cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Effect Sizes and Clinical Relevance of Pharmacological Interventions for Fibromyalgia

Duloxetine, milnacipran, and pregabalin are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the management of fibromyalgia. A number of meta-analyses, pooled analyses, and systematic reviews have been published in recent years involving the efficacy of these three medications for pain in fibromyalgia. Despite being based on the same clinical data, some analyses found these treatments to have a clinically relevant effect on pain, while others concluded that the advantages were small or of questionable clinical relevance. This commentary discussed possible reasons behind these differing conclusions and explored ways of evaluating the clinical relevance of pharmacological treatments for fibromyalgia. In particular, we considered: (1) the importance of judicious and careful interpretation of average treatment effect size and the recognition that average treatment effect sizes do not always tell the whole story; (2) the utility of individual patient response data to assess clinical relevance; and (3) the importance of considering pain reduction within the context of other benefits due to the presence of associated symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.
Medicaid payer status is associated with in-hospital morbidity and resource utilization following primary total joint arthroplasty.

Background: Previous reports suggest that there are major disparities in outcomes following total joint arthroplasty among patients with different payer statuses. The explanation for these differences is largely unknown and may result from confounding variables. The Affordable Care Act expansion of Medicaid coverage in 2014 makes the examination of these disparities particularly relevant. Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify patients who had undergone primary hip or knee arthroplasty from 2002 through 2011. Complications, costs, and length of hospital stay for patients with Medicaid were compared with those for non-Medicaid patients. Each Medicaid patient was matched to a non-Medicaid patient according to age, sex, race, type of total joint arthroplasty, procedure year, hospital characteristics, smoking status, and all twenty-nine comorbidities defined in the NIS-modified Elixhauser comorbidity measure. Results: It was determined that 191,911 patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty had Medicaid payer status (2.8% of the entire total joint arthroplasty population), and 107,335 (56%) of these Medicaid patients were matched one to one to a non-Medicaid patient for all variables for the adjusted analysis. After matching, Medicaid patients were found to have a higher prevalence of postoperative in-hospital infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 2.1), wound dehiscence (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.4), and hematoma or seroma (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.4) but a lower risk of cardiac complications (OR, 0.7; CI, 0.6 to 0.9). The length of the hospital stay was longer, total cost was higher, and discharge to an inpatient facility was more frequent for patients with Medicaid status (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Compared with non-Medicaid patients, Medicaid patients have a significantly higher risk for certain postoperative in-hospital complications and consume more resources following total joint arthroplasty even when the two groups have been matched for patient-related factors and comorbid conditions commonly associated with low socioeconomic status. Additional work is needed to understand the complex interplay between socioeconomic status and outcomes, to ensure appropriate resources are allocated to maintain access for this patient population, and to develop appropriate risk stratification. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Steroid-responsive ophthalmoplegia in a child. Diagnostic considerations.

• Among the painful ophthalmoplegias, ophthalmoplegic migraine and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome share many features. Our 6-year-old patient had three episodes of ophthalmoplegia. Two episodes were painful and promptly resolved with oral prednisone. She had no evidence of parasellar or systemic disease. A review of published cases of ophthalmoplegic migraine demonstrated that the clinical history, the cornerstone of diagnosis in migraine, does not differentiate ophthalmoplegic migraine from Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Other features helpful in the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were not usually investigated in reports of ophthalmoplegic migraine. Until better criteria are available for differentiating the two entities, we suggest that children who fulfill the clinical criteria for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome receive a trial of steroid therapy.
Correction for NMO stretch and differential attenuation in converted-wave data: A key enabling technology for prestack joint inversion of PP and PS data

In many parts of the world, P- or S-wave impedance (I P or I S or seismic velocities ( V P or V S ) are not good indicators of lithology. In these cases, estimation of density or V P / V S is essential for reservoir characterization. Conventional inversion of PP-mode data is known to yield I P and I S , but a reliable estimate of density requires prestack inversion of very large-angle PP data (Roy et al., 2008). Such large-angle PP data sets necessitate acquisition and true-amplitude processing of unusually large offsets.
Leptin signaling and circuits in puberty and fertility

