cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychostimulant effects on academic and behavioral measures for ADHD junior high school students in a lecture format classroom.

This study evaluated the effects of two doses of psychostimulants on nine ADHD students' performance in a classroom designed to be analogous to a junior high school American history class conducted during a summer treatment program. Double-bline, placebo-controlled assessment revealed significant and clinically important effects of psychostimulants on quiz and test performance, observations of attention and behavior during lectures, and teacher ratings, as well as accuracy on assignments completed during study hall. Analysis of individual differences revealed a 66% positive response rate. The implications for use of psychostimulants with ADHD young adolescents are discussed.
Improving Acid Production in Soy-Based Yogurt by Adding Cheese Whey Proteins and Mineral Salts

Studies were conducted to further elucidate factors responsible for inability of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus yogurt culture to produce lactic acid and flavor in soy-based yogurt made with isolated soy protein and soymilk. Partial replacement of ISP with fresh cheese whey or whey protein isolate, or addition of phosphate and citrate ions resulted in physical stability defects in soy-based yogurt. They also failed to improve acid and flavor development or provide a 1:1 number concentration ratio of the two culture bacteria types. SM-based yogurt had lower acid development than ISP-based yogurt. Addition of commercial sodium caseinate stimulated acid development in SM-based yogurt.
Tag, you're hit: retroviral insertions identify genes involved in cancer

Retroviral integrations have been used for many years to identify genes involved in cancer. The recently published mouse genome sequence has allowed large-scale identification of potential human cancer genes and their classification into distinct signaling pathways.
Considerations for Microwave Remote Sensing of Ocean-Surface Salinity

Parametric calculations of the microwave emission from the ocean surface are presented to determine the optimum electromagnetic wavelength for measuring salinity. At 800 MHz, a target accuracy of 240 parts per million is within the state of the art provided that emission due to surface roughness is negligible, or correctable, and that the error resulting from galactic radiation can be removed using an upward-looking antenna. Examples of salinity measurements relevant to physical oceanography are presented, and a possible spacecraft University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.system is discussed.
Counseling tools alone do not improve method continuation: further evidence from the decision-making tool for family planning clients and providers in Nicaragua

Abstract Background The decision-making tool (DMT) was developed by the World Health Organization's Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Program's staff to promote clients' informed choice and participation in family planning service delivery, to enable providers to apply evidence-based best practices during client-provider interaction and to provide the technical information necessary for optimal delivery of contraceptive methods. This tool has been tested in several countries and been shown to improve the quality of counseling for family planning clients. Study Design We conducted intercept and follow-up home interviews with new family planning acceptors in three health departments in Nicaragua to assess the impact of the DMT on method continuation and counseling experiences. The study was a quasi-experimental design with 65 experimental and control clinic sites. Results Analyses of overall and method-specific contraceptive use rates revealed no differences between experimental and control clinic clients. However, clients in the experimental group reported better counseling experiences than their counterparts in the control group. Conclusion The authors conclude that sufficient evidence exists that counseling alone — with or without specialized job aids — does not influence contraceptive use rates. A new strategy is needed to help women maintain use of family planning methods.
The Impact of State Abortion Policies on Teen Pregnancy Rates

The availability of abortion provides insurance against unwanted pregnancies since abortion is the only birth control method which allows women to avoid an unwanted birth once they are pregnant. Restrictive state abortion policies, which increase the cost of obtaining an abortion, may increase women’s incentive to alter their pregnancy avoidance behavior, thereby reducing the likelihood of unwanted pregnancies. This study, using state-level data for the years 1982, 1992, and 2000, examines the impact of restrictive state abortion laws on teen pregnancy rates. The empirical results indicate that the price of an abortion, Medicaid funding restrictions, and informed consent laws reduce teen, minor teen and non-minor teen pregnancy rates. The empirical results suggest that these abortion policy restrictions affect the unprotected sexual activity of teens resulting in fewer unwanted teen pregnancies.
Milk Serum Proteins. I. A Quantitative Biuret Test for Milk Serum Proteins

Abstract The biuret reaction was applied to a quantitative colorimetric test for milk serum protein solutions. The method is simple and rapid, the solutions are free of turbidity and the response is nearly linear. Full development of the Cu-protein color requires about 30min., after which the color is stable at least 24 hr. Lactose and calcium phosphate were found to interfere in direct application of the test to whey. Dialysis of the whey was necessary to obtain normal values. Concentrations of NaCl, Na 2 S0 4 or ethanol as used in protein fractionation interfered with the test. Standard curves were prepared for protein solutions containing known concentrations of these reagents. The color response of casein is different than that for milk serum protein; therefore, mixtures of these proteins cannot be analyzed by the biuret test.
Use of Statical Indentation Laws in the Impact Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates

