cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FARM SIZE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: SOME ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS

Although American agriculture has been lished industry. Crop and livestock production adopting new technology for more than 100 is diversified; farms differ in size and strucyears, the rate of adoption has greatly ac- ture, including part-time, single family, and celerated in recent decades. This technological partnership arrangements. The towns within revolution has resulted in important changes the area include a crossroads village and the in rural America. Mesthene [12] points out the seat of county government which is also the impact of technological change on society; site of a recently built plastic-ware fabrication Donaldson and McInerney [6] examine the im- plant. A regional trade center is adjacent to the pact of machinery technology on agricultural study area.' Major cities are 120 and 220 miles
Families and Networks Among Older Inner-City Blacks

These research findings compare the support networks of inner-city blacks and whites, 65 years and older, who were selected from hospital medical clinics. Both blacks and whites who are in need of help use formal supports. Blacks, however, have more active support networks than do whites despite the low incidence of support from spouses and children. These social resources result from mechanisms in black families that expand network membership through the creation of fictive kin.
Algorithmic control of walking

The authors suggest that there are two components required in most control schemes: an algorithmic component which takes a high-level goal and generates joint trajectories, and a dynamics component which takes these joint trajectories and generates the required joint torques. The joint torques are then sent to the mechanism, which (it is hoped) achieves the high-level goal. An approach is presented which simplifies the programming of the algorithmic component for high-degree-of-freedom objects. Instead of supplying a complete set of joint trajectories as a function of time, the algorithm controls other, more intuitive, degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom are automatically converted to the more conventional joint trajectories. The algorithm can underconstrain the object, in which case constrained optimization is used in converting to joint trajectories. This approach is applied to generate joint trajectories for a walking biped. The walking algorithm, is presented along with the results from testing with the authors' Newton simulation system (ibid., vol.3, p.1806-11). >
Individual Health Care System Distrust and Neighborhood Social Environment: How Are They Jointly Associated with Self-rated Health?

Americans’ distrust in the health care system has increased in the past decades; however, little research has explored the impact of distrust on self-rated health and even less is known about whether neighborhood social environment plays a role in understanding the relationship between distrust and self-rated health. This study fills these gaps by investigating both the direct and moderating associations of neighborhood social environment with self-rated health. Our analysis is based on the 2008 Philadelphia Health Management Corporation’s household survey and neighborhood-level data. Findings from multilevel logistic regression show that after controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates, distrust is directly and adversely related to self-rated health, and that neighborhood social affluence and stability are directly and negatively associated with the odds of reporting poor/fair health. Neighborhood disadvantage and crime rates are not directly related to self-rated health, but increase the odds of having poor/fair health via distrust. Overall, our results suggest that macro-level actions can alter individual’s perception of residential environment and lead to improved health. To improve the public health in an urban setting, rebuilding confidence in the health care system is integral, and the policies that help establish safe and cohesive neighborhoods may reduce the adverse effect of distrust on self-rated health.
Fidelity of terrestrial vertebrate fossils to a modern ecosystem

Abstract An exceptionally rich paleontological site, well-dated with 18 radiocarbon samples and containing 10,597 identified mammalian fossils, shows a high affinity to the local habitat with little evidence of long-distance transport of faunal elements. The organic deposits in Lamar Cave, Wyoming, are composed almost entirely of the decomposed collections of wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) and carnivores, mainly wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (Canis latrans). The fossil sample, whether analyzed by level or as the total site accumulation, more closely approximates the local living fauna than a modern raptor-pellet and carnivore-scat collection does. The combination of taxa from all but 2 out of 16 levels unambiguously describes the mammalian community of the local sagebrush grassland. Absence of certain extralocal species clearly reflects lack of long-distance (>5 km) transport of non-sagebrush grassland species. If the aim of a paleontological study is specifically to reconstruct the local mammalian community, these data demonstrate that only a minimum of sampling effort may be required for similar localities. However, the data from Lamar Cave do demonstrate that if the goal of a paleontological, or in fact modern, study is to tally the total number of species, an intensive sampling effort is required in order to include the rare taxa. Though time-averaged records indeed may obscure some analyses, particularly those of discerning disharmonious faunas such as those found at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, this study shows that some time-averaging will benefit the interpretation of faunal diversity of both present and past ecosystems by inclusion of less common taxa.
Avionics system for a small unmanned helicopter performing aggressive maneuvers

An Xcell.60 5 ft rotor diameter hobby helicopter was instrumented to perform autonomous aggressive maneuvers. Avionics system, state estimator design, and vibration isolation are presented in detail. Analysis of helicopter dynamics based on flight data is given.
Is there a role for radical esophagectomy.

