cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite particle number effects and the relationship of the fermion dynamical symmetry model with the Nilsson model

The fermion dynamical symmetry model is applied to an odd mass system via a strong coupling scheme and a direct comparison with the Nilsson model is made. Consequently, the deformed shell model Fermi-surface effect can be calculated from the fermion dynamical symmetry model as an approximate solution to the spherical shell model. Also, the finite particle number effect is studied with the fermion dynamical symmetry model; its effect is to renormalize the moment of inertia and deformation as well as to cause an attenuation of the Coriolis interaction.
The Low Temperature Polysilicon TFT Technology for Manufacturing of Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays

The amorphous silicon thin transistor (a-Si TIFT) has successfully industrialized the active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs), which would get a vast market on the basis of their wide potential use for displays. Whereas, the polysilicon TFT (p-Si TFT) also has been intensely investigated and intended to realize smarter AMLCDs, with monolithic peripheral circuits. In this paper, we will discuss the applicable range of low temperature p-Si TFTs compared with high temperature p-Si TFTs. After reviewing the materials which comprise low temperature p-Si TFTs, we will introduce our self aligned aluminum gate process which could allow fast addressing even in enlarged AMLCDs in the future.
American State Legislators' Role Orientations Toward Pressure Groups

IN MODERN PLURALISTIC POLITICAL SYSTEMS, the legislature is a central forum where organized interest groups articulate and express their views and press for public action favorable to their concerns. Indeed, the free representation of interests crucially affects the legitimacy of modern democratic legislatures. If interest groups were removed or prevented from influencing legislative action, the authority of the legislature would be put in jeopardy and its decisions would be found unacceptable. Yet in spite of the critical importance of the relationship between interest groups and law-making institutions, research offers surprisingly little theoretical explanation and few cumulative or comparative empirical data about this phase of the representative process.' Most case studies of pressure groups do little more than describe the qualities, properties or activities of some of the pressuring
Phage Therapy Revisited: The Population Biology of a Bacterial Infection and Its Treatment with Bacteriophage and Antibiotics

Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) to treat bacterial infections. It has been practiced sporadically on humans and domestic animals for nearly 75 yr. Nevertheless, phage therapy has remained outside the mainstream of modern medicine, presumably because of doubts about its efficacy, and possibly because it was eclipsed by antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents. In this report, we develop the study of phage therapy and antibiotic therapy as a population biological phenomenon-the dynamic interaction of bacteria with a predator (phage) or a toxic chemical (antibiotic) inside a host whose immune and other defenses also affect the interaction. Our goal is to identify the conditions under which phage and antibiotics can successfully control a bacterial infection and when they cannot. We review data published in the 1980s by H. Williams Smith and J. B. Huggins on the use of phage and antibiotics to control lethal, systemic infections of Escherichia coli in experimentally inoculat...
In Pursuit of Homoleptic Actinide Alkyl Complexes

This Forum Article describes the pursuit of isolable homoleptic actinide alkyl complexes, starting with the pioneering work of Gilman during the Manhattan project. The initial reports in this area suggested that homoleptic uranium alkyls were too unstable to be isolated, but Wilkinson demonstrated that tractable uranium alkyls could be generated by purposeful "ate" complex formation, which serves to saturate the uranium coordination sphere and provide the complexes with greater kinetic stability. More recently, we reported the solid-state molecular structures of several homoleptic uranium alkyl complexes, including [Li(THF)4][U(CH2(t)Bu)5], [Li(TMEDA)]2[UMe6], [K(THF)]3[K(THF)2][U(CH2Ph)6]2, and [Li(THF)4][U(CH2SiMe3)6], by employing Wilkinson's strategy. Herein, we describe our attempts to extend this chemistry to thorium. The treatment of ThCl4(DME)2 with 5 equiv of LiCH2(t)Bu or LiCH2SiMe3 at -25 °C in THF affords [Th(CH2(t)Bu)5] (1) and [Li(DME)2][Th(CH2SiMe3)5 (2), respectively, in moderate yields. Similarly, the treatment of ThCl4(DME)2 with 6 equiv of K(CH2Ph) produces [K(THF)]2[Th(CH2Ph)6] (3), in good yield. Complexes 1-3 have been fully characterized, while the structures of 1 and 3 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the electronic properties of 1 and 3 were explored by density functional theory.
Perceptions of the Peer Group and Friendship in Early Adolescence

Perceptions of peer relationships were assessed in a sample of 335 boys and girls followed longitudinally from sixth through eighth grade. Semiannual interviews provided data on perceptions of the ...
Cardiac magnetic resonance predictors of mitral regurgitation and papillary muscle fibrosis in mitral valve prolapse

