cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Gamer Response and Decision Framework

Aim. This article presents the Gamer Response and Decision Framework as a tool for understanding how people interpret, make decisions, and learn during their video gaming experiences. Background. The Gamer Response and Decision Framework combines Rosenblatt's Reader Response Theory with a variety of other concepts and frameworks related to new literacies, multimodality, learning theory, psychology, and video gaming. This Framework illustrates that every individual has unique experiences, knowledge, skills, agency, self-efficacy, and goals, and these components influence how people interpret and make decisions during video gameplay, which affects how the game unfolds as a unique experience for each gamer. Together these ideas illustrate that no two gamers have the same experience when playing a video game. Understanding video gameplay experiences is important as it represents a dynamic process in which gamers interpret a wide variety of multimodal symbols, experiment and learn in these digital environments, and solve complex problems in order to progress in the game. Conclusion. The Gamer Response and Decision Framework can be used to understand, investigate, and analyze video gameplay experiences and has significant implications for our understanding the thought, decision-making, and learning processes that gamers experience. In the future, researchers in a variety of fields including education, game studies, and game design can use this framework to analyze how people interact with video games.
Under pressure: quenching star formation in low-mass satellite galaxies via stripping

Recent studies of galaxies in the local Universe, including those in the Local Group, find that the efficiency of environmental (or satellite) quenching increases dramatically at satellite stellar masses below ∼10^8 M⊙. This suggest a physical scale where quenching transitions from a slow ‘starvation’ mode to a rapid ‘stripping’ mode at low masses. We investigate the plausibility of this scenario using observed H I surface density profiles for a sample of 66 nearby galaxies as inputs to analytic calculations of ram-pressure and turbulent viscous stripping. Across a broad range of host properties, we find that stripping becomes increasingly effective at M* ≲ 10^(8 – 9) M⊙, reproducing the critical mass scale observed. However, for canonical values of the circumgalactic medium density (n_(halo) < 10^(-3.5) cm^(-3)), we find that stripping is not fully effective; infalling satellites are, on average, stripped of only ≲ 40–60 per cent of their cold gas reservoir, which is insufficient to match observations. By including a host halo gas distribution that is clumpy and therefore contains regions of higher density, we are able to reproduce the observed H I gas fractions (and thus the high quenched fraction and short quenching time-scale) of Local Group satellites, suggesting that a host halo with clumpy gas may be crucial for quenching low-mass systems in Local Group-like (and more massive) host haloes.
BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS

We will therefore turn to the less ambitious question of what men themselves show by their behaviour to be the purpose and intention of their lives.
Exposure therapy with adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse

Publisher Summary Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a traumatic experience that affects millions of individuals. CSA is typically defined as an instance in which a child is either forced or coerced to watch or engage in sexual acts (kissing, fondling, masturbation, oral, anal, and vaginal penetration). Long-term effects of CSA on psychological health have been reported in several studies over the last two decades. These studies have demonstrated that CSA is associated with both short- and long-term negative outcomes including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexual revictimization, borderline personality disorder, somatization disorder, dissociative disorders, self-mutilation, suicidal ideation and parasuicidal behavior, eating disorders, and substance use disorders. In treatment, adult CSA survivors present comorbid symptoms that make treatment planning more complex and may require the concurrent or sequential use of more than one treatment modality. Firmly grounded in cognitive–behavioral theory, exposure therapy has displayed great promise as a treatment for those suffering from the squeal to traumatic experiences, including CSA.
Impact of 2012 USPSTF Screening PSA Guideline Statement: Changes in Primary Care Provider Practice Patterns and Attitudes

Abstract Introduction Prostate specific antigen use in prostate cancer screening has undergone significant changes since the 2012 release of the USPSTF (United States Preventive Services Task Force) guideline statement. The effect on specific primary care provider practice patterns and attitudes is not well characterized. We describe the impact of the USPSTF statement on prostate cancer screening practices, attitudes and knowledge among primary care providers. Methods A survey composed of 25 questions was mailed electronically to approximately 350 primary care providers within a single academic health care system. Responses were recorded and could not be traced to the respondent. Results A total of 73 primary care providers (21%) responded to the survey. Of the respondents 75% reported a change in prostate specific antigen screening practices resulting from the USPSTF recommendations and 35% reported a decrease in digital rectal examination use, although the latter test is not explicitly addressed in the guideline statement. A third of respondents believe that prostate specific antigen screening has “likely had no role” in the 2-decade decline in prostate cancer mortality and 70% agree that prostate specific antigen screening may “impart more harm than good” to the patient. Despite these opinions, there was markedly greater concern for medicolegal consequences of a missed diagnosis compared to over diagnosis. Conclusions The results of the survey, while limited to a single large academic center, show the impact of the USPSTF 2012 statement on physician attitudes and practice patterns. The results define the need for more educational opportunities for primary care providers regarding the USPSTF statement, American Urological Association guidelines and identification of patients appropriate for prostate specific antigen screening.
BETAINE INDUCED RELEASE OF TISSUE FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR AND NITRIC OXIDE: IMPLICATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Betaine (trimethyglycine), isolated from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is a widely distributed natural compound and acts as a substrate in the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase process converting...
Physical health decision making and decision aid preferences of individuals with severe mental illness

