cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth and motion of liquid alloy droplets of Au on Ge(1 1 0)

Abstract The growth of low-dimensional nanostructures of Au on Ge(1 1 0) and their temperature-induced motion were observed with Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM). Ge(1 1 0) was dosed with 0.5–4 ML of Au and heated to 850 °C. Above 500 °C, liquid AuGe eutectic alloy islands grew on the surface. Islands were 0.3–3.0 µm in width, 1–10 µm in length, and elongated in the [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] direction. Above 600 °C, islands began moving with speeds of 0.1–1.0 µm/s, absorbing smaller stationary islands upon collision and increasing in size to more than 100 µm in width. A temperature gradient of ∼0.017 °C/µm across the sample results in a gradient in the Ge concentration across the islands, inducing their movement in the direction of increasing temperature. Optical microscopy confirmed that the large islands moved from the cooler edges of the sample towards its hotter center. The mechanism for motion of the droplets is discussed, and the island velocities fit well to a model for diffusion-driven motion of the liquid droplet. When the temperature was subsequently lowered, islands became supersaturated with Ge, which crystallized on the island edges.
Single Particle Tracking: From Theory to Biophysical Applications

After three decades of developments, single particle tracking (SPT) has become a powerful tool to interrogate dynamics in a range of materials including live cells and novel catalytic supports because of its ability to reveal dynamics in the structure–function relationships underlying the heterogeneous nature of such systems. In this review, we summarize the algorithms behind, and practical applications of, SPT. We first cover the theoretical background including particle identification, localization, and trajectory reconstruction. General instrumentation and recent developments to achieve two- and three-dimensional subdiffraction localization and SPT are discussed. We then highlight some applications of SPT to study various biological and synthetic materials systems. Finally, we provide our perspective regarding several directions for future advancements in the theory and application of SPT.
Kelvin-Mach Wake in a Two-Dimensional Fermi Sea.

The dispersion law for plasma oscillations in a two-dimensional electron gas in the hydrodynamic approximation interpolates between $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{q}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\ensuremath{\propto}q$ dependences as the wave vector $q$ increases. As a result, downstream of a charged impurity in the presence of a uniform supersonic electric current flow, a wake pattern of induced charge density and potential is formed whose geometry is controlled by the Mach number $M$. For $1lM\ensuremath{\le}\sqrt{2}$, the wake consists of transverse wave fronts confined within a sector, whose angle is given by the classic Mach condition. An additional wake of a larger angle resembling the Kelvin ship wake, and consisting of both transverse and diverging wave fronts, is found outside the Mach sector for $Mg\sqrt{2}$. These wakes also trail an external charge, traveling supersonically, a fixed distance away from the electron gas.
A Quadrature Formula Based On Sampling In Meyer Wavelet Subspaces

In this paper we discuss a weighted trapezoidal rule based on sampling in Meyer wavelet subspaces. For a wide class of functions, we obtain convergence and error bounds. Some examples are given to construct sampling functions.
Induction of systemic resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium in cucumber by oxalate and extracts from spinach and rhubarb leaves

Abstract An extract from spinach or rhubarb leaves sprayed on the undersides of leaves one and two (first and second true leaves) of cucumber plants induced systemic resistance against disease caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium . Oxalate was identified as the active component of both extracts using solvent fractionation, ultrafiltration, precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, TLC and HPLC. Germination and growth of the fungus were not inhibited in vitro by oxalate or the extracts at concentrations equal to those applied to leaves. Dimethyl and diethyl esters of oxalic acid, malonate, formate, glycolate, acetate, phthalate, fumarate and maleate were inactive, whereas ascorbate and glyoxylate were less active than oxalate. Induced resistance was evident systemically 20–36 h after spraying with the spinach extract.
Psychiatric consultation for acute amputees. Report of a ten-year experience.

Abstract Eighty-six patients receiving amputations (59 scheduled surgical amputations and 27 at the accident scene) were referred, usually after the amputation, to the psychiatric consultation service. Reasons for referral included assistance in coping, evaluation for depression, management of pain medication, behavioral problems, and suicidal ideation. Major reactions to amputation included flashbacks to the accident, body-image disturbances, a sense of helplessness, and grieving. Successful treatment interventions included psychotherapy, appropriate psychotropic or pain medication, grief counseling, and peer-group support. Psychiatric consultation also focused on improving the patient's relationship with other caregivers, and it reduced the length of hospitalization somewhat.
Introduction: A Sketch of R. G. Collingwood’s Career and Major Interests