Introduction Compared to extensive studies in echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) predictors of mitral regurgitation (MR) in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) have yet to be defined. Characterization of the mitral valve may be important for prognosis of progression of MVP-related MR and facilitating surgical decision making. In addition, papillary muscle (PM) fibrosis has been observed in pathological studies of MVP and in vivo by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and attributed to PM "stretch" by displaced mitral valve leaflets.
Voltammetric and Amperometric Investigations of Azide Oxidation at the Basal Plane of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

The electrochemical oxidation of dissolved azide anion has been investigated at the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were employed to study the oxidation reaction mechanism in neutral pH as a function of the potential sweep rate, analyte concentration, and electrolyte composition and in the presence of adsorbed anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (2,6-AQDS). The linear dynamic range in the differential pulse voltammetric measurements was 4 orders of magnitude and the estimated limit of detection (SNR = 3) was ∼2.3 × 10-7 M (9.7 ppb). The electron-transfer kinetics for azide oxidation appear rapid at this surface, and the voltammetric features are independent of the fraction of exposed edge plane, the presence of surface oxides, the electrolyte composition, and the adsorption of 2,6-AQDS. The reaction is shown to proceed by an EC(dim) mechanism. Amperometric detection results for flow injection analysis (FIA) and ion chromat...
Immunofluorescence assay using crohn's disease tissue-injected athymic nude mouse lymph nodes in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases☆

Sometimes, even after extensive investigative efforts, the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease remains in doubt. The accurate diagnosis is important if appropriate therapy is to be instituted. A simple indirect immunofluorescence assay that tests the patient's serum against lymphoid tissues from athymic nude (nu/nu) mice receiving injections of filtrates of Crohn's disease tissue is proposed. Eighty percent of serum samples from patients with active, symptomatic Crohn's disease give positive results of immunofluorescence when tested with these lymphoid tissues. The false-positive rate has been very low (less than 10 percent). Because this assay is fairly sensitive and least invasive, it was used for the clarification of many puzzling cases that were seen at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine over the past three years. Ten of these cases were selected for illustration and discussion and are presented in this report.
A note on performance guarantees for sequencing three-stage flexible flowshops with identical machines to minimize makespan

In this note a tight worst-case ratio bound is derived for a heuristic for the three-stage flexible flowshop makespan minimization problem. It is shown that the derived bound is the best available for the three-stage problem. Furthermore, the derived bound can be used to improve the best available worst-case ratio bound for the flexible flowshop makespan minimization problem with an arbitrary odd number of stages.
Performance of a time-dependent dispersion model in elevated terrain

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the TVA quasi-steady model (QSM) to simulate plume dispersion over high terrain. QSM is a time-dependent, plume-segment model. The modeling results are compared with measured data obtained from a field study conducted at the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Widows Creek Steam Plant. Also, the results obtained using a steady-state Gaussian model are compared to give an indication of the advantages of a time-dependent method compared to a steady-state method. Although the results from both models agree well with the measured values, QSM, which provides better temporal and spatial resolution, more successfully modeled inversion-breakup and plume-impingement conditions.
Real-Time Scalable Attribute Querying Framework for RFID Based Smart Spaces

RFIDs are becoming ubiquitous in our social and economic lives, gradually transforming the environment into a smart space. In this paper we introduce SCOUT system built on a novel decentralized architecture for massive scale smart environments. SCOUT provides an underlying framework for efficient management of runtime activities and querying of smart object attributes. The architecture fulfills the need for dynamic attribute detection across a wide range of applications and can be deployed in diverse settings. The proposed SCOUT system can help management and attribute detection in scenarios such retailing, manufacturing, transportation and distribution industries. The advantage of the framework lies in its simplicity and ease of implementation. We present a set of results, by building a simulation environment as well as a workload generator, which highlight the proposed framework scalability.
Time-Resolved Surface-Enhanced Coherent Sensing of Nanoscale Molecular Complexes

Nanoscale real-time molecular sensing requires large signal enhancement, small background, short detection time and high spectral resolution. We demonstrate a new vibrational spectroscopic technique which satisfies all of these conditions. This time-resolved surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (tr-SECARS) spectroscopy is used to detect hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of pyridine with water in the near field of gold nanoparticles with large signal enhancement and a fraction of a second collection time. Optimal spectral width and time delays of ultrashort laser pulses suppress the surface-enhanced non-resonant background. Time-resolved signals increase the spectral resolution which is limited by the width of the probe pulse and allow measuring nanoscale vibrational dephasing dynamics. This technique combined with quantum chemistry simulations may be used for the investigation of complex mixtures at the nanoscale and surface environment of artificial nanostructures and biological systems.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of the structure of yeast ornithine decarboxylase.

