cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of substrate thickness on the performance of a printed planar monopole antenna (PMA)

Substrate thickness was found to have a significant effect on the performance of a printed circular planar monopole antenna (PMA). As substrate thickness increased the following effects were observed: decreased impedance bandwidth, increased cross-polarization gain, decreased co-polarization gain, and multi-lobe radiation patterns towards the upper end of the band. Substrate dielectric constant mainly affected only the impedance bandwidth of the PMA in that increasing the substrate dielectric constant slightly decreased the impedance bandwidth.
Raman scattering from electronic excitations in Ge

Polarized Raman spectra of pure, gallium-doped, and arsenic-doped germanium have been measured as a function of impurity concentration and temperature, using the output of a 2.1-\ensuremath{\mu}m laser to which germanium is transparent. The impurity concentration ranged from 6.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ (semiconducting regime) to 5.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ (metallic regime). The acceptor spectrum has been resolved into two lines whose polarization characteristics have been measured and deduced group theoretically. The donor spectrum consists, at low impurity concentration, of a single valley-orbit Raman line whose polarization selection rules have been found to be, in good agreement with group theory, identical to those of the zone-center optic phonon of the host crystal. The effects of wave-function overlap at higher impurity concentration on the electronic states have been systematically studied. In particular, the donor spectra have been studied as the crystal undergoes the Mott transition. Polarization studies of the light scattered from metallic samples show that intervalley fluctuations are responsible for the observed single-particle excitations.
The pursuit of the minor premise: a commentary on normality.

In this paper are explored the ethical implications of the answers to three questions: Whether or not a diseased state is discrete; the criteria by which that question is answered; and how the diseased state is to be identified. Examples are given showing that some states appear to be clearly discrete, and others equally clearly not discrete. The nature of the pertinent evidence will be affected accordingly. It is shown that a slavish and inappropriate concern with categories leads to anomalous ethics. Finally, it is suggested that many of these problems may be avoided by centering the ethics of medicine on optimizing the welfare of the patient rather than by thinking in terms of categorical disease.
Galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine lectin: The coordinator of host cell killing

Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric parasite that can kill host cells via a contact-dependent mechanism. This killing involves the amoebic surface protein referred to as the Gal/GalNAc lectin. The Gal/GalNAc lectin binds galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine allowing the adherence of amoebas to host cells. Involvement of the lectin in the pathogenesis ofE. histolytica infection will be reviewed in this paper. The lectin has been shown to have very specific and substantial effects on adherence, cytotoxicity, and encystation. There is also possible involvement of the lectin in phagocytosis and caspase activation in host cells.
Development of waveguide balanced HEB receivers beyond 2 THz

We are developing balanced waveguide-based receivers operating at THz frequencies for astronomical applications. The receivers are based on NbN HEB mixers and quadrature hybrid coupler. Beyond 1.5 THz, the realization, among others, of waveguides by conventional machining fabrication techniques becomes complicated and innovative techniques such as gold-plating and Silicon micromachining technologies are used. As first step, we already developed a very sensitive single waveguide-based HEB mixer operating around 2.7 THz using the gold-plating technique.
Rapid Evaporative Cooling Suppresses Fragmentation in Mass Spectrometry: Synthesis of ``Unprotonated'' Water Cluster Ions

Hydrogen-bonded water clusters were formed with inert gases adsorbed to them in a strong molecular beam expansion. Upon single-photon ionization of such mixed clusters using VUV light, fragmentation of the substrate water cluster ion is markedly suppressed. Experimental evidence is presented, showing that the rapid evaporation of the inert gas from the newly formed water cluster ion efficiently removes internal energy on a time scale much faster than the usual fragmentation reactions present in pure water clusters, i.e., rates of fragmentation that are normally >109 s-1. This phenomenon is exploited to produce “unprotonated” water clusters, formally (H2O)n+. Using post source decay reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the structure of the “unprotonated” water cluster ions is experimentally determined for the first time. The structure determined, H3O+(H2O)k·OH where the hydroxyl radical is found outside the first solvation shell of the charge, is consistent with recent ab initio calculations. This ...
Visual Feedback Automation for ICSI With Rotationally Oscillating Drill (Ros-Drill©)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection has attracted research interest from both biological and engineering groups. The technology is constantly evolving to perform this procedure with precision and speed. One such development is the contribution of this paper. We focus on a relatively recent procedure called Ros-Drill © (rotationally oscillating drill), of which the early versions have already been effectively utilized for the mice. Here, we present a procedure to automate a critical part of the operation: initiation of the rotational oscillation. Visual feedback is used to track the pipette tip. Predetermined species-specific penetration depth is successfully utilized to initiate the rotational oscillation command. Penetration-depth-based decisions concur with our earlier curvature-based approach.
Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory factors associated with lymphoma in simian AIDS.

