cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online shopping intention in the context of data breach in online retail stores

Data breaches through hacking incidents have become a significant phenomenon in the world of online shopping. These breaches can result in loss of personal data belonging to customers. This study builds a research model to examine people's intention to engage in e-commerce in the context of a significant data breach (the Target breach in December 2013). In addition, this paper focuses on the difference in responses regarding post-breach online shopping intent among younger adults (below 55years) and older adults (senior citizens-above 55years). Our findings show the importance of internal (self) monitoring of bank transactions in reducing the effect of perceptions of severity of data breaches on post-breach online shopping intent particularly for senior citizens. The study also demonstrates that perceptions of severity of a hacking incident are significant drivers of perceived online shopping risk for both age groups. Further, perceptions of severity of a hacking incident are significant drivers of post-breach online shopping intent but only marginally significant for younger adults. Trusting beliefs in online shopping services and attitude toward e-commerce are significant for the older generation for post-breach online shopping intentions and also for younger adults. Gender is significant for seniors while it is not significant for younger adults. The impact of perceived online shopping risk on post-breach online shopping is significantly different between the two age groups. The implication of this research lies in informing shopping websites the need to prepare better plans for notifying customers about not only data breaches but also their proposed mitigation steps so as to increase trust and reduce perceived risks associated with online shopping. This paper focuses on the difference in responses regarding post-breach online shopping intent among younger adults (below 55years) and older adults (senior citizens-above 55years).Findings show the importance of internal (self) monitoring of bank transactions in reducing the effect of perceptions of severity of data breaches on post-breach online shopping intent, particularly for senior citizens.The study also demonstrates that perceptions of severity of a hacking incident are significant drivers of perceived online shopping risk for both age groups, and while they are significant drivers of post-breach online shopping intent for seniors, they are only marginally significant for younger adults.Trusting beliefs in online shopping services and attitude towards e-commerce are significant for the older generation for post-breach online shopping intentions and also for younger adults.Gender and the impact of perceived online shopping risk on post-breach online shopping are significantly different between the two age groups.
Efficacy of Using Vaginal Conductivity as an Indicator of the Optimum Time to Breed in Swine

Two experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of using vaginal conductivity measurements to predict ovulation time in swine. In Exp. 1, 10 normally cycling 6-mo-old purebred Hampshire gilts were tested daily through two estrous cycles in order to characterize conductivity patterns. In all females, onset of behavioral estrus was verified by daily observation in the presence of a sexually active boar. Significant changes in vaginal conductivity by day of the cycle were detected in all females tested, with a high degree of variation among individuals. A 10% increase in conductivity occurred 12 to 24 h after the onset of estrus, which is coincident with the time normally associated with high fertility. In Exp. 2, 46 prepubertal crossbred and purebred Yorkshire gilts and 17 multiparous purebred Yorkshire and Duroc sows were assigned randomly to eight treatment groups. All females were checked twice daily for the onset of estrus and vaginal conductivity readings were taken from approximately 3 d before estrus until breeding. Females were bred by artificial insemination or handmated at times determined either by detection of estrus alone or when a 10% increase in conductivity readings occurred relative to the onset of estrus. Similar conception rates were achieved in animals bred after a 10% change in vaginal conductivity as compared with detection of estrus. These results indicate that vaginal conductivity measurements during estrus provided a reliable basis for determining the time to breed swine. However, there was no advantage associated with the use of vaginal conductivity.
Review: 4 clinical signs are precise and accurate for predicting poor outcome in postcardiac arrest coma.

Source Citation Booth CM, Boone RH, Tomlinson G, Detsky AS. Is this patient dead, vegetative, or severely neurologically impaired? Assessing outcome for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. JAMA. ...
Random-cluster dynamics in $${{\mathrm{\mathbb {Z}}}}^2$$