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone involved in a myriad of physiological process, including the control of energy balance and several neuroendocrine axes. Leptin-deficient mice and humans are obese, diabetic, and display a series of neuroendocrine and autonomic abnormalities. These individuals are infertile due to a lack of appropriate pubertal development and inadequate synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids. Leptin receptors are expressed in many organs and tissues, including those related to the control of reproductive physiology (e.g., the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads). In the last decade, it has become clear that leptin receptors located in the brain are major players in most leptin actions, including reproduction. Moreover, the recent development of molecular techniques for brain mapping and the use of genetically modified mouse models have generated crucial new findings for understanding leptin physiology and the metabolic influences on reproductive health. In the present review, we will highlight the new advances in the field, discuss the apparent contradictions, and underline the relevance of this complex physiological system to human health. We will focus our review on the hypothalamic circuitry and potential signaling pathways relevant to leptin’s effects in reproductive control, which have been identified with the use of cutting-edge technologies of molecular mapping and conditional knockouts.
Analytic calculation of prompt photon plus associated heavy flavor at next-to-leading order in QCD

Contributions through second order, {ital O}({alpha}{sup 2}{sub {ital s}}), in perturbative quantum chromodynamics are calculated analytically for inclusive associated production of a prompt photon and a charm quark at large values of transverse momentum in high energy hadron-hadron collisions. Seven partonic subprocesses contribute at order {alpha}{sup 2}{sub {ital s}}. We find important corrections to the lowest order, {ital O}({alpha}{sub {ital s}}), subprocess {ital cg}{r_arrow}{gamma}{ital c}. We demonstrate to what extent data from {ital p}+{bar {ital p}}{r_arrow}{gamma}+{ital c}+{ital X} may serve to measure the charm quark density in the nucleon. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Design and evaluation of D-α tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate emulsified poly-ϵ-caprolactone nanoparticles for protein/peptide drug delivery.

Background: Incorporation of proteins/peptide drugs into nanoparticulate drug delivery system is one of the effective approaches to increase the stability of protein/peptide drugs against enzymatic degradation, to release them in a controlled fashion and to achieve site-specific drug delivery.Objective: Our goal was to design and evaluate poly-ϵ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 (vitamin E TPGS) was used as an emulsifier in the fabrication of these nanoparticles.Methods: Double emulsion solvent evaporation method was employed to formulate BSA-loaded PCL nanoparticles and the nanoparticles thus prepared were further characterized.Results: The size of BSA-loaded PCL nanoparticles were in the range of 400–500 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.195 and zeta potential was about −28.6 mV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of smooth and spherical surface of nanoparticles. Encapsulation effic...
Development of a Fac¸ade Evaluation Facility for Experimental Study of Building Energy

The goal of the project is to evaluate various types of facades’ behavior and effects on building energy, focused primarily on building fenestrations such as windows. Development of the facade evaluation facility and requirements are presented in this paper. The test facility is a complete standalone unit designed to replicate a section of a building. Accommodation for facilitating a wide range of fenestrations was an important criterion. An effective solution was developed that allowed instant interchangeability of the facade setup. Although, due south orientated facades was of primary interest, integration of a rotating carousel base allowed flexibility in adjusting the orientation of the test facility. Experimental procedures and instrumentation layout are discussed in detail. The temperature of the indoor environment is continuously controlled and monitored. The measured fenestration characteristics include thermal and optical properties of the windows. The test results reveal the fenestration performance. The outcome of these tests enumerates the effects of the facade on the overall heating and cooling loads of buildings. Further investigation into these characteristics assists in improving building energy efficiency. Due to the versatility of the facility, quick replacement of the facade can accommodate several tests in short durations of time. Furthermore, correlation of the results can be scaled appropriately for residential or commercial settings providing practical information for wide utilization, contingent upon the window type.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Sintering Chromium Oxide with the Aid of TiO2

The influence of additives on the sintering behavior of Cr2O3 was studied. The oxygen pressure and temperature at which the sintering rate becomes significant are dramatically altered by adding ∼ 1 wt% TiO2; the sintering temperature decreases, whereas the oxygen pressure for appreciable densification increases. At temperatures as low as 1280°C, densities of 92% of theoretical were obtained. Densification was examined as a function of temperature, oxygen pressure, and TiO2 concentration. Several other transition metal oxides were tested for their ability to enhance sintering; none was successful.
Miniature Autonomous Rocket Recovery System (MARRS)

This paper discusses the development and testing of the new-generation recovery system in highpowered rockets. It starts from the overall description of the rocket system, the requirements of the Miniature Autonomous Rocket Recovery System (MARRS) and is followed by a description of a flight tested MARRS. Next, simulation and results from the flight tests are given. This paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for follow-on testing.
Measurement and analysis of workload effects on fault latency in real-time systems