The ornithine decarboxylase gene of S. cerevisiae encodes a predicted protein of approximately 53 kD highly homologous with the ornithine decarboxylase of other species (1). However, the native enzyme has been reported as an 86 kD protein (2). Our molecular sieve analysis indicated a Mr=110,000 for the native enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis of [H3]-α-difluoromethylornithine labelled enzyme demonstrated a subunit Mr of approximately 50 kD and suggested the native enzyme is a dimer. Genetic analyses support this conclusion. The complementary, ornithine decarboxylase deficient mutations spe1A and spe1B were mapped to the enzyme structural gene by linkage analysis and gene conversion mapping. This demonstrated that the mutations exhibit intragenic complementation which suggests protein-protein interactions and an oligomeric structure for the yeast enzyme. We conclude that yeast ornithine decarboxylase is a dimeric enzyme of 53 kD subunits.
Ruminal and Post-ruminal Digestion of Alfalfa Fed as Pellets or Long Hay

Abstract The extent of ruminal and total digestion of the carbohydrate portion of long alfalfa and dehydrated, pelleted alfalfa was compared using the lignin-ratio method with four rumen fistulated steers. The apparent digestibility of the fibrous portion (crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and holocellulose) of pelleted alfalfa was only about 70% that observed for long hay. The apparent digestibility of the nitrogen-free extract did not differ significantly. The extent of the nitrogen-free extract digested in the reticulo-rumen was lower on the pelleted alfalfa ration than on the long alfalfa ration. While feeding pelleted alfalfa, less than 60% of the digestible fibrous portion was digested in the reticulo-rumen; whereas, more than 90% was digested in the reticulo-rumen when long alfalfa was fed. The proportion of ruminal acetic acid was lower, and the propionic and butyric acids were higher when feeding pellets compared to hay. Total volatile fatty acids and ruminal fill were depressed by the pellet ration.
TiB2-coated cathodes for aluminum smelting cells

Abstract Pipes consisting of coatings 700 μm thick of chemically vapor-deposited TiB 2 on carbon were produced and tested for corrosion and/or erosion resistance in a laboratory aluminum smelting cell for 100 h. The projected lifetime of the coating was approximately 30 days, a factor of 50 shorter than that projected by assuming uniform saturation dissolution of TiB 2 in molten aluminum. The corrosion and/or erosion as measured from scanning electron micrographs pointed to grain boundary attack with subsequent crystalline pull-out as the mechanism for the shorter than expected lifetimes.
Maximizing rhizosphere populations of fluorescent pseudomonads on potatoes and their effects onErwinia carotovora

Field-grown potato plants were treated withPseudomonas putida andP. fluorescens strains in order to maximize the rhizosphere populations of the pseudomonads and determine their effects on indigenous populations ofErwinia carotovora. Single applications of the pseudomonads to seed pieces at planting resulted in peak populations of approximately 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per gram (fresh weight) of root in July, whereas a second application in June boosted rhizosphere populations 10- to 100-fold higher throughout the remainder of the growing season; they composed nearly 20% of the average total population of rhizosphere bacteria in early July. Although rhizosphere populations of the introduced pseudomonads were high,E. carotovora populations sharply increased from very low numbers to reach populations ranging between 105 and 107 CFU/g by early July. Furthermore, coapplications of pseudomonad strains failed to suppress native populations ofE. carotovora despite the growth and maintenance of high rhizosphere populations of both pseudomonad strains.
Effects of neonatal corticosterone treatment on maze performance and HPA axis in juvenile rats

Previous research has indicated that administering corticosterone to dams' drinking water for 21 days produced persistent alterations in physiology and behavior. We investigated whether 4 days of corticosterone exposure would have similar effects, and whether greater effects would be found when corticosterone was administered early in neonatal life than later in neonatal life. Sprague-Dawley dams were given either corticosterone (250 microg/ml) in their water bottles for postnatal days (PND) 5-9 (early corticosterone treatment: ECT), PND 13-17 (late corticosterone treatment: LCT) or no treatment (NT). At the end of treatment, corticosterone levels were higher in pups of corticosterone drinking dams. However, at weaning, ECT and LCT pups had lower basal corticosterone levels than NT pups. As juveniles, ECT pups learned to navigate to a visible and then to a nonvisible platform in a Morris water maze more quickly than did LCT and NT pups. Among females, ECT pups had higher corticosterone release in response to stress than LCT and NT pups. There were no differences in hippocampal corticosteroid receptor levels among the groups. The pattern of results is similar to, but not identical to, that found for pups exposed to corticosterone for 21 days. The results also suggest that there is a critical or sensitive period for corticosterone treatment in that early treatment was more effective than later treatment.
Dreamscapes: portrayals of rectangular spaces in Doris Lessing's Memoirs of a Survivor and in dreams.