The study of R. G. Collingwood properly begins with the study of his father. For like many other outstanding thinkers, R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943) was profoundly influenced by his father, both during childhood and later life. Unlike some others, such as John Stuart Mill or Karl Marx, Collingwood did not openly rebel against the older man, except perhaps in the mild form of hostility to Rugby. The influence of Collingwood’s father looms larger still when one considers that the father survived until the son was forty-three (1932) and that the two men collaborated in editing a journal when the son was in his midthirties. This is but one of many instances of intimacy between father and son which justify opening this study with a portrait of the older man.
The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) for Ages 1.5 to 18 Years

This chapter presents Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) instruments for children aged 1.5 to 18. It deals with an overview of how ASEBA instruments, and describes their key features and summarizing the specific ASEBA instruments for different ages and sources of data. The ASEBA approach emphasizes that competencies are as important as problems for children's adaptive development. Parents are vital sources of information about their children's problems and competencies. The ASEBA also includes instruments for direct observations, clinical interviews, and assessment of behavior during psychological testing. The chapter also presents psychometric information, including data on norms, reliability, and validity and strategies for interpreting ASEBA findings. It discusses applications of the instruments to treatment planning, monitoring, and outcomes assessment. Internalizing and externalizing groupings of syndromes have also been obtained in second-order factor analyses of syndromes scored from other ASEBA forms. The chapter concludes with a case illustration demonstrating use of ASEBA instruments.
Thinking critically about fundraising: Using communication activism scholarship to facilitate brainstorming and reflection in a public relations course

Faculty who are interested in activism and social justice often struggle with how to integrate principles of community activism into courses that have been traditionally designed to prepare student...
TGF-β Signaling Plays an Essential Role in the Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Fetal Bone Marrow.

Summary Mesenchymal stromal cells are key components of hematopoietic niches in the bone marrow. Here we abrogated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) by deleting Tgfbr2 in mesenchymal cells using a doxycycline-repressible Sp7 (osterix)-Cre transgene. We show that loss of TGF-β signaling during fetal development results in a marked expansion of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells and adipocytes in the bone marrow, while osteoblasts are significantly reduced. These stromal alterations are associated with significant defects in hematopoiesis, including a shift from lymphopoiesis to myelopoiesis. However, hematopoietic stem cell function is preserved. Interestingly, TGF-β signaling is dispensable for the maintenance of mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow after birth under steady-state conditions. Collectively, these data show that TGF-β plays an essential role in the lineage specification of fetal but not definitive MSPCs and is required for the establishment of normal hematopoietic niches in fetal and perinatal bone marrow.
Emerging Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Monolayer Materials for Energy Harvesting

Two-dimensional (2-D) materials of atomic thickness have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent electrical, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, which make them attractive for electronic devices, sensors, and energy systems. Scavenging the otherwise wasted energy from the ambient environment into electrical power holds promise to address the emerging energy needs, in particular for the portable and wearable devices. The versatile properties of 2-D materials together with their atomically thin body create diverse possibilities for the conversion of ambient energy. The present review focuses on the recent key advances in emerging energy-harvesting devices based on monolayer 2-D materials through various mechanisms such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hydrovoltaic devices, as well as progress for harvesting the osmotic pressure and Wi-Fi wireless energy. The representative achievements regarding the monolayer heterostructures and hybrid devices are also discussed. Finally, we provide a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for 2-D monolayer material-based energy-harvesting devices in the development of self-powered electronics and wearable technologies.
Beall’s List and Cabell’s Blacklist: A Comparison of Two Lists of Predatory OA Journals

This study uses systematic random sampling to compare the content of “Beall’s List of Predatory Journals and Publishers” and “Cabell’s Blacklist” of journals. The Beall’s List data was generated fr...
Abstract P6-08-06: Characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in patients who underwent multigene panel testing for hereditary breast cancer

