cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Attitudes of United States Representatives: Ecology, Industry, and Wildlife

Summmy.-Environmental attitudes of a small sample (N = 59) of United States Representatives were surveyed. Attitudes were assessed toward wildlife legislation, human responsibility toward animals, and the relation between industry and ecology. Representatives raised in a largely urban environment, in contrast to those raised in a largely rural environment, were more favorable toward environmental concerns than toward unregulated industrial growth, more favorable toward legislation for the protection and preservation of wildlife, and perceived humans as being more responsible for animals. Over-all, however, the majority of these Representatives were sensitive to environmental concerns. An important and controversial issue currently facing the United States is the problem of meeting energy and industrial needs without irreparably damaging the environment (Frazier, 1974; Heberlein, 1972 ) . The present energy crisis and the rapidly deteriorating quality .of the environment (Heilbroner, 1974; Strong & Rosenfeld, 1976; Time, 1977) have caused a tremendous increase in concern about the human needs and environmental protection dilemma. Our representative system of government has given Congress the task of enacting legislation (Morris, 1975) to resolve this problem. - Since legislators may largely determine future attempts to resolve the dilemma of human needs and environmental protection, it seemed time to assess their attitudes toward various parameters related to this issue. To this end a survey was conducted to identify United States legislators' attitudes toward industry and ecology, wildlife legislation, and human responsibility toward animals. Unfortunately Senators' attitudes could not be reliably assessed because of their extremely low response rate. Hence, the study was limited to Representatives.
Increases in the longwave photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal waters

Salinity effects on the photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) due to coastal mixing were investigated through a comparative study of surrogate and surface-water CDOM. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and ultrafiltered river dissolved organic matter (UDOM) added to mixtures of river and seawater permeates (,1 kDa) that varied in salinity from 0 to 33 to mimic coastal mixing. Surface-water CDOM was collected from the Chesapeake Bay in January, June, and September 2002. Shortwave CDOM absorption loss (e.g., 280 nm) did not change with salinity; however, longwave CDOM absorption loss (e.g., 440 nm) often decreased by 10% to 40% with salinity. Apparent quantum yields for average absorption loss from 280 to 550 nm (Qavg) increased with salinity for both surrogate and surface-water CDOM, providing evidence for an effect of salinity independent of light absorption among different samples. Further, hydrogen peroxide photoproduction from UDOM increased from 15 to 368 nmol L 21 h 21 with salinity, even though pH values were circumneutral. A kinetic model demonstrated that, at circumneutral pH and iron concentrations expected for the Chesapeake Bay, photo-Fenton chemistry could not explain the increase in hydrogen peroxide production quantum yields (Qhp) with salinity. Using Qavg for the SRHA and UDOM surrogates, a model of the change in surface-water CDOM photoreactivity in the Chesapeake Bay as a function of salinity suggested additional CDOM inputs for the lower Chesapeake Bay. Because estuarine mixing increases photobleaching of longwave CDOM absorption, the modeling of absorption coefficients above 400 nm may underestimate dissolved organic matter in coastal waters.
A THINNING ALGORITHM BASED ON THE FORCE BETWEEN CHARGED PARTICLES

A new thinning algorithm based on the well known concept of the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is presented. This algorithm generates connected skeletons which preserve the shape and end-points of the original patterns. Its performance is experimentally compared with four other known algorithms published in the literature. For the sake of comparison, a reasoned set of test data is introduced. The results of our comparison reveal that the proposed CPM (Charge Particle Method) algorithm is almost as fast as the fastest of those compared. For thin images obtainable from low resolution scanners or coarse scanned images, the CPM algorithm is the fastest.
Training the Classifiers

The model of a set of classifiers consists of the classifiers themselves and the mixing model. The classifiers are localised linear regression or classification models that are trained independently of each other, and their localisation is determined by the matching function m k . This chapter is entirely devoted to the training of a single classifier and mainly focuses on the linear regression models, but also briefly discusses classification at the end of the chapter.
Psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors.

