cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to Network and Be a Good Colleague

Learning the skills and habits to network well and be a good colleague holds immense potential to improve the quality of our lives as well as our connections to one another. Networks—whether defined as one’s network of friends, family, colleagues, or permutations and combinations of all three—can serve to support and promote our personal and professional needs, while fostering a greater sense of connectedness and responsibility within our community. Moreover, these networks are strongly associated with scientific creativity, job performance, findings new jobs, and promotion. In addition to driving individual development and success, social networks are also associated with departmental and even organizational success. Despite the large impact of social networks, many in academic medicine feel uncomfortable with “networking.” This is unfortunate, because those who are uncomfortable with networking and developing the power of their network may be missing out on important opportunities. Social network scholars view an individual as embedded in a larger web of relationships. Ideally, to expand one’s network, one should look for those who are “similar enough” to meet and talk to, but who are also “different enough” to develop new ideas and ways of working together that leverage these differences. To increase the diversity of one’s network, we offer single overarching piece of advice: Be authentically curious about others. Finally, in order to be a good colleague, the academic must know oneself, know one’s limits and traits, and develop techniques for working with these optimally, with appropriate boundaries, in one’s interactions with colleagues.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Biological Membranes: Instrumentation

The ultimate goal of biological membrane studies is the elucidation of the structure and arrangement in situ of the various molecular species in the biological membrane as well as the correlation of this molecular organization with membrane function. This great enterprise is just aborning; only the most gross aspects of membrane architecture are understood today. There is general agreement, however, that one of the fundamental features of the membrane is an extensive lipid bilayer.
Demographic Characteristics and Impairments of Louisiana Students with Usher's Syndrome:

Usher's syndrome is a genetic condition that is characterized by hearing loss and progressive blindness from retinitis pigmentosa. This article reports on a study of the impairments and demographic...
Identification of Inpatient Allergic Drug Reactions Using ICD-9-CM Codes.

Background The study of allergic drug reactions has been limited because of challenges in identifying and confirming cases. Objective To determine the utility of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for identifying inpatient allergic drug reactions and to compare findings with previous data in the emergency department. Methods By reviewing medical records of inpatients with ICD-9-CM codes and E codes suggestive of allergic drug reactions at a large urban academic medical center, we determined codes that yielded the most drug allergy cases and identified culprit drugs. Results In 2005 and 2010, 3337 and 5282 possible allergic drug reactions during hospitalization were identified and 1367 were reviewed. Allergic drug reactions were found in 409 (30.1%) of the reviewed charts, with 172 (29.7%) in 2005 and 237 (30.5%) in 2010. The codes that identified the highest percentage of true allergic drug reactions were dermatitis due to drug (693.0), allergic urticaria (708), angioneurotic edema (995.1), and anaphylaxis (995.0). Antibiotics were the most common cause (44.4%); however, multiple drug classes were often identified as likely culprit drugs. Conclusion Specific ICD-9-CM codes can identify patients with allergic drug reactions, with antibiotics accounting for almost half of true reactions. Most patients with codes 693.0, 995.1, 708, and 995.0 had allergic drug reactions, with 693.0 as the highest yield code. An aggregate of multiple specific codes consistently identifies a cohort of patients with confirmed allergic drug reactions.
Herbivorous Caterpillars Can Utilize Three Mechanisms to Alter Green Leaf Volatile Emission.

Green plants emit green leaf volatiles (GLVs) as a general damage response. These compounds act as signals for the emitter plant, neighboring plants, and even for insects in the ecosystem. However, when oral secretions from certain caterpillars are applied to wounded leaves, GLV emissions are significantly decreased or modified. We examined four caterpillar species representing two lepidopteran families for their capacity to decrease GLV emissions from Zea mays leaf tissue. We also investigated the source of the GLV modifying components in the alimentary tract of the various caterpillars. In Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), we found three distinct mechanisms to modify GLV emission: a heat-stable compound in the gut, a heat-labile enzyme in salivary gland homogenate (previously described in Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and an isomerase in the salivary gland homogenate, which catalyzes the conversion of (Z)-3-hexenal to (E)-2-hexenal (previously described in M. sexta). These mechanisms employed by caterpillars to suppress or modify GLV emission suggest a counteraction against the induced indirect volatile defenses of a plant and provides further insights into the ecological functions of GLVs.
Letter to the Editor Response