The random-cluster model has been widely studied as a unifying framework for random graphs, spin systems and electrical networks, but its dynamics have so far largely resisted analysis. In this paper we analyze the Glauber dynamics of the random-cluster model in the canonical case where the underlying graph is an \(n \times n\) box in the Cartesian lattice \({{\mathrm{\mathbb {Z}}}}^2\). Our main result is a \(O(n^2\log n)\) upper bound for the mixing time at all values of the model parameter p except the critical point \(p=p_c(q)\), and for all values of the second model parameter \(q\ge 1\). We also provide a matching lower bound proving that our result is tight. Our analysis takes as its starting point the recent breakthrough by Beffara and Duminil-Copin on the location of the random-cluster phase transition in \({{\mathrm{\mathbb {Z}}}}^2\). It is reminiscent of similar results for spin systems such as the Ising and Potts models, but requires the reworking of several standard tools in the context of the random-cluster model, which is not a spin system in the usual sense.
Steady-State Modeling and Analysis of a Double-Sided Interior Permanent-Magnet Flat Linear Brushless Motor With Slot-Phase Shift and Alternate Teeth Windings

Analytic modeling techniques of a double-sided interior permanent-magnet flat linear brushless motor (IPM-FLBM) with slot-phase shift and alternate teeth windings are proposed in this paper. Since the buried-type IPM-FLBM with the slot-phase shift and alternate teeth windings is fairly new compared with conventional linear motors, little research has been previously done in modeling and analysis. The analytic models presented in this paper provide the effective and reliable methods for this new type of linear motor. For this purpose, a simplified magnetic equivalent circuit and superposed winding function are investigated. A variable winding function is newly developed in order to evaluate the inductances of the salient motor with the alternate teeth windings. All analytic models are verified with 3-D finite-element analyses (FEAs) step by step. The steady-state thrust force is modeled using a classical closed-form solution for linear brushless ac motors. The static end-effect and cogging forces for the ripple force evaluation are investigated using FEA. The validities for performance parameters are demonstrated experimentally.
The Role of Media in Finance

Abstract This chapter reviews and synthesizes a rapidly growing subfield that analyzes the relation between media and financial markets. Research in this area identifies novel data sources, such as newspaper articles, Internet search queries, and posts on social networks, and employs inventive empirical methods, notably textual analysis, to quantify the rich information environment in modern financial markets. Such data and methods enable powerful tests of theories and have the potential to address longstanding puzzles in finance, such as why trading volume and stock price volatility are so high.
Older adult social participation and its relationship with health: Rural-urban differences

In an aging world, there is increased need to identify places and characteristics of places that promote health among older adults. This study examines whether there are rural-urban differences in older adult social participation and its relationship with health. Using the 2003 and 2011 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n=3006), I find that older adults living in rural counties are less socially active than their counterparts in more-urban counties. I also find that relationships between social participation and health vary by the type of activity and rural-urban context.
Mechanical and electrical behavior of carbon fiber structural capacitors: Effects of delamination and interlaminar damage

Abstract This paper studies the effects of delamination and interlaminar damage on the mechanical and electrical performance of carbon-fiber structural capacitor (CFSC) materials. An experimental program was carried out to characterize the mechanical behavior and electrical capacitance change of CFSCs, where unidirectional tension and double cantilever beam tests were performed on specimens having three dielectrics and four layup configurations. The degradation of electric capacitance was measured as a function of the applied mechanical load. Generally, the load-bearing capacities of CFSCs are lower than their carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy counterparts. Interlaminar damage initiates at the dielectric/carbon fiber interface during early stages of loading, causing capacitance decay and premature laminate failure. The dielectric material and layup configuration have impacts on both mechanical and electrical properties of the CFSC. In general, thinner dielectric separators lead to higher nominal strength and higher initial capacitance. Moreover, it was found that the load-induced capacitance deterioration is mainly attributed to interlaminar damage, and the electrical capacitance retention under loading depends largely on the interfacial fracture toughness between the separator and matrix polymer. Lastly, a capacitance deterioration model (CDM) was derived to calculate the capacitance decay taking account factors including the separator material type, fiber weave-pattern, and interfacial cracks propagation.
Measurement of Glass Transition Temperatures of Freeze-Concentrated Solutes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Thermal analysis of aqueous solutions in which the solute does not crystallize immediately upon freezing was carried out to define the effects of experimental parameters on thermograms in the glass transition region. The intensity of enthalpy relaxations in the glass transition region is related to both the rate of cooling and the rate of heating through the glass transition region—slow cooling or slow heating increases the extent of structural relaxation in the glassy state and increases the intensity of the endotherm. Plots of the logarithm of heating rate versus l /Tg′ are linear, and activation enthalpies for structural relaxation are in the range of 210–350 kJ/mol. For polymeric solutes, both the activation enthalpies for structural relaxation and the heat capacity change accompanying the glass transition increase with increasing molecular weight of the solute. Molecular weight dependence of the observed midpoint of the glass transition agrees with the Fox–Flory relationship. Results are compared and contrasted with glass transitions in solid polymers and with the glass transition of hyperquenched water. Practical implications for characterization of formulations intended for freeze-drying are discussed.
Localization of subsurface photoacoustic fiducials for intraoperative guidance