Objectives To review the evidence on psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors (BCS); identify factors that influence those responses; and propose patterns of psychosocial functioning that may provide a framework for assessment and intervention. Data Sources Research articles/abstracts; literature reviews. Conclusion The majority of breast cancer survivors demonstrate a pattern of recovery. Age, information, communication, social and emotional support, family, and degree of symptom distress are known factors influencing QOL outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Assessment of psychosocial functioning is essential to identify needs and risk factors. Interventions should be targeted to meet informational needs, promote effective communication, manage uncertainty, control symptoms, enhance social and emotional support, and address cultural differences.
Simplified version of the random-phase-approximation-with-exchange method

By comparing the random-phase-approximation-with-exchange (RPAE) method of Amusia et al. for the calcuation of photoionization cross sections from closed-shell atoms with the reaction-matrix method, we obtain a simplified version of the RPAE by which we calculate the dipole-transition amplitude much as in the reaction-matrix method, yet with ground-state correlation effects included simultaneously. Calculation of photoionization cross sections for the $3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\epsilon}d$ transition of Ar and $4d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\epsilon}f$ transition of Xe by this method yields a substantial improvement on the calculation by the reaction-matrix method and good agreement with RPAE and with experiment.
Variations in the gingival polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate in dogs induced by chemotactic autologous serum and migration inhibitor from tobacco smoke.

The rate of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from gingiva around single teeth in Beagle dogs was studied. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes emanating from the gingival crevices were harvested with standardized rinses at two minute intervals. In between the rinses one of three substances was applied: endotoxin activated autologous dog serum, a cigarette smoke solution and the vehicle as a control. In vitro, the activated serum was chemotactic and the cigarette smoke solution inhibitory to polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration. In vivo, the cigarette smoke solution also depressed the gingival polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate. The in vivo response to activated serum was biphasic with a depression first and an elevation later in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate. The experiments were performed on relatively healthy and distinctly inflamed gingiva. The higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate in inflamed gingiva was affected by the test agents in a similar way as the migration rate from healthy gingiva.
Microstructural effects of ion implantation on molybdenum

Abstract The effects of ion implantation and subsequent annealing on the microstructure of molybdenum have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The ions investigated were carbon, nitrogen, and tellurium. The ion-induced damage was found to give rise to grain boundary migration phenomena both during implantation and during subsequent annealing. Precipitation or ordering was found to occur for each ion on annealing.
The Relative Impact of Fiscal versus Monetary Actions on Output: A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Approach

The seminal work of Andersen and Jordan [1] on the relative importance of fiscal and monetary policy for output stabilization (the St. Louis equation) caused many debates among economists for a long period. They run a single equation model testing the relative importance of monetary versus fiscal policy on nominal GNP and concluded that monetary policy is effective and fiscal policy is ineffective on output stabilization. This finding attracted a wide range of criticisms and debates mainly due to possible endogeneity between policies and economic activity, and misspecification of the model. This study takes the St. Louis equation seriously. Our main concern is that, the economic activity is represented by nominal output and to our surprise; the impact of monetary or fiscal policies on prices has not been given any attention. All such models with nominal output as the dependent variable could not address the question of how policy induced changes are split between a change in real output and a change in prices. This paper investigates the relative impact of monetary and fiscal policies on the U.S. real economic activity, using quarterly data between 1959:I and 2010:II. We employ Granger causality tests and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. The VAR methodology also helps in resolving the issue of endogeneity between policies and output. The results from both models indicate that monetary policy is relatively better than fiscal policy in affecting the real output. No other study attempted to investigate the relative impact of monetary and fiscal policy actions on real output in the St. Louis framework as well as the econometric approach used in this paper to address the issue.
Relaxing retinotomies: visual results and macular findings

Relaxing retinotomies are sometimes necessary in the treatment of complicated cases of retinal detachment. Our purpose was to study the poor visual outcome in eyes treated with vitrectomy and relaxing retinotomy, in association with the postoperative macular findings.
Characterization of the Binding Interaction between the Oncoprotein Gankyrin and a Grafted S6 ATPase

A complex with the C-terminal portion of the proteosomal subunit S6 ATPase is the only available structure of a protein–protein interaction involving the oncoprotein gankyrin. However, difficulties associated with recombinant expression of S6 ATPase alone, or truncations thereof, have limited our understanding of this assembly. We replaced the C-terminal portion of FtsH from Escherichia coli with the structurally homologous C-terminal portion of S6 ATPase and used this grafted protein to characterize the gankyrin–S6 ATPase binding interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry.
Mechanisms by which retrobulbar fibroblasts are stimulated by lymphocytes: role of cyclic nucleotide.

