cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disease gene prioritization based on topological similarity in protein-protein interaction networks

In recent years, many algorithms have been developed to narrow down the set of candidate disease genes implicated by genome wide association studies (GWAS), using knowledge on protein-protein interactions (PPIs). All of these algorithms are based on a common principle; functional association between proteins is correlated with their connectivity/proximity in the PPI network. However, recent research also reveals that networks are organized into recurrent network schemes that underlie the mechanisms of cooperation among proteins with different function, as well as the crosstalk between different cellular processes. In this paper, we hypothesize that proteins that are associated with similar diseases may exhibit patterns of "topological similarity" in PPI networks. Motivated by these observations, we introduce the notion of "topological profile", which represents the location of a protein in the network with respect to other proteins. Based on this notion, we develop a novel measure to assess the topological similarity of proteins in a PPI network. We then use this measure to develop algorithms that prioritize candidate disease genes based on the topological similarity of their products and the products of known disease genes. Systematic experimental studies using an integrated human PPI network and the Online Mendelian Inheritance (OMIM) database show that the proposed algorithm, VAVIEN, clearly outperforms state-of-the-art network based prioritization algorithms. VAVIEN is available as a web service at http://www.diseasegenes.org.
Saturated Table-Top Soft X-Ray Lasers by Discharge Excitation

We review the rapid progress in the development and study of compact and practical ultra-short wavelength lasers based on discharge excitation. The field has advanced from the first observation of large soft x-ray amplification in a capillary discharge created plasma1, to the demonstration of an extremely compact saturated laser at 46.9 nm 2. Other papers in these Proceedings and references therein address the recent progress in the development and application of laser pumped soft x-ray lasers3–5.
Mumps myocarditis: Review of literature and report of case

Abstract To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of myocarditis complicating mumps in which both clinical and electrocardiographic confirmation of the diagnosis could be made. No etiological cause for the myocarditis, other than mumps, could be determined.
A systematic review of primary healthcare provider education and training using the Chronic Care Model for childhood obesity

Summary The purpose of this systematic review was to examine 15 studies which evaluated interventions aimed at improving primary care providers' identification, assessment, prevention and/or management of obesity in children and adolescents. Interventions were evaluated in terms of length, components addressing nutrition, physical activity and behavioural counselling consistent with expert recommendations, and inclusion of components of the Chronic Care Model. Overall, training interventions were delivered face to face or in a combination of lecture, assigned readings, preceptorship with experienced providers, and critiqued evaluations of interactions of the provider with the patient and family. Many studies incorporated training of providers as an initial step prior to delivering an obesity intervention for children and adolescents measuring weight loss and behaviour change as outcomes. Each study was evaluated for components of the Chronic Care Model. The interventions most frequently utilized the elements of self-management support (69%), decision support (100%), delivery system support (77%) and clinical information systems (23%). Although science in this area is emerging, results suggest that intervention programmes that included more components of the Chronic Care Model were more effective.
Dictating Change, Shouting Success: Where is Accountability?

A great body of literature suggests that the poor were better off before the microfinance sector’s paradigm shift of the mid-1990s. The sector’s ‘dependent’ constituents’ focus changed in an effort to cope with the changes dictated by its ‘controlling’ constituents. This paper’s key finding is that the not-for-profit sector, where beneficiaries’ interests are at stake, and the corporate sector, where owners and management are separate, should undergo an externally dictated change only after passing through a regulating agency’s scrupulous check, lest the change harm the sector’s beneficiaries. The paper attempts to create awareness among policymakers of the need to be thoughtful of the ultimate beneficiaries in similar cases of externally dictated organisational change.
A Review of: “Six Sigma for Growth: Driving Profitable Top-Line Results”

Six Sigma for Growth by Edward Abramowich is a welcome addition to the existing literature on Six Sigma by an author with practical experience in driving strategic change through Six Sigma and Lean...
The Bug Stops Here: Innate Lymphoid Cells in Clostridium difficile Infection

The contribution of the innate immune response to the resolution of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains incompletely defined. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe , Abt et al. demonstrated that innate lymphoid cells and the effector cytokine IFN-γ are important for recovery from the acute phase of CDI.
Tea Party Mobilization and Power Devaluation

This article empirically tests Power Devaluation Theory on the American Tea Party movement, a contemporary right-wing nationalistic movement motivated by identity politics. The relationship between Tea Party mobilization and power devaluation in economic, political, and status-based markets is examined through a logistic regression analysis that utilizes data from open-source materials and official sources. The analysis partially supports Power Devaluation Theory, finding that specific demographic and theoretical variables that measure potential pools of Tea Party supporters have the ability to significantly predict the odds of mobilization in the direction hypothesized by the theory.
Where do nurses go for help? A qualitative study of coping with death and dying

