cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen-Mediated Protection in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Before menopause, a woman has a relatively low risk for developing cardiovascular disease. After menopause, however, the risk increases nearly twofold and cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of death among women. Observational trials and studies in animal models of cardiovascular disease suggested that females have reduced injury after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, two large clinical trials, the women’s health initiative (WHI) and the heart estrogen and progestin replacement study (HERS), found an increase in cardiovascular incidences in women taking hormone replacement therapy. The discrepancy between these data highlights the need for further research on the mechanism of estrogen in the cardiovascular system. Animal studies have demonstrated protective effects by endogenous estrogen (gender differences) and also by the administration of exogenous estrogen. In vivo studies suggest a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of estrogen. Exogenous estrogen has been shown to have anti-oxidant activities. Pre-treatment with estrogen prior to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion causes a decrease in neutrophil infiltration into the irreversibly injured myocardium, decrease in C-reactive protein expression, and deposition of the membrane attack complex. This review will summarize the protection afforded by estrogen as well as discuss several possible mechanisms of protection for exogenous estrogen administration.
Augmentative Communication Employment Training and Supports (ACETS)

Although technological, clinical, and legislative advances should be opening new worlds of employment opportunities for people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, these advances have not yet led to higher employment rates. Augmentative Communication Employment Training and Supports (ACETS) is an innovative program designed to increase the employment outcomes for people who use AAC. ACETS aims to support people in reaching their employment goals by providing training and follow-up supports designed to increase their skills, experiences, and social networks related to employment. In this article, we describe an intervention involving the ACETS program and discuss the positive outcomes that appear to result from this program, including an increase in the employment of participants and increased employment-related skills and experiences.
Structure of an OhrR-ohrA Operator Complex Reveals the DNA Binding Mechanism of the MarR Family

The mechanisms by which Bacillus subtilis OhrR, a member of the MarR family of transcription regulators, binds the ohrA operator and is induced by oxidation of its lone cysteine residue by organic hydroperoxides to sulphenic acid are unknown. Here, we describe the crystal structures of reduced OhrR and an OhrR-ohrA operator complex. To bind DNA, OhrR employs a chimeric winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif, which is composed of extended eukaryotic-like wings, prokaryotic helix-turn-helix motifs, and helix-helix elements. The reactivity of the peroxide-sensing cysteine is not modulated by proximal basic residues but largely by the positive dipole of helix alpha1. Induction originates from the alleviation of intersubunit steric clash between the sulphenic acid moieties of the oxidized sensor cysteines and nearby tyrosines and methionines. The structure of the OhrR-ohrA operator complex reveals the DNA binding mechanism of the entire MarR family and suggests a common inducer binding pocket.
Low Noise Preamplifier for Simultaneous High Resolution Energy & Time Measurement with Semiconductor Detectors

A new charge sensitive preamplifier permits state of the art timing with semiconductor detectors without compromising energy resolution. The compromises that are involved in previous methods of obtaining amplitude and time information are avoided by using a single input FET followed by fast, low noise circuitry. With the same input transistor the noise in the "energy" channel is the same to within a few per cent as for the best room temperature preamplifiers. There are two timing outputs. The faster of these is voltage sensitive and has a rise time of 2 nsec. The slower output, which is obtained from the output of the charge sensitive loop, has a rise time of less than 5 nsec for external input capacities up to 50 pF with 0.5 pF feedback capacitor. The leading edge response can be adjusted to approach an exponential function with a time constant as low as 6 nsec. This property is desirable when timing with thick detectors that have a fluctuating charge collection time, where it is necessary to trigger near the base line.
Mechanisms of DNA topoisomerase I-induced cell killing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

: DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) catalyzes the relaxation of supercoiled DNA by a mechanism of transient DNA strand cleavage characterized by the formation of a phosphotyrosyl bond between the DNA end and active site tyrosine. Camptothecin reversibly stabilizes the covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate by inhibiting DNA religation. During S-phase, collisions with advancing replication forks convert these complexes into potentially lethal lesions. To define the DNA damage induced by alterations in Top1p catalysis and the cellular processes that mediate the repair of such lesions, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used. Substitution of conserved residues N-terminal to the active site tyrosine (Tyr-727) produced alterations in the camptothecin sensitivity or catalytic cycle of DNA Top1. For example, substituting Ala for Thr-722 in Top1T722A increased the stability of the covalent enzyme DNA intermediate. As with camptothecin, Top1T722A-induced cytotoxicity was ascribed to a reduction in DNA religation. By contrast, enhanced covalent complex formation by Top1N726H resulted from a relative increase in the rate of DNA cleavage. Conditional yeast mutants were also selected that exhibit temperature-sensitive growth only in the presence of the self-poisoning Top1T722A enzyme. Subsequent analyses of these tah mutants identified 9 genes whose function suppresses the cytotoxic action of camptothecin and Top1T722A. These include genes encoding essential DNA replication proteins (CDC45 and DPB11) and proteins involved in SUMO- or ubiquitination (UBC9 and DOA4).
Psyttalia lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), potential biological control agent for the olive fruit fly in California