SummaryIt was shown that lymphocytes and lymphocyte products stimulated hyalu-ronic acid (HA) synthesis in cultures of human retrobulbar fibroblasts. This stimulation was simulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DbcAMP), 2 × 10-4-10-2M, and potentiated by theophylline, 10-4M. Lymphocytes induced a significant increase in the cAMP concentration within the fibroblasts. These data support the concept that the lymphocyte stimulation of HA synthesis is mediated by cAMP.However, lymphocytes induced greater glucose utilization by the cultures than DbcAMP. Also, the intrinsic viscosity of the HA was decreased by lymphocytes but increased by DbcAMP. Lymphocytes probably produce more effects in the fibroblasts than those mediated by cAMP.Hydrocortisone inhibited both the cAMP and the HA responses to lymphocytes but potentiated the stimulation of HA synthesis by DbcAMP. Hydrocortisone thus appears to interfere with the earliest effects of lymphocytes, possibly inhibiting the binding of the active factor in lymphocytes to ...
Manuscript Research in the Yemen [Arab Republic]

The Yemen Arab Republic (San c a) is becoming day by day more accessible. Research conditions are changing weekly and the number of scholars working in the Yemen has increased dramatically. Accordingly, it seems that the very helpful article by Green and Stookey (MESA Bulletin VIII/3, 1974) needs to be expanded topically, as no single article can now detail all of the research possibilities and materials in the Yemen.
Muscle mechanoreflex activation via passive calf stretch causes renal vasoconstriction in healthy humans

Reflex renal vasoconstriction occurs during exercise, and renal vasoconstriction in response to upper-limb muscle mechanoreflex activation has been documented. However, the renal vasoconstrictor re...
Profile of Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson, and Jacques Dubochet, 2017 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry

In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three key pioneers in the birth and development of cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM): Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson. As a starting graduate student in England, moving from physics to biology and the study of macromolecular structure, I had the fortune of attending one of the early conferences in the, at the time, embryonic field of cryo-EM. It was 1990, and Jacques Dubochet (Fig. 1), whom I met at the conference, and coworkers (1) had provided the scientific community a few years before with a simple, highly practical way to “vitrify” solutions of biological samples that they used, for example, to visualize intact viral particles (2). Dubochet’s charming recounting of the early days in his own words can be found in a recent perspective (3). By then, there was already access to commercially available cryoholders to use standard transmission electron microscopes for the study of frozen-hydrated samples. Thus, major practical bottlenecks had already been overcome, but the cryo-EM community could still be counted on one’s fingers. That year of 1990 saw the publication of the long-time-coming atomic model of bacteriorhodopsin using electron crystallography (not quite vitrified, discussed below) by Henderson et al. (4) (Fig. 2). This publication was the needed demonstration that electrons could provide this kind of detailed structural description of radiation-sensitive biological samples. That paper became a true inspiration for me and for a whole generation of cryo-EM practitioners. Fig. 1. Jacques Dubochet. Image courtesy of Felix Imhof (photographer), © Universite de Lausanne (UNIL). Fig. 2. Richard Henderson. Image courtesy of Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology. While there was a very long history of the electron microscope’s use to visualize both cellular ultrastructure and molecular architecture, few were aware, at the time, of the capabilities of the technique to … [↵][1]1Email: enogales{at}lbl.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Correlation Between the Residual Tumor Volume, Extent of Tumor Resection, and O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase Status in Patients with Glioblastoma.

Background There is limited information on O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status, extent of surgical resection, and its impact on overall outcomes in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Methods After institutional review board approval, 233 newly diagnosed patients with GBM with known MGMT status (2009–2015) were included in our analysis. Clinical, imaging, and follow-up data were collected from the database. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary and secondary end points, respectively. Results Of patients, 51.9% were younger than 65 years and 44.2% were noted to have promoter methylation of MGMT. Median residual tumor volume was 1.1 cm3 and extent of complete resection of enhancing tumor on imaging was 96%. Estimated median OS and PFS were 10.9 months and 5.4 months, respectively. MGMT status was an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; P = 0.005) but only marginally associated with OS (P = 0.059). In MGMT methylated patients, extent of resection (≥86%) and good performance status (Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70) were independently associated with PFS and OS, respectively (PFS: HR, 0.21; P = 0.015; OS: HR, 0.05; P = 0.002). In MGMT promoter unmethylated patients, extent of resection (≥86%) was independently associated with OS (P = 0.039). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was associated with OS/PFS irrespective of age and MGMT status. Conclusions Greater extent of resection of enhancing tumor was associated with improved PFS in MGMT promoter methylated patients, OS regardless of MGMT status. Elderly patients with methylated MGMT promoter were found to have improved PFS whereas younger patients had improved OS with MGMT promoter methylated status.
Herpes zoster with cutaneous dissemination in a patient 21 years after splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Background Varicella-zoster virus is a member of the herpes virus family that causes varicella during a primary infection and herpes zoster (HZ) when reactivated. Patients who are immunocompromised often have atypical presentations of HZ and experience complications such as multidermal involvement and dissemination. Objective We report a case of disseminated HZ in an immunocompetent patient with a history of splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Our 46-year-old female patient presented with a painful vesiculopapular dermatomal rash with approximately 80 other lesions diffusely spread over her body. She was in good health but had a splenectomy for ITP 21 years earlier and a history of recurrent herpes labialis. The latter led to the tentative diagnosis of a widespread herpes simplex infection. However, laboratory results confirmed a diagnosis of disseminated herpes zoster. A workup of the patient's immune status did not reveal any abnormalities other than the patient's previously noted splenectomy. Conclusions This case adds to the two reports of patients developing cutaneous disseminated HZ several years after splenectomy. Our case serves as a reminder that patients with a history of splenectomy appear to be at increased risk for cutaneous dissemination of HZ.
Genie in Relation to Other Children