In my dreams, I often encounter rectangular spaces that seem to carry elusive meanings. These spaces have been tremendously evocative for me, and have found their way into my poetry as recurrent allusive images, almost captured. As a result, I was particularly intrigued to encounter similar images in Doris Lessing’s novel Memoirs of a Survivor (1974), in which both narrator and reader are tantalized by the imminence of meaning lurking in the hidden spaces within. In this novel, set in a futuristic world in which the normal boundaries of “civilized existence” are breaking down, the narrator experiences the breaking down of her interior walls as well, as her reverie takes her beyond the walls of her actual domicile, into the spaces beyond/within the wall, in which images of memories of self and other, and self-in-other, await. These experiences have the uncanny air of waking dreams: It would seem that at times entry into this realm is beyond the narrator’s control, whereas at other times she appears able to move into it at will. However, even if she can imagine herself into this world, she has little control over the landscapes themselves, which seem to change according to their own rules and regularities. In many ways, this novel takes the form of a dream within a dream, of a life that has been led by a woman who must both undream and redream her self in order to come to accounts with her life: its myriad meanings and possibilities. Multiplicity of meaning both obscures and reveals (Ricoeur, 1970). As we communicate through interactive metaphors, the distance of perspective is introduced, providing a “potential space” (Ogden,
Inhibition of an initiation codon function by hemin deficiency and the hemin-controlled translational repressor in the reticulocyte cell-free system.

The trinucleotide codon, AUG, promotes the combination of reticulocyte 40S and 60S native ribosomal subunits as well as recombination of those derived by dissociation factor. This interaction is inhibited by hemin deficiency or the hemin-controlled repressor and results in the loss of methionine from ribosomal bound met-tRNAf. The locus of inhibition among the partial reactions of peptide chain initiation is between met-tRNAf and initiation codon binding to the 40S ribosomal subunit and peptide bond formation.
Temporal pattern of division in the dinoflagellate genus ceratium and its application to the determination of growth rate

Abstract Laboratory experiments using Ceratium furca (Ehr.) Clap. et Lachm. were conducted to determine the chemical composition of C. furca and to evaluate the accuracy of growth rates determined from the maximum observed frequency of division. The chemical composition of C. furca varied more with physiological changes induced by temperature and culture age than it did with photoperiod. Growth rates calculated from the maximum daily frequency of division ( F max ) averaged 79.2% of the rate calculated from the increase in cell number under laboratory conditions and the range was 52.9–111.7% ( n = 11). The temporal pattern of cell division in marine species of the dinoflagellate genus Ceratium was examined in a combined program of laboratory and field experiments. Cultures of C. furca were grown in an environmental chamber under various conditions of photoperiod and temperature on 24-h light dark cycles. The initiation of division was independent of temperature over the range of experimental conditions examined (15–25°C). Cell division maintained a fairly constant phase relationship with the beginning of the dark period; it was initiated 8.5 to 10.5 h after the lights were extinguished for photoperiods of 16 to 8 h. Division was less synchronous and was initiated earlier in sexual life-history stages than it was in vegetable stages. In oceanic samples (photoperiods of 10.5 to 14 h), the temporal pattern of cell division was similar among all Ceratium species examined, and division occurred at approximately the same time as in laboratory cultures grown under analogous conditions of photoperiod and temperature.
Myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-tris-DMPE in man.

Cardiac scintigraphy was performed in six patients with a documented previous myocardial infarction, in one patient with mitral regurgitation, and in four healthy volunteers following administration of 99mTc-tris-DMPE. An intense early blood pool phase permitted gated blood pool scintigraphy and left ventricular ejection fraction calculation. A myocardial phase 12–14 h later permitted myocardial perfusion imaging. The rest myocardial perfusion image quality with 99mTc-tris-DMPE appeared to be superior to the resting image quality obtained with 99mTc-dichloro-DMPE but was inferior to the resting image quality obtained with 201Tl.
Statistical analyses of satellite cloud object data from ceres. Part III: Comparison with cloud-resolving model simulations of tropical convective clouds

Abstract The present study evaluates the ability of a cloud-resolving model (CRM) to simulate the physical properties of tropical deep convective cloud objects identified from a Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data product. The emphasis of this study is the comparisons among the small-, medium-, and large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 and between the large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 (strong El Nino) and March 2000 (weak La Nina). Results from the CRM simulations are analyzed in a way that is consistent with the CERES retrieval algorithm and they are averaged to match the scale of the CERES satellite footprints. Cloud physical properties are analyzed in terms of their summary histograms for each category. It is found that there is a general agreement in the overall shapes of all cloud physical properties between the simulated and observed distributions. Each cloud physical property produced by the CRM also exhibits differen...
Some Results from Ongoing Research on Road Roughness