The authors demonstrate the need to address fault latency in highly reliable real-time control computer systems. It is noted that the effectiveness of all known recovery mechanisms is greatly reduced in the presence of multiple latent faults. The presence of multiple latent faults increases the possibility of multiple errors, which could result in coverage failure. The authors present experimental evidence indicating that the duration of fault latency is dependent on workload. A synthetic work generator is used to vary the workload, and a hardware fault injector is applied to inject transient faults of varying durations. This method makes it possible to derive the distribution of fault latency duration. Experimental results obtained from the fault-tolerant multiprocessor at the NASA Airlab are presented and discussed. >
Microbubble-augmented Ultrasound Declotting of Thrombosed Arteriovenous Dialysis Grafts in Dogs

PURPOSE Transcutaneous low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) can effectively lyse clots in the presence of microbubbles. This study was designed to test the commercially available human albumin microspheres injectable suspension octafluoropropane formulation, Optison, to establish efficacy and assess US parameters of intensity and wave modes in a canine model of a thrombosed arteriovenous (dialysis) graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arteriovenous grafts in five dogs were cannulated, temporarily ligated, and thrombosed. Different declotting techniques were randomized to treat nine groups. Control groups involved direct saline (4.5 mL) clot injection in 0.5–1.0-mL increments. One group underwent peripheral intravenous microbubble injection (13.5 mL). Six groups underwent direct incremental clot injection of 4.5 mL of microspheres with LFUS for 30 minutes in 3–5-minute increments with use of various intensity settings in continuous-wave and pulsed-wave (PW) modes. At each increment, angiography was used to grade flow, declotting, and overall success. RESULTS One hundred four procedures showed success in all 24 high-intensity PW modes (1.2–2.0 W/cm 2 ); only one of 20 control experiments was successful ( P P CONCLUSION LFUS with direct injection of microbubbles is effective in lysing moderate-sized clots and recanalizing thrombosed arteriovenous grafts. It best succeeds at the higher range of intensity settings tested in PW mode. Further development is justified.
Monolithically Integrable High Speed Photodetectors

Monolithically integrable lateral PIN detectors have been developed. The device fabrication procedure has been optimized to be compatible with standard integrated circuit fabrication procedures.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stability of chronic intrafascicular electrode recordings

Intrafascicular electrodes have been implanted in peripheral nerves of cats and have recorded neural activity from a small population of nerve fibers for as long as six months, suggesting that these electrodes can be used on a chronic basis to acquire information about limb position, muscle force and skin contact. Preliminary results suggest that the activity of a small population of nerve fibers can be reliably monitored on a long-term basis using intrafascicular electrodes. They appear to cause little or no permanent damage and so may be suitable for use in an functional neuromuscular stimulation feedback system. >
Ultrastructure of the Hamster Zona Pellucida Treated with Zona Precipitating Antibody

The ultrastructure of the zonae pellucidae of hamster ova after treatment with zona precipitating antibody (ZPA) was investigated. The hamster zona as viewed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy reveals an intricate network of interconnecting fibers. This network of interstitial zona fibers results in the formation of a porous outer zona region adjacent to a more compact but porous inner zina. The canaliculi bounded by these fibers provide viaducts by which processes of follicular cells may pass through the zona and interact with the vitelline surface. ZPA treatment of zonae results in the interaction of the specific immunoglobulins with the fibrous network of the outer region but does not occlude the interstitial pores. The pattern of ZPA-zona interaction greatly accentuates the substructure of the outer zona and resembles a layer or aggregations of fine to medium-course granules and/or electron dense particles which can be observed as a dense precipitate with the light microscope. Treatment of zonae with control media, preimmunization serum or ZPA absorbed with ovary, does not produce a zona precipitate. These zonae when viewed with the electron microscope lack the distinct, dense precipitate observed in ZPA-treated zonae. In view of the pattern of ZPA interaction with the fibrous components of the zona and the lack of pore occlusion, ZPA may in fact block or mask sperm receptors and/or enzyme substrate(s) during sperm penetration or mechanically inhibit zona dissolution during implantation.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12

The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within E. coli are also evident. The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters. The genome as a whole is strikingly organized with respect to the local direction of replication; guanines, oligonucleotides possibly related to replication and recombination, and most genes are so oriented. The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual composition indicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.
Deep level transient spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage measurements of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/