A nonhuman primate model for AIDS-associated Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) has been described in which animals inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) develop simian AIDS (SAIDS) and SAIDS-NHL. The objective of the present study was to describe statistically the major trends observed in clinical and laboratory data collected longitudinally on a large cohort of nonhuman primates that developed SAIDS-NHL. Clinical and laboratory data were collected longitudinally on each animal from the time of SIV infection throughout progression to lymphoma. Data were analyzed retrospectively with regard to species, gender, age at SIV inoculation, survival, cause of death, CD4 + T-cell and B-cell counts, SIV antigenemia, persistent lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphocryptovirus infection. Median survival time (354 days; 95% CI 309 – 388) was not related to gender, age at SIV inoculation, cause of death, or RhLCV infection. Survival was not related to CD4 + T-cell count at the time of SIV infection (P = 0.553...
Combination of linear accelerator-based intensity-modulated total marrow irradiation and myeloablative fludarabine/busulfan: a phase I study.

Abstract Here we examined the addition of intensity-modulated total marrow irradiation (TMI) delivered using a linear accelerator to a myeloablative chemotherapy conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this phase I study, we enrolled 14 patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies who received escalating doses of TMI at 3 Gy (n = 3), 6 Gy (n = 3), 9 Gy (n = 6), and 12 Gy (n = 2) in combination with intravenous (i.v.) fludarabine 160 mg/m2 and targeted busulfan (area under the curve, 4800 μM*minute). Peripheral blood mobilized stem cells were obtained from HLA-matched related (n = 9) or unrelated (n = 4) or 1 antigen-mismatched unrelated (n = 1) donors. All patients rapidly engrafted and recovered their immune cells. Overall, Bearman extrahematologic toxicity were limited to grades 1 or 2, with oral mucositis grade 1 in 64% and grade 2 in 36% of the patients. With a median follow-up of 1126 days (range, 362 to 1469) for living patients, the overall survival was 50% and relapse-free survival was 43%. Of 7 deaths, 3 were due to relapse and 4 to transplantation-related complications. We conclude that 9 Gy TMI can be combined with myeloablative chemotherapy in the design of new preparative regimens for HSCT. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00988013.
Three-dimensional FLASH laser radar range estimation via blind deconvolution

Three-dimensional (3D) FLASH Laser Radar (LADAR) sensors are unique due to the ability to rapidly acquire a series of two dimensional remote scene data (i.e. range images). Principal causes of 3D FLASH LADAR range estimation error include spatial blur, detector blurring, noise, timing jitter, and inter-sample targets. Unlike previous research, this paper accounts for pixel coupling by defining the range image mathematical model as a 2D convolution between the system spatial impulse response and the object (target or remote scene) at a particular point in time. Using this model, improved range estimation is possible by object restoration from the data observations. Object estimation is performed by deriving a blind deconvolution Generalized Expectation Maximization (GEM) algorithm with the range determined from the estimated object by a normalized correlation method. Theoretical derivations and simulation results are verified with experimental data of a bar target taken from a 3D FLASH LADAR system in a laboratory environment. Simulation examples show that the GEM improves range estimation over the unprocessed data and a Wiener filter method by 75% and 26% respectively. In the laboratory experiment, the GEM improves range estimation by 34% and 18%over the unprocessed data and Wiener filter method respectively.
Numerical Integration of the Primitive Equations on a Spherical Grid

Abstract A new spherical grid system whose grid density on the globe is almost homogeneous is proposed. The elementary rules of finite differencing on the grid system are defined so that a desirable condition for numerical area integration is satisfied. The integrations of primitive equations for a barotropic atmosphere with free surface are made. The patterns of initial fields are the same as Phillips used in 1959 for a test of his map projection system and computation schemes. Ten test runs are performed for a period of 16 days. Three of these are without viscosity and integrated with different time integration schemes. Four runs include the effect of non-linear viscosity with different coefficients, and the remaining three are computed with different amounts of linear viscosity. A noticeable distortion of the flow pattern does not occur in an early period in any run. Analyses of the results suggest that the damping of high frequency oscillation of both long and short wavelengths can be achieved by an i...
Transcriptional Activation in Yeast by the Proline-rich Activation Domain of Human CTF1*

Among eukaryotic transcriptional activators, those with acidic activation domains have been shown to stimulate transcription in organisms ranging from yeast to human. In vivo and in vitro assays have been employed to demonstrate transcriptional enhancement in yeast by the proline-rich activation domain of human CTF1. This result suggests that proline-rich activation domains may, like typical acidic activation domains, functional universally.
MDMA (ecstasy) substitutes for the ethanol discriminative cue in HAD but not LAD rats

Selectively bred high- and low-alcohol-drinking (HAD/LAD) rats were trained to discriminate the interoceptive stimuli produced by IP-administered 600 mg/kg ethanol (10% w/v in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Once criterion discrimination was attained, animals were tested with 3.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/kg MDMA. Although no differences in alcohol discrimination were observed between the HAD and LAD animals, the HAD line was significantly more sensitive than the LAD line to the effects of MDMA. These results provide additional information to the growing body of evidence suggesting serotonergic mediation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital

