cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A survey of methods for volumetric scene reconstruction from photographs

Scene reconstruction, the task of generating a 3D model of a scene given multiple 2D photographs taken of the scene, is an old and difficult problem in computer vision. Since its introduction, scene reconstruction has found application in many fields, including robotics, virtual reality, and entertainment. Volumetric models are a natural choice for scene reconstruction. Three broad classes of volumetric reconstruction techniques have been developed based on geometric intersections, color consistency, and pair-wise matching. Some of these techniques have spawned a number of variations and undergone considerable refinement. This paper is a survey of techniques for volumetric scene reconstruction.
A Sensitivity Study of a Theoretical Model Of SO2 Scavenging by Water Drops in Air

Abstract The rate at which SO2 is removed from air by a water drop has been investigated by solving numerically the convective diffusion equation for SO2 diffusing through air into a water drop where the species SO2·H2O, HSO3−, SO3− and SO4− were assumed to form. The drops were assumed to be either at rest or failing at terminal velocity. The falling drops had Reynolds numbers of 0.01, 4, 20 and 100, corresponding to drop radii of 10, 70.8, 142.3 and 305.5 μm, respectively. For the case of a failing drop we assumed either Hadamard-Rybczinski (HR) flow inside of the drop and Stokes flow outside of the drop, or flow fields described by our own numerical solutions to the complete Navier-Stokes equation of motion. The computations were carried out for three models: model A which assumed that the resistance to diffusion lies entirely outside the drop (drop is a perfect sink), model B which assumed that the resistance to diffusion lies entirely inside the drop, and model C which assumed that the diffusion field...
Liberalism and the problem of poverty: A reply to Ashcraft

In Property Rights and Poverty, / argued that seventeenth‐ to mid‐nineteenth‐century liberal theories of the natural right to property included both the ability to exclude others from resources lawfully acquired and the ability to claim as property the resources necessary for life and livelihood. Virtually every defense of the right to exclude written during this period carried limits which allowed and even required the government to enforce the rights of those without resources to the property of others. But although Locke, among others, was a theorist of welfare rights, it is a mistake to describe him as a radical, as Richard Ashcraft does, which identifies Locke's purposes too closely with the legitimately radical theorists of the early nineteenth century who were deeply influenced by his work.
On Online Trading Models: Design and Issues

The phenomenal growth of the Internet has led to a significant increase in online trading, which in turn has created unique challenges. Online trading is an important e-commerce application. Today there are numerous ways to conduct business over the Internet utilizing online trading models where buyers and sellers meet online. In this article, we analyze these applications and introduce a new model that allows multiple buyers and sellers to conduct negotiations and trading. We present the system architecture, design, and implementation with a focus on the design of the client-server architecture under the object-oriented environment. Some unique features such as the negotiation mechanism and security and legal issues are also discussed.
A rotary dial for gaze-based PIN entry

We detail the design and evaluation of a rotary interface for gaze-based PIN code entry. Interface design promotes equal distance between PIN numerals, leading to a circular layout resulting in the choice of a rotary telephone dial metaphor. The rotary's speed advantage over the traditional grid-based (e.g., keypad) design is derived from its elimination of dwell time for gaze-based numeral selection, relying instead on a weighted voting scheme of numerals whose boundaries are crossed by the streaming (smoothed) gaze points. Screen center-bias is exploited by requiring users to transition to and from the center to the rotary numerals, in order to enter in the PIN code sequence. Compared with the keypad layout, empirical results show that PIN digit entry errors do not differ significantly between interfaces, although the rotary incurs fewer errors overall. Expressing preference for the rotary, users appeared to quickly grasp its operation.
Cobalt use and regulation in horseracing: a review

Cobalt, atomic weight 58.9, is a metallic element and environmental substance found in the animal in microgram quantities, predominantly as vitamin B12, but is also a component of at least one mammalian enzyme unassociated with B12. Cobalt is a required trace mineral and has long been administered as a dietary supplement to humans and animals. Cobalt deficiency outside of its requirement in vitamin B12 has not been reported in humans. The administration of cobalt salts was once standard treatment for anaemia in humans, owing to its ability to stimulate red blood cell synthesis. Elemental cobalt acts by stabilising hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), which activates the erythropoietin gene, which in turn increases haemoglobin/red blood cell synthesis, which had led to a presumption that cobalt may be performance enhancing in athletes. Administration of cobalt in amounts sufficient to significantly increase the haematocrit are associated with risk of toxicity in humans, and the only cobalt administration stu...
A Gross Genetic Analysis of Two DDT-Resistant House Fly Strains