Road roughness can be described by two dimensional profiles in the direction of travel. These profiles are used for driving actuators for vehicle testing and dynamic computer simulations. Road roughness affects primarily ride quality and dynamic wheel loads. The effects of dynamic wheel loads on the stresses in the pavement and subsequent effect on pavement life are the subject of current research at the FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). This paper presents a review of the extensive work done over the years in the Pavement Division of the Office of Research of FHWA and some recent results on road roughness profiling and on pavement response to dynamic loads. Current and planned work is described in some detail. The current interest is on the interactions between rough pavements and heavy trucks. Field and laboratory measurements, and computer simulations to predict the interaction forces are discussed. Distribution of strains and deflections under passing truck wheels are shown for different test conditions.
Maximum Entropy and the Lottery

Abstract The distribution on m-tuples of the first M integers is estimated from marginals of the distribution. This problem is of interest in determining unpopular numbers in lotto games. In Canada's Lotto 6/49 the proportion of tickets purchased in previous games containing each number is available. Under certain conditions the limiting distribution subject to the observed marginals is the constrained maximum entropy distribution. This distribution is estimated, and Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate the expected return of various lottery strategies. Tickets consisting of unpopular numbers may have expected return greater than their cost when the weekly sales are large or there are large carryover prizes (prizes not won in earlier games). The maximum entropy distribution is a rough approximation of the true distribution of tickets purchased. Certain aspects of the empirical distribution are not consistent with the maximum entropy distribution. Alternative methods, which attempt to model the behavio...
A contribution to Collatz's eigenvalue inclusion theorem for nonnegative irreducible matrices

The matrix calculus is widely applied in various branches of mathematics and control system engineering. In this paper properties of real matrices with nonnegative elements are studied. The classical Collatz theorem is unique and immediately applicable to estimatingthe spectral radius of nonnegative irreducible matrices. The coherence property is identified. Then the Perron-Frobenius theorem and Collatz's theorem are used to formulate the coherence property more precisely. It is shown how dual variation principles can be used for the iterative calculation of x = X(A )a nd the spectral radius of A ,w herex is any positive n-vector, X(A) is the correspondingpositive eig envector, and A is an n × n nonnegative irreducible real matrix. � n j=1 aij xj/Xi,(i ∈ N ), m(x )=m in i∈N fi(x), and M (x )=m ax i∈N fi(x). Collatz's eigenvalue inclusion theorem (6), refined by Wielandt (21), together with the Perron- Frobenius theorems, is a classic part of the theory of nonnegative matrices. Theorem 1.1. The Theorem of Collatz and Wielandt. The spectral radius Λ(A) of the nonnegative irreducible matrix A satisfies either m(x) < Λ(A) <M (x)
'The Wisest Help': Frederick Keppel and his Consultants' Impact on Australia and New Zealand Libraries

Abstract Aspects of the Carnegie Corporation’s philanthropic initiative in Australia and New Zealand, which helped transform the library landscape, are examined through the lens of Corporation Pres...
Intra-Frame Dyadic Spatial Scalable Coding Based on a Subband/Wavelet Framework for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Scalable Video Coding

This paper develops a new intra-frame dyadic spatial scalable coding framework based on a subband/wavelet coding approach for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 scalable video coding (SVC). It is the first attempt in the literature to join the subband filter banks with the traditional macroblock and DCT based video coding system. We demonstrate that the current H.264 coding tools and syntax set can efficiently work together with the traditional subband filter banks for providing the improved efficiency for intra-frame dyadic spatial scalable coding. More importantly, unlike the classical wavelet coding, the proposed framework still allows the down-sampling filter to be flexibly designed to generate the ideal low resolution video for target applications. The proposed wavelet tool has been adopted by the JSVM for the next-phase SVC standard.
Role of Vitamin D receptor gene in radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cell

1 Alpha,25-(OH)(2)-Vitamin D(3), the physiologically active metabolite of Vitamin D is known for its pro-differentiating and antiproliferative activity on various cancer cell lines. It exerts its growth-regulatory effects through binding to the Vitamin D recepter (VDR), a member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid receptor family, which functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. There is accumulating evidence that Vitamin D may be an important determinant of both the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. Since radiation is an important etiological factor for breast cancer progression, it is important to study the role of VDR gene in radiation-induced breast carcinogenesis. This study is focused on a human breast tumor model developed by irradiating the spontaneously immortalized MCF-10F cell line with graded doses of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation followed by treatment with estrogen. Study of VDR gene by restriction digestion with ApaI, BsmI and TaqI detected no polymorphism but direct sequencing analyses identified few single-base mutations within intron 8 and exon 9 of the gene. Over-expression of the VDR gene was noticed in irradiated and tumorigenic cell lines compared with control. Likewise, immunohistochemical data indicated a significant increase in VDR intensity in irradiated and tumorigenic cell lines. Considering all these evidence, it is likely that VDR can be used as a prognostic marker of tumor progression in radiation- and estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis.
Hiding Places: Thoreau’s Geographies