The aim of primary surgery in the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is definite cure. To obtain this goal R0 resection, i.e. complete macroscopic and microscopic removal is of paramount importance. However, one of the most controversial questions remains the extent of lymph node dissection, in particular the value of cervical lymph node dissection (the so called third field). Three arguments are believed to favour more extended lymphadenectomy: optimal staging, prolonged tumour control, improved cure rate. (a) Optimal staging: available data indicate that unforeseen lymph node involvement in the neck is encountered in approximately 30% of the patients after 3-field lymphadenectomy. Even in tumours of the GEJ up to 20% of the patients in the T3N+ setting have unforeseen positive nodes in the neck. (b) Prolonged tumour control: radical esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy is decreasing locoregional recurrence substantially, below 10%, in several published reports. More over extended lymphadenectomy seems to defer onset of locoregional recurrence and generalised metastasis for up to 3 years or more. (c) Improved cure rate: despite a lack of prospective randomised study many studies indicate a distinct survival benefit after radical esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy. From the available data it becomes clear that radical surgery and extensive lymphadenectomy offers the best chances for prolonged survival or cure. This can be done without increasing hospital mortality and morbidity. Survival figures obtained by this technique are a gold standard to which survival obtained by other techniques (e.g. multimodality treatment forms, VATS resections) have to be compared.
Imaging and Therapy of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma using Replication-competent Herpes Simplex Viruses

Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer that is refractory to current treatment modalities. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) used for gene therapy are genetically engineered, replication-competent viruses that selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal host tissue. The localized nature, the potential accessibility and the relative lack of distant metastasis make MPM a particularly suitable disease for oncolytic viral therapy. Methods The infectivity, selective replication, vector spread and cytotoxic ability of three oncolytic HSV: G207, NV1020 and NV1066, were tested against eleven pathological types of MPM cell lines including those that are resistant to radiation therapy, gemcitabine or cisplatin. The therapeutic efficacy and the effect on survival of NV1066 were confirmed in a murine MPM model. Results All three oncolytic HSV were highly effective against all the MPM cell lines tested. Even at very low concentrations of MOI 0.01 (MOI: multiplicity of viral infection, ratio of viral particles per cancer cell), HSV were highly effective against MPM cells that are resistant to radiation, gemcitabine and cisplatin. NV1066, an oncolytic HSV that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP), was able to delineate the extent of the disease in a murine model of MPM due to selective infection and expression of GFP in tumor cells. Furthermore, NV1066 was able to reduce the tumor burden and prolong survival even when treatment was at an advanced stage of the disease. Conclusion These findings support the continued investigation of oncolytic HSV as potential therapy for patients with therapy-resistant MPM. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial ocular following in humans: a response to first-order motion energy.

Abstract Visual motion is sensed by low-level (energy-based) and high-level (feature-based) mechanisms. Ocular following responses (OFR) were elicited in humans by applying horizontal motion to vertical square-wave gratings lacking the fundamental (“missing fundamental stimulus”). Motion consisted of successive 1/4-wavelength steps, so the features and 4 n + 1 harmonics (where n = integer) shifted forwards, whereas the 4 n − 1 harmonics—including the strongest Fourier component (the 3rd harmonic)—shifted backwards (spatial aliasing). Initial OFR, recorded with the electromagnetic search coil technique, were always in the direction of the 3rd harmonic, e.g., leftward steps resulted in rightward OFR. Thus, the earliest OFR were strongly dependent on the motion of the major Fourier component, consistent with early spatio-temporal filtering prior to motion detection, as in the well-known energy model of motion analysis.
On the absolute orientation problem in computer vision

An important problem in computer vision is to determine the orientation of a rigid body in an image. This can be accomplished by matching points or line segments that naturally appear on the object. Several elegant and computationally fast algorithms based on the singular value decomposition and quaternions have been introduced to solve this problem. In this article, the authors first examine the important special case of identifying the attitude of 2D objects and introduce a particularly elegant solution based on the mathematical structure of the complex plane. Motivated by this simple solution to the 2D case, a new derivation of the 3D case based on the polar decomposition is presented. This derivation is in many ways more natural than previous derivations, particularly when the model and data contain no noise.
Distributed Practice and Procedural Memory Consolidation in Musicians’ Skill Learning:

This research was designed to determine whether musicians’ learning is affected by the time intervals interposed between practice sessions. Twenty-nine non-pianist musicians learned a 9-note sequence on a piano keyboard in three practice sessions that were separated by 5 min, 6 hr, or 24 hr. Significant improvements in performance accuracy were observed in Session 2 only in the group whose sessions were separated by 24 hr. There were significant increases in performance speed in Session 2 in all three practice conditions, results which likely were attributable to the inclusion of all Session 1 data in the analysis. Additional significant speed increases were observed in Session 3 only in the groups whose sessions were separated by 6 and 24 hr. These results suggest that sleep-based procedural memory consolidation may enhance performance accuracy in music skill learning, whereas enhancements in performance speed may be attributable to both wake- and sleep-based consolidation processes.
Rejection of fish as human food in Africa: A problem in history and ecology

This paper considers the rejection of fish as human food among various African peoples, its distribution and manifestations, its diffusion in historic and prehistoric times, and its possible origins. It is suggested that ultimately the avoidance may derive from the scorn pastoralists commonly exhibit for farmers and their life and ways.
Allopolyploid origin and population genetics of the rare orchid Spiranthes diluvialis.

