscopic” binaries, long-baseline interferometry will completely eliminate the observational distinction of these classes of systems. With limiting resolutions of a fraction of a milliarcsecond, interferometric arrays will resolve the majority of the known spectroscopic binaries. Besides providing a wealth of newly determined masses, luminosities, and effective temperatures, arrays will also impact distance scales through the geometric determinations of distances to double-lined binaries at kpc distances.
Two Investigations Into the Influence of Incentives and Subject Characteristics on Mail Survey Responses in Teacher Education

Two investigations were conducted to examine whether incentives in crease the number of survey returns from former students and whether ideographic characteristics, incentives, and multiple mailings influence perceptions of respon dents. Sampling former students (graduates of teacher education programs) across years of experience and level of teaching did not result in response bias from these characteristics. Second, using small monetary incentives ($.25, $.50, $1.00) and a raffle for a professional journal to encourage responding to a survey was unproduc tive, whereas establishing a communication network (newsletters) with former students was productive. Third, using multiple requests to increase the number of returns did not affect item response patterns across mail-out requests. EDUCATIONAL DECISION MAKERS expend substantial resources in gathering perceptional data from students, former students, and colleagues regarding existing programs and proposed plans and experiences. This ob servation is particularly appropriate in teacher education where institutions are required to evaluate their programs in order to meet accreditation re quirements of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and state departments of education. Information-gathering ef forts that employ survey techniques often play an important role in pro viding data for academic planning and policy decisions as well (Galluzzo & Craig, 1990). Given limited resources of personnel and funds plus demand ing time schedules, the mail questionnaire often is the most feasible tech nique for obtaining survey data. Yet the validity and utility of this approach to data gathering depend on the response ratio (decimal value of individuals surveyed who complete and return the instrument) as well as response quali ty (whether respondents actually complete the returned instrument).
Causes of Velopharyngeal Incompetence

VPI is a structural or functional aberration of the velum, pharynx, or both that underlies an accompanying speech problem. The onset of VPI may occur anytime during an individual's life but is most prevalent in children between the ages of about 2 through 5 and is typically a sequela of cleft palate. The cleft is usually overt and repaired surgically during infancy but may be a submucous cleft palate in which surgical repair generally occurs later in life. VPI sometimes also accompanies a pharyngeal deficit, particularly a deep pharynx. Other important causes of VPI include various neurologic disorders and hearing loss, although the latter may be qualitatively different from the VPI attributable to other sources. This report is a discussion of these etiologies.
Lysine-based Structure in the Proregion of Procathepsin L Is the Recognition Site for Mannose Phosphorylation

The recognition of lysosomal enzymes by UDP-GlcNAc: lysosomal-enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (phosphotransferase) is mediated by a protein structure on lysosomal enzymes. It has been previously demonstrated that lysine residues are required for phosphorylation of procathepsin L and are a common feature of the site on many lysosomal proteins. In this work, the procathepsin L recognition structure was further defined by identification of the region of the protein containing the structure and the critical lysine residues involved. Removal of the cathepsin L propeptide by low pH-induced autocatalytic processing abolished phosphorylation. The addition of either the purified propeptide or a glutathione S-transferase-propeptide fusion protein to the processed protein restored phosphorylation. Mutagenesis of individual lysine residues demonstrated that two propeptide lysine residues (Lys-54 and Lys-99) were required for efficient phosphorylation of procathepsin L. By comparison of the phosphorylation rates of procathepsin L, lysine-modified procathepsin L, and the procathepsin L oligosaccharide, lysine residues were shown to account for most, if not all, of the protein-dependent interaction. On this basis, it is concluded that the proregion lysine residues are the major elements of the procathepsin L recognition site. In addition, lysine residues in cathepsin D were shown to be as important for phosphorylation as those in procathepsin L, supporting a general model of the recognition site as a specific three-dimensional arrangement of lysine residues exposed on the surface of lysosomal proteins.
A nine-base pair deletion distinguishes two En/Spm transposon alleles in maize: Their genetic activity and molecular description

