cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
En-gendering Memory through Holocaust Alimentary Life Writing

In her article "En-gendering Memory through Holocaust Alimentary Life Writing" Louise O. Vasvari aims to underline the cultural and gendered significance of the sharing of recipes as a survival tool by starving women in concentration camps during the Holocaust and the continuing role of food memories in the writing of Holocaust survivor women she considers a genealogy of intergenerational remembrance and transmission into the postmemory writing of their second generation daughters and occasionally their sons. Vasvari argues that the study of multigenerational Holocaust alimentary life writing becomes important today because as direct survivors of the Holocaust disappear there is a need of new forms of transmission to reshape Holocaust memories for the future. Vasvari, Louise O. "En-gendering Memory through Holocaust Alimentary Life Writing" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 17.3 (2015): Thematic Issue Life Writing and the Trauma of War. Ed. Louise O. Vasvari and I-Chun Wang
Accumulative level and trend analysis of organochlorine pesticides in the breast milk in Shaoxing

Objective:To evaluate accumulative level and dynamics trend of organochlorine pesticides in the breast milk in Shaoxing.Methods: Breast milk was added 13C labeled internal standard after freeze-drying.Then the sample was extracted by acetonitrile,purified by gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass Spectrometry under SIM mode.Results: The median of HCB was below the detection limit level.The geometrical mean levels of BHC and DDT residues were 698.7 ng/g lipid and 50.8 ng/g lipid respectively.BHC residue increased progressively together with advancing age.BHC and DDT residues decreased by 99.8% and 99.7% separately from 1983 to 2009.HCB residue reduced 90.0% from 1988 to 2009.Conclusion: The study showed that the breast milk in Shaoxing was relatively safe.
Towards a DBpedia of tourism: the case of tourpedia

In this paper we illustrate Tourpedia, which would be the DBpedia of tourism. Tourpedia contains more than half a million places, divided in four categories: accommodations, restaurants, points of interests and attractions. They are related to eight locations: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Dubai, London, Paris, Rome and Tuscany, but new locations are continuously added. Information about places were extracted from four social media: Facebook, Foursquare, GooglePlaces and Booking and were integrated in order to build a unique catalogue. Tourpedia provides also a Web API and a SPARQL endpoint to access data.
The valuation impact of sec enforcement actions on non-target foreign firms

This study shows that the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) enforcement intensity toward the foreign firms under its jurisdiction has increased dramatically over the past two decades. Because enforcement events signify an increased threat of future enforcement, I examine the stock returns of foreign firms not targeted by the SEC during windows around enforcement actions that target foreign firms. This design captures the net effects of public enforcement and helps to rule out omitted variables as alternative explanations, because other factors would have to align with enforcement events that do not occur in an obvious pattern (and are therefore unlikely to map onto other news). Nontarget firms experience positive stock returns during the event windows, which is consistent with enforcement constraining the risks of expropriation. The cross-sectional pattern in returns reveals greater returns for firms from weak home legal environments. Finally, consistent with the market adjusting to a new enforcement regime, the magnitude of event returns declines over time. Overall, SEC enforcement is associated with increases in the value of foreign firms, supporting the premise of the legal bonding hypothesis.
Development of large signal codes for modeling of multiple beam folded waveguide TWTs

Multiple beam traveling wave tubes (MB-TWTs) are attractive novel devices with enhanced power-bandwidth characteristics1. However, they are more vulnerable to spurious oscillations than single beam TWTs. Therefore, design codes for MB-TWTs should be capable of accurate prediction of MB-TWT operation in steady-state regime as well as prediction of spurious oscillations onset for different modes. Complexity of multiple beam slow wave structures is also one of challenging factors requiring for computational efficiency of design codes.
Leveraging After-School Programs to Minimize Risks for Internalizing Symptoms Among Urban Youth: Weaving Together Music Education and Social Development.

This study examined a university-community partnership, focusing on mental health promotion within an after-school music program. We pursued two goals: (a) supporting staff around student engagement and behavior management; (b) integrating social-emotional activities into the curriculum. We assessed youth’s mental health needs and examined feasibility of social-emotional activities delivered. One-hundred sixty-two youth participated in activities, while a subset of youth (n = 61) and their parents provided information on mental health need. Rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were high, and youth reported high satisfaction with the activities. Results suggest promise of this model for mental health promotion for urban youth.
Profiling of human angiogenesis biomarkers in sera of cancer patients using Bio-PlexTM suspension array system.

