cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PeachPy meets Opcodes: direct machine code generation from Python

We introduce Opcodes, a Python package which presents x86 and x86-64 instruction sets as a set of high-level objects. Opcodes provides information about instruction names, implicit and explicit operands, and instruction encoding. We use the Opcodes package to auto-generate instruction classes for PeachPy, an x86-64 assembler embedded in Python, and enable new functionality.The new PeachPy functionality lets low-level optimization experts write high-performance assembly kernels in Python, load them as callable Python functions, test the kernels using numpy and generate object files for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X entirely within Python. Additionally, the new PeachPy can generate and run assembly code inside Chromium-based browsers by leveraging Native Client technology. Beyond that, PeachPy gained ability to target Google Go toolchain, by generating either source listing for Go assembler, or object files that can be linked with Go toolchain.With backends for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Native Client, and Go, PeachPy is the most portable way to write high-performance kernels for x86-64 architecture.
Miniaturizing Ultrasonic System for Portable Health Care and Fitness

We present a miniaturized portable ultrasonic imager that uses a custom ASIC and a piezoelectric transducer array to transmit and capture 2-D sonographs. The ASIC, fabricated in 0.18 $\mu$ m 32 V CMOS process, contains 7 identical channels, each with high-voltage level-shifters, high-voltage DC-DC converters, digital TX beamformer, and RX front-end. The chip is powered by a single 1.8 V supply and generates 5 V and 32 V internally using on-chip charge pumps with an efficiency of 33% to provide 32 V pulses for driving a bulk piezoelectric transducer array. The assembled prototype can operate up to 40 MHz, with beamformer delay resolution of 5 ns, and has a measured sensitivity of 225 nV/Pa , minimum detectable signal of 622 Pa assuming 12 dB SNR ( $4\sigma$ larger than the noise level), and data acquisition time of 21.3 ms. The system can image human tissue as deep as 5 cm while consuming less than 16.5 $\mu$ J per pulse-echo measurement. The high energy efficiency of the imager can enable a number of consumer applications.
CR submanifolds with vanishing second fundamental forms

In this paper, we show that all CR immersions from smooth Levi-nondegenerate hypersurfaces into hyperquadrics with vanishing CR second fundamental forms are necessarily linear fractional.
Hyperglycemic Response to Hypoglycemia in Diabetic and in Healthy Individuals

Summary1. In numerous healthy individuals and normal experimental animals hypoglycemia entails hyperglycemia in the post-absorptive state, irrespective of the experimental conditions which initiated the hypoglycemia. The phenomenon is interpreted as the result of a delay in the adjustment between the reaction velocities of glycogen breakdown and glycogen formation in the liver. 2. In the diabetic the same physiologic process takes place on a greatly magnified scale. Hypoglycemias, caused by overdoses of insulin, entail in the diabetic patient excessive degrees of hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Recurrence of this sequel over considerable periods of time progressively increases the instability of the patient and aggravates the disease.
Ear preference and abstractness in dichotic listening

Right ear preference in terms of percentage correct and number of ear orders was demonstrated in a dichotic listening context using noun pairs matched for initial phonemes. Ear order effects were markedly reduced as compared with previous results. The superiority of right over left ear was found in both immediate and delayed orders of reporting.
Simulation for Decision Making in Marketing

Simulation is an approach to problem solving which has as its focus the construction and study of computer models as descriptions of the problem being analyzed.Its usefulness in marketing comes fro...
U.S. Foreign Military Bases: The Edge and Essence of Empire

This paper is a consideration of U.S. global military basing and its impact on host countries and on U.S. domestic life.
Maternal serum but not breast milk IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 immune markers are associated with scratching among infants

Scratching in infants is considered to be related to early development of eczema. Little is known about the effects of maternal immune markers on scratching among infants. The objective is to compare the risks related to maternal serum immune markers (IMs) during pregnancy and IMs in breast milk for the occurrence of scratching in infants at 6 and 12 months of age. Pregnant women were recruited in Columbia and Charleston, South Carolina. Blood (median 3 weeks prepartum) and breast milk (3 weeks postpartum) samples were collected. The concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (or CXCL10), CCL11, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and immunoglobulin (Ig) A in both maternal serum and whey were assayed using optimized immunoassays. Scratching and skin manifestations were ascertained at 6 and 12 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of IMs for repeated measurements of scratching, considering intra-individual correlations and adjusting for confounders. Of 178 women, 161 provided blood and 115 breast milk samples. IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and CCL11 in maternal serum and whey were not analyzed due to a large proportion of non-detectable values. Infants in the highest tertile of IL-6 and IL-13 in maternal serum were at higher risk of scratching (RR 1.73 and 1.84, respectively; p ≤ 0.002) compared to infants in the first tertile; similarly, infants born to mothers with high (versus low) levels of serum IL-5 were also at increased risk (RR 1.60, p = 0.002). None of the breast milk IMs studied were associated with scratching. Scratching but not doctors diagnosed eczema was associated with higher levels of maternal IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 during pregnancy. Further investigations are necessary to determine how maternal serum IMs influence infants scratching.
Cabbage Worm Pest Insecticide Efficacy Evaluation in 2016