Background: Multigene panel testing (MPG) for hereditary breast cancer has recently increased significantly. While clinical and pathological characteristics for invasive breast cancer in patients with non BRCA germline mutations is emerging, there is very limited data in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This study evaluates the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with DCIS who underwent MPG testing for hereditary breast cancer. Methods: Patients with DCIS who underwent MPG testing between 2014-2019 were identified from our prospectively maintained and IRB-approved research registry study and included in this analysis. Clinical and tumor characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Variables included in the analysis included: Age at diagnosis, family history of breast and ovarian cancer, tumor characteristics including ER/PR and nuclear grade and genetic testing results. Results: In this prospective cohort, 324 patients with DCIS underwent multigene panel testing. Age of diagnosis was 50.5 years (range: 18-86), a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer was positive in 283 (87.3%) patients. Genetic testing results were as follows: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were found in 28 (8.6%) patients: BRCA1 2 (7.1%), BRCA2 6 (21.4%), PALB2 6 (21.4%), CHEK2 5 (17.9%), ATM 3 (10.7%), APC 2 (7.1%), BARD1 1 (3.6%), BRIP1 1 (3.6%), MSH2 1 (3.6%), MUTYH 1 (3.6%). The variant of uncertain significance rate was 16% (52): 7 (13.5%) in BRCA1 or 2 and 45 (86.5%) in other genes. 244 (75.3%) of patients had negative results. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that, in addition to BRCA 1 and 2 genes, patients with DCIS have other hereditary genes involved. In fact, 71.4% of the germline mutations were in non-BRCA genes. Regardless of gene status, most patients had ER positive disease, this can have implications for chemopreventive therapy. Furthermore, patients with germline mutations have a higher percentage of nuclear grade III DCIS than gene negative patients. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of these findings. Genetic testing with a larger panel, other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes only, should be considered for patients with DCIS. Citation Format: Loredana Militello, Angelica M Gutierrez Barrera, Henry Kuerer, Constance Albarracin, Banu K Arun. Characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in patients who underwent multigene panel testing for hereditary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-06.
Replies to my critics

I am very grateful to all the symposiasts for taking the time to engage with my book so thoughtfully, and I only regret that I have not been able to reply to all the different points they raise. Gu...
Restructured mitochondrial-nuclear interaction in P. falciparum dormancy and persister survival of artemisinin exposure

Artemisinin and its semi-synthetic derivatives (ART) are fast acting, potent antimalarials; however, their use in malaria treatment is frequently confounded by recrudescences from bloodstream Plasmodium parasites that enter into and later reactivate from a dormant persister state. Here we show that the mitochondria of dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-exposed persisters are dramatically altered and enlarged relative to the mitochondria of young, actively replicating ring forms. Persister forms exhibit restructured mitochondrial-nuclear associations and an altered metabolic state consistent with stress from reactive oxygen species. New contacts between the mitochondria and nuclei may support communication pathways of mitochondrial retrograde signaling, resulting in transcriptional changes in the nucleus as a survival response. Further characterization of the organellar interactions and metabolic dependencies of persisters may suggest strategies to combat recrudescences of malaria after treatment.
Evolution of the Circular Stapler in Rectal Cancer Surgery.

The circular stapler has played a critical role in fashioning colorectal anastomoses following low anterior resection for rectal cancer. One of the greatest benefits of the circular stapler has been the feasibility of constructing ultra-low anastomoses, thereby decreasing permanent colostomy rates. A notable US innovation to the original design was the addition of disposable cartridges of various sizes, which greatly decreased assembly time and made the instrument more versatile. Another important modification was the ability to detach the anvil from the stapler shaft. This markedly simplified the construction of anastomoses by negating the need for a double purse-string and avoiding an open rectal stump. An additional modification to facilitate transanal stapler extraction was the tilted-top anvil, which flipped parallel to the shaft once the stapler was fired. The circular stapler continues to evolve while maintaining the basic elements of Hultl's brilliant concept from over a century ago.
Impact of COVID-19: Considerations for individuals with developmental disabilities across major life domains

BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID-19 and other health pandemics disproportionately affects individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) across a multitude of life domains including health, work, and education OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review some of the factors contributing to the unique impact of pandemics on individuals with DD Not only are individuals with DD at a heightened risk of contracting a pandemic illness but are also more likely to receive inequitable care and thus the potential to experience more fatal outcomes if contracted Challenges in receiving equitable services in times of a global crisis are observed in business and educational settings, as well Many individuals with DD require individualized supports to meet learning and vocational needs If the quality and continuity of those services are disrupted, individuals with DD risk termination from jobs or slowed progress in meeting educational goals CONCLUSION: Strategies for addressing concerns related to the impact of a pandemic on different life domains for individuals with DD are discussed © 2021 - IOS Press All rights reserved
A Conceivable Constitution: How the Rational Basis Test Throws Darts and Misses the Mark

This paper argues that the judiciary’s use of the Rational Basis Test splinters Constitutional sovereignty and thereby undermines the Constitution’s supremacy. It replaces the rule of the Constitution with the rule of a conceivable Constitution and subjects the governed to an array of reasonable readings thereof. While others have raised sharp criticisms of the Rational Basis Test in recent years, they have failed to appreciate its fundamental failing. Most critics contend that the test’s increasingly permissive character could be corrected, if only it were employed within sensible proportions. My claim, by contrast, is that the test is misguided in principle. A re-fortified Rational Basis Test is not the needed remedy. By examining the conventional critique’s complaints of jurists’ fanciful imagining of lawmakers’ possible motives, I show that motives (whether imaginary or actual) are a red herring. The test’s deeper problem is its adoption of a standard of legality other than the Constitution. The paper also considers three possible defenses of the test, but finds all of them wanting.
DFT Models of Ferroelectric Hafnium-Zirconium Oxide Stacks With and Without Dielectric Interlayers

