cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An aerosol concentrator/diffusion battery tandem to concentrate and separate ambient accumulation mode particles for evaluating their toxicological properties

Abstract We designed and evaluated the performance of a tandem technique, consisting of a previously developed versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) combined with a compact screen-type diffusion battery that removes ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) from the airflow to enable us to conduct exposures directly on concentrated ambient accumulation mode (0.18–2.5 μm) particles. The performance of the diffusion battery was evaluated first under controlled conditions using NaCl laboratory-generated aerosols. Based on the laboratory tests, the optimum operational conditions of the diffusion battery were selected in terms of the flow rate (i.e., 5 lpm) and number of stages (i.e., 6). The diffusion battery was then deployed to our sampling site in central Los Angeles and connected to the VACES in order to evaluate the performance of the VACES/diffusion battery tandem using concentrated ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). Results of the field tests confirmed the ability of this tandem technique to concentrate effectively the accumulation mode PM with the majority of the ultrafine particles removed from the concentrated aerosol. The 50% cutpoint of the diffusion battery was at around 100 nm, while the removal efficiency exceeded 70–90% for particles smaller than 50 nm. Comparison of the mass concentrations and chemical composition of the accumulation mode PM collected using the tandem technique with those collected using a MOUDI sampler operating in parallel showed excellent overall agreement (within 5–15% variation), corroborating the effectiveness of the VACES/diffusion battery tandem technique for application in exposure studies to concentrated ambient accumulation mode PM.
An adaptive integration scheme for heat conduction in additive manufacturing

Abstract Solidification dynamics are important for determining final microstructure in additively manufactured parts. Recently, researchers have adopted semi-analytical approaches for predicting heat conduction effects at length and time scales not accessible to complex multi-physics numerical models. The present work focuses on improving a semi-analytical heat conduction model for additive manufacturing by designing an adaptive integration technique. The proposed scheme considers material properties, process conditions, and the inherent physical behavior of the transient heat conduction around both stationary and moving heat sources. Both the adaptive integration scheme and a technique for calculating only the points within the melt pools are described in detail. The full algorithm is then implemented and compared against a simple Riemann sum integration scheme for a variety of cases that highlight process and material variations relevant to additive manufacturing. The new scheme is shown to have significant improvements in computational efficiency, solution accuracy, and usability.
Examining Error Likelihood When Using Enhanced Vision Systems for Approach and Landing

A flight simulator experiment simulating enhanced vision system approaches was conducted in which the dependent variable in question was the probability of large performance measure deviations, rather than the mean deviation of those measures. Prior work had established no mean deviation in performance measures, but the question of whether the enhanced vision system affected the probability of large errors was not answered. The results of the simulator study suggest that enhanced vision system approaches may not affect the probability of long error durations, but may reduce the probability of large error extents. While this appears to be a positive finding for enhanced vision approaches, it may suggest pilots are applying higher gain than strictly necessary in correcting for errors, which would raise concerns of unnecessarily increased workload. Such a concern is consistent with other work on enhanced vision system approaches.
Ministering to Other People's Fears: Effects of Anti-Muslim Hostility on American Muslim Participation in Public Life

This article explores the manifestations and effects of anti-Muslim hostility in the United States, asking how anti-Muslim hostility affects the nature of American Muslim participation in public life. It argues that cultural trauma among American Muslim communities, resulting from an expectation of routine harm, conditions the nature of participation in public life undertaken by many American Muslims. Drawing on original datasets documenting anti-Muslim hostility and outreach efforts undertaken by American Muslim communities, we can see that ministering to non-Muslim fears has become a central element of participation in public life. This burden of “humanization” pushes us to consider central elements of American “freedom mythologies” around public life and to ask what responsibility non-Muslims have in advocacy work on behalf of American Muslim communities.
Transitive closure in a polluted environment

We introduce and study a new percolation model, inspired by recent works on jigsaw percolation, graph bootstrap percolation, and percolation in polluted environments. Start with an oriented graph $G_0$ of initially occupied edges on $n$ vertices, and iteratively occupy additional edges by transitivity, with the constraint that only open edges in a certain random set can ever be occupied. All other edges are closed, creating a set of obstacles for the spread of occupied edges. When $G_0$ is an unoriented linear graph, and leftward and rightward edges are open independently with possibly different probabilities, we identify three regimes in which the set of eventually occupied edges is either all open edges, the majority of open edges in one direction, or only a very small proportion of all open edges. In the more general setting where $G_0$ is a connected unoriented graph of bounded degree, we show that the transition between sparse and full occupation of open edges occurs when the density of open edges is $(\log n)^{-1/2+o(1)}$. We conclude with several conjectures and open problems.
An international, multi-site, longitudinal case study of the design of a sensor-based system for monitoring impacts of clean energy technologies