The electronic properties of ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ (CIGS)/Mo/SLG polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with compositions ranging from Cu-rich to In-rich were investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. This compositional change represents the evolution of the film during growth by the three-stage process. Four thin-film CIGS samples with different Cu content were obtained. The Cu/(In+Ga) ratio ranges from 1.24 (Cu-rich) to 0.88 (In-rich), whereas the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio ranges from 0.19 (Cu-rich) to 0.28 (In-rich). The Cu-rich sample exhibits a shallow majority-carrier trap with an activation energy of 0.12 eV and another deeper trap with an activation energy of 0.28 eV, whereas the In-rich sample has a shallow minority-carrier trap with an activation energy of 0.12 eV. The two samples show evidence of a deeper trap at higher temperature. C-V measurements showed that the average carrier concentration (N values) around the junction of the cell changed as the film transitions from Cu-rich to In-rich. DLTS shows that acceptor-like traps are dominant in samples where CIGS grains did not go through the Cu-rich to In(Ga)-rich transition. While donor-like traps are dominant in the In(Ga)-rich samples.
ON NON-LINEARITI ES BETWEEN EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Building up human capital and other complementarities may be important in the link between exports of manufactures and economic growth. On the other hand, managerial strategies that push for export promotion may be important, too. Though both may yield non-linearities in the link between exports and growth, the associated patterns differ. In this paper we take an aseptic, empirical view in the link between these two variables and the possible non-linear links. Since direct testing for non-linearities in panel data may yield non-significant results although they may actually be present, we propose a very simple method that may serve as a first approximation to uncover such non-linearities. We also take into consideration endogeneity and reverse causality problems (Arellano and Bover, 1995), and definitional problems in our variable of interest. In fact, we use a panel of 96 countries for the period 1960-1995 and find evidence consistent with the presence of non-linearities. We apply formal sensitivity analysis and confirm the results.
Targeting protein translation, RNA splicing, and degradation by morpholino-based conjugates in Plasmodium falciparum

Identification and genetic validation of new targets from available genome sequences are critical steps toward the development of new potent and selective antimalarials. However, no methods are currently available for large-scale functional analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Here we present evidence for successful use of morpholino oligomers (MO) to mediate degradation of target mRNAs or to inhibit RNA splicing or translation of several genes of P. falciparum involved in chloroquine transport, apicoplast biogenesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis. Consistent with their role in the parasite life cycle, down-regulation of these essential genes resulted in inhibition of parasite development. We show that a MO conjugate that targets the chloroquine-resistant transporter PfCRT is effective against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasites, causes enlarged digestive vacuoles, and renders chloroquine-resistant strains more sensitive to chloroquine. Similarly, we show that a MO conjugate that targets the PfDXR involved in apicoplast biogenesis inhibits parasite growth and that this defect can be rescued by addition of isopentenyl pyrophosphate. MO-based gene regulation is a viable alternative approach to functional analysis of the P. falciparum genome.
Understanding wifi-based connectivity from moving vehicles

Using measurements from VanLAN, a modest-size testbed that we have deployed, we analyze the fundamental characteristics of WiFi-based connectivity between basestations and vehicles in urban settings. Our results uncover a more complex picture than previous work which was conducted in more benign settings. The interval between a vehicle coming into and going out of range of a basestation is often marred by intermittent periods of very poor connectivity. These "gray periods" are hard to reliably predict because their arrival is not signaled by metrics such as signal strength, loss rate, speed or distance from the basestation. At the same time, they also do not consistently occur at the same spot. Our analysis suggests that gray periods are not caused by the motion of the vehicle per se but by the variability in the urban radio environment combined with the vehicle traversing locations that are poorly covered by the basestation. We also find that knowledge of past connectivity can be used to identify regions where gray periods are more likely to occur as well as regions where the vehicle is likely to experience good connectivit.
Presynaptic UNC-31 (CAPS) Is Required to Activate the Gαs Pathway of the Caenorhabditis elegans Synaptic Signaling Network

C. elegans mutants lacking the dense-core vesicle priming protein UNC-31 (CAPS) share highly similar phenotypes with mutants lacking a neuronal Gαs pathway, including strong paralysis despite exhibiting near normal levels of steady-state acetylcholine release as indicated by drug sensitivity assays. Our genetic analysis shows that UNC-31 and neuronal Gαs are different parts of the same pathway and that the UNC-31/Gαs pathway is functionally distinct from the presynaptic Gαq pathway with which it interacts. UNC-31 acts upstream of Gαs because mutations that activate the Gαs pathway confer similar levels of strongly hyperactive, coordinated locomotion in both unc-31 null and (+) backgrounds. Using cell-specific promoters, we show that both UNC-31 and the Gαs pathway function in cholinergic motor neurons to regulate locomotion rate. Using immunostaining we show that UNC-31 is often concentrated at or near active zones of cholinergic motor neuron synapses. Our data suggest that presynaptic UNC-31 activity, likely acting via dense-core vesicle exocytosis, is required to locally activate the neuronal Gαs pathway near synaptic active zones.
Mechanical response of human red blood cells in health and disease: Some structure-property-function relationships