As end-of-life care becomes a more prominent issue in health care, it is important to address the experience from the caregivers' perspective. In order to cope with the stressful experience of caring for a dying patient, nurses need programmes that both help them develop coping strategies and prepare them for caring for dying patients as well as resources to help them cope with the experience once it has happened. Because little is known about the coping habits of nurses facing the death of a patient, research is needed that examines their coping responses to develop more effective resources. This research examines the resources that nurses use when coping with the death of a patient. The results of this research indicate that communication with patients and their families, as well as coworkers, is an integral part of that process.
The NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System): a program overview and status update

An overview of the NPOESS program is presented with a brief history and current status of the program, and with an introduction to the individual sensors under development by the Integrated Program Office as well as future plans for transition to full operational capability.
High performance multiband radio antenna

A design approach of multiband and wideband antennas for radio apparatus is presented. The antenna is consisted of a monopole, a folded loop, and a helix. The fundamental behaviors of the single element and their combinations are analyzed to give desired bandwidths per the mutual coupling between elements. The presented antenna structure is a good starting point to be familiar with the multiband antenna design as the antenna can be configured to cover a wide frequency range to support cellular telephony, GPS, and wireless local networking etc. A radio communications device incorporating such antennas is also described.
Effect of hypoxia on endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO production, intracellular survival signaling (p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT) and apoptosis in human term trophoblast.

Citation Park M-H, Galan HL, Arroyo JA. Effect of hypoxia on endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO production, intracellular survival signaling (p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT) and apoptosis in human term trophoblast. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 407–414 Problem Hypoxia is commonly associated with complicated pregnancies such as intrauterine growth restriction. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia on phospho (p)-eNOS, p-ERK, p-AKT and apoptosis in human trophoblast. Method of study Isolated trophoblast were cultured in 21% oxygen or 2% oxygen for 24, 48 and 72 hr. p-eNOS, p-ERK and p-AKT protein were assessed by Western blot and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. NOx was determined in the culture media. Results Compared to controls, hypoxia-exposed CT showed the following: (1) decreased eNOS at 48 and 72 hr, (2) increased p-eNOS at 48 hr, (3) no differences in total NOx production, (4) increased p-ERK at 24, 48 and 72 hr, (5) increased p-AKT at 24 hr (P < 0.05) and (6) increased apoptosis at 48 hr. Conclusion Hypoxia increases activation of p-ERK and induces apoptosis of cultured trophoblast. Hypoxia decreases overall total eNOS but increases p-eNOS, which may allow for NO production to be maintained in trophoblast cells.
Dynamic instability of microtubule growth

We report here that microtubules in vitro coexist in growing and shrinking populations which interconvert rather infrequently. This dynamic instability is a general property of microtubules and may be fundamental in explaining cellular microtubule organization.
Teacher Ratings of Children Vulnerable to Psychopathology.

Teacher behavior ratings were collected on children of schizophrenic, depressed, and normal mothers. Children of schizophrenic and depressed mothers were rated higher than were children of normal mothers on classroom disturbance, impatience, disrespect-defiance, and inattentiveness-withdrawal; they were rated lower on comprehension, creative initiative, and relatedness to teacher.
Changes in prostate cancer incidence and treatment in USA

Abstract Summary We examined time trends and geographical variations in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer in USA, based on information from white men aged 50 to 79 who resided in areas covered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the United States National Cancer Institute. Prostate-cancer incidence and treatment rates were determined for the 9 population-based cancer registries which participate in the SEER program. Prostate-cancer mortality rates were assessed from data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Prostate cancer incidence rates increased by 6·4% per year between 1983 and 1989. The increase appeared to be due to detection of early-stage disease; there was no increase in the incidence rate of metastatic cancer. Incidence rates varied widely among the SEER program areas: in 1989 from 267·9 per 100 000 in Connecticut to 606 8 in Seattle. Radical prostatectomy rates more than tripled between 1983 and 1989 in the SEER areas as a whole. Among men aged 70-79, the rate of prostatectomy increased by nearly 35% per year. There was a five-fold variation among SEER areas in radical prostatectomy rates in 1989, with a low of 43 4 per 100 000 in Connecticut and a high of 224·4 in Seattle. Prostate cancer mortality rates did not increase during the period of study; there was little variation among areas in prostate-cancer mortality rates, and no apparent correlation between the incidence and mortality rates for an area. Increases in rates of prostate cancer incidence and prostate surgery have occurred in the United States without clear evidence that screening and prostectomy are effective in reducing mortality. Moreover, much of the growth in incidence and radical prostatectomy rates has occurred among older men, who appear least likely to benefit from early detection and surgery of occult prostate cancer.
Note---The Distribution Problem with Upper and Lower Bounds on the Node Requirements