This chapter presents a comparison of Genie's language acquisition to that of normal children acquiring a first language. Genie's acquisition of phonology paralleled normal phonological development in several respects such as her deletion of final consonants, simplification of initial clusters, relatively late use of affricates, and deletion of unstressed syllables in polysyllabic words. There were several differences between Genie's acquisition of phonology and phonological development in normal children. Genie's utterances, similar to that of normal children acquiring English, followed strict word order: modifier–noun, possessor–possessed, subject–verb–object, and preposition–noun phrase. Genie's language performance does not reflect her underlying linguistic ability. Genie's language is far from normal. Genie's speech is rule-governed behavior. From a finite set of arbitrary linguistic elements, Genie could create novel utterances that theoretically did not have any upper bound. These are the aspects of human language that set it apart from all other animal communication systems.
Discrete inverse strum-liouville problems

We consider a natural discretization of the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem ?y?+qy=?ry with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove thatq andr are uniquely determined at the mesh points by the eigenvalues of the discrete problem, provided that the number of mesh points is even and thatq andr are even functions around the midpoint of the interval. The corresponding fact is false for the continuous problem. In case the number of mesh points is odd we characterize all solutions of the discrete inverse eigenvalue problem.
Additive manufacturing with stimuli-responsive materials

Additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing (3DP), has ushered in a new era of advanced manufacturing that is seemingly limited only by imagination. In actuality, the fullest potentials of 3DP can only be realized through innovative breakthroughs in printing technologies and build materials. Whereas equipment for 3DP has experienced considerable development, molecular-scale programming of function, adaptivity, and responsiveness in 3DP is burgeoning. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in stimuli-responsive materials that are being explored in 3DP. First, we discuss stimuli-responsiveness as it is used to enable 3DP. This highlights the diverse ways in which molecular structure and reactivity dictate energy transduction that in turn enables 3D processability. Second, we summarize efforts that have demonstrated the use of 3DP to create materials, devices, and systems that are in their final stage stimuli-responsive. This section encourages the artistic license of advanced manufacturing to be applied toward leveraging, or enhancing, energy transduction to impart device function across multiple length scales.
What Speech-Language Pathologists Need to Know About Dyslexia

Purpose The purpose of this clinical forum is to provide a broad survey of up-to-date, evidence-based information about dyslexia that can be readily applied to clinical practice by speech-language ...
Techno-economic uncertainty quantification of algal-derived biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction

Abstract Using microalgae for fuel production via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has received increasing attention in recent years because of its high biocrude productivity and quality, cultivation flexibility, and potential for large scale operation. Most of the current knowledge on algae HTL is based on laboratory benchtop findings and/or simulation models, while yield correlations or simplified kinetics models were usually developed based on small batch equipment. In this work, the lack of commercial experience and knowledge gaps of algae HTL process were addressed through techno-economic uncertainty quantification. Particularly, a “component additivity” model was developed to predict the yields and qualities of biocrude derived from a variety of algal biomass via HTL process with model uncertainty quantified based on the operating data of PNNL's continuous flow HTL system. Impacts of algae types on the biocrude yield and process economic were investigated by performing sensitivity analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using rigorous process and economic models developed in Aspen Plus and Excel to determine the process uncertainty. The results indicate that higher total lipid content (including membrane lipid) yields more biocrude, which directionally reduces biocrude production cost. For the base case scenario (Chlorella with 18.2 wt% lipid, capacity of 200 tpd daf algae, dewatered algae price of $1171/dry ton), the modeled biocrude production cost is approximately $11/gge, of which 90% is attributed to feedstock cost of dewatered algae. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the modeled production cost for HTL biocrude production is between $5/gge and $16/gge when the algae price ranges from $400 to $1800/daf ton, of which an uncertainty (range between 10% and 90% percentiles) up to ±12% is observed. Tornado analysis suggested that the algae composition and capital investment are the two main contributors to the economic uncertainties of the algae conversion via HTL.
Outcomes of a Robot-Assisted Social-Emotional Understanding Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This study is a randomized control trial aimed at testing the role of a human-assisted social robot as an intervention mediator in a socio-emotional understanding protocol for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Fourteen children (4–8 years old) were randomly assigned to 10 sessions of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention implemented in a group setting either with or without the assistance of a social robot. The CBT protocol was based on Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) principles. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using the Test of Emotional Comprehension (TEC) and the Emotional Lexicon Test (ELT). Substantial improvements in contextualized emotion recognition, comprehension and emotional perspective-taking through the use of human-assisted social robots were attained.
Contested natures: Coca, the War on Drugs, and ecologies of difference in Colombia's Afro-Pacific