Two En/Spm-transposable element alleles of the A1 locus in maize (Zea mays) are described. One of the alleles is al-m (papu), (PETERSON, 1961). The distinctive phenotype of this allele is characterized with pale and purple sectoring amidst large areas of no sectoring. The other allele, al-m (Au), appears full colored but is heavily mutating and expresses large colorless areas. These two alleles differ in the frequency of derivative products [al-m( papu)-colorless and pale exceptions vs al- m(Au)-mostly colorless exceptions]. A molecular description is provided in an attempt to explain these differences in phenotypes and derivative products. A nine-base-pair deficiency in Exon 2 of the A1 locus of the a1- m (papu) allele originated following the origin of this allele and this deficiency is likely responsible for the differential phenotypes. The possible origin of this nine-base-pair deletion is discussed. .
The effects of verapamil and a tiapamil analogue, DMDP, on adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity in P388 adriamycin-resistant and -sensitive leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

DMDP [N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-napthyl)-m-dithane-2-propylamine] a recently developed calcium antagonist analogue, caused a greatly increased intracellular retention of adriamycin and concomitant enhanced cytotoxicity in adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cells in vitro. These effects of DMDP were greater than those of another calcium channel blocker, verapamil, and occurred at one-half the dosage levels. Only slight enhancement in adriamycin toxicity was observed for either of these agents in the adriamycin-sensitive parental cell line. However, no significant therapeutic potentiation of adriamycin activity occurred with either verapamil or DMDP treatment in vivo. In vivo maximum DMDP tumor intracellular concentrations, as analyzed by HPLC, were the same in vitro tumor cell levels required to overcome adriamycin resistance. This inability to overcome drug resistance in vivo at acceptable levels of host toxicity is not only a function of maintaining necessary calcium antagonist concentrations in resistant tumor cells.
The Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) of Canada.

This paper is based largely upon specimens sent to the writer through the kindness of Dr. J. M. McDunnough in 1926 and in 1931 from the National Collection of Insects of the Department of Agriculture of Canada. Certain specimens of Chrysopidae were also sent for determination by Mr. W. Downes in 1926. Among them was a species which was being introduced into New Zealand at the request of Dr. R. J. Tillyard to help control certain aphid pests of shade trees. It was decided that there was one or two new species in the lot, but the writer did not wish to describe them as new until he had studied the types at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. This was accomplished in 1927.
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cellulosic waste

The anaerobic digestion of domestic solid waste offers an alternative source for supplemental amounts of fuel gas. Using shredded newsprint and primary sewage sludge, we have examined the use of anaerobic digestion at a thermophilic temperature (55°C) for methane production. The maximum productivity occurred at a nominal retention time of 5 days using a total solids feed of 50g/l. The rate of gas production also correlates with the ratio of propionic plus butyric acids to acetic acid in the cell-free broth; this correlation is hypothesized to be the result of higher yields of methane from anaerobic utilization of the longer-chain fatty acids. The methane content of the gas depends on the liquid flow rate; carbon dioxide is much more soluble in water than methane and, as the liquid flow rate is increased, more CO2 is removed in the liquid phase, thus enriching the methane in the gas phase.
Coronary dissection and thrombosis associated with exercise testing three months after successful coronary stenting

Exercise testing is commonly performed to assess the functional result of coronary revascularization procedures and is usually not associated with any complications. However, this report documents a rare case of coronary dissection and thrombosis, which resulted in an acute myocardial infarction, in a patient who underwent stress testing 3 months following successful coronary stent implantation.
Diffusion in surfactant solutions

Abstract The diffusion coefficients in water of Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate were measured as a function of concentration using the Taylor dispersion technique. For Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant, the diffusion coefficient drops from 7.4 × 10-7 cm2/sec at 0.45 g/liter to 6.45 x 10-7 cm2/sec at 5 g/liter. The diffusion coefficient of methyl yellow solubilized in Triton X-100 is close to that of the surfactant. This behavior is quantitatively consistent with a chemical equilibrium between monomer and micelle. For sodium dodecyl sulfate, an anionic surfactant, the diffusion coefficient increases from 1.76 x 10-6 cm2/sec at 0.01 M to 4.53 x 10-6 cm2/sec at 0.125 M. The increase is less when 0.1 M NaCl is added. The diffusion coefficient of the methyl yellow solubilized by the SDS is significantly less than that of the surfactant, particularly at low ionic strength. This behavior can be quantitatively explained by including electrostatic coupling between monomer, micelle, and counterion.
The Membrane Domain of SpoIIIE Is Required for Membrane Fusion during Bacillus subtilis Sporulation