B155 Introduction. Cancer development is a malignancy that involves non-reversible genomic change. The disease has been a significant cause of mortality in the Western Hemisphere. One of the criteria for the evaluation of tumor progression is the study of circulating biochemical markers elevated during angiogenesis. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the link between the on-set of tumorigeneses and the elevation of a series of angiogenic markers in sera collected from a selected group of cancer patients. Initial study includes profiling of Angiopoietin-2, Follistatin, G-CSF, IL-8, HGF, Leptin, PDGF-BB, VEGF and PECAM-1. Methods. The profile of the nine biomarkers in sera collected from four different types of cancer patients (N=10 for colorectal cancer; N=15 for each of Breast, Lung and Prostate cancer) was evaluated using a magnetic bead based flow cytometry assay. The level of each marker was compared to a population of control sera collected from healthy individuals (N=25). Results. The results of a two-tailed t-test showed that the levels of IL-8, VEGF, and PDGF-BB in cancer samples were statistically higher than the levels detected in the normal population. Follistatin was elevated in colon and prostate cancer types only. The levels of leptin were lower in lung and prostate cancer. In addition the levels of IL-13, IL-17 and FGF basic were found to be elevated in lung and breast cancer when these samples were evaluated by a separate cytokine assay. IL-10 was elevated in lung and prostate cancer. The overall presentation of these markers showed that IL-8, VEGF and PDGF-BB were elevated and Leptin was reduced in the cancer types evaluated. G-CSF was exclusively reduced in breast cancer. Conclusion. The simultaneous analysis of nine circulating angiogenic markers was demonstrated using the Bio-Plex™ Suspension Array System. The multiplex immunoassay platform is capable of measuring the levels of multiple targets in a single test sample with as little as 12.5 µL of serum volume. This significantly reduces the labor and time spent on initial screening of serum samples for biomarker profiling. Preliminary evaluation showed altered levels of at-least six biomarkers in the disease state samples relative to the levels in the normal population. The potential prognostic value of these markers will be further evaluated by testing the clinically diagnosed serum samples on selected predicate devices.
Use of the PARIHS Framework for Retrospective and Prospective Implementation Evaluations

Background The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework has been used by implementation researchers to assess factors impacting implementation and to use that information to identify optimal interventions and implementation strategies. In this paper, two studies are presented demonstrating the utility of PARIHS as a tool for retrospective and prospective evaluation of implementation in the health care setting. Study Design Descriptive case study. Methods A qualitative consensus process was used to evaluate provider perceptions of PARIHS constructs of evidence, context, and facilitation and their subelements which were scored on a continuum of low to high. Results The first example demonstrates retrospective use of PARIHS which provided insight into the factors contributing to variations in implementation across sites in an ongoing program. Evidence was strong (high), whereas context noted some challenges in culture and measurement (mixed), and the presence of dedicated program facilitators was positive but dual roles limited their ability to fully support implementation (mixed). The second example demonstrates prospective use of PARIHS for evaluation which gathered information about intervention sites for the purposes of selecting implementation strategies responsive to site needs. Evidence supporting the intervention was limited (low), context noted that limited awareness of the intervention was a challenge (low), and that a strong internal facilitator supported implementation (high). Linking Evidence to Action The descriptive case study presented here underscores the value of a theory-guided approach to implementation and highlights that PARIHS can help implementers understand factors impacting implementation, identify areas for future intervention, and inform selection of strategies to support or enhance implementation efforts.
The Transition to Sexual Intercourse Experience

A social psychology of problem behavior was employed to account for variation in an aspect of development—the transition from virginity to nonvirginity. Personality, perceived environment, and behavioral measures were collected by questionnaires administered annually to high school and college males and females. In cross-sectional comparisons, nonvirgins differed from virgins in the theoretically expected transition-prone direction, including higher value on independence, lower value on achievement, greater social criticism and tolerance of deviance, and greater friends’ models for deviance. In longitudinal comparisons, virgins who were to become non-virgins in the subsequent year were already significantly more transition-prone on these antecedent measures than virgins who were to remain virgins. The results were stronger at the high school than at the college level, and for females than for males.
Effects of Physical Training upon Total Serum Cholesterol Levels

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hard endurance exercise program on the total serum cholesterol levels in young adult men. Four male subjects and four controls were tested for cholesterol prior to any exercise. The subjects participated in a 25-week training period of hard and severe all-out endurance type activities and then were again tested for cholesterol levels. Significances of change in the total serum cholesterol levels before and after exercise were determined, and in all subjects total serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced.
Effect of Crisis Response Planning on Patient Mood and Clinician Decision Making: A Clinical Trial With Suicidal U.S. Soldiers

Objective:The study examined the immediate effect of crisis interventions on the emotional state of acutely suicidal soldiers and clinician decision making.Methods:Soldiers (N=97) presenting to a military emergency department or behavioral health clinic were randomly assigned to receive a contract for safety (N=32), standard crisis response plan (S-CRP; N=32), or enhanced crisis response plan (E-CRP; N=33). Soldiers completed self-report scales before and after the intervention. Clinicians blinded to treatment group assignment rated participants’ suicide risk level and made a decision about inpatient psychiatric admission.Results:Larger reductions in negative emotional states occurred in S-CRP and E-CRP. Larger increases in positive emotional states occurred in E-CRP. Clinician suicide risk ratings did not differ across treatment groups. Participants in E-CRP were less likely to be psychiatrically admitted.Conclusions:The CRP immediately reduces negative emotional states among acutely suicidal soldiers. D...
Timing effects of opinion leader's electronic word of mouth

