cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bovine serum albumin—GABA-His-Pro-NH2: An immunogen for production of higher affinity antisera for TRH

Abstract Dissatisfaction with current methods for the production of immunogens for raising antisera to TRH stimulated us to synthesize the hapten, GABA-His-Pro-NH2. Coupling of this hapten to bovine serum albumin at a molar ratio of 18:1 by means of a water-soluble carbodiimide produced an immunogen which stimulated the rapid production in New Zealand white rabbits of antisera with an affinity (2.42 ± 0.3 × 1091/mol) for TRH, some 8-fold higher than that of antisera (0.33 ± 0.03 × 109 1/mol) raised by immunization with a conjugate produced by the currently accepted bis-diazotized-benzidine bridging technique. These higher affinity antibodies when used in a standard TRH radioimmunoassay permitted the detection of less than 1/pg of TRH per assay tube and showed an extremely low affinity for the two major metabolites of TRH, p-Glu-His-Pro-COOH and His-Pro diketopiperazine (Ka 4.84 × 104 and 4.0 × 104 1/mol, respectively). Application of this newer radioimmunoassay to the measurement of TRH in brain tissue yielded measurements of TRH content similar to those determined by current RIA methods. Chromatography of whole crude brain extracts revealed one major immunoreactive peak corresponding to authentic TRH. We conclude that immunization of rabbits with this hapten rapidly produces antisera with a high affinity for TRH suitable for the development of a very sensitive TRH radioimmunoassay.
Isolation and characterization of ovine serum alkaline phosphatases.

Summary The ovine serum alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phospho-hydrolase, EC 3.1.3.1) isozymes A, B, and C were fractionated by gel nitration on Sephadex G-zoo and by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Alkaline phosphatase activity was confined to the middle peak of the Sephadex G-200 chromatogram. Sephadex G-200 had an exclusion value of 200 000, and it is concluded that the alkaline phosphatases have a molecular size not exceeding the average molecular size of molecules with molecular weight 200 000. The B-phosphatase was almost entirely confined to sera from sheep of blood group O. However, the majority (68.5 %) of blood-group O substance in O-serum was found in the first peak of the Sephadex G-200 chromatogram, whereas only 17.9% of this substance was found in the second peak. It is likely, that therefore, the alkaline phosphatase isozymes in serum do not exist in a complex with blood-group O substance. The K m′ values for p -nitrophenyl phosphate were found to be quite different for the A- and B-phosphatases. The PO 4 8− -inhibition was non-competitive, and the mechanism involved in this phenomenon is discussed; it is suggested that the inhibition might be due to reactivity at an allosteric site which would be consonant with the observation of non-competitive inhibition by phosphate in the presence of excess Mg 2+ . The L -phenylalanine inhibition was higher for O-serum than for R-serum, 70% and 56% inhibition respectively, suggesting an intestinal origin of the B-phosphatase. EDTA inhibited both O- and R-serum 100%. Some SO 4 2− -inhibition (non-competitive) was noted with both O- and R-sera.
Degradation of citric acid in a simulated, mixed nuclear waste: Radiolytic versus chemical forces

Abstract Our laboratory investigated the effect(s) of radiolysis and waste chemistry on the stability of citrate in a nonradioactive simulant of a mixed waste, formulated to mimic a complex concentrate waste stored at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. The parent compound citrate and any degradation products formed were analyzed as methyl esters by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In general, citrate proved to be sensitive to both waste radiolysis and chemistry, but in different ways. Gamma irradiation of the simulant in a 60 Co source produced extensive citrate degradation (58.6% after only 100 h), but yielded only one degradation product, the complexor fragment propanedioic acid. In contrast, chemo-degradation of citrate in the simulant was slower (64% after 180 days), but was more diverse, yielding several complexor fragments (ethanedioic, propanedioic, and butanoic acids), along with traces of other mono- and dicarboxylic acids. Ethanedioic acid dominated in the chemo-degradation study; propanedioic acid was much less abundant, unlike the radiolysis study. Radiolysis resulted in dispersive organic degradation; 41.4% of the waste's total organic content (TOC) disappeared after 100 h of irradiation. In contrast, chemo-degradation of citrate appears to be fairly constant over most of the 180-day study, with the TOC loss averaging 17.6%. Citrate degradation will undoubtedly have an impact on the management of mixed wastes.
Simulation of Sandsage-Bluestem Forage Growth Under Varying Stocking Rates