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticide treatments against worm pests (DBM and CL) on cabbage under desert growing conditions. Cabbage, ‘Red Jewel’ was direct transplanted on 14 Oct 2015 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, Holtville, CA into a row on beds of 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and furrow irrigation was used thereafter. Plots were four beds (13.3 ft) wide by 50 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, …
Clinical Pharmacological Actions and Potential Therapeutic Effects of Marihuana and Related Drugs

Medicinals derived from plants and other natural products have been utilized for many centuries. In fact, many drugs currently in the physician’s armamentarium are of botanical origin (Table 1). Marihuana is the common name given to the leaves and flowering tops obtained from the plant Cannabis sativa. Cannabis has been utilized for medicinal purposes for nearly 5,000 years. The Chinese Emperor Shen Nung published a monograph in 3,000 BC describing cannabis usage in the treatment of several disorders, including migraine, asthma and gynaecological problems. An extensive treatise on the use of cannabis for various medical conditions was published by O’Shaughnessy (1842); in which, its utility as an hypnotic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-anxiety and antitussive agent was outlined. As a result of O’Shaughnessy’s work, cannabis was introduced into European medicine and subsequently into other areas of Western medicine.
Is a single isocenter sufficient for volumetric modulated arc therapy radiosurgery when multiple itracranial metastases are spatially dispersed

Abstract Previous work demonstrated improved dosimetry of single isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of multiple intracranial targets when they are located ≤ 4 cm from isocenter because of narrower multileaf collimators (MLCs). In follow-up, we sought to determine if decreasing isocenter-target distance (diso) by using 2 to 3 isocenters would improve dosimetry for spatially dispersed targets. We also investigated the effect of a maximum dose constraint during VMAT optimization, and the dosimetric effect of the number of VMAT arcs used for a larger number of targets (i.e., 7 to 9). We identified radiosurgery cases that had multiple intracranial targets with diso of at least 1 target > 5 cm. A single isocenter VMAT plan was created using a standardized 4-arc technique with 18 Gy per target. Each case was then replanned (1) using 2 to 3 isocenters, (2) including a maximum dose constraint per target, and in the case of 7 to 9 targets, (3) using 3 to 6 arcs. Dose evaluation included brain V6 Gy and V12 Gy, and conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI), and heterogeneity index (HI) per target. Two isocenters were sufficient to limit diso to ≤ 4 cm and ≤ 5 cm for 11/15 and 13/15 cases, respectively; after replanning with 2 to 3 isocenters, diso decreased from 5.8 ± 2.8 cm (2.3 14.9) to 2.5 ± 1.4 cm (0 5.2). All dose statistics improved on average, albeit modestly: V6 Gy = 6.9 ± 7.1%, V12 Gy = 0.9% ± 4.4%, CI = 2.6% ± 4.6%, GI = 0.9% ± 12.7%, and HI = 2.6% ± 5.2%; however, the number of arcs doubled and monitor units increase by nearly 2-fold. A maximum dose constraint had a negative effect on all dose indices, increasing V12 Gy by 9.7 ± 6.9%. For ≥ 7 targets, increasing number of arcs to > 3 improved CI, V12 Gy, and V6 Gy. A single isocenter is likely sufficient for VMAT radiosurgery of multiple intracranial metastases. Optimal treatment plan quality is achieved when no constraint is placed on the maximum target dose; for cases with many targets at least 4 arcs are needed for optimal plan quality.
Optimization of a Clinically Relevant Model of White Matter Stroke in Mice: Histological and Functional Evidences.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE White matter (WM) injury during stroke increases the risk of disability and gloomy prognosis of post-stroke rehabilitation. However, modeling of WM loss in rodents has proven to be challenging. METHODS We report improved WM injury models in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were given either endothelin-1 (ET-1) or L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)ornitine (L-NIO) into the periventricular white matter (PVWM), in the corpus callosum (CC), or in the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC). Anatomical and functional outcomes were quantified on day 7 post injection. RESULTS Injection of ET-1 or L-NIO caused a small focal lesion in the injection site in the PVWM. No significant motor function deficits were observed in the PVWM lesion model. We next targeted the PLIC by using single or double injections of L-NIO and found that this strategy induced small focal infarction. Interestingly, injection of L-NIO in the PLIC also resulted in gliosis, and significant motor function deficits. CONCLUSIONS By employing different agents, doses, and locations, this study shows the feasibility of inducing brain WM injury accompanied with functional deficits in mice. Selective targeting of the injury location, behavioral testing, and the agents chosen to induce WM injury are all keys to successfully develop a mouse model and subsequent testing of therapeutic interventions against WM injury.
Testing the Effect of LMX and HR System Strength on Employee and Work Unit Outcomes