The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital. Lisa Lowe and David Lloyd. eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.594 pp.
KDD for science data analysis: issues and examples

The analysis of the massive data sets collected by scientific instruments demands automation as a prerequisite to analysis. There is an urgent need to create an intermediate level at which scientists can operate effectively; isolating them from the massive sizes and harnessing human analysis capabilities to focus on tasks in which machines do not even remotely approach humans—namely, creative data analysis, theory and hypothesis formation, and drawing insights into underlying phenomena. We give an overview of the main issues in the exploitation of scientific datasets, present five case studies where KDD tools play important and enabling roles, and conclude with future challenges for data mining and KDD techniques in science data analysis.
PostgreSQL anomalous query detector

We propose to demonstrate the design, implementation, and the capabilities of an anomaly detection (AD) system integrated with a relational database management system (DBMS). Our AD system is trained by extracting relevant features from the parse-tree representation of the SQL commands, and then uses the DBMS roles as the classes for the bayesian classifier. In the detection phase, the maximum apriori probability role is chosen by the classifier which, if not matching the role associated with the SQL command, raises an alarm. We have implemented such system in the PostgreSQL DBMS, integrated with the statistics collection and the query processing mechanism of the DBMS. During the demonstration, our audience will be given the choice of training our system using either synthetic role-based SQL query traces based on probability sampling, or by entering their own set of training queries. In the subsequent detection mode, the audience can test the detection capabilities of the system by submitting arbitrary SQL commands. We will also allow the audience to generate arbitrary work loads to measure the overhead of the training phase and the detection phase of our AD mechanism on the performance of the DBMS.
A stepper motor and serial communication interface daughter board for educational use

This paper presents the design and development of a daughter board consisting of stepper motor drivers and serial interfaces. The purpose of this board is to provide embedded systems students with a tool to design and develop automation applications using stepper motors and simple RS-232C serial communications. The stepper motors used is a bipolar six-wire configuration motor. Software drivers for serial communication and the stepper motors are written in the 'C' language using the High-performance Embedded Workshop (HEW) Integrated Development Environment provided with the Renesas Embedded Evaluation Board. The stepper motors are programmed to drive in full step, half step, and micro step mode. The circuit functionality was tested on a breadboard, and on compliance with the performance, a PCB was manufactured.
Upper‐echelon executive human capital and compensation: Generalist vs specialist skills

This study extends current knowledge of upper echelon executive compensation beyond the CEO, specifically CFO compensation, based on whether they possess generalist or specialist skills. We find that �strategic� CFOs with an elite MBA (generalist) consistently command a compensation premium, while �accounting� CFOs (specialist) and CFOs with a non-MBA master's degree, even from an elite institution, do not. Further, scarce �strategic� CFOs are awarded both higher salaries and higher equity-based compensation. Our findings support the view that unique complementarities between scarce CFOs and firms increase these executives' bargaining power leading to pay premium. Our results are robust to post-hiring years, firm sizes, board characteristics, and CFO's insider/outsider status. We contribute at the confluence of upper-echelon compensation, executive human capital, resource-based view, and assortative matching literatures.
Torc: towards an open-source tool flow

We present and describe Torc - (Tools for Open Reconfigurable Computing) - an open-source infrastructure and tool set, provided entirely as C++ source code and available at http://torc.isi.edu. Torc is suitable for custom research applications, for CAD tool development, and for architecture exploration.The Torc infrastructure can (1) read, write, and manipulate generic netlists - currently EDIF, (2) read, write, and manipulate physical netlists - currently XDL, and indirectly NCD, (3) provide exhaustive wiring and logic information for commercial devices, and (4) read, write, and manipulate bitstream packets (but not configuration frame contents). Torc furthermore provides routing and unpacking tools for full or partial designs, soon to be augmented with BLIF support, and with packing and placing tools.The architectural data for Xilinx devices is generated from non-proprietary XDLRC files, and currently supports 140 devices in 11 families: Virtex, Virtex-E, Virtex-II, Virtex-II Pro, Virtex4, Virtex5, Virtex6, Virtex6L, Spartan3E, Spartan6, and Spartan6L. We believe that Altera architectures and designs could be similarly supported if the necessary data were available, and we have successfully used Torc internally with custom architectures.
Growth and Nest Hole Size Preferences in Immature Southern House Spiders (Araneae: Filistatidae): Are They Constrained Consumers?

