cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Insomnia and Asthma Burden in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) III

Background Sleep difficulties are commonly reported by patients with asthma; however, the prevalence of insomnia and its association with disease burden and well-being is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia, defined as combined sleep-specific complaints with associated daytime symptoms, among a large sample of adults with asthma, and to compare well-being, asthma control, and asthma-related health care utilization in individuals with asthma and insomnia and those without insomnia. Methods Baseline data from adults with physician-confirmed asthma enrolled in the Severe Asthma Research Program III was used for analyses (N = 714). Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Asthma Control Test, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Insomnia (ISI ≥ 10) was identified in 263 participants (37%). Presence of insomnia was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms and poorer quality of life. Those with insomnia had a 2.4-fold increased risk for having not well-controlled asthma and a 1.5-fold increased risk for asthma-related health care utilization in the past year compared with those without insomnia. Conclusions Insomnia is highly prevalent in asthma and is associated with adverse outcomes. Further studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the interaction between insomnia and asthma control.
Journal of Marketing Research: Looking Forward

AbstractJournal of Marketing Research (JMR) has a storied history as one of the preeminent journals in the marketing discipline. This position has enabled JMR to leverage and attract the best manuscripts from authors who seek a broad audience. Suggestions for improvements in five specific areas are discussed: competitive landscape, evolution in the theory and practice of marketing, stakeholder management, managing manuscripts, and improving credibility. Such improvements can be achieved with sustained effort and input from authors, reviewers, associate editors, and coeditors.
From Politics to Personalism: A Historical Perspective

This chapter traces the FWP’s documentary methods and aims as articulated in critical histories and archival fieldwork instructions and speeches. The Project’s approach to documenting individual stories can be tied to President Roosevelt’s own interest in personalizing the nation’s economic crisis through individual accounts of struggle. Central to this discussion is Benjamin Botkin, the FWP’s national folklore editor, and Sterling Brown, the Negro Affairs editor, who together led the FWP’s efforts to compile a vast and unprecedented collection of folklore and oral histories, including those of former slaves. Both men advocated for the use of literary techniques in fieldwork and both believed that the creative writer—more than the trained folklorist—could humanize folklore, making it accessible to the general public and a vehicle for promoting awareness of and appreciation for the nation’s cultural diversity.
Forensic Rhetorics and Satellite Surveillance: The Visualization of War Crimes and Human Rights Violations, by Marouf Hasian, Jr.: New York: Lexington, 2016. 291 pp. $95.00 (cloth)

Marouf Hasian, Jr.’s Forensic Rhetorics and Satellite Surveillance is timely and relevant to contemporary issues of human rights violations and crises in the wake of emergent terrorist organization...
Retroviruses: General Features

The family Retroviridae contains two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and the Spumaretrovirinae. The latter is comprised of a single genus, while the former includes six genera, two of which, the Deltaretrovirus and the Lentivirus, contain the human pathogens human T-lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Virions are spherical and enveloped by a lipid bilayer derived from host cell membranes. They are genetically diploid with two copies of a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome packaged into the virion. Following introduction into the target cell, the RNA genome is converted to a double-stranded DNA copy by a process termed reverse transcription. This DNA version of the viral genome is then integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the cell, allowing the virus to persist and produce progeny for as long as the cell lives and providing a mechanism for lifelong infection in the vertebrate host. In addition to the human pathogens, the Retroviridae includes important pathogens of horses, cows, sheep, cats, and rodents, where members induce cancers, anemias, arthritis, immunodeficiencies, and degenerative disease.
The American Board of Family Medicine: New Tools to Assist Program Directors and Graduates Achieve Success

In this commentary we review the improvements in the pass rates for first-time American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Certification Examination test takers in the context of new tools and resources for program directors against the backdrop of a changing accreditation system and increased competition for a relatively fixed number of graduate medical education positions in family medicine. While causality cannot be established between the strategic initiatives of the ABFM and higher pass rates, we can all celebrate the new tools and resources provided to residents and program directors, and the improved performance of family medicine graduates on the certification examination.
Review: Hitler at Home, by Despina Stratigakos

Despina Stratigakos Hitler at Home New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2015, 373 pp., 13 color and 71 b/w illus. $40, ISBN 9780300183818 It is disturbing to think that Adolf Hitler still has something important to say. It is even more disturbing that we should pay attention. And yet, Despina Stratigakos shows us why we should in her book Hitler at Home . It is clear that architectural historians have long favored the schemes of Albert Speer over those of Gerdy Troost—Hitler's preferred interior designer. Speer's work was public, Troost's private. His work was grandiose, hers mundane. And perhaps most important, his work was male and hers, well, female. Given the subject matter of her previous book, A Women's Berlin , we should not be surprised that Stratigakos reminds us how important females have been to the history of visual and built culture.1 As she says, if Speer had been more involved in Hitler's domestic sphere, maybe the Fuhrer's domestic spaces would be more familiar. She also points out that the primary Troost archive in Munich will not open officially until 2019—something that tells us a lot about how the availability (or lack thereof) of documents has shaped the field, in terms of both the topics covered and the …
For Loretta: A Black Woman Literacy Scholar’s Journey to Prioritizing Self-Preservation and Black Feminist–Womanist Storytelling:

In this article, I used Black feminist–womanist storytelling to weave together stories from my childhood and early years on the tenure track to illuminate how Black female language and literacy practices and the strongblackwoman trope develop across a life span. Through these stories, I illustrate how I existed, resisted, and persisted during my first 3 years on the tenure track as a Black woman and emerging language and literacy scholar with a family. This research is significant as scholarship that centers Black women literacy researchers’ lived experiences is missing from the field. As such, this work contributes to presenting a fuller narrative of Black women literacy researchers’ experiences and working lives within and beyond the academy. This research also expands the field’s knowledge of what counts as literacy research by understanding the complex racial and gendered life span literacies of a literacy researcher of color. It is important for institutions and organizations to consider the knowledg...
Early Surgery Confers 1-Year Mortality Benefit in Hip-Fracture Patients.

Background To evaluate the relationship between surgical timing and 1-year mortality in patients requiring hip fracture repair. Methods We analyzed all 720 patients (>65 years) who had hip fracture surgery between March 2005 and February 2015, identifying patients by ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes using electronic data query. Mortality data were obtained from the institutional database, state and Social Security Death Indices. The relationship between surgical timing (defined as the interval from admission to the start of surgery) and 1-year mortality was assessed using a multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for baseline clinical status and surgical factors. Results Among the 720 patients, 159 patients (22%) died within 1 year. The median time from admission to surgery was 30 hours. A linear relationship between the surgical timing and 1-year mortality was demonstrated. Delaying surgery was significantly associated with increased 1-year mortality, odds ratio 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02-1.08) per 10-hour delay (P = 0.001). Conclusions A linear relationship was observed between surgical timing and 1-year mortality. Each 10-hour delay from admission to surgery was associated with an estimated 5% higher odds of 1-year mortality. Therefore, we suggest that hip fractures should be treated urgently similar to other time-sensitive pathology such as stroke and myocardial ischemia. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Chronic pain in the workplace: A diary study of pain interference at work and worker strain.

Chronic pain is both prevalent and one of the leading causes of work-related disability. Somatic experiences of pain and pain interference with daily activities at work may lead to psychological distress and strain in workers. In accordance with the appraisal theory of stress, we proposed a model in which pain interference mid-workday predicts negative affect and end-of-workday emotional exhaustion in workers who interact with customers. Further, we proposed that pain interference predicts variance in negative affect and exhaustion beyond somatic experiences of pain, based on our theoretical proposition that pain interference represents a secondary stress appraisal. Participants (N = 86 full-time workers with chronic pain) completed 2 online surveys per day for 5 consecutive workdays. Results from multilevel path analysis supported our hypotheses; pain interference predicted both negative affect and end-of-day emotional exhaustion while controlling for somatic experiences of pain (pain severity). Further, pain interference indirectly predicted end-of-day emotional exhaustion via negative affect while controlling for somatic pain experiences. Results highlight the importance of pain interference as a stressor at work for individuals working with chronic pain and point to the need for effective interventions for this working population.
Neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae as a probe for nonstandard neutrino-scalar interactions

We explore the possibility of probing the nonstandard interactions between the neutrino and a hypothetical massive scalar or pseudoscalar via neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae. We find that in the ultrarelativistic limit, the effective interaction between the neutrinos vanishes if neutrinos are Dirac fermions but not if they are Majorana fermions. The impact of the new neutrino interaction upon the flavor transformation above the neutrinosphere is calculated in the context of the multiangle ``neutrino bulb model.'' We find that the addition of the nonstandard neutrino self-interaction (NSSI) to the ordinary V-A self-interaction between neutrinos is capable of dramatically altering the collective oscillations when its strength is comparable to the standard, V-A, interaction. The effect of flavor-preserving (FP) NSSI is generally to suppress flavor transformation, while the flavor-violating (FV) interactions are found to promote flavor transformations. If the neutrino signal from a Galactic supernova can be sufficiently well understood, supernova neutrinos can provide complimentary constraints on scalar/pseudoscalar interactions of neutrinos as well as distinguishing whether the neutrino is a Majorana or Dirac fermion.
Game Plan: Development of a Web App Designed to Help Men Who Have Sex With Men Reduce Their HIV Risk and Alcohol Use