Companies are increasingly interested in recruiting opinion leaders to spread electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Prior research has demonstrated the sales effects of such eWOM. An unexplored question for this practice is when the opinion leaders should disseminate their eWOM. An implicit assumption is that companies should use opinion leaders at the beginning of product launch. Using a dataset of Amazon customer review, we demonstrate that opinion leader's eWOM should be spread out by arriving as early as possible, and continuing to be present. In addition, the impact of variance of timing on sales follows an inverse U shape. The marketing implications of timing effects of opinions leaders' eWOM in terms of entry, span and intensity are addressed.
Retaliation against the outgroup: The role of self-uncertainty:

Outgroups who threaten the core aspects of one’s identity, such as one’s social group and its values, may make group members feel self-uncertain. Because past research associates uncertainty with d...
Terrorism and Moral Rights

It is sometimes thought, indeed it is often said, that the only plausible justifications of terrorism are utilitarian. One can imagine circumstances such that an act or series of acts of terrorism would, in spite of the obvious and regrettable harms they cause, produce much greater benefits in the long run. It might be that terrorism is the most effective means available to produce a social revolution that would be highly beneficial for the masses or the only practical means of ending the despotic rule of a foreign power imposing massive harms upon a colonial population. In such cases, one can plausibly argue that terrorism is morally justified because the benefits it achieves outweigh, even greatly outweigh, the harms it imposes upon its victims. But any such purely utilitarian justification completely ignores rights. If one takes individual rights seriously, moral philosophers frequently argue, then, it is obvious that terrorism is unjustified in each and every instance. One who admits that human beings have basic moral rights and recognizes that these impose side-constraints upon human conduct too strong to be overridden by a net balance of benefits over harms must, to be consistent, deny the possibility of any moral justification of terrorism no matter what the circumstances. Terrorism is the use or attempted use of terror as a means of coercion. Since the essential end of terrorism is coercion and its defining means the use of terror created by actual or threatened harm, terrorism by its very nature violates the moral rights to freedom, property, security of the person and even life of its victims. Hence, taking rights seriously rules out any justification of terrorism Is this so?
Poster: Path-Based Function Embeddings

Identifying relationships among program elements, such as functions, is useful for program understanding, debugging, and analysis. We present func2vec, an algorithm that uses static traces to embed functions in a vector space such that related functions are close together, even if they are semantically and syntactically dissimilar. We present applications of func2vec that aid program comprehension.
Impact of time to surgery from injury on postoperative infection and deep vein thrombosis in periprosthetic knee fractures.

Purpose: Periprosthetic fracture (PPF) is a serious complication that occurs in 0.3%－2.5% of all total knee arthroplasties used to treat end-stage arthritis. To our knowledge, there are no studies in the literature that evaluate the association between time to surgery after PPF and early postoperative infections or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This study tests our hypothesis that delayed time to surgery increases rates of postoperative infection and DVT after PPF surgery. Methods: Our study cohort included patients undergoing PPF surgery in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2006-2015). The patients were dichotomized based on time to surgery: group 1 with time ≤2 days and group 2 with time >2 days. A 2-by-2 contingency table and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between complications and time to surgery groups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics and known risk factors. Results: A total of 263 patients (80% females) with a mean age of 73.9 ± 12.0 years were identified receiving PPF surgery, among which 216 patients were in group 1 and 47 patients in group 2. Complications in group 1 included 3 (1.4%) superficial infections (SI), 1 (0.5%) organ space infection (OSI), 1 (0.5%) wound dehiscence (WD), and 4 (1.9%) deep vein thrombosis (DVT); while complications in group 2 included 1 (2.1%) SI, 1 (2.1%) OSI, 1 (2.1%) DVT, and no WD. No significant difference was detected in postoperative complications between the two groups. However, patients in group 2 were more likely (p = 0.0013) to receive blood transfusions (57.5%) than those in group 1 (32.4%). Conclusion: Our study indicates patients with delayed time to surgery have higher chance to receive blood transfusions, but no significant difference in postoperative complications (SI, OSI, WD, or DVT) between the two groups. Key words: Total knee arthroplasty; Periprosthetic fracture; Knee; Arthroplasty; Postoperative wound infection; Deep vein thrombosis
Autologous sapheno-saphenous bypass collateral development in the setting of chronic unilateral iliac vein occlusion