We appreciate the opportunity to reply to the comments by Drs Pat F. Bass and Chaitanya Pant. Drs Bass and Pant note that diarrhea is the single most remarkable clinical manifestation of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), yet only 61% of our patients had diarrhea. CDI is most often described in patients who have had contact with a medical facility. The population whose charts we reviewed had no discernable contact with a medical facility prior to their colonoscopy. It is possible that CDI in the community setting is less severe than that acquired in a hospital and may even have different manifestations. Drs Bass and Pant also note that the patients may only have been colonized and not had infection with Clostridium difficile because they note that asymptomatic colonization rates in children are 25% to 85%. Actually, the colonization rate in children is not known. What is known is that about 10% to 75% of neonates and children in the first year of life are colonized and that the higher rate is usually associated with neonates. The colonization rate in adults is 5% to 10%. However, the incidence can be influenced by the diagnostic awareness of the clinicians. We assume that the presence of toxin implies disease as opposed to colonization. We agree that it would be interesting to know the clinical course of the children in the toxin-negative group as well, and we view this as a weakness of our report. However, because this was a retrospective study we did not have that information available to analyze. We are addressing the clinical course of the group of toxinnegative children in our prospective, randomized, delayed treatment study.
Phonological processes across word and language boundaries: Evidence from code-switching

Abstract Previous research on the phonetics and phonology of code-switching has largely focused on word internal phenomenon, such as voice onset time. However, many phonological processes occur across word boundaries, and in the case of code-switching, potentially across language boundaries. This study examines the application of phonological rules across word and language boundaries in cases of code-switching, exploiting cross-linguistic differences in voicing assimilation and spirantization processes in English and Spanish. Results from an oral production paradigm conducted with Spanish–English bilinguals showed an asymmetrical impact of code-switching: switched and non-switched tokens differed in Spanish, but not English. A similar pattern was found for bilinguals of different language dominance profiles. This asymmetry is discussed with respect to the different language-specific degrees of variability in production. Moreover, results from the current study suggest that while phonological processes may be anchored to language-specific lexical items or phonemes, the licensing environment is language non-specific.
Association of Affordable Care Act-related Medicaid expansion with variation in utilization of surgical services.

Abstract Background We aim to understand how Medicaid expansion under the ACA has affected utilization of surgical services. Methods The State Inpatient Databases were used to compare utilization of a broad array of surgical procedures among nonelderly adults (aged 19–64 years) in a multistate population that experienced ACA-related Medicaid expansion to one that did not. We performed a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to determine the effect of Medicaid expansion on utilization of surgical services from 2012 to 2014. Results There were 259,061 cases identified in the Medicaid expansion population and 261,269 in the control population. In the expansion group, there was a smaller decrease in utilization - by a margin of 21.68 cases per 100,000 individuals (p Conclusions Year one of Medicaid expansion under the ACA was associated with a modest but statistically significant difference in utilization of surgical services as well as an increase in percent of surgery patients covered by Medicaid.
Hyperactive Delirium Requires More Aggressive Management in Patients With COVID-19: Temporarily Rethinking "Low and Slow".

Abstract Delirium is a common symptom in patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19, and in cases of hyperactive delirium we have frequently observed behaviors that pose a significant risk of disease transmission to health care providers. Managing this symptom has emerged as an important challenge, as our local health care system has been strained by providers becoming sick or quarantined. Preventative and non-pharmacologic interventions remain critical for managing delirium in such patients, though occasionally pharmacologic treatment is required. When use of an antipsychotic medication is indicated, we recommend that providers consider foregoing the lowest common dose and instead start with the next incrementally higher dose to more quickly and reliably ensure the safety of both patients and providers. We do not recommend initiating prophylactic treatment or escalating doses in a manner that conflicts with currently accepted guidelines without carefully considering the risks and benefits
Risk factors for re-presentation for postpartum hypertension in patients without a history of hypertension or preeclampsia.

Background Re-presentation for evaluation of hypertension following discharge after delivery is common. However, a subset of patients who re-present for evaluation of postpartum hypertension do not have a history of hypertension. Identification of those at risk may help guide postpartum management and prevent re-presentations to the hospital. Objective This study aimed to establish risk factors for re-presentation for hypertension within 30 days of discharge after delivery in patients without a history of hypertension compared with women who did not re-present and to distinguish from risk factors for re-presentation for another reason. Study Design Subjects were identified through data extraction from a single institution between January 2012 and December 2018. We included subjects without an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code for (1) chronic hypertension or (2) a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy during their delivery encounter who re-presented to the hospital within 30 days. Thus, the re-presentation group was divided into the following 2 groups: those who re-presented for hypertension and those who re-presented for any other reason. Each re-presentation group was compared with the cohort of patients who delivered within the study window and did not re-present using the Student t test or Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. Multivariable regression was also performed on all potentially important risk factors. Results Factors that emerged as uniquely significant in the re-presentation group for hypertension were maternal age of ≥40 years and antenatal prescription of low-dose aspirin. Black race and body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2, although significant in both re-presentation groups, were more strongly predictive of re-presentation for hypertension. These factors remained independently significant when compared with each other in a multivariable analysis. Conclusion There are identifiable risk factors for postpartum re-presentation for hypertension in patients without a history of hypertension. Upon discharge, providers may consider close blood pressure monitoring and follow-up in patients who have any of the following risk factors: age of ≥40 years, black race, body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2, or those who were prescribed low-dose aspirin in pregnancy.
MEASUREMENT OF THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION FOR CHARGE TRANSFER INTO THE METASTABLE STATE H(2s) FOR PROTONS INCIDENT ON H$sub 2$ AND Ar GASES.