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV, and alcohol use is a major risk factor for HIV infection. Internet-facilitated brief interventions have been shown to reduce alcohol use and HIV-risk behavior in other at-risk populations, but have so far incorporated limited content and have not been tested among MSM. Objective This manuscript describes Game Plan, an interactive, tablet-optimized web application designed to help heavy drinking, high-risk MSM consider reducing their alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. In this paper, we discuss the rationale, goals, and flow for each of Game Plan's components, which were modelled after common in-person and web-based brief motivational interventions for these behaviors. Methods The development of Game Plan was informed by a thorough user-focused design research process that included (1) audits of existing interventions, (2) focus groups with stakeholders and (3) intended users (high-risk, heavy drinking MSM), and (4) usability testing. The aesthetic, features, and content of the app were designed iteratively throughout this process. Results The fully-functional Game Plan app provides (1) specific and personal feedback to users about their level of risk, (2) exercises to help prompt users to reflect on whether their current behavior aligns with other important life goals and values, and for those open to change, (3) exercises to help users understand factors that contribute to risk, and (4) a change planning module. In general, this flow was constructed to roughly align with the two phases described in early accounts of motivational interviewing (MI): (1) Content intended to elicit intrinsic motivation for change, and when/if sufficient motivation is present, (2) content intended to translate that motivation into specific goals and plans for change. This sequence first focuses on the user's HIV risk behavior, followed by their alcohol use and the connection between the two. The app's overall aesthetic (eg, branding, color palettes, icons/graphics) and its onboarding sequence was also designed to align with the "spirit" of MI by conveying respect for autonomy, open-mindedness (ie, avoiding judgment), and empathy. Conclusions Should future research support its efficacy in facilitating behavior change, Game Plan could represent a wide-reaching and scalable tool that is well-suited for use in settings where delivering evidence-based, in-person interventions would be difficult or cost-prohibitive.
52Cr(p,n)52Mng,m and 52Cr(d,2n)52Mng,m excitation functions.

We have irradiated natural chromium with protons and deuterons to produce $^{52}\mathrm{Mn}^{\mathrm{g}}$,m, primarily from the $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$(p,n) and $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$(d,2n) reactions. The excitation functions up to 27 MeV were measured by the foil activation method and were compared with results from a statistical model calculation based on the Hauser-Feshbach formalism with preequilibrium emission. For $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$(p,n${)}^{52}$${\mathrm{Mn}}^{\mathrm{g}}$,m, both the total cross section, \ensuremath{\sigma}(g+m), and the isomer ratio, \ensuremath{\sigma}(m)/\ensuremath{\sigma}(g), are reproduced to within 10% by the calculations. By contrast, for the $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$(d,2n${)}^{52}$${\mathrm{Mn}}^{\mathrm{g}}$,m reaction, we find that calculations overestimate \ensuremath{\sigma}(g+m) by \ensuremath{\sim}50% and underestimate \ensuremath{\sigma}(m)/\ensuremath{\sigma}(g) by nearly one-half. We find that arbitrary adjustments of level density or preequilibrium parameters can yield approximate agreement for \ensuremath{\sigma}(g+m) but do not improve the agreement for \ensuremath{\sigma}(m)/\ensuremath{\sigma}(g). A part of this discrepancy may be due to the fact that the preequilibrium calculations do not include angular momentum. However, to fully understand this discrepancy, deuteron breakup effects in the entrance channel must be taken into account. A companion paper explores this idea.
Strategic foundation of computational social science

For decades, scholars of various disciplines have been fretted over strategic interactions, presenting theoretical insights and empirical observations. Despite the central role played by strategic interactions in creating values in the Internet environment, our ability to understand them scientifically and to manage them in practice has remained limited. While engineering communities suffer from not having enough theoretical resource to formalize such phenomena, economics and social sciences lack adequate technology to properly operationalize their theoretical insights, thereby demanding an integrative solution. This project aims to develop a rational-choice-theory-driven framework for computational social science, focusing on social interactions on the Internet. In order to suggest theoretical foundations, validation of the predictions in a controlled environment, and verification of the results in actual platforms, general approaches and a few examples of ongoing research are presented.
A review of shallow seismic methods

Shallow seismic methods have historical roots dating to the 1930s, when limited shallow refraction work was performed using the Intercept-Time (IT) method. Because of high costs and the general lack of appropriate equipment - particularly data-processing equipment and software - the shallow-reflection and surface-wave techniques did not catch on as quickly as the refraction techniques. However, since 1980 substantial progress has been made in the development of all of the shallow seismic approaches. The seismic-reflection method has been used increasingly in applications at depths of less than 30 m, incorporating both the standard Common-Midpoint (CMP) method of the petroleum industry and the Common-Offset (CO) method, which was developed specifically as a low-cost technique for use in shallow surveying. In refraction studies, the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) largely has replaced the classical intercept-time method, and tomographic approaches are rapidly gaining popularity. The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) has been developed by civil engineers, and surface-wave analysis involving many seismograph channels (MASW) recently has shown promise. With any of the shallow seismic methods, however, selecting the appropriate seismic recording equipment, energy sources, and data-acquisition parameters, along with processing and interpretation strategies, often is critical to the success of a project.
Website development issues