Endurance is a key material performance metric for device and memory applications and is diminished due to defect formation. Defects alter material properties and relative phase stability, adversely affecting the reliability of devices. Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FEFETs) have metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS where I=ferroelectric) gate stacks which typically show unsatisfactory endurance of about 10 5 cycles, [1] while metal-insulator-metal (MIM where I=ferroelectric) capacitors can demonstrate endurance up to 10 12 . Adding a linear dielectric (DE) interlayer at the FE-semiconductor interface may enhance the endurance by suppressing defect formation due to oxygen vacancies, [1] but the electrostatic role of the DE interlayer has not been clearly examined yet. Here, DFT is employed to develop an atomic and electronic level understanding of the behavior of atoms in MIM and MIS stack models with and without DE interlayers due to polarization switching.
Posttransplant proteinuria due to Apolipoprotein E2 deposition in a kidney allograft.

Lipoprotein deposition disorders limited to the kidney and causing proteinuria are rare. We present a case of nephrotic range proteinuria presenting within 4 months after deceased donor renal transplantation in a patient with end stage kidney disease presumed secondary to hypertension. Two transplant kidney biopsies were performed sixteen weeks after transplantation, and one year after the first biopsy, both showing lipoprotein deposits in the glomeruli, progressive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and effacement of visceral foot processes. The patient had a normal lipid profile. Based on previous case reports of Apolipoprotein E variants causing proteinuria in native kidneys, Apolipoprotein E genotyping was performed. Genotyping showed Apolipoprotein E2 homozygosity. This Apolipoprotein E variant has been associated with lipoprotein deposition, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease in the native kidneys. However, this is the first case of Apolipoprotein E2 homozygosity related kidney disease in a transplant recipient. The patient was treated with fenofibrate, angiotensin enzyme inhibition, and angiotensin receptor blockade with reduction in proteinuria, and he kept good stable kidney function.
Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes

This article discusses various dangers that accompany the supposedly benign methods in behavioral evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology that fall under the framework of “methodological adaptationism.” A “Logic of Research Questions” is proposed that aids in clarifying the reasoning problems that arise due to the framework under critique. The live, and widely practiced, “evolutionary factors” framework is offered as the key comparison and alternative. The article goes beyond the traditional critique of Stephen Jay Gould and Richard C. Lewontin, to present problems such as the disappearance of evidence, the mishandling of the null hypothesis, and failures in scientific reasoning, exemplified by a case from human behavioral ecology. In conclusion the paper shows that “methodological adaptationism” does not deserve its benign reputation.
Synthetically rerouting phagocytosis by rapidly turning inert cells into “eat you” mode (345.1)

Through ceaseless communications with the environment, cellular surface represents an origin of information flow that determines diverse cellular processes. Techniques to rapidly engineer the surface property of living cells should thus offer a power to harness the cellular functions. In this study, we developed and implemented a technique to induce presentation of a molecule of interest at the cell surface on a timescale of minutes. While the molecular mechanism of phagocytosis is well characterized, minimal molecular events that are sufficient to trigger this elaborate process remain elusive. With an induced surface display of a C2 domain of MFG-E8 protein as well as Rac small GTPase activation inside cells, we rapidly turned inert human HeLa cells into “eat you” mode and made them bind and engulf apoptotic human Jurkat T cells. Actuation of neither signal was sufficient on its own to trigger phagocytosis, indicating target cell attachment and actin reorganization constitute minimal molecular events for...
Evaluating measures of global coherence ability in stories in adults.

Background Discourse coherence is a reflection of the listener's ability to interpret the overall meaning conveyed by the speaker. Measuring global coherence (maintenance of thematic unity of the discourse) is useful for quantifying communication impairments at the discourse level in clinical populations and for measuring response to discourse-level treatments. Aims The aim was to determine feasibility of a four-point global coherence scale developed by the authors. Specifically, they were (1) to estimate measurement reliability of the four-point global coherence scale; and (2) to estimate construct validity for the four-point global coherence scale. Method & Procedures Fifty cognitively healthy adults aged between 28 and 58 years participated in the study. Participants viewed and then told the stories depicted in two wordless picture books. Participants’ stories were orthographically transcribed and segmented into communication units (C-unit). Raters scored each participant's story for global coherence using two global coherence scales (four- and five-point scales). Each C-unit received an individual score, then the mean global coherence score was computed, resulting in two mean global coherence scores for each coherence scale, one for each story, for all participants. Outcomes & Results Results indicated high reliability estimates for the scale. In addition, construct validity, specifically face validity and convergent validity, was effectively estimated for using the four-point scale as a measure of maintenance of global coherence in stories told by cognitively healthy adults. Lastly, it was found that the wordless picture books elicited stories that are comparable and can be reliably interchanged as different forms to evaluate maintenance of global coherence. Conclusions & Implications The assumptions that the measure is feasible were achieved and face and convergent validity were adequately estimated. Future investigations should consider estimating predictive validity, concurrent validity and discriminant validity of the measure.
A PROPOSAL TO ADOPT FORMULARY APPORTIONMENT FOR CORPORATE INCOME TAXATION: THE HAMILTON PROJECT