The process of becoming and the attributes of being polyploid play a major role in the development and maintenance of genetic variation in allopolyploid species. A genetic survey employing protein electrophoresis on 12 populations of S. diluvialis, as well as on populations of eight congeneric species, was conducted to assess the putative allopolyploid origin of S. diluvialis and to determine the genetic variability within and among populations. Genetic identity values indicated S. diluvialis was more similar to S. magnicamporum(0.619) and S. romanzoffiana(0.727) than to any of the other congeneric species assayed. Similar to most allopolyploids, S. diluvialis showed high levels of fixed, or nearly fixed, heterozygosity and a high percentage of polymorphic loci (57.1‐71.4%). The mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus in populations of S. diluvialis (2.6‐3.3), however, was similar to mean values for both animal-pollinated, outcrossing, diploid species, and geographically restricted, diploid species (2.6 and 2.5, respectively). Genetic divergence among populations (mean F st 5 0.083) was low, leading to relatively high estimates of interpopulational gene flow (mean Nm 5 5.41). Thus, each population harbors most of the genetic variability found within the species. The genetic variation observed within S. diluvialis supports the occurrence of at least two separate hybridization events giving rise to S. diluvialis.
Investigation of three new mouse mammary tumor cell lines as models for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Neu pathway signaling studies: identification of a novel model for TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

This report describes the isolation and characterization of three new murine mammary epithelial cell lines derived from mammary tumors from MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)/activated Neu + TβRII-AS (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β type II receptor antisense RNA) bigenic mice (BRI-JM01 and BRI-JM05 cell lines) and MMTV/activated Neu transgenic mice (BRI-JM04 cell line). The BRI-JM01, BRI-JM04, and BRI-JM05 cell lines were analyzed for transgene expression, their general growth characteristics, and their sensitivities to several growth factors from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF-β families (recombinant human EGF, heregulin-β1 and TGF-β1). The BRI-JM01 cells were observed to undergo a striking morphologic change in response to TGF-β1, and they were therefore further investigated for their ability to undergo a TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) using motility assays and immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that two of the three cell lines (BRI-JM04 and BRI-JM05) express the Neu transgene, whereas, unexpectedly, both of the cell lines that were established from MMTV/activated Neu + TβRII-AS bigenic tumors (BRI-JM01 and BRI-JM05) do not express the TβRII-AS transgene. The cuboidal BRI-JM01 cells exhibit a short doubling time and are able to form confluent monolayers. The BRI-JM04 and BRI-JM05 cell lines are morphologically much less uniform, grow at a much slower rate, and do not form confluent monolayers. Only the BRI-JM05 cells can form colonies in soft agar. In contrast, all three cell lines form colonies in Matrigel, although the BRI-JM04 and BRI-JM05 cell lines do so more efficiently than the BRI-JM01 cell line. All three cell lines express the cell surface marker E-cadherin, confirming their epithelial character. Proliferation assays showed that the three cell lines respond differently to recombinant human EGF and heregulin-β1, and that all are growth inhibited by TGF-β1, but that only the BRI-JM01 cell line undergoes an EMT and exhibits increased motility upon TGF-β1 treatment. We suggest that the BRI-JM04 and BRI-JM05 cell lines can be used to investigate Neu oncogene driven mammary tumorigenesis, whereas the BRI-JM01 cell line will be useful for studying TGF-β1-induced EMT.
Enzyme electrode for glucose based on an iodide membrane sensor.

Abstract The construction of a new type of enzyme electrode for the potentiometric determination of glucose is reported. The electrode response is based on the enzymecatalyzed reactions: The highly selective iodide sensor monitors the local decrease in the iodide activity at the electrode surface. The properties of the above reactions were examined kinetically, with flow-stream techniques and potentiometric detection. The glucose electrode constructed and the use of flow-stream experiments with two iodide sensors provided accurate and convenient glucose determinations in the absence of some oxidizing and reducing agents.
The radiation-induced bystander effect for clonogenic survival.