Chronic iliac vein occlusion can result in the development of a variety of collateral venous drainage pathways. While several drainage pathways have been well documented, autologous sapheno-saphenous bypass collateral drainage has not been described. This novel collateral drainage pathway is readily visible on cross sectional imaging, may serve as a diagnostic indicator of chronic obstructive venous pathology, and may hint at the underlying etiology. This brief report depicts findings and technical considerations in two cases of venous recanalization of sapheno-saphenous collaterals in the setting of chronic unilateral iliac vein occlusion. In both cases at one-month follow-up, the patients’ pain had resolved, edema had improved, and computed tomographic venography demonstrated stent patency. Identification of a sapheno-saphenous collateral can provide an important clue to the underlying venous obstructive pathology, therefore guiding corrective intervention.
Prisoners on the Fireline: The Application of Ethical Principles and Guidelines to Prison Fire Camps

Our society gives certain rights and protections to those who are punished and incarcerated, deeming them a vulnerable group in need of additional protections because they are under state control. ...
Abstract 11: Targeted Training of a Motor-parietal Circuit Improves Its Behavioral Output

Introduction: Emerging brain mapping methods measure function of individual brain circuits and have the potential to predict a patient’s gains and needs in the context of stroke rehabilitation. We ...
Ethanol Kinetic Model Development and Validation at Wide Ranges of Mixture Temperatures, Pressures, and Equivalence Ratios

A new detailed kinetic model of ethanol with 107 species and 1795 reactions was developed using a reaction mechanism generator and extensively validated against measured ignition delay times, lamin...
FGF signals direct myotube guidance by regulating Rho/Rac activity

Summary Nascent myotubes undergo a dramatic morphological transformation during myogenesis in which the myotubes elongate over several cell diameters and choose the correct muscle attachment sites. Although this process of myotube guidance is essential to pattern the musculoskeletal system, the mechanisms that control myotube guidance remain poorly understood. Using transcriptomics, we found that components of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathway were enriched in nascent myotubes in Drosophila embryos. Null mutations in the FGF receptor heartless (htl), or its ligands, caused significant myotube guidance defects. Mechanistically, paracrine FGF signals to the Htl regulates the activity of Rho/Rac GTPases in nascent myotubes to effect changes in the actin cytoskeleton. FGF signals are thus essential regulators of myotube guidance that act through cytoskeletal regulatory proteins to pattern the musculoskeletal system.
Impact of ripening inhibitors on molecular transport of antimicrobial components from essential oil nanoemulsions.

The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the mass transport of antimicrobial compounds from essential oil nanoemulsions to bacterial cell membranes. Origanum oil-in-water nanoemulsions were produced using spontaneous emulsification by titrating a mixture of essential oil, ripening inhibitor, and surfactant (Tween 80) into 5 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.5). Stable nanoemulsions containing relatively small droplets (d medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Differences in antimicrobial activity were attributed to the differences in the rate of transfer of hydrophobic antimicrobial constituents from the nanoemulsion to the MCT emulsion, which was used to mimic the hydrophobic region of the bacterial cell membranes. Each antimicrobial nanoemulsion was separated from the MCT emulsion by a dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing with two different pore sizes was used, one excluding nanoemulsion droplet and micelle delivery, allowing the delivery of antimicrobial compounds only through the aqueous phase and the other by both the aqueous phase and micelles. For origanum oil nanoemulsions, the delivery of all antimicrobial agents occurred more efficiently when micelles were present.
Taxing Residential Solar

Residential solar systems are becoming commonplace in many regions of the United States. Use of such systems raises issues in tax doctrine and policy that are not well appreciated and have not yet been systematically analyzed. The goals of this article are threefold: (1) to identify the main issues and to organize them into a coherent framework, (2) to analyze the doctrinal and policy ramifications of present law, and (3) to suggest improvements to present law.
Eye Banking: History and Future Direction

This chapter explores the history of eye banking, from the first corneal transplant performed by Dr. Eduard Zirm to innovative advancements in the field. The growth of eye banking can be traced to regulations surrounding organ harvesting for transplantation and standardization of eye banking protocols via the Eye Bank Association of America. Additionally, the role of eye banks has evolved significantly through the development of lamellar keratoplasty including DMEK and DSAEK, which has also contributed to the surge in corneal transplantation. In this chapter, we discuss the evolving landscape of eye banking, along with changes in how grafts are prepared for transplantation. This chapter also discusses the future of eye banking, including how new technologies such as engineered grafts and injectable corneal endothelial cells may further change eye banks and their role in processing of tissue for corneal transplantation.
Interplay of Chain Orientation and Bond Length in Size Dependency of Mechanical Properties in Polystyrene Nanofibers

Some properties of amorphous polymeric nanofibers, including their modulus and strength, dramatically change when their size drops down below a specific value. Understanding the detailed mechanisms...
Muse: Multi-query Event Trend Aggregation

