cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of mucosal lesions of the esophagus

The rapid evolution of fiberoptic endoscopes over the past three decades has greatly enhanced our understanding of esophageal diseases and has stimulated significant improvements in their management. With the early endoscopic diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory lesions, specific medical or surgical treatment can be initiated promptly and the results monitored easily. Although the diagnosis of malignant lesions is still commonly delayed because of the absence of early symptoms, surveillance of Barrett's esophagus offers the hope of more definitive management in these patients. Endoscopy has assumed an increasingly important therapeutic role in patients with inoperable cancer because it provides access for new ablative techniques or the placement of palliative prosthetic devices. Continuing advances in the use of endoscopic ultrasound, the delivery of photodynamic therapy, and the adjunctive application of intraluminal irradiation promise to further broaden the scope of fiberoptic intervention.
The Influence of Vertical Wind Shear on the Evolution of Mountain-Wave Momentum Flux

AbstractThe influence of vertical shear on the evolution of mountain-wave momentum fluxes in time-varying cross-mountain flows is investigated by numerical simulation and analyzed using ray tracing...
Becoming Political: An Expanding Role for Critical Leisure Studies

This article explores the intersection of politics and leisure, pointing to the fact that power has always been present in leisure activities, settings, practices, and institutions. In noting some ...
The Effect of Payer Type on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Total Joint Arthroplasty Is Modulated by Baseline Patient Characteristics.

Abstract Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are gaining an important role in the assessment of quality of care. There are currently limited data on the effect of payer type on PROs in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study compared both disease-specific and general health PROs among patients stratified according to their payer type. Methods Our institutional joint registry was queried for patients who underwent primary, elective, and unilateral hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients were divided according to their insurance type at the time of surgery into 3 groups: Medicaid, Medicare, or commercial. The outcomes assessed were the net changes in PROs as well as absolute scores at 6 months and 1 year. Six of the most commonly used PROs were assessed: Short Form-12 physical and mental components, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, University of Californian Los Angeles activity level rating, and Oxford Hip Score. Analysis of variance and covariance were used. Results We evaluated 756 procedures (273 Medicaid, 270 Medicare, and 213 commercial insurance). Medicaid patients had significantly lower mean baseline scores across all PROs compared to either Medicare or commercial insurance patients. Medicaid patients were also more likely to be smokers, live alone, have lower educational level, African-American, and have nonprimary osteoarthritis as the indication for TJA. At 1-year follow-up, the net mean outcome gains were comparable among the 3 payer types (P > .05), but Medicaid patients continued to score lower while Medicare and commercial insurance patients continued to score higher (P Conclusion When using PROs to assess the value of care, the preoperative to postoperative changes are a better indicator of surgical success than comparing absolute values, especially in Medicaid patients. While TJA imparts similar net improvements to patients of all payer types, Medicaid coverage is a predictor of lower absolute outcome scores at any given time as result of increased baseline health burden (eg, depression, tobacco smoking, and poor overall well-being). Arthroplasty surgeons should be aware of these factors when counseling patients and seek optimization when necessary. The findings should be taken into account by stakeholders when constructing value-based payment models. Further research is needed to better understand the barriers leading to higher prevalence of increased health disparities among Medicaid beneficiaries and how to effectively address them.
Moyamoya disease and syndrome in children: Spectrum of neuroimaging findings including differential diagnosis

Moyamoya disease and syndrome represent an important cause of acute and chronic stroke in children. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the early recognition, differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. This review will discuss the imaging findings and techniques as well as an ideal imaging strategy in the management of children with various etiologies of moyamoya. In addition, the postoperative imaging findings after revascularization will be presented.
Considering agricultural wastes and ecosystem services in Food-Energy-Water-Waste Nexus system design

Abstract The Food-Energy-Water-Waste Nexus (FEWWN) represents the interconnections between food, energy, water, and waste production systems, and it has become a key research area. Enormous quantities of agricultural and organic wastes are produced throughout the FEWWN. Often, these wastes are not treated appropriately because their true costs are rarely quantified, and usually externalized to the environment. This shortcoming is addressed from a systems perspective fused with approaches from ecological economics. A regional bioenergy production model where bioenergy may be produced from ethanol and/or agricultural wastes is constructed. Ecosystem service valuation methods are integrated into the framework, allowing for bioenergy production systems to be designed to minimize ecological damage and/or maximize ecological restoration. These values are captured within a Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) objective that values both energy produced and ecosystem service values lost/gained. System profit is another objective in the multi-objective model. The framework is applied to a bioenergy production system for the U.S. state of New York, which aims to produce 10% more bioenergy compared to its current levels. Net changes in Green GDP ranged from -$16.5 M/y to $90.6 M/y, and corresponding profits ranged from $7.2 M/y to -$74.5 M/y. Corn grain ethanol was the dominant source of bioenergy in solutions with higher profits, while ethanol from corn stover and bioelectricity generated from animal manure biogas contributed more bioenergy in solutions with increasing Green GDP. Results show that there is a trade-off between promoting natural capital/ecological health and financial profit. FEWWN system design should consider these trade-offs moving forward.
Smallpox Vaccination: STS Model for Global Immunization Campaigns