Abstract The African parasitoid Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) was evaluated as part of a classical biological control program directed at the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), in California, USA. Experimental assessment using three non-target species provided some evidence that P. lounsburyi restricts its host use to B. oleae. Female P. lounsburyi preferentially searched olives infested with mature third-instar B. oleae, over other non-target plants, but most offspring were reared from olives containing younger (second through young third instar) B. oleae larvae. Developmental time (egg to adult) and adult longevity were significantly affected by temperature and sex, with males tending to develop faster and females living longer, especially in the lower ranges of temperatures tested. The mean longevity of adult female P. lounsburyi was greatest when honey was available and lowest when they were provided water alone or nothing. The presence of hosts significantly decreased longevity. Females produced an average of 10.2 ± 2.6 progeny during their lifetimes, which was lower than expected for a parasitoid adapted to B. oleae and may be a consequence of increased fruit size—the result of cultivation and selection—reducing parasitoid effectiveness on cultivated vs. wild fruit, as well as constraints on oviposition behavior imposed by experimental design. The results are discussed with respect to the use of P. lounsburyi as a biological control agent for olive fruit fly in California.
Supply integration: An investigation of its multi-dimensionality and relational antecedents

Abstract Integration in the supply chain has been conceptualized and researched from multiple perspectives. In this study, we empirically examine the multi-dimensionality of supply integration and explore its relational antecedents. Analyses of data collected from 276 manufacturing companies show support for formulating supply integration as a multi-faceted construct that includes investments, practices and structures that support materials/goods flow, information flow, planning and control, and organization. Hypotheses that link trust, commitment and mutual dependence to supply integration are supported; while a projected negative association between dependence asymmetry and supply integration is not. In addition to the relational antecedents, organizational size is also found to have a strong influence on the level of supply integration between manufacturing firms and their suppliers.
A comparison of DAF-induced disfluencies with stuttering.

Abstract Although many authors in the past have claimed that disfluencies produced by normal speakers under delayed auditory feedback (DAF) are a laboratory version of stuttering, there has been little systematic research to support such a claim. The present study investigated the frequency of part-word repetitions, word repetitions, and phrase repetitions in a group of normal-speaking subjects under 200 msec of bilateral DAF. The results showed that DAF-induced disfluencies, at least on a descriptive level, are similar in form to those of stuttering but differ from stuttering in the loci of occurrence in the speech sequence.
The Bureau of Mines Shock-Prevention Research Program - An Overview

The purpose of the US Department of Interior's Bureau of Mines shock-prevention research program is to improve general electrical safety in mines by preventing shock and electrocution through investigation of protective devices and equipment design. Research has focused on several key areas having underground and surface application. Recent results are highlighted and current projects summarized for sensitive ground, fault protection, dead front construction, shielded trailing cables, earth grounding, and overhead powerline safety.
Hydrogen migration on Alumina/Palladium catalysts for benzene hydrogenation

Abstract Benzene was hydrogenated in a slug reactor at 150 °C with hydrogen passing continuously over a catalyst consisting of mixtures of alumina and of palladium supported on alumina. As the metal-supported catalyst was diluted with alumina, the percentage hydrogenation per milligram palladium in the catalyst increased and approached a limiting factor of improvement of about three for a dilution of 200 1 or more. To account for this dilution effect, a model is suggested whereby the catalyst granules form a close-packed array and intergranular hydrogen migration occurs through about three layers of the array. Assuming that only the geometric area of the alumina is active, we estimated that the migration distance of chemically reactive hydrogen is about 0.5 mm and the fractional surface coverage of the hydrogen on alumina is as much as 3 × 10−2.
The future of optics in supercomputers