For Henry David Thoreau, penetrating landscape observation provided an unfailing point of departure for natural description, ecstatic contemplation, and violently paradoxical social commentary. His texts express, question, naturalize, and deploy many presuppositions about geographic order in the landscape. His writing life, ending in 1862, spanned a time when teleological explanations of the landscape were challenged by the gradual “detheologization” of scientific thought. The new views on the ultimate geographic role of Providence all made some room for empirical, proximate explanations of geography’s grand theme: the fit between humanity and the earth. The effect of Thoreau’s development from transcendental idealism to a penetrating yet fussy empiricism was to dissolve the unity of the human and natural worlds. His odd, shifting, rhetorical appropriation of place, his resistance to unqualified generalization, and his purported aversion to travel (outside of Concord) all contrast with the path geography ...
Soya Proteins Functional and Sensory Characteristics Improved in Cornminuted bleats

Soya proteins (flour, concentrate, isolate) were incorporated in formulations of frankfurters as preemulsified fat (PEF) and as powders. Sensory analysis showed that incorporation of soya proteins as PEF resulted in a reduction of specific soybean off-flavor (beany and bitterness notes) and off-aroma. Soya proteins added as PEF increased water-holding capacity and yield, decreased cook losses, and had no detrimental effect on color. Using soya proteins as stabilizer in PEF could improve functionality of these proteins and sensory characteristics of comminuted meats to which they are added.
Vitamin B12 biosynthesis after oral and intravenous administration of inorganic Co60 to sheep.

Summary1. Excretions and tissues from wether lambs dosed orally and intravenously with inorganic cobalt-60 were measured for total radioactivity and also for radioactivity in fractions characterized chemically as vit. B12-like, inorganic and bound. 2. After oral administration there was considerable biosynthesis of vit. B12 in the tract, probably occurring mainly in the rumen. After intravenous administration there was only slight, if any, biosynthesis in the tract, but considerable formation of vit. B12 in the tissues with the suggestion that the adrenals and spleen were mainly responsible. Overall, there was more than 10 times as much Co60 converted to B12 after ingestion than after intravenous administration. 3. The concentrations of vit. B12-like Co60 in the tissues after intravenous injection were slightly higher than after ingestion of equal amounts of Co60. 4. In the light of results on the response of cobalt-deficient lambs to parenterally administered vit. B12, it is suggested that the vit. B12-l...
Man and Sea in the Mesolithic: Coastal Settlement above and below Present Sea Level

Man and Sea in the Mesolithic: Coastal Settlement above and below Present Sea Level. Anders Fischer. ed. Oxbow Monograph, 53. Oakville, CT. David Brown Book Company, 1995. 440 pp.
Automatic Generation of High-level Contact State Space between 3D Curved Objects

Information of high-level, topological contact states is useful and sometimes even necessary for a wide range of applications, from robotic tasks involving compliant motion to virtual prototyping and simulation. This paper addresses how to represent concisely and generate automatically graphs of contact states between 3D curved objects of a broad class, which may include smooth curved or planar surfaces. The approach is sound and complete if the step size of discretization is smaller than a finite threshold. By exploiting topological and geometrical constraints, it is also quite efficient. The implemented examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Tamsulosin for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

OBJECTIVE:To review the information necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin compared with other adrenergic antagonists for treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.DATA SOURCES:A search was conducted of Cumulated Index Medicus, January 1993–August 1999, which was restricted to human trials and English-language journals.STUDYSELECTION AND DATAEXTRACTION:Efficacy studies were included if the design was randomized and included a control group. Drug safety was assessed using data from any patient series or controlled study.DATA SYNTHESIS:Tamsulosin, a uroselective α1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, thereby enhancing bladder emptying. In randomized, controlled clinical trials using standardized instruments, tamsulosin improves obstructive voiding symptoms by at least 25% in 65–80% of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin also improves peak urinary flow rate by 1.4–3.6 mL/sec in various studies a...
Tolerance to permethrin and fenvalerate in hymenopterous parasitoids associated with Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Tolerances to permethrin and fenvalerate residues were determined in several species of parasitoid Hymenoptera associated with Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Hawaii. Diglyphus begini (Ashmead) (Eulophidae) was significantly more tolerant to both compounds than Chrysonotomyia punctiventris Crawford (Eulophidae) and Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley (Eucoilidae). Halticoptera circulus (Walker) (Pteromalidae) and G. utilis exhibited the lowest tolerances to permethrin and fenvalerate, respectively. LC50s of parasitoids assayed with fenvalerate were higher than those for permethrin. Comparisons of tolerances of the various parasitoid species with data previously reported for L. sativae and L. trifolii revealed a pattern of medium to high tolerances in the parasitoids relative to the leafminers. D. begini had significantly higher LC50s to both pyrethroids than those reported for the Liriomyza spp.
Reverse relationship between mitogen activated protein kinase and human platelet aggregation