The Design for Development sector, particularly in the area of clean cookstoves and fuels, has called for better monitoring tools to evaluate and promote impacts of new products. This paper presents the development and testing of the FUEL sensor designed to meet this need. A multi-site, longitudinal case study that used a mixed-methods approach was employed in Guatemala, Honduras, and Uganda to evaluate technical feasibility, system usability, and market value. We found that triangulation of ethnographic and sensor-based data improved our certainty of results, which indicated acceptable technical performance, high usability, and potential market fit. Theoretical discussions include the prevalence of pro-innovation bias and ethical considerations. Broadly, this study encourages the design community to incorporate sensor-based data and rapid ethnographic methods in Design for Development.
Measurement of Social Processes at the Neighborhood Level in Baltimore City

Small-area ecological research is critical to inform place-based interventions at the neighborhood level; however, objective measurement of the social context has been limited. The current study extends the application of the Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology (NIfETy) through the development and evaluation of measures of social context for a longer period of observation (3 years) and at a larger area of aggregation (census tract clusters) compared to previous studies using measures at the block-face level from a single observation. Observations from the 172-item inventory were collected from a random sample of block faces (n = 793) in Baltimore City annually over a three-year period. Through a multistep process including replication of previous measures, data reduction, and factor analysis, six unique neighborhood-level indices were generated to describe the environmental context: drug and alcohol use, violence, physical disorder, epicenter, youth activity, and improvements. An assessment of measurement consistency and validity provided support for some indices, while others had notable limitations. These indices can assist local policymakers and public health practitioners assessing the needs of individual neighborhoods and evaluating the effectiveness of place-based interventions designed to improve the neighborhood environment and population health outcomes.
Social Determinants of Health Associated with Mental Health Among U.S. Mothers with Children Aged 0–5 Years

Background: Maternal mental illness is a significant public health problem during the perinatal period and beyond. Little is known about how social determinants of health (SDOH) affect maternal mental health. Materials and Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health with 19,127 mothers of a nationally representative sample of U.S. children aged 0-5. We estimated the prevalence of poor reported mental health (reported as "fair"/"poor") among mothers with children aged 0-5 by SDOH. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with poor maternal mental health. Results: Approximately 4.5% of mothers with children aged 0-5 reported having poor mental health in 2016-2017. Postadjustment and mothers' poor mental health were significantly associated with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 18-20 years: 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-5.67; 21-24 years AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.22-3.73, and 30-34 years AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13-3.43), U.S.-born status (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.48-3.63), poor physical health (AOR: 8.69, 95% CI: 5.81-13.02), having a child with a special health care need (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.64), experiencing food insecurity (afford enough food, yet, unhealthy [AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.59-4.70] and sometimes/often not afford enough food [AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.76-5.84]), and low social capital (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.04-3.73). Conclusion: Mothers with children aged 0-5 who had poor physical health and experienced food insecurity were at the greatest risk for poor mental health. Integrated perinatal and behavioral health models, screening, and referrals may help identify and treat mothers experiencing these issues.
GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY OF SOLIDS ASSISTED BY GAS DRAG: SLOWING BY TURBULENT MASS DIFFUSIVITY

The Goldreich & Ward (axisymmetric) gravitational instability of a razor thin particle layer occurs when the Toomre parameter Q T ≡ c pΩ0/πGΣp 1, sufficiently long waves were always unstable. Youdin carried out a detailed analysis and showed that the instability allows chondrule-sized (~1 mm) particles to undergo radial clumping with reasonable growth times even in the presence of a moderate amount of turbulent stirring. The analysis of Youdin includes the role of turbulence in setting the thickness of the dust layer and in creating a turbulent particle pressure in the momentum equation. However, he ignores the effect of turbulent mass diffusivity on the disturbance wave. Here, we show that including this effect reduces the growth rate significantly, by an amount that depends on the level of turbulence, and reduces the maximum intensity of turbulence the instability can withstand by 1-3 orders of magnitude. The instability is viable only when turbulence is extremely weak and the solid to gas surface density of the particle layer is considerably enhanced over minimum-mass-nebula values. A simple mechanistic explanation of the instability shows how the azimuthal component of drag promotes instability while the radial component hinders it. A gravito-diffusive overstability is also possible but never realized in the nebula models.
Assessment of the Association of Leadership Behaviors of Supervising Physicians With Personal-Organizational Values Alignment Among Staff Physicians.