The effect of stocking rate on forage growth has attracted much research attention in forage science. Findings show that forage growth may be affected by stocking rate, and there is a consensus that high stocking rates lead to soil compaction, which could also in turn affect forage growth because of the changing soil hydrology and increased soil impedance to forage root penetration. In this study we used a modeling approach to investigate the effect of stocking rates on the growth of sand-bluestem forage at Fort Supply, Oklahoma. The GPFARM-Range model, which was originally developed and validated for Cheyenne, Wyoming, was recalibrated and enhanced to simulate soil compaction effects on forage growth at Fort Supply. Simulations without the consideration of soil compaction effects overestimated the forage growth under high stocking rate conditions (mean bias [MBE] 52 591 kg ? ha 21 ), and the agreement between the simulated and observed forage growth was poor (Willmott’s d 5 0.47). The implementation in the model of soil compaction effects associated with high stocking rates reduced the bias (MBE 52 222 kg ? ha 21 ) and improved the overall agreement between the observed and the simulated forage growth (d 5 0.68). It was concluded that forage growth under increasing soil compaction could be predicted provided such sensitivities are included in forage growth models.
Uncertainty and the theory of international trade in long-run equilibrium☆

Abstract We consider a country with two factors and two industries, each of which faces technical and price uncertainty. Entrepreneurs choose outputs in order to maximize the expected utility of profits. They also draw factor payments and purchase consumption goods after the uncertainty isresolved. They enter and exit from an industry according to whether participation there increases their expected utility. Within this model, the validity of the propositions of neoclassical trade theory depends on how the entrepreneurs' entry decisions are affected by parameter changes via their roles as risk bearers, consumers and factor owners.
Resistance to Wheat Curl Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Greenbug-Resistant ‘Gaucho’ Triticale and ‘Gaucho’ X Wheat Crosses

Greenbug-resistant “Insave F.A.” rye, “Gaucho” triticale, and crosses of Gaucho x wheat. Sel. 74G80-2 and Sel. 74G559-6, were compared with wheat cultivars for their reaction to the wheat curl mite, Eriophyes tulipae Keifer, the vector of wheat streak mosaic virus. It was previously observed that rye generally is more resistant to the mite than wheat. In our study, Gaucho, which is the product of an Insave F.A. rye X ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat cross, and wheat lines derived from Gaucho X wheat crosses, showed a high degree of resistance to the mite, whereas the susceptible entries exhibited severe mite damage symptoms including leaf curling and trapping and large numbers of mites. The wheat streak mosaic virus was transmitted to all test entries by heavy initial infestations of viruliferous mites. Light infestations of 5 mites per plant did not result in disease symptoms, except in mite-susceptible entries. The results also indicate that the source of wheat curl mite resistance in ‘TAM 107’ wheat, widely planted in wheat streak virus-prone areas of the Great Plains, traces back to Gaucho triticale.
Biochemical basis of radiation-sensitivity in mutants of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract The available UV-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa were examined for their ability to excise and photoreactive cytosine-containing dimers invivo . All strains exhibited in vivo photoreactivation, including upr-1 , which was originally thought to be deficient in photoreactivation. Two strains, uvs-2 and upr-1 were shown to be deficient in excision repair; uvs-3 was shown to contain a residual amount of excision capabilit. The remaining strains, uvs-1, uvs-5 , and uvs-6 , were normal in their ability to excise dimers. Based on these results, tentative analogies were drawn between the Neurospora mutants and the known classes of UV-sensitive mutants in E. coli . Accordingly, the N. crassa mutants were classified as uvs-1, -lon; uvs-2, -uvr; uvs-3, -uvr (rec?); uvs-5, -lon; uvs-6, -rec ; and upr-1, -uvr . A comparison was made between the biochemical responses and the available published data on mutation induction in the Neurospora mutants. Althoughsome relationships were seen between repair defects and mutation induction, too little data were available for any definitive conclusions.
Comparative Effects of Horse Serum, Horse Serum Albumin and Horse Serum Globulin in Experimental Shock.

SummaryHorse serum albumin solution is effective in raising and maintaining the blood pressures of dogs subjected to severe hemorrhage. Equally effective is whole serum from the horse. However, horse serum globulin solution is much less effective in this respect and appears to be more toxic.
Kinetic isotope effect in direct ethane dissociation on Pt(111)

Supersonic molecular beam techniques were used to study the dynamics of direct C2H6 and C2D6 dissociation on Pt(111). The initial dissociation probabilities for both isotopes, S0(C2H6 and S0(C2D6), increased with normal translational energy, En, over the entire range of En studied. A significant normal kinetic isotope effect was observed; the ratio S0(C2H6/S0(C2D6) decreased from 2.7 to 1.6 as En was increased from 80 to 118 kJmol. A one-dimensional quantum mechanical tunneling model based on an Eckart potential barrier quantitatively accounts for these observations. After correcting for translational energy dissipation to the lattice, the extracted barrier heights, V0, and widths, L, are 123 kJmol, 1.1 A and 130 kJmol, 1.1 A for C2H6, and C2D6, respectively. The larger barrier height for the direct dissociation of C2D6 relative to C2H6 can be attributed to differences in zero point energy for C-H(D) stretching motion. Neither. S0(C2H6) nor S0(C2D6) exhibited a dependence on nozzle temperature in these experiments suggesting that excitation of the normal vibrational motions of methyl rocking and deformation, C-C stretching and torsion do not promote direct ethane dissociation on Pt(111) under these experimental conditions.
Enhanced wear resistance of gamma-irradiated PTFE and FEP polymers and the effect of post-irradiation environmental handling