The low-velocity impact response of graphite/epoxy laminates was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A nine-node isoparametric plate finite element in conjunction with an empirical contact law was used for the theoretical investigation. Theoretical results are in good agreement with strain-gage experimental data. The results of the investigation indicate that the present theoretical procedure describes the impact response of laminate for low-impact velocities.
A computer aided methodology for the design of decentralized controllers

Abstract The use of decentralized controller is justified if tuning is simplified and the resulting control system is failure tolerant. The ability to satisfy these criteria with a given plant depends, in turn, on the choices of control structure and tuning parameters. Interaction Measures (IM's) are analysis tools which aid the designer in addressing each of these choices in a rigorous, quantitative manner. This communication presents a synopsis of existing IM's and shows how these can form the basis of a computer aided methodology for the design of decentralized controllers.
Self-efficacy estimates for drug use practices predict risk reduction among injection drug users

We used baseline outcome efficacy (OE) estimates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction to predict subsequent risk reduction 6 months hence among 792 injection drug users in a prospective study. Declines in drug use, frequency of injection, and needle sharing were found among those with high OE scores after adjustment for baseline behavior and antecedent factors. No OE effect was found in multivariate analysis for shooting gallery attendance, a risk that substantially declined in this cohort. OE for needle disinfection was associated with reduced drug risk behaviors, but not for improved needle hygiene practices over time. The self-efficacy model is useful in understanding psychological factors in risk reduction among injection drug users.
Singlet oxygen production by biological systems

Singlet oxygen (1 delta g) is a highly reactive, short-lived intermediate which readily oxidizes a variety of biological molecules. The biochemical production of singlet oxygen has been proposed to contribute to the destructive effects seen in a number of biological processes. Several model biochemical systems have been shown to produce singlet oxygen. These systems include the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations of halide ions, the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations of indole-3-acetic acid, the lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of unsaturated long chain fatty acids and the bleomycin-catalyzed decomposition of hydroperoxides. Results from these model systems should not be uncritically extrapolated to living systems. Recently, however, an intact cell, the human eosinophil, was shown to generate detectable amounts of singlet oxygen. This result suggests that singlet oxygen may be shown to be a significant biochemical intermediate in a few biological processes.
Complication of the Essure Implant Sterilization Procedure: A Case Report

This paper is a case report illustrating a patient who had the insertion of the Essure Implant (Conaptus (CPTS), Mountainview, CA) with a perforation into the peritoneal cavity and entrapment into the omentum, causing chronic pain. It illustrates how this small implant can cause morbidity, and the use of fluoroscopy can aid in locating the tiny microinsert if it is dislodged into the abdominal cavity.
Viscoelastic behavior over a wide range of time and frequency in tin alloys : SnCd and SnSb

All materials exhibit some viscoelastic response, which can manifest itself as creep, relaxation, or, if the load is sinusoidal in time, a phase angle {delta} between stress and strain. Recently, a study of pure elements with low melting points, Cd, In, Pb, and Sn disclosed that cadmium exhibited a substantial loss tangent of 0.03 to 0.04 over much of the audio range of frequencies, combined with a moderate stiffness G = 20.7 GPa. Lead, by contrast, exhibited tan {delta} of 0.005 to 0.016 in the audio range. Indium exhibited a high loss tangent exceeding 0.1 at very low frequency. A eutectic alloy of indium and tin was found to exhibit substantial damping exceeding 0.1 below 0.1 Hz, and this alloy was used to make a composite exhibiting high stiffness and high damping. It is the purpose of this communication to present viscoelastic properties of two additional low melting point alloys, SnCd and SnSb. Both InSn and SnSb are used as solders. Although the melting point of Sb is 630.74 C, T{sub H} > 0.55 at ambient temperature for the alloy of SnSb (95 wt% Sn/5 wt% Sb) which melts near 240 C. Eutectic SnCd melts at 177 C so T{submore » H} {approx} 0.65 at room temperature.« less
Dispersion equations for steady waves in an anisotropic elastic plate or a layered plate

Steady waves propagating in a plate that consists of one or more layers of general anisotropic elastic material are studied. The surface of the plate can be a traction-free (F), rigid (R) or slippe...
A criterion for the diagonal expansion of a second-order probability distribution in orthogonal polynomials

In a recent paper,1 Barrett and Lampard introduced an expansion for second-order probability distributions which expresses such a distribution as a double series involving orthogonal polynomials associated with the corresponding first-order probability distributions. Several interesting consequences were derived for the class, A, consisting of all second-order distributions having a diagonal expansion of the form
Differential behavior of cytotoxic effector cells against HLA antigens in strong genetic linkage disequilibrium.