Intraoperative guidance is often used during procedures to provide surgeons with information linking the current surgical scene to some preoperative plan or model. This allows surgeons to visualize structures or targets of interest that are not visible in the intraoperative imaging modality. A common method to enable this type of technology is the use of fiducials that can be located both preoperatively and intraoperatively. In this work, we focus on the registration of preoperative computed tomography with intraoperative three-dimensional ultrasound. We examine the use of titanium fiducials activated intraoperatively by the photoacoustic effect. The photoacoustic effect is generated when the metal fiducials are illuminated by laser light, resulting in an acoustic signal at each fiducial that can be observed by a conventional ultrasound transducer. A transrectal ultrasound transducer is translated to generate a three-dimensional ultrasound volume. The set of fiducial points are segmented from the three-dimensional ultrasound volume and registered with the corresponding set of fiducial points segmented from the computed tomography volume. The target registration error metric is used to validate the registration between these two coordinate systems. The resulting target registration error was 1.55 ± 0.62mm. It was observed in this experiment that there were certain acoustic reverberation and refraction artifacts that occurred at distances coinciding with the size of the fiducial. Further work with different shapes and sizes of fiducials may be necessary to quantify and analyze how they affect the generation of a photoacoustic signal.
Strategies for management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes.

Islam is the second most common religion in the world, and there are 1.6 billion Muslims, many in areas where diabetes is prevalent. Each year observant Muslims fast during the daylight hours for the holy month of Ramadan. It is estimated that 50 million diabetic people fast between dawn and sundown
Design and Analysis of Cycloconverter to Run Split Phase Induction Motor Using PWM Control

In this paper, novel design of a cycloconverter to run a split phase inductor motor to minimize the total harmonic distortion is proposed. The design of a cycloconverter involves two semiconductor switching devices, namely, IGBT and Thyristor for reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD). To realize this, a demand torque and rotor speed of a split phase induction motor is studied. The cycle duration of torque characteristics is divided into suitable number of time intervals (subdivision). These subdivisions of time intervals are in the form of frequencies and used to simplify the cycloconverter design. Change in the frequency at a particular subdivision results in the change in electromagnetic torque of the split phase induction motor. Proposed designs with IGBT and thyristor are compared for their performance with reference to cyclcoconverter designs without any switching devices and with varying firing angles and it is observed that the performance of the thyristor switched cycloconverter reduced the total harmonic distortion more than the IGBT controlled cycloconverter. Varying firing angles were generated using PWM techniques. In other words, split phase induction motor is used as a load for the cycloconverter. However, to drive varying mechanical loads for longer duty cycle, machine needs to minimize the transients which can be made possible with PWM techniques. The output voltage can also be accomplished without any external components for reducing total harmonic distortion (like switching devices). PWM is used to control the switching thereby minimizing the lower order harmonics while it turns on the device and eliminates the higher order harmonics when it turns off the switching device. This gives a reduction in the total harmonic distortion of upto 65.85% for IGBT switching while it reduces to 62.58% with Thyristor controlled switching.
Landscape Genetics of Aedes mcintoshi (Diptera: Culicidae), an Important Vector of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Northeastern Kenya

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a vector-borne, zoonotic disease that affects humans, wild ungulates, and domesticated livestock in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Rift Valley fever virus exhibits interepizootic and epizootic phases, the latter defined by widespread virus occurrence in domesticated livestock. Kenya appears to be particularly vulnerable to epizootics, with 11 outbreaks occurring between 1951 and 2007. The mosquito species Aedes mcintoshi (subgenus Neomelaniconion) is an important primary vector for RVFV in Kenya. Here, we investigate associations between genetic diversity and differentiation of one regional subclade of Ae. mcintoshi in Northeastern Kenya with environmental variables, using a multivariate statistical approach. Using CO1 (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) sequence data deposited in GenBank, we found no evidence of isolation by distance contributing to genetic differentiation across the study area. However, we did find significant CO1 subpopulation structure and associations with recent mean precipitation values. In addition, variation in genetic diversity across our seven sample sites was associated with both precipitation and percentage clay in the soil. The large number of haplotypes found in this data set indicates that a great deal of diversity remains unsampled in this region. Additional sampling across a larger geographic area, combined with next-generation sequencing approaches that better characterize the genome, would provide a more robust assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation. Further understanding of the genetic structure of Ae. mcintoshi could provide useful information regarding the potential for RVFV to spread across East African landscapes.
Preparation of high-entropy AlCoCrCuFeNiSi alloy powders by gas atomization process