A genetical analysis was undertaken for factors conferring DDT resistance in 2 strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. The Grothe strain possesses a moderate (200-fold) resistance to DDT and is susceptible to the nondehydrochlorinatable analog of DDT, ortho -chloro DDT. The Orlando DDT strain is more highly resistant (>3000-fold) to both insecticides. Both strains were found to possess a fifth chromosomal dominant which confers moderate (100- to 200-fold) resistance to DDT, but does not confer resistance to o -chloro DDT. In addition, the Orlando DDT strain possesses a second chromosomal recessive which confers moderate (100- to 150-fold) resistance to DDT and high tolerance to o -chloro DDT (>3000-fold). The presence of both factors in a single strain confers virtual immunity (more than 5000-fold resistance) to DDT. From crosses between the Orlando DDT strain and susceptible marker strains, 2 substrains were isolated, each possessing only 1 major factor for resistance. Appropriate crosses and bioassays provided confirmation of the nature of the 2 independent factors for resistance. Resistance associated with the fifth chromosomal dominant is that for DDT dehydrochlorinase. The second chromosomal recessive is probably hdr-o as described by Milani (1960, Misc. Pub. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 2: 75-83). The mechanism of resistance associated with this factor is unknown, but apparently it does not involve dehydrochlorination.
Effects of Soil Moisture on Survival of Prepupae of the Alkali Bee

High soil moistures had an adverse effect on the survival of alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Cockerell, prepupae and resulted in a nonskewed emergence pattern spread over a prolonged period. Survival, based on the percent emergence from each soil core, was optimal at a soil moisture percentage which was too low to be accepted by renesting females. It is suggested that high soil moisture creates a high cell humidity, which in turn permits the germination of spores of several fungus species. The mycelia of these fungi then replace the overwintering prepupae. Bee beds should be managed so that excess moisture be kept from them during the winter and early spring to minimize prepupal mortality.
Textural properties and their correlation to cell structure in porous food materials.

Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United StatesABSTRACT:Thispaper focusesonunderstandingtheroleofstructuralparametersandstarchcrystallization onthetoughnessofcakesamples. Accurate mechanicalmeasurements were performed to obtain toughnessvalues, and thesewererelated to structuralparametersobtainedfromimageanalyses.Three-dimensionalskeletonsoffoodsamplesweregeneratedbyusingX-raytomographytechnique. The structural parameters (cell diameter, cell wall thickness, thickness to radius ratio (t/R), fragmentation index) wereobtained after processing of the images with CTan software. The basic hypothesis of the paper is to show that the structuralparametert/Risadeterminantforpredictingtoughness,whichisacriticalindicatoroffreshness.Freshnessincakesandotherbakedproductsisaleadingfactorinconsumerperception.Forthispurposethreediﬀerentcakeformulationswerestoredat37and50 C.Cyclingfromthesetemperaturestolowerstoragetemperaturesof25and4 Cwasdonetoacceleratethestarchretrogradationrate.Experimental results indicated that there was a strong interrelationship between morphological structure and the mechanicalproperties with regression coeﬃcients of 0.68 and 0.95. Starch retrogradation, which was followed by X-ray diﬀractometry, wasfound to be directly proportional to toughness values, where the percent relative crystallinity increased with storage temperature.KEYWORDS: X-ray microtomography, X-ray diﬀractometer, cellular structure, texture, mechanical properties’INTRODUCTIONConsumer acceptance of solid food foams such as breads,cakes, and extruded snacks is strongly associated with theproduct texture. The mechanical properties of cellular foodsandinparticulartheirfracturebehaviorsareknowntoberelatedtoboththemechanicalpropertiesofpolymericcellwallsandtheaverage size and size distribution of the air cells in solid foodfoams. The structure and state of the solid matrix control thedeformationpathwayofthefoodmaterial,suchaselastoplasticorbrittle failure, which in turn has an eﬀect on the force-deforma-tion curves. The cellular structure of food materials, in bothmacro (porosity and relative density) and micro (cell wall thick-ness,celldiameter,andtheirdistributions)scales,alsoinﬂuencesmechanical properties. Sensorial attributes of food foams aredependentoncellsizeanditsdistribution,shapeofcells,andcellwallthickness.Understandingtheeﬀectofstructuralparameterson food foam will allow food designers to evaluate the eﬀect ofprocessingconditionsandingredientsonsensorialperception.
The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research

USING animals as research subjects in medical investigations is widely condemned on two grounds: first, because it wrongly violates the rights of animals,1 and second, because it wrongly imposes on sentient creatures much avoidable suffering.2 Neither of these arguments is sound. The first relies on a mistaken understanding of rights; the second relies on a mistaken calculation of consequences. Both deserve definitive dismissal. Why Animals Have No Rights A right, properly understood, is a claim, or potential claim, that one party may exercise against another. The target against whom such a claim may be registered can be a single . . .
The Efficiency Analysis on Input and Output of Science Research in Regional Universities on Basis of DEA