A single, large organization with a uniform set of HR practices, was used to test a model predicting that HR system strength (HRSS) and leader-member exchange (LMX) variables will predict employee perceptions of HR practices (HRPs), which in turn predict employee job satisfaction and work unit performance. The study findings suggest that HRSS and LMX are positively related to variance in job satisfaction and work unit performance, and that part of the variance is related to work unit supervisors charged with implementing HR practices. The proposed relationships were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Deformable Nanovesicles Synthesized through an Adaptable Microfluidic Platform for Enhanced Localized Transdermal Drug Delivery

Phospholipid-based deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) that have flexibility in shape offer an adaptable and facile method to encapsulate diverse classes of therapeutics and facilitate localized transdermal delivery while minimizing systemic exposure. Here we report the use of a microfluidic reactor for the synthesis of DNVs and show that alteration of input parameters such as flow speeds as well as molar and flow rate ratios increases entrapment efficiency of drugs and allows fine-tuning of DNV size, elasticity, and surface charge. To determine the ability of DNV-encapsulated drug to be delivered transdermally to a local site, we synthesized, characterized, and tested DNVs carrying the fluorescently labeled hydrophilic bisphosphonate drug AF-647 zoledronate (AF647-Zol). AF647-Zol DNVs were lyophilized, resuspended, and applied topically as a paste to the calvarial skin of mice. High-resolution fluorescent imaging and confocal microscopy revealed significant increase of encapsulated payload delivery to the target tissue—cranial bone—by DNVs as compared to nondeformable nanovesicles (NVs) or aqueous drug solutions. Interestingly, NV delivery was not superior to aqueous drug solution. Our studies show that microfluidic reactor-synthesized DNVs can be produced in good yield, with high encapsulation efficiency, reproducibility, and stability after storage, and represent a useful vehicle for localized transdermal drug delivery.
Aggressive Versus Conservative Initial Diuretic Dosing in the Emergency Department for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Background:Intravenous (IV) loop diuretics are recommended to relieve vascular congestion in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF); however, initial dosing is often empirical. Stro...
Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with high altitude travel

PurposeTo report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with travel at high altitude.MethodsCase report.ResultsA 67-year-old man presented 2 weeks after acute vision loss in his left eye t...
A dynamic spillover analysis of crude oil effects on the sovereign credit risk of exporting countries

Abstract We study the dynamic spillover of crude oil prices and volatilities on sovereign risk premia of ten oil-exporting countries. Among the determining variables, we include a set of local and global factors that are identified through principal components analysis. The results indicate 4%–31% directional spillover from crude oil prices to sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads. Venezuela, Colombia, Russia, and Mexico are the top recipients of crude oil shocks. The local and global factors explain a relatively large portion of the spillover as well (22.50% and 17.40% maximum, respectively). Further, using the OVX volatility index as a proxy for oil price uncertainty, we find an average directional volatility spillover of 9%. The effect of political variables, and aggregate demand and supply shocks are relatively less than the oil-specific shocks.
Spontaneously oscillating menisci: Maximizing evaporative heat transfer by inducing condensation

Abstract Understanding the fluid dynamics and the phase change heat transfer process within a thin liquid film is important to improve the performance of many industrial processes like coating or distillation. Studies by our group and other research teams showed that thin liquid films begin to oscillate spontaneously as the heat flux increases. We also found that the oscillation amplitude and frequency increase with increasing heat input. This implies that there is a heat transfer advantage to an oscillating thin film. We developed a numerical model to try and understand if there is an advantage to oscillation and under what conditions that advantage occurs. We found that oscillation can enhance net evaporative heat transfer but only if a short period of condensation exists within each oscillation cycle. Such condensation can be driven by intermolecular forces, capillary forces, Marangoni forces, or combinations of all three as we concluded from recent heat pipe experiments. Condensation increases the liquid film thickness at the contact line, and therefore decreases the disjoining pressure impediment to evaporation. These short condensation periods followed by fast evaporation appear as “spikes” in the liquid film thickness over time. These “spikes” were observed experimentally and mimicked by the simulations. Our calculations also show that the heat transfer efficiency increases with increasing oscillation frequency and amplitude in qualitative agreement with experiments.
Screening of ligands for redox-active europium using magnetic resonance imaging

We report a screening procedure to predict ligand coordination to EuII and EuIII using magnetic resonance imaging in which bright images indicate complexation and dark images indicate no complexation. Here, paramagnetic GdIII is used as a surrogate for EuIII in the screening procedure to enable detection with magnetic resonance imaging. The screening procedure was tested using a set of eight ligands with known coordination to EuII and EuIII, and results were found to be consistent with expected binding. Validation of the screening procedure with known coordination chemistry enables use with new ligands in the future.
F-18 FDOPA kinetics to diagnose Parkinson's disease: Simplifications for use in clinical practice