ABSTRACTIndividuals with severe mental illness (SMI) often suffer from comorbid physical health conditions that reduce quality of life and longevity. The integrated care movement has improved access to primary care services, but system change does not necessarily impact health behaviors. In an effort to better understand health behaviors of persons with SMI in integrated care, we explored physical health decision making and decision aid preferences. We conducted three focus groups, including two consumer groups and one mental health staff group. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, employing independent coding, thematic analysis, and meaning-making processes. Data suggest that overall, the consumer groups preferred a shared decision making process, with the doctor making the final treatment decision. Staff indicated that decision making depended on a consumer’s functioning level. Consumers liked the idea of using a decision aid, and reported preferring the computerized aid. Staff felt that...
Association Between Living in Food Deserts and Cardiovascular Risk

Background—Food deserts (FD), neighborhoods defined as low-income areas with low access to healthy food, are a public health concern. We evaluated the impact of living in FD on cardiovascular risk ...
Elements of Functional Analysis

We have already encountered examples of normed linear spaces, namely the \(L^{p}\) spaces. Here we introduce the notion of abstract normed linear spaces and begin the investigation of the structure of such spaces.
Disambiguation of sub-sampled photonic links by acousto-optic delay modulation

This paper demonstrates a non-uniform optical sampler based on the combination of a pulsed laser and an acousto-optic delay modulator. By using this to non-uniformly sub-sample a photonic link, signal frequencies well above the Nyquist frequency can be down-converted and unambiguously determined.
Tracking Student Mistreatment Data to Improve the Emergency Medicine Clerkship Learning Environment.

Author(s): House, Joseph B.; Griffith, Max C.; Kappy, Michelle D.; Holman, Elizabeth; Santen, Sally A. | Abstract: Introduction: Medical student mistreatment is a prevalent and significant challenge for medical schools across the country, associated with negative emotional and professional consequences for students. The Association of American Medical Colleges and Liaison Committee on Medical Education have increasingly emphasized the issue of mistreatment in recent years, and medical schools are tasked with creating a positive learning climate. Methods: The authors describe the efforts of an emergency department (ED) to improve its clerkship learning environment, using a multifaceted approach for collecting mistreatment data and relaying them to educators and clerkship leadership. Data are gathered through end-of-rotation evaluations, teaching evaluations, and an online reporting system available to medical students. Mistreatment data are then relayed to the ED during semi-annual meetings between clerkship leadership and medical school assistant deans, and through annual mistreatment reports provided to department chairs. Results: Over a two-year period, students submitted a total of 56 narrative comments related to mistreatment or unprofessional behavior during their emergency medicine (EM) clerkship. Of these comments, 12 were submitted in 2015-16 and 44 were submitted in 2016-17. The most frequently observed themes were students feeling ignored or marginalized by faculty (14 comments); students being prevented from speaking or working with patients and/or attending faculty (11 comments); and students being treated in an unprofessional manner by staff (other than faculty, 8 comments).Conclusion: This article details an ED’s efforts to improve its EM clerkship learning environment by tracking mistreatment data and intentionally communicating the results to educators and clerkship leadership. Continued mistreatment data collection and faculty development will be necessary for these efforts to have a measurable effect on the learning environment.
Men and Women in the Family

It is assumed by many workers in adult development and related fields that emotional relationships in the family have greater significance to women than to men (e.g., Rubin, 1983). In particular, it is argued that the greater biological and social role involvement of women in parenthood leads to greater psychological investment in the raising and nurturing of children (Rossi, 1984). This investment is presumed to originate during pregnancy and remain high for the duration of the woman’s life. A very different picture of men as fathers is emerging, though, as part of the outpouring of research on sex roles that began in the late 1970s. These studies portray men as being keenly affected by their interactions with their children (e.g., Cath, Gurwitt, & Ross, 1982). In part, the studies on fathering may be reflecting changes in society as a whole associated with the feminist movement. Men are being given greater encouragement and freedom to develop as parents through vehicles such as paternity leaves and the awarding of joint custody in divorce cases.
Can we predict thromboembolic events in low-risk patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? The hanging CHAD.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. It is associated with a decreased quality of life, increased hospitalizations, and a 2-fold increased risk of death. Perhaps most importantly, the risk of a thromboembolic (TE) event in patients with AF is increased 5-fold ([1–3][1]).
Negative regulation of signaling by the EGFR family