The current system of taxing the income of multinational firms in the United States is flawed across multiple dimensions. The system provides an artificial tax incentive to earn income in low-tax countries, rewards aggressive tax planning, and is not compatible with any common metrics of efficiency. The U.S. system is also notoriously complex; observers are nearly unanimous in lamenting the heavy compliance burdens and the impracticality of coherent enforcement. Further, despite a corporate tax rate one standard deviation above that of other OECD countries, the U.S. corporate tax system raises relatively little revenue, due in part to the shifting of income outside the U.S. tax base. In this proposal, we advocate moving to a system of formulary apportionment for taxing the corporate income of multinational firms. Under our proposal, the U.S. tax base for multinational corporations would be calculated based on a fraction of their worldwide income. This fraction would simply be the share of their worldwide sales that occur in the United States. This system is similar to the current method that U.S. states use to allocate national income across states. The state system arose due to the widespread belief that it was impractical to account separately for what income is earned in each state when states are highly integrated economically. Similarly, in an increasingly global world economy, it is difficult to assign profits to individual countries, and attempts to do so are fraught with opportunities for tax avoidance. Under our proposed formulary apportionment system, firms would no longer have an artificial tax incentive to shift income to low-tax locations. This would help protect the U.S. tax base while reducing the distortionary features of the current tax system. In addition, the complexity and administrative burden of the system would be reduced. The proposed system would be both better suited to an integrated world economy and more compatible with the tax policy goals of efficiency, equity, and simplicity.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Spontaneous Reporting of Congestive Heart Failure-Related Adverse Events With Systemic Anti-Fungal Drugs

To investigate spontaneous reporting relationships between representative antifungal agents and congestive heart failure (CHF)-related adverse events (AE) we performed multiple disproportionality analyses of the US FDA AERS database. Specifically we performed analysis of drug-AE associations (2D) plus drug-drug-AE and drug-AE-AE-associations (3D), the latter two to explore the potential contribution of reported pharmacodynamic interactions, overexposure from pharmacokinetic interactions, and drug overdose. Itraconazole displayed a pattern of statistical reporting dependencies across multiple analyses (2D and 3D). Amphotericin B was the only other antifungal that demonstrated a 2D SDR with CHF-related events. Itraconazole demonstrated multiple SDRs with calcium channel blockers in suspect drug-only 3D analysis. There was one other SDR with fluconazole and propanolol and three SDRs involving valproate and fluconazole that may have been do at least in part to duplicate reporting. Less specific 3D analysis including both suspect plus concomitant medications showed a greater number and variety of SDRs with multiple antifungals. Statistical reporting dependencies with CHF-related events did not appear to be a consistent pharmacological (e.g., azole/triazole)/therapeutic (i.e., antifungal) class effect. Itraconzole was unique in the pattern of statistical reporting dependencies with CHF-related events which is consistent with findings from independent data sets.
Sexual, assaultive, and suicidal behaviors among urban minority junior high school students

OBJECTIVE: A greater understanding of minority adolescents' involvement in sex and violence is an essential precursor to the development of effective prevention programs targeted at inner-city youths. METHOD: To estimate the prevalence of involvement in sexual, assaultive, and suicidal behaviors and to quantify the relative importance of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for those behaviors, a survey was administered in the spring of 1992 to a sample of 3,738 predominantly Hispanic and African-American students attending four junior high schools in an economically disadvantaged, medically underserved New York City school district. The mean age of participants was 13.5 years; 73.7% were Dominican, 6.9% were other Hispanic, and 10.4% were black. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of males and 7% of females reported involvement in sexual intercourse, 27% of males and 8% of females reported involvement in assaultive behavior and 10% of males and 19% of females reported suicide intentions/attempts. The primary risk factor for sexual intercourse was a belief that involvement in intercourse was common and acceptable among peers. The primary risk factor for assaultive behavior was adverse social circumstances. The primary risk factor for suicide intentions/attempts was symptoms of depression. The risk for involvement in each of the three investigated risk behaviors was substantially increased by involvement in the other two behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive sex and violence prevention programs targeted at urban minority junior high school students and suggest factors that may identify students at highest risk. Language: en
Multinational corporations and public relations in a historically resistant host culture