The wear resistance of bulk polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) fluoropolymer pin samples when sliding against polished steel countersurfaces is shown to be improved by over two orders of magnitude through the use of gamma irradiation. Wear rates were found to drop monotonically with increasing irradiation dose for both PTFE and FEP, with PTFE having a stronger dose response achieving two order-of-magnitude wear rate reduction within a 5 Mrad dose while FEP required a 30 Mrad dose to achieve similar reductions. Possible wear reduction mechanisms of irradiated fluoropolymers via crosslinking and scission are discussed. Though the effect of environment was less clear for PTFE, post-irradiation heated vacuum storage intended to enhance crosslinking further increased the wear resistance of FEP while accelerated aging potentially causing oxidative scission resulted in partial loss of radiation-induced wear resistance.
PROGRESS IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PHYTOGEOGRAPHY: AN INTRODUCTION

The problem of Northern Hemisphere plant geography was framed long ago by the observation of striking floristic similarities between eastern North America and eastern Asia. Of primary importance was the work of Asa Gray, who produced a series of detailed comparisons of these floras (see Li 1952; Boufford and Spongberg 1983; Wen 1999). During the past several decades, two major symposia, “Floristics and Paleofloristics of Asia and Eastern North America” (Graham 1972) and “Biogeographical Relationships between Temperate Eastern Asia and Temperate Eastern North America” (Davidse 1983), served to highlight both the nature of the problem and the variety of approaches used to examine intercontinental discontinuities in plants. Not long afterward, two landmark papers by Tiffney (1985a, 1985b) provided a synthesis of paleobotanical and neobotanical data in the context of a dynamic view of Earth history and emphasized floristic exchange via both the North Atlantic and the Bering Land Bridges. In this context, Tiffney (1985b, p. 73) noted that “three-area tests of the variety suggested by cladistic biogeographers need to be made and analyzed to determine whether the eastern Asia–eastern North American similarity is a unique pattern or simply a distinctive subset of a larger pattern.” Over the last two decades we have witnessed remarkable progress in elucidating phylogenetic relationships at all levels, and the number of phylogenies of Northern Hemisphere plant clades has grown to the point that meaningful comparisons are now feasible. Furthermore, there have been major developments in the theory of biogeography as well as in our knowledge of relevant fossils and Earth-history events. The symposium from which the articles in this volume emerged was part of the Botany 2000 meetings in Portland, Oregon. It was designed to create a forum for new analyses of the Northern Hemisphere problem, bringing together a set of paleobotanists and phylogeneticists who have concentrated on relevant areas and plant groups. The goal was to provide a focal point for investigators working from various perspectives on reconstructing relationships among the major areas of endemism and to identify key events that might be responsible for observed patterns of diversity and disjunction. The analyses presented here represent the initial steps toward assembling a modern synthesis based on phylogenetic knowledge, fossil distributions, estimates of sequence diver
The use of gold in construction of mandibular denture bases.

Abstract The use of gold in mandibular denture base construction will reduce the base deformation across the midline of the lower denture. It should be emphasized that a gold casting incorporated within the mandibular denture base is not meant to satisfy the multitude of patient problems associated with complete denture prosthodontics. However, it can be a valuable technique among the many already available for fulfilling the requirements of comfort, function, and satisfaction for some patients.
A Constitutive Active MEK → ERK Pathway Negatively Regulates NF-κB-dependent Gene Expression by Modulating TATA-binding Protein Phosphorylation

Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression is regulated, in part, by NF-κB. We have shown that both the ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are necessary for cytokine gene transcription and that the p38 MAP kinase is required for NF-κB-driven transcription, so we hypothesized that the MEK → ERK pathway regulated NF-κB-driven transcription as well. We found that a constitutive active MEK → ERK pathway inhibited NF-κB-driven transcription. In addition, both PD 98059 and a dominant negative ERK2 augmented NF-κB-driven transcription; however, neither PD 98059 nor MEK1 altered NF-κB activation at any level. The constitutive active MEK → ERK pathway inhibited the phosphorylation of TBP, which is necessary for both interaction with RelA and binding to the TATA box. Due to the fact that we have shown that the p38 MAP kinase modulates TBP activation, we evaluated the effect of the constitutive active MEK → ERK pathway on p38 MAP kinase activity. We found that the MEK → ERK pathway negatively regulates NF-κB-driven transcription, in part, by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase activity. Thus, the ERK and p38 MAP kinases have differential effects on NF-κB-driven transcription.
CONSERVATIVE EXTENSIONS OF MODELS OF ARITHMETIC

We give two characterizations of conservative extensions of models of arithmetic, in terms of the existence and uniqueness of certain amalgamations with other models. We also establish a connection between conservativity and some combinatorial properties of ultrafilter mappings.
Evidence of a Surface-Mediated Magnetically Induced Miscibility Gap in Co-Pt Alloy Thin Films