Since 1995, university academic libraries have seen increased computer demand and use by faculty, staff, and students; widespread use of bibliographic databases to identify the existence and content of local and remote information; the emergence of full-text electronic resources; and a plethora of network databases, protocols, and applications growing piecemeal throughout the academic setting. To provide on-line access to these resources, libraries created web 'gateways' using new browser-based technology.When any new technology develops, there is a tendency to discard the traditional way of doing things and start again. However, rather than arguing which approach is better, it is more constructive to examine and combine the strengths of each approach to provide a better service for the end-user. This is particularly applicable in the case of web sites, since the creation of a web site has become a relatively easy task. This chapter reviews the best practices gleaned from various disciplines, sprinkled with real-life examples, and tempered by experience. The goal of the chapter is to provide the framework for a viable library web project.
Dental Anthropology of South Asian Populations: A Review

Morphological and metrical variations of the human dentition have not been utilized to their full potential by anthropologists concerned with patterns of human biological variation in South Asia. While dental anthropology has contributed major insights into the evolution and migration of many of the world’s populations, physical anthropology in South Asia consists primarily of traditional descriptions of the anthropometric, dermatoglyphic, and immunogenetic characteristics of the subcontinent’s diverse populations.
Infiltration studies of additive manufacture of WC with Co using binder jetting and pressureless melt method

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) is explored starting with WC preforms shaped with binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) followed by melt infiltration of Co. The research objective is to demonstrate the ability to net-shape WC-Co composites through BJAM of a WC preform followed by backfilling with cobalt via pressureless infiltration. This method also has the potential to minimize shrinkage and grain growth compared to other AM techniques. The effects of sintering, Co content, and infiltration time on the net shaping and properties of processed composites are shown. The best shaped material had an average grain size of 5.1 μm, 32 vol.% Co, density of 98.54% theoretical, fracture toughness of 23.2 MPa m1/2, and hardness of 9.0 GPa. Data presented illustrates that the proposed approach results in favorable ceramic-metal (cermet) properties and is viable for fabricating cermets of other material combinations. Successful AM of cermets provides complex geometries, high throughout, and low costs.
Measuring User Experience With 3, 5, 7, or 11 Points: Does It Matter?

ObjectiveTo assess versions of the shorter form variant of Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX-LITE) questionnaire differing in the number of response options for the items (3, 5, 7, and 11)...
Gate Drive for Very Fast Resonant Conversion using SiC Switch

In this paper, we explore the challenges of implementing resonant converters using silicon carbide (SiC) power devices at high-frequency: namely, the issue of the ability to drive and enhance the MOSFET at these frequencies. Although power circuit designers have many alternative device technologies to choose from such as silicon (Si) and gallium nitride materials (GaN), SiC devices have several advantageous attributes especially in high power applications. However, utilizing these devices at high-frequencies poses an issue due to package parasitics, significant gating losses, and requiring large gate voltage swings with short rise and fall times. We offer a solution to the challenges of driving SiC devices by demonstrating a multi-resonant gate driver, and use this scheme to drive a SiC MOSFET at 30 MHz in a class-E inverter. The inverter delivers 50 W of RF power, achieving 85.7% drain efficiency.
Three-Dimensional Printing on a Rotating Cylindrical Mandrel: A Review of Additive-Lathe 3D Printing Technology

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful rapid manufacturing technology with wide applicability in scientific research, in industry, and for the home hobbyist. A popular 3D printing discipline...
Precision in Mechanical Ventilation

The primary goals of mechanical ventilation are to improve gas exchange and relieve respiratory distress while allowing time for the resolution of respiratory failure. Because mechanical ventilation can cause ventilator-induced lung injury, a third goal is to reduce and prevent damage caused by the ventilator. Therefore, personalizing ventilator management based on a patient’s underlying disease process and physiology is imperative. A brief overview of mechanical ventilation is provided, but this chapter focuses on strategies to reduce and prevent lung injury during mechanical ventilation, as well as common causes and fixes of ventilator asynchrony.
(Re)Constructing Voices: Immigrant Women Read and Write for Social Justice and Themselves

Migration has reached crisis levels around the world, with communities struggling to resettle and support increasing numbers of newly-arrived individuals. Adult language and literacy education can empower immigrants to reclaim their voices as they acculturate to their new home. Using qualitative methods of narrative inquiry, this contribution demonstrates the value of an integrated reading-writing approach to English language and literacy tutoring with four, immigrant women attending an urban, adult education center in the northeastern United States. Based on in-depth interviews with each student and over 120 written texts they produced over 2 years, this chapter weaves together the women’s voices –their journeys, aspirations, and reactions to global social justice issues addressed through reading and writing instruction. Their stories, organized around the themes of immigration, language, identity, education, and writing, reflect change and adaptation, resilience, and hope, as the women are empowered through their participation in a reading-writing community.
Flexible schedules across working lives: Age-specific effects on well-being and work.