Five sets of cytotoxic effector cells were generated, using haploidentical, first degree relatives in five different families, against the HLA-A3; B7 serological determinants combined with different DR antigens. When tested against a panel of cells bearing combinations of the HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens it was shown that the HLA-B7 antigen was as strong a CML target determinant alone as it was in the presence of HLA-A3. The strength of the HLA-A3 antigen as target determinant varied. With effector cells primed to the HLA-A3; B7; DR2 haplotype, the A3 antigen alone behaved as a weak target determinant. When the same target cells were tested with the effector cells generated against HLA-A3; B7 without DR2, the A3 antigen behaved as a strong target determinant. A number of target cells lacking the serologically detectable HLA determinants present on the sensitizing HLA haplotype were identified as being killed by specific effector cells. These data suggest either a number of new CML target determinants controlled by different loci or the presence of a single, new locus with multiple alleles controlling CML targets.
Clinical Applications of Risk-Assessment Protocols in the Management of Individual Patients

Abstract Background . Cardiac surgical databases are typically used to compare performance rather than to predict performance. Application of analytic techniques to representative clinical data allows for the creation of highly reliable prediction models for outcomes such as mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods . The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group collects clinical data from the six regional cardiac institutions. The four basic components of the one-page clinical data form are demographic information, comorbidity data, severity of illness data, and outcomes. From these, a mathematical model predicts the likelihood of inhospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. Results . The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group mortality prediction rule was validated and found to predict and discriminate well. It is updated yearly based on the most current data. At Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, the rule has been combined with other decision-support tools based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association indications for coronary artery bypass grafting. These data are compared with data supplied by patients on their expectations for operation and their assessments of acceptable mortality risk. By expanding the database to include variables such as 5-year survival and additional outcomes, and additional interventions, an "electronic second opinion" is made available to clinicians. Conclusions . Although experience with decision-support tools has been positive, prediction rules have certain limitations. Their accuracy depends on data that are consistently tracked; thus, transfer to other patient populations must be approached with caution. The challenge for the future is to develop and validate similar techniques that apply to more difficult clinical situations.
Visitation at County Jails: Potential Policy Implications:

This study sought to better understand the concerns of correctional officers and visitors about the process of visitation at five county jails in Pennsylvania. Two qualitative methods, observations...
Prorenin in high concentrations in human ovarian follicular fluid

Although the kidney is a major source of prorenin, the precursor of renin, there are extrarenal sources for plasma prorenin that have not been identified. The selective increase in plasma prorenin at the time of ovulation suggested that one of these sources might be the ovary. Prorenin was therefore measured in fluid aspirated from 18 ovarian follicles and in plasma collected from three women who were undergoing in vitro fertilization. The follicular fluid contained high concentrations of prorenin that were approximately 12 times higher than plasma prorenin. The prorenin from follicular fluid was immunochemically identical to kidney and plasma prorenin. Thus, the ovary is a likely source for the ovulatory peak of plasma prorenin.
Role of a Hypophysial Luteotrophic Substance in the Function of Porcine Corpora Lutea

Hypophysial blockade, achieved by the injection of large doses of progesterone into pigs, and begun one or 2 days before ovulation, on the day of ovulation, or one day after ovulation, could not prevent the formation and maintenance of corpora lutea for 14 days—the normal duration of the luteal phase in pigs. In spite of continuous hypophysial blockade for 7–10 days, the formed corpora lutea contained nearnormal amounts of progesterone at autopsy. We conclude that, in animals in which ovulation occurs, corpora lutea need no sustained hypophysial impetus (beyond that obtained at ovulation) for normal structure and function. (Endocrinology 74: 9, 1964)
Making in-class competitions desirable for marginalized groups

Inspired by research that indicates that direct competition is not always comfortable for female students, we redesigned an existing class competition to permit students to choose whether they wished to participate in either direct or indirect competition. We pilot tested it in the Spring of 2013 in a undergraduate/graduate class on introductory artificial intelligence at the University of Oklahoma. Although the results for female students are inconclusive due to their small number, we observed that international students embraced the indirect competitions. This suggests that allowing the option of indirect competition may also appeal other groups of students who can be marginalized in engineering. Our results indicate the international students prefer the less risky option of indirect competition.
A survey of seventy-five cases