(100) and (111) oriented single-crystal CoPt{sub 3} films were deposited over a range of growth temperatures from {minus}50 to 800 {degree}C. The Curie temperature is increased by 200 {degree}C over the value expected for the homogeneous alloy in the as-deposited films (of both orientations) grown near 400 {degree}C. We interpret this as evidence for a previously unobserved, surface-mediated, magnetically driven miscibility gap in vapor-deposited CoPt{sub 3} films. Large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is also observed in the as-deposited films (of both orientations) grown near 400 {degree}C.
Optimal Cooperative Power-Limited Rendezvous Between Neighboring Circular Orbits

A minimum-fuel rendezvous of two power-limited spacecraft is investigated. Both vehicles are active and provide thrust to complete the rendezvous. Total propellant consumption is minimized. Analytical solutions are obtained for cooperative rendezvous in the linearized Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire gravity field. The optimal solutions depend in a complicated way on the power-to-mass ratios of the spacecraft, the initial orbits, and the specified transfer time. For comparison purposes, analytical solutions for active-passive rendezvous in the linearized gravity field are also determined. Cooperative rendezvous requires smaller total propellant consumption, resulting in greater payload capability.
The magnetic field of Jupiter: A generalized inverse approach

The estimation of planetary magnetic fields from observations of the magnetic field gathered along a spacecraft flyby trajectory is examined with the aid of generalized inverse techniques, with application to the internal magnetic field of Jupiter. Model non-uniqueness resulting from the limited spatial extent of the observations and noise on the data is explored and quantitative estimates of the model parameter resolution are found. The presence of a substantial magnetic field of external origin due to the currents flowing in the Jovian magnetodisc is found to be an important source of error in estimates of the internal Jovian field, and new models explicitly incorporating these currents are proposed. New internal field models are derived using the vector helium magnetometer observations and the high field fluxgate observations of Pioneer 11, and knowledge of the external current system gained from the Pioneer 10 and Voyagers 1 and 2 encounters.
Investing in Peace: The Motivational Dynamics of Diaspora Investment in Post-Conflict Economies

Post-conflict economies often prove daunting for foreign investors. Many of these nations are reaching out to diasporans, emigrants, and their descendants living abroad, for much-needed foreign investment capital. Little is known about why diasporans invest in their countries of origin. Recent scholarly inquiry regarding investment decision making has suggested that non-pecuniary, psychological concerns often motivate investment decisions. We develop a conceptual model identifying three types of investment return expectations – financial, emotional, and those related to social status – that may drive diaspora investment interest. We contend that the psychological realities and social-status structure of the diaspora experience generate greater salience for non-pecuniary investment motivations, particularly when the origin country emerges from a period of conflict. We outline an agenda for future research and discuss the implications of our model for policies seeking to promote peace utilizing diaspora investment.
Causes and Penalties of Variation: Case Study of a Precast Concrete Slab Production Facility

Concrete precast plants require strict control over and adherence to the timing and sequence of operations. Variation for this research is divided into the variation in task starting time (the difference between the planned and the actual starting time) and the variation in task duration (the difference between the planned and the actual task duration). This study determined causes of variation in task starting time and duration of precast concrete slab production tasks. It also identified penalties associated with not reducing variation, which include an increase in project duration, Work in-Progress (WIP) and cost and a decrease in labor productivity. Additionally, two execution policies (keeping laborers waiting before preconditions are ready and keeping laborers busy) in the face of variation were compared by using STROBOSCOPE simulation techniques. It was found that simply keeping workers busy is insufficient for managing variation. Management effort should be devoted to eliminate causes of variation in the planning stage to make a reliable work plan. The results will help prefabricators to understand causes and penalties of variation, which is the starting point of attacking and reducing it. Although this study is based on a concrete slab production facility, this research can have a broader effect on the construction industry because the research method and simulation models developed in this study are applicable to other fabrication processes as well.
The persistence of a microbial flora during postembryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster

The “infection” mechanism whereby bacteria on the surface of the egg of Drosophila melanogaster “infect” larvae has been indirectly determined to result from young larvae eating the chorion (or off the chorion) of the egg. There was no evidence that bacteria occur within the egg. A bacterial flora was shown to persist through larval and pupal development in two wild-type stocks of Drosophila having different gram-positive floras. Further studies with an Escherichia coli-infected stock have shown that E. coli persists during the development of the insect only when monoxenic; it is replaced within 1 week after exposure to normal flora. Bacteria may be excluded from the developing imago about the time of hypoderm formation, although adult flies removed from all contamination except that present in the pupal case did maintain a bacterial flora. The two wild-type stocks were monoxenically infected with a member of their own flora, or with a foreign bacterium, or were left axenic. The length of the larval period in the stocks of Drosophila used was significantly shorter when they were infected with a member of their own flora than it was when they were axenic. The length of the larval period when stocks were monoxenically infected with a foreign bacterium was significantly longer than when a member of the normal flora was present. Studies of eggs removed from females under sterile conditions indicate that contamination of the chorion surface occurs via the feces. The persistence of bacteria in all stages of development, the inability of E. coli to remain with these stocks, and the shortened developmental time in the presence of normal flora suggests that the microbial flora studied is mutualistically symbiotic, and may be genetically determined.
Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Geriatric Women