Abstract High-entropy Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi, Al0.5CoCrCuFeNiSi1.2 and Al0.5CoCrCuFeNiSi2.0 alloy powders were successfully prepared by gas atomization process. All alloy powders have spherical shapes with smooth surfaces. The median particle size distribution D50 is about 27 μm for different alloy compositions. With the addition of silicon, the fast cooling rate of gas atomization process reduce segregation, together with the solid solution strengthening effect increases the hardness of powders from 200.5 to 751.8 Hv without reducing the crystallinity of the alloy. The high-entropy alloy powders which prepared by gas atomization process can be potentially used for additive manufacturing applications.
Machine learning properties of binary wurtzite superlattices

The burgeoning paradigm of high-throughput computations and materials informatics brings new opportunities in terms of targeted materials design and discovery. The discovery process can be significantly accelerated and streamlined if one can learn effectively from available knowledge and past data to predict materials properties efficiently. Indeed, a very active area in materials science research is to develop machine learning based methods that can deliver automated and cross-validated predictive models using either already available materials data or new data generated in a targeted manner. In the present contribution, we show that fast and accurate predictions of a wide range of properties of binary wurtzite superlattices, formed by a diverse set of chemistries, can be made by employing state-of-the-art statistical learning methods trained on quantum mechanical computations in combination with a judiciously chosen numerical representation to encode materials’ similarity. These surrogate learning models then allow for efficient screening of vast chemical spaces by providing instant predictions of the targeted properties. Moreover, the models can be systematically improved in an adaptive manner, incorporate properties computed at different levels of fidelities and are naturally amenable to inverse materials design strategies. While the learning approach to make predictions for a wide range of properties (including structural, elastic and electronic properties) is demonstrated here for a specific example set containing more than 1200 binary wurtzite superlattices, the adopted framework is equally applicable to other classes of materials as well.
Polymorphic Assemblies of Tubulin

This chapter does not deal directly with cell motility as such; rather, it focuses on various structural manifestations of tubulin, the constituent protein of microtubules. Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of cells, and only recently have we begun to perceive the associations between microtubules and other components of the cytoskeleton, such as actin (Griffith and Pollard, 1978; Fujii and Tanaka, 1979). There are several reasons that polymorphic assemblies of tubulin are of interest. First, determining how such structures are formed (e.g., under what conditions) and into what they might be transformed would provide information on the assembly potential of the tubulin dimer, either with or without the associated proteins that copurify with tubulin. Second, by studying the arrangement of dimers in tubulin polymorphs, information can be obtained on the various kinds of binding interactions between dimers and possible conformational states of the molecule. The kinds of structures that can be formed, and their stability, can provide clues to the tubulin polymorphs that may exist in vivo in normal and diseased or aged cells, even though there is always uncertainty associated with the degree to which the behavior of tubulin in vitro can be extrapolated to its behavior in vivo in the cytoplasmic milieu of the living cell.
Applications of the differential balances to momentum transfer

Let us now see what must be done in order to arrive at detailed descriptions for the configurations and motions of adjoining multiple phases within specified boundaries consistent with the principles we have developed in the preceding two chapters.
Caution: Enterprise Zones