In the past decade rack-to-rack cables in the worlds largest computers have gone from being all electrical to all optical. The optimal strategy for tomorrow's supercomputers will be to exploit those technologies, such as optics, which continue to evolve. Several factors drive the spread of optics within the supercomputer. First, the supercomputer's network doesn't scale well, meaning that for constant optical bandwidth per node, the network's all-to-all bandwidth drops as the number of network nodes increases. Next, until we can integrate high speed optics right into the processor chips, bandwidth off the processor will be limited by the number of I/O cells. Since it will be hard to drastically increase the number of I/O cells on a chip of fixed size, we will have to run I/O cells faster, leading to the maximal electrical channel length becoming shorter, and leading to more I/O channels being converter to optics. This greater demand for optics in the system will be tempered by cost. Cost improvement in optics will not, however, come only from improvements in optics technology. It will also be determined by the evolution of optical standards and optical packaging. Optical packaging will evolve from the separable electrical-optical-electrical cable, to the active optical cable, to the all-optical router/switch chip, to the ultimate goal of making the optical connection at the processor chip. Many a supercomputer system is designed around the network and the connectors, and a 1st-level module to waveguide connector, coupled with an optical connector at the tailstock, should be the most effective combination for improving network performance of future systems.
Software project management using PROMPT: A hybrid metrics, modeling and utility framework

In this paper, we present a 'forward-looking' decision support framework that integrates up-to-date metrics data with simulation models of the software development process in order to support the software project management control function. This forward-looking approach (called the PROMPT method) provides predictions of project performance and the impact of various management decisions. Tradeoffs among performance measures are accomplished using outcome based control limits (OBCLs) and are augmented using multi-criteria utility functions and financial measures of performance to evaluate various process alternatives. The decision support framework enables the program manager to plan, manage and track current software development activities in the short term and to take corrective action as necessary to bring the project back on track. The model provides insight on potential performance impacts of the proposed corrective actions. A real world example utilizing a software process simulation model is presented.
Currents induced in the human body by high voltage transmission line electric field&#2014;Measurement and calculation of distribution and dose

Electric field measurement provides a basis for calculating the induced human body currents. Distributed body current calculation procedures are presented for an erect human on the ground and on a tower leg in a working position. An electric field dosimeter measurement provided a basis for calculating the time integral of induced body currents. Practical measurements show a much lower electric field exposure than that calculated on the basis of the maximum field in a work area. This work also enables researchers to relate biological research to practical electric field induced currents in humans.
Amplitudes and crossing relations in isospin

A systematic group-theoretical method is used to determine the isotopic spin amplitudes and crossing relations for processes involving particles with arbitrary isotopic spins. For two-body reactions, the scalar amplitudes and the crossing matrices are explicitly given up to I=3/2.
Jak3 Is Associated with CD40 and Is Critical for CD40 Induction of Gene Expression in B Cells

CD40 is a receptor that is critical for the survival, growth, differentiation, and isotype switching of B lymphocytes. Although CD40 lacks intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, its ligation induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which is necessary for several CD40-mediated events. We show that engagement of CD40 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Jak3 as well as of STAT3. Jak3 is constitutively associated with CD40, and this interaction requires a proline-rich sequence in the membrane-proximal region of CD40. Deletion of this sequence abolishes the capacity of CD40 to induce expression of CD23, ICAM-1, and lymphotoxin-alpha genes in B cells. These results indicate that signaling through Jak3 is activated by CD40 and plays an important role in CD40-mediated functions.
Paraplegia in the rat induced by aortic cross-clamping: Model characterization and glucose exacerbation of neurologic deficit

Spinal cord damage caused by ischemia is a serious, underappreciated, and relatively refractory problem in clinical practice. Research is hampered by a lack of experimental models that appropriately mimic clinical situations. A new model of paraplegia in the rat is presented and evaluated by standard neurologic deficit scoring (1, 4, 18, and 24 hours after occlusion) and by computerized activity monitoring (1 and 18 hours after occlusion). Rats underwent temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta for 10, 15, or 20 minutes. Experimental groups received glucose (2 gm/kg) and demonstrated a significant elevation in blood glucose (p = 0.001) and were significantly more neurologically impaired at all four time periods (p less than or equal to 0.005) than the ischemic control group, which received equivalent volumes of normal saline solution. Significant differences in neurologic deficit were noted with direct clinical examination and computerized activity monitoring. With the use of the latter system, statistical differences were detected in total distance traveled and number of vertical movements. We conclude the following: (1) Paraplegia is reliably and reproducibly achieved in this rat model; (2) because of the rat's more extensive behavioral repertoire when compared with other models of spinal ischemia (e.g., rabbit), more end points can be monitored and more subtle behavioral deficits discerned; (3) computerized activity monitoring can distinguish varying degrees of neurologic deficit and correlates with clinical neurologic deficit scoring; and (4) glucose exacerbates paraplegia in this model.
Public Management Mentoring: What Affects Outcomes?

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Bozeman, B., & Feeney, M. K. (2009). Public management mentoring: What affects outcomes? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(2), 427 is available online at: DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mun007
IgM anticoagulant with acquired abnormalities in factor VIII.