Surgical treatments have a limited role in the treatment of geriatric urinary incontinence. Patterns of problems exist with incontinence, including pelvic support defects and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Each of the major elements must be treated to achieve the best outcomes. Urodynamic testing should be used to confirm the cause of incontinence before selecting a surgical procedure. Minimally invasive procedures include periurethral collagen injections.
The isolation and amino acid composition of two peptides from chymotryptic digests of β-lactoglobulins A and B

Abstract Short-term chymotryptic digests have been carried out with β-lactoglobulins A and B, performic acid-oxidized and S-sulfonated derivatives. Differences in the peptide patterns have been found after high-voltage electrophoresis only when disulfide bonds were previously cleaved. Two peptides have been isolated from chymotryptic digests of S-sulfonated β-lactoglobulins, and their amino acid compositions have been determined to be as follows: For the peptide from the β-A derivative: Asp 2 , Thr 1 , Glu 4 , Pro 1 , Ala 3 , Val 1 , Ileu 2 , Phe 1 , 1 2 Cys 1 , Lys 4 ; and for the peptide from β-B: Asp 1 , Thr 1 , Glu 4 , Pro 1 , Ala 3 , Val 1 , Ileu 2 , Phe 1 , 1 2 Cys 1 , Lys 4 , Gly 1 . The sole difference lies in the aspartic acid-glycine content. The valine-alanine difference in β-lactoglobulins A and B remains unaccounted for in the present study.
Distribution of myo‐Inositol in the Cat Cochlear Nucleus

The distribution of myo-inositol, a substance that has been implicated in synaptic transmission, has been mapped within sections of the cat cochlear nucleus as well as some nearby regions. Highest values in the cochlear nucleus were found in regions of granule cells along the periphery of the anteroventral subdivision of the nucleus. Highest values overall were found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar flocculus. A fairly good correlation was found between myo-inositol levels and activities of the enzymes of acetylcholine metabolism in the cat cochlear nucleus, supporting the possibility that myo-inositol may be involved in cholinergic synaptic transmission. No positive correlation was found between myo-inositol levels and the levels of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The most striking gradient of myo-inositol levels within a region was found in the auditory nerve, where different myo-inositol levels might be related to nerve fibers innervating different parts of the cochlea. The distribution of scyllo-inositol, a stereoisomer of myo-inositol, was also examined, and found to parallel closely the distribution of myo-inositol, with levels 4--5% as high.
Light Source, Excitation, and High Temperature Cell Assembly for Raman Spectroscopy

A Toronto-style light source and the excitation circuit designed for use with a Hilger E612 recording Raman spectrometer in this laboratory are described. The electrical circuits and accessories are designed for automatic or manual start and with safety devices for protection in event of various component failures. For measurements on specimens at elevated temperatures, a simple cell assembly capable of use at temperatures up to 575°C with a gradient of not more than ±5°C at the maximum temperature limit is described.
Association between quasars and Abell clusters of different types

Abstract Using the all-sky HB catalogue of quasars and ACO catalogue of clusters of galaxies as material, I examined the association between the quasars and the clusters of different types and found that the character of association is different for different types of clusters. Two-sample KS test confirmed that the quasars that are correlated (or anticorrelated) with the Abell clusters do not come from the same population as all quasars, thus showing the association (positive or negative) to be real and not caused by projection effects. Further calculations showed that a density enhancement factor of q = 1.089 applies to the quasars that are associated with D ≤ 4 Abell clusters, and that R ≥ 2 Abell clusters produce an absorption of A B = 0.09 mag on the surrounding quasars.
Reactions of iron(II) nucleotide complexes with hydrogen peroxide

The rate constants for the reactions of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous complexes of ATP, ADP, UTP, citrate and pyrophosphate were measured at pH 7.2. These ligands are potential chelators of iron(II) in the low-molecular weight iron pool that may catalyze oxidative degradation of tissues. The second-order rate constants range from 5.5 × 103 M−1s−1 (UTP) to 1 × 105 M−1s−1 (pyrophosphate) at pH 7.2. The kinetic dependences of the ATP reaction are consistent with a mechanism involving a ‘ferryl’ (FeIV) transient which decays to the hydroxyl radical and ferric ATP.
Isolated heart responsiveness to beta-simulation after exercise training in obesity.