Aspects of mechanical deformability and biorheology of the human red blood cell are known to play a pivotal role in influencing organ function as well as states of overall health and disease. In this article, consequences of alterations to the membrane and cytoskeletal molecular structure of the human red blood cell are considered in the context of an infectious disease, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and several hereditary hemolytic disorders: spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and sickle cell anemia. In each of these cases, the effects of altered cell shape or molecular structure on cell elasticity, motility, and biorheology are examined. These examples are used to gain broad perspectives on the connections among cell and subcellular structure, properties, and disease at the intersections of engineering, biology, and medicine.
The relationship between statin use and atrial fibrillation

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the relationship between statin therapy and the development of new-onset, recurrent, and postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF).Research design and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through September 2006. Included studies were either randomized, controlled trials or observational studies with adjusted analyses using multivariate regression or covariate matching, compared patients receiving or not receiving a statin, and reported data on the incidence of AF. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measured was a combined endpoint of any AF type. Secondary outcomes included new-onset, recurrent, and postoperative AF.Results: Fourteen trials reporting the results of 15 unique analyses (n = 7402) were included. There was a 20% incidence rate for any AF with varying rates depending on AF type (new-onset [11%], recurrent [56%], recurrent after ...
Noninvasive Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism According to Age and Gender

Some now recommend a lung scan if the plain chest radiograph is normal instead of computed tomographic (CT) angiography to minimize the risks of radiation in younger patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this investigation is to determine practice standards according to age and gender in regard to noninvasive imaging. Data are from the Nationwide Inpatient Patient, 1998 to 2009. In 2006 to 2009, the proportion of females with pulmonary embolism imaged with CT angiography was 275 (90%) of 305 among teenagers and girls, 3990 (87%) of 4570 among women 20 to 40 years, and 25 650 (85%) of 30 160 among women >40 years. Among males the proportion imaged with CT angiography was 175 (92%) of 190 among teenagers and boys, 3000 (89%) of 3370 among men 20 to 40 years, and 21 280 (86%) of 24 800 among men >40 years. In conclusion, contrary to the recommendations of some, CT angiography is usually obtained in young patients.
Real-time medical imaging with multimedia technology

Multimedia technology is gaining wide acceptance in desktop computing and commercial and consumer applications due to its high performance, lower cost, and higher level of integration. Multimedia allows computer-based systems to deliver information to the user in ways other than the traditional methods of text. The new forms of information delivery include high-resolution images, realistic 2D and 3D graphics, high-quality multi-channel audio, and real-time video. By taking advantage of this new information delivery mechanism, with a continuing improvement in cost/performance ratios, many new applications are emerging in various fields. Digital video, video teleconferencing, machine vision, digital consumer electronics, and education and training are a few such examples. During the past ten years, the author has been working on applying multimedia technologies to medical applications. The author developed a highly-integrated desktop multimedia system called MediaStation 5000 and explored various application areas in medicine. The author has also successfully designed, implemented, and commercialized the programmable ultrasound image processor (PUIP) to fit within an ultrasound machine. It provides a platform for rapid testing of new concepts in ultrasound processing and enables software upgrades for future technologies.
Fluctuations of a focused beam wave for atmospheric turbulence probing

This paper demonstrates that a focused beam wave may be effectively used to probe the atmospheric turbulence. Unlike plane and spherical waves, the focused beam has two parameters, i.e., the beam size and the radius of curvature of phase front at the aperture which may be easily varied experimentally. General formulations for the amplitude and phase correlation functions and structure functions of a focused beam wave are given including the effects of wind velocity and time delay. The effects of the beam size and the focal length on the spectral and spatial filter functions and temporal frequency spectrum are examined in detail including the effects of separation, wind velocity, and time delay. Using these functions, procedures are shown to probe the form of the spectral density of the index of refraction, the structure constant, and the wind velocity along the path.
Fluorescent light energy harvesting using a capacitive touch screen