Streaming analytics deploy Kleene pattern queries to detect and aggregate event trends on high-rate data streams. Despite increasing workloads, most state-of-the-art systems process each query independently, thus missing cost-saving sharing opportunities. Sharing event trend aggregation poses several technical challenges. First, Kleene patterns are in general difficult to share due to complex nesting and arbitrarily long matches. Second, not all sharing opportunities are beneficial because sharing Kleene patterns incurs non-trivial overhead to ensure the correctness of final aggregation results. We propose MUSE (Multi-query Shared Event trend aggregation), the first framework that shares aggregation queries with Kleene patterns while avoiding expensive trend construction. To find the beneficial sharing plan, the MUSE optimizer effectively selects robust sharing candidates from the exponentially large search space. Our experiments demonstrate that MUSE increases throughput by 4 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Nausea and Vomiting in 2021: A Comprehensive Update.

Goal A comprehensive review of treatments for nausea and vomiting (N/V). Background N/V are common symptoms encountered in medicine. While most cases of acute N/V related to a specific cause can be straightforward to manage, other cases of acute N/V such as chemotherapy-induced N/V and especially chronic unexplained N/V can be difficult to control, leading to a significant decline in the patient's quality of life and increased cost of medical care from repeated hospitalizations. Study Traditional management has relied on pharmacotherapy which may be inadequate in a certain proportion of these patients. Many of the medications used in the management of N/V have significant side effect profiles making the need for new and improved interventions of great importance. Results This review covers a broad review of the pathophysiology of N/V, pharmacotherapy, including safety concerns and controversies with established pharmaceuticals, newer immunotherapies, bioelectrical neuromodulation (including gastric electrical stimulation), behavioral and surgical therapies, and complementary medicine. Conclusion On the basis of emerging understandings of the pathophysiology of N/V, improved therapies are becoming available.
Real-Time Gait Phase Estimation for Robotic Hip Exoskeleton Control During Multimodal Locomotion

We developed and validated a gait phase estimator for real-time control of a robotic hip exoskeleton during multimodal locomotion. Gait phase describes the fraction of time passed since the previous gait event, such as heel strike, and is a promising framework for appropriately applying exoskeleton assistance during cyclic tasks. A conventional method utilizes a mechanical sensor to detect a gait event and uses the time since the last gait event to linearly interpolate the current gait phase. While this approach may work well for constant treadmill walking, it shows poor performance when translated to overground situations where the user may change walking speed and locomotion modes dynamically. To tackle these challenges, we utilized a convolutional neural network-based gait phase estimator that can adapt to different locomotion mode settings to modulate the exoskeleton assistance. Our resulting model accurately predicted the gait phase during multimodal locomotion without any additional information about the user's locomotion mode, with a gait phase estimation RMSE of 5.04 $\pm$ 0.79%, significantly outperforming the literature standard ( p $ 0.05). Our study highlights the promise of translating exoskeleton technology to more realistic settings where the user can naturally and seamlessly navigate through different terrain settings.
Influence of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphisms on the in vitro metabolism of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor rociletinib.

AIMS Rociletinib showed activity in T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients. It undergoes amide hydrolysis to form M502, followed by N-acetylation to M544 or amide hydrolysis to M460. We identified the enzymes responsible for rociletinib metabolism, and investigated the relationship between M544 formation and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphisms. METHODS Rociletinib and metabolites were incubated with carboxylesterase (CES)1b, CES1c, CES2, NAT1, NAT2, arylacetamide deacetylase, inhibitors, pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and cytosols (HLC). Cytosols (n = 107) were genotyped for NAT2 polymorphisms (rs1041983 and rs1801280) and incubated with M502. Human hepatocytes from intermediate (NAT2*6/*12A) and slow (NAT2*5B/*5B) acetylators were incubated with 10 μM rociletinib and metabolites for 24 hours. Metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS M502 was formed from rociletinib and M544 by CES2 and HLM; M544 and N-acetyl-M460 were formed by NAT2 and HLC; M460 was not formed by CES or arylacetamide deacetylase. M502 formation by HLM was inhibited by bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate and eserine (10 μM). M544 formation in HLC was inhibited by 100 μM quercetin and was associated with NAT2 genotype (P < .0001). M460 formation in HLM was inhibited by eserine, and M460 was N-acetylated in HLC. Hepatocytes formed M502, M544 and M460. The intermediate acetylator showed higher production (range: 3.4-5.1-fold) of N-acetylated metabolites than the slow acetylator. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that NAT2 and CES2 are involved in rociletinib metabolism, and polymorphic NAT2 could alter drug exposure in patients. Slow NAT2 acetylators would have higher exposure to M502 and M460 and consequently, be at increased risk of experiencing hyperglycaemia and QTc prolongation.
Peak tracking and partial formation of music signals