This article analyzing the likely impact of tax incentives proposed in federal enterprise zone legislation appeared some 25 years ago, long before SSRN existed. I am posting it now because its arguments bear upon current discussion and expectations regarding Opportunity Zones. The 1993 article urged that any geographically based tax incentives include incentives to hire workers. For example, it quoted a 1991 CRS study by Jane Gravelle warning that “a capital subsidy will actually decrease employment and wages, making the residents of the zone worse off than they were before.” It also described how the section 936 income tax credit for Puerto Rico produced few jobs. The Opportunity Zone provisions lack any tax incentives for labor, although some commentators, such as students in Professor Clint Wallace’s University of South Carolina Law School’s Tax Practicum Class have suggested interpretations of the statute that would permit such incentives. The absence of incentives for labor will blunt the impact of this new law. More fundamentally, the article questioned geographically based tax incentives, whether for labor or capital. It reviewed evidence from other attempts at establishing enterprise zones, including state programs with tax incentives for both labor and capital that failed to achieve the desired impact. Results were disappointing even when tax incentives for capital reduced current operating costs for businesses by lowering property or sales taxes, rather than focusing, as Opportunity Zones do, on long-term capital gains. Experience with enterprise zones suggests that Opportunity Zones will do little to spur meaningful economic development and job creation in distressed communities.
Evaluation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals for laser cooling

Much effort has gone into realizing laser cooling with solids over the last two decades. Multiple attempts have been made with systems that include rare-earth doped glasses, GaAs heterostructures, CdS nanobelts and hybrid perovskite nanoplatelets. Here we suggest that CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals may eventually lead to verifiable demonstrations of condensed phase laser cooling. The highest emission quantum yield we have realized in CsPbBr3 nanocrystal ensembles is 99.9% at room temperature. This value lies above the critical quantum yield for CsPbBr3, needed to realize laser cooling. We also find that associated CsPbBr3 nanocrystal emission up-conversion efficiencies are large and are 75% and 32% for laser detuning energies of 24 meV and 105 meV.
Israel's Armor: The Israel Lobby and the First Generation of the Palestine Conflict

The United States and Israel have long had a 'special relationship'. The US became the first country in the world to recognize the state of Israel in 1948, and has been an important ally and benefactor ever since. A critical component of the special relationship is the pro-Israel lobby. Although the lobby has been a controversial topic in public affairs, it has been widely understudied. Israel's Armor fills a gap in the existing literature by examining the origins and early history of the Israel lobby, looking at its influence on American foreign policy, and weaving its activities into the diplomatic history of the first generation of the Palestine conflict. Covering the period roughly from World War II to the pivotal June War, 1967, Walter L. Hixson demonstrates that the Israel lobby from the outset played a crucial role in mobilizing US support for the Zionist state.
Preliminary Analysis of Age-Class Structure and Longevity for the Endangered Pygmy Madtom

Developing an understanding of life history of a rare species is vital to formulating conservation strategies for its management and protection. Current knowledge about Noturus stanauli, the Pygmy Madtom, includes morphology, scant distribution data, and genetic analysis between populations in the Clinch and Duck rivers. In this study, we assembled a list of standard (SL) and total (TL) lengths for 45 individuals from our observations, museum records, and agency reports. Results using TL indicate two age classes (young-of-the-year and adult) throughout the year, a spawning period in late June–late August, and maximum longevity of approximately 1.5 years. In our collections, lengths ranged from 14–42 mm TL (n = 41), with a mean of 30.5 mm TL.
Differential activation of the mTOR/autophagy pathway predicts cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice

The molecular bases underlying cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease remain elusive. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular correlates of memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice, a widely used animal model of Alzheimer's disease. To this end, we tested 18-month-old APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and ranked them by their spatial memory performance. We found that some APP/PS1 mice performed poorly, whereas others performed as well as nontransgenic mice. We took advantage of this intragroup variability to identify the best predictor of cognitive deficits. In this APP/PS1 cohort, soluble and insoluble amyloid-β levels did not correlate significantly with cognitive performance. However, we found that cognitive performance within the APP/PS1 group had a strong inverse correlation with Aβ plaque load and mammalian target of rapamycin activation and positively correlated with autophagy activation. Our data suggest that mammalian target of rapamycin signaling may account cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice.
Comparing Signal-Contingent and Event-Contingent Experience Sampling Ratings of Affect in a Sample of Psychotherapy Outpatients