PURPOSE Exercise training results in many health benefits, but few studies have focused on whether exercise training might attenuate the adverse effects of obesity on heart function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training attenuated obesity-related decreases in systolic contractile function in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, using the rabbit model of obesity. METHODS Female New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: lean sedentary, lean exercise-trained, obese sedentary, and obese exercise-trained. Obese rabbits were fed an ad libitum high-fat diet. Exercise-trained rabbits underwent a 12-wk progressive treadmill exercise training protocol. After 12 wk, the Langendorff isolated heart method was used to study developed pressure, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt responses to increasing concentrations of isoproterenol (10(-9)--3 x 10(-7) M). Log concentration-response data were fit to a sigmoidal function, using a four-parameter (minimum, maximum, EC(50), slope) logistic equation. Groups were compared using a 2 x 2 analysis of variance. RESULTS Although obesity shifted the concentration-response curves for developed pressure, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt to the right as indicated by an increase in the EC(50) (P < or = 0.05), there was no effect of exercise training on any of the logistic regression parameters. EC(50) (log M) values for combined lean versus combined obese were -8.50 +/- 0.7 vs -8.20 +/- 0.09 (developed pressure), -8.04 +/- 0.06 vs -7.68 +/- 0.07 (+dP/dt), and -8.17 +/- 0.07 vs -7.91 +/- 0.09 (-dP/dt). CONCLUSION These results confirm the negative effect of obesity on responsiveness of the isolated heart to beta-adrenergic stimulation but indicate that exercise training does not significantly attenuate obesity-related changes.
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Scaling of the Height of the Convective Boundary Layer and Fractal Structure of Cumulus Cloud Fields

We present the cumulative frequency-area distribution of tropical cumulus clouds as observed from satellite and space shuttle images from scales of 0.1 to 1000 km. The distribution is a power-law function of area with exponent $\ensuremath{-}0.8$. We show that this result and the fractal dimension of cloud perimeters implies that the top of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is a self-affine interface with roughness exponent or Hausdorff measure $H\ensuremath{\approx}0.4$, the same value as that of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in $2+1$ dimensions. In addition, we identify dynamic scaling in a time series of the local altitude of the top of the CBL as measured with FM/CW radar backscatter intensity. A possible growth model is discussed.
Individualized point systems with a chronic schizophrenic: Component analysis and management in the natural environment

Abstract Inpatient and outpatient management of a chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patient is described. A component analysis of his inpatient token economy program indicated that contingent points and staff attention were both necessary to maintain social interaction. These results were employed in the development of a behavioral contract between the patient and his family which was effective in outpatient management.
Modified Tikhoff-Linberg Procedure for Posterior Chest Wall Sarcoma

The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure was originally described more than 80 years ago as a limb-sparing surgical option for malignancies involving the shoulder girdle. However, involvement of the chest wall was a contraindication, consigning patients to either amputation or shoulder disarticulation. With the addition of prosthetic and autologous tissue reconstruction of the chest wall, this procedure is a viable option for an extended group of patients. The modified procedure offers an excellent functional result, leaving the patient with a fully functional arm and hand.
Relationship Between Breaking Strength and the Percent of Egg Shell

Abstract DIFFERENCES in the amount of shell of eggs due to differences in rations or management factors with reference to sunlight or irradiation have been reported by a number of investigators. Hughes, Payne, and Latshaw (1924 and 1925) found that the irradiation of hens confined without access to direct sunlight resulted in eggs with 44 percent heavier shells. Hart and co-workers (1925) report eggs with heavier shells and of higher calcium content as a result of irradiating hens confined without access to direct sunlight. Taylor and Martin (1928) found that confined hens which were irradiated and hens which had access to direct sunlight laid eggs which had a higher percent of shell than eggs produced by hens without either irradiation or sunlight. Morgan, Mitchell, and Roderick (1930) found a slight but measurable difference in the percent of egg shell due to the addition of cod liver oil to a standard ration . . .
An Investigation of Sex-Role stereotypes in African Americans

The theoretical literature exploring both sex-role classification and sex-role stereotypes in African Americans is scanty. In most cases, when these constructs are studied, and even when African Americans are considered to constitute an independent cultural group, the theoretical framework is still Euro-American. In addition, African Americans are still most often researched in comparison to Euro-Americans. The consistent evaluation of African Americans on Euro-American dimensions presents many problems. One very serious problem is that such comparisons typically neglect the cultural integrity of African Americans. Consequently, the focus of the research question and discussion of the findings are based on a Euro-American perspective. This ultimately leaves the African American misunderstood and quite often labeled as deviant and/or deficient. The limitations of this approach, accompanied by numerous contradictory empirical findings, have made drawing conclusions about African Americans and sex-role stereotypes quite difficult. Nevertheless, a few theorists have spoken to the notion of sexrole classification and African Americans (Ani, 1994; HarperBolton, 1982; Lewis, 1975; Nobles, 1974; Peters, 1988; Reid, 1985; T'Shaka, 1995). From these theorists' perspectives on sexrole classification and African Americans, and from the available data on African Americans and sex-role stereotypes, we can begin
Clinical results of irradiation combined with local hyperthermia