This paper considers a distribution model with upper and lower bounds on the number of units shipped from an origin or to a destination. Our problem differs from the classical distribution model in which the node shipping amounts are, by contrast, specified exactly. This generalization of the classical distribution problem not only makes the model more versatile from a theoretical standpoint but also makes the model more usable from an applications viewpoint.
Optimal rigid body motions, part 2: minimum time solutions

The time-optimal control of rigid-body angular rates is investigated in the absence of direct control over one of the angular velocity components. The existence of singular subarcs in the time-optimal trajectories is explored. A numerical survey of the optimality conditions reveals that, over a large range of boundary conditions, there are in general several distinct extremal solutions. A classification of extremal solutions is presented, and domains of existence of the extremal subfamilies are established in a reduced parameter space. A locus of Darboux points is obtained, and global optimality of the extremal solutions is observed in relation to the Darboux points. The continuous dependence of the optimal trajectories with respect to variations in control constraints is noted, and a procedure to obtain the time-optimal bang-bang solutions is presented.
Ochratoxin A fed to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) causes reduced growth and lesions of hepatopancreatic tissue

Abstract Ochratoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by fungal organisms belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. Ochratoxin A (OA) is the most abundant of this group of mycotoxins and is more toxic than other ochratoxins. It contaminates corn, cereal grains and oilseeds that have been infected with certain species of molds of the two previously indicated genera. Ochratoxin A can adversely affect animal performance. The effects of OA on channel catfish have not been documented. An experiment was conducted in aquaria with juvenile channel catfish to evaluate the effect of feeding graded levels of OA in a semipurified diet for 8 weeks on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), hematology, survival, and histopathology of liver and kidney. Channel catfish, initial body weight 6.1 g/fish, were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg OA/kg diet supplied from culture material containing 80 mg OA/kg. Significant (P≤0.05) reductions in body weight gain were observed after only 2 weeks and at each successive 2-week weighing interval for catfish fed diets containing 2.0 mg OA/kg diet or above. At week 8, weight gain was significantly reduced in catfish fed diets containing 1.0 mg OA/kg or above. Feed conversion ratio was significantly poorer for catfish fed diets containing 4.0 or 8.0 mg OA/kg of diet. Hematocrit was significantly lower for catfish fed 8.0 mg OA/kg, but no significant (P>0.05) differences in white blood cell (WBC) count were observed for catfish at any dietary levels of OA. Survival was high for catfish fed diets containing 0–4 mg OA/kg, but fish fed the diet containing 8.0 mg OA/kg had significantly lower survival compared with those of the other treatments. Histopathological examination of liver and posterior kidney at 8 weeks revealed that there was increased incidence and severity of melanomacrophage centers in hepatopancreatic tissue and posterior kidney for catfish fed dietary concentrations of 2.0 mg OA/kg or above. Exocrine pancreatic cells that normally surround the hepatic portal veins of channel catfish were reduced in number or absent in livers of fish fed 1.0 mg OA/kg diet or greater.
Emergence and recovery of initially unavailable perceptual material.

This experiment investigated whether free associations aid in the recovery of initially unavailable elements of a perceived stimulus (Recovery), and whether unavailable details of the stimulus are present in the content of those associations (Emergence). Three groups were tested: an experimental group which saw a picture briefly, attempted to recall it, then gave extensive free associations, followed by a second recall; a similarly treated control group which, however, played darts instead of associating; and another control group which was shown the initial recall attempts of yoked experimental Ss rather than the original stimulus, but then associated and in all other respects were treated similarly to the experimental group. The improvement in recall of the experimental group was superior to that of either control group, indicating that free associations result in a recovery of initially unavailable stimulus elements. Analysis of the free-association material indicated that emergence of a percept in fantasy was an increasing function of the level of consciousness of that percept (unregistered
Influence of Three Aquatic Macrophytes on Mitigation of Nitrogen Species from Agricultural Runoff

Agricultural runoff containing nitrogen fer- tilizer is a major contributor to eutrophication in aquat- ic systems. One method of decreasing amounts of nitrogen entering rivers or lakes is the transport of runoff through vegetated drainage ditches. Vegetated drainage ditches can enhance the mitigation of nutrients from runoff; however, the efficiency of ni- trogen removal can vary between plant species. The efficiency of three aquatic macrophytes, cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), cattail (Typha latifolia), and bur- reed (Sparganium americanum), to mitigate dissolved and total nitrogen from water was investigated. Repli- cate mesocosms of each plant species were exposed to flowing water enriched with ammonium and nitrate for 6 h, allowed to remain stagnant for 42 h, and then flushed with non-enriched water for an additional 6 h to simulate a second storm event. After termination of the final simulated runoff, all vegetated treatments lowered total nitrogen loads exiting mesocosms by greater than 50%, significantly more than unvegetated controls, which only decreased concentrations by 26.9% (p≤0.0023). L. oryzoides and T. latifolia were more efficient at lowering dissolved nitrogen, decreas- ing ammonium by 42±9% and 59±4% and nitrate by 67±6% and 64±7%, respectively. All treatments decreased ammonium and nitrate concentrations with- in mesocosms by more than 86% after 1 week. How- ever, T. latifolia and L. oryzoides absorbed nitrogen more rapidly, lowering concentrations by greater than 98% within 48 h. By determining the nitrogen mitiga- tion efficiency of different vegetative species, plant communities in agricultural drainage ditches can be managed to significantly increase their remediation potential.
Geothermal Patterns and Petroleum Traps, Louisiana: ABSTRACT