Experience sampling methods are widely used in clinical psychology to study affective dynamics in psychopathology. The present study examined whether affect ratings (valence and arousal) differed as a function of assessment schedule (signal- versus event-contingent) in a clinical sample and considered various approaches to modeling these ratings. A total of 40 community mental health center outpatients completed ratings of their affective experiences over a 21-day period using both signal-contingent schedules (random prompts) and event-contingent schedules (ratings following social interactions). We tested whether assessment schedules impacted 1) the central tendency (mean) and variability (standard deviation) of valence or arousal considered individually, 2) the joint variability in valence and arousal via the entropy metric, and 3) the between-person differences in configuration of valence-arousal landscapes via the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) metric. We found that event-contingent schedules, relative to signal-contingent schedules, captured higher average levels of pleasant valence and emotional arousal ratings. Moreover, signal-contingent schedules captured greater variability within and between individuals on arousal-valence landscapes compared to event-contingent schedules. Altogether, findings suggest that the two assessment schedules should not be treated interchangeably in the assessment of affect over time. Researchers must be cautious in generalizing results across studies utilizing different experience sampling assessment schedules.
Additive manufacturing of fracture fixation implants: Design, material characterization, biomechanical modeling and experimentation

Abstract Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) have motivated researchers to consider this fabrication technique as a solution for challenges in patient-specific orthopaedic needs. Although there is an increasing trend in the applications of AM in medical fields, there is a critical need to understand the biomechanical performance of AM implants. In particular, design opportunities, anisotropic material properties and resulting stability of AM implant constructs for large bone defects such as osteosarcoma, comminuted fractures and infections are unexplored. This study aims to evaluate metal AM for complex fracture fixation using both computational and experimental methods. In addition, this research highlights the role of AM in the entire workflow to fabricate metal AM fixation plates for treatment of comminuted proximal humerus fractures. A new AM-centric patient-specific implant design for reducing common postoperative complications such as varus collapse and screw cutout is investigated. Biocompatible 316L stainless steel specimens processed in laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is subjected to tensile testing and post-hoc microhardness to obtain orthotropic material properties of the AM implants. Subsequently, risk of screw cut-out is evaluated using finite element modelling (FEM) of AM implant-bone constructs. Parallel experiments included synthetic bones that are evaluated using a 3D motion capture system. The biomechanical tests are analyzed to quantify the medial fracture gap displacement among study groups subject to different loading conditions. The outcomes of this study suggest that the proposed AM-centric fixation plate design reduces average varus collapse (i.e. medial fracture gap displacement) by 47.2 % and risk of screw cut-out by 14.6 % when compared to the conventional plate design. Findings from this study can be extended to other patient anatomy, loading conditions, and AM processes.
Swallowing Screening: Purposefully Different From an Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Related to Clinical Yield, Interprofessional Roles, and Patient Selection

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to summarize the goal and process by which identification of individuals at risk for having feeding problems or dysphagia is clinically screened across the life span by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The topic of this clinical focus article was presented at the Charleston Swallowing Conference in Chicago, Illinois, in July 2018. The contents of this clinical focus article offer an expanded summary of information discussed at this meeting with focus on critical considerations to guide clinical decisions by SLPs regarding the optimal feeding and dysphagia screening approach and process. Conclusion Screening is a critical first step in the identification of individuals at risk for feeding problems and dysphagia across the life span. Understanding the difference between screening and assessment objectives as well as having the knowledge, skills, and clinical competency to implement psychometrically sound screening approaches is a recommended clinical practice standard for SLPs working with these clinical populations. This clinical focus article summarizes critical considerations for identifying individuals at risk for feeding problems and dysphagia across the life span to guide clinicians working with dysphagia populations.
Linking Bioeconomy to Redevelopment in Contaminated Sites: Potentials and Enabling Factors

• This article proposes a bioeconomy approach to the management of contaminated sites with the aim to identify actions for the development of a common policy framework for environmental protection and sustainable development; • Among the policies addressing pollution on land and at sea, we identify four main gaps that hamper the implementation of measures for the prevention and management of contaminated sites from local to systemic scales; • We introduce three concepts from bioeconomy - i) value-chain, ii) regional perspective and iii) multi-sector approach - that are potentially conducive to socio-economic and environmental improvement of degraded areas in Europe.
The Bakken–Three Forks super giant play, Williston Basin