In the midst of an aging global workforce, organizations must develop a better understanding of how work design interacts with aging to influence worker well-being. Grounded in socioemotional selectivity theory, the present study assesses how the effects of flexible schedules on sick day use, subjective health perceptions, work-to-family conflict, affective commitment, and work engagement change with age. The study uses 3,623 observations from the Linked Personnel Panel, a federally collected and maintained data set consisting of three waves from 2013-2017 in Germany. Results show that flexible schedules have age-specific effects for some outcomes and age-neutral effects for others. Flexible schedules were related to lower sick day use and higher subjective health perceptions only among older workers and reduced work-to-family conflict only among middle-aged workers. Relationships with work engagement and affective commitment were more consistently positive across age. The results point to the importance of understanding age-specific policy effects in the face of workforce aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
A stratified phase I dose escalation trial of hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma: long-term follow-up and final outcomes

We conducted a phase I dose-escalation trial of radiation with ipilimumab in patients with melanoma with ≥2 metastatic lesions. Here, we report the final full clinical analysis. Patients received R...
Hype and Conquer: The Home Console Industry As an Entertainment Platform Market

How do blockbusters dominate the competition in entertainment platforms? Traditionally, entertainment industries incur in high market concentration and extreme uncertainty on product sales. Today, with the disruption of the platform revolution, they face an additional level of complexity with the typical dynamics of multi-sided organizations. The video game industry is one of the oldest digital entertainment platform markets and, despite high risks, it generated US$137.9 billion in revenue with a consumer base of more than 2 billion gamers in 2017. I take the home console market as a case study to study hit-making emergence in entertainment platform markets. I present how publishers market concentration appears within the platform's 'winner-takes-most' competition. After an empirical survey on the market's history and actors behavior, I present an agent-based model that surveys platform's life-cycle on the home console sector of North America. I find peer influence in a multi-sided organization is sufficient to reproduce the industry's typical life-cycle, high market concentration, and extreme uncertainty.
Modern Management of the Appendix: So Many Options.

Nonoperative management (NOM) of acute appendicitis is becoming more popular, especially in resource-strapped locations, to minimize hospital system costs. In uncomplicated cases of appendicitis, NOM can effectively treat the patient. It does carry a 39.1% risk of recurrence in 5 years, and operative management (OM) does not increase morbidity or risk of complication, so the authors recommend laparoscopic OM for uncomplicated appendicitis. For complicated cases of appendicitis, the authors recommend initial NOM with interval appendectomy in all patients. All appendicitis patients should undergo surveillance endoscopy if older than 40 years to rule out a contributing neoplasm.
Chapter 15. Recent Developments in Antibacterial Resistance Mechanisms

Publisher Summary There have been relatively rapid and dramatic changes in the antibiotic resistance patterns in both community and institutional settings that will likely have considerable impact on the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial infections. Resistance development also limits utility of macrolides in the long-term treatment of Mycobacterium avium, a leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. This chapter discusses the recent discoveries in mechanisms of resistance to the major classes of anti-bacterial agents. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms, unfortunately not yet available, can aid in the development of new anti-bacterial agents with which to combat the increasing threat of drug-resistant pathogens. Although it was anticipated that the fluoroquinolones had the potential to be safe, oral therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), this has proven not to be the case. Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has also become problematic. In some cases, the resistance of P. aeruginosa has been as high as 45% to 50%. In addition, high level quinolone resistance has developed against 14% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Decreased drug accumulation, resulting from the reduction or absence of porin channels in the outer membrane and active efflux at the inner membrane, also play a role in quinolone resistance. Expression of ompF is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational level. Overexpression of micF, encoding an anti-sense RNA, that is complementary to the 5'-end of the pmpF message, presumably reduces ompF translation by destabilization of the ompF messenger RNA (mRNA) ribosome complex.
miR-155 overexpression augments anti-viral CD8+ T cell responses (VIR4P.1007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in regulating cellular processes. One miRNA in particular, miR-155, has been well characterized in many immune cell subsets. Recently, our lab has demonstrated an essential role for miR-155 in CD8+ T cell responses. Using murine models of influenza virus and Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection, we have shown that CD8+T cells deficient in miR-155 demonstrate an intrinsic defect in anti-viral and anti-bacterial responses. Currently, we are investigating and characterizing the effect of miR-155 overexpression in CD8+ T cells. Adoptively transferred miR-155-overexpressing OT-I CD8+ T cells demonstrate a greater than 2-fold increase in the absolute number of anti-viral CD8+ T cells in the lungs of infected animals when compared to control OT-I CD8+ T cells at days 8 and 10 post-influenza infection. Interestingly, a significant number of miR-155 overexpressing OT-I CD8+ T cells demonstrate IFNγ- and TNFα-production and LAMP1-expression ex vivo. Overexpression of miR-155 in CD8+ T cells does not affect memory formation. These data suggest that overexpression of miR-155 augments effector CD8+ T cell responses.
The Flying Tiger: Women Shamans and Storytellers of the Amur