Summary In the laboratory, immature Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz 1842) (Araneae: Filistatidae) exhibited a combination of isometric and positively allometric growth during the first 32 wk of life according to 9 measures of body size. When given an array of artificial holes to use as nest sites, spiders age 2, 8, and 24 wk tended to select holes proportionate to their body sizes. These findings raise the question of whether populations of K. hibernalis in the wild are constrained by the limited availability of suitably sized nest sites.
Decentralized control of construction behavior in paper wasps: an overview of the stigmergy approach

Grasse [26] coined the term stigmergy (previous work directs and triggers new building actions) to describe a mechanism of decentralized pathway of information flow in social insects. In general, all kinds of multi-agent groups require coordination for their effort and it seems that stigmergy is a very powerful means to coordinate activity over great spans of time and space in a wide variety of systems. In a situation in which many individuals contribute to a collective effort, such as building a nest, stimuli provided by the emerging structure itself can provide a rich source of information for the working insects. The current article provides a detailed review of this stigmergic paradigm in the building behavior of paper wasps to show how stigmergy influenced the understanding of mechanisms and evolution of a particular biological system. The most important feature to understand is how local stimuli are organized in space and time to ensure the emergence of a coherent adaptive structure and to explain how workers could act independently yet respond to stimuli provided through the common medium of the environment of the colony.
Shape studies of quark jets versus gluon jets at s=10 GeV.

Using date from [ital e][sup +][ital e[minus]] annihilation into hadrons taken on the [Upsilon](1[ital S]) and continuum, we are able to compare event properties of three-gluon ([ital ggg]) and quark-antiquark ([ital q[bar q]]) decays. By tagging radiative decays of the [Upsilon](3[ital S]) to the [chi][sub [ital b]][sup [prime]] states, we can make comparisons of the [chi][sub [ital b]][sup [prime]] event shapes with continuum and [ital ggg] decays of the [Upsilon](1[ital S]). Contrary to the notion that two-gluon ([ital gg]) events are globally very similar to [ital q[bar q]] jets, we infer from a study of the [chi][sub [ital b]][sup [prime]] ([ital J]=0 or 2) states that [ital gg] event shapes more closely resemble [ital ggg] decays of the [Upsilon](1[ital S]), whereas [ital q[bar q]g] decays of the [chi][sub [ital b]][sup [prime]] ([ital J]=1) state more closely resemble [ital q[bar q]] continuum events in their decay characteristics.
TRANSLOCATION IN MACROCYSTIS. III. COMPOSITION OF SIEVE TUBE EXUDATE AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAJOR C(14) -LABELED PRODUCTS(1).

SUMMARY The major C14-labeled substance in sieve tube exudate of M. pyrifera is D-mannitol, comprising 3.6% (w/v). No sugars are detectable. Certain amino acids also possess some C14-labeling and occur in significantly high concentrations in exudate. The exudate contains negligible ether-soluble lipid, but has a large amount of protein and a high concentration of K+ Neither protein nor lipid become labeled significantly in sieve tubes during short-term translocation experiments with C14. In general the chemical composition of the assimilate stream is comparable to that of vascular plants and does not, consequently, necessitate a different mechanism for translocation.
Indian children: the struggle for survival

386 BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE Among the most neglected persons the national average; among teen in the United States is the American agers, however, it is more than five Indian child. The statistics define his times as high.6 position clearly. As his life begins, the The transition from an uncompli infant mortality rate is twice as high cated tribal life-style to a pressure among Indians as it is for other Ameroriented, complex, industrial society ican babies (32.2 deaths per 1,000 live has taken a tragic toll on the Ameri births).1 After the first 27 days of life, can Indian. Nonetheless, few profes the death rate for the Indian infant is sional programs exist that directly ben four times that of the white infant, efit American Indian children.7 The One study of Indians living off the needs of these U.S. aborigines have reservations revealed that sudden inbeen neglected under the system of fant death occurred four times more institutional racism in America today, often than among white infants.2 Nor have the American Indians been Should he survive, the chances are allowed to translate their values and great that the American Indian will life-styles into a pluralistic society, be an orphan because his parents' life span is significantly shorter than for non-Indians.3 Thus, the likelihood of his being placed in a foster or adoptive The current federal responsibility for home is greater than it would otherthe American Indian rests primarily wise be; not only that, it is probable with the U.S. Department of the In that he will be placed in a non-Indian terior's Bureau of Indian Affairs home by a non-Indian worker.4 (BIA). The nation's myopic and ne The Indian child can look forward glectful priorities toward these citizens to little more than a fifth-grade educaseem to be mirrored in the Depart tion; he and 95 percent of his classment of the Interior's own statement mates will probably drop out before of purpose: high school. His self-image reflects r^, itt • j j c u[The department] is concerned with this if, indeed, it is not the cause of his . ., , the management, conservation, and de failure. More than any other group, velopment of the Nation,s water fish, Indian chtldren believe themselves to wMife> mineralj forest and park and be of below-average intelligence.5 recreational resources.3 Boarding schools and long separations from family are commonplace. It is Almost as an afterthought, the booklet not unheard of for an Indian child in adds: "It also has the major responsi Alaska to be sent to a school run by bilities for Indian and Territorial Af file Bureau of Indian Affairs in Oklafairs." The bureaucratic structure of homa. In 1973 there were over 33,000 BIA, coupled with its voluminous ad children living away from their homes ministrative manuals of regulations, and families. And these schools, where discourages effective utilization of the his teachers are usually non-Indian, bureau's limited services and reduces will further erode his self-esteem. the benefits to which the Indian is en
Observation of Superheavy Nuclei Produced in the Reaction of K 86 r with P 208 b