The energy dependence of the total cross section for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{H}(2s)+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ exhibits two broad maxima in the range 2-70 keV. The lower maximum occurs at an energy where the total charge-transfer cross section is largest, and thus may be due to coupling with the ground-state scattering channel. The observed energy dependence is similar to that for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ + ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Ly $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, but with the positions of both maxima shifted to higher energies by about 5 keV. The cross section for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}+\mathrm{Ar}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{H}(2s)+{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ over the extended energy range 2-70 keV also exhibits only two maxima. Internal and external quenching measurements of this cross section are in agreement. Its absolute magnitude at 20 keV has now been independently measured by three investigators, with results consistent with \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 20%.
A Physics-Informed Deep Learning Paradigm for Traffic State and Fundamental Diagram Estimation

Traffic state estimation (TSE) bifurcates into two main categories, model-driven and data-driven (e.g., machine learning, ML) approaches, while each suffers from either deficient physics or small data. To mitigate these limitations, recent studies introduced hybrid methods, such as physics-informed deep learning (PIDL), which contains both model-driven and data-driven components. This paper contributes an improved paradigm, called physics-informed deep learning with a fundamental diagram learner (PIDL + FDL), which integrates ML terms into the model-driven component to learn a functional form of a fundamental diagram (FD), i.e., a mapping from traffic density to flow or velocity. The proposed PIDL + FDL has the advantages of performing the TSE learning, model parameter identification, and FD estimation simultaneously. This paper focuses on highway TSE with observed data from loop detectors, using traffic density or velocity as traffic variables. We demonstrate the use of PIDL + FDL to solve popular first-order and second-order traffic flow models and reconstruct the FD relation as well as model parameters that are outside the FD term. We then evaluate the PIDL + FDL-based TSE using the Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) dataset. The experimental results show the superiority of the PIDL + FDL in terms of improved estimation accuracy and data efficiency over advanced baseline TSE methods, and additionally, the capacity to properly learn the unknown underlying FD relation.
A Duty to Suicide

Even if a person accepts that it is permissible to end one’s life earlier than if all efforts were made to preserve it, there is no guarantee that the person would also believe in an obligation to commit suicide. After all, an obligation to die would seem to remove the autonomy we want people to have when making end of life decisions. We would also have to be concerned that such a duty, if it existed, would be misused in order to eliminate the more vulnerable members of our society including the terminally or chronically ill and the elderly. In this chapter, I develop a Kantian argument for a suicide duty. In order to respect oneself and to preserve one’s moral life, at times it becomes mandatory to end one’s physical existence. Although a discordant position to take, I will show that such an obligation can be part of a very good life narrative, and can be done in a way that nurtures communities and caring relationships.
The International System of Units (SI)

Le Systeme International d'Unites (officially designated SI in all languages) provides a logical, interconnected framework for measurements in commerce, industry, and science, including the textile and allied fields. SI is based on only nine elemental units. Seventeen important derived units have special names. Any number of derived units is possible to meet particular needs. SI has only one unit for each type of physical quantity. Prefixes cover a range of 1036 to form multiples and submultiples. SI has explicitly distinct units for mass (the kilogram) and force (the newton). Numerous older units of pressure, energy, and power are superseded by the pascal, the joule, and the watt, respectively. Each equation defining a derived unit contains only the number 1 as the numerical factor. SI has salient advantages because it is a system of units coherent with respect to the system of physical quantities and the equations relating them.
Making Design Decisions Visible: Applying the Case-Based Method in Designing Online Instruction

The instructional intervention in this design case is a self-directed online tutorial that applies the case-based method to teach educators how to design and conduct entrepreneurship programs for elementary school students. In this article, the authors describe the major decisions made in each phase of the design and development process, explicate the rationales behind them, and demonstrate their effect on the production of the tutorial. Based on such analysis, the guidelines for designing case-based online instruction are summarized for the design case.
Recombinant DNA approach for defining the primary structure of monoclonal antibody epitopes. The analysis of a conformation-specific antibody to myosin light chain 2.

