cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overweight,obesity and nutrition knowledge attitude behavior of primary school students in Jiading District

Objective To explore the difference of nutrition knowledge attitude behavior difference between urban and rural primary school students and related influencing factors. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method,2 892 primary school students from grade 2 to grade 4 were recruited. Primary school students were physical monitoring and asked to fill in questionnaires. Results The rate of obesity among urban and rural primary school students was 16.85% and 16.23%,respectively. Nutrition knowledge level among the rural primary school students was significantly lower than the city primary school students. More rural primary school students did not eat breakfast, drink sodas or eat sweets. Proportion of willing to establishing good habits among rural primary school students and their parents was significantly lower than the city primary school students( P0.05). Conclusion Health education of nutrition knowledge should be strengthened to change unhealthy eating habits and cultivate good way of life among the rural primary school students.
Comparison between Sino-Germany Vocational Education Teacher-Training of China and Germany and Drawing on Experiences

To figure out problems of vocational education teachers in our country,the paper starts from analyzing teachers training procedure and knowledge structure in Germany to come up with measures accorded with our condition drawing on experiences of Germany.
Pediatric Teleneurology: A Model of Epilepsy Care for Rural Populations

Abstract Background Approximately 2.7 million individuals in the United States are affected by epilepsy. It is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages, races, and economic backgrounds. In many rural states, the few pediatric neurologists commonly practice in the metropolitan areas. The inadequate resources present challenges for families residing in rural areas or with limited transportation resources. One remedy for this situation is to deliver pediatric neurology services to rural areas through videoconferencing. Methods The University of Kansas Center for Telemedicine and Telehealth has been providing telemedicine consultations in various clinical specialties for 25 years, including mental health and teleneurology. On the basis of the telemedicine models provided at the University of Kansas Center for Telemedicine and Telehealth and other programs, we explain how to provide teleneurology services to rural communities while maintaining high quality care, including direction for assessing need, technology, privacy, administrative and clinical support, credentialing and legality, and sustainability. Conclusions We provide a protocol for teleneurology development, outlining examples of needed staff, and measures to ensure a smooth implementation and execution, ending with an example of the current teleneurology clinic provided at the University of Kansas Center for Telemedicine and Telehealth.
Multiplexed genotyping using a novel digitally inscribed bead-based system

21089 Background: Genotyping of clinical samples has been limited to low levels of multiplexing, ranging from one to a few dozen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per sample. By increasing mul...
The Challenges of Plasma Material Interactions in Nuclear Fusion Devices and Potential Solutions

AbstractPlasma Material Interactions in future fusion reactors have been identified as a knowledge gap to be dealt with before any next step device past ITER can be built. The challenges are manifold. They are related to power dissipation so that the heat fluxes to the plasma facing components can be kept at technologically feasible levels; maximization of the lifetime of divertor plasma facing components that allow for steady-state operation in a reactor to reach the neutron fluences required; the tritium inventory (storage) in the plasma facing components, which can lead to potential safety concerns and reduction in the fuel efficiency; and it is related to the technology of the plasma facing components itself, which should demonstrate structural integrity under the high temperatures and neutron fluence. This contribution will give an overview and summary of those challenges together with some discussion of potential solutions. New linear plasma devices are needed to investigate the PMI under fusion rea...
Free fatty acid flux measured using [1-11C]palmitate positron emission tomography and [U-13C]palmitate in humans.

PET radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) tissue uptake. Investigators often use PET scan-derived data to calculate FFA flux. We tested whether the [1-11C]palmitate P...
An Experimental Correlation of Cross-Flow Pressure Drop for Triangular Array Wire-Wrapped Rod Assemblies

An experimental study was carried out to quantitatively estimate the lateral drag changes due to flow structure alteration caused by the presence of wire-wrap spacers in liquid-metal fast breeder r...
Reasoning about what to plan

Agents plan in order to improve their performance. However, planning takes time and consumes resources that may in fact degrade an agents performance. Ideally, an agent should only plan when the expected improvement outweighs the expected cost and no resources should be expended on making this decision. To do this, an agent would have to be omniscient. The problem of how to approximate this ideal, without consuming too many resources in the process, is the meta-level control problem for a resource bounded rational agent.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor SD-3651 Reduces Proteinuria in MRL/lpr Mice Deficient in the NOS2 Gene