Following a prediction by Smola\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}czuk [Phys. Rev. C 59, 2634 (1999)], we searched for superheavy element formation in the bombardment of ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ with 449-MeV ${}^{86}\mathrm{Kr}$ ions. We have observed three decay chains, each consisting of an implanted heavy atom and six subsequent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decays, correlated in time and position. In these decay chains, a rapid (ms) sequence of high energy $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles ( ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\ge}10\mathrm{MeV}$) indicates the decay of a new high- $Z$ element. The observed chains are consistent with the formation of $^{293}118$ and its decay by sequential $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle emission to $^{289}116$, $^{285}114$, $^{281}112$, $^{277}110$, ${}^{273}\mathrm{Hs}$ ( $Z\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}108$) and ${}^{269}\mathrm{Sg}$ ( $Z\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}106$). The production cross section is ${2.2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.8}^{+2.6}\mathrm{pb}$.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Bubble Dynamics via Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD)

With the inspiration from electrowetting-controlled droplets, the potential advantages of electrowetting for bubble dynamics are investigated experimentally and numerically. In our experimental system, a 100 nanometer thin film gold metal was used as an electrode, and a 6.5 micrometer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was spin-coated on the electrode acting both as an dielectric layer and hydrophobic surface. A two-phase model coupled with a electrostatics was used in our simulation work, where the body force due to the electric field acts as an external force. Our numerical results demonstrated that electrowetting can help the detachment of a small bubble by changing the apparent contact angle. Similar results were observed in our experiments that with electrowetting on dielectric, the contact angle of bubble on a hydrophobic surface will obviously decrease when a certain electrical field is applied either with a small size bubble (diameter around 1mm) or a relatively larger size bubble (diameter around 3 mm). When the applied voltage becomes high enough, both the experimental and numerical results demonstrate the characteristics of bubble detachment within a thin film liquid layer.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Synthesis and Characterization of sI Clathrate Hydrates Containing Hydrogen

Previously, large cage occupancy of H2 has only been confirmed in the structure II (sII) hydrate. Utilizing a hydrate synthesis pathway involving pressurizing preformed structure I (sI) hydrates, we now show H2 occupancy in both the small and the large cages of sI, as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. The new H2 environments were determined to be singly and doubly occupied 51262 cages occurring at 4125–4131 and 4143–4149 cm–1, respectively. This work serves as proof-of-concept that, by altering the conventional hydrate synthesis procedure to incorporate preformed hydrates, it may be possible to promote the occupancy of H2 or possibly other guests in a desired structure through a “templating” effect by simply changing the initial hydrate structure.
An operant conditioning program in a juvenile detention facility.

A 6-mo. exploratory study showed the effectiveness of an operant conditioning program in a juvenile detention facility. Ss were emotionally disturbed delinquents. A unit economy based on a behavior-contingent point system proved effective even when extrinsic rewards were given infrequently. Immediacy of reinforcement was believed to be a decisive factor in the program's effectiveness. Interviews with staff showed that the system was most helpful in group control.
A Decade of Meaning: Past, Present, and Future

This article first presents the background of meaning summits at the International Network on Personal Meaning's International Meaning Conferences, and then details the rationale for the meaning summit at the First Congress on the Construction of Personal Meaning. It also details the fundamental issues in research and applications of meaning that were posed to three panels at the meaning summit at the First Congress. Finally, it highlights the main points in the various articles in this special meaning edition with reference to the fundamental issues of meaning.
China's measles epidemic characteristics and coping strategies at the present stage

Measles is an infectious disease which cause serious harm to the children, but can be prevention by vaccine. China has invested numerous resources to prevention and control measles, the morbidity and mortality of measles have greatly reduced, but measles epidemic across the country in succession outbreak, the epidemic prevention and disease control of the situation is still grim. Now we summarize epidemiological characteristics and control measures of measles, in order to understand the epidemic tendency of measles, and provide reference to eliminate measles.
Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis on renal autoregulation in the dog: role of renal nerves.