Since the onset of globalisation, many multinational corporations (MNCs) have been increasingly opening up subsidiaries in several host nations. While the entry of MNCs in some nations has been generally unproblematic, that has not been the case in every host nation. Fears of neocolonialism and postcolonial anxieties are very real phenomena in many parts of the world. When it comes to such resistant environments, MNCs need to be especially careful in how they conduct their public relations activities. This qualitative study of two MNC subsidiaries in India – Hindustan Lever Limited (of Unilever) and Maruti Udyog Limited (of Suzuki Motor Corporation) – explores, in context, the phenomenon of MNC public relations in this host nation that has a history of resistance to MNCs. The authors conclude that MNCs can be successful in potentially resistant host environments through culturally attuned involvement, intervention and respect for the local that is proven through socially responsible performance over time....
Signature pedagogy, implementation and evaluation of an online program that impacts educational practice

Abstract This article describes the signature pedagogy, design, research, and redesign of the first to third iterations of an online doctoral program for educational technology leaders. The development of the online program over four years, based on mixed methods used in each iteration is presented with a focus on online teaching and learning, community-building, and transformational learning. The deep and implicit structure of signature pedagogy in the program endured but the surface structure changed based on feedback from students and faculty. Lessons learned and implications for designing online doctoral degrees and research in online programs are discussed.
Exercise-Associated Collapse Care Matrix in the Marathon

Exercise-associated collapse (EAC) was developed as a marathon collapse classification matrix to speed clinical decision making and improve care. The definition was simply stated as the need for assistance during or immediately after endurance activity that specifically excluded cardiac arrest, insulin shock, anaphylaxis, trauma, skin conditions and orthopedic injuries. The presenting symptoms were neither specific nor sensitive and the initial classification, based on presenting rectal temperature, neurological status and ability to walk, was intended to shape the on-site medical intervention. The treatment of EAC centres on fluid redistribution and replacement to improve cerebral and core organ circulation and body temperature correction if needed. Most runners are discharged from the medical area in the company of another person.
Teen Motherhood and Long-Term Health Consequences

The objective of this article is to examine the association of teen motherhood and long-term physical and mental health outcomes. The physical and mental health components (PCS and MCS) of the SF-12 Healthy Survey in the NLSY79 health module were used to assess long-term health outcomes of women who experienced teenage motherhood. Various familial, demographic, and environmental characteristics were indentified and controlled for that may have predicted teen motherhood and long-term health outcomes. The two comparison groups for teen mothers were women who experienced teen-pregnancy only and women who were engaged in unprotected sexual activity as a teenage but did not experience pregnancy. Multivariate ordinary least squares regression was used for analysis. The average PCS and MCS for teen mothers was 49.91 and 50.89, respectively. Teen mothers exhibited poorer physical health later in life compared to all women as well as the comparison groups. When controlling for age, teen mothers had significantly lower PCS and MCS scores compared to all other women. Furthermore, when controlling for familial, demographic, and environmental characteristics, teen mothers exhibited significantly lower PCS and MCS scores. When comparing teen mothers to the two comparison groups, PCS was not statistically different although MCS was significantly lower in the teen-pregnancy group. Teen motherhood does lead to poorer physical health outcomes later in life. On the other hand, poorer mental health outcomes in later life may be attributed to the unmeasured factors leading to a teen pregnancy and not teen motherhood itself. Additional research needs to be conducted on the long-term consequences of teen motherhood.
Supported Lipid Bilayers on Skeletonized Zirconium Phosphonate Surfaces For the Study of Transmembrane Proteins

Supported lipid bilayers that can fully represent biological cell membranes are attractive biomimetic models for biophysical and biomedical applications. In previous work, we developed a new approach to engineer stable supported lipid membranes. This system uses the zirconium phosphonate substrate as a reactive surface that tethers the lipid membrane via a highly covalent bond between surface zirconium ions and divalent phosphate groups in the lipid assembly. An advantage of this approach is that the zirconium phosphonate can be applied to any surfaces (gold, glass, silicon) allowing different analytical techniques to be used on the same system. However, the covalent interaction between the zirconium phosphonate film and the inner lipid monolayer that is responsible for the bilayer stability restricts membrane components such as transmembrane proteins from penetrating into the membrane and retaining their mobility. In contrast to other approaches that incorporate pillars to support the bilayers, our strategy involves the creation of reservoirs beneath the supported lipid bilayers to accomodate transmembrane proteins. Skeletonized zirconium phosphonate surfaces have been designed using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Sizes of the nanometer-holes were varied by controlling the amount of octadecylphosphonic acid in mixed LB layers and characterized by atomic force microscopy. The skeletonization of the film was optimized so the hollow spaces were large enough to incorporate the proteins but small enough for the membrane to bridge the spaces. The efficiency of this system as a support for transmembrane proteins has been characterized by surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometry (SPREE) using the proteins Annexin V and the maxi-K ion channel to demonstrate the utility of the system as a functional cell membrane. This concept is innovative in the area of bilayer platforms and can be used with membrane and transmembrane proteins.
Management of failed metal-backed glenoid component in patients with bilateral total shoulder arthroplasty