This report updates a previous publication describing the experience at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology with irradiation and hyperthermia in the treatment of superficial metastatic and recurrent malignant tumors. In a dose-seeking Phase I-II clinical study, a total of 101 lesions have been treated. Twenty-two tumors were treated with doses of irradiation ranging from 1000 to 3000 rad and the rest with doses between 3000 and 4000 rad. Irradiation was delivered twice weekly (every 72 hours) in tumor doses of 400 rad, usually with electrons (9–16 MeV). Hyperthermia was initiated within 30 minutes following irradiation, most of the patients being treated with 915 MHz microwaves, 41–43°C, for 60–90 minutes every 72 hours. Adequate temperatures were reached in most lesions measuring less than 2 cm in thickness, 70% of those 2–4 cm and only in 30% of those thicker than 4 cm. Of 36 measurable lesions in the head and neck, 20 had a complete response and 12 a partial response. In 16 of the 20 patients (80%) showing a complete response the tumor was controlled from three to 36 months. Of 30 adenocarcinoma of the breast lesions, recurrent in the chest wall, 16 showed a complete response and 9 a partial regression. Twelve of the 16 lesions that regressed completely (71.4%) showed long-lasting tumor control. Of 22 metastatic or recurrent melanoma lesions, 16 had a complete regression and six a partial response. Of the 16 patients with complete response, 13 (81%) had no evidence of recurrence lasting from three to 36 months. Three sarcoma lesions responded well to the combination of irradiation and heat and did not recur after treatment. Patients treated with doses larger than 3000 rad in the head and neck or in the chest wall (epidermoid carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, respectively) showed better tumor response than those treated with lower doses. However, in melanoma satisfactory results (80% or higher response) were observed with doses as low as 2000 rad. This combined therapy has been well tolerated by the normal tissues. In 6% of the patients there was evidence of tumor necrosis with ulceration and in 5% thermal burns which healed after 2 to 3 months, with conservative management. Subcutaneous fibrosis and some skin atrophy developed in about one third of the patients, probably due to the additional doses of irradiation delivered after previous definitive radiotherapy. These preliminary observations suggest enhanced tumor response and control after moderate doses of irradiation and hyperthermia. Efforts must be intensified to develop adequate equipment to satisfactorily produce heat and to measure temperatures in clinical settings, thus paving the way for appropriately designed clinical trials to test the efficacy of hyperthermia in patients with deep seated lesions and advanced primary tumors.
Diasporic Memberships in Historical Perspective: Comparative Insights from the Mexican, Italian and Polish Cases

This article compares the evolution of diaspora-sending state relations for Mexico, Italy, and more briefly, Poland during their peak periods of out migration. I argue that sending-state diaspora relations evolve through the state's changing relations with the global system, their domestic politics, and migrants' ability to act politically with respect to the homeland. This research shows the state helping to create diasporic or transnational space. It also contributes to the analytical work of fleshin out examples of transnational life in history, and examines a case (the Polish one) where the global system and other conditions combine to overwhelm transnational life.
Speech Compression by Polynomial Approximation

Methods for speech compression aim at reducing the transmission bit rate while preserving the quality and intelligibility of speech. These objectives are antipodal in nature since higher compression presupposes preserving less information about the original speech signal. This paper presents a method for compressing speech based on polynomial approximations of the trajectories in time of various speech features (i.e., spectrum, gain, and pitch). The compression method can be integrated into frame-based speech coders, and can also be applied to features that can be represented as temporal series greater in duration than the frame interval. Theoretical issues and experimental results regarding this type of compression are addressed in this paper. Experimental implementation into a 2400 b/s standard speech coder is reported along with objective and subjective evaluations of operation in various noise environments. The new speech coder operates at a transmission rate of 1533 b/s, and for all noisy conditions tested performs better than the 2400 b/s standard speech coder
Interference with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence

Epidemiological, pathological, and genetic studies indicate that most colorectal cancers arise in benign neoplastic polyps (adenomas). The likelihood of malignant change increases with adenoma size and volume of villous tissue. Adenomas are monoclonal products of a single stem cell mutation. Acquired genetic mutations and chromosomal deletions that occur late in the polyp-cancer sequence have been well described, although the initiating events leading to micro-adenoma formation are still unknown. Both inherited and environmental factors are implicated. Although the evidence in support of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence is indirect, it is compelling. Chemoprevention trials have not yet identified effective methods of primary prevention. Colonoscopic resection of adenomas (secondary prevention) plus post-polypectomy surveillance markedly decreases the incidence of colorectal cancer.
A biocultural perspective on health and household economy in southern Peru.