Abstract The effects of an IgM lupus anticoagulant on coagulation tests and factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag) were investigated in a 62 year old man with lymphocytic lymphoma. He experienced no abnormal bleeding despite a prothrombin time of 29 seconds, PTT 84 seconds and inhibition of multiple coagulation factors. One course of chemotherapy induced a clinical response, normalization of coagulation studies and a rapid fall in IgM from 1120 to
Practical headway limitations for personalised automated-transit systems

Continued interest in short-headway personalised automatic-transit systems as one solution to urban congestion and pollution emphasises the need for a careful analysis of the constraints which limit minimum headway. This paper reviews the major factors to be considered in determining minimum headways and indicates the changes in hardware, or operating policy, necessary to reduce the allowable minimum. The paper suggests that fixed-block separation detection be replaced by a moving-block type if headways are to be reduced much below 10 s. Headways of the order of five seconds can be achieved by replacing conventional fixed-force brakes with constant-deceleration emergency brakes. Operation at still shorter headways will require assurance of limited maximum failure deceleration and, perhaps, acceptance of controlled collisions.
Adaptive Control of Multi-Agent Systems for Finding Peaks of Unknown Fields

In this paper, we consider a deterministic adaptive control framework to design and analyze a class of multi-agent systems that locate peaks of unknown static fields in a distributed and scalable manner. Each agent is driven by swarming and gradient ascent efforts based on its own recursively estimated field via locally collected measurements by itself and its neighboring agents. The convergence properties of the proposed multi-agent systems are analyzed. We also provide a sampling scheme to facilitate the convergence. The simulation study confirms the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithms.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Aragonite production by pteropod molluscs in the subarctic Pacific

Abstract Daily aragonite production of thecosomatous pteropods in the subarctic Pacific was estimated using the instantaneous growth rate and size-frequency methods. At Ocean Sta. PAPA during July 1985, samples for production estimates of two pteropod species, Clio pyramidata and Limacina helicina , were collected in plankton tows using nets of different mesh sizes (303, 150 and 73 μm) to include all size classes of pteropods. Estimates of calcium carbonate biomass of C. pyramidata and Limacina helicina were 67 and 155 mg CaCO 3 m −2 , respectively. For the instantaneous growth rate method, shell growth of C. pyramidata was measured in 45 Ca uptake experiments with diver-collected animals. For L. helicina , the rate of shell calcification was calculated from literature values on changes in mean shell diameter and the allometric relationship between shell weight and shell diameter. Aragonite production, calculated by the instantaneous growth rate method, was 1.8 mg CaCO 3 m −2 d −1 for C. pyramidata and 2.6 mg CaCO 3 m −2 m −2 d −1 for L. helicina . In comparison, aragonite production estimated by the size-frequency method was 1.4 mg CaCO 3 m −2 d −1 for C. pyramidata . The aragonite production estimate of 4.4 mg CaCO 3 m −2 d −1 , determined by the instantaneous growth rate method, was 50% of the published estimate of foraminifera flux collected in a deep sediment trap at Sta. PAPA during the time of this study. Based on a model of annual production, pteropod aragonite accounts for 4–13% of the estimated total CaCO 3 production of 12–20 g CaCO 3 m −2 y −1 . Results of the model suggest that coccolithophorids are the major producers of CaCO 3 at Sta. PAPA, contributing 59–77% of the estimated total CaCO 3 production.
Ventricular fibrillation induction using nonsynchronized low energy external shock during rapid ventricular pacing: method of induction when fibrillation mode of ICD fails.

Third-generation implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are frequently implanted with non-thoracotomy systems and provide noninvasive methods for electrical stimulation and ventricular fibrillation induction. These modalities facilitate postoperative testing of the ICD. Rapid right ventricular burst pacing via the defibrillator is commonly used for initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, with the available third-generation devices, ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction may be impossible in up to 19% of the patients. In these cases, transvenous placement of a right ventricular catheter has been required to generate VF and appropriately evaluate the device. We report a new technique of noninvasive induction of VF using a low energy external nonsynchronized shock delivered during ICD fibrillation induction pacing. In three patients, after all efforts to induce VF by the Ventritex Cadence V-100 had failed, a 20 J nonsynchronized shock was delivered during rapid RV pacing. This resulted in VF on the first attempt in all patients. This noninvasive technique of VF initiation may provide a useful clinical approach to ICD testing that eliminates the costs and risks of an invasive procedure.
The battle of the burger chains: Which is best—Burger King, McDonald's or Wendy's?