Signaling through the EGFR or ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases must be precisely regulated to ensure the fidelity of tissue development and homeostasis, yet prevent tumor initiation and progression. The efficiency of receptor signaling in cells is tempered by a series of negative regulatory mechanisms that act directly on receptors to suppress their response to growth factor ligand. The past ten years have witnessed significant progress in the discovery of these pathways and the characterization of the mechanisms by which their loss in tumors might contribute to malignancy. These mechanisms include pathways that lead to receptor degradation, both in the absence and presence of activating ligand. The central components of such pathways are often E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as cbl or Nrdp1. Other mechanisms suppress the ability of receptors to respond to growth factor stimulation. Splice variants of ErbB receptor extracellular domains, proteins that contain leucine-rich repeats in their extracellular domains, and intracellular suppressor proteins such as RALT fall into this category. Here we review ErbB negative regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing what is known about the loss of these pathways in tumors, and highlighting the notion that pathway augmentation or restoration to tumor cells could ultimately be of therapeutic benefit to cancer patients.
Introduction: How Did It Go So Wrong?

Nazi doctors, nurses, scientists, and public health officials voluntarily and enthusiastically conducted inhumane and unethical human subjects research. They were empowered by eugenics, which was an acclaimed worldwide movement long before Hitler co-opted it for his own purposes. German eugenicists emulated American policies such as the world’s first involuntary sterilization laws, defended their anti-miscegenation policies by citing US treatment of its black citizens, and received philanthropic and moral support from American eugenicists. At the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial, which produced the landmark Nuremberg Code, defendants cited unethical American experiments. Germany was the most medically advanced nation at the time, and many nations sent their research trainees to study in Germany. American medical schools emulated Germany’s system of medical education. Nonetheless, much of the world has accepted myths that the German researchers were mad, incompetent, isolated, or sadistic ideologues who could not ethically justify their actions. Since acceptance of these myths has greatly diminished serious consideration of the implications of Nazi experiments on human subjects research after the Holocaust, an effort is made to dispel them. This chapter also provides the historical background for the essays by our distinguished authors and challenges the reader to study and reflect upon how medical ethics failed during the Third Reich.
Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents in industrialized countries. Today, NAFLD is not considered a single disease but an umbrella term used to describe a broad spectrum of liver abnormalities, ranging from simple, hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with different degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. The natural history of NAFLD is not yet completely understood, but available data suggest significant risks for development of progressive liver damage and metabolic complications. In recent years trials of pharmacological agents based on known pathogenetic mechanisms of NAFLD have had limited success, and specific therapies of pediatric NAFLD are lacking. Weight loss remains the cornerstone of treatment, but it is difficult to achieve and maintain. The development of therapies that simultaneously target multiple pathogenetic pathways of NAFLD could represent the winning choice to treat pediatric fatty liver disease.
Crop Losses to Arthropods

Arthropods destroy an estimated 18–26 % of annual crop production worldwide, at a value of more than $ 470 billion. The greater proportion of losses (13–16 %) occurs in the field, before harvest, and losses have been heaviest in developing countries. With the Earth’s human population expected to reach 10 billion by the end of the current century, raising agricultural productivity through the prevention of crop losses to pests has assumed considerable urgency. The techniques employed in crop loss assessment provide a framework useful in identifying the causes and magnitude of crop losses, and a basis for the evaluation of control options. Crop losses to arthropods have been reported to be lower in traditional than in modern, industrial agriculture, and are thought to result from the more environmentally sound and sustainable practices employed in traditional agriculture. Many of the pest problems in modern agriculture have arisen through an over-reliance on synthetic chemicals for pest control. More environmentally sound pest control practices not only are more sustainable, but may provide greater economic benefits as well. The return per dollar invested in ecologically-based biological and cultural pest controls has been estimated to range from $ 30 to $ 300, significantly higher than the $ 4 estimated for control based on synthetic pesticides. Crop losses to pests must be reduced in ways that are compatible with sustainable production, which requires pest control to be approached in a holistic manner with a focus on the entire agroecosystem. Key to averting or minimizing crop losses to pests is a commitment, by government or other entities, to collect the data, on which reliable estimates of losses are based.
Abstract IA13: Dynamic cell populations are responsible for sarcoma propagating potential