More than 400,000 people in 18th century Europe died of smallpox each year. Today, smallpox has become a distant memory due to successful global vaccination campaigns. The smallpox vaccine led to the eradication of an entire virus from humanity, a feat thought to be impossible. Although the vaccine itself was efficacious, it alone would not have been able to combat the disease. Global vaccination campaigns incorporated a multi-dimensional strategy to ensure that this successful vaccine was administered to individuals all across the globe, including areas with limited access to resources. This paper highlights the microbiological, material, textual, legal, and bioethical dimensions of the immunization campaigns. By describing each dimension in isolation as well as in conjunction with one another, this paper describes how future eradication efforts can utilize interdisciplinary, STS (science, technology, society) approaches to combatting vaccine-preventable infectious diseases.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge/Use of Morphological Awareness Instruction: Results of a Survey

Purpose This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the role that morphological awareness instruction plays in school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) clinical practice. Is...
Trans-Caval Impella 5.0: A Bridge to Recovery in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Introduction The incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCMP) varies worldwide, the etiology is thought to be related to both environmental and genetic factors. The mortality rates are reported up to 16.7% and transplant rates up to 11%. The Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support demonstrated improved myocardial recovery in PPCMP patients compared to non-PPCMP patients (6% vs. 1%) who required durable mechanical circulatory support devices (MCS). Our case demonstrates the use of trans-caval Impella 5.0 as a bridge to recovery in a PPCMP patient with cardiogenic shock post delivery. Clinical Presentation 37-year-old woman with a history of PPCMP presented with progressive shortness of breath during the third trimester of pregnancy. She was found to have a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to 30-35% at 30 weeks gestation. Right heart catheterization showed RA 12 mmHg, PA 75/38 (50) mmHg, PCWP 30 mmHg, and CI 1.99 L/min/m2. She was transferred to Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for invasive hemodynamic monitoring and tailored therapy. Nitroprusside was started with up titration of oral afterload reduction medications and continued intravenous diuresis. Due to preeclampsia, labor induction was initiated during week 34 of gestation. Secondary to multiple decelerations on fetal monitoring, an emergent primary C-section with bilateral tubal ligation was performed. Immediately after delivery, patient suffered hemodynamic collapse requiring emergent placement of a right femoral 2.5L Impella; noting small ilio-femoral arteries on angiography. There was no significant hemodynamic improvement (low cardiac index, elevated PA pressure, and progressive hypotension); patient was emergently upgraded to an Impella 5.0 via trans-caval approach under transesophageal echocardiogram guidance. Patient experienced cardiac arrest during procedure, with immediate ROSC. The Impella 5.0 placement was successful without complications and with improvement in hemodynamics (Improved CI from 1.3 to 1.6 L/min/m2, MAP from 55 to 88 mmHg, cardiac power output from 0.29 to 0.42 W), pH from 7.02 to 7.30. The 2.5L Impella removal was complicated by a right iliac artery rupture requiring a covered stent placement. CICU course was complicated by retroperitoneal hematoma, and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Impella 5.0 was removed four days later; a 12/10 mm amplatz ductal occluder was used to close the trans-caval arteriotomy site. Hemodialysis was discontinued 12 days post-delivery and her LVEF improved to 40-45%. She was discharged to rehab and had significant improvement in her functional capacity on her 6-week follow up. Conclusion Close monitoring and prompt action to escalate hemodynamic support, with temporary MCS to achieve better outcomes in cardiogenic shock is imperative. Trans-caval Impella 5.0 is a feasible alternative to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and provides a high level of hemodynamic support which could bridge to myocardial recovery in PPCMP patients suffering from cardiogenic shock.
Mechanism of DNA Lesion Homing and Recognition by the Uvr Nucleotide Excision Repair System