While there is growing consensus that the 'war on drugs' has failed to decrease drug consumption in the Global North, we know much less about how drug production has impacted communities of the Global South. This is particularly true for the cultivation of coca leaf in Colombia, which is increasingly planted in isolated rural areas such as national parks and in the collectively titled lands of ethnic communities (indigenous and Afro-descendant) where it is both difficult to detect and to eradicate. This article explains how Afro-descendant communities in Colombia have resisted both coca cultivation and a controversial war on drugs strategy to eliminate coca –aerial eradication – through a framework of ecological difference. It also explores why political ecologists can be important allies in this struggle and in the greater context of socio-environmental justice for rural communities in the Global South.
Indigenous Perspectives for Strengthening Social Responses to Global Environmental Changes: A Response to the Social Work Grand Challenge on Environmental Change.

The “Grand Challenges for Social Work,” is a call to action for innovative responses to society’s most pressing social problems. In this article, we respond to the “Grand Challenge” of Creating Soc...
Illuminating Modern Western Skepticism

Illuminating Modern Western SkepticismNancey Murphy*The goal of this article is to explain how the concept of Illumination came to be a source of skepticism in the modern West. In ancient and medieval Christian thought it was essentially tied not only to Plato’s philosophy, but especially to Augustine’s invention of the notion that the soul is an inner chamber containing all his knowledge, but also the locus of his encounter with God. The concept of the soul or mind as an inner chamber re-emerged in early modern western philosophy, but it was no longer open to illumination, John Locke having made revelation into an entirely distinct category of knowledge. The set of ocular metaphors of which illumination is a part still has an important place in ordinary language, but can no longer provide for a philosophical theory of knowledge. Thus, different complex metaphors need to be employed. Alasdair MacIntyre’s account of human reason begins with social practices, and can be described as an extensive thesis reflecting the metaphor Knowing as Doing. With his incorporation of Thomas Aquinas into his account of tradition-constituted rationality, it is suggested that interesting parallels might be found with the work of Mulla Sadra. * PhD., philosophy, ThD. Christian theology, Senior Professor of Christian Philosophy, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA 91182, U.S.A., ׀ nmurphy@fuller.edu🞕 Murphy, N. (2019). Illuminating Modern Western Skepticism. The Journal of Philosophical-Theological Research, 21(81), 5۔ 26. doi: 10.22091/jptr.2019.4570.2162
Physics-based learning for measurement diversity in 3D refractive index microscopy (Conference Presentation)

3D refractive index imaging methods usually rely on a weak-scattering approximation that does not allow for thick samples to be imaged accurately. Recent methods such as 3D Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) instead use multiple-scattering models which allow for thicker objects to be imaged. In practice the illumination-side coding of 3D FPM requires redundant information and may produce inaccurate reconstructions for thick samples. Here, we propose augmenting 3D FPM with detection-side coding using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and optimize the SLM coding strategy with physics-based machine learned pupil coding designs that are optimized for 3D reconstructions. We compare our learned designs to random-, defocus-, Zernike aberrations-based pupil codes in simulated and experimental results.
Agricultural Byproducts as Amendments in Bioretention Soils for Metal and Nutrient Removal

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of metal and nutrient removal from stormwater in bioretention systems amended with agricultural byproducts. Both batch and column studies were cond...
Oral therapy with colonization factor antigen I prevents development of type 1 diabetes in Non-obese Diabetic mice.

Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerization prevents type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice but proved less effective in humans. Several auto-Ags are fundamental to disease development, suggesting T1D etiology is heterogeneous and may limit the effectiveness of Ag-specific therapies to distinct disease endotypes. Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae from Escherichia coli can inhibit autoimmune diseases in murine models by inducing bystander tolerance. To test if Ag-independent stimulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can prevent T1D onset, groups of NOD mice were orally treated with Lactococcus lactis (LL) expressing CFA/I. LL-CFA/I treatment beginning at 6 weeks of age reduced disease incidence by 50% (p < 0.05) and increased splenic Tregs producing both IL-10 and IFN-γ 8-fold (p < 0.005) compared to LL-vehicle treated controls. To further describe the role of these Tregs in preventing T1D, protective phenotypes were examined at different time-points. LL-CFA/I treatment suppressed splenic TNF-α+CD8+ T cells 6-fold at 11 weeks (p < 0.005) and promoted a distinct microbiome. At 17 weeks, IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells were suppressed 10-fold (p < 0.005), and at 30 weeks, pancreatic Tbet+CD4+ T cells were suppressed (p < 0.05). These results show oral delivery of modified commensal organisms, such as LL-CFA/I, may be harnessed to restrict Th1 cell-mediated immunity and protect against T1D.
5 – FLAME QUENCHING

Publisher Summary The study of flame quenching was initiated by Sir Humphry Davy when he became interested in devising ways to prevent explosions in coal mines. It was concluded that the ability of a flame to pass through tubes or holes of small diameter is dependent on its speed, but also depends to a certain extent on the type of inflammable gas. Flames of hydrogen and air could pass through holes of small diameter, and the presence of hydrogen in mixtures of coal-gas confers this property to some extent on the flame in mixtures of the latter with air. The methods of measuring quenching distance can be distinguished. These are: (1) the burner method; determination of whether a flame stabilized on a burner would flash back or be quenched when flow to the burner is interrupted. This is the method of Holm. (2) The tube method; determination of the critical tube diameter for the propagation of a flame in a quiescent mixture; (3) the flanged electrode method; and (4) extrapolation of blowoff-flashback stability diagrams to the quenching point.
Cephalad extraspinal migration of percutaneously implanted spinal cord stimulator electrodes

Abstract Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an invasive but beneficial treatment option for patients suffering from chronic pain. Although highly therapeutic, there are some complications that may arise. The most morbid of which is lead migration from the original implantation site. Lead migration has been demonstrated to present with neuropathy or neuralgia due to electrical stimulation of relevant structures. Disruption or migration of SCS devices subsequently has a plethora of consequences, including invasive and costly removal or replacement, decreased efficacy, and even brain injury. Case description A 66-year old woman with a history of chronic left leg and lower back pain underwent percutaneous implantation of a spinal cord stimulator. The patient reported up to 80% pain relief in the first 6 weeks post-implantation, but began to experience decreasing efficacy and uncomfortable paraesthesias in her chest and neck. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated that the previously implanted thoracic leads had migrated cephalad and exited the spine via the upper thoracic foraminae. Surgery was performed to remove the electrodes and place a paddle electrode. Conclusions Spinal cord stimulation is a relatively safe and effective treatment for chronic back pain. Migration of percutaneously placed electrodes is a common complication and can result in therapeutic failure. Here we report the first case of cephalad extraspinal migration.
PageRank Asymptotics on Directed Preferential Attachment Networks

We characterize the tail behavior of the distribution of the PageRank of a uniformly chosen vertex in a directed preferential attachment graph and show that it decays as a power law with an explicit exponent that is described in terms of the model parameters. Interestingly, this power law is heavier than the tail of the limiting in-degree distribution, which goes against the commonly accepted {\em power law hypothesis}. This deviation from the power law hypothesis points at the structural differences between the inbound neighborhoods of typical vertices in a preferential attachment graph versus those in static random graph models where the power law hypothesis has been proven to hold (e.g., directed configuration models and inhomogeneous random digraphs). In addition to characterizing the PageRank distribution of a typical vertex, we also characterize the explicit growth rate of the PageRank of the oldest vertex as the network size grows.
Refractivity-From-Clutter Capable, Software-Defined, Coherent-on-Receive Marine Radar

Refractivity-from-clutter (RFC) is a technique for remote sensing of the lowest portion of vertical atmospheric refractivity profile, particularly evaporation and surface-based ducts. It uses the sea-surface backscattered radar signal to estimate the ducting conditions. The Lower Atmospheric Propagation (LATPROP) radar is a software-defined, coherent-on-receive remote sensing system built on a low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf marine radar platform operating at 9.41 GHz. The system is designed to specifically operate as a RFC-capable platform sensitive to low clutter power returns from the sea surface. This paper examines the appropriate radar design, system modifications, and radar signal processing steps, and provides a comparison with existing RFC-capable systems. The LATPROP system was deployed during the Coupled Air-Sea Processes and electromagnetic Ducting Research West Campaign that took place off of the coast of Southern California during October 2017 and was shown to accurately capture the effects of the ducting conditions.
Transportation container for pre-processing cytogenetic assays in radiation accidents