This Letter presents a fluorescent light energy harvesting method using a capacitive touch screen to charge a phone battery. The proposed idea utilises additional power circuitry, i.e., AC to DC and DC to DC converters to provide DC power to the load. Fluorescent light used in the experiment had a 29.56-V peak-to-peak voltage at 38 kHz frequency. Experimental measurements show that the fluorescent light energy harvesting system can generate 835 μW of power.
Internal Growth of Nonsolid Lung Nodules: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Materials and Methods: Informed consent was obtained to analyze images from CT and pathologic examination under an institutional review board–approved protocol. Fifteen patients who had undergone resection of nonsolid lung cancer were evaluated. On the basis of the CT attenuation values of nonsolid nodules, nonneoplastic lung, soft tissue, and air, the overall proportion of soft tissue in the nodule and nonneoplastic lung and the difference between these two measures were calculated. The analogous measures were obtained from a representative digitized histologic slide. The area of each nodule and the proportion of air within it were measured, and the proportion of soft tissue in the nodule and nonneoplastic lung and the difference between the two were calculated. The difference between the two proportions at CT and histologic examination are the proportions attributable to the cancer on the basis of CT and histologic examinations, respectively. Linear regression was performed to assess the relationship between these measures.
Acute toxicity of second generation HIV protease-inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy: a retrospective case series.

Background: There is little data on the safety of combining radiation therapy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors to treat cancers in HIV-positive patients. We describe acute toxicities observed in a series of HIV-positive patients receiving modern radiation treatments, and compare patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors (PI) with patients not receiving HIV PIs. Methods: By reviewing the clinical records beginning January 1, 2009 from the radiation oncology department, we identified 29 HIV-positive patients who received radiation therapy to 34 body sites. Baseline information, treatment regimen, and toxicities were documented by review of medical records: patient age, histology and source of the primary tumor, HIV medication regimen, pre-radiation CD4 count, systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy dose and fractionation, irradiated body region, toxicities, and duration of follow-up. Patients were grouped according to whether they received concurrent HIV PIs and compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: At baseline, the patients in the two groups were similar with the exception of HIV medication regimens, CD4 count and presence of AIDS-defining malignancy. Patients taking concurrent PIs were more likely to be taking other HIV medications (p = 0.001) and have CD4 count >500 (p = 0.006). Patients taking PIs were borderline less likely to have an AIDS-defining malignancy (p = 0.06). After radiation treatment, 100 acute toxicities were observed and were equally common in both groups (64 [median 3 per patient, IQR 1-7] with PIs; 36 [median 3 per patient, IQR 2-3] without PIs). The observed toxicities were also equally severe in the two groups (Grades I, II, III respectively: 30, 30, 4 with PIs; 23, 13, 0 without PIs: p = 0.38). There were two cases that were stopped early, one in each group; these were not attributable to toxicity. Conclusions: In this study of recent radiotherapy in HIV-positive patients taking second generation PIs, no difference in toxicities was observed in patients taking PIs compared to patients not taking PIs during radiation therapy. This suggests that it is safe to use unmodified doses of PIs and radiation therapy in HIV cancer patients, and that it is feasible to use PIs as a radiosensitizer in cancer therapy, as has been suggested by pre-clinical results.
In-situ antimony doping of CdTe

The effect of in-situ Antimony (Sb) doping on polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) deposited by Elemental Vapor Transport (EVT) is investigated. The presence of Sb in the film is verified by SIMS measurements. The film structures were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Sb doped CdTe films were fabricated into solar cells and characterized by standard Current-Voltage (JV) and Spectral Response (SR) measurements. The performance of the cells did not reach the state-of-the-art level, however, VOC's up to 760 mV were observed without any post deposition Cu or CdCl2 heat treatment. Capacitance-Voltage (CV) measurements indicated a change in the p-type doping concentration (as high as 1016 cm−3) as a function of gas phase Cd/Te ratio and Sb concentration. 1-Photon TRPL measurements showed minority carrier lifetime, τ > 1ns for the films with the highest doping.
Cardiovascular Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are at significant risk for cardiac disease and cardiac complications. While there may be cardiac complications during the acute period of HSCT, long-term survivors remain at risk for cardiovascular disease at a rate at least fourfold higher than the general population. Aggressive screening for cardiac risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and arrhythmias is warranted pretransplant. For those with risk factors, particularly a history of cardiovascular disease or atrial fibrillation, cardiology consultation is warranted in the pretransplantation period. Aggressive screening for cardiac risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is warranted in HSCT survivors as well; early and aggressive treatment of left ventricular dysfunction is warranted. Collaboration between hematology/oncology and cardiology through a cardio-oncology clinic is an optimal way to help manage these patients.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE LABELING OF MENTAL ILLNESS

Labeling mental illness is explored, utilizing sociological concepts. An exploratory study assessed psychiatric diagnosis, hospital days, and prescribed medication. Data are presented on relation of age to days hospitalized, socio-economic status, status to psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric diagnosis to prior hospitalization, and percentage of community referrals. Findings regarding these relationships are specific to the patient population and support sociological concepts.
Description of Immature Stages of Coreidae. 3. Archimerus alternatus