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an essential DNA repair system distinguished from other such systems by its extraordinary versatility. NER removes a wide variety of structurally dissimilar lesions having only their bulkiness in common. NER can also repair several less bulky nucleobase lesions, such as 8-oxoguanine. Thus, how a single DNA repair system distinguishes such a diverse array of structurally divergent lesions from undamaged DNA has been one of the great unsolved mysteries in the field of genome maintenance. Here we employ a synthetic crystallography approach to obtain crystal structures of the pivotal NER enzyme UvrB in complex with duplex DNA, trapped at the stage of lesion-recognition. These structures coupled with biochemical studies suggest that UvrB integrates the ATPase-dependent helicase/translocase and lesion-recognition activities. Our work also conclusively establishes the identity of the lesion-containing strand and provides a compelling insight to how UvrB recognizes a diverse array of DNA lesions.
Use of High-Resolution Pressure Nephelometry To Measure Gas Vesicle Collapse as a Means of Determining Growth and Turgor Changes in Planktonic Cyanobacteria

Previous work has demonstrated that the physical properties of intracellular bacterial gas vesicles (GVs) can be analyzed in vivo using pressure nephelometry. In analyzing the buoyant state of GV-containing cyanobacteria, hydrostatic pressure within a sample cell is increased in a stepwise manner, where the concomitant collapse of GVs due to pressure and the resultant decrease in suspended cells are detected by changes in nephelometric scattering. As the relative pressure at which GVs collapse is a function of turgor pressure and cellular osmotic gradients, pressure nephelometry is a powerful tool for assaying changes in metabolism that affect turgor, such as photosynthetic and osmoregulatory processes. We have developed an updated and automated pressure nephelometer that utilizes visible-infrared (Vis-IR) spectra to accurately quantify GV critical collapse pressure, critical collapse pressure distribution, and cell turgor pressure. Here, using the updated pressure nephelometer and axenic cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806, we demonstrate that GV critical collapse pressure is stable during mid-exponential growth phase, introduce pressure-sensitive turbidity as a robust metric for the abundance of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, and demonstrate that pressure-sensitive turbidity is a more accurate proxy for abundance and growth than photopigment fluorescence. As cyanobacterium-dominated harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) formation is dependent on the constituent cells possessing gas vesicles, characterization of environmental cyanobacteria populations via pressure nephelometry is identified as an underutilized monitoring method. Applications of this instrument focus on physiological and ecological studies of cyanobacteria, for example, cyanoHAB dynamics and the drivers associated with cyanotoxin production in aquatic ecosystems.IMPORTANCE The increased prevalence of bloom-forming cyanobacteria and associated risk of exposure to cyanobacterial toxins through drinking water utilities and recreational waterways are growing public health concerns. Cost-effective, early-detection methodologies specific to cyanobacteria are crucial for mitigating these risks, with a gas vesicle-specific signal offering a number of benefits over photopigment fluorescence, including improved detection limits and discrimination against non-gas-vacuolate phototrophs. Here, we present a multiplexed instrument capable of quantifying the relative abundance of cyanobacteria based on the signal generated from the presence of intracellular gas vesicles specific to bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Additionally, as cell turgor can be measured in vivo via pressure nephelometry, the measurement furnishes information about the internal osmotic pressure of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, which relates to the metabolic state of the cell. Together these advances may improve routine waterway monitoring and the mitigation of human health threats due to cyanobacterial blooms.
An Adaptive-Threshold Mechanism for Odor Sensation and Animal Navigation

Summary Identifying the environmental information and computations that drive sensory detection is key for understanding animal behavior. Using experimental and theoretical analysis of AWCON, a well-described olfactory neuron in C. elegans, here we derive a general and broadly useful model that matches stimulus history to odor sensation and behavioral responses. We show that AWCON sensory activity is regulated by an absolute signal threshold that continuously adapts to odor history, allowing animals to compare present and past odor concentrations. The model predicts sensory activity and probabilistic behavior during animal navigation in different odor gradients and across a broad stimulus regime. Genetic studies demonstrate that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 determines the timescale of threshold adaptation, defining a molecular basis for a critical model feature. The adaptive threshold model efficiently filters stimulus noise, allowing reliable sensation in fluctuating environments, and represents a feedforward sensory mechanism with implications for other sensory systems.
Cover crop effects on soil carbon dioxide emissions in a semiarid cropping system

Management practices that increase soil organic C (SOC) while reducing CO(2) emissions have potential to improve soil and environmental quality. This study evaluated the effect of cover crop on soil CO(2) fluxes from 2017 to 2018 in a semiarid environment in New Mexico. Cover crop treatments included fallow, pea, oat, canola, pea + oat (PO), pea + canola (PC), pea + oat + canola (POC), and POC + hairy vetch + forage radish + barley (SSM). Cover crops increased CO(2) fluxes compared to fallow. Pea increased CO(2) flux from 46 to 70% compared to fallow, canola, and PO, respectively, in 2017, but cover crop did not affect CO(2) flux in 2018. Although the flux was higher than fallow, PO reduced CO(2) emissions compared to other cover crops during wet years.
Degradation of forward current density with increasing blocking voltage in diamond Schottky-pn diodes