The role of MAPK in platelets was investigated. In human platelets maintained at 4°C for 2 hr, the MAPK activity increased (∼ 2 fold) when compared to those maintained at 37°C. When aggregation was monitored under these conditions, the platelets maintained at 4°C or 15°C showed an 85% and 71% decrease respectively to thrombin (0.5 U/ml for 1 min) induced aggregation. When the platelet cytosol was maintained at 4°C and assayed for MAPK activity, the MAPK activity decreased significantly, indicating that the observed effects are seen in intact platelets only, and are not due to temperature effects on the assay. When platelets maintained at 4°C or 15°C (for 2 hrs) were transferred to 37°C, the MAPK activity decreased to levels observed in platelets maintained throughout at 37°C and was thus reversible. Therefore, it is concluded that a possible reverse relationship between MAPK and platelet aggregation plays a role in platelet responses.
Eye Contact, Gender, and Personality Judgments

(1991). Eye Contact, Gender, and Personality Judgments. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 131, No. 2, pp. 303-304.
Effects of crop diversification levels and fertilization regimes on abundance of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and its parasitization by Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) in broccoli

The effects of intercropping via competition on crop yields, pest (cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)) abundance, and natural enemy efficacy were studied in the Brassica oleracea L. var. italica system. 2 From May to December 2004, insect populations and yield parameters were monitored in summer and autumn in broccoli monoculture and polyculture systems with or without competition from Brassica spp. (mustard), or Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat), with addition of organic (compost) or synthetic fertilizer. 3 Competition from buckwheat and mustard intercrops did not influence pest density on broccoli; rather, aphid pressure decreased and natural enemies of cabbage aphid were enhanced in intercropping treatments, but this varied with the intercropped plant and season (summer vs. autumn). 4 In compost-fertilized broccoli systems, seasonal parasitization rates of B. brassicae by Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) increased along with the expected lower aphid pressure compared with synthetically fertilized plants.
Advances in treating diabetes with aerosolized insulin.

DIABETES IS A DISEASE that affects approximately 16 million people in the United States. The majority of these people have non– insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or type 2 diabetes. Initially, their diabetes can be controlled with oral hypoglycemic drugs, change in diet, and exercise. However, as their disease progresses, they require the injection of insulin to control their glucose levels. Approximately 1 million people in the United States have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or type 1 diabetes. They require injections of insulin for glycemic control from the time of diagnosis. It is now recommended that patients who require insulin to treat their disease self-inject three or more times each day for optimal glucose control.1 Thus, there is a large population of diabetics who require, or will require, insulin by injection at some point in their lives. Because injection of insulin is associated with pain and a disruption of life-style, patient compliance with this treatment regimen is often compromised, leading to potentially suboptimal treatment outcomes. There is no pain with inhalational therapy, so it is not surprising that, beginning in the 1920s, a number of investigators have examined the possibility of administering aerosolized insulin as an alternative to injection. INTRAPULMONARY DELIVERY OF INSULIN AEROSOL
Two new species of Schoengastia (Acari: Trombiculidae) from New Guinea mammals.

Schoengastia brennani off Rattus niobe and Schoengastia diannae off several species of rodents and marsupials are described as new. Additional records for New Guinea are given for Schoengastia taylori and Schoengastia whartoni .
Local Topology Attacks in Smart Grids

It has been shown that an attacker can stealthily launch false data injection attacks against the state estimation without knowing the full topology and parameter information of the entire power network. In this paper, we propose a heuristic yet effective method to determine a feasible attacking region of a single line, which requires less network information. We use six IEEE standard systems to validate the proposed attacking strategy. This paper can reveal the vulnerability of the real-time topology of a power grid and is very helpful to develop effective protection strategies against topology attacks in smart grids.
Determinants of Health Care Expenditures: An Overview of International Comparisons and a Panel Data Analysis

Rationale: Health care expenditures in industrial countries have been growing rapidly over the past forty years. This rapid growth jeopardizes the sustainability of public budgets. A particular concern for the next decades is the effect of aging of the population on health care expenditures. Objectives: The first purpose of this research project is to provide an up to date overview of the literature on international comparisons of health care expenditures. This gives an insight in the most important variables to be used in estimating and projecting health care expenditures. Furthermore, this project aims to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the determinants of health care expenditures making use of panel data analysis. Herewith, the main focus is on the relative price of health care. The relative price of health care tends to increase over time because of the Baumol effect. Omitting the relative price in the set of explanatory variables may lead to biased coefficients for the other variables. Methodology: The literature overview serves as a starting point for determining the explanatory variables. In addition to the standard variables, we include the relative price as a possible determinant of health care expenditure. The main data source is the OECD Health Data set 2005, from which available data of the EU-15 countries are used for the period 1970-2003. Series for relative prices of health care for all countries were constructed out of series of wages and a consumer price index. We estimated several fixed effects models and performed unit root and cointegration tests. Results and Conclusions: We find that income and the share of the population aged 65-74 are important drivers of health care expenditures, which is consistent with the main findings of the recent literature. In addition, the share of the population aged above 75 and the time trend turn out to be insignificant. With respect to the relative price of health care, the results indicate that it has a negative but insignificant effect on the volume of health care when considering the period 1970-2003. In the period 1980-2003, however, the relative price of health care has a significant negative effect on the volume of health care. The estimated price elasticity of approximately -0.75 implies that a higher relative price is associated with a decrease in volume but still an increase in real health care expenditures. The significant effect of the relative price on volume over the period 1980-2003 seems to be consistent with the strong cost containment policy in many countries during this period.
Tautomerism in 10-(hy-droxy-imino)-phenanthren-9-one.