Abstract A monoclonal antibody (MF5), capable of recognizing a divalent cation-induced conformational change in myosin light chain 2 (LC2f), has been used to screen a cDNA library constructed in the expression vector λgt11. A clone has been isolated that contains the whole coding sequence of this myosin subunit. The light chain was synthesized as a fusion peptide linked to β-galactosidase by ten amino acids encoded in the 5′ untranslated region of its mRNA. Seven imperfect repeats were identified in the 3′ untranslated region of the mRNA. The amino acids conferring specificity on the MF 5 epitope were established by first determining the nucleotide sequence of shorter subclones that expressed the epitope and then eliminating those amino acid residues shared by cardiac myosin LC2, which was unreactive with this antibody. The epitope, which becomes accessible to MF 5 upon removal of bound divalent cations, resides at the junction between the first λ-helical domain and the metal binding site. Theoretically, this approach can be used to define the primary structure of most protein epitopes.
Qualitative Spaces: Integrating Spatial Analysis for a Mixed Methods Approach

Spatial context matters for qualitative social science inquiry. Yet, the explicit and consistent integration of these analyses has largely been segregated to the spatial sciences, geography and urban planning. In this article, we present a theoretical argument for integrating spatial data in qualitative inquiry and strategies for how to triangulate spatial and qualitative data. We argue that including spatial analyses in inquiries of social phenomena enhances depth and rigor to qualitative work across the social sciences.
Polymicrobial Bacterial Sepsis and Defective Neutrophil Chemotaxis in an Infant With Cystic Fibrosis

A 4 1/2-month-old, white girl was admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress and persistent polymicrobial bacteremia. Cystic fibrosis associated with malnutrition and a transient defect in peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis was diagnosed. This remarkable combination of presenting features in a patient with cystic fibrosis is the focus of this case report.
Modeling and simulation of tooth-belt-driven industry servo system

Establishing an elaborate model for plant is a key issue for designing a high performance servo system. Tooth belt, as a mechanical system for power transmission, is widely used in industrial applications. However, research in this plant, especially the modeling with internal dynamics, is very limited. In this paper, a simulation model of a belt-driven system is established. It can be simulated for frequency response and system dynamics.
Chapter 13 Structure and exciton effects in photosynthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and exciton effects in photosynthesis. In both antenna and reaction center (RC) pigment-protein complexes of photosynthetic organisms, pigment molecules are often close enough together to perturb each other's electronic transitions significantly. These perturbations result from resonance interactions that produce so-called exciton effects in optical spectra, principally absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD). The same resonance interactions also generate electronic excited-state energy transfer through the various antenna arrays to the RCs, a very important function in photosynthesis. The resonance interactions that give rise to the exciton effects in spectra are interactions among the electronic transition moments of closely juxtaposed pigment molecules. Structure-first models start from the most comprehensive structural information available. This comes principally from polypeptide linear sequence data and deductions therefrom, because there is no X-ray diffraction structure yet. Two major structural proposals are from Zuber and colleagues and from Loach and co-workers. The Zuber model of B850 consists of a “cyclic unit structure” of (considering pigments only in the chapter) BChl pairs in C6 symmetry or possibly groups of 4 BChl molecules in C3 symmetry. The Loach model consists of two rings of BChl dimers. One ring consisting of dimers each, of which is near the amino terminuses, the other of dimers each near the carboxyl terminuses of the polypeptide pair. The rings consist of either 6 or 12 dimers each, dependent on whether B875 encloses one RC or a pair of RCs.
Spatial variability in methane emissions from a Texas rice field with some general implications

[1] This study addresses the issue of the effect of spatial variability within a single rice field on methane emissions observed using static flux boxes. The experimental data were collected from a commercially farmed field located near Richmond, Texas. The field was managed according to the normal practice of the area, including continuous flooding and the use of only inorganic fertilizer. Twenty-four experimental plots were employed to measure daily and seasonal methane emission, seasonal aboveground biomass, and soil texture. A statistical analysis of the data provided predictive information on the precision with which static flux box measurements can determine the actual methane emission value in a particular field. The results of this study are related to the general global question of spatial variability in rice fields by comparisons with experimental and calculated methane emissions from several comparably managed rice fields around the world. Results from the present study indicate that methane emission values obtained from static flux box measurements are within ±20% of the actual field values within a 95% confidence interval. A comparison of this study with other reported results and related model calculations indicate that static flux box measurements are within ±24% of the actual field values.
Pattern Analysis of Multidimensional Digital Spaces, Homotopy Theory Approach