By using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA),this paper devotes to get the estimation of the input and output efficiency, as well as the non-DEA effective output shortfall and input redundancy of the universities' scientific research in 29 provinces and regions of China. This study gets the conclusion that the efficiency is relatively low for the universities in the western part of China and most of them are in the state of gradually increasing stage. Therefore, it is a critical problem for related management department of the state and government to enhance the input scale of the education resources in the western area and to increase the output of those areas that were plunged into relatively more resources.
The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment MPEX: Pre-design, development and testing of source concept

The availability of future fusion devices such as a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) or DEMO greatly depends on long operating lifetimes of plasma facing components in their divertors. ORNL is designing the Material-Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), a superconducting magnet, steady-state device to address the plasma material interactions of fusion reactors. MPEX will utilize a new high-intensity plasma source concept based on RF technology. This source concept will allow the experiment to cover the entire expected plasma conditions in the divertor of a future fusion reactor. It will be able to study erosion and re-deposition for relevant geometries with relevant electric and magnetic fields in-front of the target. MPEX is being designed to allow for the exposure of a-priori neutron-irradiated samples. The target transfer cask has been designed to undock from the linear plasma generator such that it can be transferred to diagnostics stations for more detailed surface analysis. MPEX is being developed in a staged approach with successively increased capabilities. After the initial development step of the helicon source and ECH system the source concept is being tested in the Proto-MPEX device (100 kW helicon, 200 kW EBW, 30 kW ICRH). Proto-MPEX has achieved electron densities of more than 4×1019m−3 with a large diameter (13cm) helicon antenna at 100 kW power. First heating with microwaves resulted in a higher ionization represented by higher electron densities on axis, when compared to the helicon plasma only without microwave heating.
Impact of emergency department visit on disease self-management in adults with depression:

Unexpected health-endangering events that lead to an emergency department visit may be perceived as “wake-up calls” and induce significant changes in health-related behavior (“health shock” effect). This study uses two waves of a survey of 826 adults with depression and finds that having an emergency department visit(s) increased medication adherence by 7.6 percentage points (p < 0.05) relative to non-emergency department visitors but had no significant effect on counseling attendance (0.02% points, p = 0.380). Emergency department visits may provide an opportune teachable moment to initiate targeted interventions for positive behavioral change in adults with depression.
A proposed tabletop atto-second pulse coherent X-ray source

We propose a free-electron based attosecond coherent X-ray source powered by a laser-driven particle accelerator capable of producing sub-optical cycle electron pulses. The design parameters for the device are established by the one-dimensional FEL model.
CATE: concolic Android testing using Java pathfinder for Android applications

Like all software systems, Android applications are not immune to bugs, security vulnerabilities, and a wide range of other runtime errors. Concolic analysis, a hybrid software verification technique which performs symbolic execution along with a concrete execution path, has been used for a variety of purposes including software testing, code clone detection, and security-related activities. We created a new publicly available concolic analysis tool for analyzing Android applications: Concolic Android TEster (CATE). Building on Java Path Finder (JPF-SPF), this tool performs concolic analysis on a raw Android application file (or source code) and provides output in a useful and easy to understand format.
Moral Responsibility, Luck, and Compatibilism

In this paper, I defend a version of compatibilism (about determinism and moral responsibility) against luck-related objections. After introducing the types of luck that some take to be problematic for moral responsibility, I consider and respond to two recent attempts to show that compatibilism faces the same problem of luck that libertarianism faces—present (or cross-world) luck. I then consider a different type of luck—constitutive luck—and provide a new solution to this problem. One upshot of the present discussion is a reason to prefer a history-sensitive compatibilist account over a purely nonhistorical structuralist account.
Mechanisms to Explain the Elemental Composition of the Initial Aragonite Shell of Larval Oysters