We report a shipping container that enables a disruptive logistics for cytogenetic biodosimetry for radiation countermeasures through pre-processing cell culture during transportation. The container showed precise temperature control (< 0.01 °C) with uniform sample temperature (< 0.1 °C) to meet the biodosimetry assay requirements. Using an existing insulated shipping box and long shelf life alkaline batteries makes it ideal for national stockpile. Dose curve of cytogenetic biodosimetry assay using the shipping container showed clear dose response and high linear correlation with the control dose curve using a laboratory incubator (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.992). The container’s ability of pre-processing biological samples during transportation could have a significant impact on radiation countermeasure, as well as potential impacts in other applications such as biobanking, novel molecular or cell-based assays or therapies.
The Role of Social Determinates of Health in Discharge Practices

Major risks associated with inadequate discharge preparation and execution include medication errors, adverse drug events, and hospital readmissions. Nurses must develop pertinent skills to assess how the social environment impacts patients' likelihood of a safe and healthy transition back into the community as they prepare patients for discharge. Recognition and consideration of social determinants of health are critical to minimizing health disparities, enhancing health equity and supporting positive patient outcomes. Examples of strategies for enhanced discharge practices include implicit bias assessment and training, screening for food insecurity, and assessment for quality referral sources.
Counterfactual Evaluation in Semiparametric Multinomial Choice Models

We propose using cyclic monotonicity, a convex-analytic property of the random utility choice model, to derive bounds on counterfactual choice probabilities in semiparametric multinomial choice models. These bounds are useful for typical counterfactual exercises in aggregate discrete-choice demand models. In our semiparametric approach, we do not specify the parametric distribution for the utility shocks, thus accommodating a wide variety of substitution patterns among alternatives. Computation of the counterfactual bounds is a tractable linear programming problem. We illustrate our approach in a series of Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application using scanner data.
High-Level Expression and Deuteration of Sperm Whale Myoglobin

Neutron diffraction has become one of the best ways to study light atoms, such as hydrogens. Hydrogen however has a negative coherent scattering factor, and a large incoherent scattering factor, while deuterium has virtually no incoherent scattering, but a large positive coherent scattering factor. Beside causing high background due to its incoherent scattering, the negative coherent scattering of hydrogen tends to cancel out the positive contribution from other atoms in a neutron density map. Therefore a fully deuterated sample will yield better diffraction data with stronger density in the hydrogen position. On this basis, a sperm whale myoglobin gene modified to include part of the A cII protein gene has been cloned into the T7 expression system. Milligram amounts of fully deuterated holo-myoglobin have been obtained and used for crystallization. The synthetic sperm whale myoglobin crystallized in P21 space group isomorphous with the native protein crystal. A complete X-ray diffraction dataset at 1.5A has been collected. This X-ray dataset, and a neutron data set collected previously on a protonated carbon-monoxymyoglobin crystal have been used for solvent structure studies. Both X-ray and neutron data have shown that there are ordered hydration layers around the protein surface. Solvent shell analysis on the neutron data further has shown that the first hydration layer behaves differently around polar and apolar regions of the protein surface. Finally, the structure of per-deuterated myoglobin has been refined using all reflections to a R factor of 17%.
Douglas-fir planted forests

A combination of superior wood quality and high productivity has made Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga rnenziesii [Mirb.] Franco) one of the premier timber trees in the world. As such, it is grown as a plantation species in several countries in Europe, South America, New Zealand, and Australia, as well as throughout its extensive natural range in western North America. Decades of experience with the silviculture of young stands have demonstrated that practices such as planting, the use of genetically improved seedlings, precommercial and commercial thinning, and fertilization may dramatically increase the yield of industrial products over that of natural forests. Further, such silviculture is compatible with the production of desired amenities. Vigorous implementation of such practices wherever Douglas-fir is cultivated will increase the world’s timber resources, and be an effective strategy for reducing the pressure, occasioned by the world’s rapidly increasing population, to harvest the fragile tropical and boreal forests.
An improved isolated single electroplax preparation. II. Compounds acting on the conducting membrane.