Abstract We present the results of a study in which integer programming was used to compare the three largest hamburger chains in the United States: Burger King, McDonald's, and Wendy's.
Influence of uncertainty in selected aerodynamic and structural parameters on the buffeting response of long-span bridges

Abstract Multimode-analysis methods for the study and derivation of flutter instability and buffeting response are readily available from the literature and have been successfully applied to the assessment of the susceptibility of long-span bridges to wind loading. In both cases flutter critical velocity and buffeting oscillation are usually estimated from deterministic analyses. However, the probabilistic nature of the problem is latent since uncertainties, especially those associated with the definition of wind and aerodynamic characteristics, are intrinsically present. These quantities include, for example, wind-turbulence power spectral density, static coefficients and aerodynamic derivatives, usually derived from either site observations or experimental analysis. Their effects are often neglected or usually addressed through sensitivity analyses only. While in the past uncertainty in flutter estimates has been analyzed by researchers (for example through reliability analysis), little attention has been devoted to buffeting. In this paper the effects associated with the random nature of wind and structural characteristics are analyzed through the derivation of a closed-form solution associated with the single-mode buffeting problem with selected random parameters. A specific example is provided to clarify the role of wind power spectral density, damping and selected aeroelastic derivatives.
A 180,000-year pollen record from Owens Lake, CA: terrestrial vegetation change on orbital scales

Pollen from the upper 90 m of core OL-92 from Owens Lake is a climatically sensitive record of vegetation change that indicates shifts in the plant associations representing warm and cold desertscrub, pinyon–juniper woodland, and pine–fir forest during the past 180,000 years. These changes are synchronized with glacial–interglacial cycles. During glacial and stadial climates, juniper woodland expanded downslope and replaced warm desert shrubs while upper montane and subalpine forests in the arid Inyo Mountains also expanded, and those in the Sierra Nevada were displaced by the ice cap and periglacial conditions. Conversely, during interglacial and interstadial climates, warm desert plants expanded their range in the lowlands, juniper and sagebrush retreated upslope, and montane and subalpine forests expanded in the Sierra Nevada. The reconstructed vegetation history demonstrates a regional climatic response, and the congruence of the pollen sequence with marine and ice cap oxygen isotope stratigraphies suggests a link between regional vegetation and global climate change at orbital scales.
A noninvasive method for controlled reduction of omphalocele prostheses.

Abstract The use of prosthetic materials in the treatment of large omphaloceles and gastroschisis seems to have improved survival. 1–5 Several techniques have been described for subsequent reduction and repair of the prosthetic hernia. Shuster 1 covered the prosthesis with skin flaps that were repeatedly opened in the operating room to cinch up and resuture the underlying teflon and silicone rubber sheets. There are patients, however, in whom the defect is so large and the child so small that skin coverage of the prosthesis is impossible. In 1966 Plzak and Gross 2 and in 1968 Allen and Wrenn 3 described the use of a "Silon sac" without skin coverage. The size of the sac was reduced in stages at 1–3-day intervals by suturing or by simply squeezing off and typing the sac to reduce its size. Gilbert 4 has reported a large series of omphaloceles repaired successfully by this staged removal of a prosthesis. In treating a large omphalocele we devised a clamp to enable the surgeon to roll down the prothesis without involving the interior of the sac with sutures.
Can not smoking be hazardous to your health

The case–control study by Lesko et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 is the most recent of several to find that cigarette smoking is less prevalent among postmenopausal women with endometrial carcinoma than among other postmenopausal women. Although the observed association is not strong — an estimated 30 per cent reduction in risk to current smokers — there are several reasons to believe that it indicates a protective effect of smoking in some women. The association has been observed in both population-based and hospital-based studies, and it appears to be strongest in heavy smokers. Furthermore, a negative association between . . .
The influence of syntactic errors on sentence recognition

In this experiment, errors have been introduced into sentences in a systematic way in order to study their effect on S performance. More specifically, the experimental variables include two basic syntactic structures; three alternative positions in sentences for the introduction of an error in place of the subject noun, the main verb, or the object noun; two parts of speech, adjective and adverb, for the introduction of an error; and presentation with and without knowledge of the presence or absence of an error in the presentation. In general, the effect of an error is to increase average viewing time and knowledge of what to expect has no effect on S performance. Errors in place of the main verb are more disruptive than are errors in either the subject or object position. Adverbs as errors have approximately the same effect as do adjectives, although there is a complicated interaction between type of sentence, form of error, and position of error. There is a difference in viewing time for the two types of sentences. However, the difference is particularly apparent for sentences with errors. A discussion of certain implications is included.
Generating queries from user-selected text