Self-renewal can maintain tumor viability and play a role in recurrence and metastasis, yet little is known about the control of self-renewal in sarcomas. We previously found that cells that exclude Hoechst dye (side population or SP cells) are enriched for tumor propagating potential in serial transplantations in a variety of sarcoma types, and thus might be enriched for renewal capacity. Here we used a mouse in which soft tissue sarcomas were driven by Trp53 deletion and Kras overexpression to trace individual clones of cells. Expression of a confetti allele or expression of barcoding in the Rosa26 locus was used to trace clones. Tumors were observed in situ in the mice, and in serial translations. Intravital microscopy in transplantations of tumors from mice expressing the confetti allele was also undertaken. While there were multiple fluorescent colors in the primary tumors, over time a dominant clone was apparent. This usually arises from a small population of cells in the early tumor. This finding was verified with serial intravital microscopy, as well as tracing the clones using barcoding. SP cells were sorted from the tumors and found to be significantly enriched for tumor propagating potential as demonstrated using serial transplantations. Over multiple transplantations, the fluorescent color expressed by cells that sorted to the SP, and were enhanced for tumor propagating potential, changed. This suggests that the tumor propagating population is dynamic, rather than being limited to a specific clone. Barcoding in additional experiments showed the same result. This was further verified by genetically expressing different-colored fluorescent markers in SP and non-SP cells. While at a given time the SP expressed one fluorescent color, over serial transplantations, they expressed different colors. Taken together, this shows that the small subpopulation of cells that are enhanced for tumor propagating potential are not derived from the same clone, but a dynamic population that changes over time. Similar to findings in human sarcoma SP cells, RNA sequencing data showed that the murine SP cells were enhanced for Wnt and Notch signaling, even in different clones over time from the same initial population. Blocking these pathways suppresses the tumor propagating potential. Thus, epigenetic changes that activate Wnt and Notch in dynamic cell populations derived from different clones in the initial tumor are likely responsible for enhancing tumor propagating potential and for cells to achieve an SP cell phenotype. Citation Format: Jackie Tang, Kirsch David, Benjamin Alman. Dynamic cell populations are responsible for sarcoma propagating potential [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Triplet CFTR modulators: future prospects for treatment of cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is a chloride channel responsible for ion flow across epithelial surfaces of lung, sinuses, pancreas, intestine, and liver. Researchers have grouped CFTR genetic mutations into various protein defects: reduced protein synthesis (class 1 mutations), abnormal protein folding and maturation (class 2 mutation), and abnormal gating (class 3 mutation). These mutations usually present as severe forms of CF due to complete absence of CFTR at cell surfaces. Milder forms (eg, protein maturation and conductance defects, classes 4-6) present as less severe forms of CF related to the presence of CFTR at the cell surface. Differences in severity are directly due to CFTR function which is based on the severity of CFTR mutation. This knowledge has proven useful for designing therapy for individual mutations and mutation classes. The discovery and US Food and Drug Administration approval of Kalydeco® (ivacaftor) in early 2011 marked the beginning of a new era of therapies that are focused on improving defective CFTR protein function. However, due to its specificity for the G551D mutation, ivacaftor only benefitŝ5% of CF patients. Approximately 50% of CF patients have two copies of the F508Del mutation, while other CF patients carry only one copy of this gene. More recently, Orkambi®, a two compound medication composed of lumacaftor and ivacaftor, has provided the foundation necessary to further build on molecular concepts of: correction of trafficking, potentiation, and amplification of defective CFTR. These new concepts will form the basis of future CF therapies and extend CFTR treatment to almost 50% of CF patients. Evolving knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for defective CFTR has prompted new research focused on "repair" of each phase of CFTR expression and function, thus creating a new class of combination "CFTR correctors" referred to as "triplet CFTR compounds." This article will review how patients can be selected and treated with these newer agents that are based on specific mutations. In the future, many CF practitioners have expectations that initiation of treatment for CF patients will occur simply by use of biomarkers of CFTR expression (eg, sweat chloride, nasal potential difference, rectal organoids) rather than testing for specific mutations. As continued research identifies biomarkers with greater specificity and which predict clinical response, therapies can potentially be tailored to individual responses.
L’impact et l’éthique du savoir musical

Cet article discute l’impact potentiel du savoir musical dans le vaste monde en dehors de l’universite. En retracant l’impact en cours d’un seul cas d’etude ethnomusicologique, l’article eclaire les questions politiques et ethiques qui resteraient amorphes si elles etaient uniquement approchees a un niveau theorique. L’article invite les universitaires en musique a considerer les facons a travers lesquelles leurs travaux ont le potentiel de transcender le monde du chercheur et d’adresser ainsi les dilemmes qui surgissent a la frontiere entre les valeurs universitaires et les criteres locaux. La reflexion suggere que les questions epineuses de l’evaluation, de l’arrangement et de l’interpretation vont continuer d’etre posees et que les solutions a ces dilemmes ethiques ont besoin d’etre locales et contingentes tout en restant consequentes avec les criteres universitaires.
Comparison of Ranking and Rating Scales in Online Peer Assessment: Simulation Approach