Importance Although misalignment of values between physicians and their organization is associated with increased risk of burnout, actionable organizational factors that contribute to perceived values alignment are poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the association between the leadership behaviors of immediate supervisors and physicians’ perception of personal-organizational values alignment. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study of faculty physicians and physician leaders at Stanford University School of Medicine was conducted from April 1 to May 13, 2019. The survey included assessments of perceived personal-organizational values alignment, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Physicians also evaluated the leadership behaviors of their immediate supervisor (eg, division chief) using a standardized assessment. Data analysis was performed from May to December 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Association between mean leadership behavior score (range, 0-10) of each supervisor and the mean personal-organizational values alignment scores (range, 0-12) for the physicians in their work unit. Results Of 1924 physicians eligible to participate, 1285 (67%) returned surveys. Among these, 651 (51%) were women and 729 (57%) were aged 40 years or older. Among the 117 physician leaders evaluated, 66 (56%) had their leadership behavior independently evaluated by at least 5 physicians and were included in analyses. The mean (SD) personal-organizational values alignment score on the 0 to 12 scale was 6.19 (3.21). As the proportion of work effort devoted to clinical care increased, values alignment scores decreased. Personal-organizational values alignment scores demonstrated an inverse correlation with burnout (r = −0.39;P Conclusions and Relevance This survey study’s results suggest that physicians experience their organization through the prism of their work unit leader. Organizational efforts to improve values alignment should attend to the development of first-line physician leaders.
Suicidality in Homeless Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Abstract Suicide has been found to be the leading cause of death in the homeless youth population. Mortality rates due to suicide in this cohort can be 12–40 times more elevated than those observed in the general population. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to investigate potential factors associated with suicidality among homeless children and adolescents. After a thorough investigation of peer-reviewed articles from main databases in this literature (ProQuest and EBSCO), a final number of 94 articles were studied to produce the contents of this systematic review. Factors associated with suicidality were divided into two main categories, namely risk factors and protective factors. The results of this review revealed significant risk factors including gender, sexual orientation, history of abuse, mental health diagnoses, negative coping styles, duration of homelessness, and survival sex. Conversely, this review identified protective factors associated with suicidality among homeless children and adolescents, such as the role of resilience, positive coping strategies, and supportive school environment. Given the impact of suicide rates in this already at-risk population, understanding these factors becomes paramount knowledge related to long-term outcomes for the homeless youth population.
Quantitative evaluation method of power supply reliability considering voltage sag

Based on the analysis of the original quantitative evaluation system of power supply reliability, aiming at the influence of voltage sag on industrial users, a hierarchical quantitative evaluation system of power supply reliability considering voltage sag is proposed. The new index system aims to evaluate the reliability of the impact of voltage sag from the perspective of the structure, function and safety of industrial users. The specific evaluation methods are mainly composed of direct loss evaluation, indirect loss evaluation and potential safety hazard evaluation. Direct loss refers to the economic loss caused by the interruption of industrial process after the occurrence of voltage sag. Indirect loss refers to the economic loss caused by defective products due to the imperfect industrial production process. The potential safety hazard refers to the potential safety hazard of the production line where the important equipment is located after suffering voltage sag. This paper focuses on the rationality of quantitative evaluation with the principle of economic equivalence, the significance and internal relations of industrial user structure, function and safety index, and puts forward a reasonable calculation method. Through the case calculation, the layered evaluation results are consistent with the empirical conclusions, with applicability.
Risk factors for progression of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours: low-stage tumours <5 mm appear to be overwhelmingly indolent and may merit a separate designation.

AIMS Appendiceal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are usually incidental and clinically benign. Several studies have reported different risk factors for nodal metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate our appendiceal NETs (App-NETs) to determine the factors associated with malignant behaviour. METHODS AND RESULTS For 120 App-NETs, we reviewed the clinical presentation and follow-up, including serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels, and compiled several microscopic variables. Pathological factors were compared with nodal status and time to biochemical recurrence (elevated serum CgA level) by the use of Cox regression. We also reviewed similar App-NET data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. Among our 120 cases, seven patients had positive lymph nodes, and nine developed subsequent elevation of CgA levels; none developed distant metastases or died of disease. Only three patients had grade 2 NETs; none had nodal disease, and one developed an elevated CgA level. Increasing tumour size was associated with an increased risk of nodal disease [odds ratio (OR) 4.99, P = 0.0055). All seven node-positive cases were ≥13 mm. Factors associated with elevated CgA levels included age (OR 1.04, P = 0.041), pT4 disease (OR 10.22, P = 0.033), and nodal disease (OR 24.0, P = 0.012), but not size (OR 2.13, P = 0.072). Of the 1492 reported App-NETs in the SEER database with data on tumour size, 137 (9%) were pN1; only five of these (4%) were coded as being <5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Small (<5 mm) App-NETs that do not invade the serosa or mesoappendix appear to be overwhelmingly benign and low-grade, requiring neither Ki67 staining nor synoptic reporting. Given their indolent behaviour, different nomenclature or staging may be more appropriate for these NETs.
Nature-based therapeutics: A collaborative research agenda promoting equitable access and environmental stewardship