Abstract Sawant, S. G., Zheng, W., Hopkins, K. M., Randers-Pehrson, G., Lieberman, H. B. and Hall, E. J. The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect for Clonogenic Survival. Radiat. Res. 157, 361–364 (2002). It has long been accepted that the radiation-induced heritable effects in mammalian cells are the result of direct DNA damage. Recent evidence, however, suggests that when a cell population is exposed to a low dose of α particles, biological effects occur in a larger proportion of cells than are estimated to have been traversed by α particles. Experiments involving the Columbia University microbeam, which allows a known fraction of cells to be traversed by a defined number of α particles, have demonstrated a bystander effect for clonogenic survival and oncogenic transformation in C3H 10T½ cells. When 1 to 16 α particles were passed through the nuclei of 10% of a C3H 10T½ cell population, more cells were unable to form colonies than were actually traversed by α particles. Both hit and non-hit cells contribu...
Consequences of Induction of Foreign Compound-Metabolizing Enzymes in Insects

Detoxifying enzymes such as microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases (polysubstrate monooxygenases, PSMOs), glutathione transferases, esterases and epoxide hydrolases can be induced by various chemicals in animals. Enzyme induction is a commonly occurring phenomenon representing an effective mechanism of adaptation to external conditions. Most of the induction work has been done with the PSMO system in mammals because of its important role in drug metabolism. The first report of induction of the PSMO enzymes in insects was that of Morello (1964) who found that nymphs of Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were less susceptible to DDT after pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene and produced more polar metabolites from DDT. Since then, induction has been demonstrated in at least 16 other species of insects (Terriere and Yu, 1974; Terriere, 1983, 1984). The PSMOs can be induced by a variety of chemicals with diverse structures including insecticides such as DDT and cyclodienes (Walker and Terriere, 1970; Plapp and Casida, 1970; Yu and Terriere, 1972; Khan and Matsumura, 1972); insect hormones and growth regulators such as ecdysone and juvenile hormone (Yu and Terriere, 1971, 1975; Terriere and Yu, 1976), organic solvents such as pentamethylbenzene (Brattsten and Wilkinson, 1973; Brattsten and Wilkinson, 1977), drugs such as phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene (Agosin et al., 1969; Yu and Terriere, 1973; Gil et al., 1974; Brattsten et al., 1976; Yu and Ing, 1984), butylated hydroxytoluene and triphenyl phosphate (Perry et al., 1971), and allelochemicals such as terpenoids, indoles and flavonoids (Brattsten et al., 1977, 1984; Yu et al., 1979; Yu, 1982a; Yu, 1983).
A CANADIAN ANOPLONYX

Among Hymenoptera which I sent to Provancher in 1855 was a sawfly which he determined as Nematus malacus , Nort. As it did not correspond to the description of that species, it was set aside with some undetermined material. While rearranging my Nematidae, I recently examined the insect to ascertain its position, and found that it had simple claws. As it has not the appearance of Gymnonychus, I was somewhat puzzled until, on examining the wings, I found the lanceolate cell was widely contracted as in the subfamily Cladinae , instead of petiolate as in the Nematinae. The insect, therefore, must be placed in the genus Anoplonyx, which Marlatt has separated from Camponsicus, which has bifid claws. As no representatives of these genera were known to Marlatt when he published his Revision of the Nematinae (Technical Series No.3; Dept. Agric, U.S., 1896), the following description of this Canadian form is submitted:
Isolation of Human IgA Utilizing Protein a Affinity Chromatography

Human serum IgA was isolated employing a system of G-200 column chromatography, anion exchange (DE-52) chromatography, and passage over protein A and anti-IgG Sepharose 4B columns. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of the isolated immunoglobulin revealed polypeptides corresponding to alpha and light immunoglobulin chains of IgA which were identified immunochemically as IgA. Ultracentrifugation studies revealed that the isolated immunoglobulin co-migrated with 7S IgG markers. This procedure may serve as an alternative to classical isolation procedures of IgA from human serum.
Characterization of estrogens, testosterone, and cortisol in normal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) pregnancy

The goal of this study was to describe profiles of serum estrogens, testosterone and cortisol during normal pregnancy in bottlenose dolphins. Predominant estrogens in all categories of dolphin sera pools during estrus and pregnancy (EARLY: Days 0-120; MID: Days 121-240; LATE: Days 241 to parturition; Day 0=day of conception) were estrone/estrone conjugates (E1-C) and estriol (E3). Serum samples collected throughout 101 normal pregnancies were analyzed for E1-C, E3, testosterone (T) and cortisol (CORT). E1-C was higher (P<0.05) during LATE compared to EARLY and MID, and higher (P<0.05) in nulliparous than multiparous females. E1-C concentrations were also inversely associated with maternal age (P=0.05). E3 was higher (P<0.05) in EARLY than MID and LATE, and higher overall for nulliparous than multiparous females, but concentrations were similar among gestational stages when parity was excluded from analyses. Analysis by indexed month post-conception (IMPC) demonstrated that E1-C increased from IMPC 9 and peaked at IMPC 11. E3 was significantly elevated during IMPC 1, decreased until IMPC 6 and peaked at IMPC 11. T increased (P<0.05) at IMPC 3 and continued to increase throughout gestation (P<0.05). CORT was higher (P<0.05) during LATE compared to EARLY and MID (P<0.05), peaked during IMPC 12, and was not affected by parity. Hormone profiles were not influenced by fetal sex.
Índices preliminares do potencial de vendas no Brasil