This study examines fidelity of ranking and rating scales in the context of online peer review and assessment. Using the Monte-Carlo simulation technique, we demonstrated that rating scales outperform ranking scales in revealing the relative "true" latent quality of the peer-assessed artifacts via the observed aggregate peer assessment scores. Our analysis focused on a simple, single-round peer assessment process and took into account peer assessment network topology, network size, the number of assessments per artifact, and the correlation statistics used. This methodology allows to separate the effects of structural components of peer assessment from cognitive effects.
Beyond Individual Miranda Cases: Other Professional Roles

This book’s overriding objective is to convey how to conduct Miranda evaluations and consultations. Nonetheless, Miranda-experienced forensic psychologists and psychiatrists carry additional professional responsibilities for the further education and training of practitioners who seek to broaden their forensic competencies, and, this book is also dedicated to that goal. Beyond specialized training, the dissemination of Miranda-relevant knowledge extends to stakeholders in the criminal justice system, directly involving law enforcement, officers of the court, and all organizations dedicated to upholding Constitutional rights. Whether the role in question is that of a forensic practitioner or researcher, we submit that advocacy for fairness and transparency is both a desired aspiration as well as a professional obligation. Such initiatives may be undertaken at local, state, and national levels. Their objectives may range from policy change at the agency level to legislative action at the state or national level. For such objectives to be fully realized, they must consider fair procedural safeguards for arrestees as well as respect for the professional roles of those charged with protecting our society. Finally, the establishment of Miranda research agenda is a forward-looking process of examining priorities for the next generation of Miranda knowledge and problem-solving.
A gentle introduction to GPU programming: conference tutorial

GPU programming provides many benefits in acceleration of computationally intense applications, with the potential of improving performance by an order of magnitude. However, despite these advantages, any of the current programming environments have a significant drawback: they are not easy to learn. The goal of this tutorial is to explain the concepts behind GPU programming as simply as possible, and show how these concepts can be implement in code. A comparison of environments such as CUDA, OpenCL, and OpenACC will be presented, along with suggestions for how to include these topics in the undergraduate curriculum, and pointers to resources for additional information.
Identifying Competing Life Reinforcers for Substance Use in First Nation Adolescents

Background: Indigenous youth are at increased risk of initiating substance use at early ages and suffer greater negative consequences related to substance use as compared to non-Indigenous youth. B...
Xylella fastidiosa and Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Population Dynamics in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California

Xylella fastidiosa is a vector-transmitted bacterial plant pathogen that affects a wide array of perennial crops, including grapevines (Pierce's disease). In the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, epidemics of Pierce's disease of grapevine were associated with the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis. During the growing season, rates of X. fastidiosa spread in vineyards are affected by changes in pathogen distribution within chronically infected grapevines and by vector population dynamics. Grapevines chronically infected with X. fastidiosa rarely tested positive for the pathogen prior to July, suggesting vector acquisition of X. fastidiosa from grapevines increases as the season progresses. This hypothesis was supported by an increase in number of X. fastidiosa-positive glassy-winged sharpshooters collected from vineyards during July through September. Analysis of insecticide records indicated that vineyards in the study area were typically treated with a systemic neonicotinoid in spring of each year. As a result, abundance of glassy-winged sharpshooters was typically low in late spring and early summer, with abundance of glassy-winged sharpshooter adults increasing in late June and early July of each year. Collectively, the results suggest that late summer is a crucial time for X. fastidiosa secondary spread in vineyards in the southern San Joaquin Valley, because glassy-winged sharpshooter abundance, number of glassy-winged sharpshooters testing positive for X. fastidiosa, and grapevines with detectable pathogen populations were all greatest during this period.
14 – Selenium biovailability