The egg and 5 nymphal instars of A. alternatus (Say) are described and illustrated. The egg was 2.31×l.53×1.18 mm (mean value), oval in cross section, and dorsoventrally flattened. There were 13 micropylar processes per egg. Eggs were greenish brown to dark brown throughout incubation. Head-capsule widths of the 5 instars did not overlap and the growth ratios were fairly constant. The head capsules of males were slightly larger than females. All instars were green and had fuscous areas on the abdomen. Red markings were present also in early instars. The arrangement of setae and papillae varied between instars. The 5th instar developed prominent spines on undersides of the femora.
The correlation of two self-disclosure inventories with actual self-disclosure: a validity study.

(1968). The Correlation of two Self-Disclosure Inventories with Actual Self-Disclosure: A Validity Study. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 291-298.
Acute Ataxia in Childhood 11-Year Experience at a Major Pediatric Neurology Referral Center

We categorized the causes of acute ataxia in the pediatric population-referred to the Division of Neurology-at a large, urban pediatric medical center. Of the 120 cases identified over the past 11 years, post-infectious cerebellar ataxia was the most commonly diagnosed (59%), followed by drug intoxication, opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome, episodic ataxia, acute cerebellitis, cerebellar stroke, ADEM, meningitis, cerebral vein thrombosis, Leigh's disease, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and concussion. Among the patients with post-infectious cerebellar ataxia, 85% were 1-6 years old and all had a history of antecedent viral illness. CSF pleocytosis was present in 40% of patients; all had normal brain MRIs. The majority (91%) recovered within 30 days. We conclude that post-infectious cerebellar ataxia remains the most common cause of acute ataxia in childhood and that it carries a good prognosis. We also differentiate acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia from other causes with similar presentations.
Examining the Frequency of Stimulant Misuse among Patients with Primary Disorders of Hypersomnolence: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Study Objectives:Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are commonly treated by sleep specialists and encountered by other medical providers. Although pharmacotherapy with modafinil and traditional ...
Abstract 241: Burden of hypertension on hospitals in USA: Analysis of Nationwide Emergency Department Sample Data

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in USA. Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factors for cardiovascular disease with unclear extent of burden on USA healthcare. This study was done to identify the burden imposed by HTN independently on hospitals in USA. Methods: We used Nationwide Emergency Department (ED) Sample data to extract data for patients who visited ED with first listed diagnosis of HTN. Clinical classification software code 98 and 99 were used to identify patients with essential HTN and HTN with complications and secondary HTN respectively. Data was extracted for the years 2006 to 2011. Results: We identified a total of 3,938,456 ED visits with first listed diagnosis of essential HTN for years 2006-11 with admission rate of 9.76% (384,495 out of 3,938,456). The rate of ED visits increased from 190.1 visits per 100,000 persons in 2006 to 238.5 visits per 100,000 persons in 2011 (p We identified 1,429,308 ED visits with first listed diagnosis of HTN with complication and secondary HTN for years 2006-11 with admission rate of 73.41% (1,049,199 out of 1,429,308). The rate of patient visits to ED increased from 71.2 per 100,000 persons in 2006 to 84.7 per 100,000 persons in 2011 (p Conclusions: Our study revealed that number of patients visiting ED with first listed diagnosis of essential HTN and HTN with complication and secondary HTN increased steadily from 2006 to 2011. Though admission rate for patients visiting ED decreased, the aggregate number of admitted patients increased leading to increased burden on both ED and in-patient healthcare facility indicating still large unmet need for better outpatient care to prevent these ED visits and hospitalizations. The decreasing in-hospital mortality rate points to improving care of hospitalized patients.
Analysis on Hilbert Space

In this chapter we study operator theory on separable Hilbert spaces. The first part is devoted to some important results on the integration of operator-valued functions. Although some additional material has also been included, the second part is a review of standard theory of operators on Hilbert spaces. The only new material is a recent new spectral representation for linear operators based on the polar decomposition. All results and concepts that are independent of the inner product apply to Banach spaces and will be used in the next chapter without further comment.
Managing pain in patients with advanced cancer: the role of neuraxial infusion.

As a result of a burgeoning science and an intensive educational campaign that began more than a decade ago, oncologists
Utility of crankshaft clips for middle cerebral artery aneurysms: A single-center experience of 150 cases.