Abstract Schottky-pn diodes (SPNDs) have been proposed as a novel solution allowing high current density in the lightly-doped drift regions of diamond and other semiconductors where shallow doping is difficult. Here we show, using simulations, that while SPNDs may have applications in low voltage diamond devices, development of high voltage devices is precluded by space-charge limited conduction physics inherent to the SPND structure at high current densities. For designed blocking voltages above 1000 V, simulations indicate that SPNDs are dramatically outperformed by properly designed conventional Schottky diodes.
II.3 – Screws

Publisher Summary Fasteners may be classified as threaded, fixed, and locking. Threaded fasteners include bolts, studs, and various forms of screws. Fixed fasteners include welds, solders, brazing, adhesives, and rivets. Locking fasteners may be used separately or in conjunction with other fasteners and include washers, keys, splines, springs, and pins. Threaded fasteners such as screws, nuts, and bolts are important components of mechanical structures and machines. Screws may be used as removable fasteners or as devices for moving loads. A screw thread is a uniform wedge-shaped section in the form of a helix on the external or internal surface of a cylinder (straight thread) or a cone (taper thread). The lead denoted by l is the distance the nut moves parallel to the screw axis when the nut is given one turn. A screw with two or more threads cut beside each other is called a multiple-threaded screw. The lead is equal to twice the pitch for a double-threaded screw and up to three times the pitch for a triple-threaded screw.
A historical perspective on the conditions for the rise of far-right parties in Scandinavia

Subject and purpose of work: This article analyzes the factors depicted in the literature as essential for the emergence of far-right parties and assesses the importance of unemployment, immigration and political establishments in the failures of the far-right wing parties in Sweden and Finland in early 2000s. Materials and methods: Multi-methods approach is used in this study including case studies and a novel technique based on Boolean algebra. Results: The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that the correlation between unemployment rates and the electoral strength of far-right parties is weak and does not support simplistic thesis such as high unemployment leads to extremism. Moreover, despite objectively favorable conditions in terms of high immigration rates, the presence of non-European immigrants in a country does not in itself explain the emergence of far-right parties. Conclusions: The study points to the importance of political factors such as the differences between the mainstream parties and tackling the immigration issue by the Liberal Party in Sweden and the wide ideological span of the coalition government and the role of Finland’s special relationship with the USSR that militated against the emergence of far-right parties in these countries.
Assessment and Treatment of Noise Hypersensitivity in a Teenager with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study

Noise hypersensitivity is a poorly understood symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). For some, problem behaviors co-occur with the aversive noise. Limited literature exists on treating noise hypersensitivity; however, noise hypersensitivity may be related to a specific phobia. This case study utilizes modified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address anxiety, avoidance, and problem behaviors evoked by noise in a teen with ASD and mild Intellectual Disability (ID). Using multi-method assessment and individualized treatment, problem behaviors reduced, and independent coping strategies use occurred. Successful desensitization supports the efficacy of modified CBT as a treatment for noise-related anxiety and problem behaviors in individuals with ASD and ID. Outcomes are discussed considering intervention difficulties for noise hypersensitivity in a complex and diverse population.
Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Adult Patients: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Objective Giant cell tumors (GCTs) constitute 5% of all primary bone tumors with spinal GCTs (SGCTs) accounting for 2%–15% of all GCTs. The standard of care for SGCT has been maximal surgical resection. However, many adjuvant therapies have been used owing to the difficulty in achieving gross total resection combined with the high local recurrence rate. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the incidence, management, and outcomes of SGCT. Methods Patients with diagnosis codes specific for SGCT were queried from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. The outcomes were investigated using Cox univariate and multivariate regression analyses, and survival curves were generated for comparative visualization. Results The search criteria identified 92 patients in the NCDB dataset from 2004 to 2016 with a diagnosis of SGCT. Of the 92 patients, 64.1% had undergone surgical intervention, 24.8% had received radiotherapy, and 15.2% had received immunotherapy. Univariate analysis revealed that age ≥55 years and tumor location in the sacrum/coccyx were associated with worsened overall survival (OS) and that surgical resection was associated with improved OS. On multivariate analysis, age 55–64 years was associated with worsened OS, and radical surgical resection was associated with improved OS. The survival analysis revealed improved OS with surgery but not with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Conclusion SGCT is a rare primary bone tumor of the vertebral column. The standard of care has been surgical resection with the goal of gross total resection; however, adjuvant therapies have often been used. Our study found that surgical resection significantly improved OS and that immunotherapy neared significance in improving OS.
College students' comfort with and intention to use self-collection services for STI testing.