Large scale and very large scale systems are considered in computer sciences, economics, ecology, biology, engineering, cybernetics and many other areas. Interconnection of their elements, sels or subsystems and complexity of their topological structure is not less important than their quantative characteristics or parameters. In this paper we give brief review of topological methods of pattern analysis of n-dimensional digital images in finite spaces, which was presented on two previous SMS conferences and in some other publications, New properties of digital fundamental group, which are important for their calculation, are investigated. Digital fundamental group of product spaces is calculated through fundamental group of multipliers. Some other higher dimensional invariants of finite digital spaces are considered and their application to pattern analysis is investigated. These methods of algebraic topological shape analysis uniquely characterize digital patterns with precision to homotopy equivalence. It shows that pattern analysis has to be conducted on interdisciplinary basis.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

Recognized species of rapidly growing mycobacteria have increased significantly in number over the past decade. Traditional biochemical methods of identification and differentiation have been replaced by molecular methods including sequence- and PCR-based methods. Recently, mass spectrometric methods have also been successfully utilized for discrimination to the species level. This chapter describes the current state-of-the-art for the identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria using molecular methods.
Oral Feeding Options for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: To review the benefits of oral feeding options in people with dementia. DESIGN: Systematic literature search with review of potentially eligible studies by two independent investigators. SETTING: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsychINFO literature indices between January 1990 and October 2009. PARTICIPANTS: Clinical trials with random or nonrandom control groups were included if they reported on clinical outcomes of oral feeding interventions for people with dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Investigators abstracted data from included studies using a structured instrument. Studies were graded on quality and potential bias, and overall strength of evidence was summarized. RESULTS: Thirteen controlled trials provided data on use of supplements for people with dementia, and 12 controlled trials tested assisted feeding or other interventions. Studies provide moderate-strength evidence for high-calorie supplements, and low-strength evidence for appetite stimulants, assisted feeding, and modified foods to promote weight gain in people with dementia. The few studies measuring function or survival showed no difference. CONCLUSION: High-calorie supplements and other oral feeding options can help people with dementia with feeding problems to gain weight; they are unlikely to improve other outcomes. These treatments can be offered alone or in combination as an alternative to tube feeding.
Nicotinic receptor Alpha7 expression during tooth morphogenesis reveals functional pleiotropy.

The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, alpha7, was investigated in the developing teeth of mice that were modified through homologous recombination to express a bi-cistronic IRES-driven tau-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP); alpha7GFP) or IRES-Cre (alpha7Cre). The expression of alpha7GFP was detected first in cells of the condensing mesenchyme at embryonic (E) day E13.5 where it intensifies through E14.5. This expression ends abruptly at E15.5, but was again observed in ameloblasts of incisors at E16.5 or molar ameloblasts by E17.5–E18.5. This expression remains detectable until molar enamel deposition is completed or throughout life as in the constantly erupting mouse incisors. The expression of alpha7GFP also identifies all stages of innervation of the tooth organ. Ablation of the alpha7-cell lineage using a conditional alpha7Cre×ROSA26-LoxP(diphtheria toxin A) strategy substantially reduced the mesenchyme and this corresponded with excessive epithelium overgrowth consistent with an instructive role by these cells during ectoderm patterning. However, alpha7knock-out (KO) mice exhibited normal tooth size and shape indicating that under normal conditions alpha7 expression is dispensable to this process. The function of ameloblasts in alpha7KO mice is altered relative to controls. High resolution micro-computed tomography analysis of adult mandibular incisors revealed enamel volume of the alpha7KO was significantly reduced and the organization of enamel rods was altered relative to controls. These results demonstrate distinct and varied spatiotemporal expression of alpha7 during tooth development, and they suggest that dysfunction of this receptor would have diverse impacts upon the adult organ.
Baryon- and lepton-number non-conserving processes and intermediate mass scales

Abstract An analysis of the possible mechanisms to mediate various baryon- and lepton-number non-conserving processes is presented. Processes considered include the Δ ( B + L ) = 0 proton decay, ΔB = 2 neutron-antineutron oscillations and neutrino Majorana masses. Among our results we find that, in the absence of elementary scalars and exotic fermions, all the renormalizable interactions of vector bosons and ordinary fermions conserve B - L . Therefore, the observation of Δ ( B - L ) ≠ 0 processes would imply the existence of elementary scalars and/or exotic fermions.
Exploring Model-Based Design