ABSTRACT Background Given the duration and intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic, with strict emphasis on social distancing, many individuals and families are experiencing social isolation. The need to explore effective strategies for health promotion and wellness is clear. Aim The purpose of this report is to highlight evidence supporting the health benefits of nature-based therapeutics and to describe the exploratory and translational research agenda for a nurse-led program entitled RxPLORETM: Prescribing Life Outdoors and Real Exploration. Methods Integrative review of the current state of evidence for nature-based therapeutics and operationalisation of a nature-based health promotion framework as the foundation of a PhD-DNP collaborative program of research. Discussion Amidst the unfolding crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, the value of nature-based therapeutics is becoming more widely recognised, as are layers of disparities in access to nature. A nurse-led team proposes a program of research outlining priorities for the translation of current evidence into practice and for the investigation of gaps in the evidence base that will inform future recommendations for nature-based health promotion. The initial population of focus is children and families. Conclusion Prescribing nature is a strategy to promote health and wellness throughout the lifespan. For all populations to experience the health-promoting benefits of nature, nurses engage community members and collaborate across sectors to advocate for equitable access to nature and environmental stewardship through conservation practices.
Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement.

Although firearm violence is universally recognized as a paramount public health problem in the United States, for nearly two decades a Congressional budget amendment prevented federal agencies fro...
A Modification to a Murine Model for Intracranial Aneurysm Formation and Rupture.

Between 3.6% and 6.0% of the population has an intracranial aneurysm. The mechanisms underlying intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture are not fully known. Several rodent models have been developed to better understand intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology. Hypertension, hemodynamic changes, and vessel injury are all necessary for aneurysm induction; however, multiple invasive procedures may disrupt an animal’s physiology. Therefore, we hypothesized that our method for inducing hypertension could be modified to create a simpler model. We previously developed a highly reproducible murine model of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture that involves hemodynamic changes through ligation of the left common carotid artery, vessel wall degradation using elastase and a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, and hypertension through a high-salt diet, continuous angiotensin II infusion, and right renal artery ligation. In order to create a simpler model, we sought to eliminate renal artery ligation. We assessed aneurysm formation, aneurysm rupture, and blood pressure in two separate cohorts of C57BL/6 mice: one cohort underwent our model as above, while another cohort did not receive right renal artery ligation. Our results demonstrate that intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture rates did not differ between each group. Further, the blood pressures between cohorts did not differ at various timepoints in the model. Both cohorts, however, did have a significant increase in blood pressure from baseline, suggesting that renal artery ligation is not needed for inducing hypertension. These findings demonstrate that our murine model can be modified to eliminate right renal artery ligation. Thus, we propose this modification to our murine model for studying intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology.
Model Uncertainty and Correctability for Directed Graphical Models.

Probabilistic graphical models are a fundamental tool in probabilistic modeling, machine learning and artificial intelligence. They allow us to integrate in a natural way expert knowledge, physical modeling, heterogeneous and correlated data and quantities of interest. For exactly this reason, multiple sources of model uncertainty are inherent within the modular structure of the graphical model. In this paper we develop information-theoretic, robust uncertainty quantification methods and non-parametric stress tests for directed graphical models to assess the effect and the propagation through the graph of multi-sourced model uncertainties to quantities of interest. These methods allow us to rank the different sources of uncertainty and correct the graphical model by targeting its most impactful components with respect to the quantities of interest. Thus, from a machine learning perspective, we provide a mathematically rigorous approach to correctability that guarantees a systematic selection for improvement of components of a graphical model while controlling potential new errors created in the process in other parts of the model. We demonstrate our methods in two physico-chemical examples, namely quantum scale-informed chemical kinetics and materials screening to improve the efficiency of fuel cells.
Differential Response in Ethanol Behaviors of Female Rats Given Various Weight Loss Surgeries.