OBJECTIVE: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at unprecedented levels; yet most college students have never been tested. Offering asymptomatic individuals the option to collect their own samples for STI testing is an effective strategy to increase testing coverage. This study explores students' perceptions of self-collection services. Participants: Four hundred and thirty-four (434) students from a large public university completed an online survey in February 2018. Methods: The cross-sectional survey assessed students' human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/STI testing behaviors, comfort with self-collection procedures, and intention to use self-collection services if offered on campus. Results: Most students (88%) said they would use self-collection test kits they could take home, followed by self-collection in a private room at student health services (59%). Students were most comfortable with testing procedures involving less human interaction and collecting specimens themselves. Cost, accuracy, confidentiality of tests, and provision of clear "how to" instructions, topped students' concerns. Conclusion: Offering self-collection options may increase STI testing among asymptomatic college students.
Iso­butyl­tri­phenyl­phospho­nium bromide

At 102 K, the iso­butyl group of the title compound, C22H24P+·Br−, is in the extended conformation. However, the iso­propyl moiety is in the eclipsed conformation with respect to the H atoms on the C atom attached to the P atom. The benzene rings are in the propeller configuration usually found in this family of tri­phenyl­phospho­nium compounds.
Can Interactive Media Attenuate Psychological Reactance to Health Messages? A Study of the Role Played by User Commenting and Audience Metrics in Persuasion

Health advocacy messages can generate psychological reactance and lead to message rejection. Could we offset this negative outcome by providing more agency and interactivity to message receivers? A...
Managing Urothelial Recurrences after Chemoradiation Therapy

The management of urothelial recurrences following trimodal therapy (TMT) for bladder cancer is dependent on the nature and location of the recurrence – non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive, versus upper tract or urethral. Non-muscle-invasive recurrences can be managed similarly to how any recurrent non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma is managed. It requires transurethral resection of the bladder tumor to provide accurate staging and completely resect the recurrence. Intravesical therapy has been described in these patients following TMT. In available studies, almost 20% of patients progressed to muscle-invasive disease. Muscle-invasive recurrences should be managed with radical cystectomy if patient desires a curative management plan. Despite historic concerns regarding operating in an irradiated pelvis, salvage radical cystectomy can safely be performed in post-TMT patients and survival outcomes appear similar to those for radical cystectomy as primary management of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. There are limited data regarding upper tract recurrences following TMT, but they can generally be managed similarly to those occurring in non-irradiated bladder. Similarly, data on urethral recurrence following TMT are sparse and clinicians can follow current guidelines for its management. The only role for additional radiation in the post-TMT patient is a palliative one, for intractable hematuria or pelvic pain.
Reconstructing a Sense of Safety among Resettled Refugee Survivors of Torture: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study

The experience of torture can have a lasting impact on survivors’ physical, psychological and social well-being and threaten their sense of safety. Methods: This study utilized a constructivist gro...
The Impact of Functional Dependence and Related Surgical Complications on Postoperative Mortality

Functional dependency is a known determinant of surgical risk. To enhance our understanding of the relationship between dependency and adverse surgical outcomes, we studied how postoperative mortality following a surgical complication was impacted by preoperative functional dependency. We explored a historical cohort of 6,483,387 surgical patients within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). All patients ≥ 18 years old within the ACS-NSQIP from 2007 to 2017 were included. There were 6,222,611 (96.5%) functionally independent, 176,308 (2.7%) partially dependent, and 47,428 (0.7%) totally dependent patients. Within 30 days postoperatively, 57,652 (0.9%) independent, 15,075 (8.6%) partially dependent, and 10,168 (21.4%) totally dependent patients died. After adjusting for confounders, increasing functional dependency was associated with increased odds of mortality (Partially Dependent OR: 1.72, 99% CI: 1.66 to 1.77; Totally Dependent OR: 2.26, 99% CI: 2.15 to 2.37). Dependency also significantly impacted mortality following a complication; however, independent patients usually experienced much stronger increases in the odds of mortality. There were six complications not associated with increased odds of mortality. Model diagnostics show our model was able to distinguish between patients who did and did not suffer 30-day postoperative mortality nearly 96.7% of the time. Within our cohort, dependent surgical patients had higher rates of comorbidities, complications, and odds of 30-day mortality. Preoperative functional status significantly impacted the level of postoperative mortality following a complication, but independent patients were most affected.
Management of Discogenic Pain and Spinal Instability Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques

Although a causal relationship between lumbar disc herniation and radiculopathy has been well established by many clinical studies and scientific tests, the role of other pain generators of the lumbar spine in clinical manifestations of pain and disability is still being debated. The purpose of this chapter is to identify these pain generators and offer an alternative treatment modality for their management using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Consensus with reduced communication links via relative neighboring velocity information

In this paper, a consensus protocol is introduced to virtually manipulate the communication topology of a given networked multiagent system - without adding physical edges to the graph. The proposed protocol achieves this objective by utilizing not only neighboring agents' relative position information but also their possibly delayed velocity information. It is shown that the stability of the proposed framework is not dependent on the possible time delay present in the neighboring velocity information. In addition, it is formally proven that utilization of the proposed consensus protocol is equivalent to the addition of virtual communication links in a standard consensus protocol. Therefore, the proposed framework provides a tool to increase the performance of a multiagent system without resorting to adding communication links.
Some sociopsychological factors in attempted suicide among urban black males.

This study tests three hypotheses relating to suicidal behavior among urban black males: that black consciousness and group cohesiveness will be lower and depression will be higher. Inner-city, young adult black males with a suicide attempt in the last 6 months, and matched controls were examined. Hypothesis was one supported; the other two received partial support. The validity of the theory of black self-hatred as the basic cause of suicidal behavior among blacks is questioned. A two-factor theory of suicide, focusing on forces moving the person away from suicide toward positive subgroup ties, is proposed.
Human T cell lymphotrophic virus 1 after transplantation: what is the risk of recipient disease?

Human T cell lymphotrophic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in the Caribbean, parts of South America, West Africa, Asia and Oceania but rare in North America. After a prolonged latency, HTLV-1 is associated with development of acute T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in 2–5% of infected individuals and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) in a smaller percentage. Screening tests do not distinguish between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 (not associated with disease) and most screen positive patients in nonendemic areas have HTLV-2 or a false positive result.
Symposium highlights and synopses of the scientific program: the Sixth Annual Mid-Atlantic Healthcare Informatics Symposium.

As the bar to actively participate in one’s own health is consistently lowered through technology, patients are helping to evolve traditional workflows to make data more accessible at the point of care. This growing trend of patient engagement and personalized medicine was the focus of the 2013 Mid-Atlantic Healthcare Informatics Symposium in Philadelphia, PA on April 26, 2013. The conference, presented annually by the Center for Biomedical Informatics (CBMi) at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, featured plenary sessions, panel discussions, and paper presentations on a range of topics, including patient engagement and personalized medicine; using data and analytics to optimize patient care; nursing informatics; and the future of biomedical informatics.
Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class pare...
Characterization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 overexpression in the human breast cancer cell line SUM-52PE

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 gene has been shown to be amplified in 5-10% of breast cancer patients. A breast cancer cell line developed in our laboratory, SUM-52PE, was shown to have a 12-fold amplification of the FGFR2 gene, and FGFR2 message was found to be overexpressed 40-fold in SUM-52PE cells as compared with normal human mammary epithelial (HME) cells. Both human breast cancer (HBC) cell lines and HME cells expressed two FGFR2 isoforms, whereas SUM-52PE cells overexpressed those two isoforms, as well as several unique FGFR2 polypeptides. SUM-52PE cells expressed exclusively FGFR2-IIIb isoforms, which are high-affinity receptors for fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 and FGF-7. Differences were identified in the expression of the extracellular Ig-like domains, acid box and carboxyl termini, and several variants not previously reported were isolated from these cells.
Outsourcing anatomists: a model for expanding educational outreach and providing supplemental revenue to anatomy departments (721.22)

The need for qualified anatomy instructors is rapidly expanding across the educational spectrum, from high school anatomy and physiology classes, to college pre-professional programs, to newly established health professional schools. In response to this growing demand for anatomical expertise, the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine established the IU Center for Anatomical Sciences Education (IU-CASE) to leverage its ample faculty resources in the pursuit of additional teaching opportunities outside the MD curriculum, thereby expanding the scope of the department’s teaching mission to include students who may not otherwise have the chance to learn anatomy. Utilizing anatomy faculty from across the medical school’s nine-campus system, IU-CASE provides fee-based educational services to other schools and programs in Indiana. Current clients include Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IU School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, IU School of ...
Combating milk fever.