1241 Objectives FDOPA kinetics reliably diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD). Limitations are dynamic PET imaging, and need for an input function (IF). We used a pump for standardization of tracer administration, and Patlak graphical analysis to calculate influx rate. Results were compared to full dynamic imaging. Methods 6 patients with a clinical suspicion of PD were analyzed. 10mCi 18F-FDOPA was delivered by pump over 5min; PET acquisition was 125min. Cerebellar uptake was used as IF; uptake in caudates and putamina as output functions. The IF normalized to the peak was averaged over 6 patients to provide a “theoretical” IF. Individual IFs were derived by scaling the theoretical IF by the tail (5 points). Putamen and caudate ROI were defined manually, or by thresholding of parametric or summed images. No corrections were applied for partial volume, or IF metabolites. For the simplified method, Patlak analysis was applied to 6 frames of 5 min; the start varied from 60-95 min. Results Our clinical routine -manual ROI on parametric images, cerebellar IF, Patlak from 30-125min- served as reference standard. All patients were classified as having PD. For the simplified method, absolute values were similar and correlations best for a Patlak plot from 65-95min: caudate (r=0.99) and putamen (r=0.97) following processing that required Conclusions A simplified method was devised to estimate FDOPA influx rate using a theoretical IF, scaled by actual cerebellar uptake, and dynamic imaging from 60-90 min. Results show excellent correlation to those derived from full dynamic imaging.
Qual a evidência da restrição do consumo de açúcar nas crianças com PHDA

Introducao: A Perturbacao de Hiperatividade e Defice de Atencao (PHDA) e considerada a patologia neurocomportamental mais prevalente na infância, atingindo cerca de 3 a 7% das criancas em idade escolar. A intervencao terapeutica tem por objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de um equilibrio emocional e a otimizacao do desempenho academico, ocupacional e relacional. Preconiza-se uma abordagem terapeutica multimodal, incluindo intervencoes psicologicas e pedagogicas, farmacologicas e nutricionais. O papel da dieta como tratamento da PHDA e controverso, mas o topico continua a interessar aos pais e profissionais de saude, que preferem uma alternativa/complementaridade a medicacao instituida. Objetivo: Esclarecer se existe evidencia acerca da restricao dietetica de acucares no controlo da sintomatologia da PHDA. Metodologia: Em marco de 2016 foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliografica utilizando os termos MESH " Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ” e “ Dietary Carbohydrates ” em diversas bases de dados, de artigos escritos em ingles, portugues ou espanhol, e publicados nos ultimos 15 anos. Como criterios de inclusao foi definida uma populacao de criancas e adolescentes (<18 anos) com PHDA, cuja intervencao avaliasse a restricao de acucares simples na alimentacao em comparacao com placebo ou metilfenidato, e um outcome na melhoria da sintomatologia. Para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos e a forca de recomendacao foi utilizada a escala Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT), da American Family Physician . Resultados: A pesquisa efetuada resultou na identificacao de um total de 54 artigos. Foram excluidos os artigos repetidos, aqueles em que se verificou discordância com o objetivo da revisao e aqueles que nao cumpriam a totalidade dos criterios de inclusao. Deste modo, foram incluidos e analisados cinco artigos: uma guideline , um estudo observacional e tres revisoes nao sistematicas. Discussao: Verificou-se uma grande heterogeneidade nos estudos apresentados, assim como uma fragilidade no desenho dos trabalhos. Reconhece-se a dificuldade em conduzir ensaios clinicos bem estruturados, relativos a alimentacao, pela necessidade de ter em conta multiplos fatores passiveis de interferencia. Atualmente a evidencia disponivel e insuficiente para sugerir que a restricao do consumo de acucares refinados podera melhorar os sintomas da PHDA (SORT C).
A Data-Driven Robust Optimization Approach to Operational Optimization of Industrial Steam Systems under Uncertainty

Abstract This paper proposed a data-driven adaptive robust optimization approach to deal with operational optimization problem of industrial steam systems under uncertainty. Uncertain parameters of the proposed steam turbine model are derived from the semi-empirical model and historical process data. A robust kernel density estimation method is employed to construct the uncertainty sets for modeling these uncertain parameters. The data-driven uncertainty sets are incorporated into a two-stage adaptive robust mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework for operational optimization of steam systems. By applying the affine decision rule, the proposed multi-level optimization model is transformed into its robust counterpart, which is a single-level MILP problem. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, the case study of an industrial steam system from a real-world ethylene plant is presented.
Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hip

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, in collaboration with the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, the Hip Society, the American College of Radiology, the American Physical Therapy Association, the Limb-lengthening and Reconstruction Society, and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, released Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hip: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. The complete guideline is available on OrthoGuidelines (www.orthoguidelines.org). The guideline is intended to assist those taking care of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip in making decisions regarding the most appropriate treatment. A group of experts with knowledge of orthopaedic surgery, physical therapy, and musculoskeletal radiology developed 18 recommendations for nonoperative and operative treatment based on relevant literature. A companion article illustrates the use of these guidelines by discussing specific case examples and evidence-based treatments for osteoarthritis of the hip.
High-Power Magnetoelectric Voltage Tunable Inductors

Magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductors (VTIs) offer a new paradigm for power electronics circuit design. Here, air-gapped VTIs are demonstrated exhibiting a large inductance tunability of 220% with applied fields under 20 kVcm−1 and operational stability up to 5 MHz that covers the full frequency range of the state-of-the-art power electronics. The design of air-gapped VTI comprises of two C-shaped ferrite cores, one permeability-variable magnetic flux valve (MFV) in between C-shaped cores, and slotted air gap between cores and MFV. The tunability of VTIs is achieved through the electric field modulation of permeability in the MFV based on the magnetoelectric effect. There is a tradeoff between the tunability and saturation current. The introduction of air gap significantly reduces the tunability but provides methodology toward increasing the saturation current and power handling capability due to the increased reluctance. The inductance and tunability reduces by 50% with increase in the air-gap width from 0.07 mm to infinity (condition with no C-shaped cores). Phase field simulations demonstrate that the air gap affects the magnetization, permeability, and tunability of VTIs by tailoring the demagnetization field that further influences the magnetic domain rotation process. VTIs with increased frequency range and saturation current will strengthen the continued development of tunable power electronics.
Local immune cell infiltration in cutaneous acute graft versus host disease.

Abstract Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is a crucial intervention to definitively treat many hematopoietic malignancies, but it carries great risks of morbidity and mortality often associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Acute and chronic GVHD are distinct entities, defined by a combination of historical, clinical, and pathologic data, but both are generally thought to stem from self-propagating aberrantly activated immune cells inflicting end organ damage, with the potential to cause significant illness or even death. Event-free survival rates after hematopoietic stem cell transplant continue to improve each year, but GVHD remains a major hurdle in improving the efficacy and safety of transplant. Objective Recent studies demonstrating tissue-specific immune effector phenotypes underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways driving the destruction of target tissues in patients with acute GVHD. Methods Samples were collected from lesional and unaffected skin in five patients with acute cutaneous GHVD. Fresh tissue was processed for fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analysis of macrophages and lymphocytes. Results The percentage of lymphocytes and macrophages as a representation of total cells varied among patients and was not always consistent between lesional and unaffected sites. The heterogeneity in immune cell profiling observed in patients in this study could reflect the diverse demographics, conditioning, and transplant conditions of each individual. Conclusion This study provides initial insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of cutaneous GVHD progression and paves the way for additional studies to examine the cellular and molecular landscape in greater detail.
Switching selves?: The effects of gender role behaviour on women’s work and relationships

Women early in their career life cycle navigate gender roles and make decisions about their professional and personal lives. These decisions and experiences establish an important foundation for wo...
Ant mazes and astronomy: Harlow Shapley's entomological experiments at Mount Wilson Observatory and Pasadena, California

This article explores the entomological research of American astronomer Harlow Shapley (1885–1972). The focus is 1914–1921, the time that Shapley worked as a staff astronomer at Mount Wilson Observ...
Adapting Uncertainty Reduction Theory for Crisis Communication: Guidelines for Technical Communicators

The central components of an interpersonal communication framework such as uncertainty reduction theory can be adapted to design and evaluate crisis communication addressing uncertainty between cit...
Representational versus abstract imagery: Effects on purchase intentions between vice and virtue foods

Abstract Visual imagery is a vital component in consumer perceptions, especially with food products. However, research has neglected the role of imagery types (i.e., representational versus abstract) in those perceptions, especially in relation to two important categorizations of food items: vices and virtues. Three studies demonstrate that consumers respond more favorably when food products are depicted with representational (versus abstract) imagery. However, these effects vary depending upon if the product is a vice or a virtue. Specifically, vice products result in greater purchase intentions when depicted with representational imagery versus abstract imagery, whereas that advantage is attenuated between imagery types for virtue products. Further, visual clarity is revealed as the underlying process, and symbolic meaningfulness and anticipated guilt are ruled out as potential alternative explanations. The findings carry implications for retailers and brands seeking to increase or decrease consumption of vices and virtues, depending on the desired goal.
Upregulation of 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation upon loss of the ARF tumor suppressor.

Tumor cells require nominal increases in protein synthesis in order to maintain high proliferation rates. As such, tumor cells must acquire enhanced ribosome production. How the numerous mutations in tumor cells ultimately achieve this aberrant production is largely unknown. The gene encoding ARF is the most commonly deleted gene in human cancer. ARF plays a significant role in regulating ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, ribosome export into the cytoplasm, and global protein synthesis. Utilizing ribosome profiling, we show that ARF is a major suppressor of 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation. Genes with increased translational efficiency following loss of ARF include many ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Knockout of p53 largely phenocopies ARF loss, with increased protein synthesis and expression of 5′-TOP encoded proteins. The 5′-TOP regulators eIF4G1 and LARP1 are upregulated in Arf- and p53-null cells.
Maternal Psychological Well-Being and Infant Emergency Department Utilization.