People browsing the web or reading a document may see text passages that describe a topic of interest, and want to know more about it by searching. Manually formulating a query from that text can be difficult, however, and an effective search is not guaranteed. In this paper, to address this scenario, we propose a learning-based approach which generates effective queries from the content of an arbitrary user-selected text passage. Specifically, the approach extracts and selects representative chunks (noun phrases or named entities) from the content (a text passage) using a rich set of features. We carry out experiments showing that the selected chunks can be effectively used to generate queries both in a TREC environment, where weights and query structure can be directly incorporated, and with a "black-box" web search engine, where query structure is more limited.
Activated chemisorption of molecules

Abstract Dissociative chemisorption of polyatomic gases on crystal surfaces has long been reported as a slow process. Using molecular beam techniques, we have investigated the adsorption of methane on clean rhodium surfaces and provided a clue to the mechanism of activation.
EFFECT OF AGE ON ABSORPTION OF MANGANESE FROM HUMAN MILK, COW'S MILK AND INFANT FORMULA

Bioavailability of manganese (Mn) in human milk, cow's milk and infant formula (Similac) was found to be different. The effect of intestinal maturation on the absorption of nutrients is well established. Using neonatal rat pups 8 to 11 days old, we have studied the effect of age on the bioavailability of manganese from these three types of milk. Rat pups starved for 14 hours were fed by intubation with Mn-54 labeled milk or formula. Absorption of Mn was monitored 3 hours after feeding by measuring Mn-54 radioactivity in the whole carcass without the digestive tract or the liver alone. Based on total radioactivity recovered in the carcass, absorption of Mn from formula was not affected by the age of the animal. Younger pups, however, absorbed Mn more efficiently from human milk and cow's milk than older pups (human milk: 31.6% fed at 8 days compared with 14.5% at 11 days; cow's milk 27.0% fed at 11 days compared with 13.1% at 11 days). A transition from high absorption to low absorption occurred at 10 days. Even though the liver accumulated comparable amounts of Mn-54 in 8 day old pups when they were fed labeled milk, or formula, significantly higher quantities of Mn-54 were found in the liver of formula fed 11 day old pups. This difference in absorption of Mn from different types of milk might be accounted for by the change with age in the ability of the absorptive system to process the different Mn binding ligands in the milk studied. (Supported by NIH grant HD 16730)
Real structured singular value synthesis using the scaled Popov criterion

The scaled Popov criterion is used to derive an upper bound for the worst-case HI norm over a set of linear, time-invariant, norm-bounded, block-structured parameter perturbations. This upper bound provides the basis for a robust controller synthesis procedure that minimizes the upper bound and guarantees asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system for all real parameter perturbations in the specified set. Numerical examples demonstrate the tradeoff between achievable H2 performance and guaranteed robustness to real parameter perturbations as well as the reduction in conservatism due to the scaling matrix. Controllers designed for flexible structures using this technique are shown to have similarities to maximum entropy controllers designed for the same examples. Nomenclature BQ, C0 = fixed matrices characterizing the structure of uncertainty w (t) = zero-mean white noise with unit intensity x(t) = state vector z(t) = performance variables A = set of block-structured matrices
Recombination Processes in Insulators and Semiconductors

The discrete states in the forbidden zone are divided into ground states and shallow trapping states. The major recombination traffic passes through the ground states. The shallow trapping states cause the observed decay time of free carrier concentrations to exceed the lifetime of a free carrier in the conduction (or valence) band. At low rates of excitation (free carrier concentrations less than ground state concentrations) the electron lifetime and hole lifetime are independent and, in general, significantly different. At high rates of excitation the free electron and hole lifetimes are equal. For an insulator having one class of ground states (a class being defined by the capture cross sections for electrons and holes) the high-light lifetime is bracketed by the two low-light lifetimes.The behavior of a model having one class of ground states can be described relatively simply and quantitatively. The behavior of a model having more than one class of ground states becomes sufficiently complex that only special cases can be treated easily. More than one class of ground states, however, is required to account for infrared quenching, "superlinearity" and the ability of added ground states to reduce the rate of recombination. These phenomena involve a redistribution of electrons and holes amongst the classes of ground states. Such redistributions can give some meaning to the phrases: "filling of traps" or "saturation of centers."The recombination behavior of a semiconductor is significantly different from that of an insulator. For example, superlinearity can occur in a semiconductor having only one class of ground states. Also, the photocurrents in a semiconductor can be intrinsically more noisy than the photocurrents in an insulator.
Radiographic Landmarks for Locating the Femoral Origin of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament

Background:Little has been written about the use of radiographic landmarks for locating the origin of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL). A standardized radiographic landmark for the sMCL origin using intraoperative fluoroscopic imaging may be of value in aiding the surgeon in accurate femoral tunnel placement in the setting of extensive soft tissue disruption and bony attrition.Purpose:To determine a reproducible radiographic landmark that will assist in correct femoral tunnel placement in sMCL repair and reconstruction.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Ten fresh-frozen unmatched human cadaveric knees were dissected, and the origin of the sMCL was exposed. A 2-mm metallic marker was then placed at the center of the femoral origin of the sMCL. True lateral fluoroscopically assisted digital radiographs were obtained of the knee with the posterior and distal femoral condyles overlapping in a standardized fashion. With the use of computer software, reference lines were drawn on...
Fluid inclusion evidence for immiscibility in magmatic differentiation

Abstract After a brief review of recent work on melt inclusions in diamond and in normal magmatic environments, the nature of the fluid-inclusion evidence for various stages of magmatic immiscibility is summarized. During magmatic differentiation by crystal fractionation, from originally low-volatile content silicate melts (yielding normal plutonic rocks), through hydrous silicate melts (yielding pegmatites), to late-stage water-rich fluids (yielding quartz veins and ore deposits), the composition of the residual liquid changes drastically. In some geologic environments, this change in composition of the residual liquid may be continuous, with no phase change in the fluid part of the system. Under most natural conditions, however, it is far more likely to have one or more stages in the evolution during which globules of a separate, new immiscible fluid phase exsolve. The term immiscibility is used here in its more general sense to refer to the existence, at equilibrium, of two or more non-crystalline polycomponent solutions (fluids), differing in properties and generally in composition. I believe that the great bulk of the magmatic inclusions that are being studied today have come about through the intervention of one or more such stages of immiscible fluid separation, i.e., magmatic differentiation by fluid immiscibility. Examples include silicate melt/dense CO2 fluid, silicate melt/sulfide melt, silicate melt/silicate melt, silicate melt/low density vapor (i.e., vesiculation), and, as presented in more detail in this paper, various stages of silicate melt/hydrous saline melt/aqueous fluid/CO2 fluid immiscibility. Generally, only parts of these stages are recorded by the trapping of fluid inclusions, and the interpretation of the inclusion record is commonly ambiguous and difficult, particularly that stage between hydrous silicate melts and the hydrous saline melts (and aqueous solutions) responsible for many ore deposits. The ambiguity results mainly from problems of inclusion origin and nonrepresentative trapping within any given individual inclusion. Thus the probability of trapping of only one, vs. various amounts of two, immiscible fluids, or of trapping solid phases along with the fluid, present severe difficulties. In addition, there is the almost universal superposition of various stages of trapping of fluids within any given sample. These problems can only be approached by very careful petrography and analysis of optimum material, combined with field data and experimental P-V-T-X studies of pertinent systems. Completely unequivocal statements of the course of evolution of the fluids in such natural systems may never be possible.
WAIS performance in young normal, young alcoholic, and elderly normal groups: an evaluation of organicity and mental aging indices.

Investigated the effects of alcoholism and advanced age on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) performance and tested the validity of indices of „organicity” and „mental aging” derived from WAIS scores. The WAIS was administered to three groups of 20 males each: young normal (mean age 31 years), young alcoholic (mean age 33 years), and elderly normal (mean age 71 years). In terms of scaled scores, the young normal group was generally superior to the other groups on Verbal and Performance subtests, and the alcoholic and elderly groups resembled each other more on the Verbal than the Performance subtests. In view of an almost 40-year difference in age between the young alcoholic and the elderly normal Ss, similarities in pattern of performance provided some evidence for the hypothesis of „premature aging” in alcoholics.
What Is the Current Status of Global Health Activities and Opportunities in US Orthopaedic Residency Programs

Background Interest in developing national health care has been increasing in many fields of medicine, including orthopaedics. One manifestation of this interest has been the development of global health opportunities during residency training.
High Z Interaction Physics On Nova

A detailed understanding of the interaction of laser light with high Z materials is important for the development of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. To improve our understanding of the interaction of 0.35 um light at intensities between 1014 and 1015 W/cm2 with high Z materials, we have performed a variety of experiments to address important physics issues. Hydrodynamics and ablation, transport Processes, and x-ray conversion have been studies with thin Au dot targets and Au and Be mixture taraets.
The Iowa gambling task as a measure of decision making in women with bulimia nervosa.