1. Previous studies suggest that hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis exert a renal nerve mediated adverse effect on renal haemodynamic function. We therefore examined the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate responses to lowering renal perfusion pressure from 125 to 75 mmHg in the anaesthetized dog. To study the role of renal nerves in these responses, paired innervated and denervated kidneys were studied in each animal. 2. Hypoxia ( P o 2 43 ± 3 mmHg) affected neither renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate responses to decreasing renal perfusion pressure. 3. Hypercapnic acidosis ( P co 2 71 ±2 mmHg; pH 7.03 ± 0.01) significantly decreased both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate as renal perfusion pressure was lowered. This effect of hypercapnic acidosis could be abolished by renal denervation. 4. These findings suggest that hypercapnic acidosis results in renal nerve stimulation, which prevents the usual decrease in renal afferent arteriolar tone that occurs in response to lowering of renal perfusion pressure.
Acute pulmonary disease in the aged.

Elderly individuals are predisposed to a variety of respiratory problems due to age-associated pulmonary changes. This article reviews the most common noninfectious pulmonary emergencies seen in the geriatric population, including obstructive and restrictive disease, pulmonary embolism, aspiration, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. A brief description of the diagnosis and initial management of each condition is provided.
The History of Views on Charges, Currents and the Electromagnetic Field

In this chapter we present a review of the period where the fundamentals of the modern electromagnetic theory were formed. To preserve views of the authors in their most original form, we prefer exact quotations from their original papers and monographs or from historical monographs.
Effects of depressive symptoms and coping motives on naturalistic trends in negative and positive alcohol-related consequences.

Objective Depressive symptoms and drinking to cope with negative affect increase the likelihood for drinking-related negative consequences among college students. However, less is known about their influence on the naturalistic trajectories of alcohol-related consequences. In the current study, we examined how positive and negative drinking-related consequences changed as a function of depressive symptoms and drinking motives (coping, conformity, social, enhancement).
The structure of leached sodium borosilicate glass

Etude par spectrometrie Raman et spectrometrie RMN de 29 Si, 11 B, 17 O et 23 Na et par microscopie electronique a transmission des modifications de structure au cours de la lixiviation du verre B 2 O 3 -Na 2 O-SiO 2 (pour differentes compositions) a pH=1,2; 9 et 12
Life Cycle Management Tools for Synchrophasor Systems: Why We Need Them and What They Should Entail

Abstract: A synchrophasor system solution generally incorporates precise timing sources, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), communication network and phasor based applications. Even though all components may pass the laboratory tests, there is no guaranty that everything will work properly together after installation and deployment in the field. To preserve an acceptable level of service quality, the system components need to be tested keeping in mind different stages of the deployment. This paper discusses various aspects of a comprehensive life-cycle management model for Synchrophasor technology, ranging from the component to the overall end-to-end system level, and rigorous procedures for testing and evaluating such mission critical systems. In this effort, a unique PMU calibration lab is constructed to execute standardized PMU acceptance tests according to IEEE and IEC standards, such as the IEEE C37.118.1a among others. Field end-to-end calibrator is introduced using an accurate reference PMU called “Gold PMU” to perform field acceptance and periodic maintenance tests utilizing the nested testing concept. To illustrate the value of synchrophasor life-cycle management tools, use cases for state estimation and fault location application end-to-end tests are implemented to evaluate impact of accuracy deterioration and component failure on the performance of the synchrophasor system.
Sources of Noise

In a microwave transmission system, a signal is sent from a transmitting antenna to a receiving antenna. We have seen that only a very small part of the transmitted power is picked up by the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna also picks up as noise random electromagnetic radiation from any body that lies within its beamwidth, and some noise from interstellar space, which is filled with electromagnetic radiation. Thus the electromagnetic wave which the receiving antenna feeds to the receiver for amplification and detection is a mixture of signal and noise. The receiver adds further noise, some of it unavoidable, in the process of amplification, so that the amplified signal, prior to detection or demodulation, has some carrier-to-noise power ratio, P C /P N , or noise-to-carrier power ratio, P N /P C . We will study these phenomena for microwave and optical communication systems in this chapter.
Cord Blood Biomarkers of Placental Maternal Vascular Underperfusion Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension

Objective To assess whether cord blood biomarkers associated with placental maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU) are predictive of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH). Study design Premature infants enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study were randomly sampled from 4 gestational age strata (n = 190, range 23-36 weeks). Fifteen factors from a human angiogenesis panel were measured in cord blood using multiplex immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare biomarker levels according to placental histologic MVU, taking into account acute/chronic inflammation and fetal vascular pathology. Biomarkers associated with MVU were further evaluated in the subgroup of extremely low gestational age infants (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks; n = 48), and measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in an additional 39 infants to determine associations with BPD (defined using the National Institutes of Health workshop criteria) and PH (identified by echocardiogram at 36 weeks of gestation). Results Cord blood placental growth factor (PIGF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A were decreased with MVU ( P P P P = .001). Receiver operator curve analysis revealed that decreased PIGF and G-CSF were predictive of BPD-PH (area under the curve 0.83 and 0.76, respectively). Conclusions Cord blood angiogenic factors that are decreased with placental MVU may serve as predictors of BPD-PH.
Latitudinal trends in oviposition preferences: ecological and genetic influences