Many universities are taking advantage of distance education technology in order to provide more learning opportunities for students. This paper describes the design of an interactive classroom environment called White Board. For ease of navigability and access to instructional material, the software is designed with multiple windows and tabs in the basic user interface. The design enables users to access all course data without having to navigate away from the homepage. Windows are updated individually to avoid refreshing the whole page when changing tabs or loading material. Principles of design, results and future directions are presented.
Sensitive microreacting ligand for serum copper

Abstract A rapid and simple filtrate procedure for the determination of serum copper is described. It involves only 2 chemical steps and is quite sensitive with a molar absorptivity of 33,300. The color formed is stable for more than 30 minutes and the results indicate that the reaction is quite applicable to the determination of copper found in serum.
Teaching Peace: The Challenge of Gendered Assumptions

Two teaching stories form the crux of this article. In fall 1999 at Loyola's Rome Center in Italy I taught a newly created course titled Peacemaking in the 20th Century. In creating the course I chose Teaching about International Conflict and Peace, edited by Merry M. Merryfield and Richard C. Remy, because of the seven chapters on 20th-century peacemaking tools and the chart of such tools by Chadwick Alger that included feminism as number 20 of 21 tools.1 This was a thin edge that allowed me to justify including Betty Reardon's Sexism and the War System as another one of the texts.2 The students were so resistant to Reardon's argument—a story I will get to in a moment—that when I revised the course to teach it in Chicago in fall 2001, I decided to use Birgit Brock-Utne's Feminist Perspectives on Peace and Peace Education.3 Though student challenges to Brock-Utne's argument were less adamant, there was still great resistance to some of her research conclusions on the socialization of boys and girls. So here are the two stories that provoked my reflection on the challenge of gendered assumptions in teaching peace history.
Expression of the translation initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-2α is frequently increased in neoplastic cells of Hodgkin lymphoma

The rate of protein synthesis is regulated in part by 2 key translation initiation factors, eIF-4E and eIF-2*. The expression and activity of both factors are increased transiently when normal resting cells are stimulated to proliferate, but they are constitutively elevated in oncogene-transformed cultured cells. Overexpression of either initiation factor induces a tumorigenic phenotype in rodent cells. We have shown earlier that expression of both eIF-4E and eIF-2* is increased in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (non-HLs). In this study, we performed an immunohistochemical survey of these translation initiation factors in neoplastic cells of HL. We also used Western blot to addressed the possibility that eIF-4E increases expression of NFkappaB. Our results indicate that both eIF-4E and eIF-2* are strongly expressed in neoplastic cells of HL in most cases examined as compared with weak or undetectable expression in most surrounding lymphocytes. An increase in eIF-4E expression may lead to constitutively high expression of NFkappaB, a transcription factor implicated in resistance to apoptosis and induction of cytokine gene expression in various cells, including neoplastic cells of HL.
Cardiac conduction and antipsychotic medication: a primer on electrocardiograms.

Keywords: Cardiac conduction; drug interactions; pediatrics; psychotropic drugs; QT interval
On bounds for the convergence of the SSOR method for H-matrices

In [1] G. Alefeld and R S. Varga show that if A is an H-matrix, then where and JA are, respectively, the SSOR and the Jacobi iteration matrices associated with A. We investigate the possibility for[M0001] when Ais an H-matrix and show that unless does not hold. Comparison is made with the sharpness of a similar bound on the ω's for which the SOR iteration matrix associated with A converges.
Robustness and perturbation analysis of a class of nonlinear systems with applications to neural networks

Studies the robustness properties of a large class of nonlinear systems by addressing the following question: given a nonlinear system with specified asymptotically stable equilibria, under what conditions will a perturbed model of the system possess asymptotically stable equilibria that are close (in distance) to the asymptotically stable equilibria of the unperturbed system? In arriving at the results, the authors establish robustness stability results for the perturbed systems considered, and determine conditions that ensure the existence of asymptotically stable equilibria of the perturbed system that are near the asymptotically stable equilibria of the original unperturbed system. These results involve quantitative estimates of the distance between the corresponding equilibrium points of the unperturbed and perturbed systems. The authors apply the above results in the qualitative analysis of a large class of artificial neural networks. >
THE DOMESTIC AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A QUESTION OF REGULATION

In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) was established to regulate the fare and route structures of the domestic airline industry. At that time, policy‐makers were fearful that free market conditions in the airline industry would not foster the growth which was deemed to be optimal in the public interest. After forty years of industry development, however, the market structure of the airline industry does not provide justification for regulation. Furthermore, the regulation itself has created problems which are undesirable to both the industry and the public. On October 25, 1978, President Carter signed into law a bill that will gradually remove the regulatory restrictions under which interstate domestic airlines have operated since 1938. All regulatory control over the airlines will end by 1982, and the CAB will be abolished in 1985.
Frequency dependence of increased cell proliferation, in vitro, in exposures to a low-amplitude, low-frequency electric field: evidence for dependence on increased mitogen activity released into culture medium.