Calcifying organisms face increasing stress from the changing carbonate chemistry of an acidifying ocean, particularly bivalve larvae that live in upwelling regions of the world, such as the coastal and estuarine waters of Oregon (USA). Arguably the first and most significant developmental hurdle faced by larval oysters is formation of their initial prodissoconch I (PDI) shell, upon which further ontological development depends. We measured the minor metal compositions (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca) of this aragonitic PDI shell and of post-PDI larval Crassostrea gigas shell, as well as the water they were reared in, over ∼20 days for a May and an August cohort in 2011, during which time there was no period of carbonate under-saturation. After testing various methods, we successfully isolated the shell from organic tissue using a 5% active chlorine bleach solution. Elemental compositions (Sr, Mg, C, N) of the shells post treatment showed that shell Sr/Ca ranged from 1.55 to 1.82 mmol/mol; Mg/Ca from 0.60 to 1.11 mmol/mol, similar to the few comparable published data for larval oyster aragonite compositions. We compare these data in light of possible biomineralization mechanisms: an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) path, an intercellular path, and a direct-from-seawater path to shell formation via biologically induced inorganic precipitation of aragonite. The last option provides a mechanistic explanation for: 1) the accelerated precipitation rates of biogenic calcification in the absence of a calcifying fluid; 2) consistently elevated precipitation rates at varying ambient-water saturation states; and 3) the high Ca-selectivity of the early-larval calcification despite rapid precipitation rates.
IDENTIFICATION OF LYMFHOTOXIN (LT) AS THE MEDIATOR OF DIRECT CYTOLYS IS OF L-929 CELLS BY MITOGEN ACTIVATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the identification of lymphotoxin (LT) as the mediator of direct cytolysis of L-929 cells by mitogen activated human lymphocytes in vitro. A study described in the chapter investigated the capacity of anti-lymphotoxin sera to block mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity of various target cells in vitro. Antisera were generated to three different classes of human LT: α-LT (MW 70–90,000), β-LT (MW 35–50,000), and antisera directed against whole supernatants containing lymphotoxin activity. The neutralizing capacity of this antisera is characterized as being IgG. Anti-α-LT IgG was absorbed on human lymphocytes, mouse L-929 fibroblasts, sepharose 4B affinity columns of human and bovine serum, and PHA-P. These absorptions did not reduce the LT-neutralizing capacity of anti-LT IgG. The chapter presents the relative reactivities of these antisera with their respective LT activities. The results obtained support the concept that the lymphocyte deposits a cytotoxic effector molecule on the surface of the target cells (TGC) during the lymphocyte dependent phase, which can mediate the destruction of that TGC even in the absence of the effector lymphocyte.
Development of a rapid UPLC-MS/MS determination of urine sulfocysteine for diagnosis of sulfocysteinuria and molybdenum co-factor deficiencies.

Aim: Molybdenum co-factor deficiencies and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency are rare autosomal recessively inherited diseases characterized by severe psychomotor impairment, intractable seizures, dislocated lens and dysmorphic facial features. The biochemical diagnosis of these diseases requires the determination of urine sulfocysteine. Materials & methods: Urine sulfocysteine was quantified by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–MS/MS assay. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability. Results & conclusion: Total imprecision of accuracy was less than 6%. Intra-assay and inter-assay precisions were less than 5%. The recovery was higher than 98%. The method is inexpensive, fast, accurate and has been successfully used for identifying five molybdenum co-factor deficient and six sulfite oxidase deficient patients since deployed.
Ice-Shelf Backpressure: Form Drag Versus Dynamic Drag

The traditional concept of ice-shelf backpressure, defined as the stress deficit reducing ice-shelf spreading rates below the unconfined-expansion limit, is inadequate to predict the stress regime at an ice-stream grounding line when the ice-shelf flow geometry differs from ideal, rectangular channel flow. This inadequacy results from the action of glaciostatic stresses distributed around the margins of an ice shelf, which lead to a reaction force, termed form drag, at the grounding line of an ice stream. Here, I examine the stress regime at the grounding line of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in terms of form drag and dynamic drag, the latter of which arises purely due to ice-shelf motion and viscous coupling at the ice-shelf shear margins. Finite-element simulations of the Ross Ice Shelf discussed here show that form drag dominates dynamic drag at the grounding line of ice streams B and C. As a demonstration of the consequence of this dominance, the future evolution of the Ross Ice Shelf, and of the stress regime at the grounding line of ice streams B and C are simulated to assess the response to impulsive removal of the Crary Ice Rise. This simulation shows that the forces restraining Ice Stream B do not change by a significant amount even after 1000 years of simulated adjustment. The forces restraining Ice Stream C, however, reduce by 40% over the 1000 year period, with an initial 25% change occuring within the first 250 years. This contrast between ice streams B and C is attributed to the dominance of form drag, its dependence on the ice-shelf thickness distribution, and the effect Crary Ice Rise has on the ice-shelf thickness at the grounding lines of the two ice streams.
Turbulent Buoyant Jets in Shallow Fluid Layers

Publisher Summary The classical approach toward the problem of jets, with or without buoyancy, neglects the induced pressure gradients within the resulting fluid motion. Analytically, this is justified by assuming an unbounded, infinitely large receiving fluid. Experimentally, that condition is met by insuring that the dimensions of the receiving medium are larger than the characteristic jet dimensions. There are numerous instances in applied problems of environmental fluid mechanics—that is, the analysis and design of man-made discharges into the hydrosphere or atmosphere—in which this fundamental assumption of the classical theory is not satisfied. Significant modifications of the usual jet or plume motions occur and entirely new and unexplained flow phenomena arise and require different analytical approaches. It is one of two factors, or a combination that produces such modifications in environmental jet flows. First, the ambient fluid might be a vertically bounded shallow layer so that the jet is strongly confined and has a tendency toward recirculation and local flow breakdown. Second and limited to buoyant conditions, the jet discharge at, and parallel to, a horizontal fluid boundary—even if the fluid is otherwise of unlimited depth—causes additional buoyant hydrostatic pressure forces within the jet that, in turn, affect the entrainment structure and global character of the jet.
Sexual intimacy challenges as markers of relational turbulence in couples with depression