The acceptability of host plants by ovipositing insects can be determined by a balance of various internal and external excitatory factors (Miller & Strickler, 1984). However, insects are generally assumed to be more “hard-wired”, with regard to sensory physiology, genetics, detoxification systems and historically constrained phylogenies of host selection due to chemical constraints on their evolution (Feeny, 1991). The divergence of insect preferences for certain plants results from physiological, biochemical, and behavioral adaptations to plant availability, acceptability, and suitability, which in turn are determined by the interactions of the plant nutrients and allelochemicals, the associated community of natural enemies and/or competitors and various abiotic factors such as microclimate or seasonal thermal unit accumulations affecting latitudinal voltinism and feeding specialization patterns (Scriber & Lederhouse, 1992).
Macrophages utilize the mitochondrial calcium uniporter for profibrotic polarization

Fibrosis in multiple organs, including the liver, kidney, and lung, often occurs secondary to environmental exposure. Asbestos exposure is one important environmental cause of lung fibrosis. The mechanisms that mediate fibrosis is not fully understood, although mitochondrial oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages is critical for fibrosis development. Mitochondrial Ca2+ levels can be associated with production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we show that patients with asbestosis have higher levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ compared with normal patients. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a highly selective ion channel that transports Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix to modulate metabolism. Asbestos exposure increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx in alveolar macrophages from wild-type, but not MCU+/-, mice. MCU expression polarized macrophages to a profibrotic phenotype after exposure to asbestos, and the profibrotic polarization was regulated by MCU-mediated ATP production. Profibrotic polarization was abrogated when MCU was absent or its activity was blocked. Of more importance, mice that were deficient in MCU were protected from pulmonary fibrosis. Regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ suggests that MCU may play a pivotal role in the development of fibrosis and could potentially be a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.-Gu, L., Larson-Casey, J. L., Carter, A. B. Macrophages utilize the mitochondrial calcium uniporter for profibrotic polarization.
Time Course of Lexicalization During Sentence Production in Parkinson's Disease: Eye-Tracking While Speaking.

Purpose Growing evidence suggests that sentence formulation is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, how speakers with PD coordinate sentence planning and speaking remains unclear. Within ...
The characteristic halo masses of half-a-million WISE-selected quasars

Recent work has found evidence for a difference in the bias and dark matter halo masses of WISE-selected obscured and unobscured quasars, implying a distinction between these populations beyond random line-of-sight effects. However, the significance of this difference in the most up-to-date measurements is relatively weak, at $\sim$2$\sigma$ for individual measurements but bolstered by agreement from different techniques, including angular clustering and cross-correlations with cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps. Here, we expand the footprint of previous work, aiming to improve the precision of both methods. In this larger area we correct for position dependent selection effects, in particular fluctuations of the WISE-selected quasar density as a function of Galactic latitude. We also measure the cross-correlation of the obscured and unobscured samples and confirm that they are well-matched in redshift, both centred at $z=1$. Combined with very similar detection fractions and magnitude distributions in the long-wavelength WISE bands, this redshift match strongly supports the fact that IR selection identifies obscured and unobscured quasars of similar bolometric luminosity. Finally, we perform cross-correlations with confirmed spectroscopic quasars, again confirming the results from other methods --- obscured quasars reside in haloes a factor of 3 times more massive than unobscured quasars. This difference is significant at the $\sim$5$\sigma$ level when the measurements are combined, strong support for the idea that obscuration in at least some quasars is tied to the larger environment, and may have an evolutionary component.
Novice Medical Students Improve Knowledge and Comfort in EPA 10 After Early Simulated Clinical Experiences

The authors’ curricular goal was to develop, pilot, and evaluate an educational intervention designed to train incoming medical students on entrustable professional activity (EPA) 10, the recognition, and evaluation of a patient requiring emergent care. The authors hypothesized that this intervention would be feasible and acceptable to learners and would increase self-reported comfort with the functions of EPA 10. This was an observational, cross-sectional study of first-year medical students. Students completed a group introduction to EPAs followed by four low-fidelity simulation stations, including the following: (1) a case-based vital signs module, (2) a standardized patient encounter involving altered mental status after syncope, (3) a simulated trauma patient evaluation, and (4) a team-based learning scenario designed to teach and assess closed-loop communication when caring for a pulseless patient. The primary outcomes were feasibility, learner acceptability, and pre- and post-intervention learner comfort and knowledge. Descriptive statistics were calculated; Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to test for a significant difference in pre- and post-intervention responses. 147/147 responses were collected (100% response rate). This innovative curriculum was feasible to develop and implement. Students reported improvement in comfort in all EPA 10-related functions. Free-text comments revealed that learners enjoyed the simulation experience, felt safe in the training environment, and reported increased awareness of their roles and limitations as providers. In conclusion, novice medical students who completed early simulated clinical cases reported increased comfort with functions directly related to entrustment for EPA 10. This type of workplace simulation training was feasible to implement and well-received by learners.
Numerical simulations of flow pattern and particle trajectories in feline aorta for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart conditions