The Williston Basin Bakken petroleum system is a giant continuous accumulation. The petroleum system is characterized by low-porosity and -permeability reservoirs, organic-rich source rocks, and regional hydrocarbon charge. Total Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formation production to June 2019 is 3.3 billion bbl (0.52 billion m3) and 4.8 tcf of gas (0.135 trillion m3) from 19,075 wells. Daily production is over 1 million bbl (160,000 m3) per day. The Bakken Formation regionally in the Williston Basin consists of four members: upper and lower organic-rich black shale, a middle member (silty dolostone or limestone to sandstone lithology), and a basal member recently named the Pronghorn. The Bakken Formation ranges in thickness from a wedge edge to more than 140 ft (42.6 m), with the thickest area in the Bakken located in northwest North Dakota, east of the Nesson anticline. The Three Forks is a silty dolostone throughout much of its stratigraphic interval. The Three Forks ranges in thickness from less than 25 ft to more than 250 ft (7.6–76.2 m) in the mapped area. Thickness patterns are controlled by paleostructural features such as the Poplar Dome and Nesson, Antelope, Cedar Creek, and Bottineau anticlines. Thinning and or truncation occurs over the crest of the highs, and thickening of strata occurs on the flanks of the highs. The Three Forks can be subdivided into three units (up to six by some authors). Most of the development activity in the Three Forks targets the upper Three Forks.
Metabolomic profiles are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance during exercise in healthy young adult males

Hypoxia-induced insulin resistance appears to suppress exogenous glucose oxidation during metabolically matched aerobic exercise during acute (<8 h) high-altitude (HA) exposure. However, a better u...
Therapeutic targeting of BAG3: considering its complexity in cancer and heart disease

Bcl2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) is expressed ubiquitously in humans, but its levels are highest in the heart, the skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system; it is also elevated in many cancers. BAG3's diverse functions are supported by its multiple protein-protein binding domains, which couple with small and large heat shock proteins, members of the Bcl2 family, other antiapoptotic proteins, and various sarcomere proteins. In the heart, BAG3 inhibits apoptosis, promotes autophagy, couples the β-adrenergic receptor with the L-type Ca2+ channel, and maintains the structure of the sarcomere. In cancer cells, BAG3 binds to and supports an identical array of prosurvival proteins, and it may represent a therapeutic target. However, the development of strategies to block BAG3 function in cancer cells may be challenging, as they are likely to interfere with the essential roles of BAG3 in the heart. In this Review, we present the current knowledge regarding the biology of this complex protein in the heart and in cancer and suggest several therapeutic options.
On the Origin of Occupant Behavior: The Evolution of Simulating Effects of People in the Building Performance

The use of computers in the design of buildings predates the invention of the electronic computer with civil engineer Konrad Zuse designing the Z3 electromechanical computer for a number of uses including structural engineering calculations. As all electronic computers replaced electromechanicals, the use of computers in building simulation grew. Starting with BRIS in Sweden in 1963 and the “Post Office Program” in the U.S. in 1971, building performance simulation, the simulation of thermodynamics, airflow, lighting, and acoustics, has grown enormously, with hundreds of programs now available for designers ranging from simple spreadsheets to software that can do full 3D heat transfer and computational fluid dynamics simulation. While the thermodynamics and airflow are now simulated with surprisingly high fidelity, the effects of people are usually not. Whereas people are diverse, unpredictable, and reactive, the actions of people are usually simulated as homogenous, predictable, and non-reactive. This talk will focus on the evolution of including the effects of people on building performance and how the use of big data, agent-based modeling and artificial intelligence (AI) might finally start to get it right.
Nanoparticle Adhesion Models: Applications in Particulate Contaminant Removal from Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Photomasks

Photomask contamination is a critical issue in the microelectronics manufacturing industry, and this problem has grown more challenging with the advent of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Experimental studies of nanoscale contaminant particle adhesion and removal have limitations associated with metrology to accurately detect and quantify the nanoscale contaminants themselves. In this work, we have utilized our experimentally-validated simulation scheme as a tool to estimate the adhesion forces between hypothetical nanosized silicon nitride particles and EUVL mask materials. Specifically, this study focuses on the importance of different physical parameters such as the shape, size and surface roughness of the interacting bodies on the force of adhesion between them, with particular attention to particle size as the size is varied from the micro- to the nanoscale. The effective Hamaker constant (a force constant for the van der Waals force) for nanoscale particle–substrate systems was derived from t...
An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Globalization: return to laissez-faire?