Using the relational turbulence model, I test a model in which relational uncertainty and interference from a partner mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sexual intimacy challe...
Clonidine Infusion Therapy

Clonidine, an ⍺-adrenergic imidazoline derivative, was developed in the 1960’s to treat nasal congestion (Stahle, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 14:237–46, 2000). Researchers quickly discovered its decongestant properties was accompanied with significant hypotension and bradycardia (Stahle, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 14:237–46, 2000). Clonidine has been used extensively as an antihypertensive medication. More research on sympathetic ⍺2 receptor agonsim resulted in FDA to approval of clonidine for many other indications ranging from pain syndromes to sedation.
Human placental GLUT1 glucose transporter expression and the fetal insulin-like growth factor axis in pregnancies complicated by diabetes

We have previously described regulation of syncytial GLUT1 glucose transporters by IGF-I. Despite this, it is not clear what signal regulates transplacental glucose transport. In this report we asked whether changes in GLUT1 expression and glucose transport activity in diabetic pregnancies were associated with alterations in the fetal IGF axis. Cord blood samples and paired syncytial microvillous and basal membranes were isolated from normal term pregnancies and pregnancies characterized by gestational diabetes type A2 (GDM A2) and pre-existing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Circulating IGF-I, basal membrane GLUT1 expression and glucose transporter activity were correlated with birth weight, but only in control, not diabetic groups. Basal membrane GLUT1 and transporter activity were correlated with IGF-I concentrations in control, but not diabetic groups. IGF binding protein (IGFBP) binding capacity showed a ≥50% reduction in the diabetic groups compared to control; both showed a higher level of free IGF-I. The absence of a correlation between birth weight and factors such as fetal IGF-I or GLUT1 expression in the diabetic groups suggests that IGF-I-stimulated effects may have reached a limiting threshold, such that further increases in IGF-I (or GLUT1) are without effect. These data support that fetal IGF-I acts as a fetal nutritional signal, modulating placental GLUT1 expression and birth weight via altered levels of fetal circulating IGFBPs. Diabetes appears to exert its effects on fetal and placental factors prior to the third trimester and, despite good glycemic control immediately prior to, and in the third trimester, these effects persist to term.
Fast Stokesian dynamics

We present a new method for large scale dynamic simulation of colloidal particles with hydrodynamic interactions and Brownian forces, which we call fast Stokesian dynamics (FSD). The approach for modelling the hydrodynamic interactions between particles is based on the Stokesian dynamics (SD) algorithm (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 448, 2001, pp. 115–146), which decomposes the interactions into near-field (short-ranged, pairwise additive and diverging) and far-field (long-ranged many-body) contributions. In FSD, the standard system of linear equations for SD is reformulated using a single saddle point matrix. We show that this reformulation is generalizable to a host of particular simulation methods enabling the self-consistent inclusion of a wide range of constraints, geometries and physics in the SD simulation scheme. Importantly for fast, large scale simulations, we show that the saddle point equation is solved very efficiently by iterative methods for which novel preconditioners are derived. In contrast to existing approaches to accelerating SD algorithms, the FSD algorithm avoids explicit inversion of ill-conditioned hydrodynamic operators without adequate preconditioning, which drastically reduces computation time. Furthermore, the FSD formulation is combined with advanced sampling techniques in order to rapidly generate the stochastic forces required for Brownian motion. Specifically, we adopt the standard approach of decomposing the stochastic forces into near-field and far-field parts. The near-field Brownian force is readily computed using an iterative Krylov subspace method, for which a novel preconditioner is developed, while the far-field Brownian force is efficiently computed by linearly transforming those forces into a fluctuating velocity field, computed easily using the positively split Ewald approach (J. Chem. Phys., vol. 146, 2017, 124116). The resultant effect of this field on the particle motion is determined through solution of a system of linear equations using the same saddle point matrix used for deterministic calculations. Thus, this calculation is also very efficient. Additionally, application of the saddle point formulation to develop high-resolution hydrodynamic models from constrained collections of particles (similar to the immersed boundary method) is demonstrated and the convergence of such models is discussed in detail. Finally, an optimized graphics processing unit implementation of FSD for mono-disperse spherical particles is used to demonstrated performance and accuracy of dynamic simulations of particles, and an open source plugin for the HOOMD-blue suite of molecular dynamics software is included in the supplementary material.
A Linear Microwave Electro-Optic Front End With SiGe Distributed Amplifiers and Segmented Silicon Photonic Mach–Zehnder Modulator

The dynamic range of a radio-over-fiber (RoF) link is fundamentally limited by the linearity of electro-optic modulators. Silicon photonic (SiP) processes offer significant potential for integration, but the plasma dispersion effect impacts the realizable spur-free dynamic range (SFDR). This article analyzes the underlying source of nonlinearity in SiP Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and demonstrates fundamental limitations on intermodulation distortion. A SiGe low-noise distributed driver is co-designed for the SiP MZM to linearize and extend the bandwidth over which the SFDR remains high. The RoF transmitter achieves 1–20 GHz bandwidth and an SFDR of 109 dB $\cdot $ Hz2/3 at 11 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest SFDR demonstrated for a SiP technology without incorporating predistortion.
August Sander’s Habitus