Publisher Summary Early interest in selenium resulted from its role as a toxic element. Signs of selenium toxicosis in horses have already been recorded in the travel journals of Marco Polo and by a U.S. Army surgeon at the Fort Randall, Nebraska, Territory in 1857. Selenium is identified as an integral part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which destroys lipid peroxides and functions by protecting cell membranes against peroxidative damage. Selenomethionine is preferentially incorporated into protein, particularly muscle, in lieu of methionine. Selenium deprivation results in several pathological syndromes depending, in part, on the species involved and on vitamin E status. Some studies on aliphatic monoseleno- and diseleno-dicarboxylic acids have revealed that asymmetric monoseleno-dicarboxylic acids with the general structure Ri‑Se‑R2 have bioavailability values less than 30% of sodium selenite. Compounds with odd-numbered carbon chains are also more potent than even-numbered chains for the 2,4-dinitrophenylseleno-carboxylic acids. Liver necrosis in rats and exudative diathesis in chicks have been used to compare sodium selenite to the selenium of alfalfa grown under different agronomic conditions with that of sodium selenite. Prevention of pancreatic fibrosis has been used to measure the efficacy of various selenium sources. It has been found that a major biochemical role of selenium is as a component of GSH‑Px. Tissue concentrations of selenium after dietary repletion have been used for quantitative evaluation of bioavailability. Several forms of slow release ruminal boluses are used in various locations worldwide for selenium supplementation of grazing livestock. Bioavailability estimates for selenium sources vary based on the criterion used in the assessment.
Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombosis in COVID-19 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Early reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical features describe a hypercoagulable state, and recent guidelines recommend prophylactic anticoagulation for patients with COVID-19 with low-molecular-weight heparin, but this would be contraindicated in the presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We address the key clinical question whether HIT is also present during COVID-19. We report 3 cases of thrombocytopenia with antiplatelet factor 4 antibodies among 16 intubated patients with COVID-19 with adult respiratory distress syndrome, a higher-than-expected incidence of 19%. Each patient had evidence of thrombosis (pulmonary embolism, upper extremity venous thromboses, and skin necrosis, respectively). The serotonin release assay confirmed HIT in 1 case, and 2 cases were negative. We believe this is the first reported case of HIT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognition that the thrombocytopenia represented HIT in the confirmed case was delayed. We recommend clinicians monitor platelet counts closely during heparin therapy, with a low threshold to evaluate for HIT.
Algorithms for Constructing Anonymizing Arrays

Attribute-based methods are inherently identity-less as authorization decisions are made in terms of attributes possessed by the subject rather than identity. However, anonymity against the system is not guaranteed when attribute distribution allows for the composition of a policy that few subjects can satisfy. An anonymizing array ensures that any assignment of values to t attributes that appears in the array appears at least r times. When an anonymizing array is used for subjects registered to a system and policies contain conjunctions of at most t attributes, the system cannot identify the subject using the policy to to gain authorization with greater than \(\frac{1}{r}\) probability. Anonymizing arrays are similar to covering arrays with higher coverage and constraints, but have an additional desired property, homogeneity, due to their application domain. In this paper, we develop constructions for anonymizing arrays and propose a post-optimization mechanism to reduce homogeneity.
On the Explicit Connections Between Keynes’s Chapter 15 of the A Treatise on Probability(1921) and Chapter Four of the General Theory(1936):Keynes’s Method in the General Theory is Inexact Measurement and Approximation using Imprecise Probability from the A Treatise on Probability

Keynes, as he had done in all of his major works either directly or indirectly, from the 1913 Indian Currency and Finance through the General Theory in 1936, always used his A Treatise on Probability method and methodology of inexact measurement and approximation when performing a technical analysis. This involves Keynes’s use of interval valued probability to deal with the problem of uncertainty. Uncertainty involves non(sub ) additive probability that introduces the immense complications of non additivity and non linearity into an analysis of decision making. Uncertainty, U, itself is a function only of the Evidential weight of the argument,w,or U=g(w). It occurs if Keynes’s Evidential Weight of the Argument,V(a/h) =w ,where 0≤w≤1,is less than 1.A w<1 automatically creates some degree of uncertainty. In Keynes’s system of logical probability, there is no other way of modelling uncertainty except as an a)interval estimate or a b) decision weight, like his conventional coefficient of risk and weight,c.In the Keynes -Townshend correspondence on 1937-1938 in Vol. 29 of the CWJMK,Keynes emphasizes that Townshend was correct in his conclusion that the entire concept of the liquidity preference theory of the rate of interest rested on his weight of the evidence analysis. Keynes told Townshend ,who was intellectually lost, to reread pages 148 and 240 of the General Theory. Of course, it is on these two pages that Keynes’s makes the connection between uncertainty and weight as an inverse function. Only in chapter 26 of the A treatise on probability, however,is V(a/h), from chapter 6, set equal to w,where 0≤w≤1,in chapter 26. However,after some 84 years,it is now clear to me that this was not enough.Keynes also needed to have told Townshend to read page 160 of the A treatise on probability and pp.39-40 and 43 of chapter 4 of the General Theory, since no economist in the 20th century has been able to connect Keynes’s condition for uncertainty to exist,w<1, with interval valued or imprecise probability.
Perceived Containment as a Mediator in the Association between Callous-unemotional Traits and Behavioral Problems in Detained Youth