o que o seu nome sugere: pesquisadas operacoes; mais especificamente, e pesquisa cientifi-ca aplicada as operacoes de uma organizacao.Por organizacao aqui se entende a empresa sob seus as-pectos de comando, rede de comunicacoes e sistema de de-cisoes que faz com que o negocio funcione. Quando fala-mos de pesquisa cientifica, referimo-nos a pesquisa queutiliza principios e tecnicas cientificas reconhecidas. "Ope-racoes", por sua vez, abrange uma grande variedade deatividades; por exemplo, no comercio varejista, pode re-ferir-se a entrada e saida de mercadorias deuma loja devarejo, a entrega de mercadorias aos clientes, a relacao dapropaganda comovolume de vendas e a margem de lucro,ou as atividades relacionadas a tomada de decisoes ou aoplanejamento dos executivos de uma loja.
Composition of grain and forage from insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn, MON 89034 × TC1507 × MON 88017 × DAS-59122-7 (SmartStax), is equivalent to that of conventional corn (Zea mays L.)

Monsanto Company and Dow AgroSciences LLC have developed the combined-trait corn product MON 89034 × TC1507 × MON 88017 × DAS-59122-7 (SmartStax, a registered trademark of Monsanto Technology LLC). The combination of four biotechnology-derived events into a single corn product (stacking) through conventional breeding provides broad protection against lepidopteran and corn rootworm insect pests as well as tolerance to the glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium herbicide families. The purpose of the work described here was to assess whether the nutrient, antinutrient, and secondary metabolite levels in grain and forage tissues of the combined-trait product are comparable to those in conventional corn. Compositional analyses were conducted on grain and forage from SmartStax, a near-isogenic conventional corn hybrid (XE6001), and 14 conventional reference hybrids, grown at multiple locations across the United States. No statistically significant differences between SmartStax and conventional corn were observed for the 8 components analyzed in forage and for 46 of the 52 components analyzed in grain. The six significant differences observed in grain components (p < 0.05) were assessed in context of the natural variability for that component. These results demonstrate that the stacked product, SmartStax, produced through conventional breeding of four single-event products containing eight proteins, is compositionally equivalent to conventional corn, as previously demonstrated for the single-event products.
Table of nuclear electric quadrupole moments

Abstract This Table is a compilation of experimental measurements of static electric quadrupole moments of ground states and excited states of atomic nuclei throughout the periodic table. To aid identification of the states, their excitation energy, half-life, spin and parity are given, along with a brief indication of the method and any reference standard used in the particular measurement. Experimental data from all quadrupole moment measurements actually provide a value of the product of the moment and the electric field gradient [EFG] acting at the nucleus. Knowledge of the EFG is thus necessary to extract the quadrupole moment. A single recommended moment value is given for each state, based, for each element, wherever possible, upon a standard reference moment for a nuclear state of that element studied in a situation in which the electric field gradient has been well calculated. For several elements one or more subsidiary EFG/moment reference is required and their use is specified. The literature search covers the period to mid-2015.
SWAC: Proposed System for the Integrated Assembly of Chromosomes

The generation of a physical map as an integral part of sequence project management is a problem that present computer systems do not address. Primarily, the analysis performed is based solely on the information available from a single knowledge level. Management systems that are currently available do not adequately model the multi-layer top down strategy that is most often utilized to manage large scale sequencing projects. Single layered approaches reflect an algorithmic inadequacy since interacting data sets are required to provide a good solution. The analysis tool that is currently under development termed ISWAC, the Integrated System for Wholistic Assembly of Chromosomes, overcomes these limitations by integrating information available from five layers of knowledge. These knowledge layers utilize information from the linkage map, physical map, restriction map, clone strategy map and the DNA sequence itself. The approach we are implementing, reviews current project status and continually refines the...
Editorial: Cushing's disease and stereotactic radiosurgery

As the authors tell us, long-term remission rates for microadenomas vary from approximately 60% to 90%, and the rates for macroadenomas or invasive tumors are even lower. Even following an initial remission after resection, a recurrence can happen in up to 25% of patients. The cure rate of a repeat transsphenoidal surgery is substantially lower. It is in this setting that radiosurgery has the greatest utility. The use of primary radiosurgery for a clearly defined microadenoma is mainly for medically infirm patients since resection in this setting could provide faster remission.
Classics: Curriculum & Profession