August Sander’s (German, 1876–1964) project of photographing the German people began before World War II and gains its emotional heft as a record of a nation on the brink of its own self-imposed destruction. The meaning of German-ness can never be the same after World War II and the Holocaust, and August Sander’s photographs of the German people just before World War II reflect this state of approaching abyss. In this chapter, I focus on Sander’s photographs of a group of Germans whom he called “The Last People.” As well, I interpret his photographs of homeless, jobless, itinerant men as illustrative of a photographic uncanny, painting the image of a homeland (heimat) from which Sander is radically estranged (as he did not support the Nazis, and indeed was condemned by them), even though Germany is his country of birth. This homelessness within one’s home Sander depicts eloquently in photographs of “The Last People,” portraits that I will argue become a kind of double-image for Sander’s own predicament within his country, a man who has become homeless by staying home.
Herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is prevalent worldwide. Herpes labialis, caused predominantly by HSV-1, and herpes vulvovaginitis, caused predominantly by HSV-2, may result in significant morbidity and mortality for infected neonates exposed during delivery. The diagnosis of HSV infection is made by serological testing, viral culture, or polymerase chain reaction. Women with primary herpes vulvovaginitis exhibit a painful vesicular rash which is self-limited but may be followed by multiple recurrences. Women at greatest risk to transmit HSV to their neonates are those who experience their first episode of HSV during the latter stage of pregnancy. If infected, their neonates may have localized skin, eye and mucosal lesions, invasive central nervous system infection, or disseminated disease. Because of the potentially devastating outcome for a baby infected with HSV, pregnant women with active HSV lesions at delivery should be offered a cesarean section. Still, many neonates who are infected with HSV are born to women with asymptomatic HSV shedding. Therefore, prevention of HSV during pregnancy is exceedingly important.
Piecemeal crosslinguistic influence and multilingualism

Saussure proposed the division language/parole and argued that language can be studied as a formal system. Fifty years later Chomsky declared competence the core interest of linguistics. Although f...
Preparation of ruthenium-functionalized microgels through the intermolecular crosslinking of two functionalized polymers within droplets and study of their chemical/ photo-active behaviors

Abstract Ruthenium-functionalized microgels were prepared with the combination of microfluidics-based droplet template approach and the direct crosslinking of two types of functionalized polymers within the droplet “microreactor”. The microgels displayed a variety of properties, including the catalytic capability for Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, white light induced structural memory behavior and monochromatic lights triggered photolysis and structural degradation behaviors. The photo degradation mechanism is also proposed and further verified by multiple characterization methods.
Nepantlando: From borderlands foods to classroom acts of Nepantla

The border, as defined by Gloria Anzaldua, is conceptually marked by an ideological site called nepantla—a Nahuatl word that refers to a space existing in-between worlds. Nepantla is a performative...
Mechanisms of Neuropeptide Precursor Processing

In the past decade, more than 50 peptides have been identified in the nervous system as potential neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. These peptides produce distinct physiological and pharmacological effects on specific neurons, and are specifically localized and synthesized in the nervous system. Thus, in contrast to previous decades, when the neuropharmacologist needed to contend with only a few neurotransmitter candidates and receptor subtypes in the nervous system, the present situation abounds with an apparent “embarrassment of riches.” This diversity of potential intercellular peptidic messengers in the nervous system promises to become even more complex in the future for two reasons. First, new biologically active peptides will undoubtedly be discovered, and second, the biosynthetic mechanism for the generation of peptides is itself a potential generator of diversity. The generation of biologically active peptides involves the posttranslational processing of protein precursors (Douglass et al., 1984; Loh et al., 1984), which, in addition to containing the peptide sequence(s) of interest, also contain other (unpredictable) peptide sequences. Since the proteolytic cleavage processes are usually located in the secretory vesicles (Gainer et al., 1985), all these peptides will be cosecreted by exocytosis in response to a nerve impulse. While one of these secreted peptides may be the principal messenger at one site in the nervous system, any of the others could be the primary messenger at another site. In addition, variations in the posttranslational modifications of identical peptide precursors in different cells can lead to entirely different peptide products, with potentially different biological consequences (as for the case of proopiomelanocortin, see Chretien et al., this volume).
Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from water using manganese-aluminum coated sand: Kinetics, equilibrium, effect of pH and ionic strength

Removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from water was evaluated using a low-cost coated sand adsorbent for potential application in a flow-through filter system using permeable adsorption media. M...
Direct experimental 31P 2D DOSY NMR evidence for oligomerization of transition-metal substituted polyoxotungstates in nonpolar solvents