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Deusen Van and Kira Year: 2001 Pages: xxii + 260 Publisher: McGill-Queen's University Press Prices: $65.00 US(hard cover).
Transport equations and spin-charge propagating mode in a strongly confined two-dimensional hole gas

We find that the spin-charge motion in a strongly confined two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) supports a propagating mode of cubic dispersion apart from the diffusive mode due to momentum scattering. Propagating modes seem to be a generic property of systems with spin-orbit coupling. Through a rigorous Keldysh approach, we obtain the transport equations for the 2DHG, we analyze the behavior of the hole spin relaxation time, the diffusion coefficients, and the spin-charge coupled motion.
Structure and transcriptional regulation of the ovine placental lactogen gene.

Ovine placental lactogen (oPL), a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene family, is produced by chorionic binucleate cells at the maternal–fetal interface, and is thought to modulate metabolic processes and enhance fetal growth. We have determined that the oPL gene contains five exons and four introns, and the transcriptional start site was mapped 91 bp 5′ of the initiation codon (AUG). An additional 4.5 kb of 5′-flanking sequence was sequenced and used for transient transfection analysis in human (BeWo) and rat (Rcho-1) choriocarcinoma cell lines to examine trophoblast cell-specific activity. Trophoblast cell-specific transactivation of the reporter gene was conferred by the proximal 1.1 kb of oPL gene 5′-flanking sequence. Transfection of deletion constructs derived from the 1.1 kb of 5′-flanking sequence resulted in varying profiles of transactivation between the two choriocarcinoma cell lines, but maximal activation in both cell lines resided within the proximal 383 bp of oPL gene 5′-flanking sequence. DNase I protection analysis using ovine chorionic binucleate cell nuclear protein, identified 19 footprints within the 1.1-kb sequence, six of which are located within the 383-bp region. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays and mutational analysis identified two functional GATA (−67, −102) sequences as transactivators of the oPL gene. However, a previously undefined element (GAGGAG) residing at −338 and −283 is required for full transactivation, and mutation of either significantly reduces reporter activity. In addition, an AP-2 site (−58) and an E-box (−163) were identified and may coordinate oPL transactivation. Transcriptional regulation of human and rodent PL genes has been previously characterized, and our results indicate that tissue-specific regulation of oPL expression may result from cis-acting elements in common with human and rat genes expressed within the placenta. However, our data indicate that regulation of oPL also results from novel cis-acting elements.
General form of the quantum-defect theory for − 1 / r α type of potentials with α > 2

We present a general formulation of the quantum-defect theory for systems with an attractive $1/{r}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ type of asymptotic potentials with $\ensuremath{\alpha}g2$. Its structural differences from the standard theory for $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\le}2$, or from the semiclassical theory, is fully explained through a systematic understanding of quantum reflection above the threshold, and quantum connection formulas below the threshold.
Ge 1-x C x /Si heterojunction photodiode

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a photodiode made from a heterojunction of epitaxial p-type Ge1-xCx on an n-type Si substrate. Epitaxial Ge1-xCx layers with carbon percentages of 0.2, 0.8, 1.4 and 2% were grown on (100) Si substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The p-GeC/n-Si junction exhibits diode rectification with low reverse saturation current (<EQ 89 pA/micrometers 2 at -1 volt) and high reverse breakdown voltage in excess of -40 volts. Despite the large number of dislocations and defects at the heterojunction, photoresponsivity was observed from the p- Ge1-xCx/n-Si diodes using laser excitation at a wavelength of 1.3 micrometers . External quantum efficiency was measured between 1.2 and 2.3%.
Studies using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) knockout mice and a LIF adenoviral vector demonstrate a key anti-inflammatory role for this cytokine in cutaneous inflammation.