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of arginine analog nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor therapy in preventing and treating murine lupus nephritis. However, MRL/MpJ-FAS (MRL/lpr) mice lacking a functional NOS2 (inducible NOS [iNOS]) gene (NOS2) develop proliferative glomerulonephritis in a fashion similar to their wild-type (wt) littermates. This finding suggests that the effect of arginine analog NOS inhibitors is through a non-iNOS-mediated mechanism. This study was designed to address this hypothesis.NOS2 mice were given either vehicle or a NOS inhibitor (SD-3651) to determine if pharmacological NOS inhibition prevented glomerulonephritis, using wt mice as positive controls. Urine was collected fortnightly to measure albumin. At the time of full disease expression in wt mice, all mice were killed, and renal tissue was examined for light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic evidence of disease. Serum was analyzed for anti-double-stranded DNA antibody production.NOS2 mice had higher serum anti-double-stranded DNA antibody antibody levels than those of wt mice. SD-3651 therapy reduced proteinuria, glomerular immunoglobulin G deposition, and electron microscopic evidence of podocytopathy and endothelial cell swelling without affecting proliferative lesions by light microscopy.These studies confirm that genetic iNOS deficiency alone is insufficient to prevent proliferative glomerulonephritis and suggest that iNOS activity may inhibit autoantibody production. These results also suggest that SD-3651 therapy acts via a non-iNOS-mediated mechanism to prevent endothelial cell and podocyte pathology. Studies that elucidate this mechanism could provide a useful drug target for the treatment of nephritis.
PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as anthracene are ubiquitous pollutants that are normally not considered acutely toxic to aquatic organisms because they are only sparingly soluble in water. Thus, bioassays conducted under the usual laboratory conditions have resulted in estimates of acute toxicity that exceed the aqueous solubilities of PAH. However, these studies are usually conducted under conditions that minimize photodegradation, and therefore the potential to observe ecologically relevant photoinduced toxicity is eliminated. Studies under more ecologically relevant conditions in an illuminated artificial stream microcosm have demonstrated that anthracene is acutely toxic (100% mortality) to juvenile bluegill sunfish at 12 μg-l−1 in less than 9 h. This toxicity is more than 400 times greater than previously reported no-effect concentrations. Daphnia pulex are even more sensitive (LT50, time to 50% immobilization - 13 min at 1.2 pgl−1). These dramatic effects occur as a result of the interaction of bioaccumulated parent PAH and light, not the action of externally formed photodegradation products. Preliminary screening has indicated that benzo (a) pyrene is even more toxic than anthracene. We predict that 50% of the aquatic organisms in a lake will be immobilized at a depth of 7.25 m with a 1.2 μgl−1 anthracene concentration based on the use of the Bunsen-Roscoe Law of Reciprocity, the measured extinction coefficient for UVB in Lake Michigan (0.575 m−1), an average summer day length of 14 h, and the LT50 for Daphnia pulex. These effects, the depths at which they may be occurring, and the concentrations of PAH in the Great Lakes indicate that acute effects could be occurring at present in the Lakes. With expected increases in PAH load due to increased coal usage and increased ambient levels of solar UV due to depletion of the ozone layer, the potential exists for large effects in the Great Lakes and other aquatic systems.
Computational Models of Design Processes

This paper attempts three major tasks. The first is to give an overview of computational models of design processes. This provides a context for the second major task, to provide a descriptive review of the research on computational models of design being sponsored by the NSF Design Theory and Methodology Program. The third is to provide a critique of the Program and of the work being sponsored.
Tapered Fibers for Cell Studies

Optical fiber sensors are extensively used in monitoring physical, chemical and biochemical conditions (Mignanai and Baldini, 1995; Pilevar et al., 1998; Cullum et al., 2000). Specifically, these sensors have found a niche in the field of biosensors for the detection and classification of various tissue properties such as cell growth and decay, and presence or absence of pathogens, and others. Their potential use is important in obtaining information at a single cell or molecule level because such information may hold the key to the early detection and identification of cancer (Alfano et al., 1987; Tang et al. 1989; Pradhan et al. 1995) and early warning on bioterrorism brought on by pathogens (Vo-Dinh et al., 2000). For practical applications, these sensors must be small, must have the capability of being incorporated into an existing system such as an endoscope, and possess the ability to operate in the in vivo and in situ mode. The optical fibers fit these specific requirements and they can be engineered to be in the micro to nano size ranges for the localized sensing of biomaterials of interest (Lambelet et al., 1998)
Molecular mechanism of fibrosis and central role of cardiotonic steroids in uremic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Because of the plethora of genetic manipulations available in the mouse, we performed a partial nephrectomy in the mouse and examined whether the phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy described in humans and rats were also present in the murine model. Methods: A 5⁄6 nephrectomy was performed using a combination of electrocautory to decrease renal mass on the left kidney and right surgical nephrectomy. Results: This procedure produced substantial and persistent hypertension as well as increases in circulating concentrations of marinobufagenin. Invasive physiological measurements of cardiac function demonstrated that the 5⁄6 nephrectomy resulted in impairment of both active and passive left ventricular relaxation at 4 wk whereas tissue Doppler imaging detected changes in diastolic function after 6 wk. Morphologically, hearts demonstrated enlargement and progressive fibrosis, and biochemical measurements demonstrated downregulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase as well as increases in collagen-1, fibronectin, and vimentin expression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that partial nephrectomy in the mouse establishes a model of uremic cardiomyopathy which shares phenotypical features with the rat model as well as patients with chronic renal failure.
The Literature of Chemical Mutagenesis