In this paper we provide a method for detection of peaks in spectral representations of music signals for the purpose of partial tracking. The basic idea is to detect local maxima in any digitized signal and use statistical techniques for rejecting spurious peaks. Detected peaks are then connected to each other to form partial tracks. The performance of our algorithm is investigated in two levels. First the output of peak detection algorithm is compared with another method. Second, these two sets of peaks are fed into our partial tracking system and the results are compared, which confirms the superiority of our strategy. This superiority is in consistency of our method in detecting the valid tracks and preventing spurious peaks from forming false tracks.
The impact of trade and labor market regulations on employment and wages : evidence from developing countries

This paper examines the effects of openness and labor market rigidity on labor market outcomes in the manufacturing sector using panel data from 48 developing countries. Results from reduced form equations for employment and wages suggest hat on average trade liberalization has had a weak impact on employment and wages. At the same time, however, the effects of trade liberalization is any given country are conditional on the nature of labor market regulations: trade liberalization is more likely to have a positive impact on employment and wages in countries with flexible labor markets and vice versa. Additionally, more regulated labor markets tend to have higher average wages but these appear to come at the expense of sector wide employment.
Architecture for DSP VLSI

AS CMOS technology scales to 1μm, it is becoming possible to integrate more than 500K transistors on a processor-like chip. At this point, various digital signal processing (DSP) chip architecture approaches need to be re-examined to enable VLSI designers to obtain on optimal solution for system designers in terms of performance, power, cost, flexibility and development time. The panel will explore and debate several DSP architectural options available to VLSI designers, such as single-processor, systolic arrays, parallel processors, customs, etc.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 noncoherent receivers at 2.4 GHz under pulse jamming

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard specifies the physical and medium access control layers for devices used to establish low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN). Such devices are well suited for wireless sensor networks applications. The performance of IEEE 802.15.4 receivers has been thoroughly evaluated through simulation and experimentation. In this paper, we present a formal analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 noncoherent detectors in terms of the bit error probability. Specifically, we analyze the effects of jamming and fading on the communication performance. The analytical expressions are validated by a comparison with software simulation results.
Is child schooling a poor proxy for child quality

Child quality plays a critical role in economic models of fertility and child investment. But child quality is difficult to observe empirically. Therefore in empirical studies child quality is frequently represented by child schooling. However economic models of household investment in children suggest that child schooling may be a very poor or even inverse proxy for child quality. (EXCERPT)
Chapter 5 Desulfurization on activated carbons

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of surface science involved in the application of activated carbon for air cleaning from sulfur containing species, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and mercaptans. The removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds from both gaseous and liquid fuel is addressed. The emphasis is placed on the role of activated carbon surfaces, either unmodified or modified in the processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation of the pollutants. Activated carbons, because of their unique surface chemistry, act not only as adsorbents but also as catalysts for the oxidation of inorganic and organic species, and their surface can be modified and tailored toward desired applications. The removal of sulfur compounds is usually termed “desulfurization.” In desulfurization, sulfur-containing compounds have to be physically separated, chemical reaction is to be imposed upon them to improve separation, or they have to be decomposed before separation. For separation, physical adsorption, reactive adsorption on various sorbents (from the gas or liquid phase), extraction and precipitation are generally used. The major sources of air pollution are highly industrialized countries, such as the United States of America and European nations.
In Vivo Survival of Autoreactive B Cells: Characterization of Long-Lived B Cells

To determine the effects of chronic Ag stimulation on B cell survival and phenotype, we compared survival and surface markers of hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells in Ig transgenic (Tgn) mice, which lack HEL, and in HEL-Ig transgenic mice, which express soluble HEL. Serum HEL levels were maximized in HEL-Ig Tgn mice by feeding them zinc, which activates the metallothionein promoter that regulates HEL expression. B cell age was characterized by expression of heat-stable Ag, and B220 and B cell survival was studied by evaluating changes in B cell number when lymphopoiesis was suppressed with anti-IL-7 mAb and by identifying newly generated B cells through 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Our observations show that the mean B cell life span is considerably reduced in HEL-Ig Tgn compared with Ig Tgn mice, but also demonstrate that some HEL-Ig Tgn B cells survive to maturity. Some of these surviving B cells have undergone receptor editing (substitution of an endogenous Ig light chain for the transgenic Ig light chain), so that their ability to bind HEL is decreased or absent. Surviving HEL-Ig Tgn B cells that retain HEL specificity express decreased mIgD and little or no mIgM. mIgD expression progressively decreases with increasing HEL-Ig Tgn B cell age. These observations suggest that self Ag-specific B cells can survive in the presence of soluble self Ag by down-regulating mIg expression, which should limit B cell signaling by Ag that might otherwise cause deletion of these cells.
Penetration of brain and brain tumor: V. Copper-64 chelates