Abstract Parturient paresis is a metabolic disease which is associated with parturition and initiation of lactation. It is characterized by low total serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanism at parturition is associated with: (1) advanced age of cattle—older cattle absorb less dietary calcium and may have less exchangeable bone calcium; (2) too great an intake of calcium, over 100 to 125 g/ day; (3) reduced intake at parturition, greater in older cattle; (4) overconditioned cows which appear to go off-feed easily; and (5) increased hormones, estrogen, and glucocorticoids at parturition which may reduce serum calcium. Attempts to prevent failure of this mechanism include: (1) feeding prepartal diets low in calcium; (2) adjustment of the dietary calcium-to-phosphorus ratio; (3) feeding acidic diets, mineral acids, or ammonium chloride prepartum; (4) short-term administration of 90 to 100g of calcium chloride daily; (5) feeding massive doses of vitamin D prepartum; (6) prepartum administration of 25-hydroxycholecaIciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D 3 . While much is known, the real cause of failure in the calcium homeostatic mechanism remains unanswered.
Handbook of Pediatric Obesity : Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention

Understanding the numerous factors involved with body weight regulation and identifying interventions to prevent or treat the problem is an enormous task in and of itself. Addressing this issue in growing children is further complicated by the diverse challenges specific to children. Because of this, the field of childhood obesity is both extremely
A Graph Based Process Representation for Process Modeling

Software process models provide means to capture and describe a software process, execute the process, and improve the process through study and manipulation of data gathered during enactment of the process. Formal mechanisms are needed to represent the process so that the process can be described accurately and succinctly, and the behavior of the process can be studied theoretically. This paper describes a graph based process description mechanism that the author uses in his process modeling research.
Uplink Resource Management Design in Multi-access Wireless Networks

In this paper, we develop a new uplink resource management scheme in heterogeneous networking environments that support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). A common radio resource management (CRRM) model is utilized to handle uplink traffic in multi-access radio networks. To evaluate the effect and performance of CRRM, a simulation study is conducted on scenarios where different scheduling algorithms are applied with and without vertical handoffs through the aid of CRRM.
Data confidentiality service on top of transmission control protocol/internet protocol

A scheme for providing data confidentiality service on top of transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) is proposed for connection-oriented message transmission. A novel security service architecture consisting of interactive application program, client/server, and security service modules is presented to provide the data confidentiality service. Also, the functional mechanism of the proposed scheme is given. W. Diffie and M. Hellman's (1976) key distribution method is used for session key generation and distribution. >
The Rise of the Uncorporation: Chapter One

The analysis of business associations largely has been limited to corporations. Yet unincorporated firms, including general and limited partnerships and limited liability companies, comprise about a third of the firms in the US, and even larger percentages elsewhere in the world. The Rise of the Uncorporation covers the history, law, and finance of unincorporated firms. These “uncorporations” are now the dominant business form for non-publicly-traded firms. Moreover, through private equity, hedge funds, and publicly traded partnerships, uncorporations have emerged as a significant force in the governance of a wide range of large firms. The Rise of the Uncorporation is the first general theoretical and practical overview of the alternatives to incorporation. The book seeks to bring uncorporations into popular and academic debates that have previously focused only on corporations. This book also covers the ancillary concepts connected with the evolution of these uncorporations, and analyzes likely future trends in business organization.
An electron microscopy study of carbide precipitation in vanadium

The precipitation of carbon from supersaturated solid solution in vanadium has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy techniques on thin foils. High purity vanadium strip was doped to a carbon content of about 0.2 at. pct and rapidly quenched in high vacuum, followed by aging treatments for various times in the temperature range from 300° to 600°C. The strip was then thinned for transmission electron microscopy. The carbon is observed to precipitate initially as very finely dispersed carbides visible through structure factor contrast. With increasing aging the precipitate distribution coarsens, and the carbides appear as very thin coherent platelets on {310} planes, showing a pronounced displacement fringe contrast. The coherent precipitate appears to have a bcc structure closely related to that of the matrix. With further aging these platelets are observed to thicken and partially lose coherency, punching out prismatic dislocation loops and helices having axes in 〈111〉 directions. This semicoherent precipitate is found to be the hexagonal V2C phase described by other researchers, and its orientation relationship with the matrix may be expressed: (110)v‖(00.1)v2c, [•111]v‖[•110] v2C. The dislocation loops are a result of the specific volume difference between the V2C precipitation and the matrix, and have Burgers vector b = a/2〈111〉.
Tillie's punctured legacy: Observations on the restoration of Chaplin's first feature

Tillie's Punctured Romance, the 1914 Keystone feature starring Marie Dressler and Charles Chaplin, has been widely acclaimed as a cinematic touchstone and dismissed as a minor work, largely ignored by Chaplin himself. This article is at once a restoration case study and an analysis of how the restoration process shed light on differing historical responses to the film. The restoration team, perhaps ironically, can be seen as the latest in a long string of ‘secondary authors’ interpreting the work, even as they seek to return it to its original form. The work strategy, described in detail, speaks to Tillie's initial version while at the same time dating itself to the present epoch – suggesting both a contemporary interest in historical veracity and the potential limits of that pursuit.
Developmental distribution of GFAP and vimentin in the Brazilian opossum brain.