The challenges currently facing classicists are not so different from those our profession has faced for the last one hundred and fifty years, and with each challenge, a discipline sometimes imagined by outsiders to be slow to embrace the new has shown itself naturally disposed to experimentation. The discipline's agility derives from the unique degree of variegation in the modes of thinking required to thrive in it: from interpretive, to quantitative, to those relying on knowledge of culture and context. As the value of education is increasingly judged in terms of workforce development, we stand our best chance to thrive by sticking to our strengths, and anchoring our curricular goals and messages to the value of the liberal arts as a whole, as well as the intellectual dexterity that it fosters.
Gamma-Ray Induced Radiation Damage Up to 340 Mrad in Various Scintillation Crystals

Because of their superb energy resolution and detection efficiency scintillation crystals are widely used in high energy and nuclear physics experiments. A crucial issue is radiation damage in crystals. We report an investigation on $\gamma $ -ray induced radiation damage in various crystal scintillators of large size, including ${\rm BaF}_{2}$ , BGO, ${\rm CeF}_{3}$ , pure CsI, LSO/LYSO/LFS and PWO, with an integrated dose up to 340 Mrad and a dose rate up to 1 Mrad/h. Optical and scintillation properties of these crystal samples were measured before and after irradiations. The results show that pure CsI has good radiation hardness below 100 krad. ${\rm BaF}_{2}$ , BGO and LYSO have good radiation hardness beyond 1 Mrad. In terms of light output degradation LYSO is clearly the best among all scintillation crystals.
Ethical Concerns for Physicians Deployed to Operation Desert Storm

A survey of 600 Army and Navy physicians deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm was conducted to ascertain their concerns pertaining to the ethics of combat medicine and note any similarities with common ethical concerns in the peacetime practice of medicine. Despite expressed familiarity with the Geneva Convention of 1949 outlining care of enemy wounded and civilian populations, many stated that these guidelines did not apply to their practice experience. Thirty-three percent disagreed with medical need as the sole determinant for care in triage, and 22% stated that enemy prisoners of war should receive care only after allied forces had been treated. Other concerns about the ethical practice of medicine during and after war were raised to include access to care, balancing goods and harms, resource allocation, and the definition of medical futility.
Preventing congestive heart failure

The morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with congestive heart failure make prevention a more attractive public health strategy than treatment. Aggressive management of etiologic factors, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, valvular disease and excessive alcohol intake, can prevent the left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction that lead to heart failure. Early intervention with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction can prevent, as well as treat, the syndrome. Several intervention strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction can slow or prevent the left ventricular remodeling process that antedates congestive heart failure. The primary care physician must be alert to the need for aggressive intervention to reduce the burden of heart failure syndrome on the patient and on society.
Offshore Project Characteristics and Cost Factors

Offshore wind projects are complex, capital intensive engineering endeavors and a large number of factors influence development strategies and costs. The design, logistics, vessel requirements, and physical infrastructure of each offshore farm are unique but physical similarities in the technology lead to a number of project similarities. Service markets, levels of competition, environmental conditions, and government support vary regionally and introduce diversity, and the degree to which these factors differ will determine how closely the European experience will translate to U.S. markets. The purpose of this chapter is to describe general characteristics of offshore wind farm development with an emphasis on factors that influence cost comparisons. We discuss how system design factors interact and create similarities between farms, the factors that influence installation vessel market conditions, and contracting strategies and risk. Data limitations impact our ability to generalize cost statistics and a discussion of decommissioning requirements and liability issues concludes the discussion.
Richard Doddridge Blackmore and Springhaven (1887)

R. D. Blackmore (1825–1900), remembered today primarily for Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor (1869), began his professional career as a poet. His three undersized volumes of poems, published in 1854 and 1855, stirred up no interest among readers, and no enthusiasm from reviewers.
Abstract IA06: Role of TCR specificity in regulatory T cell selection

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in preserving self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Because of this, Treg cells generate a natural barrier to immune mediated tumor rejection. Here, we will discuss the process of thymic education that generates a self-reactive Treg cell population which can suppress both autoimmune and anti-tumor responses. Treg cell selection in the thymus is primarily mediated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the medulla, including medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that express the transcription factor Aire, as well as bone marrow (BM) APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). Using TCR repertoire analysis of fixed TCRβ chain mice, we recently reported that BM APCs and mTECs make substantial contributions to negative and Treg cell selection. Interestingly, Aire-dependent TCRs were often dependent on BM APC antigen presentation, even though Aire expression itself is restricted to mTECs. Analysis of a selected set of Aire- and BM APC co-dependent TCRs suggests that Batf3-dependent CD8α+ DCs are the major BM APC subset responsible for co-operative antigen presentation. We will also discuss TCR repertoire analyses of Batf3/mice deficient in CD8α+ DCs, as well as potential mechanisms of antigen-transfer from mTECs to DCs and the implications on Treg cell recognition of self-antigens. Citation Format: Chyi-Song Hsieh. Role of TCR specificity in regulatory T cell selection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Full-duplex self-interference mitigation analysis for direct conversion RF nonlinear MIMO channel models with IQ mismatch