Abstract A study has been made of the tissue distribution of Cu 64 through the mediation of 13 chelates. These results are compared with ionic copper and copper bound to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. From these data, 4 compounds, alanine, cysteine, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and diethylenetri-aminepentaacetic acid, have emerged as promising agents for use with Cu 64 in the localization of brain tumors by a scanning procedure. The effect of these ligands, on the movement of metals, is also discussed.
A technique for incorporation of a heatsink for a system utilizing integrated circuits with wireless connections to an off-chip antenna

Using fins and apertures (7 mm /spl times/ 1.5 mm) opened in a base-plate of a commercially available heatsink as waveguides, a wireless clock distribution system using an external antenna can be made to work at 24 GHz in the presence of a heatsink. Surprisingly, the presence of heatsink improves power transmission gain by 1-5 dB. The measurements indicate that the receiving antenna size could be reduced to 0.2 mm or less for clock distribution systems using an external antenna.
The Korea Syndrome: An Examination of War-Weariness Theory

In recent years, numerous commentators have maintained that an Iraq syndrome (or Afghanistan syndrome, or both) will inhibit U.S. foreign policy and reduce the leeway U.S. presidents have to use force overseas. To assess the plausibility of those predictions—and the validity and scope of war-weariness theory—this article provides a thorough examination of how the Korean War influenced subsequent U.S. decisions regarding the use of military force during the Dien Bien Phu crisis in 1954 and the first offshore islands confrontation with the People's Republic of China in 1955. The analysis suggests that military quagmires (such as Korea) are likely to exert only minor influence on great powers’ subsequent decisions on whether to use military force but are much more likely to influence how great powers do so.
Stress induction of the mammalian GRP78/BiP protein gene: in vivo genomic footprinting and identification of p70CORE from human nuclear extract as a DNA-binding component specific to the stress regulatory element.

Abstract GRP78, also known as BiP, is one of the better-characterized molecular chaperones. It has been implicated in protein folding and also calcium sequestration in the endoplasmic reticulum. When the cells are subjected to endoplasmic reticulum stress, in particular the depletion of stored calcium and/or the accumulation of abnormal proteins, the rate of transcription of grp78 is enhanced. Previous studies have shown that the core region of the rat grp78 promoter (-170 to -135), which is 95% conserved with the human grp78 core (-133 to -98), is one of the key regulatory elements. Using ligation-mediated PCR, we have found that there are specific changes in factor occupancy after stress induction and the major changes occur within a cluster of bases located in the 3' half of the grp core, whereas other regulatory elements are constitutively occupied. This inducible binding to the 3' half of the human grp78 core region is observed under diverse stress signals, suggesting a common mechanism for the grp stress response. Nonetheless, the lack of constitutive in vivo protection at this region is not due to the absence of a binding factor in nuclear extracts. Using in vitro gel mobility shift assays, we detected a constitutive binding activity which exhibits specificity and affinity to the stress-inducible region. Through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis size fractionation and renaturation analysis, the activity is found in polypeptides with molecular sizes of 65 to 75 kDa. After a three-step purification scheme including core affinity column chromatography, we purified p70CORE, which is about 70 kDa in its monomeric form. The purified p70CORE is sufficient to form a complex specific to the stress-inducible region.
Conflict management and emotions

Purpose – The five studies included in this special issue focus on emotions and conflict management. These studies highlight how conflict management research can help managers, employees, and organizations more effectively manage the emotional aspects of conflict. This paper aims to summarize these studies.Design/methodology/approach – Five studies were selected and combined in this single issue so that researchers could have an integrative review of recent research on emotions in the workplace. The studies were chosen to highlight the relationships between emotions and key conflict variables, such as task, relationship, and process conflict; trust; venting; and forgiveness. The studies were also chosen to represent a broad range of samples, including participants from more than 14 countries and cultures.Findings – These studies indicate that a broad range of positive and negative emotions, such as anger, enthusiasm, excitement, guilt, and remorse, are significantly related in complex and varied ways to v...
Unilateral retrogasserian rhizotomy causes contralateral degeneration in spinal trigeminal nuclei of cats: an ultrastructural study

We are studying the response to injury within the brainstem trigeminal nucleus following trigeminal nerve lesions. We have previously shown with light microscopy and reduced silver stains that unilateral retrogasserian rhizotomy results not only in massive degeneration throughout the ipsilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus; in addition, degeneration is seen in a ventral position at the periobex region (involving caudal pars interpolaris and rostral pars caudalis) in the contralateral spinal trigeminal nucleus. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to identify the source of the degenerating elements seen bilaterally after unilateral retrogasserian rhizotomy in eight adult felines with survival times ranging from 3 to 20 days. At short survival times (3–7 days) degenerating terminals with round synaptic vesicles (R terminals) and type 1, asymmetric contacts predominate bilaterally, while fewer degenerating terminals with flattened synaptic vesicles (F terminals) and type 2, symmetric contacts are seen. At longer survival times more F terminal degeneration is seen, especially on the contralateral side. Postsynaptic sites and dendrites show minimal alterations. These findings suggest that the degenerating R terminals seen on the contralateral side originate from primary afferents while the degenerating F terminals seen on the contralateral side originate from intrinsic sources involving a crossed internuclear pathway. In addition, the finding of degenerating F terminals may represent a novel form of selective transynaptic change of intrinsic neurons, associated with minimal dendritic or somatic alterations.
Reversible light/dark modulation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase activity involves protein phosphorylation