Persistent chaotic feeding behavior (i.e., bingeing and purging), despite consequent adverse health and psychosocial consequences, is central to the definition and diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN). Repeatedly choosing immediate short-term gratification when long-term consequences are deleterious may reflect deficits in decision-making ability. However, to date, there has been no systematic examination of decision-making ability in individuals diagnosed with BN. In the present study, 20 undergraduate women with minimal bulimic symptoms (Control Group) and 20 with a diagnosis of BN (BN Group) were administered the Iowa Gambling Task (GT). Results indicated that the BN Group performed significantly worse on the GT in comparison to the Control Group and GT performance was negatively correlated with bulimic symptomatology. The presence of BN symptoms also predicted GT performance above and beyond demographic variables and depressive symptoms. These findings provide evidence for the presence of decision-making deficits in individuals with BN (JINS, 2006, 12, 741–745.)
Penile merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma of the genitalia is very rare and to date has been found only in vulvar mucosa. We describe an aggressive Merkel cell tumor in the frenulum of the penis with lymph node metastases, local recurrence, and eventually widespread dissemination. The primary tumor was associated with discontiguous squamous cell carcinoma in situ. This is the first report of Merkel cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma in this anatomic site.
Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up of left ventricular to aortic conduits in patients with aortic stenosis.

To assess the long-term results of left ventricular outflow tract reconstruction utilizing an apical left ventricular to aortic valved (porcine) conduit the clinical and hemodynamic data were reviewed from 24 patients who had placement of an apico-aortic conduit. Eighteen of the patients are asymptomatic and taking no cardiac medications. Three patients were reoperated on, one patient 1.5 years after his original operation for subacute bacterial endocarditis and two patients 3 to 4 years after their original operation for severe conduit valve insufficiency. None of the patients is taking anticoagulants and no thromboembolic events have occurred. Postoperative catheterization has been performed 1 to 1.5 years (mean 1.2) after repair in 15 of 21 patients. The rest left ventricular outflow tract gradient has decreased from 102.5 ± 20 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.8 ± 9.9 mm Hg postoperatively (probability [p]
Measurement of perchlorate in water by use of an 18O-enriched isotopic standard and ion chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

Abstract Currently, the most promising analytical methodology for low-level determination and confirmation of perchlorate (ClO4−) in drinking water is ion chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (IC–ESI-MS). However, there are still potentially limiting situations that must be considered when analyzing real world samples by IC–ESI-MS. They are: (1) co-elution of contaminants with fragment ions having the same m/z as ClO4−, (2) high background counts at the m/z of interest leading to a subsequent decrease in signal-to-noise, (3) gradual loss of sensitivity occurring over time as the sampling cone and/or ion optics of the mass spectrometer are fouled, and (4) suppression of gas phase ion formation (ionization suppression) that can occur if high concentrations of contaminants co-elute with ClO4−. An internal standard whose response, on the column and in the electrospray, is similar to that of ClO4− would give the highest degree of accuracy possible in situations 3 and 4 listed above. Commercially available NaClO4 that was enriched with oxygen-18 was evaluated for its potential as an internal standard. The level of oxygen-18 ( 18 O ) enrichment was verified, the stability of the enriched ClO4− in aqueous solutions was determined, and method performance parameters such as method detection limits, accuracy, precision and ruggedness using the enriched ClO4− as an internal standard were determined. Internal and external calibration yielded similar results with respect to calibration, detection limits, and short-term precision. However, the enriched isotopic internal standard showed superior results with respect to ruggedness and percent recovery of spikes in ground water and synthetic water samples.
Requirements for a computer science curriculum emphasizing information technology: subject area curriculum issues

THE NEED FOR A CURRICULUM IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The landscape of computing has changed dramatically for computing users, We routinely hear about the information superhighway, world-wide web and the Internet, multimedia, virtual reality, electronic mail and bulletin boards, groupware, desktop publishing, expert systems and knowledge engineering. Dramatically, these are not topics discussed exclusively by computer scientists and other kinds of computing specialists. These topics are being discussed by the general user community, a community ill-trained to use these technologies fully and effectively. Although the computer has come out of the computing center and is sitting on the desktop, the immense and growing power of these computers is being only partially utilized by users with limited time for learning about and understanding the rapidly changing information technologies available to them. The fastest growing demand in our society is for computer professionals who help people use information technologies to solve their computing problems. This is an unusual computing professional who combines strong technical skills (in networks, multimedia, databases, intelligent systems, and the integration, configuration and management of these) with the human element (identifying user needs, designing friendly user interfaces, establishing local information policies and procedures and integrating evolving standards). Traditional programs in computing have prepared students for jobs as researchers or developers rather than as information technologists. The growth of opportunities in information technology has created the need for programs emphasizing careers in this area. In this paper we propose requirements for a curriculum in Information Technology based on A CM Curriculum ’91. We first use a profile of an information technologist to extend Curriculum’91 to include new knowledge units. We next refine the knowledge units to include learning objectives that specify the level of mastery of each knowledge unit. Information Technology curricula then are formed as a collection of courses covering the set of learning objectives to the specified level of mastery.