Perceived containment, the belief that authorities can effectively set limits on behavior, may explain why behavioral interventions produce moderate effects in youth exhibiting callous-unemotional ...
Small footprint head-related transfer function measurement apparatus for binaural heads utilizing one loudspeaker

Apparatuses for measuring head-related transfer-functions (HRTFs) often require large anechoic spaces with one or more arcs of loudspeakers. A measurement setup to obtain the HRTF of a Bruel & Kjaer HATS 4100-D binaural head was designed and implemented that utilizes one loudspeaker in a 1309 ft3 anechoic space with 18 in. wedges. By rotating the HATS along two axes, the characterization of many look directions can be achieved. The HATS can be rotated about the axis through the center of the ears via a turntable, and the yaw of the HATS can be adjusted via mounting gear on custom framing. HRTF measurements were completed using both maximum-length sequence and sine sweep signals in order to compare the two techniques. Comparisons between the measured 4100-D HRTF and the HRTF of a similar B&K binaural head will be discussed, as well as plans to use the 4100-D HRTF to compare binaural room impulse responses (RIRs) with spatial RIRs obtained with a spherical microphone array. [Work supported by a Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship.]
Empirical Sampling of Connected Graph Partitions for Redistricting

The space of connected graph partitions underlies statistical models used as evidence in court cases and reform efforts that analyze political districting plans. In response to the demands of redistricting applications, researchers have developed sampling methods that traverse this space, building on techniques developed for statistical physics. In this paper, we study connections between redistricting and statistical physics, and in particular with self-avoiding walks. We exploit knowledge of phase transitions and asymptotic behavior in self avoiding walks to analyze two questions of crucial importance for Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of districting plans. First, we examine mixing times of a popular Glauber dynamics based Markov chain and show how the self-avoiding walk phase transitions interact with mixing time. We examine factors new to the redistricting context that complicate the picture, notably the population balance requirements, connectivity requirements, and the irregular graphs used. Second, we analyze the robustness of the qualitative properties of typical districting plans with respect to score functions and a certain lattice-like graph, called the state-dual graph, that is used as a discretization of geographic regions in most districting analysis. This helps us better understand the complex relationship between typical properties of districting plans and the score functions designed by political districting analysts. We conclude with directions for research at the interface of statistical physics, Markov chains, and political districting.
The Use of Money in Society: Friedrich Hayek’s Social Work:

Recent studies of Friedrich Hayek have focused on his theorization of spontaneous order and its relationship to his views on freedom and market individualism. For many scholars, the impersonal natu...
CROI 2021: Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection or COVID-19

The 2021 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) featured a timely review of the neurologic complications of COVID-19 as well as new research findings on mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may affect the brain. CROI included new and important findings about the neurologic complications of HIV-1, human polyomavirus 2 (also known as JC Virus), and cryptococcus. New long-term analyses of cognition in people with HIV-1 identified that cognitive decline over time is associated with multimorbidity, particularly diabetes, chronic lung disease, and vascular disease risk conditions. These conditions are associated with aging, and the question of whether people with HIV are at risk for premature aging was addressed by several reports. New findings from large analyses of resting state networks also provided valuable information on the structural and functional networks that are affected by HIV-1 infection and cognitive impairment. Several reports addressed changes after initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy (ART). Findings that will improve understanding of the biologic mechanisms of brain injury in people with HIV were also presented and included evidence that host (eg, myeloid activation, inflammation, and endothelial activation) and viral (eg, transcriptional activity and compartmentalization) factors adversely affect brain health. Other research focused on adjunctive therapies to treat HIV-1 and its complications in the central nervous system. This summary will review these and other findings in greater detail and identify key gaps and opportunities for researchers and clinicians.
Women’s Participation in Public Administration in Vietnam: A Case Study of Policy and Practice from 1986 to the Present

This paper highlights major trends in Vietnamese women’s representation in public administration (PA) since 1986 and critically explains them within the framework of the gender mainstreaming policy...
Earnings Myopia and Private Equity Takeovers

We examine whether earnings myopia among publicly traded companies motivates private equity firms to acquire them. Using a sample of private equity takeovers, we show that multiple measures of myopia increase the likelihood of takeover by private equity buyers. In contrast, private takeovers motivated for strategic reasons do not have a similar association with myopia measures, nor do takeovers by public firms. We further show that post-takeover, firms exhibit significantly less earnings myopia, including increased investment in R&D. Our results suggest that the cost of earnings myopia can be sufficiently large to warrant a takeover by private equity and contributes to the shrinking number of publicly traded firms.
But I Changed Three Words! Plagiarism in the ESL Classroom.