A bstract Background A mother's psychological well-being impacts her own and her infant's health. Challenges to maternal psychological well-being (eg, depression, anxiety) are associated with increased infant emergency department (ED) utilization. It is not known if other maternal psychological factors, such as relational health and past maltreatment during one's own childhood, are also associated with child ED utilization. Objective Examine maternal psychological factors (ie, childhood maltreatment, mental health, and relational health) associated with infant ED utilization in the first year of life. Design/Methods Participants included 120 economically disadvantaged women recruited into a prospective longitudinal study during pregnancy and followed across the first year of their child's life. Mothers reported number of infant ED visits from birth to 1 year (assessed 12-months postpartum), as well as on their own childhood maltreatment, relational health, and mental health (assessed prenatally). Associations between maternal experiences and infant ED utilization were assessed via bivariate correlations and regression analyses. Results Infants attended on average 0.79 ED visits (range 0–6). Maltreatment during the mother's own childhood, poor relational health, and prenatal mental health symptoms were each associated with greater infant ED visits; maternal age, income, and education were not. In a Poisson regression, childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of infant ED utilization, followed by low acceptance from the mother's father figure and prenatal depression. Conclusions Prenatal assessment of psychosocial factors may help identify risk for higher ED use. Women with psychosocial risk factors may need additional support establishing supportive primary and behavioral health care before and after birth.
High performance modular and compact camera for ultraviolet instrumentation

Ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy has been a fundamental underpinning of multiple discoveries in the solar system. Advanced in ultraviolet detector, coatings, and grating technologies in concert with advances in detector driving electronics can lead to new instrument capabilities in potentially more compact forms. We will discuss design and fabrication and testing of a modular delta doped CCD camera that can be integrated with a variety of ultraviolet instruments including a custom UV Offner spectrometer, a spatial heterodyne spectrometer as well as imagers and other spectrometer designs. In this context, we will briefly discuss delta doped silicon arrays, and the custom Offner spectrometer developed at JPL using the convex gratings fabricated for shorter wavelength.
In suspected SARS-CoV-2, rapid antigen detection tests had 67% to 73% sensitivity and 98% to 100% specificity.

SOURCE CITATION: Favresse J, Gillot C, Oliveira M, et al. Head-to-head comparison of rapid and automated antigen detection tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Med. 2021;10:265. 33450853.
Cushing syndrome and glucocorticoids: T-cell lymphopenia, apoptosis and rescue by IL-21.

Background Pediatric endogenous Cushing syndrome (eCs) is mainly caused by pituitary corticotropin–producing adenomas, and most glucocorticoid-dependent effects progressively regress upon tumor removal. eCs reproduces long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, representing a clean, natural, and unbiased model in which to study glucocorticoid bona fide effects on immunity. Objective We performed extensive immunologic studies in otherwise healthy pediatric patients with eCs before and 6 to 13 months after tumor resection, as well as in in vitro glucocorticoid-treated control cells. Methods Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative PCR, and RNA-Seq techniques were used to characterize patients’ and in vitro glucocorticoid treated cells. Results Reduced thymic output, decreased naive T cells, diminished proliferation, and increased T-cell apoptosis were detected before surgery; all these defects eventually normalized after tumor removal in patients. In vitro studies also showed increased T-cell apoptosis, with correspondingly diminished NF-κB signaling and IL-21 levels. In this setting, IL-21 addition upregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 expression and rescued T-cell apoptosis in a PI3K pathway–dependent manner. Similar and reproducible findings were confirmed in eCs patient cells as well. Conclusions We identified decreased thymic output and lymphocyte proliferation, together with increased apoptosis, as the underlying causes to T-cell lymphopenia in eCs patients. IL-21 was decreased in both natural and in vitro long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid environments, and in vitro addition of IL-21 counteracted the proapoptotic effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, our results suggest that administration of IL-21 in patients receiving long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy may contribute to ameliorate lymphopenia and the complications associated to it.
Spatial Development and Agglomeration Economies in Services -- Lessons from India

Although many studies consider the spatial pattern of manufacturing plants in developing countries, the role of services as a driver of urbanization and structural transformation is still not well understood. Using establishment level data from India, this paper helps narrow this gap by comparing and contrasting the spatial development of services with that in manufacturing. The study during the 2001-2010 period suggests that (i) services are more urbanized than manufacturing and are moving toward the urban and, by contrast, the organized manufacturing sector is moving away from urban cores to the rural periphery; (ii) manufacturing and services activities are highly correlated in spatial terms and exhibit a high degree of concentration in just a few states and industries; (iii) manufacturing in urban districts has a stronger tendency to locate closer to larger cities relative to services activity; (iv) infrastructure has a significant effect on manufacturing output, while human capital matters more for services activity; and lastly, (v) technology penetration, measured by the penetration of the Internet, is more strongly associated with services than manufacturing. Similar results hold when growth in activity is measured over the study period rather than levels. Manufacturing and services do not appear to crowd each other out of local areas.
Self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite systems integrated on silicon substrate: Progress and future perspectives