Abstract The odontogenic tumors are classified into three groups: Epithelial, mesenchymal, and mixed. The dentinoma, a pure mesenchymal tumor, is composed of connective tissue in which denticles or islands of irregularly formed dentine are present. The odontogenic mixed tumors consist of epithelial and mesodermal elements which are in combination in various proportions and arrangements. Three types are recognized: Soft, soft and calcified, and calcified. The soft type has been differentiated from the solid adamantoblastoma. There is evidence of the inductive influences of one tissue on another in the odontogenic mixed tumors. It is noted that epithelium in these tumors seems to stimulate dentine formation, but that the presence of epithelium is not necessary for the production of dentine. Also, dentine is formed in the presence of epithelial cells not differentiated into ameloblasts. Neoplastic adamantine tissue and enamel-forming ameloblasts have been distinguished. The presence of these two types accounts, in part, for the formation of the soft and calcified odontogenic mixed tumors.
The insecurity of two proxy signcryption schemes: proxy credential forgery attack and how to prevent it

Securing different online e-business activities usually requires applying different cryptographic algorithms. The proxy signcryption algorithms are designed for applications such as online proxy auction or online proxy signatures on business contracts, which require a proxy agent to sign on confidential messages. This paper proposes a proxy credential forgery attack to two recent proxy signcryption schemes in the literature. Using the attack, a malicious proxy signer can create a fake proxy credential from his original credential to extend his signing power. Simple modifications to these two schemes are also provided in this paper to prevent the attack without adding too much computational complexity. In addition to the contribution of introducing a new type of attacks to signcryption schemes, the paper also points out that, while designing a secure proxy signcryption scheme, not only the unforgeability of proxy signatures is important, but also that of proxy credentials as well.
Biotransformation of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, HCFC-123, and HFC-134a by methanotrophic mixed culture MM1

This research investigated the potential for methanotrophic biotransformation of three HCFCs — chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22); 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); and 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123); and one HFC — 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). All of these compounds were biotransformed to differing degrees by methanotrophic mixed culture MM1. Rates of transformation were obtained by monitoring disappearance of the target compounds from the headspace in batch experiments. Henry's constants were determined over a range of conditions to enable estimation of the intrinsic rates of transformation. Intrinsic rates of transformation were obtained by combining a second order rate expression with an expression describing loss of transformation activity due to either endogenous decay or product toxicity. For HCFC-123 and HFC-134a, the independently measured endogenous decay rate for mixed culture MM1 (0.594/day) was sufficient to account for the observed loss of transformation activity with time. However, the endogenous decay rate did not account for the loss of transformation activity for HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b. A model based on product toxicity provided a reasonable representation of the loss of transformation activity for these compounds. The order of reactivity was HCFC-22>HCFC-142b>HFC-134a>HCFC-123, with second order rate coefficients of 0.014, 0.0096, 0.00091, and 0.00054 l/mg-day, respectively. Transformation capacities for HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b were 2.47 and 1.11 µg substrate/mg biomass, respectively.
Optical Spectroscopy of Grafted Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s in Water and Water−DMF Mixtures

The synthesis and spectral characterization of three grafted poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPE) are reported. These polymers contain identical chromophores/fluorophores yet show different absorption and emission spectra in DMF and DMF−water mixtures. While some of the spectral properties of the PPEs are similar to those of didodecyl-PPE, their spectroscopic properties in DMF−water mixtures differ significantly from those of didodecyl-PPE in CHCl3. An example is the lactide-substituted PPE, which shows absorption spectra that are reminiscent of those obtained for didodecyl-PPE in poor solvents but emission spectra that resemble those of didodecyl-PPE in a good solvent. Emission shifts occur in these PPEs when going from DMF to water. In the case of the lactide-PPE, a surprising hypsochromic emission shift of 10 nm is observed. This apparent shift is attributed to the preferred aggregation and self-quenching of the longer chains, leaving shorter, blue-emissive chains nonaggregated.
AN EXAMINATION OF ASKED‐BID SPREADS FOR TWO OVER‐THE‐COUNTER MARKET SEGMENTS

Previous studies of over-the-counter (OTC) asked-bid spread behavior treat the sample stocks as a homogeneous group. Actually, there are several segments of the OTC market, ranging from the recently created National Market System to the pink sheets. We find that although previously proposed independent variables (risk, transaction rate, number of dealers, and price) determine inside spreads for two OTC market segments in ways consistent with the results of others, the models do explain the observed spreads differently.
SageBook: searching data-graphics by content