Abstract Transition-metal substituted polyoxotungstates (TMSPOTs) dissolved in toluene, where they form surfactant encapsulated clusters (SEC), have been recognized as potential catalysts for carbon dioxide activation. Therefore, their detailed structures in toluene are of great interest. This paper reports the first direct experimental evidence, based on 31-P 2D DOSY NMR, for the oligomerization of TMSPOTs in dry toluene. Two kinds of experiments are described in this paper. First, the 31-P 2D DOSY NMR data in aqueous solutions confirmed the reliability of 31-P 2D DOSY NMR for the determination of diffusion coefficients for the phospho-polyoxotungstates (P-POT) of various shapes. Second, 31-P 2D DOSY NMR for toluene solutions of tetraheptylammonium (THA) salts of cobalt- and nickel- substituted Keggin POTs (PW11Co and PW11Ni) and Weakley Co-POTs (P2W18Co4) showed the existence in the solution of polyoxotungstates with various sizes. For Keggin POTs (with one exchangeable water molecule) the slower and faster diffusing species were identified as the dimers and monomers, respectively. For Weakley POTs, with two exchangeable water molecules, the slower diffusing species is much greater than a dimer. The experimental results are in agreement with the results determined computationally using DFT method.
The 2020 trade collapse: Exporters amid the pandemic

Abstract International trade collapsed sharply during the 2020 global recession. This paper provides the first evidence of the response of exporting firms to the 2020 trade collapse. Based on customs and balance sheet data on Colombian firms, I establish that despite a large and sudden drop in the number of exporters, most of the decline in exports is accounted for by an intensive margin adjustment. Multinational affiliates experienced a milder decline in exports, while producers of intermediate inputs and capital goods faced a stronger collapse in exports relative to producers of final consumer goods.
Wake Steering Wind Farm Control With Preview Wind Direction Information

Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy in which upstream turbines operate with a yaw misalignment to deflect their wakes away from downstream turbines, yielding a net power gain for the wind plant. But the inability of wake-steering controllers to perfectly track the wind direction leads to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose the use of preview wind direction measurements upstream of the turbine to improve controller performance by anticipating wind direction changes. Further, data from an operational wind plant are used to determine realistic preview measurement accuracy. Using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) engineering wind farm control tool, we compare the performance of standard and preview-enabled baseline and wake-steering control for a two-turbine array during below-rated operation. Assuming perfect preview information, preview-based wake steering increases energy production by the equivalent of 8.9% of the baseline wake losses, compared to a wake loss recovery of 5.8% with standard wake steering. However, when realistic measurement accuracy is included, the preview-based controller provides no advantage over standard control, motivating the need for more sophisticated control and wind direction forecasting strategies.
Diminishing Regret for Online Nonconvex Optimization

A single nonconvex optimization is NP-hard in the worst case, and so is a sequence of nonconvex problems viewed separately. For online nonconvex optimization (ONO) problems, widely used local search algorithms are guaranteed to track a sequence of local optima, but offer no promises about global optimality. In this paper, we introduce the concept of nonconvexity regret to measure the performance of a local search method against a global optimization solver for ONO. We define the notion of depth of a global minimum, and show that memory and random explorations drive the nonconvexity regret to zero if the variability of the objective function is low compared to the depth of the global minima. We prove probabilistic guarantees on the regret bound that depend on the evolution of the landscapes of the time-varying objective functions. Then, based on the notions of missing mass and 1-occupancy set, we develop a practical algorithm that works even when there is no such information on the landscapes. The theoretical results imply that the existence of a low-complexity optimization at any arbitrary time instance of ONO can nullify the NP-hardness of the entire ONO problem. The results are verified through numerical simulations.
A core on the Atlantic margin of Europe: an urban bird assemblage in Cork City, Ireland

Urbanization threatens bird populations globally, however many urban habitats present important refugia for wildlife in this rapidly changing landscape. Additionally, birds at the periphery of their global range are more prone to landscape changes and thus these distributions are good indicators of the effects of urbanization on diversity; e.g., bird populations and communities of Cork City, Ireland. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects from urbanization on bird densities (birds/ha), species richness, and species composition throughout Cork City. I surveyed 32 points selected with a stratified random sample within commercial areas, residential habitats, and green spaces throughout Cork City during four breeding seasons between 2016-2019. Species richness was highest in green spaces with 18-34 species; whereas residential habitats had 14-27 species and commercial areas had 9-20 species. The most densely populated species citywide were rock pigeons (5.4-9.1 birds/ha), Eurasian jackdaws (2.9-3.8 birds/ha), rooks (4.5-6.4 birds/ha), European starlings (3.4-5.3 birds/ha), Eurasian blackbirds (2.4-3.6 birds/ha), and house sparrows (2.7-4.5 birds/ha). Overall a lack in urban green space surrounding survey points was most strongly associated with reduced species richness and population estimates. Also, both species richness and population densities tended to be higher in regions with less noise pollution and farther from the urban core. Ultimately these results corroborate other studies stressing the importance of urban green spaces for conserving biodiversity in cities. This is particularly important for the birds of Cork City given that these urban habitats are at the western edge of these species’ distributions.
Bullous Mastocytosis Presenting as Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood

We report a 6-month old male infant who presented to our pediatric dermatology clinic with a generalized bullous eruption since three months of age. A sepsis work up performed prior to presentation did not reveal any evidence of infection. Clinical presentation revealed multiple tense bullae in a “string of pearls” arrangement and multiple erosions on the bilateral upper extremities and trunk. This clinical presentation was strongly suggestive of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Laboratory evaluation revealed a normal complete blood cell count and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase level. Polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus types I and II was negative. Histological sections demonstrated a large space of separation between the epidermis and dermis which was filled by a monomorphous infiltrate composed of round to oval cells with centrally placed nuclei, consistent with mast cells. Leder and c-kit stains were strongly positive confirming the diagnosis of bullous mastocytosis. Direct immunofluorescence did not reveal IgA deposits or any other findings. Treatment included fluocinonide 0.05% cream QAM and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment QHS to active lesions, and silver sulfadiazine 1% cream to erosions. Improvement was noted during follow up examination.
The influence of upper body fatigue on dynamic standing balance.

Purpose/background Muscle fatigue is related to a decline in force output and proprioception. These can ultimately have an adverse effect on neuromuscular control and functional performance. Local muscle fatigue has been shown to have adverse consequences on dynamic standing balance; however, much less is known regarding the relationship between distant fatigue and dynamic standing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of upper body fatigue on dynamic standing balance. It was hypothesized that distant fatigue in upper body musculature would show a significant decrease in dynamic standing balance as assessed by the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). Methods TWENTY HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS (AGE: 25.0 ± 3.42 years, height: 172.72 ± 13.11 cm, mass: 71.36 ± 13.50 kg) participated in this study. A kayak ergometer was used to implement a fatigue protocol for the upper body. The protocol consisted of a graded intensity session ranging from 50% to 90% of maximum effort lasting ten minutes in duration (2 minutes each at 50% 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%). The anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) reach directions were normalized to leg length and measured on the YBT-LQ before and after the fatigue protocol for each participant. A fourth value termed overall balance was calculated as the sum of the furthest reach distance of the three directions. Blood lactate analysis taken before and immediately after the fatigue protocol was used to quantify fatigue. Multiple paired t-tests were performed for pre-fatigue and post-fatigue balance assessment. A Bonferroni correction was applied to set the significance value ≤0.0125 a priori. Effect size was calculated using the effect size index. Results Blood lactate values immediately following the fatigue protocol had an average concentration of 6.15 millimoles (pre: 2.3, post: 8.4). The ANT reach direction (ρ = 0.004) and the calculated overall balance (ρ = 0.011) significantly decreased post-fatigue in the dominant lower extremity. No significant differences were found for the PM (ρ = 0.017) or PL (ρ = 0.021) directions. The ANT reach direction (0.64) and overall balance (0.44) also showed a moderate effect size based on the effect size index. Conclusions ANT and overall dynamic standing balance were negatively affected after completing the upper body fatigue protocol. The findings of this research demonstrate that upper body fatigue has adverse effects on dynamic standing balance, as measured by performance on the YBT-LQ. Significant and clinically relevant differences were noted in ANT and overall dynamic standing balance. Clinical relevance Physical therapists should be aware of the adverse influence distant fatigue may exhibit on neuromuscular control in muscles not actively involved in the fatiguing exercise. The balance deficits noted may indicate an increased risk of injury with muscle fatigue in muscles not directly contributing to standing balance. Level of evidence 3b, Case-control study.
Holey Perfect Mendelsohn Designs of Type with Block Size Four

Let 4-HPMD denote a holey perfect Mendelsohn design with block size four. The existence of 4-HPMDs with holes of size 2 and one hole of size 3, that is, of type , was established by Bennett et al. in 1997. In this paper, we investigate the existence of 4-HPMDs of type for : a 4-HPMD() exists if and only if , except possibly for , (7, 6), (11, 9), (11, 10). We also investigate the existence of 4-HPMD() for general and prove that there exists a 4-HPMD() for all . Moreover, if , then a 4-HPMD() exists for all ; if , then a 4-HPMD() exists for all .
Human Aortic Valve Calcification

To the Editor: Rajamannan et al1 addressed the problem of bone formation in calcified aortic valves, quoting the publication of actual bone formation by Mohler et al.2 Mohler et al had indicated that ossification in calcified aortic valves was relatively common, finding evidence of valve ossification in 36 of 323 patients. Of historical interest, I reported ossification in the left ventricular wall of a patient who had died 3 years after a myocardial infarction.3 I could find no other example of human “myocarditis ossificans” in a literature search. In 1967, however, Selye et al4 reported on …