Keeping aware of new developments in science today is not an easy task. Earlier, this was not a problem, because information could be obtained through communicating with colleagues and keeping abreast with published reports in prominent scientific journals. As science has advanced, these methods of acquiring information have become insufficient. The cause for this change has been the large volume of reports which reflect the technological advancements made in old and newly discovered research areas. This information increase has made it necessary to use our technical skills to develop adequate control measures to prohibit scientific information from becoming a mass of inaccessible, irretrievable, and duplicated work. The implementation of automated efforts in information control requires that scientists and other interested individuals stay familiar with the literature of their respective disciplines.
Five-Year Results of Endovascular Treatment with the Gore TAG Device Compared with Open Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

The Gore TAG pivotal trial was a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized phase II study that recruited surgical candidates with DTA from September 1999 through May 2001. One hundred and forty endovascular patients were enrolled. Ninety-four patients with DTA treated by open surgery were used as a control group. Of the 94 open surgical control patients, 44 were concurrent subjects and 50 were historic controls from the enrolling institutions. Details on the two populations have been previously described in the Gore TAG multicenter phase II Trial.1,2 The groups were not significantly different on pre-operative co-morbidities or presentation other than there were more symptomatic aneurysm patients in the open surgical group (38 vs. 21%, P = 0.007), and there were marginally more patients with cardiac histories in the TAG group (49 vs. 36%, P = 0.06). In May 2001, fractures of the longitudinal spine of the TAG graft were noted. The device was modified by eliminating the longitudinal wire and introducing a new stronger and less porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material. From January 2004 to June 2004, an additional 51 TEVAR patients were enrolled in a confirmatory TAG arm using the modified device, which is the currently marketed device.
W-Band and D-Band Traveling-Wave Tube Circuits Fabricated by 3D Printing

We present the fabrication and electromagnetic testing of serpentine waveguide traveling-wave tube amplifier circuits operating in the W-band (75-110 GHz) and D-band (110-170 GHz) frequency ranges. The circuit structures were fabricated in a split-block configuration in a photopolymer material using a commercial digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer and, subsequently, covered with a conducting layer by Au sputtering and Cu electroplating. Two-port S-parameter measurements of the W-band circuit demonstrate a transmission band from ~87-104 GHz, with a 26.7-dB return loss and a 0.55-dB insertion loss measured at 95 GHz. The D-band circuit demonstrates a transmission band from ~139 to 145 GHz, with a 21.5-dB return loss and a 2.4-dB insertion loss measured at 140 GHz.
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy to Facilitate Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Current Clinical Trials

Postmastectomy radiotherapy currently is used for locally advanced breast cancers that carry a high risk of locoregional failure. However, radiotherapy can have deleterious effects on immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) to facilitate postmastectomy IBR is an emerging new therapeutic sequence. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the current evidence on the feasibility and safety of this sequence. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 2018 was conducted, resulting in 592 records. The review included 18 retrospective and prospective studies of NART and IBR. The majority of the studies used whole-breast radiotherapy with 50 Gy, conventionally fractionated, and waited 6–8 weeks before surgery. The IBR methods were varied, with both implant and autologous reconstructions. No intraoperative complications occurred, and the postoperative complication rates ranged from 3 to 36%. The partial and total flap loss rates were very low. Studies reporting cosmetic outcomes rated the majority of cases as good or excellent. The pathologic complete response rates ranged from 17 to 55%, and the locoregional recurrence rates were low (≤ 10%), with a short follow-up period. The current MD Anderson Cancer Center prospective clinical trial is described. The initial results of NART and IBR demonstrate the safety of this treatment both technically and oncologically. Longer follow-up evaluation of these studies and larger prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to establish this new therapeutic sequence as a standard of care.
Unveiling nonischemic cardiomyopathies with cardiac magnetic resonance

Cardiomyopathy is defined as a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders with mechanical or electrical dysfunction. Identification of the etiology is important for accurate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, but continues to be challenging. The ability of cardiac MRI to non-invasively obtain 3D-images of unparalleled resolution without radiation exposure and to provide tissue characterization gives it a distinct advantage over any other diagnostic tool used for evaluation of cardiomyopathies. Cardiac MRI can accurately visualize cardiac morphology and function and also help identify myocardial edema, infiltration and fibrosis. It has emerged as an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in tertiary care centers for work up of patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. This review covers the role of cardiac MRI in evaluation of nonischemic cardiomyopathies, particularly in the context of other diagnostic and prognostic imaging modalities.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Prostate Abscess, Ten-Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Center.