AIMS Currently, the only effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities is weight loss surgery (WLS). Growing evidence suggests that different types of WLS, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), have differential effects on alcohol consumption in humans and rats. Thus, we aimed to directly compare the effects of these two surgical procedures, for the first time in female rats, and to determine whether presence or absence of the ghrelin-producing stomach tissue has critical influence on postoperative alcohol intake. METHODS We performed two experiments using an identical behavioral protocol, a continuous-access two-bottle choice protocol for various concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). In Experiment 1, 23 high fat diet (HFD) obese, female rats were randomized to three groups: RYGB, SG or sham-operated food-restricted (Sham) controls. In Experiment 2, HFD obese female rats received either sham (n = 11) or a modified RYGB surgery where the remnant stomach was removed (RYGB-X; n = 12). RESULTS SG rats drank significantly less than RYGB for 4, 6 and 8% and significantly less than Sham for 6, 8 and 8% reinstatement. RYGB-X consumed significantly less EtOH than Sham across all concentrations, reaching significance for 6 and 8% reinstatement. CONCLUSION These findings confirm reduced EtOH consumption by female SG rats as opposed to increased intake following RYGB, and provide the first experimental evidence that the remnant stomach in the RYGB procedure is contributory. Future studies in rats and humans are warranted to confirm that ghrelin plays a critical role in susceptibility to AUD development following WLS.
MEC Standards on Edge Platforms

The present chapter describes the work done in European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI).
Analytic Formulas for the Sample Moments of the Sample Correlation over Permutations of Data

Presented is an inductive formula for computing the sample moments of the distribution of Pearson's sample correlation over permutation of data. These exact formulas for the sample moments suggest the possibility of more precise and computationally efficient methods of evaluating the p-value for a hypothesis test of Pearson's correlation.
Recovery of Vision after Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Children and Adolescents with Elevated Intracranial Pressure.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) on the recovery of visual function in pediatric patients with optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Medical chart review of all pediatric patients who underwent ONSF between 2009 and 2020 at the Children Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Visual function was assessed at pre- and postoperative visits. Main outcome measures were visual acuity (VA), color vision (CV), extra-ocular motility (EOM), visual field mean deviation (VF-MD), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT. RESULTS Fourteen pediatric patients (10 females, mean (SD) age of 14 (2.6) years, range 8.5-17.5) were included. Five patients underwent bilateral surgeries. Ten patients were diagnosed with idiopathic intra-cranial hypertension (IIH). Of the 10 IIH patients, 3 had a previous history of weight gain and 2 of systemic steroid treatment; these can be referred to as pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). Mean (SD) follow-up length was 16.4 (12.3) months. VA improved from 20/138 to 20/68 in the operated eye (P=0.0003) and from 20/78 to 20/32 in the non-operated eye (P=0.02). CV improved in the operated eye (P=0.04), EOM improved in the operated and non-operated eye (P=0.002 and P=0.04 respectively). VF-MD improved in the operated (-23.4dB to -11.5dB, P<0.0001) and non-operated eye (-19.8dB to -6.8dB, P=0.02). RNFL thickness improved in the operated eye (349.1 to 66.2 um, P<0.0001). The postoperative improvement was observed as early as the postoperative day 1. CONCLUSIONS ONSF produces a rapid and persistent vision improvement in both the operated eye and the non-operated eye. In children and young adults with papilledema and elevated ICP causing vision loss that is severe at presentation or refractory to standard medical management, ONSF should be considered.
Differences in perceived benefits of internships for subgroups of students with disabilities

The authors of this article share the results of a study that compares specific benefits of internships completed by students with disabilities, as perceived by males and females, high school and college students, Caucasian and non-Caucasian students, and students with invisible disabilities and those with visible disabilities. Students in the study completed six- to twelve-week internships in fields that included computing, biology, engineering, research, administration, and health science. In a post-internship survey, participants reported gains in their motivation to work toward a career, knowledge of career options, job skills, ability to work with supervisors and co-workers, and knowledge of accommodation strategies. Analysis of participant responses revealed differences in perceived gains between respondents. The authors share lessons learned that may help career development, cooperative education, counseling, advising, and human resource professionals more effectively support high school and college students with disabilities who engage in internships.
A Psychoanalytic View of the Psychopath

The “house of psychopath” is constructed on a foundation of no attachment, underarousal, and minimal anxiety. These appear to be necessary, related, but insufficient characteristics that provide certain biological predispositions for the development of the psychopathic character. In psychopathy, incorporative failures predict subsequent problems with two kinds of internalizations: identifications and introjections. Central to psychopathy is a variation of the grandiose self‐structure which has three condensed components: a real self, an ideal self, and an ideal object. The only vestiges of conscience in the psychopathic character were best described by Jacobson as sadistic superego precursors, which she defined as projected aspects of early persecutory objects, attributed to others to deny aggression in the midst of frustration. Psychopathic individuals do not struggle with tensions of ego‐dystonic aggression, because the impulse to aggress is either immediately acted out, or remains a source of aggressive fueling of the grandiose self‐structure without conflict or ambivalence.
Abstract 409: Regulation of chromatin remodeling in leukemia by Ikzf1 and Casein Kinase II