BACKGROUND Applying more than one clip for a complicated-shaped aneurysm is an established strategy, particularly for middle cerebral arteries (MCA). However, obliterating the cleft of the internal elastic lamina with a single clip is theoretically possible because the line is usually on a single plane. Crankshaft clips were reformed for that purpose decades ago, but are not widely used and have been described in almost no report ever since. METHODS To reconsider and describe the utility of crankshaft clips for complicated MCA aneurysms and to articulate the advantages and limitations of the clips, we meticulously analyzed a series of more than 150 cases in which the crankshaft clips were used, predominantly for treatment of MCA aneurysms, at Moriyama Memorial Hospital between August 2010 and December 2015. RESULTS Readjustment of the clip was not necessary in almost all cases, and the first application was the final one. None of the patients had morbidity or mortality related to the surgical technique. To date, we have not experienced any trouble or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Crankshaft clips are useful and safe for clipping of complicated MCA aneurysms.
Antiepileptic Drugs in Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Published data on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the treatment of autism (ASD) and associated affective disorders and epilepsy have been reviewed at the Department of Neurology, Miami Children’s Hospital, FL.
A meta-analysis of mathematics and working memory: Moderating effects of working memory domain, type of mathematics skill, and sample characteristics

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the relation between mathematics and working memory (WM) and to identify possible moderators of this relation including domains of WM, types of mathematics skills, and sample type. A meta-analysis of 110 studies with 829 effect sizes found a significant medium correlation of mathematics and WM, r = .35, 95% confidence interval [.32, .37]. Moderation analyses indicated that mathematics showed comparable association with verbal WM, numerical WM, and visuospatial WM. Word-problem solving and whole-number calculations showed the strongest relation with WM whereas geometry showed the weakest relation with WM. The relation between WM and mathematics was stronger among individuals with mathematics difficulties that are associated with other disorders or cognitive deficits compared with that among typically developing individuals and individuals with only mathematics difficulties. The implications of these findings with respect to mathematics instruction and WM training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Coalescing Twitter Trends: The Under-Utilization of Machine Learning in Social Media

We demonstrate the effectiveness that machine learning can bring to improving social media platforms through a case study on Twitter trending topics. Social media relies heavily on tagging and often does not take advantage of machine learning advances. Twitter is no exception. Individual tweets are identified as being part of a trending discussion topic by the presence of a tagged keyword. Relying solely on this keyword, however, may be inadequate for identifying all the discussion associated with a trend. Our research demonstrates that machine learning techniques can be used identify the top trend a tweet belongs to with up to 85% precision without using the identifying keyword as a feature. This can aid in improving the quality of topic categorization by ensuring on-topic tweets that are missing the trend keyword are included, as well as suggest keywords to include in new tweets.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Fear of Abandonment Moderate the Relation of Intimate Partner Violence to Severity of Dissociation

Betrayal trauma theory proposes a relation between intimate partner violence (IPV) and dissociation, suggesting that dissociation among victims of IPV may function to restrict awareness of abuse in order to preserve attachments perceived as vital. We investigated two factors that may moderate the relation between IPV and dissociation-childhood sexual abuse (CSA) severity and fear of abandonment-among 348 women currently in a relationship. The relation between frequency of IPV (sexual and physical) and dissociation (amnesia and depersonalization) was moderated by CSA severity and fear of abandonment. Specifically, among women with clinically relevant fear of abandonment, the strength of the relation between IPV and dissociation became stronger as CSA severity increased. This study is the first to demonstrate the moderating roles of fear of abandonment and CSA history in the relation between IPV and dissociation among women. Findings suggest that it may be important to target fear of abandonment in interventions with IPV victims who have a CSA history. Results suggest that fear of abandonment warrants greater attention in research on IPV revictimization.
Intradimensional Stimulus Effects and Pretraining in the Acquisition of Matching-to-Sample Behavior

The ease of acquisition in matching-to-sample tasks has been shown to be related directly to the choice of a stimulus dimension from which the task is formed. One attempt to explain this finding has suggested that (a) the discriminability of the stimuli per se is the major factor contributing to this effect and (b) the rate of matching acquisition can be predicted from knowledge of acquisition rates of simple discriminations. The current experiment was designed to explore this possibility further by selectively pretraining subjects with one of two sets of stimuli prior to acquisition of matching-to-sample. Pigeons were assigned to groups that received pretraining in which stimuli from the same dimension were presented successively and reinforced either differentially or nondifferentially. Acquisition of matching for these groups was compared to groups that received no pretraining. Results indicated that the pretraining procedures did not affect acquisition of matching-to-sample behavior differentially; however, acquisition rates for matching tasks using different sets of stimuli from the same dimension differed significantly. The analysis of matching-to-sample behavior in terms of the summation of simpler discrimination components is discussed.