Background Prostatic abscess (PA) is an uncommon infection that is generally secondary to Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In recent years, although rare, more reports of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PA have been reported, especially with increasing reports of bacteremia associated with injection drug use (IDU). Methods This was a retrospective review of adult patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2008 and 2018 and who had a diagnosis of S. aureus PA. Results Twenty-one patients were included. Average age was 46 years. Fourteen (67%) presented with genitourinary concerns. Main risk factors included concurrent skin or soft tissue infections in 52%, history of genitourinary disease or instrumentation in 48%, IDU in 38%, and diabetes mellitus in 38%. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was identified in 57% and concomitant bacteremia in 81% of patients. Surgical or a radiologically guided drainage was performed in 81% of patients. Antibiotic treatment duration ranged from 3 to 8 weeks. Six patients were lost to follow-up. Clinical resolution was observed in the remaining 15 (81%) patients who had follow-up. Conclusions S. aureus prostate abscess (PA) continues to be a rare complication of S.aureus infections. MRSA is the culprit in most published reports. In high risk patients with persistent bacteremia physicians need to consider the prostate as a site of infection.
A Brief History of Thermodynamics, As Illustrated by Books and People

The history of thermodynamics is briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on phases, phase equilibria, and the three laws. These themes are illustrated by tracing some of the books and people that...
A Framework for Naming the Scope and Nature of Teacher Candidate Supervision in Clinically-Based Teacher Preparation: Tasks, High-Leverage Practices, and Pedagogical Routines of Practice

This study introduces the scope and nature of teacher candidate (TC) supervision in an era of clinically-based teacher preparation. The findings emerged from a qualitative meta-analysis of 82 artic...
A Team Approach: Library Publishing Partnerships with Scholarly Societies

INTRODUCTION The journal publishing service at the University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries is structured to use a team-based approach that integrates subject specialists across the library. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Since 2012, the UF Libraries have worked in partnership with a number of scholarly societies to publish their research. The focus, to date, of academic library publishing on institutional publications belies potential partnerships with scholarly societies and organizations external to the library’s institution. Services provided, challenges faced, and examples of successful publishing partnerships with UF Libraries are described. The team approach enables the library to be innovative and nimble in response to publishing opportunities. Scholarly societies most interested in entering publishing contracts with the Libraries publishing program are those that share aspects of the library mission such as accessibility and innovation. NEXT STEPS Academic library publishing offers unique partnership opportunities for scholarly societies and external organizations that are mutually beneficial and that complement library publishing of institutional material.
Thoracic caudal epidural catheter localization using ultrasound guidance

Caudal epidural catheters provide exceptional analgesia while avoiding or minimizing opioids. Historically, the catheter tip location (dermatomal level) was estimated or verified via epidurogram. According to the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Database, the majority of caudal-to-thoracic epidural catheters are placed without imaging guidance or verification of the position of the catheter tip. Ponde et al demonstrated that catheter insertion depth was longer when using ultrasound guidance than when estimated by external measurement. We report a simple yet novel ultrasound approach for catheter localization.
Trajectories of Change and Intermediate Indicators of Non-Response to Transdiagnostic Treatment for Children and Adolescents

Objective: In the current study, we sought to identify distinct trajectories of symptom change and mid-treatment tailoring variables for the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children (UP-C) and Adolescents (UP-A), with the goal of providing empirical data to guide the implementation of adaptive and personalized interventions using this approach.Method: Participants were 94 youth ages 7-17 (M = 13.36, 56.40% female) who completed the UP-C or UP-A. Participants received a diagnostic assessment at baseline and completed symptoms measures at mid-treatment and post-treatment assessments.Results: Growth mixture modeling revealed three distinct classes of responders based on youth-reported and parent-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, with two of these classes exhibiting significant slope variability. Overall baseline global severity, age, and comorbid social anxiety were significantly associated with class membership, while gender and presence of a comorbid obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder were marginally associated with class membership. An 8-12% reduction in emotion disorder symptoms best predicted likelihood of post-treatment response.Conclusions: Results enhance our understanding of trajectories of response to transdiagnostic treatment and help to inform the development and implementation of more streamlined and personalized treatment approaches.
Three funerary inscriptions from Roman Tripolitania and observations on tombs in the Jefara plain

This article provides the edition and commentary of two Punic and one Latin funerary inscription of Roman imperial date from inland areas of Tripolitania. The first two texts were discovered at Al-Brahama village in the vicinity of Al-Rujban in the Western Jebel district of Libya. The first is neo-Punic, the second is Latin. The neo-Punic inscription consists of seven lines, of which the first four lines are legible and their translation is unproblematic. However, the rest are illegible as a result of damage to the stone. The Latin inscription consists of four lines that are easy to read and translate. Finally a reinterpretation of an already published text (HNPI Tarhuna N1) from the area between Tarhuna and Garyan is presented, and some observations on tombs in the Jefara plain.
Prebiotically Plausible Activation Chemistry Compatible with Non-enzymatic RNA Copying