In this paper, the self-interference mitigation performance of in-band full-duplex multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nodes is considered in the context of models for realistic hardware characteristics in which antennas are reused to transmit and receive simultaneously. The use of MIMO indicates a self-interference channel with spatially diverse inputs and outputs. Consequently, there are both MIMO channels for self interference and MIMO channels between the intended transmit array and receive array. Furthermore, physical transceivers suffer from nonlinearities and other nonidealities including IQ mismatch associated with direct conversion RF. Approaches to address self-interference mitigation under this model are presented and performances are detailed.
Diversity in Learning

As learning organizations, companies want to have a learning environment for their employees. Inside them, learning transpires not only within educational opportunities (e.g., online, classroom, on-the-job) but within the totality of the business experience. Within the business environment, among a host of other diversities, one finds three types of learning diversity: how employees learn, what environmental relations they have experienced, and varied theoretical learning foundations. This chapter furnishes a look at the types of diversity present within a business by taking these three types of employee diversity in business and subdividing them into components. Furthermore, the chapter details instructional tasks that can be delivered to a diverse clientele (the employees) by providing a variety of learning exercises that can be adapted by supervisors and trainers alike.
Redox Regulation of a Gain-of-Function Mutation (N308D) in SHP2 Noonan Syndrome.

SHP2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2; PTPN11) is a ubiquitous multidomain, nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that plays an important role in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Noonan syndrome (NS). NS is one of the most common genetic disorders associated with congenital heart disease, and approximately half of the patients with Noonan syndrome have gain-of-function mutations in SHP2. One of the most common NS mutations is N308D. The activity of SHP2, like that of most PTPs, is reversibly inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular basis of this inactivation and the consequences of NS-related mutations in PTPN11 on ROS-mediated inhibition are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanistic and structural details of the reversible oxidation of the NS variant SHP2N308D. We show that SHP2N308D is more sensitive to oxidation when compared with wild-type SHP2. We also show that although the SHP2N308D catalytic domain can be rea...
Project THANKS: Examining HIV/AIDS-Related Barriers and Facilitators to Care in African American Women: A Community Perspective

Abstract Project THANKS, (Turning HIV/AIDS into Knowledge for Sisters), is an evidence-based intervention that utilizes a community-based participatory and empowerment building approach for African American female substance abusers living with HIV and other chronic diseases. This qualitative study sought to gain insight from women living with HIV on how to improve Project THANKS. African American women living with substance abuse disorders, HIV, and other comorbidities were recruited from three community based health centers in New Jersey (N = 31). Ninety minute focus group sessions were implemented in each health center. The focus group sessions were designed to understand the perceived factors influencing the participants' ability to self-manage their health conditions and challenges they are currently facing regarding their diagnoses. The barriers and suggestions presented by participants included addressing stigmatization, managing mental health symptoms, improving physician–patient trust, accessing h...
William James’s Argument for a Finite Theism

As part of his general polemic against monism and idealism, William James advocated a God, or a multitude of gods, as both limited in influence and set off against other forces in the cosmos. It was by championing a deity amenable to a pluralistic and open-ended universe that James sought not only to promote the morally vigorous life, but to do justice to the full texture of human experience. What follows is an exploration and critical analysis of James’s finite theism. After briefly tracing the development of James’s concept of deity throughout his philosophical writings, I concentrate upon, and assess, the complex argument offered in A Pluralistic Universe. Along the way, the relevance of Henry James Sr., Richard Gale, and Alfred North Whitehead is brought into the discussion.
Offspring Effects upon Parents

The idea that offspring affect the behavior of their caregivers is not new. Early concepts of instinct portrayed the activities of animals as mechanical reactions to external stimulation—including stimuli emanating from the young; the Darwinian revolution simply provided a secular explanation for their origins.
Pronation-external rotation ankle fractures in 3 professional football players.

We found no reports of ankle fracture management in professional football players in the orthopedic literature. In this small series of ankle fractures in professional football players, all 3 had the same pronation-external rotation injury pattern. Given the high demands placed on the ankle by these professional athletes, we chose to use a 4.5-mm screw for fixation of the syndesmosis and a 3.5-mm reconstruction plate for fibular fixation to provide the most stable fixation. All 3 athletes were able to return to preinjury levels of athletic participation in the NFL without residual pain or stiffness. Language: en
"We have to be mythbusters": Clinician attitudes about the legitimacy of patient concerns and dissatisfaction with contraception.