In order to investigate the mechanism(s) through which an electric field can increase bone cell proliferation, we have developed an in vitro model incorporating a low-amplitude (estimated 10−7 V/cm in the serum-free culture medium), low-frequency, capacitively coupled electric field. In previous studies with this model, we have shown that electric field exposure can increase bone cell proliferation both in chick tibiae organ cultures and in calvaria-derived monolayer cell cultures. The current in vitro studies demonstrate that skeletal tissue responses to a 30 min electric field exposure are characterized by (a) a frequency window for both increased cell proliferation and increased release of mitogen activity into the cell-conditioned medium, with a peak near 16 Hz; (b) a dependence on conditioned medium from exposed cells for increased cell proliferation; and (c) a correlation between the alkaline phosphatase content of the bone cell cultures and effects of electric field exposure on both cell proliferation and release of mitogen activity into the conditioned medium.
Electrical remodeling in ischemia and infarction

This is a review of the electrophysiologic changes occurring at different times following myocardial infarction, both in the infarcted region (substrate) and in areas remote from the infarct. Regulators of channel function which might contribute to re-modeling, including autocrine/paracrine factors involved in ion channel gene regulation, are discussed.
Correlation of invasive Doppler flow wire with renal duplex ultrasonography in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis: The Renal Artery Stenosis Invasive Doppler (RAIDER) study

Objective Determining renal resistive index (RI) in the setting of renal artery stenosis may predict which patients benefit from revascularization. Renal duplex ultrasonography (RDUS) is the traditional method of assessing RI, but it is not available in most invasive endovascular laboratories. Conversely, endovascular techniques to assess RI are available but not well validated. The primary goal was to determine if an invasive approach using an endovascular Doppler flow wire correlates with RI assessment using traditional noninvasive RDUS. Methods In a single-center prospective trial, patients were enrolled if they had known or suspected renovascular disease. A Doppler flow wire was placed in multiple segments of the renal artery, and peak (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) were measured. RI was calculated using the formula: RI=[1 – (EDV/PSV)] × 100. Similarly, RI was also derived using standard RDUS. All patients underwent both RI techniques before any revascularization procedure. Secondary end points included assessing the correlation for pole-to-pole renal length assessment and PSV and EDV velocities using both invasive and noninvasive techniques. Pearson correlation coefficient calculations were used to determine degree of correlation. Results The study enrolled 20 patients, and 35 renal arteries were studied. Overall, Pearson correlation coefficient for invasive vs noninvasive RI assessment was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.93). The r values were 0.43 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.67) for pole-to-pole renal length, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.76) for PSV, and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.72) for EDV determination. No major complications occurred during this study. Average time to perform invasive Doppler assessment was 10.4 ± 7.4 minutes per artery. Conclusions Invasive RI assessment using an endovascular flow wire technique correlates well with traditional noninvasive RDUS. A moderate statistical correlation also exists for pole-to-pole renal length, PSV, and EDV determinations. The procedure is safe and can be performed rapidly.
On a Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth

In the present paper we are interested in the growth process in a two-sector model of capital accumulation and show that balanced growth equilibria are globally,stable under the neoclassical hypotheses.
Coronal mass ejections: Acceleration and surface associations

The fact that eruptive-prominence associated coronal mass ejection events may be accelerated over significant heights and times in the corona complicates the determination of possible surface or low coronal associations. A specific example of one such eruptive-prominence associated event, that observed in both the inner and outer solar corona on August 5, 1980, is used to illustrate the magnitude of the uncertainty of determining an onset time of the ejection. It is noted that such uncertainties may influence statistically-determined associations.
Context-sensitive parsing

This paper presents a canonical form for context-sensitive derivations and a parsing algorithm which finds each context-sensitive analysis once and only once. The amount of memory required by the algorithm is essentially no more than that required to store a single complete derivation. In addition, a modified version of the basic algorithm is presented which blocks infinite analyses for grammars which contain loops. The algorithm is also compared with several previous parsers for context-sensitive grammars and general rewriting systems, and the difference between the two types of analyses is discussed. The algorithm appears to be complementary to an algorithm by S. Kuno in several respects, including the space-time trade-off and the degree of context dependence involved.
An Introduction to Liu Cho-ch'ang's "The Democratic Thought of Thomas Jefferson"

Liu Cho-ch'ang is, by his own account, China's only published Jefferson scholar. The appearance of his article is one manifestation of the resurgence of academic liberals educated in Western-model universities before 1949.
Sensitivity to the satiating effects of exendin 4 is decreased in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel rats compared to obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats.