The nonenzymatic replication of ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotides may have enabled the propagation of genetic in-formation during the origin of life. RNA copying can be initiated in the laboratory with chemically activated nucleotides, but continued copying requires a source of chemical energy for in situ nucleotide activation. Recent work has illuminated a potentially prebiotic cyanosulfidic chemistry that activates nucleotides, but its application to nonenzymatic RNA copying remains a challenge. Here we report a novel pathway that enables the activation of RNA nucleotides in a manner that is com-patible with template-directed nonenzymatic polymerization. We show that this pathway selectively yields the reactive imid-azolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate required for nonenzymatic template-directed RNA copying. Our results will enable more realistic prebiotic chemical simulations of RNA copying based on continuous in situ nucleotide activation.
Circulating microRNAs differentiate Kawasaki Disease from infectious febrile illnesses in childhood.

Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of unknown etiology in children that can lead to coronary artery lesions (CAL) in 25% of untreated patients. There is currently no diagnostic test for KD, and the clinical presentation is often difficult to differentiate from other febrile childhood illnesses. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that control gene expression by inducing transcript degradation or by blocking translation. We hypothesize that the expression of circulating miRNAs will differentiate KD from non-KD febrile illnesses in children. Methods Circulating miRNA profiles from 84 KD patients and 29 non-KD febrile controls (7 viral and 22 bacterial infections) were evaluated. 3 ul of serum from each subject was submitted to 3 freeze/heat cycles to ensure miRNA release from microvesicles or interaction with serum proteins. miRNAs were reverse transcribed using a pool of primers specific for each miRNA. Real-time PCR reactions were performed in a 384 well plate containing sequence-specific primers and TaqMan probes in the ABI7900. ‘. Results KD patients (3.6 ± 2.2 yrs., 58% male) were found to have a unique circulating miRNA profile, including upregulation of miRNA-210-3p, −184, and -19a-3p (p Conclusions Circulating miRNAs can differentiate KD from infectious febrile childhood diseases, supporting their potential as a diagnostic biomarker for KD.
Otoscopic evaluation of epithelial remnants in the tympanic cavity after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy.

Objective To determine the ability to detect the presence of epithelial remnants after total ear canal ablation (TECA) and lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) with endoscopy and to identify the most common locations of epithelial remnants after tympanic curettage. Study design Experimental study. Animals Five fresh canine cadavers with no gross evidence of middle ear disease. Methods Ten TECA-LBO were performed by four surgeons. After tympanic curettage, a 1.9-mm rigid 30° endoscope was inserted into the rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral, and medial sections of the tympanic cavity. Three observers evaluated otoscopic images for epithelial remnants in each compartment. The median distribution of epithelial remnants was calculated for each section of the tympanic cavity with a three-dimensional tympanic cavity model. Results Epithelial remnants were identified in at least one of the five areas of the tympanic cavity after each TECA-LBO. The rostral section contained the most epithelial remnants (35.6%), while the medial section contained the least amount (1.8%). Conclusion Use of a 1.9-mm rigid endoscope was an effective method to evaluate all sections of the tympanic cavity after curettage in TECA-LBO. Epithelial remnants were consistently found after TECA-LBO, especially in the rostral compartment. Clinical significance Intraoperative endoscopy should be considered to improve removal of epithelium after initial TECA-LBO or revision surgeries.
Differential risks of changes in seizure frequency with transitions between hormonal and non-hormonal contraception in women with epilepsy: A prospective cohort study.

Abstract This prospective, observational, cohort study of 101 women with epilepsy (WWE) assesses the seizure safety of systemic hormonal contraception (HC) versus non-HC (NHC). It reports risks of changes in seizure frequency associated with transition from NHC to HC relative to HC to NHC for (1) proportions of WWE with ≥50% increase and decrease in seizure frequency, (2) changes in seizure frequency, (3) changes in seizure severity, and 4) changes in AED regimen during the study. In comparing NHC to HC versus HC to NHC, NHC to HC had greater risk of ≥50% increase in seizure frequency: RR = 1.98 (1.07–3.64), p = 0.03 and lower risk of ≥50% decrease in seizure frequency: RR = 0.42 (0.22 = 0.83), p = 0.01. These risks were particularly notable for oral contraceptive pill: RR = 2.91 (1.26–6.72), p = 0.01 and RR = 0.54 (0.30–0.97), p = 0.04, respectively. Median monthly seizure frequency (MMSF) increased 302.0% (p = 0.0019) with transition from NHC to HC. MMSF decreased 81.9% with change from HC to NHC (p = 0.001). RR for change in seizure type from milder to more severe type was greater for NHC to HC: RR = 3.32 (1.07–10.27), p = 0.04. Change in AED regimen was not a significant factor. The findings suggest further prospective study to assess whether HC, especially oral contraceptive pill, poses a greater risk of increased seizures than NHC.
An Organic Capsule as a Matrix to Capture and Store Reactive Molecules at Room Temperature in Aqueous Solution: 7-cis-β-Ionone†.