End_Page 590------------------------------Published literature documents varying degrees of correlation between geologic structures and geothermal highs (halos) of several petroleum fields. In conjunction with these fields, additional structures and associated productive trends have been evaluated in order to develop certain predictive criteria. The studies attempted in this regard include structural and stratigraphic traps, rollover anticlines, and salt domes with productive horizons of various ages in Louisiana. As part of the characterization of the subsurface temperature regime of the regions studied, the following broad generalizations seem to be in order. (1) Geothermal halos observed near faults appear astride the fault, or clearly confined to one fault block or the other. (2) A single geothermal halo in a deep section may be overlain by multiple halos, generally of lower relief, in shallow sections. (3) Geothermal halos associated with deep-seated salt domes are located in the sedimentary section on or near the top of the dome, near the perimeter or on the flanks. Such halos are not discernible on shallow domes. (4) In the interior basin, a salt dome with productive horizons appears to have a geothermal halo of higher relief than those in the vicinity with no petroleum accumulations. (5 Even some petroleum traps, created by sedimentary facies changes with no distinct structural closures, are marked with geothermal halos. The observed characteristics of the subsurface thermal regimes are generally explicable in terms of thermal properties of rocks and pore fluids and by hydrodynamics. End_of_Article - Last_Page 591------------
Modeling the thin-slab continuous-casting mold

A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to compute the thermomechanical state in the mold of thin-slab continuous casters. The thin-slab mold differs from those used in conventional slab casters in that the upper portion of the broad side walls defines a funnel-shaped chamber which allows the nozzle to be submerged into the liquid metal. The chamber converges with distance down the mold, reducing to the rectangular cross section of the finished casting near the mold exit. The new mold, along with casting speeds up to 6 m/min, allows slabs to be cast 50–60 mm thick, compared with 150 to 350 mm in conventional continuous slab casting. However, the mold shape and high casting speed lead to higher mold temperatures and shorter mold life than are found in conventional slab casters. In this article, we develop mathematical models of the process to determine the role of various process parameters in determining the mold life. Finite-element analysis is used to determine the temperatures in the mold and cast slab, and these data are then used in an elastic-viscoplastic analysis to investigate the deformation of the mold wall in service. Cyclic inelastic strains up to 1.75 Pct are found in a region below the meniscus along the funnel edge. These large strains result from the combination of locally high temperatures coupled with geometric restraint of the mold. The deformation leads to short mold life because of thermal fatigue cracking of the mold. The computed locations and time to failure of the mold in fatigue agree very well with observations of the appearance of mold surface cracks in an operating caster. The models are also used to develop an improved mold design.
Medicaid payment for telerehabilitation.

Supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Rehabilitation Engineering and Research Center, Center on Telerehabilitation, US Department of Education (grant no. H133E990007-00C). NIDRR.
Psilocybin-induced stimulus control in the rat

Although psilocybin has been trained in the rat as a discriminative stimulus, little is known of the pharmacological receptors essential for stimulus control. In the present investigation rats were trained with psilocybin and tests were then conducted employing a series of other hallucinogens and presumed antagonists. An intermediate degree of antagonism of psilocybin was observed following treatment with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, M100907. In contrast, no significant antagonism was observed following treatment with the 5-HT1A/7 receptor antagonist, WAY-100635, or the DA D2 antagonist, remoxipride. Psilocybin generalized fully to DOM, LSD, psilocin, and, in the presence of WAY-100635, DMT while partial generalization was seen to 2C-T-7 and mescaline. LSD and MDMA partially generalized to psilocybin and these effects were completely blocked by M-100907; no generalization of PCP to psilocybin was seen. The present data suggest that psilocybin induces a compound stimulus in which activity at the 5-HT2A receptor plays a prominent but incomplete role. In addition, psilocybin differs from closely related hallucinogens such as 5-MeO-DMT in that agonism at 5-HT1A receptors appears to play no role in psilocybin-induced stimulus control.
The behavior of particulate material in the treatment lagoons of a bleached kraft pulp mill