Cells of glial origin are involved in the morphogenesis of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Characterization of glial-associated proteins during neurogensis and differentiation may aid in understanding the complexity of CNS development. We have utilized immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to characterize the developmental profiles of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VIM) in the brain of the Brazilian opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Typical of marsupials, CNS morphogenesis and neurogenesis in the opossum extend well into the postnatal period. Opossum GFAP and VIM were found as single bands at molecular weights consistent with those reported for other species, thus indicating conservation of the VIM and GFAO proteinns through mammalian evolution. Differential developmental trends were observed for both proteins with relative VIM levels decreasing and GFAP levels increasing with age. Vimentin-like immunoreactivity (VIM-IR) was present at day 1 of postnatal life throughout the brain. The density of VIM-IR was maximal at 10 and 15 days postnatal (especially in radial glial elements) and decreased slightly by 25 days postnatal. In the adult brain, VIM-IR was markedly reduced compared to that of younger ages. In contrast, GFAP-like immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) in the brain of Monodelphis increased dramatically with age. No GFAP-IR was observed in the 1 and 5 day postnatal brains. By 25 days postnatal, the pattern of GFAP-IR in the brainstem resembled that of the adult. In the forebrain, more GFAP-IR was present than at younger ages. The adult distribution of GFAP-IR was very similar to that reported for other mammalian species. These results indicate that GFAP and VIM are reciprocally related during periods of morphogenesis and differentiation of the opossum brain. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An optimization problem in virtual endoscopy

This paper studies a graph optimization problem occurring in virtual endoscopy, which concerns finding the central path of a colon model created from helical computed tomography (CT) image data. The central path is an essential aid for navigating through complex anatomy such as colon. Recently, Ge et al. (1998) devised an efficient method for finding the central path of a colon. The method first generates colon data from a helical CT data volume by image segmentation. It then generates a 3D skeleton of the colon. In the ideal situation, namely, if the skeleton does not contain branches, the skeleton will be the desired central path. However, almost always the skeleton contains extra branches caused by holes in the colon model, which are artifacts produced during image segmentation. To remove false branches, Ge et al. (1998) formulated a graph optimization problem for obtaining the central path. This paper presents a refined formulation and justifies that the solution of the refined optimization problem represents the accurate central path of a colon. We then provide a fast algorithm for solving the problem.
Dynamic type mating

We address an assembly problem, motivated by flat panel display manufacturing, where the quality or performance of the final product depends upon characteristics of the components to be assembled, which are not constant from component to component. We analyze the tradeoff between the increase in the potential value of products gained by putting off the "mating" of components exhibiting various characteristic "types," and the inventory costs caused by this delay in mating. We formulate this dynamic type mating problem as a Markov Decision Process and characterize the structure of the optimal policy for special cases. We then present a heuristic policy for a more general case and compare its performance against the optimal policy. Computational results indicate that the heuristic is effective for a wide variety of cases.
Spatial scanning time-domain electromagnetic sensor: high spatial and time resolution signatures from metal targets and low-metal content land mines

This paper describes a spatial scanning time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor and presents results from recent field experiments with buried metal and low-metal content (LMC) anti-personnel (AP) and anti-tank (AT) plastic-cased land mines. The EMI sensor is an modified version of the Electromagnetic Target Discriminator (ETD) sensor developed for the US Army CECOM/NVSED by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The spatial scanning ETD sensor has demonstrated the ability to measure metal target decay times starting approximately 6 ms after the transmitter current is turned off and with metal target decay time constants as short as 1 ms. The sensor antenna sweeps 80 cm over a target area and makes time-decay measurements at 14.5 mm intervals. In addition to metal target signatures, the paper describes coincident void and metal signatures from LMC land mines. The detection of coincident void and metal signatures is shown to be an important classification technique for LMC land mines.
Yeast Transfer RNA: A Small-Angle X-Ray Study

The intensity of x-ray scattering and the radius of gyration were measured for a mixture of yeast transfer RNA9s in tenth molar potassium chloride. The experimentally observed radius of gyration eliminates single-stranded, hairpin, singly folded hairpin, triple-stranded, and linked double-hairpin models of tRNA but allows certain folded cloverleaf models. The measured intensities at larger angles, beyond the radius of gyration region, lend some support to the Holley9s cloverleaf model, in which three arms are folded up tightly together and the fourth arm is extended in the opposite direction.