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Ikzf1 (Ikaros) encodes a zinc finger protein that binds DNA and regulates gene expression via chromatin remodeling. The loss of Ikaros activity due to genetic or functional inactivation results in leukemia with a poor prognosis. The goal of our project is to determine the mechanism by which Ikaros regulates chromatin remodeling in human leukemia. Previous studies showed that Ikaros function in leukemia is controlled through its direct phosphorylation by Casein Kinase II (CK2). Treatment of leukemia cells with CK2 inhibitors results in enhanced Ikaros activity, which leads to cessation of cell growth. We have studied the mechanism by which inhibition of CK2 regulates Ikaros-induced epigenetic changes in leukemia. The human Nalm6 pre-B cell leukemia was treated with CK2 inhibitor, and the epigenetic signature of the histone modifications H3K9ac and H3K9me3 were determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next generation sequencing (ChIP-SEQ). H3K9ac histone modification is associated with positive regulation of gene expression, while H3K9me3 is associated with the formation of heterochromatin and repression. The enrichment of particular histone modifications was confirmed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP). The results demonstrated that the inhibition of CK2 activity in leukemia results in a marked alteration in the epigenetic signature of both H3K9ac and H3K9me3 compared to untreated cells. This is associated with altered Ikaros binding to its target genes following CK2 inhibition. Current bioinformatics analysis is directed toward establishing a link between epigenetic modifications and Ikaros binding in leukemia. These results suggest that CK2 and Ikaros regulate gene transcription via epigenetic modifications and chromatin remodeling in leukemia. Citation Format: Jonathon L. Payne, Carlos M. Casiano, Kimberly J. Payne, Justin Sloane, Elanora Dovat, Chunhua Song, Sinisa Dovat. Regulation of chromatin remodeling in leukemia by Ikzf1 and Casein Kinase II. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 409. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-409
Exploiting parallelism in media processing using VLIW processor

This paper presents the results of analyzing multimedia applications that have been implemented on a trimedia VLIW processor, TM1300. The TM1300 processor offers several media-specific features, such as multimedia instructions, that experience has shown to be very important for obtaining maximum performance from the VLlW machine. Other researchers have studied the effects of instructions on superscalar machines, but we know of no other work that measures the utilization of real VLIW instruction sets on significant applications. We will study static and dynamic instruction counts, interactions between instructions, and other effects. Our experiments show that a TM1300 processor provides a 5/spl times/ speedup over a single-issue RISC processor in equivalent technology on average and more than 10/spl times/ speedup in best case.
Host Defense Mechanisms in the Gastrointestinal Tract

In this review of host defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract, I have attempted to update the current conception of basic host defenses. Nonimmunologic defenses such as indigenous intestinal flora, peristalsis, secretions, gastric barrier, and antibacterial substances (lysozymes, bile salts, and natural antibodies) were discussed with respect to their contribution in preventing the penetration of microorganisms, enterotoxins, and other antigens across the mucosal surface. The local immunologic system, including SIgA, cell-mediated immunity and other immunoglobulins were discussed. It was emphasized that the immune response at epithelial surfaces was independent from the systemic immune response and related to the antigenic stimulus at the epithelium. Several conditions, including prematurity, malnutrition, and primary immunodeficiencies, were reviewed in order to illustrate that altered host defenses may predispose to pathologic uptake of antigens from the gut and the development of clinical disease. Finally, it was suggested that an approach to the management of these conditions requires the passive replacement of defense substances by an oral route in order to maintain protection within the gastrointestinal lumen. The use of human colostrum/milk as a substitute was suggested.
Abstract 13365: Fasting Glucose Positively Predicts Word Memory Performance in Older Men

Background: Higher glucose, in the prediabetic range, is viewed as health-adverse. However, glucose is a pivotal substrate for energy production. Mitochondrial function (so, cell energy) declines exponentially with age. Some evidence suggests glucose rise may be in part adaptive, preserving cell energy and function. Glucose is particularly important to brain function: Though ~2% of body weight, the brain uses ~50% of the glucose. Goal: To assess the cross-sectional relation of serum glucose to word memory performance in older adults. Method: 726 adults (432 male) age >50 were the over-50 screenees for a broadly sampling statin trial. Participants had no diagnosed diabetes, CVD or cancer, fasting glucose ≤142mg/dL, and LDL 115-190mg/dL. Word memory was assessed by “Recurrent words” test (RecWd): In a series of presented words, subjects designated if the word on a card was new or presented previously, scoring #correct responses. Regression assessed prediction of RecWd by fasting serum glucose, in a range of adjustment models (Table). Covariates assessed included age, sex, diet-variables linked in this sample to RecWd, exercise, mood, and metabolic factors (Table legend). Result: Mean RecWd was 86±7.5 (85±7.6 in men). Higher fasting glucose predicted better RecWd performance in this over-50 sample, driven by findings in men. In men, each 7.7mg/dL higher glucose was linked to an expected one more word correctly designated (fully adjusted model). No other predictor approached similar significance. Discussion: Prior evidence linked glucose rise in older age to protection against fatigue. These findings add to evidence suggesting glucose rise as age advances may serve adaptive functions - here, linked to better memory performance. Conclusion: Higher fasting glucose, in the assessed range (
Appearance-Potential Study of Resonant Transitions in Lanthanides