Silicon (Si) integration is a critical step for implementing functional oxides into Si-based electronic devices, considering the advantages of low-cost and scalability of Si substrates. In the past decade, self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs) have attracted enormous research interest owing to their unique multifunctionalities and highly tunable physical properties as well as their one-step self-assembly process. Most of the VAN thin films have been reported to grow epitaxially on single crystalline oxide substrates, however, with limited systems reported on Si substrates due to the very large lattice mismatch between oxides and Si lattices. In this review, the current progress for self-assembled VAN systems integrated on a Si substrate is summarized. Buffer layered enabled VAN growth has been proven to be an effective approach for improving the epitaxial quality of oxide-oxide and oxide-metal VAN systems, while direct growth is preferred in nitride-metal VAN systems. The material versatility enables the Si-integrated VAN thin films to exhibit distinct physical properties such as ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, magnetoresistance, as well as unique optical properties. The review also summarizes the various parameters for tuning the growth morphologies and corresponding properties for the VAN systems, including phase molar ratio, deposition frequency, buffer layers, background pressure, etc. Finally, future perspectives are discussed including new VAN system exploration, physical properties tuning, as well as design and fabrication of Si-based nanoelectronics and nanophotonic devices applications.
Image Style Transfer and Content-Style Disentanglement

We propose a way of learning disentangled content-style representation of image, allowing us to extrapolate images to any style as well as interpolate between any pair of styles. By augmenting data set in a supervised setting and imposing triplet loss, we ensure the separation of information encoded by content and style representation. We also make use of cycle-consistency loss to guarantee that images could be reconstructed faithfully by their representation.
Sodium- and calcium-dependent steps in the mechanism of neonatal rat cardiac myocyte killing by ionophores. I: The sodium-carrying ionophore, monensin

Abstract Toxicosis by monensin, a Na+-selective ionophore, induces skeletal and cardiac muscle necrosis. Cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were killed by monensin (>0.2 μg/ml) beginning at 30 min and completing by 60–90 min. Other cultured cell types presumably lacking excitable membranes were not killed by monensin under these conditions. Cardiac myocytes were also killed by nigericin and nonactin (monovalent cation-carrying ionophores with low ion selectivity), but not by valinomycin, which has a high selectivity for K+. Monensin-induced killing was associated with formation of blebs in cell membranes and subsequent swelling of the cells during the early phases of killing, whereas surface membranes of cells permeabilized to trypan blue dye contained discrete small holes visible by scanning electron microscopy. Monensin-induced killing occurred at extracellular Na+ concentrations ≥10 m m , but not when Li+, K+, Cs+, Rb+, or choline ions replaced Na+ at concentrations up to 0.15 m . Killing was prevented at extracellular pH values ≤6.4 and was enhanced by ouabain, an inhibitor of Na + K + - ATPase-mediated Na+ transport. Several characteristics of monensin-induced cardiac myocyte killing were similar to those observed during killing induced by the Ca2+-carrying ionophore, A23187 plus Ca2+, including a requirement for extracellular Ca2+ concentrations >0.5 m m , inhibition by Mn2+ and Ni2+, and an associated stimulation of arachidonic acid release. The cell killing characteristics are consistent with a monensin-induced Na+ influx which admits toxic levels of extracellular Ca2+ to the cytoplasm of cells with excitable membranes, possibly via Na + Ca 2+ antiporter protein(s).
INTRAURETERIC PRESSURE ABOVE AND BELOW AN AREA OF COMPRESSION.

Abstract Ten dogs were studied to ascertain whether or not the ureter, when compressed to pressures near the normal systolic value, is able to react with increased systolic pressure or with other means of coping with an increased resistance caused by compressing tumor or pregnant uterus. The lower ureter was subjected to a compression of 50 or 100 cm. of water over a 1 cm. portion, above and below which intraureteric pressure was simultaneously recorded. Twenty-three compressions were performed. In one case the upper ureter was drained prior to the compression. Prior to compression. 1.1. Urine was expelled along the catheter in each case. 2.2. Pressure between contractions was low and ranged from 0 to 35 cm. of water. 3.3. Contractions lasted 2 to 4 seconds and increased pressure to 50 to 180 cm. of water. 4.4. The peristaltic waves traveled at 3 to 5 cm. per second and with a frequency ranging from 3 to 20 contractions per minute. 5.5. Retroperistaltic waves were frequently seen and could be provoked by mechanical stimulation of lower ureter. During compression. 1.1. No urine was expelled when the ureter was compressed to 100 cm. of water. 2.2. Urine continued to be expelled in 8 of 11 compressions to 50 cm. of water. 3.3. Pressure between contraction waves increased to 45 to 90 cm. of water in 11 cases. 4.4. Contraction waves above the compression were split, increased in frequency, and decreased in peak value. None of these changes were seen in the drained ureter. 5.5. Contraction waves below compression could completely disappear. Thus, only with an increase in frequency can the ureter cope with an augmented resistance. It is felt, however, that the relaxation of the ureter in pregnancy may be a safeguard against increase in intrapelvic pressure. The ureter may act as a low pressure reservoir which may empty when compression is released.
When You Pass on, Don't Leave the Passwords Behind: Planning for Digital Assets