Low-temperature m atrix isolation method is the most popular one to generate and store reactive molecules and characterize them by in situ IR spectroscopy. Recognizing the need for a simpler method to trap and store such molecules and characterize by NMR spectroscopy at room temperature in solution, we have performed experiments exploring the value of water-soluble octa acid (OA) capsule as a storage vessel. The molecule we have chosen to illustrate the feasibility is the highly hindered 7-cis-β-ionone, which has been established to exist in equilibrium with its cyclic form with the later favored at room temperature. In this study, we have shown that confined space can be an alternative to temperature to tilt an equilibrium toward higher energy isomer. During the course of the study, we were surprised to note that 7-trans-β-ionone aggregates in water and has distinct 1 H NMR spectra. Ability to assemble characterizable organic aggregates in water reveals the value of water as a reaction medium that is yet to be fully explored by photochemists. Finally, we have clarified the likely mechanism of secondary photoreaction of α-pyran to the final photoproduct that involves 1,5-hydrogen migration.
Reported practice patterns in the ambulatory care setting for patients with CHD.

Introduction In the absence of evidence-based guidelines, paediatric cardiologists monitor patients in the ambulatory care setting largely according to personal, patient, institutional, and/or financial dictates, all of which likely contribute to practice variability. Minimising practice variability may optimise quality of care while incurring lower costs. We sought to describe self-reported practice patterns and physician attitudes about factors influencing their testing strategies using vignettes describing common scenarios in the care of asymptomatic patients with tetralogy of Fallot and d-transposition of the great arteries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of paediatric cardiologists attending a Continuing Medical Educational conference and at our centre. The survey elicited physician characteristics, self-reported testing strategies, and reactions to factors that might influence their decision to order an echocardiogram. Results Of 267 eligible paediatric cardiologists, 110 completed the survey. The majority reported performing an annual physical examination (66-82%), electrocardiogram (74-79%), and echocardiogram (56-76%) regardless of patient age or severity of disease. Other tests (i.e. Holter monitors, exercise stress tests or cardiac MRIs) were ordered less frequently and less consistently. We observed within physician consistency in frequency of test ordering. In vignettes of younger children with mild disease, higher frequency testers were younger than lower frequency testers. Conclusions These results suggest potential practice pattern variability, which needs to be further explored in real-life settings. If clinical outcomes for patients followed by low frequency testers match that of high frequency testers, then room to modify practice patterns and lower costs without compromising quality of care may exist.
Is There a Duty to Die

Most discussions about someone terminating her own life tend to focus either on utilitarian considerations or rights. For the latter, a number of people argue over whether we have a right to die , which I take to mean an entitlement to choose to end one’s own life. I see at least two problems with the right to die approach. Unfortunately, many arguments and positions are based primarily on the intuitions of those engaged, and therefore often turn into intuition pump battles. Secondly, basing arguments on rights gets us mired in the same problems that any rights talk encounters including, but not limited to, whether they are positive or negative, whether they can be overridden, and what justifies such a right. In this chapter, I am going to argue for a position that makes worries about a right to die moot. If there is an obligation at certain times and in certain circumstances to die, then a right to die is irrelevant. Moreover, if an obligation to die is possible, then it necessarily follows that choosing to die is morally right on some occasions. Doing what is right generally cannot be proscribed by others so it does not matter if there is a right to die.
Low frequency acoustic characteristics of periodic honeycomb cellular cores: The effect of relative density and strain fields

Abstract Aluminum honeycomb cores, widely used in lightweight composite sandwich structures, are inherently weak and highly susceptible to buckling, permanent deformation and damage. This damage can detrimentally affect the structural integrity of sandwich structures and should be detected and repaired. Detecting damage to honeycomb cores is difficult as cores are sandwiched between composite sheets and not accessible. Typically, for such scenario a non-destructive testing method such as ultrasound is appealing. However, with the periodic and porous structure of honeycomb cores, at ultrasound frequencies they are dispersive and exhibit high transmission loss; thus they are incompatible with standard ultrasound techniques. Conversely, at sub-ultrasound frequencies honeycomb cores are less dispersive. Therefore low frequency elastic waves can potentially be used to non-destructively inspect honeycomb cores. To enable low frequency non-destructive testing of honeycombs, it is instrumental first to characterize their sub-ultrasound wave propagation and dispersion characteristics. Accordingly, this work, using finite element analysis, provides insights into the propagation characteristics of low frequency acoustic elastic waves in aluminum honeycomb cores in terms of phase velocity; dispersion and directionality characteristics; and frequency band gaps. Also, the effect of relative density and defects in the form of deformation on sub-ultrasound wave characteristics are explored.
SU-E-J-246: CT-Based Volumetric Features Are Associated with Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancer

Purpose: Subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are driven by mutations in key oncogenes, with unique biology including susceptibility to targeted treatment. Additionally, those mutations could lead to phenotypic differences of the primary tumor that can be assess with quantitative imaging. In this study, we investigated whether somatic mutation are associated with, and hence can be predicted by CT tumor volume-based features of NSCLC patients. Methods: We included 117 NSCLC patients with treatment-planning CT scans in our analysis and clinical genotyping for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) oncogenes. We extracted four volumetric features describing volume and diameters (x/y axis and 3D) of the primary tumor. Volumetric differences between mutant and wild-type tumors were assessed using Wilcoxon test. Predictive value of the volumetric features for mutation status was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Genotype distribution included 14 (12%) EGFR mutant, 35 (30%) KRAS mutant, and 68 (58%) wild-type tumors. All volumetric features for EGFR mutant were significantly (p-value <0.05) lower than for KRAS mutant and Wild-Type. No volumetric features were significantly different between KRAS and Wild-Type. The median (Q1–Q3) for volume was 10.2(6.1– 29.6), 39.3(14.3–89.7) and 49(10.7–119) for EGFR, KRAS and Wild-Type respectively. All volumetric features were also significant predictive features for EGFR mutation with median (range) AUC of 0.69(0.67–0.70) and all p-value<0.05. However, the AUC was only 0.51(0.50–0.51) for KRAS mutation. Conclusion: EGFR mutant primary tumors were significantly smaller (for all volumetric features) than KRAS or Wild-Type. Moreover, all volumetric features were significantly predictive for EGFR. KRAS and Wild-type could not be discriminated only based on volumetric features. A larger set of imaging features (e.g. Radiomics) would help find more predictive biomarkers for tumor mutation status.
Bridging the Gap Between Information Theory and Wireless Networking

In 1948 Shannon [1] addressed the fundamental problem of reliable communication over an unreliable channel. Shannon made three major contributions. First he provided the right formulation of the problem. Second, he provided the tools to study this problem. Third, he provided the answer.
Arab Muslim Identity Transmission: Parents and Youth

Copyright 1989, Association of Arab-American University Graduates. This is a pre-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the edited journal Arab Studies Quarterly following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available through the Association of Arab-American University Graduates: http://www.emich.edu/asquarterly/. See also: http://www.eself-learning-arabic.cornell.edu/publications.htm#4
Wrack promotes the persistence of fecal indicator bacteria in marine sands and seawater.

Algae on freshwater beaches can serve as reservoirs for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Wrack (especially kelp) at marine beaches might sustain FIB as well. This study examines the relationship between beach wrack, FIB, and surrounding water and sediment at marine beaches along the California coast. Surveys of southern and central California beaches were conducted to observe environmental wrack-associated FIB concentrations. FIB concentrations normalized to dry weight were the highest in stranded dry wrack, followed by stranded wet and suspended ‘surf’ wrack. Laboratory microcosms were conducted to examine the effect of wrack on FIB persistence in seawater and sediment. Indigenous enterococci and Escherichia coli incubated in a seawater microcosm containing wrack showed increased persistence relative to those incubated in a microcosm without wrack. FIB concentrations in microcosms containing wrack-covered sand were significantly higher than those in uncovered sand after several days. These findings implicate beach wrack as an important FIB reservoir. The presence of wrack may increase water and sediment FIB levels, altering the relationship between FIB levels and actual health risk while possibly leading to beach closures. Further work will need to investigate the possibility of FIB growth on wrack and the potential for pathogen presence.
Branding Chinese Products: Between Nationalism and Transnationalism

This paper examines how Chinese advertisers sell both nationalism and transnationalism through an in-depth investigation of recent Chinese ads in the context of China’s search for modernity and its historical and contemporary relations with the West. I argue that the marketing of nationalism and transnationalism represents contradictory concepts of China as a nation and state. It also symbolizes China’s deep anxiety and ambivalence toward its own tradition and global capitalism. On one hand, Chinese advertisers sell nationalism through celebrating Chinese history, contemporary events and Chinese lineage. On the other hand, Chinese advertisers use Western symbols and values to elevate the status of advertised products. Chinese advertisers also sell a hybrid form of nationalism and transnationalism in an attempt to reconcile Chineseness with global capitalism. To some extent, nationalism and transnationalism have become competing sites for ideas about China as a nation and state and how China should deal with a globalized world where the power relation between China and the West is still unequal.
A prospective, controlled study of maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic infection at term