(1995). But I Changed Three Words! The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 27-29.
Pretreatment lymphangiography and operative evaluation in carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract Ninety-five patients with cervical carcinoma who were not candidates for definitive operation underwent initial lymphatic and 24-hour nodal phase lymphangiography and lymphadenectomy prior to radiation therapy. Operation by a transperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach consisted of bilateral pelvic and periaortic lymphadenectomy, exploratory laparotomy, and intraperitoneal biopsies as indicated by the findings. Radiation therapy was modified to include proved sites of metastases. Intestinal injuries followed transperitoneal operation and radiation therapy but were uncommon in patients in whom exploration was done by the extraperitoneal route. Eighteen patients (19%) had unsuspected metastases to common iliac or periaortic lymph nodes identified at operation. The characteristics of the primary tumor and the interpretation of the lymphangiogram provided an inaccurate basis on which to modify treatment. As further studies confirm the risk of disseminated disease in those patients with metastases to common iliac and periaortic lymph nodes, future treatment plans might incorporate adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy in addition to extended-field irradiation.
Atomic Parity Violation Using the Crossed Beam Interference Technique

We present a new measurement of parity violation in atomic cesium. This is more precise than previous measurements of atomic parity violation and is approaching the precision of the best high-energy tests of the electroweak theory. This is a preliminary result and we expect considerable further improvement.
The Sources of Portfolio Returns: Underlying Stock Returns and the Excess Growth Rate *

This paper decomposes portfolio returns into the underlying sources arising from the constituent stocks’ growth rates, as well as their variances and covariances. We employ this method to show that the difference between large and small stock portfolio returns is driven by a portfolio “excess growth rate” that is induced by the higher volatility of small stocks’ returns and not by the average growth rate of small stocks. Therefore, the “size effect” is not a small firm effect, but a small firm portfolio effect driven by the excess growth rate of the portfolios. In contrast, portfolios of high book-to-market stocks outperform due to higher average levels of growth by the constituent stocks and not due to their variance-covariance structure. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering the sources of portfolio performance as possibly distinct from the performance of the portfolio’s underlying stocks when designing and interpreting studies of portfolio performance, corporate events, or the cross-section of stock returns.
The Social Self

In this chapter, we explore how individual selves affect others and how others affect individual selves. The following topics are discussed: belongingness, social exclusion, and ostracism; the self as an interpersonal actor; self-presentation; interpersonal consequences of self-views; emotions and the interpersonal self; and cultural and historical variations in selfhood.
U.S. Female Veterans Who Do and Do Not Rely on VA Health Care: Needs and Barriers to Mental Health Treatment

Objectives:To determine mental health service utilization and barriers among female veterans, this study examined the prevalence of U.S. female veterans who identified the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as their main source of health care.Methods:This observational study used data from a nationally representative sample of 1,202 veterans who completed a Web-based survey. The analysis compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, mental health service use, and perceived barriers to mental health care among female veterans who do and do not use the VA as their main source of health care and male veterans who mainly use VA health care.Results:By gender, 23.4% of female veterans and 19.6% of male veterans identified the VA as their main source of health care, which was not significantly different. Compared with male VA patients, women were more likely to be single, younger, and from a racial-ethnic minority group and to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD...
β-adrenergic stimulation increases the intra-SR Ca termination threshold for spontaneous Ca waves in cardiac myocytes

β-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocytes enhances intracellular calcium cycling, which frequently associates with pro-arrhythmic Ca waves. The threshold level of free calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ([Ca]SR) where waves initiate is increased during β-adrenergic stimulation.1 Here, we measured [Ca]SR directly to monitor the [Ca]SR level at which spontaneous Ca waves terminated (termination threshold) during β-adrenergic stimulation. Compared with control conditions, application of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 1 μM) resulted in an increase in basal [Ca]SR and an increase in the [Ca]SR at which spontaneous Ca waves terminated. When [Ca]SR was experimentally matched, ISO stimulation resulted in a decrease in the depletion amplitude of the waves. Sensitization of ryanodine receptor SR Ca release channels to Ca with a low dose of caffeine in the presence of ISO was able to decrease the termination threshold compared with control conditions. Therefore, the Ca wave termination l...
The impact of flatal incontinence on quality of life

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of flatal incontinence (FI) on quality of life Study Design This was a retrospective analysis of 678 consecutive new patients who were evaluated over an 8-month period. The Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Inventory–20 and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire short form–7 were evaluated to compare those women with and without FI. The Student t test and logistic regression were used to determine the impact of FI. Results The 160 women with FI were older ( P P P = .005), and had more vaginal deliveries ( P = .002) than those women without FI. Women with FI scored higher for bother on the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Inventory–20 (94.1 ± 46.3 vs 64.1 ± 41.9; P P = .041). Conclusion Flatal incontinence negatively impacts women.