ABSTRACTNumerical simulations of pulsatile flow in a feline aorta for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) heart conditions are performed to predict flow details and to evaluate possible thrombus trajectory patterns. The study demonstrates that average flow rate boundary conditions (QBC) at artery outlets act as a resistance-type boundary condition for pulsatile flow. For simulations when the exact artery outflows are not known, specification of estimated values from physiological conditions is a plausible approach. This boundary condition is further improved using an iterative method (I-QBC) to accurately satisfy outflow conditions when expected outflow is known. The approach is validated against experimental data for the prediction of iliac artery flow and wall stresses in a human abdominal aorta. The feline aorta simulations including Lagrangian particle transport are performed on grids with up to 11M cells for a generalized feline aorta. It is found that LES on larger grids performs significantly better ...
THE TWILIGHT OF INCOME MEASUREMENT: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ON

The paper reviews events and trends since 1961, when the author incautiously forecast a possible decline in the importance of income measurement. He finds that little has changed in the intervening 25 years, and the forecast has not been borne out by events. Historical cost accounting has survived a period of serious inflation with hardly a dent. Earnings seem to be as important to financial analysts and to academic researchers as they ever were, and recent tax changes bring taxable income somewhat closer to accounting income than previously, thereby increasing the importance of the income concept rather than diminishing it.
Growth of hollow cell spheroids in microbead templated chambers.

Cells form hollow, spheroidal structures during the development of many tissues, including the ocular lens, inner ear, and many glands. Therefore, techniques for in vitro formation of hollow spheroids are valued for studying developmental and disease processes. Current in vitro methods require cells to self-organize into hollow morphologies; we explored an alternative strategy based on cell growth in predefined, spherical scaffolds. Our method uses sacrificial, gelatin microbeads to simultaneously template spherical chambers within a hydrogel and deliver cells into the chambers. We use mouse lens epithelial cells to demonstrate that cells can populate the internal surfaces of the chambers within a week to create numerous hollow spheroids. The platform supports manipulation of matrix mechanics, curvature, and biochemical composition to mimic in vivo microenvironments. It also provides a starting point for engineering organoids of tissues that develop from hollow spheroids.
Potassium Channel Agents

The potassium channel agents are a diverse group of compounds in terms of both structure and function …
Status of the ZT-40M RFP experimental program

The present status of research on the ZT-40M Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) will be described. RFP discharges have been sustained for times (27 ms) >> the classical resistive diffusion time, implying the existence of a flux-sustainment mechanism (''dynamo''). This mechanism opens the possibility for a steady-state RFP reactor utilizing a unique form of non-inductive current drive. T /sub e/ > 500 eV has been obtained for 400 kA discharges with /sup -/n /sub e/ about 4 x 10/sup 19/ m/sup -3/. Total energy confinement time /tau/ /sub E/ has reached 0.7 ms with a Lawson parameter of 5 x 10/sup 16/ m/sup -3/s for discharges with /sup -/n /sub e/ = 8 x 10/sup 19/ m/sup -3/ and T /sub e/ = 330 eV at a plasma current of 330 kA and 0.33 T total confining field at the wall. Reactor-like ..beta..theta about 10-20% is routinely obtained for plasma currents from 60-400 kA (..beta.. about ..beta..theta/2). Scaling of /sup -/n /sub e/ /tau/ /sub E/ about I /sup 2.2+or-0.4/ is found, more than adequate for a compact RFP reactor.
Disposition, bioavailability, and serum protein binding of pentachlorophenol in the B6C3F1 mouse.

The toxicokinetics of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were studied in B6C3F1 mice, a strain in which PCP was previously found to be carcinogenic. In a crossover design, doses of 15 mg/kg were given intravenously (bolus) and orally (gastric intubation) to six animals. Concentrations of PCP in blood, urine, and feces were measured by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. After intravenous administration, the values of clearance and volume of distribution were 0.057 ± 0.007 L/hr/kg and 0.43 ± 0.06 L/kg, respectively. These two parameters exhibited low intermouse variability (coefficients of variation <14%). The elimination half-life was 5.2 ± 0.6 hr. After oral administration, the PCP peak plasma concentration (28 ± 7 µg/ml) occurred at 1.5 ± 0.5 hr and absorption was complete (bioavailability = 1.06 ± 0.09). The elimination half-life was 5.8 ± 0.6 hr. Only 8% of the PCP dose was excreted unchanged by the kidney. PCP was primarily recovered in urine as conjugates. A portion of the dose was recovered in urine as the mutagen, tetrachlorohydroquinone (5%) (TCHQ), and its conjugates (15%). For both PCP and TCHQ, sulfates accounted for 90% or more of the total conjugates (glucuronides and sulfates).