Currently, there are many hypertext-like tools and database retrieval systems that use keyword search as a means of navigation. While useful for certain tasks, keyword search is insufficient for browsing databases of data-graphics. SageBook is a system that searches among existing datagraphics, so that they can be reused with new data. In order to fulfill the needs of retrieval and reuse, it provides: 1) a direct manipulation, graphical query interface; 2) a content description language that can express important relationships for retrieving data-graphics; 3) automatic description of stored data-graphics based on their content; 4) search techniques sensitive to the structure and similarity among data-graphics; 5) manual and automatic adaptation tools for altering data-graphics so that they can be reused with new data.
Public administration and the constitutional bicentennial: An essay on research

The forthcoming centennial of American Public Administration falls in the same year as the bicentennial of the Constitution. This co-incidence suggests the propriety of examining the constitutional origins of the profession of Public Administration. This article notes the clash between the “two cultures” of administration and constitutionalism, proposes reasons for serious research into the constitutional foundations of contemporary administration, and provides several examples of suitable questions for this research.
Bounded deficiency in the comparison of the means of two normal populations

Abstract Consider the problem of sequentially testing which of two normally distributed treatments has a larger mean response. A Bayesian formulation of this problem, where the treatment means have conjugate priors, is used. If we restrict our attention to the class of procedures using the Kiefer and Sacks shopping time then we will not exceed the minimum Bayes risk by more than the cost of a fixed number of observations, uniformly over conjugate priors. Using this we then develop procedures with a bounded deficiency. If the sampling costs were increasing than these procedures will reduce the expected number of patients assigned to the inferior (lower mean) treatment.
Heat transfer—A review of 1968 literature

~ODUC~ON THIS review is concerned with research in the field of heat transfer, the results of which have been published during 1968 or late in 1967. The number of papers in this field publish~ annually is now exceeding a figure of 2000. A selection only can, therefore, be included in this review. A more detailed listing is contained in the Heat Transfer Bibliographies published periodically in this journal. As in previous years, a number of conferences were devoted to heat transfer. The 1968 Heat
Screening for Lung Cancer: It Works, but Does It Really Work?

After the publication of the NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) results, physicians will be faced with whether to begin ordering low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest to screen for lung cancer in patients with a history of tobacco use. Despite the encouraging reduction in deaths observed by using LDCT in the NLST study population, recommending adoption of lung cancer screening in general practice is premature. Lessons learned from prostate and breast cancer screening should remind us that the reductions in deaths expected with screening are unfortunately not as readily achievable as initially believed. Furthermore, the potential harms of false-positive findings on chest computed tomography are very real. The morbidity and even mortality associated with invasive diagnostic testing and surgical resection due to false- and true-positive findings on computed tomography are likely to increase when the approach taken in the NLST is applied in non-specialty care settings and among the population at highest risk, namely, those with smoking-related comorbid conditions. Although the NLST results are perhaps encouraging, they do not tell us enough that we can be sure that patients who undergo LDCT in an attempt to find early-stage lung cancer will have more benefit than harm.
Ankle Interpositional Xenograft Arthroplasty

The options for managing ankle arthritis in younger, active patients are limited and include arthrodesis, distraction arthroplasty, allograft joint replacement, and distal tibial osteotomies. The use of xenograft material has gained popularity and been used successfully in orthopedics for tendon and cartilage repair in the recent years. We describe a technique of interpositional ankle arthroplasty by using xenograft collagen material (SurgiMend; TEI Biosciences, Boston, MA). Although long-term outcomes are still unknown, the short-term follow up is very promising. This procedure is a valuable technique in the armamentarium of procedures to surgically treat ankle arthritis in younger patients.
Experimental study of secondary flow in a magnetohydrodynamic channel

The Hall effect in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow of a plasma leads to the presence of transverse Lorentz forces. The non-uniform distribution of these body forces may cause secondary flows to develop; these can exert a significant influence on the plasma momentum, thermal and electrical behaviour. The effect is predicted to be large for envisioned large-scale MHD devices. An experimental study of this phenomenon is described. The apparatus consisted of a laboratory-scale MHD channel in which a controlled net axial current was applied. Plasma velocities were measured using laser-Doppler anemometry. The results demonstrate that transverse Lorentz forces can drive intense secondary flows at a value of the magnetic interaction parameter based on the Hall current of approximately one. The peak measured transverse velocities were 15% of the bulk velocity. Qualitatively, the basic character of the large-scale secondary flow structure was in accord with a simple model based on a first-order distribution of the axial current density. Measurements were also made under a variety of conditions of the profiles of mean axial velocity and of the axial and transverse components of turbulence intensity, of electrode surface temperatures and of plasma voltage distributions. These results all support the conclusion that convective transport by MHD secondary flow caused significant asymmetries to develop in the cross-plane distribution of scalar quantities.
Increasing copayments and adherence to diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemic medications.