Soft x-ray appearance potential spectroscopy (SXAPS) is a high resolution core level technique for probing the local density of conduction band states of the solid surfaces. It exploits the abrupt changes in the total x-ray emission associated with the threshold for the excitation of core levels. The sharp increases in the total x-ray fluorescence are enhanced by potential modulation technique. SXAPS has been utilized to investigate the distribution of 4f states of the lanthanides. The spectra reflect the transitions of N4, 5 core electrons to unoccupied 4f states. These states split into a multiplet as a result of exchange interaction between the 4f electrons and 4d vacancy. Multiplicity of these configurations depends upon the number of 4f electrons. A systematic study of spectral features of the lanthanides does not reveal any regular or orderly changes unlike the spectra of 3d transition metals. These results confirm that the spectra of lanthanides are amenable to interpretation in terms of the atomic-like resonances involving exchange interaction rather than in terms of the continuous interband transitions. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the above theoretical considerations.
Generalized Joseph's decompositions

Abstract We generalize the decomposition of U q ( g ) introduced by A. Joseph in [5] and link it, for g semisimple, to the celebrated computation of central elements due to V. Drinfeld [2] . In that case, we construct a natural basis in the center of U q ( g ) whose elements behave as Schur polynomials and thus explicitly identify the center with the ring of symmetric functions.
Estimating Regions of Oceanographic Importance for Seabirds Using A-Spatial Data.

Advances in GPS tracking technologies have allowed for rapid assessment of important oceanographic regions for seabirds. This allows us to understand seabird distributions, and the characteristics which determine the success of populations. In many cases, quality GPS tracking data may not be available; however, long term population monitoring data may exist. In this study, a method to infer important oceanographic regions for seabirds will be presented using breeding sooty shearwaters as a case study. This method combines a popular machine learning algorithm (generalized boosted regression modeling), geographic information systems, long-term ecological data and open access oceanographic datasets. Time series of chick size and harvest index data derived from a long term dataset of Maori ‘muttonbirder’ diaries were obtained and used as response variables in a gridded spatial model. It was found that areas of the sub-Antarctic water region best capture the variation in the chick size data. Oceanographic features including wind speed and charnock (a derived variable representing ocean surface roughness) came out as top predictor variables in these models. Previously collected GPS data demonstrates that these regions are used as “flyways” by sooty shearwaters during the breeding season. It is therefore likely that wind speeds in these flyways affect the ability of sooty shearwaters to provision for their chicks due to changes in flight dynamics. This approach was designed to utilize machine learning methodology but can also be implemented with other statistical algorithms. Furthermore, these methods can be applied to any long term time series of population data to identify important regions for a species of interest.
A hybrid density functional study on the effects of pressure on paracetamol and aspirin polymorphs

Abstract A quantum chemical investigation is reported on the changes induced by the application of a hydrostatic pressure up to 5.0 GPa to the polymorphs of paracetamol and aspirin (form I and II). A detailed discussion on the changes in the hydrogen bonds, and a comparison among the species under investigation, allows describing the anisotropic modifications that the materials undergo in relation not only to geometrical features, but also to spectroscopic considerations. The investigation of the latter aspect allows concluding, for the first time, that aspirin crystals do not undergo any pressure-induced phase transition in the range of pressures considered. Results reported in this work, obtained at B3LYP-D2 ∗ /6-311G(d,p) level, are in good agreement with available experimental results, testifying the validity of the adopted approach.
Superfluid dynamics of the fractional quantum Hall state

The fractional quantum Hall effect is due to a novel state of matter with properties reminiscent of superfluidity. I derive the Euler equation and the quantum constraint that together determine the dynamics of the superfluid. I then use these equations to explain the incompressibility of the liquid, to describe the magnetophonon excitations, and to study the forces acting on vortices whose pinning is responsible for the plateaus in the Hall resistance.
The maintenance of mitochondrial size in the rat adrenal cortex zona fasciculata by ACTH.