This article presents a biocultural approach to human health that integrates perspectives from anthropological political economy, ecology, and human adaptability. This approach frames local conditions in relation to macrohistorical forces, and focuses on the social relations that underlie health and responses to illness. It examines the coping responses of human agents operating with a “conditional rationality,” and the multiple consequences to these responses. The approach is illustrated with results from a study on the relationship between health and household economy among small-scale farmers of the Nunoa District in the southern Peruvian Andes. Poor health and nutritional status reflect historical and current economic conditions in the district. Households in illness plant half as many fields at twice the labor cost as healthy households. Among poor households the effects of illness on farming production are exacerbated by their inability to adequately supplement family labor with nonhousehold workers. The consequences of illness can force changes in access to resources and production strategies, thus shaping household health and economy in the future.
Isothermal crystallization of lightly sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites

Lightly sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) nanocomposites were prepared using a solution intercalation technique, and the effect of montmorillonite clay on the crystallization kinetics of sulfonated sPS ionomer nanocomposites was systematically studied. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the dispersion of clay platelets within sPS and sulfonated sPS ionomer (SsPS) matrices. Experimental results obtained from WAXD and TEM revealed a predominately exfoliated morphology within the SsPS ionomer containing 5 wt.% of organically-modified clay. The corresponding non-sulfonated sPS control exhibited a mixed morphological structure consisting of intercalated platelets and many platelets that were present as micron-sized agglomerates. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the Avrami approach was used to elucidate information related to nucleation and growth within the sPS and SsPS systems during the isothermal crystallization process. Pristine and organically-modified clays significantly increased the overall crystallization rate of the SsPS ionomer, while the nanoclays slightly decreased the crystallization rate of the non-ionic sPS. The mechanistic origins of increased crystallization rates within the SsPS ionomer clay nanocomposites were attributed to multiple phenomena including disruption of the ionomer electrostatic network and a nucleating effect due to the presence of well-separated, homogeneously dispersed clay platelets.
Listeria monocytogenes in platelets: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce bacterial contamination in platelets (PLTs) have led to implementation of tests for bacterial detection before product release. Although relatively rare as a human pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes often causes serious illness and has a case-fatality rate of 20 percent. CASE REPORT: PLTs from an asymptomatic 58- year-old Hispanic male with a long history of PLT donation were culture-positive for the presence of L. monocytogenes. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern of the isolate matched two other L. monocytogenes isolates in the CDC National PulseNet database. Public health investigation found no evidence that the other two isolates were epidemiologically related to the PLT donor, who remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: A cluster of listeriosis cases was detected by PFGE but the significance is unknown. Organisms of public health significance should be reported to health departments. Better surveillance and reporting are needed in the efforts to improve blood product safety.
Positron emission tomography in thyroid cancer management

Selected patients with thyroid cancer can benefit from the use of PET imaging with FDG or with I-124. The PET scan impacts on management by providing (1) more accurate information about staging of patients in terms of extent of tumor for better treatment planning, especially in patients who do not concentration radioactive I-131; (2) the relationship of tumor involvement to vital structures, especially in the neck and central nervous system; and (3) prognostic information (an SUV > 10 and extensive PET + disease connotes a poor prognosis in advanced patients). In the occasional patient, surgically respectable disease has been identified on PET with the result that the patient has been rendered no evident disease with treatment. PET has also been used in the follow-up of patients who have been treated for thyroid cancer, to assess response. PET may also be useful for lesion specific dosimetry, with I-124. The combination of PET and CT in the same gantry facilitates localization of thyroid cancer PET scan abnormalities in relationship to critical organs and structures.
Deep packet filter with dedicated logic and read only memories

Searching for multiple string patterns in a stream of data is a computationally expensive task. The speed of the search pattern module determines the overall performance of deep packet inspection firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). For example, one open source IDS configured for 845 patterns, can sustain a throughput of only 50 Mbps running on a dual 1-GHz Pentium III system. Using such systems would not be practical for filtering high speed networks with over 1 Gbps traffic. Some of these systems are implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) so that they are fast and programmable. However, such FPGA filters tend to be too large to be mapped on to a single FPGA. By sharing the common sublogic in the design, we can effectively shrink the footprint of the filter. Then, for a large subset of the patterns, the logic area can be further reduced by using a memory based architecture. These design methods allow our filter for 2064 attack patterns to map onto a single Xilinx Spartan 3-XC3S2000 FPGA with a filtering rate of over 3 Gbps of network traffic.
N-doped graphene/porous g-C3N4 nanosheets supported layered-MoS2 hybrid as robust anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract We report on the design and Li-ion battery anode application of N-doped graphene/porous g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets supporting layered-MoS 2 hybrid. Few-layer MoS 2 nanosheets are highly dispersed on the N-doped graphene/porous g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet matrix, forming a two-dimensional multilayered nanostructure. Benefiting from the unique structure, the hybrid nanosheets exhibit superior electrochemical performance, including excellent cycling stability (maintaining 91% capacity after 100 cycles), a high rate capability (retaining 83% capacity from 50 mA g −1 to 500 mA g −1 ), and a considerably large capacity (achieving more than 800 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ).
Compressive imaging: Hybrid projection design

Compressive imaging/sensing employing a random measurement basis does not incorporate the specific object prior information available for natural images. An alternate hybrid measurement basis is proposed that yields improved reconstruction performance for natural images.