Objective: To examine the impact of a medication copayment increase on adherence to diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemic medications. Study Design: Retrospective pre–post observational study. Methods: This study compared medication adherence at 4 Veterans Affairs medical centers between veterans who were exempt from copayments and propensity-matched veterans who were not exempt. The diabetes sample included 1069 exempt veterans and 1069 nonexempt veterans, the hypertension sample included 3545 exempt veterans and 3545 nonexempt veterans, and the sample of veterans taking statins included 2029 exempt veterans and 2029 nonexempt veterans. The main outcome measure was medication adherence 12 months before and 23 months after the copayment increase. Adherence differences were assessed in a difference-in-difference approach by using generalized estimating equations that controlled for time, copayment exemption, an interaction between time and copayment exemption, and patient demographics, site, and other factors. Results: Adherence to all medications increased in the short term for all veterans, but then declined in the longer term (February-December 2003). The change in adherence between the preperiod and the postperiod was significantly different for exempt and nonexempt veterans in all 3 cohorts, and nonadherence increased over time for veterans required to pay copayments. The impact of the copayment increase was particularly adverse for veterans with diabetes who were required to pay copayments. Conclusion: A $5 copayment increase (from $2 to $7) adversely impacted medication adherence for veterans subject to copayments taking oral hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive medications, or statins.
Evaluation of smooth pursuit in the presence of congenital nystagmus

Studies of the ability of patients with congenital nystagmus (CN) to pursue a moving target have yielded conflicting conclusions. This paper reviews pursuit records dating from the first quantitative eye movement study of smooth pursuit and CN (with its hypothesis of superposition of normal pursuit onto the CN) to more recent records obtained when such patients pursue a moving target. Correct interpretation of the resulting ocular motility data is dependent upon the understanding of CN waveform and direction changes, null shifts and target foveation that has emerged in the 20 years since that first study. The data support the conclusion that the smooth pursuit system in CN patients is intact, using both retinal slip velocity and position information to match eye velocity and position to those of the target. An updated model of the author's original hypothesis is included to illustrate how this is possible. Thus, the mechanisms used are identical to those employed by normals and differences in the resultin...
Finite Volume Method for Non-Equilibrium Radiative Heat Transfer Using Generalized Grid

The ability to predict radiant energy transfer is required in order to understand the heating phenomena associated with the cloudy atmosphere, combustion chambers, vehicles reentering planetary atmospheres at high velocities, etc. In this study a computational has been developed to efficiently predict thermal radiation effects on vehicles flying through the rarefied upper layers of the atmosphere where thermochemical nonequilibrium flow occurs. The finite volume method (FVM) has been shown to accurately predict radiative heat transfer in emitting-absorbing-scattering media. Previous studies have considered mostly gray gas radiations using structured, body-fitted grids. In this paper a conservative cell-based version of FVM scheme is devised for predicting radiative heat transfer under nonequilibrium flow conditions using generalized computational grid. Results are presented to show the robustness and accuracy of the developed numerical approach.
Counting and Understanding the Contingent Workforce: Using Georgia as an Example

Contingent workers are a large and increasingly important segment of the US labour force. This paper uses the Contingent Work Supplement of the Current Population Survey to gain some understanding of this workforce and to link that information to larger on-going annual and decennial surveys for sub-national-level estimation and analysis. A typology is developed of the non-standard workforce based on their work arrangement and the industries in which they concentrate; with four types of worker: contingent core, standard workers in contingent industries, non-standard workers in traditional industries, and traditional workers. The state of Georgia is used as an example of a regional economy that has experienced much economic growth in recent years and possibly a surge in contingent workforce as well. Characterising these workers by demographic and economic characteristics demonstrates much diversity across these four groups. Possible policy implications on employment quality and economic development are also discussed.
Personalization technologies: a process-oriented perspective

By leveraging customer reactions to personalized products and services, companies continuously improve their personalization processes through an iterative feedback loop resulting in the `virtuous cycle' of personalization.
A clustering approach to the planar hub location problem