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is successful in providing pain relief and functional improvements for patients with shoulder arthritis. Outcomes are directly correlated with implant position and fixation, which ultimately affects wear and longevity. Metal-backed glenoid components were introduced as an alternative to the standard cemented glenoid fixation. Early loosening and cavitary glenoid bone loss has been reported as a major complication associated with these metal-backed glenoids, which presents the surgeon with a challenging revision situation. Furthermore, failure of bilateral TSA in patients with metal-backed glenoids is extremely rare. We present two patients with early failure of bilateral TSA secondary to loosening of the metal-backed glenoids. Both patients had significant glenoid bone loss and were treated with four different types of revision techniques. A description of treatments and outcomes of both patients are reported along with the simple shoulder test and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. One patient underwent revision to bilateral reverse prosthesis and experienced a much-improved outcome in comparison to the patient revised to a hemiarthroplasty and resection arthroplasty, for each shoulder respectively. In patients who present with failed TSA, revision to a reverse prosthesis with or without staged glenoid bone graft should be considered as an option of treatment. It is also important to rule out infection with intraoperative tissue biopsy before proceeding to revision surgery. However, in patients with catastrophic glenoid bone loss, both hemiarthroplasty and resection arthroplasty can provide an alternative treatment option, but they are associated with a poorer functional outcome and pain relief.
Analysis of localized failure of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Abstract A method is developed to determine the conditions for the onset of localized failure of carbon nanotubes. Examples of failure modes include ductile necking under tension or localized crushing under compression. A nanoscale continuum theory for carbon nanotube is adapted. The onset of localized failure is identified by the singularity point of the acoustic tensor derived from continuum energy function based on Tersoff–Brenner potential. The analysis predicts 35–44% of breaking strains for tension and 18–25% compressive strain for plastic collapse. The results are in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations and experimental estimations reported in the literature.
Implementation of a fast image coding and retrieval system using a GPU

Sparse coding of image patches is a compact but computationally expensive method of representing images. As part of our SenSIP consortium industry projects, we implement the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm using a single CUDA kernel on a GPU and sparse codes for image patches are obtained in parallel. Image-based “exact search” and “visually similar search” using the image patch sparse codes are performed. Results demonstrate large speed-up over CPU implementations and good retrieval performance is also achieved.
Methods to optimize recruitment and retention to an exercise study in Chinese immigrants.

Background: To counter pervasive disparities in healthcare and guide public health prevention programs, culturally sensitive recruitment and retention strategies for Chinese immigrants participating in health-related research studies are needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and implement recruitment and retention strategies with Chinese immigrants in a Tai Chi exercise study. Methods: After substantial project planning and incorporating community-based research principles, a multidimensional approach was used to ensure minimal loss to follow-up. Recruitment strategies included partnering with a community-based agency, distributing study information using a multimedia approach, communicating in the native language, and demonstrating cultural sensitivity. Retention strategies included establishing a tracking method during recruitment, providing personalized feedback, maintaining the same location for all aspects of the study, eliminating potential linguistic barriers, providing personal attention and encouragement, monitoring attendance, utilizing a charismatic Tai Chi instructor, respecting Chinese culture, providing appropriate incentives, and maintaining good communication. Results: Sixty persons showed interest in the study, 52 persons were screened, and 39 persons were enrolled. Recruitment was completed within 3 weeks. An advertisement in the Chinese newspaper was the most fruitful recruitment source, yielding approximately 60% of the study participants. Retention in the study was also very high (97%, n = 38). Discussion: The successful recruitment and retention of Chinese immigrants in this Tai Chi exercise study are due to a variety of factors on many levels, including the participants, study investigator, and community-based agency.
RELIABILITIES OF SCHAEFER'S CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR INVENTORY