Abstract An electron microscopic examination of the rat adrenal cortex reveals changes in the abundance and structure of the mitochondria of the zona fasciculata after hypophysectomy, which are time-dependent and lead to the production of giant (diameter > 1.5μ) mitochondria. These changes were measured in low power fields involving a total thin section area of 850μ2 at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after hypophysectomy. Following hypophysectomy, the number of mitochondria decreases, the volume of lipid droplets increases, the ratio of the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial volume decreases (indicative of increased size), and the percent of small mitochondria increases. The volume of giant mitochondria, comprising 8% of the total mitochondrial volume in control animals, increases to 65% of the total 7 days after hypophysectomy and to 82% 14 days after hypophysectomy. It has been found that administration of ACTH causes the gradual reversal of these effects of hypophysectomy over a period of 9 days. Mitochondrial partitions, clearly associated with the inner membrane, were observed after hypophysectomy and during ACTH-induced recovery. The evidence suggests that ACTH controls the process of growth and division of the mitochondria. The retarded growth of mitochondria in the absence of ACTH is associated with fusion of existing mitochondria to form giant mitochondria.
Principles and practice of orthopaedic sports medicine: William E. Garrett, Jr., Kevin P. Speer, and Donald T. Kirkendall. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, 976 pp., $169.00

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp 679–679
Effects of cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus on adult cabbage loopers and their progeny☆

Abstract Adults emerging from larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni , infected with a cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus, were usually smaller than normal, often deformed, and female moths had reduced fecundity when they were allowed to mate with healthy normal-sized males. However, mating, longevity, and viability of the eggs were not affected, regardless of moth size or sex. A large percentage of unwashed eggs from treated moths were infected, but when these eggs were surface sterilized, little or no infection was recorded.
The streptococcal collagen-like protein-1 (Scl1) is a significant determinant for biofilm formation by group a Streptococcus

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen responsible for a number of diseases characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. During host colonization GAS-cell aggregates or microcolonies are observed in tissues. GAS biofilm, which is an in vitro equivalent of tissue microcolony, has only recently been studied and little is known about the specific surface determinants that aid biofilm formation. In this study, we demonstrate that surface-associated streptococcal collagen-like protein-1 (Scl1) plays an important role in GAS biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by M1-, M3-, M28-, and M41-type GAS strains, representing an intraspecies breadth, were analyzed spectrophotometrically following crystal violet staining, and characterized using confocal and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The M41-type strain formed the most robust biofilm under static conditions, followed by M28- and M1-type strains, while the M3-type strains analyzed here did not form biofilm under the same experimental conditions. Differences in architecture and cell-surface morphology were observed in biofilms formed by the M1- and M41-wild-type strains, accompanied by varying amounts of deposited extracellular matrix and differences in cell-to-cell junctions within each biofilm. Importantly, all Scl1-negative mutants examined showed significantly decreased ability to form biofilm in vitro. Furthermore, the Scl1 protein expressed on the surface of a heterologous host, Lactococcus lactis, was sufficient to induce biofilm formation by this organism. Overall, this work (i) identifies variations in biofilm formation capacity among pathogenically different GAS strains, (ii) identifies GAS surface properties that may aid in biofilm stability and, (iii) establishes that the Scl1 surface protein is an important determinant of GAS biofilm, which is sufficient to enable biofilm formation in the heterologous host Lactococcus. In summary, the GAS surface adhesin Scl1 may have an important role in biofilm-associated pathogenicity.
Sound Produced When a Vortex Pair is Swallowed by a Jet

An analysis is made of the sound generated during the high-Reynolds-number convection of a vortex pair in a jet of water exhausting from a large vessel through a slit aperture. The equations of motion are linearized about the classical free-streamline solution describing steady flow through the aperture. It is assumed that the vortex pair is swept through the aperture into the jet by the steady mean flow, with no account taken of the nonlinear influence on the motion of ‘images’ in the boundaries. Additional vorticity is shed from the edges of the aperture in order that the flow should remain smooth and continuous (the Kutta condition). This vorticity is convected away within a sheet of ‘bound’ vorticity on the mean free streamlines of the jet. A strong peak in the bound vorticity is established when the vortex pair enters the aperture. Both the incident and the shed vorticity generate sound, but their respective contributions to the acoustic pressure are of opposite phase. The dominant radiation in the water above the aperture is produced as the vortex enters the jet, and has the form of a pressure pulse of width ~h/M and monopole strength \(\sim \rho_o v^2/\sqrt{M}\), where h is the width of the aperture, ρo the density of the water, v a typical flow velocity, and M is the jet Mach number.