The problem tackled in this paper is as follows: consider a set ofn interacting points in a two-dimensional space. The levels of interactions between the observations are given exogenously. It is required to cluster then observations intop groups, so that the sum of squared deviations from the cluster means is as small as possible. Further, assume that the cluster means are adjusted to reflect the interaction between the entities. (It is this latter consideration which makes the problem interesting.) A useful property of the problem is that the use of a squared distance term yields a linear system of equations for the coordinates of the cluster centroids. These equations are derived and solved repeatedly for a given set of cluster allocations. A sequential reallocation of the observations between the clusters is then performed. One possible application of this problem is to the planar hub location problem, where the interacting observations are a system of cities and the interaction effects represent the levels of flow or movement between the entities. The planar hub location problem has been limited so far to problems with fewer than 100 nodes. The use of the squared distance formulation, and a powerful supercomputer (Cray Y-MP) has enabled quick solution of large systems with 250 points and four groups. The paper includes both small illustrative examples and computational results using systems with up to 500 observations and 9 clusters.
Mediastinoscopy, Thoracoscopy, and Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in the Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

The intrathoracic staging of lung cancer involves assessment of the primary tumor and potential sites of metastases. Imaging studies of the chest are sensitive in detecting intrathoracic abnormalities, but specific staging information generally requires a tissue biopsy. The instruments used to obtain this information include the bronchoscope, mediastinoscope, and thoracoscope. The complementary application of these instruments can provide valuable staging information while limiting the morbidity of surgical staging.
Examining the association between age-related macular degeneration and motor vehicle collision involvement: a retrospective cohort study.

Background Little is known about motor vehicle collision (MVC) risk in older drivers with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this study is to examine associations between MVC involvement and AMD presence and severity. Methods In a retrospective cohort study pooling the samples from four previous studies, we examined associations between MVC rate and older drivers with early, intermediate or advanced AMD as compared with those in normal eye health. MVC data were based on accident reports obtained from the state agency that compiles this information. Results MVC rate was highest among those in normal eye health and progressively declined among those with early and intermediate disease, and then increased for those with advanced AMD. However, only for drivers with intermediate AMD was the MVC rate significantly different (lower) as compared with those in normal eye health, regardless of whether the rate was defined in terms of person-years (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.89) or person-miles (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.91) of driving. Conclusions These results suggest that older drivers with intermediate AMD have a reduced risk of collision involvement. Further research should investigate whether self-regulatory driving practices by these drivers (avoiding challenging driving situations) underlies this reduced risk.
The complete spectrum of 6-cycle systems of l(kn)

In this article, it is shown that a decomposition of the line graph of the complete graph on n vertices into cycles of length 6 exist if and only if n ≢ 3 (mod 4). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Physical, human disturbance, and regional social factors influencing Common Loon occupancy and reproductive success

ABSTRACT Common Loons (Gavia immer) appear to use physical habitat, human disturbance, and social cues when selecting territories; however, recent loon habitat models suggest that the importance of each of these cues may vary depending on population density. We conducted loon detection surveys on lakes (n = 42) in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA, during 2007–2008, and developed territory occupancy and nest success models. We found that occupancy was positively associated with lake area and the presence of islands, whereas road density (human disturbance) and the number of loon pairs within 10 km (social cue) were not important predictors of occupancy. Similarly, loon nest success was positively associated with lake area and the presence of islands. Both models performed well when applied to an independent dataset of 85 lakes (AUC = 0.743 and 0.724, respectively), indicating that these models could be used for identifying suitable habitat during conservation efforts. Our results suggest that managers ...
Uncoordinated rate-division multiple-access scheme for pulsed UWB signals

Popular multiple-access schemes for asynchronous users that access the channel at randomly or pseudorandomly chosen time instances are ALOHA and TH-PPM. To cope with the randomness of these signals can be challenging for a receiver. In this paper, an uncoordinated but deterministic multiple-access scheme is proposed that can eliminate some of these drawbacks. The principle of this scheme is that each user transmits with an individual pulse or packet rate, while the duty cycle of the user signals is kept very low. As the access to the channel is asynchronous, collisions will occur. An analytical expression is derived for the collision probability, which depends on the asynchronism between the users. Design rules are derived that make the collision probability independent of the asynchronism. In practical implementations, deviations from the design values for the user rates will occur, and the length of a data packet is limited; the impact of these aspects on the collision probability is discussed. Simulation of a sensor network scenario without transmit power control shows that the design rules that make the collision probability insensitive to the asynchronism also do this for the bit-error rate (BER). The comparison of simulation results for RDMA with binary antipodal modulation and random TH-PSK, which is related to TH-PPM, yields very similar bit-error rates.
Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Trials: Are We Making Progress?