The universe of digital assets is vast, including email accounts, picture and video storage sites, social networking sites, domain names, games and related sites; professional sites and backups; as well as online banking and business accounts. Moreover, digital assets go beyond online accounts to include your own personal or work computers, their hardware and software. If your clients are smart about their digital life, then they have numerous usernames, passwords, and security questions for their accounts. Trust and estates lawyers are increasingly helping to plan for the care of digital assets upon their client’s incapacity or death, providing advice concerning both the safekeeping of usernames and passwords and the disposition of the assets themselves. Each of these issues requires different techniques from the estate planning toolbox. Lawyers provide this planning for new clients, and they may often follow up with previous clients to ensure a periodic review of the disposition of these assets. This article discusses the reasons to engage in digital asset planning, the steps to plan for digital assets, the obstacles to planning for digital assets, and concludes by looking at what the future may hold.
Phase noise mitigation method with MMSE-based CPE estimator in MIMO-OFDM

Summary form only given. The combined application of MIMO and OFDM achieves high capacity and spectral efficiency. However, similar to SISO-OFDM, MIMO-OFDM suffers significant performance degradation due to the presence of phase noise. Although many methods have been developed to correct phase noise, they have not been extended to MlMO cases. In this paper, we proposed a new pilot aided MMSE (minimum mean square error)-based phase noise mitigation method which efficiently reduces the effect of phase noise for the general M/spl tau//spl beta//spl psi/ M/spl rho/ scenario. Moreover, an exact expression for the minimum estimation error in such mitigation scheme is also included, which can be used to obtain several key parameters of the system when it faces specific requirement.
TeamStorms as a theory of instruction

TeamStorms is a team-centered, problem-solving based approach to instruction, stressing active participation on the part of students in a constructivist learning environment. Not all students readily think in the abstract; however, this is not to say that they cannot. TeamStorms, combined with the LEGO/sup (R)/ Mindstorms/sup TM/ Robotics Invention System/sup TM/, attempts to provide a learning environment where the abstract world of computer science can be made real and concrete to students, teaching them knowledge and process skills that are foundational to the discipline.
Abstract 2557: Immune modulating agent ibrutinib blocks T-helper 17 activation and release of IL-17A while preserving T-regulatory cell function

T-helper 17 (Th17) cells play a causal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammation has been linked to various malignancies including gastrointestinal cancers, endometrial cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Th17 cells secrete effector cytokines that are distinct from other divergent T-cell subsets. The namesake cytokine IL-17A is particularly pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic,driving the recruitment, activation, and migration of fibroblasts,endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Increases in IL-17A have been seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn9s disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and encephalomyelitis. Dysregulated Th17 activity has also been linked to chronic graft versus host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Studies have shown that Th17 cells and T-regulatory (T-reg) cells are reciprocally regulated in the human body. T-regs produce anti-inflammatory cytokines that play an essential role in the prevention of autoimmune disease. At the molecular level Th17 cells rely upon ITK for T-cell receptor (TCR) induced activation. T-regs, however, utilize both ITK (IL2-inducible kinase) and RLK (resting lymphocyte kinase) establishing compensatory signaling cascades downstream of the TCR. Ibrutinib represents a first-in-class irreversible ITK inhibitor (Dubovsky et al: Blood July 25, 2013) with the established capacity to inhibit the activation of ITK dependent T-cells. Given our understanding of ITK and RLK expression in immune cell subsets we sought to determine whether ibrutinib could block Th17 cellular activation while preserving the functionality of T-regs. Our studies confirm that ibrutinib significantly blocks the TCR-induced activation of Th17 cells by up to 40% (p Citation Format: Carrie S. Yang, Jason A. Dubovsky, Danielle L. Chappell, Bonnie K. Harrington, Samantha Jaglowski, Jennifer A. Woyach, Amy J. Johnson, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd. Immune modulating agent ibrutinib blocks T-helper 17 activation and release of IL-17A while preserving T-regulatory cell function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2557. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2557
Specificity of the Evocator in Hydra

TISSUE from Hydra viridis boiled in water for ½–1 minute and implanted into the blastocale of Triton gastrulae evocates the formation of neural tissue and in some cases neural tubes1.
Practical science—research helping beekeepers 3. Varroa

Keith Delaplane, Associate Professor of Entomology, University of Georgia, continues his series of reports on how research has had a practical impact on beekeeping, with an article on one of the most serious threats to beekeeping worldwide—varroa.