Previous work has implicated the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cutaneous inflammation, although results have differed as to whether LIF is pro- or anti-inflammatory in this setting. We examined edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine responses following CFA injection in the adult mouse footpad. Inflammatory cell infiltration and edema are significantly enhanced when CFA is injected in LIF knockout mice as compared with injection of wild-type littermates. Moreover, local injection of an adenoviral vector encoding LIF suppresses both measures of inflammation. In contrast, injection of an adenoviral vector encoding β-galactosidase has no discernable effect on inflammation. In addition, comparison of the CFA responses in LIF knockout vs wild-type skin reveals that LIF is an important regulator of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-2Rα, and IFN-γ in cutaneous inflammation. These and our previous data indicate that both endogenous and exogenous LIF are anti-inflammatory in the CFA model and that LIF is a key regulator of the cytokine cascade. The results also indicate that adenoviral gene delivery can be an effective therapeutic approach in this paradigm.
Incorporating cycling costs in generation dispatch program – an economic value stream for energy storage

SUMMARY Increased variable generation penetration without reinforcing the power grid with additional flexibility in the form of fast responding reserves necessitates existing conventional generation fleet to undergo cycling operations that are detrimental to its economics and lifespan. This paper presents a systematic methodology to estimate cycling costs related to the ancillary service and start-up/shutdown operations of various generators. Production costing programs are performed in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 24 bus reliability test system to quantify the cycling costs associated with system operation. Two methods are investigated to reduce system cycling costs, namely, incorporating the cycling cost components within the generation offers submitted to the dispatch programs and integration of bulk energy storage. Simulation results were also used to assess the potential of storage projects to earn economic incentive when additional cycling cost components are incorporated within generation offers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freeze-Induced Membrane Ultrastructural Alterations in Rye (Secale cereale) Leaves

Freezing injury in protoplasts isolated from leaves of nonaccli-mated rye (Secale cereale cv Puma) is associated with the formation of the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. However, in protoplasts from cold-acclimated rye, injury is associated with the occurrence of localized deviations in the fracture plane, a lesion referred to as the "fracture-jump lesion." To establish that these ultrastructural consequences of freezing are not unique to protoplasts, we have examined the manifestations of freezing injury in leaves of non-acclimated and cold-acclimated rye by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. At -10[deg]C, injury in nonacclimated leaves was manifested by the appearance of aparticulate domains in the plasma membrane, aparticulate lamellae subtending the plasma membrane, and by the frequent occurrence of the HII phase. The HII phase was not observed in leaves of cold-acclimated rye frozen to -35[deg]C. Rather, injury was associated with the occurrence of the fracture-jump lesion between the plasma membrane and closely appressed cytoplasmic membranes. Studies of the time dependence of HII phase formation in nonacclimated leaves indicated that freeze-induced dehydration requires longer times in leaves than in isolated protoplasts. These results demonstrate that the freeze-induced formation of the HII phase in nonacclimated rye and the fracture-jump lesion in cold-acclimated rye are not unique to protoplasts but also occur in the leaves from which the protoplasts are isolated.
Hemodynamic Consequences of Laparoscopy for Patients on Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Abstract Background: Technologic advances and superior survival with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) have led to an expanding population that develops intraabdominal conditions requiring intervention. Whether laparoscopy can be performed without detrimental effects on hemodynamics and device function is not well described. Materials and Methods: Effects of laparoscopy performed on MCS were retrospectively assessed. Intraoperative hemodynamics and device function were compared with the same time interval 24 hours prior to surgery using intrapatient paired t tests. Outcomes included survival, transfusion, thromboembolic events, and infection. Results: Twelve patients with ventricular assist devices or total artificial hearts underwent laparoscopy from 2012 to 2014. Median follow-up was 116 days. Operations included cholecystectomy, diagnostic laparoscopy, gastrojejunostomy, and gastrostomy. There were no differences between preoperative and intraoperative mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and inotrop...
Ethnic variation in use and effects of alcohol

Americans living in Hawaii were questioned about their use of alcoholic beverages. Although alcohol use was widespread in all ethnic groups included in the study, comparisons among groups showed that (a) a larger proportion of Orientals than Caucasians reported no use of alcohol, (b) Caucasians reported heavier use, and (c) a larger proportion of Oriental users reported facial flushing as a sequel to alcohol consumption. Persons with one Oriental and one Caucasian parent were intermediate with respect to (a) and (b), but were more similar to Orientals on (c). Other symptomology reported appeared to be associated with amount imbibed, not with ethnicity per se. Compared to current users, former users reported a larger number of problems and symptoms associated with alcohol use.
The Roles of Aptness, Conventionality, and Working Memory in the Production of Metaphors and Similes