Dendritic cells (DC) have been tested in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials for two decades. Over this time, the methods of DC culture (or manufacture) have evolved, the approaches for antigen loading have broadened, the maturation signals have varied and different sites of administration have been tested. The post-vaccination immunologic questions asked have also varied between trials and over time. In this review, I will consider multiple aspects of DC-based vaccines tested in cancer patients, including the cell culture, antigen loading, maturation, and delivery, as well as what we have learned from testing immune responses in vaccinated patients who have benefited clinically, and those who have not measurably benefited.
Identity Politics and the Religious Right: Hiding Hate in the Landscape

Identity theory has had important theoretical implications for analysis of political action, but has tended mostly to examine identity formation and political action on the left. Any theory concerned with eradicating oppression must also analyze identity formation and political action of groups on the right whose politics are often based on exclusion and hate. Thus the empirical part of this paper focuses on the religious right, specifically Liberty University, in Lynchburg, Virginia. The potency of the religious right lies in an identity politics which simultaneously asserts that fundamentalists are essentially different from those “of the world” but should nonetheless equate themselves politically with economic conservatives. This allows Liberty to borrow freely from the symbols and trappings of economic conservatism while blurring the hate and antagonistic othering inherent in essentialist notions of fundamentalist identity.
RITA: receiver initiated just-in-time tree adaptation for rich media distribution

Application-level multicast networks overlaid on unicast IP networks are increasingly gaining in importance. While there have been several proposals for overlay multicast networks, very few of them focus on the stringent requirements of real-time applications such as streaming media. We propose RITA (Receiver Initiated Timely Adaptation) framework for an efficient overlay multicast infrastructure. RITA is based on a combination of landmark clustering and RTT measurements, and is particularly suitable for multimedia real-time applications. Our goal is to balance the network-oriented goals of building an efficient multicast tree with the application-oriented goals of providing good QoS with minimal disruptions. Using accurate global soft state information tables, our approach promptly constructs and reconfigures high quality trees. A distinguishing feature of our approach is that the tree reconfiguration is initiated just-in-time by the application client at the receiver when the media quality falls below a specific threshold. The goal is to achieve dynamic tree reconfiguration with very low switching delay such that end users do not perceive any application performance degradation.
Competition Among Networks Improves Committee Performance

The separation of generalization error into two types, bias and variance (Geman, Bienenstock, Doursat, 1992), leads to the notion of error reduction by averaging over a "committee" of classifiers (Perrone, 1993). Committee performance decreases with both the average error of the constituent classifiers and increases with the degree to which the misclassifications are correlated across the committee. Here, a method for reducing correlations is introduced, that uses a winner-take-all procedure similar to competitive learning to drive the individual networks to different minima in weight space with respect to the training set, such that correlations in generalization performance will be reduced, thereby reducing committee error.
The Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Radiation Therapy

Cancer treatment, including radiation therapy, can cause immediate side effects as well as persistent disruptions across several domains of functioning. Symptoms, and side effects related to radiation therapy should be conceptualized, assessed, and addressed as co-occurring rather than in isolation. Cancer-related fatigue and sleep problems associated with radiation therapy are increasingly amenable to behavioral and pharmacological treatments, however, more research is needed to establish standards of care. Psychological problems, while significant for some cancer patients, appear to abate during and after treatment. Radiation oncologists are encouraged to assess for psychological problems and refer patients for appropriate treatment. Patient anxiety regarding radiation therapy can be alleviated to a significant extent by providing appropriate information throughout the treatment process. Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction has also been associated with radiotherapy, but systematic interventions for cancer patients are still lacking. Racial and ethnic minorities and other underserved populations face unique challenges that can be addressed by radiation oncology.
Hydrogen Ion Implantation Caused Defect Structures in Heavily Doped Silicon Substrates

The defects caused by hydrogen ion (H+) implantation were studied for heavily arsenic (As), boron (B), and phosphorous (P) doped (100) silicon substrates. At the implantation energy of 170keV, H+ beam generates defect zones in both arsenic and boron doped silicon wafers. The width of implant damage zone in the heavily As-doped silicon increased from 138nm to 415nm when H+ ion implant dose increased from1×1016 ion//cm2 to 5×1016 ion/cm2, respectively. This dependence is however, opposite in the heavily B-doped substrate. The defect zone decreased with increasing H+ ion dose. The second ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data show that in both heavily As- and P-doped silicon substrates, hydrogen distribution was governed by both H+-dopant pairing reaction and the amount of the crystal damage, whereas it is exclusively determined by pairing reaction in heavily B-doped silicon substrates. The atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement indicated that the rms roughness of the as-exfoliated surface was 18.86nm, 13.06nm, and 6.79nm for P-, As- and B-doped silicon substrates, respectively. An rms roughness improvement of 20nm-170nm was observed when wafers were annealed at 270°C.