A study was made of the outcome for mothers and their neonates with both clinical and bacteriologic evidence of intra-amniotic infection at term. Samples of amniotic fluid from patients with intra-amniotic infection showed greater than 10(2) colony-forming units per milliliter of a high-virulence isolate, whereas samples from control patients showed no growth or low-virulence isolates only. Control patients were uninfected during labor and were matched on the basis of gestational age, interval from rupture of membranes to delivery, and mode of delivery. There were 67 matched pairs. The mean interval from diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection to delivery was 3.1 +/- 2.2 hours (+/- SD). Mothers with intra-amniotic infection had a significantly longer hospital stay and greater fever index after delivery than did control patients. Intrapartum bacteremia was documented in six of 50 (12%) women with intra-amniotic infection. The cesarean birth rate was 36%. There was one case of probable septic shock and one of postpartum hemorrhage among women with intra-amniotic infection. Infants in the intra-amniotic infection group had a significantly longer hospital stay than did the control infants. Among 59 infants for whom blood culture results were available, bacteremia was documented in five (8%) with intra-amniotic infection. Definite radiographic evidence of pneumonia was present in 4%; there were no cases of meningitis. There was one perinatal death in the intra-amniotic infection group. Overall, the maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic infection at term was excellent.
Profiling ileal immune response genes in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and adenovirus infection (INM7P.432)

Recent studies have shown that an interaction among high-fat diet (HF), gut microbiota and the immune system evokes chronic inflammation in both intestinal and adipose tissues. To profile signature genes regulated by HF and intestinal infection, we induced obese rats by feeding a HF plus a human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) infection. Compared to control groups, rats in the HF and HF plus Ad-36 groups showed significant increases in body weight, adiposity index, as well as intestinal permeability at 8 weeks post treatment. RNA-Seq analysis was used to examine the comparative transcriptome of ileal samples from animals of each group. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified 3,998 genes significantly regulated among treated and control rats. Genome-wide examination of innate immune genes was used to cluster significantly up- and down-regulated DEGs, which might mediate chronic inflammation involved in obesity stimulated by HF and Ad-36 infection. In addition, we identified other prominent DEGs pertinent to transcription factors, steroid/cholesterol /lipid metabolism, as well as many functionally uncharacterized transcripts. Interestingly, pathway analysis suggested that the circadian rhythm and intestinal immune network for IgA production were significantly regulated pathways related to obesity. In summary, our findings identified early gene regulation occurring in the intestine during obesity and viral infection that may influence intestinal inflammation.
Toxic Reactions and Clinical Usefulness of Diphenylhydantoin

On October 22, 1962, an article appeared in the Medical Tribune entitled "Warming formula seen unnecessary in baby feeding." Subsequently, in another article on October 29, 1962, in the same publication, there was another article entitled "Cold-bottle school likely to prevail, experts feel." Both of these articles are comments about the feeding of cold formulas instead of those traditionally heated to body temperatures. The first work done in this direction was by Dr. John P. Gibson of Abilene, Texas. In the winter of 1958-9, Dr. L. Emmet Holt, Jr., Professor of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, and Dr. Saul Krugman, Director of Pediatrics at the Bellevue Hospital, conducted a study, comparing the feeding of warm and cold formulas.
A demonstration of the effect of seasonal migration on fertility

Fertility estimates were calculated using own children data from the Mexican migrant town of Guadalupe, Michoacan. In this town, 75 percent of families have a member working in the United States, and wives are often regularly separated from their migrant husbands. Simulations by Menken (1979) and Bongaarts and Potter (1979) suggest that fertility among these women should be depressed. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the seasonal absence of migrant husbands disrupted both the level and timing of fertility. However, the effect was greater for legal than for illegal migrants, a pattern that stemmed from social factors as well as physical separation. A logistic regression analysis showed that reductions in birth probabilities are greater the longer a couple is separated, and that these reductions are in the range expected from prior simulations.
Analytical Approach to Calculate Rate of Bank Erosion

Bank erosion consists of two processes: basal erosion due to fluvial hydraulic force and bank failure under the influence of gravity. Because bank resistance force varies with the degree of saturation of bank material, the probability of bank failure is the probability of the driving force of bank failure being greater than the bank resistance force. The degree of saturation of bank material increases with river stage; therefore, the frequency of bank failure is correlated to the frequency of flooding. Consequently, the rate of bank erosion is due to both basal erosion and bank failure, and bank failure is a probabilistic phenomenon. In this paper, for cohesive bank material experiencing planar bank failure, a deterministic approach was adopted for basal erosion analysis, whereas the probability of bank failure was included in the analysis of bank failure. A method for calculating the rate of bank erosion was derived that integrates both basal erosion and bank failure processes, and accounts for the effects of hydraulic force, bank geometry, bank material properties, and probability of bank failure.