What factors affect the processes by which vehicles are selected for metaphors and similes? What determines the form of figurative statement people prefer to use? To answer these questions we contrast the predictions of class-inclusion theory and the structure mapping theory and its career of metaphor variant with respect to aptness, conventionality, and working memory (WM) in a figurative statement production task. Consistent with both theories we found that property-aptness influences the time required to generate a vehicle, that conventionality predicts the quality of vehicles and the time it takes to generate them, and that WM capacity predicts the quality of vehicles produced. However, it was class-inclusion theory that best explained why we observed no effect of aptness on vehicle quality and why WM and vehicle quality, but not conventionality, influenced the likelihood of using the metaphor or simile form. We end with a discussion of how these results relate to Kintsch's Predication Model of compre...
Non-vector space approach for nanoscale motion control

As the advancement of nanotechnology, it is possible to manipulate structures at nanoscale with various nanomanipulation tools such as scanning probe microscopes. To achieve successful manipulations, precise motion control is required, especially for objects with sizes from subnanometer to several nanometers. To address this issue, this paper presents an image based non-vector space control approach. Considering images obtained from the microscopes as sets, the dynamics of the system can be formulated in the space of sets. Since the linear structure of the vector space is not available in this space, this method is called the non-vector space control. With the dynamics in the non-vector space, we formulate the stabilization problem and design the controller. The stabilization controller is tested with images obtained by atomic force microscopes, and the results verify the proposed theory. The method presented in this paper does not rely on external sensors for position feedback. Moreover, unlike the traditional image based control method, we do not need to extract features from images and track them during the control process. Finally, the control precision can be as good as the imaging resolution. The approach presented in this paper can also be extended to other systems where the states can be represented as sets.
Wood-based building components: what have we learned?

Wood has long played a part in sheltering humans from the elements, but many of its properties remain poorly understood. This paper reviews deterioration of wood in buildings and discusses methods for preventing, detecting, and arresting decay. Research needs for reducing losses to fungal and insect attack are also addressed.
Determination of amantadine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography using electron-capture detection following derivatization with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride

A specific, sensitive, and accurate capillary gas chromatographic method for the quantitation of amantadine in human plasma is described. Amantadine and the internal standard, rimantadine were extracted from plasma under alkaline conditions into toluene. Both compounds were derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. The derivatives were separated on a HP-1 capillary column at 180 degrees C and detected using a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The minimum quantifiable limit of the assay is 2.3 ng ml-1 of amantadine base using 1 ml of plasma. The method was used to evaluate the bioequivalence of two different formulations of amantadine hydrochloride.
Global impacts of the Kyoto agreement: results from the MS-MRT model

This paper analyzes the economic impacts on different regions of the world of a global agreement to limit carbon emissions. A multi-sector, multi-region trade model (MS-MRT) is developed that focuses on the international trade aspects of climate change policy. These include the distribution of impacts on economic welfare, international trade and investment across regions, the spillover effects of carbon emission limits in Annex 1 countries on non-Annex 1 countries, carbon leakage, changes in terms of trade and industry output, and the effects of international emissions trading. Our central estimates are presented with a set of sensitivity tests to assess the extent to which our conclusions depend on elasticity and baseline assumptions. A technical appendix presents algebraic details of the model structure and calibration.
Energy of a test charge in time-independent Yang-Mills theories

It is shown that $\ensuremath{\Delta}({q}_{a}{{A}_{a}}^{0})$ is the work done if a test charge ${q}_{a}$ is moved adiabatically from one point to another in Yang-Mills theories where the ${A}_{a}^{u}$ are time independent.
Reducing Variability in Visual Field Assessment for Glaucoma Through Filtering That Combines Structural and Functional Information

Purpose. To reduce variability and improve measurements of true change signal in visual field (VF) assessments through the use of filters that combine functional and structural test results.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled 2,5‐Bis(4‐amidinophenyl)furan, 2,5‐Bis[4‐(methoxyamidino)phenyl]furan, and 2,7‐diamidinocarbazole

The syntheses of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-d8 (1-d8) and 2,5-bis[4-(methoxyamidino)phenyl]furan-d8 (2-d8) from bromobenzene-d5 in six steps, and of 2,7-diamidinocarbazole-d6 (3-d6) from biphenyl-d10 in five steps, are described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Task-Based Activities to Restructure Class Discussions.

ABSTRACT In this article, I present an approach to task-based instruction relying on the familiar instructional technique of the class discussion as the point of departure. After proposing that communication be viewed as the expression, interpretation, and negotiation of meaning rather than as simply questions and answers, classroom practices are developed that reflect all three dimensions of communication. Specifically, I take four discussion questions and transform them into task-based activities. Each of the four task-based activities is analyzed according to the following criteria: a. identify a desired outcome; What information are students supposed to extract from the interaction? b. break down the topic into subtopics; What are the relevant subcomponents of the topic? c. create and sequence concrete tasks for learners to do: lists, charts, tables; What tasks can the learners carry out to explore the subcomponents? d. build in linguistic support: lexical, grammatical; What linguistic support do the learners need?