Abstract Although women in the United States use birth control at high rates, they also discontinue it at high rates, often citing dissatisfaction and side effects. At the same time, research shows that clinicians often neglect to discuss or discursively downplay the importance of side effects in contraceptive counseling. Scholars have yet to consider how clinicians' beliefs about the legitimacy of patient concerns and dissatisfaction may undergird these patterns. This study uses in-depth interviews with reproductive healthcare providers (N = 24) to examine their attitudes about common complaints regarding hormonal birth control. I identify how their reliance on formal medical knowledge, including evidence-based models, can lead them to frame patients' experiences or concerns about side effects as “myths” or “misconceptions” to be corrected rather than legitimized. I also describe a pattern of providers portraying negative side effects as normal to contraception and therefore encouraging patients to “stick with” methods despite dissatisfaction. Finally, I explore how these themes manifest in racialized and classed discourses about patient populations. I discuss the potential cumulative impact of these attitudes – if providers do carry them into clinical practice, they can have the effect of minimizing patient concerns and dissatisfaction, while steering women towards more effective methods of contraception.
Impact of endotracheal tube biofilm and respiratory secretions on airway resistance and mechanics of breathing in a neonatal lung model

This is the first study to our knowledge to characterize the impact of endotracheal tube (ETT) biofilm and respiratory secretions on resistance to airflow in a neonatal ETT using a simulation neona...
Effects of Environment, Feed Form, and Caloric Density on Energy Partitioning, Subsequent Performance and immune response

SUMMARY Past literature lacks studies that compare diets containing an improved feed form vs. an increased energy. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of variations of feed form and dietary caloric density on broilers reared on clean shavings and built-up litter. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized block design within a split plot. Whole plot treatments considered one room (11 × 7.32 m) of either clean shavings or built-up litter; divided into 16 treatment replications of either standard (30%) or improved (80% feed form), and 16 replications of either commercial or increased (+110 kcal/kg) dietary caloric density comprising the 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Broilers consuming an improved feed form demonstrated an improved feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio, breast weight and breast yield (P 0.05) compared to broilers provided standard feed form at increased energy regardless of environment. These data suggest feed form improvements may partition energy towards growth more than feeding an increased energy diet.
Accurate and Efficient Non-Parametric Background Detection for Video Surveillance

In this paper, we propose an adaptive, non-parametric method of separating background from foreground in static camera video feed. Our algorithm processes each frame pixel-wise, and calculates a probability density function at each location using previously observed values at that location. This method makes several improvements over the traditional kernel density estimation model, accomplished through applying a dynamic learning weight to observed intensity values in the function, consequentially eradicating the large computational and memory load often associated with non-parametric techniques. In addition, we propose a novel approach to the classic background segmentation issue of “ghosting” by exploiting the spatial relationships among pixels.
Design and Performance of a Prototype Magnetic Calorimeter Array for the Lynx X-Ray Microcalorimeter

We describe a small-scale demonstration of an X-ray microcalorimeter using metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) that consist of superconducting meander-shaped sensor coils with very fine pitches. These devices are being developed for potential future astrophysics missions, such as Lynx. Because Lynx requires more than 100 000 pixels on a pitch of around 50 μm, the pixels and array designs are challenging to fabricate. We have fabricated prototype superconducting Nb meander coils with pitches of 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 5.0 μm to determine the most optimal geometry for coupling the MMC magnetization signal to the SQUIDs used to read them out. The Nb sensor coils and microstrip wiring are buried beneath the surface of a planarized silicon wafer. There are four buried Nb layers, and these are connected through superconducting Nb vias. We have observed a large critical current of ~ 30 mA for pixels with the finest pitch meander, which have a Nb width of 0.4 μm. We have characterized each pixel geometry from the magnetization, heat capacity, and thermal conductance measurements. The preliminary measured energy resolution from pixels in these geometries is also discussed.
Creating a Safe Environment for Innovators

This chapter examines the role of the EdTech team in supporting faculty who dare to explore technology-driven modes and methods of teaching and scholarship. It describes resources and training for faculty seeking to learn and implement new pedagogical tools or to explore digital scholarship. It also outlines EdTech’s role as an advocate for faculty who use technology in their teaching or scholarship throughout the process of faculty reappointment, tenure, and promotion. Examples of this advocacy include—raising awareness of new modes of scholarly publishing and ensuring that online faculty receive mentoring, feedback, and guidance similar to faculty in the classroom. Finally, this chapter argues that creating a safe and encouraging environment for academics who engage in emerging and sometimes untested practices is rooted in best practices for organizational change and reflects the college’s values of progress and diversity.