The Classroom Behavior Inventory was developed to assess three bipolar dimensions of child behavior: I. Task-oriented Behavior vs Distractibility, 11. Hostility vs Considerateness, and 111. Extroversion vs Introversion.' Teachers can complete the 18 items of the inventory in approximately 2 or 3 min. for a child with whom they have worked. Factoranalytic studies have verified the a priori three-dimensional bipolar design (2) .' Schaeffer's (3; personal communication 1973)= a prio~i designed structure has been documented in another version of the inventory (1). This study examined three types of reliability plus an examination of the relationship between factor scores and raw scores. In a suburban open-concept school two teachers with similar background and experience rated their first and second grade children on the inventory. During the first week of May, Teacher X rated 71 cases and Teacher Y independently rated 59 cases, including 43 shared cases. Five weeks later these reachers repeated their ratings. Each of the four sets of scores was submitted to a principal axis factor analysis with a varimax rotation on three factors and factor scores were generated. Factor structure of these data was very similar to those previously reported (2) .' Inter-rater reliability for individual factors ranged from .>2 to .G9 for factor scores and .58 to .79 for algebraically summed raw scores. Stability coefficients based on alge- . braically summed raw scores for individual factors ranged from .73 to .88 for Teacher X and .65 to .72 for Teacher Y. Internal consistency through use of Cronhch's coefficient alpha for individual factors ranged from .84 to .95 for Teacher X and .71 to .90 for Teacher Y. Correlations between factors scores and algebraically summed raw scores ranged from .88 to .99 for these two teachers over both ratings. Boch factor structure and reliability are satisfactory for an instrument a reacher can complete in 2 or 3 min. Raw scores can be used in place of factor scores, freeing additional time and money. Because of its economy, the inventory holds promise as an initial screening device for identifying exceptional children. In addition instruments with a known factor structure derived from theoretical considerations can be helpful in extending theory. Based on available information, criterion-related validity studies and normative data should be
Synthetic estrogens suppress granulosa cell progesterone production in vitro.

Abstract We evaluated the effect of commonly used pharmaceutical estrogens and zeranol, an estrogenic growth-promoting agent used in livestock, on progesterone (P) production by cultures of highly differentiated porcine granulosa cells (GC). The compounds were added to GC cultures over a dose range of 10−8 to 10−5 M with P and cell protein measured after 24 h. P production was suppressed by estradiol (minimal suppressive dose: 10−7 M; maximal suppression to 11% of control), ethinyl estradiol (10−7 M, 15%), diethylstilbestrol (10−5 M, 72%), clomiphene citrate (10−6 M, 30%), nafoxidine (10−7 M, 33%), tamoxifen (10−6 M, 37%), and zeranol (10−5 M, 83%). P production was not suppressed by mestranol. GC protein was suppressed by estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, nafoxidine, and zeranol. These data suggest that synthetic estrogens have the potential to suppress luteal P production by a mechanism unrelated to the usual measures of estrogenicity.
A Study to Evaluate the Language Development of Post-Institutionalised Children Adopted from Eastern European Countries

This study examined data collected over a period of three years from 48 children adopted from Eastern European orphanages. English language acquisition and present levels of performance were measured by the standardised language assessment, the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL). The participants ranged from 3 to 16 years of age, and were assessed on three separate occasions, one year apart, using the core assessment battery of the CASL. Results showed there were significant differences found for the non-literal language and pragmatic judgment subscales when measured across time. Beyond those areas, there was little developmental change in language scores. Other findings were that at the initial assessment or baseline, time in country heavily influenced subscales, supporting previous research that children in the country for shorter periods of time performed better than those in the USA for longer periods. Results of this study support the need for early intervention in language use for th...
Mesostructured MTES-derived silica thin film with spherical voids investigated by TEM: 2. Dislocations and strain relaxation

A mesostructured silica thin film with nanosized voids arranged in a body-centered cubic (bcc) array with a slight distortion was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for line defects....
Dynamic and static interaction of two thrust faults: A case study with general implications

[1] We use a dynamic analysis (the 3-D finite element method) to study the dynamic and static interactions between segments in a system of two thrust faults. The simulated fault geometry is modeled after a specific fault system in central California. However, we find that by varying both the degree of segment overlap along strike and the stress heterogeneity, we arrive at results that may have broader implications for the dynamics of interacting fault segments. We find that the degree of dynamic interaction between fault segments depends strongly on the overlap between the segments and the heterogeneity of stress. In some cases, a static analysis predicts the aspects of dynamic behavior of the fault system, including rupture jumping from one segment to the other. In other cases, there is a complex two-way interaction between the fault segments, which can only be captured by a full three-dimensional dynamic analysis. The results show the limitations of a static analysis for predicting the behavior of geometrically complex fault systems and the importance of dynamic stress waves in mediating the interaction between nearby fault segments. The results also help to shed light on the mechanism by which rupture terminates on some segments and jumps to others.