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf nitrate reductase (NADH:NR;NADH:nitrate oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.1) activity was found to rapidly change during light/dark transitions. The most rapid and dramatic changes were found in a form of NR which was sensitive to inhibition by millimolar concentrations of magnesium. This form of NR predominated in leaves in the dark, but was almost completely absent from leaves incubated in the light for only 30 min. When the leaves were returned to darkness, the NR rapidly became sensitive to Mg2+ inhibition. Modulation of the overall reaction involving NADH as electron donor was also found when reduced methyl viologen was the donor (MV:NR), indicating that electron transfer had been blocked, at least in part, at or near the terminal molybdenum cofactor site. Changes in activity appear to be the result of a covalent modification that affects sensitivity of NR to inhibition by magnesium, and our results suggest that protein phosphorylation may be involved. NR was phosphorylated in vivo after feeding excised leaves [32P]Pi. The NR subunit was labeled exclusively on seryl residues in both light and dark. Tryptic peptide mapping indicated three major 32P-labeled phosphopeptide (Pp) fragments. Labeling of two of the P-peptides (designated Pp1 and 3) was generally correlated with NR activity assayed in the presence of Mg2+. In vivo, partial dephosphorylation of these sites (and activation of NR assayed with Mg2+) occurred in response to light or feeding mannose in darkness. The light effect was blocked completely by feeding okadaic acid via the transpiration stream, indicating the involvement of type 1 and/or type 2A protein phosphatases in vivo. While more detailed analysis is required to establish a causal link between the phosphorylation status of NR and sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition, the current results are highly suggestive of one. Thus, in addition to the molecular genetic mechanisms regulating this key enzyme of nitrate assimilation, NR activity may be controlled in leaves by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the enzyme protein resulting from metabolic changes taking place during light/dark transitions.
Using Public Service Announcements to Change Behavior: No More Money and Oil Down the Drain

Radio and television offer promising media for addressing large-scale social problems. Unfortunately, very few mass-media messages have utilized social psychological theories of persuasion and influence. This article summarizes 2 studies that evaluated the effectiveness of a state-sponsored public service announcement aimed at reducing improper disposal of used motor oil among do-it-yourself oil changers. Study 1 was a field experiment with 120 oil changers in San Diego County. Inertial resistance and low perceived behavioral control were identified as obstacles to proper disposal. In Study 2, we used the disrupt-then-reframe technique to successfully overcome these obstacles and promote proper disposal of used oil. The results underscore the usefulness of empirically validated persuasion techniques in changing behavior via mass media.
Individual tyrosine side-chain contributions to circular dichroism of ribonuclease

Experimental and theoretical studies using site-directed mutants of ribonuclease A (RNase A) offer more extensive information on the tyrosine side-chain contributions to the circular dichroism (CD) of the enzyme. Bovine pancreatic RNase A has three exposed tyrosine residues (Tyr73, Tyr76, and Tyr115) and three buried tyrosine residues (Tyr25, Tyr92 and Tyr97). The difference CD spectra between the wild type and the mutants at pH 7.0 (Deltaepsilon(277,wt) - Deltaepsilon(277,mut)) show bands with more negative DeltaDeltaepsilon(277) values for Y73F and Y115F than those for Y25F and Y92F and bands with positive DeltaDeltaepsilon(277) values for Y76F and Y97F. The theoretical calculations are in good semiquantitative agreement for all the mutants. The pH difference spectrum (pH 11.3-7.0) for the wild type shows a negative band at 295 nm and an enhanced positive band at 245 nm. The three mutants at buried tyrosine sites and one mutant at an exposed tyrosine site (Y76F) exhibit pH-difference spectra that are similar to that of the wild type. In contrast, two mutants at exposed tyrosine sites (Y73F and Y115F) exhibit diminished 295-nm negative bands and, instead of positive bands at 245 nm, negative bands are observed. Our results indicate that Tyr73 and Tyr115, two of the exposed tyrosine residues, are the largest contributors to the 277- and 245-nm CD bands of RNaseA, but the buried tyrosine residues and the one remaining exposed residue also contribute to these bands. Disulfide contributions to the 277- and 240-nm bands and the peptide contribution to the 240-nm band are confirmed theoretically.