Sensitivity to the satiating effects of exendin 4 is decreased in obesity-prone Osborne–Mendel rats compared to obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats
Decision making under ignorance: Arguing with yourself

The metaphor of gambling has had great influence on the topic of choice under uncertainty. However, in many real-world situations, people must make choices when they lack information about the relevant economic features of gambles, i.e., probabilities and outcomes. We refer to this as choice under ignorance as opposed to choice under risk or uncertainty. We propose that people handle these decisions by generating rationales or arguments that allow them to resolve the choice conflict. Moreover, these rationales often do not correspond to principles derived from the cost-benefit framework of economic models. These ideas are explored in two experiments in which subjects simulated the purchase of warranties for consumer durables. Our principal findings are, first, that observable behaviors differ between situations where subjects do and do not have information on probabilities and outcomes. Second, economic cost-benefit models did not yield good descriptions of our subjects' decisions. Third, the nature of arguments used, and thus the processes invoked, differed as a function of the information available to subjects. And fourth, subjects' arguments indicated two types of strategies for reaching decisions. In one, they processed the particular characteristics of each choice option; in the other, they invoked a “meta-rule” or principle that resolved the choice conflict and was insensitive to the particular features of different options. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results. This includes questioning the appropriateness of using the gamble as a metaphor for choice in future research.
Prolonged Exposure to LPS Increases Iron, Heme, and p22phox Levels and NADPH Oxidase Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Inhibition by Desferrioxamine

Objective— Vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are contributing factors in atherosclerosis. We recently found that the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), suppresses NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and expression of cellular adhesion molecules in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of the present study was to investigate whether and how LPS and iron enhance, and DFO inhibits, NADPH oxidase activity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Methods and Results— Incubation of HAECs for 24 hours with 5 μg/mL LPS led to a 4-fold increase in NADPH oxidase activity, which was strongly suppressed by pretreatment of the cells for 24 hours with 100 μmol/L DFO. Incubating HAECs with LPS also significantly increased cellular iron and heme levels and mRNA and protein levels of p22 phox , a heme-containing, catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase. All of these effects of LPS on HAECs were strongly inhibited by DFO. Exposing HAECs to 100 μmol/L iron (ferric citrate) for 48 hours exerted similar effects as LPS, and these effects were strongly inhibited by coincubation with DFO. Furthermore, neither LPS nor DFO affected mRNA and protein levels of p47 phox a nonheme–containing, regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase, or the mRNA level of NOX4, an isoform of the principal catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase in endothelial cells. In contrast, heme oxygenase-1 was strongly suppressed by DFO, both in the absence and presence of LPS or iron. Conclusions— Our data indicate that prolonged exposure to LPS or iron increases endothelial NADPH oxidase activity by increasing p22 phox gene transcription and cellular levels of iron, heme, and p22 phox protein. Iron chelation by DFO effectively suppresses endothelial NADPH oxidase activity, which may be helpful as an adjunct in reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Thermoelectric Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Results of the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power and fourprobe resistance of single wall carbon nanotube mats are presented. The data are interpreted in terms of the response of a percolating network of metallic nanotube bundles. To the best of our knowledge, the work represents the first systematic study of the transport properties of a series of samples prepared using different transition metal-Y growth catalysts. Although x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering data indicate these samples are nominally the same, we find that the identity of the catalyst has a pronounced effect on the electrical transport properties. The data are interpreted qualitatively in terms of a dilute Kondo system involving the coupling of the the localized magnetic moments of impurity atoms (derived from the catalyst), and the conduction electron spins in the nanotube walls.
An optical cavity based biosensor with chained differential detection to improve sensitivity and fabrication tolerance

We propose an optical cavity based biosensor with chained differential detection. A three laser diode sensing mechanism provides multiplexing capability and is used to enhance the responsivity and improve fabrication tolerance using a chained differential detection approach. The differential calculation enhances the sensitivity through (1) increased responsivity compared to the actual optical power changes of the individual laser diodes and (2) noise reduction by canceling out some uncontrollable variations along the path of light since all wavelengths of light used for the differential calculation propagate through the same path. However, the responsivity dies off quickly due to even small variations from the designed cavity width. To correct for this and to improve fabrication tolerance, we introduce another wavelength and employ a chaining approach. In this presentation, we will present simulation results of an optical cavity based biosensor with chained differential detection and progresses toward experimental demonstrations.