During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, SpoIIIE is required for both postseptational chromosome segregation and membrane fusion after engulfment. Here we demonstrate that SpoIIIE must be present in the mother cell to promote membrane fusion and that the N-terminal membrane-spanning segments constitute a minimal membrane fusion domain, as well as direct septal localization.
Biological pathway selection through nonlinear dimension reduction

S UMMARY In the analysis of high-throughput biological data, it is often believed that the biological units such as genes behave interactively by groups, that is, pathways in our context. It is conceivable that utilization of priorly available pathway knowledge would greatly facilitate both interpretation and estimation in statistical analysis of such high-dimensional biological data. In this article, we propose a 2-step procedure for the purpose of identifying pathways that are related to and influence the clinical phenotype. In the first step, a nonlinear dimension reduction method is proposed, which permits flexible within-pathway gene interactions as well as nonlinear pathway effects on the response. In the second step, a regularized model-based pathway ranking and selection procedure is developed that is built upon the summary features extracted from the first step. Simulations suggest that the new method performs favorably compared to the existing solutions. An analysis of a glioblastoma microarray data finds 4 pathways that have evidence of support from the biological literature.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of postpartum aborting large intracavitary leiomyoma.

Intracavitary leiomyomas represent a subtype of submucous leiomyomas and rarely are seen as a prolapsing or aborting leiomyoma. 1,2 In a study of 1785 women undergoing abdominal surgery for uterine leiomyomas, Smith and colleagues 3 noted that the prevalence of prolapsing submucous leiomyomas was 2.7%. We describe an unusual case in which a previously considered intramural leiomyoma was associated with prolonged postpartum hemorrhage and was diagnosed correctly with transvaginal ultrasonography as a large aborting submucous intracavitary leiomyoma in a woman presenting with fever, persistent uterine bleeding, and lower abdominal pain.
Successful treatment of new onset Wegener’s granulomatosis with IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) during pregnancy: a case report

We describe a patient with limited Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) presenting during pregnancy with aggressive cutaneous involvement. She was treated with a combination of high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) during her third trimester. The patient had otherwise uneventful pregnancy and a satisfactory outcome for both herself and her newborn. In the English literature, prior to this report, there have been de novo cases of WG in pregnant women that were diagnosed and treated during pregnancy and three cases of WG treated successfully with IVIG during pregnancy.
A Note on Bayesian Inference After Multiple Imputation

This article is aimed at practitioners who plan to use Bayesian inference on multiply-imputed datasets in settings where posterior distributions of the parameters of interest are not approximately Gaussian. We seek to steer practitioners away from a naive approach to Bayesian inference, namely estimating the posterior distribution in each completed dataset and averaging functionals of these distributions. We demonstrate that this approach results in unreliable inferences. A better approach is to mix draws from the posterior distributions from each completed dataset, and use the mixed draws to summarize the posterior distribution. Using simulations, we show that for this second approach to work well, the number of imputed datasets should be large. In particular, five to ten imputed datasets—which is the standard recommendation for multiple imputation—is generally not enough to result in reliable Bayesian inferences.
On the power of clause-learning SAT solvers as resolution engines

In this work, we improve on existing results on the relationship between proof systems obtained from conflict-driven clause-learning SAT solvers and general resolution. Previous contributions such as those by Beame et al. (2004), Hertel et al. (2008), and Buss et al. (2008) demonstrated that variations on conflict-driven clause-learning SAT solvers corresponded to proof systems as powerful as general resolution. However, the models used in these studies required either an extra degree of non-determinism or a preprocessing step that is not utilized by state-of-the-art SAT solvers in practice. In this paper, we prove that conflict-driven clause-learning SAT solvers yield proof systems that indeed p-simulate general resolution without the need for any additional techniques. Moreover, we show that our result can be generalized to certain other practical variations of the solvers, which are based on different learning schemes and restart policies.
A 1mm 3 2Mbps 330fJ/b transponder for implanted neural sensors

An implanted fully-integrated 65nm CMOS 1.1mm × 1.1mm × 0.8mm remotely-powered wireless transponder for implantable neural sensors provides 5uW for sensor interfaces, while consuming 3uW and transmitting 2Mbps at 330fJ/b without violating exposure limitations. This is accomplished by combining a time-multiplexed power and data transmission scheme with a reflective impulse transmitter architecture.