The effect of treatment lagoons on the suspended particulate matter contained in Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent (B.K.M.E.) has been studied. Good settling characteristics for coarse material (> 10 μm diam) were found, but fine particles (< 1 μm diam) remain in suspension throughout the treatment system. When the treated effluent is discharged into the brackish water of a narrow tidal cove, the increased ionic strength of the medium promotes the combination of fine particles. This flocculation effect produces a larger concentration of coarse material in the treated effluent than was contained in the raw mill discharge. A procedure for artificial flocculation, within the treatment system, is suggested as a method of improving both the treatment efficiency and the physical properties of the effluent released to the marine environment.
A method for overcoming the velocity space filamentation problem in collisionless plasma model solutions

The solution of filtered Vlasov-Maxwell equations, rather than the Vlasov-Maxwell equations themselves, is shown to ameliorate the velocity space filamentation problem in collisionless plasma models. Exact field solutions and filtered velocity distribution functions are obtained without introducing errors. Proper selection of the filter width is demonstrated to inhibit development of velocity space filamentation and, it is conjectured, position space filamentation. The results of sample calculations of both filtered and nonfiltered field solutions illustrate a high degree of agreement between both solutions, with significant savings in computational time and memory requirements with the filtered solutions.
Erosion of 2014 Al reinforced with SiC or Al2O3 particles

Abstract Solid-particle erosion of 2014 aluminium, 2014 aluminium + 20 vol.% SiC paricles, and 2014 aluminum + 20 vol.% Al 2 O 3 particles was studied at room temperature. The alloys were tested in the as-cast, annealed, as-quenched, and T6 conditions. Experiments were conducted with Al 2 O 3 or SiC abrasives in vacuum over ranges of abrasive size, velocity and angle of impact. Erosion rates were influenced by reinforcement and heat treatment. Reduced overall and local ductility, attributed to reinforcement or heat treatment, generally caused more rapid erosion of the composites. Data suggest that erosion rate can be minimized by proper microstructural and control and heat treatment.
The parasitic nematode, Neoaplectana glaseri, in axenic culture. I. Effects of antibodies and anthelminthics

Abstract The effects of rabbit antiserum and several known chemicals are described in axenic cultures of Neoaplectana glaseri ( Steiner, 1929 ), in nature a nematode parasite primarily of certain insect grubs. In the presence of antiserum, precipitates were seen at the various body openings through which secretions and excretions are normally passed by the worm; precipitate was also seen in the immediate surroundings. That it is primarily physiologic end products rather than somatic constituents which are involved in these reactions was also suggested by positive microprecipitin tests with antiserum and fluid from active cultures. However, compared to control serum, no direct injurious action of antiserum on the worm was seen. Concentrations of “piperazine” and cupric sulfate which inhibited the development of third stage larvae into adults, had lasting effects on reproduction when worms were washed and transferred to media not containing significant amounts of these chemicals. Inhibiting concentrations of glycerin did not have such lasting effects.
The development of isolated and partially separated blastomeres of Amphioxus

Blastomeres of the egg of Amphioxus, separated along the plane of the first cleavage, develop into typical embryos and larvae because all materials of the egg are typically localized in each half. Blastomeres separated along the plane of the second cleavage never develop into typical larvae because the mesodermal crescent is largely lacking in the anterior cells and the chorda-neural crescent lacking in the posterior ones. Isolated micromeres of the 8-cell stage form blastulae with ectoderm but no endoderm, they never invaginate; macromeres form gastrulae wiht invaginated endoderm but never develop farther. Partially separated blastomeres develop into partially separated embryos and larvae. Anterior blastomeres of the 4-cell stage separate more frequently than posterior ones and give rise to embryos and larvae double anteriorly but single posteriorly. Partially separated blastomeres often rotate with respect to each other, but each blastomere invariably preserves its original poles, axes, and germinal localizations. Such rotated blastomeres develop into double embryos and larvae with axes and poles as in the dislocated blastomeres; frequently antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes are completely reversed in the twins. All axes and poles of the future larva are irreversibly determined at or before the first cleavage; complete regulation occurs only in the plane of bilateral symmetry; except for this bilateral regulation, development in Amphioxus, as also in Ascidians, is a mosaic work.
An update of the enzymology and regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism

Sphingomyelin is found in plasma membranes and related organelles (such as endocytic vesicles and lysosomes) of all tissues, as well as in lipoproteins. Abnormalities in sphingomyelin metabolism have been associated with atherosclerosis, cancer and genetically transmitted diseases; however, except for Niemann-Pick disease, little is known about the mechanism for these disorders. Sphingomyelin biosynthesis de novo involves ceramide formation from serine and two mol of fatty acyl-CoA followed by addition of the phosphocholine headgroup. The headgroup appears to come from phosphatidylcholine, but other sources have not been ruled out. Factors that influence the rate of sphingomyelin synthesis include the availability of serine and palmitic acid, plus the relative activities of key enzymes of this pathway. Sphingomyelin turnover involves removal of the headgroup and amide-linked fatty acid by sphingomyelinases and ceramidases, respectively, which have been found in both lysosomes (with acidic pH optima) and plasma membranes (with neutral to alkaline pH optima). The enzymes of sphingomyelin turnover release ceramide and free sphingosine from endogenous substrates, which may have implications for the participation of a sphingomyelin/sphingosine cycle as another 'lipid second messenger' system.
Thermogravimetric study of some divalent metal chelate polymers of dithiooxamide

The thermal properties of polymeric chelates of dithiooxamide with divalent copper, cobalt, zinc and nickel have been investigated. The order of thermal stability is Ni>Co∼Zn>Cu, which is the same as that observed for previously studied naphthazarin and rhodizonic acid chelates. The procedural decomposition temperatures indicate that the dithiooxamide chelates, which are not aromatic, are about as stable as the aromatic naphthazarin and rhodizonic acid chelates. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to prepare beryllium and manganese (II) chelates.
Predator-prey relationships in surfperches

Five species of relatively large surfperches (Embiotocidae) exploit the small prey in benthic ‘turf’ on a kelp-forested reef off southern California. Turf contained inorganic debris and ‘items of doubtful food value’ (plants, colonial animals, etc.) which fish mostly rejected, and ‘items of food value’ (amphipods, etc.) which they selected. In mode of food handling, two species selected their food by taking careful bites and swallowing all items, either by picking out small amphipods etc. from algae or plucking larger prey and crushing it between strong pharyngeal teeth. The three others selected food by winnowing bites of turf in their mouth and spitting out the cast. For each species, distribution of foraging effort among microhabitats differed significantly from random, for one species more noticeably so than for the others. All species generally preferred microhabitats with highest densities of valued food items. All but one foraged during the day only. Functional morphological specializations may constrain their foraging modes and diets. The presumed most generalized mode is ‘browser-picker’; ‘crunching’ and ‘oral-winnowing’ are more specialized. The surfperches' elaborate pharyngognathy is a likely basis of these specializations for greater foraging efficiency.
Impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life, health behaviors, and asthma control among adults in the United States with asthma, 2006.

Background. Psychological factors such as anxiety and depression are increasingly being recognized as influencing the onset and course of asthma. Methods. We obtained Patient Health Questionnaire 8 depression data from 41 states and territories using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Heath risk behaviors, social and emotional support, life satisfaction, disability, and four health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questions were available for all states and territories (n = 18,856 with asthma). Five additional HRQOL questions were asked in three states (n = 1345 persons with asthma), and questions assessing asthma control were available for nine states (n = 3943 persons with asthma). Results. Persons with asthma were significantly more likely than those without asthma to have current depression (19.4% vs. 7.7%), a lifetime diagnosis of depression (30.6% vs. 14.4%), and anxiety (23.5% vs. 10.2%). For most domains examined, there was a dose-response relationship between level of depression severity and mean number of days of impaired HRQOL in the past 30 days, as well as an increased prevalence of life dissatisfaction, inadequate social support, disability, and risk behaviors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity, among those with asthma. Moreover, depression and anxiety were associated with a decreased level of asthma control, including more visits to the doctor or emergency room, inability to do usual activities, and more days of symptoms compared to those without depression or anxiety. Conclusion. This research indicates that a multidimensional, integrative approach to health care should be considered when assessing patients with asthma.
A Biography of Kenneth C. Land: Pioneer in Quality of Life and Social Indicators Research

Kenneth C. Land was born in the small town of Llano, Texas (population 3,000) on August 19, 1942. He earned Bachelor of Arts degrees in Sociology and History at Texas Lutheran College in 1964, a Master of Arts degree in Sociology, minoring in Mathematics, from the University of Texas-Austin in 1966, and a Ph. D. in Sociology, minoring in Mathematics, from the University of Texas-Austin in 1969. He was a Social Science Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow in Mathematical Statistics at Columbia University from 1969–1970. And later Ken was successively a member of the faculties of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and the University of Texas at Austin before joining the Duke Sociology Department as Chairman, which he served from January 1986 to August 1997. Ken was named the John Franklin Crowell Professor of Sociology and Demography at Duke University in 1990. Ken’s contributions to social indicators/quality-of-life/well-being studies commenced during his Social Science Research Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship year at Columbia University. Dr. Eleanor Sheldon of the Russell Sage Foundation had initiated the Indicators of Social Change research project at the Foundation. She interviewed Ken and signed him up to work on the project on a part-time basis during the PostDoctoral year and then as a Staff Member of the Foundation for 3 years after that. The first product of Ken’s work at Russell Sage was the article “On the Definition of Social Indicators (1971).” In this article Ken, outlined the characteristics of social indicators, and specified that “... the criterion for classifying a social statistic as a social indicator is its informative value which derives from its empirically verified nexus in a conceptualization of a social process” (p. 323, emphasis in original). Pursuing this line of thought, in the 1970s and 1980s Ken organized a number of conferences and workshops to focus on the use of social indicators, and each resulted in an edited volume of the work presented. He and sociologist Seymour Spilerman coordinated a Russell Sage Foundation-sponsored Conference on Social Indicators Models, to explore models that could be used to form indicators of the functioning of social systems and analyze their interconnections and changes over time. As a member Applied Research Quality Life (2014) 9:1111–1114 DOI 10.1007/s11482-014-9337-z
Hydrotropic and surfactant properties of novel diisopropyl naphthalene sulfonates