In the title compound, C14H9NO2, a static disorder exists between the keto–oxime and hy­droxy–nitroso tautomers, in an approximate ratio of 4.6:1, based on refined occupancies for disordered parts. No inter­molecular hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure. Instead, both tautomers exhibit similar intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
A rabbit lung morphology model for aerosol deposition and clearance

Abstract A rabbit lung morphology model was developed based on data available in the published literature. The airways of the lung were described with a typical path model. The lung airways are grouped by airway generation, which is the number of airway bifurcations leading from the trachea to the terminal airway. The airways in each generation are described by the average number, length, diameter, branching angle, and gravity angle. The geometry of the tracheobronchial (TB) region (generations 1–14) was defined by integrating the data primarily from Kliment (1974) , Ramchandani, Bates, Shen, Suki, and Tepper (2001) , and Schlesinger and McFadden (1981) . Rodriguez, Bur, Favre, and Weibel (1987) data were used to define the pulmonary (PUL) region. The morphometry data were used in a typical path deposition and clearance model based on the work of Yeh and Schum (1980) , Wojciak (1988) , and Kimmel, Reboulet, and Carpenter (2001) . Deposition via diffusion, sedimentation, and inertial impaction was modeled for TB and PUL deposition. Deposition in the head and larynx, (i.e., extrathoracic) was modeled with a function of the diameter, Stokes number, and diffusivity coefficient, and was fit to Raabe, Al-Bayati, Teague, and Rasolt (1988) data. A clearance model was constructed, based on mucosal and macrophage movement, and integrated with the deposition model. Predictions were in good agreement with the data. The model was used to explain apparent inconsistencies in a data set collected following inhalation exposure of rabbits to Bacillus anthracis spores.
Online, library-based visual formal specification monitoring system for monitoring log-files with visible and hidden data

Runtime Monitoring (RM), also known as Runtime Verification (RV), is the process of monitoring and verifying the sequencing and temporal behavior of an underlying application and comparing it to the correct behavior as specified by a formal specification pattern. Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based RM enables the monitoring of systems with both visible and hidden data, using the same formal specifications used by deterministic RM. This paper describes an online library of formal specification oracles and an accompanying toolset for the runtime monitoring log-files that contain hidden and visible data.
Giving Unto Others: Private Financial Transfers and Hardship Among Families With Children

Prior research shows that financial assistance from family and friends is an important source of support for families with children. Research on financial transfers has largely focused on the recipients of transfers, however. In this study, using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n ∼ 16,000 person-waves), the authors examine the association between the provision of financial assistance to family and friends and material hardship. The results from pooled regression and fixed effects models indicate that providing financial transfers is associated with an increased risk of hardship. The most economically disadvantaged groups, single mothers, those in the bottom income tertile, and Black mothers are the most likely to experience hardship after giving a transfer. These findings have important implications for understanding why families may have difficulty meeting basic and essential needs and how social networks may exacerbate the challenges of escaping poverty and establishing economic self-sufficiency.
Hope’s Objectives

Our reflection on hope that has an aim or target begins with the features of such targets. With apologies to Coleridge, however, hope does not, strictly speaking, have an “object.” What is hoped for is not a thing or an item, but rather a state of affairs or an event. Hope for a job is hope for my having a job; and similarly (when I’m lost in deep woods at sunset) hope for a light or hope for a trail is hope that I’ll see the light, find the trail. I hope, not that the hoped-for exist, but that it be in a certain kind of relationship with myself or others. I hope, not simply that there be a target, but that I hit it. Thus it is preferable for clarity’s sake to use hope-that rather than hope-for as the precise expression of hope, and to understand the targets of hoping not as things but as states of affairs or events — not as objects, but as objectives.
A "Layered Look" for Spherical Nanoparticles in Semicrystalline Polymers

Growing polymer crystals can concentrate nanoparticulate fillers into the amorphous layers between crystals, enhancing the stiffness of polymer−matrix nanocomposites.