Abstract Effects on the electrical activity of an isolated single electroplax preparation were studied with several compounds which act at the conducting membrane as well as at the synapses. Two types of compounds were tested: 1. 1. Tertiary amines. Some of them are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and of the acetylcholine receptor (physostigmine and the tertiary analogue of Prostigmine). Others are mainly receptor inhibitors: procaine, tetracaine, and dibucaine (“local anesthetics”) and atropine. All these compounds block electrical activity without depolarization. Their reaction with the receptor protein has been recently demonstrated in solution. 2. 2. Lipid soluble quaternary ammonium ions: pyridine aldoxime dodeciodide, noracetylcholine, and norcholine. These compounds act on the acetylcholine system, but the affinities to the various protein members seem to be influenced by concentration and structure; dependeng on a variety of factors block of response may be observed with or without depolarization. Atropine, norACh and norCh affected the indirect response in about 0.1 the concentration required to affect the directly evoked spike. The other compounds affected the response to both types of stimulation about equally. All compounds tested affected the directly evoked spike in approximately the same concentration in the presence as in the absence of curare. Physostigmine and T.P. are twice as potent blockers of electrical activity at pH 6 as at pH 9. At pH 6 the molecules, in solution, are present in their cationic, at pH 9 in their uncharged form.
Changing Friend Selection in Middle School: A Social Network Analysis of a Randomized Intervention Study Designed to Prevent Adolescent Problem Behavior

Adolescent friendships that promote problem behavior are often chosen in middle school. The current study examines the unintended impact of a randomized school-based intervention on the selection of friends in middle school, as well as on observations of deviant talk with friends 5 years later. Participants included 998 middle school students (526 boys and 472 girls) recruited at the onset of middle school (age 11-12 years) from three public middle schools participating in the Family Check-up model intervention. The current study focuses only on the effects of the SHAPe curriculum-one level of the Family Check-up model-on friendship choices. Participants nominated friends and completed measures of deviant peer affiliation. Approximately half of the sample (n = 500) was randomly assigned to the intervention, and the other half (n = 498) comprised the control group within each school. The results indicate that the SHAPe curriculum affected friend selection within school 1 but not within schools 2 or 3. The effects of friend selection in school 1 translated into reductions in observed deviancy training 5 years later (age 16-17 years). By coupling longitudinal social network analysis with a randomized intervention study, the current findings provide initial evidence that a randomized public middle school intervention can disrupt the formation of deviant peer groups and diminish levels of adolescent deviance 5 years later.
Antiarrhythmic effect of reverse electrical remodeling associated with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background:Antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remain controversial. We hypothesized that reverse electrical remodeling (RER) with CRT is associated with reduced frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs). Methods:The width of native and paced QRS was measured in lead II electrocardiogram before and 13 ± 7 months after implantation of a CRT defibrillator device in 69 patients (mean age 66.3 ± 13.9; 39 males [83%]) with bundle branch block (BBB) (41 patients with left BBB and three patients with bifascicular block) or nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (25 patients, 36%), and New York Heart Association class III–IV heart failure. Biventricular pacing was inhibited for 10 seconds to record native QRS. RER was defined as a decrease in the native QRS duration ≥10 ms compared to preimplant. Patients were followed prospectively 24 ± 13 months after assessment for electrical remodeling. Results:RER was observed in 22 patients (32%), among whom QRS duration decreased by 30.9 ± 14.1 ms (P < 0.00001) with similar heart rate and QRS morphology. Native QRS duration increased by 10.3 ± 16.6 ms in the other 47 patients (68%) (P = 0.0001). Baseline mean ejection fraction did not differ between patients with and those without RER (24.9 ± 10.0 vs 24.2 ± 8.6%, NS). During 2 ± 1 years of further follow-up, 19 patients had VTs and 12 patients died. RER was associated with a fourfold decrease in the risk of death or sustained VTs requiring appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies, whichever came first (hazard ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.85; P = 0.026). Conclusion:RER of the native conduction with CRT is associated with decreased mortality and antiarrhythmic effect of CRT. (PACE 2011; 34:357–364)
Timing of feather molt related to date of spring migration in male white‐throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis

In migratory birds, the ability to depart wintering grounds at the appropriate time is an important determinant of fitness. Understanding the regulation of this timing will be essential for predicting whether timing of bird migration keeps up with global climate change. We examined whether the timing of the late-winter molt, in which white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) replace head and body feathers in advance of mating, may constrain the timing of northward migratory departure. In an observational study, we found a significant correlation between timing of molt and the date on which free-living male white-throated sparrows disappeared from our study site during migration. The following year, we tested whether experimentally manipulating molt date by advancing photoperiod during temporary captivity would subsequently advance disappearance date once the birds were released. Sparrows that were experimentally induced to molt early disappeared from the wintering site before controls. However, the captive control birds also molted and disappeared from the site earlier than free-living controls, suggesting that the diet during captivity had played a role. In the third winter we completed the study by advancing or delaying molt using only dietary manipulation. Together, these results show that the ability to molt early in spring is related to early disappearance from the wintering site. Early molt likely has carry-over effects on reproduction and the requirements of molt may prevent populations from adjusting migration timing in response to global climate change. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 586–594, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.