A novel surfactant and hydrotrope, sodium diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate (SDIPNS) has been developed. It contains about 92% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate, compared to other materials which are less than 50% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate. Aqueous solutions of 34–36% active SDIPNS have dual functionality. They have excellent surface properties and are compatible with conventional anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants. They demonstrate good laundering detergency in combination with sodium lauryl ethoxy sulfate, with or without builder. They maintain surface activity in 150 ppm hard water (Ca2+/Mg2+=2∶1), 5% NaCl, pH 2, and pH 12. They are effective hydrotropes. They enhance surfactant solubility, raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactants, and modify the viscosity of surfactant formulations. They are light in color and are low-foaming.
Nontraumatic Sports Injuries to the Lower Extremity

The number of children and adolescents participating in sports is on the rise. There has been an increase in the incidence of overuse injuries and a concern that overscheduling, multi-day tournaments, and playing on multiple teams in a single season contribute to the development of these injuries. Skeletally immature children and adolescents are susceptible to overuse injuries to the physes and apophyses, which can be difficult to diagnose, especially because many do not have positive radiographic findings. This article describes the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prevention of lower extremity overuse injuries in the skeletally mature and immature athlete.
Under-Reporting of Energy Intake by Elite Female Gymnasts

Abstract The degree of under-reporting of energy intake by elite, female gymnasts was assessed using the standards established by Goldberg et al (1991). 28 female g\Tiinasts from the US national artistic gymnastics team completed the 3-day food records during their training period. The degree of under-reporting was determined using the ratio of reported energy intake (El) to predicted basal metabolic rate (BMRestd). An El/BMRestd ratio of
Passive mode-locking of the Nd-glass oscillator at high repetition rate with thermally compensated phosphate glasses

Abstract The performance of the passively mode-locked Nd-glass laser has been investigated at repetition rates of up to 5 Hz for seven different varieties of Nd-doped silicate, fluoro-phosphate, and phosphate glass rods. Those phosphate rods which are thermally compensated (LHG-8, EV-4, Q-100) were found to permit mode-locking at 5 Hz with no apparent thermal distortion. The other rods had self-imposed repetition rate limits of less than 0.5 Hz. All rods were evaluated under conditions of TEM 00 field distribution. High resolution streak camera and time resolved spectrogram measurements showed that 4 ps time-bandwidth limited pulses were produced with thermally compensated phosphate glass only in the leading edge of the pulse train and that self-phasemodulation was present in the later pulses for all of the glasses.
Counting your blessings: Positive memories among grateful persons

We conducted two studies investigating the relationship of gratitude to autobiographical memory of positive and negative life events. Gratitude was assessed with an attitudinal measure and college students were asked to recall both positive and negative events from their past. In both studies, a significant positive relationship was found between trait gratitude and a positive memory bias. In Study 2 it was found that gratitude still reliably predicted positive memory bias after controlling for depression. Further, it was found that a positive intrusive memory bias was associated with gratitude in both studies. Thus, an important component of gratitude may be an enhanced tendency to recall positive events from one's life.
Eddy covariance measurement of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from an area of high volcanogenic emissions, Mammoth Mountain, California

Three pilot studies were performed to assess application of the eddy covariance micrometeorological method in the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux of volcanic origin. The selected study area is one of high diffuse CO2 emission on Mammoth Mountain, CA. Because terrain and source characteristics make this a complex setting for this type of measurement, added consideration was given to source area and upwind fetch. Footprint analysis suggests that the eddy covariance measurements were representative of an upwind elliptical source area (3.8×103 m2) which can vary with mean wind direction, surface roughness, and atmospheric stability. CO2 flux averaged 8–16 mg m−2 s−1 (0.7–1.4 kg m−2 day−1). Eddy covariance measurements of flux were compared with surface chamber measurements made in separate studies [Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998a) 1947; EOS Trans. 79 (1998) F941.] and were found to be similar.
Business ethics: A classroom priority?

“Schools of business are being blamed for much of the unethical behavior in business today” (Harcourt, 1990: p. 17); “Ethics can and should be integrated into coursework throughout students' college careers” (Spencer and Lehman, 1990: p. 7); “... business schools have been charged with inadequate attention to ethics” (Bishop, 1992: p. 291); “The American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) encourages schools of business to incorporate business ethics throughout the curricula” (Davidet al., 1990: p. 26). These quotations indicate the concern for providing ethics education in today's business curriculums. In 1976, the AACSB urged business educators to include ethics in their course curricula, however, over 15 years later there is still concern as to whether the coverage of this topic in the business curriculum is adequate. A review of the literature indicates that professors are beginning to integrate this topic into its curriculum. But what are the techniques that work? And is the topic of ethics truly being integrated into the entire business curricula? This research assesses the integration of ethics into the business curricula today. Graduating seniors in the college of business of several universities were questioned to determine: (1) the courses in which the issue of ethics was addressed; (2) how much time was devoted to the issue by the professors; and (3) the methods employed to address the issue, and students' perceptions of their effectiveness.
Hot, cold and in between: enabling fine-grained environmental control in homes for efficiency and comfort

Forced-air heating and cooling systems frequently perform poorly in multi-story homes. Long, leaky ducts running from the heater or air conditioner to the rooms of the house can impede airflow to second story rooms, creating dramatic temperature differentials between different spaces in the house. Such temperature discrepancies can lead not only to occupant discomfort, but also to energy waste since the thermostat would have to be set higher to achieve the desired temperature in some rooms. In this work, we propose a decentralized platform for heating and cooling systems in medium-sized homes that aims to independently control the temperature of each room. The goal of this approach is to provide heating and cooling necessary for poorly conditioned individual rooms to reach the required comfort level. By heating and cooling different rooms to different setpoints at different times, we can leverage our understanding about the way spaces in the home are actually used in order to fine-tune the environmental settings. We show that our techniques can both increase the residents' comfort and decrease the energy used by the house's heating and cooling system. In our primary test home, we estimate that our techniques could reduce natural gas consumption by roughly 18\% during the coldest months of the heating season while increasing the temperature in the most-used living spaces by 2-5 degrees Fahrenheit.
Element-specific magnetometry with photoelectron dichroism: FeCo and FeNi

We have investigated fcc FexCo1−x and FexNi1−x alloys grown on Cu(1 0 0) with X-ray magnetic linear dichroism angular distributions in photoemission (XMLDAD). To achieve this end, a simple model has been developed, which accurately describes the experimental spectra and supports our application of XMLDAD as a form of elementally specific magnetometry. This model combines the simplicity and physical insight of a single-electron picture with multielectronic effects, via the utilization of “Doniach–Sunjic” lineshapes for each component within the Fe 3p multiplet. We will also briefly discuss the observed fine structure in the emission of the Fe 3p core level, which was previously predicted but lacking experimental confirmation. We have found different behavior for the dichroism of the Fe 3p level at high and low Fe concentrations upon alloying with Co, compared to alloying with Ni. These contrasting observations can be explained in part by the different behavior of the atomic volume. Both systems show also a change of the in-plane easy axis upon increasing the Fe content. For small concentrations the easy axis is along the {011} direction, which changes to the {001} direction at a higher Fe content. Interestingly the actual transition occurs in both instances at roughly the same electron/atom count.
A Second Generation Tunable Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer for Ground-Based Observations of Diffuse Emission Line Targets

We report construction and testing of a tunable spatial heterodyne spectrometer that has been installed at the Coude Auxiliary Telescope on Mt. Hamilton. The instrument combines high sensitivity and resolving power with broadband capability.
Flavonoids from the genus tragopogon (compositae)

Abstract The known flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, 1μuteolin 7-O-β- d -glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β- d -glucoside, vitexin, isovitexin, vicenin-1, vicenin-2, swertisin, orientin, isoorientin, lucenin-1, lucenin-2, and swertia-japonin were identified as constituents of one or more of the five North American Tragopogon species. The distribution of these compounds is consistent with the genetic relationships between the species. A new C-glycosyl flavone, O-xylosylisovitexin, was detected in T. dubius .
Adenovirus early region 1b gene function required for rescue of latent adeno-associated virus.

Abstract Various early and late temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus (Ad) were able to support adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA replication in either coinfections or in the rescue of AAV from latently infected human (Detroit 6) cells. Group I Ad host range mutants (hr 3, early region 1a) were unable to help AAV DNA replication in either case. Group II Ad host range mutants (hr 6, early region 1b), however, were able to help AAV DNA replication in coinfection but were unable to rescue AAV DNA replication in latently infected Detroit 6 cells. Thus, an Ad function(s), in addition to those required for AAV DNA replication, is needed for AAV rescue.