Globalization and its characteristics During the last quarter of the twentieth century, a new trend figured in the world economy: globalization. Europe became one of the main participants in this transfiguration. Several historians maintain that there is nothing new in globalization – consider an ancient form of globalization, the Christian Church (Hopkins, 2002). According to others, early modern times, and even more so the nineteenth century, marked the beginnings of globalization. In this view, globalization was successively advanced by the colonial empires, the railroads, the laissez-faire system, and the international gold standard. From late medieval times long-distance trade and cashless payment networks began internationalizing the European economy. Worldwide trade networks emerged during the early modern centuries. All these, however, were only the beginning of a long historical trend that led to globalization. [T]he really big leap to more globally integrated commodity and factor markets took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. By 1914, there was hardly a village or town anywhere on the globe whose prices were not influenced by distant foreign markets, whose infrastructures were not financed by foreign capital, whose engineering … and even business skills were not imported from abroad, or whose labor markets were not influenced by [emigration or immigration] … [However, because of a strong backlash] the world economy had lost all of its globalization achievements in three decades, between 1914 and 1945. In the half century since then, it has won them back … (O'Rourke and Williamson: 1999, 2)
Capital Pretrial Publicity as a Symbolic Public Execution: A Case Report

Data were collected from 444 community members before two high-profile capital trials in the 12th Judicial Circuit of Florida. Results revealed that participants characterized the defendant in dehumanizing terms. Findings also demonstrated that self-reported familiarity with the case was not related to recognition and recall accuracy of case-specific details. In addition, the data showed the presence of source monitoring errors in jurors' recollections of case-specific facts. Finally, the analyses indicated that level of support for the death penalty and death-qualification status were significantly related to community members' recollection of case-specific facts and susceptibility to pretrial publicity.
Ultrafast electronic processes in porous silicon

Time-resolved photoluminescence and induced absorption measurements are used to investigate the ultrafast electronic processes in porous silicon. We observe transients ranging from less than 100 femtoseconds to well in excess of 10 microseconds. They are interpreted in terms of carrier thermalization, trapping and recombination.
Neural Behavior: Mathematical Models

Neuronal networks are systems of counted equations meant to approximate the connectivity and function of biological neurons. Keywords: firing rate; modeling; neuronal networks; oscillators; pattern formation
Linewidth Measurement of Distributed-Feedback Semiconductor Lasers Operating Near 2.05 $\mu \text{m}$

The first unambiguous linewidth measurements are reported for fiber-pigtailed high-power distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers operating near 2.05 $\mu \text{m}$ wavelength range. The DFB lasers are packaged inside standard 14-pin butterfly package with polarization- maintaining output fiber and an integrated optical isolator. The Schawlow-Townes linewidth was measured using the coherent frequency-discriminator technique with a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the total linewidth was characterized using a heterodyne setup. Our measurements indicate less than 100 KHz Schawlow-Townes linewidth and a total linewidth of less than 200 KHz over 50 ms measurement time.
Modeling the Student in Sherlock II

Student modeling—the task of building dynamic models of student ability—is fraught with uncertainty, caused by such factors as multiple sources of student errors, careless errors and lucky guesses, learning and forgetting. Various approaches have been developed in recent years to make student modeling more tractable. One approach, which is based on fuzzy set theory, aims at building imprecise, or “fuzzy” diagnostic student models; (eg. [18]). We have built upon this approach by developing techniques for representing and updating discrete student knowledge variables in our avionics troubleshooting tutor, Sherlock II. We describe these techniques and, more broadly, the student modeling component in this tutor. Future work will focus on calibrating the student modeling knowledge base and updating rules, evaluating the approach, and comparing it with other approaches to imprecise student modeling that we have implemented and are currently developing.
Optical power allocation for adaptive transmissions in wavelength-division multiplexing free space optical networks $

Attracting increasing attention in recent years, the Free Space Optics (FSO) technology has been recognized as a cost-effective wireless access technology for multi-Gigabit rate wireless networks. Radio on Free Space Optics (RoFSO) provides a new approach to support various bandwidth-intensive wireless services in an optical wireless link. In an RoFSO system using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), it is possible to concurrently transmit multiple data streams consisting of various wireless services at very high rate. In this paper, we investigate the problem of optical power allocation under power budget and eye safety constraints for adaptive WDM transmission in RoFSO networks. We develop power allocation schemes for adaptive WDM transmissions to combat the effect of weather turbulence on RoFSO links. Simulation results show that WDM RoFSO can support high data rates even over long distance or under bad weather conditions with an adequate system design.
A History of the Child Study Movement in America

The child study movement constitutes an important chapter in the history of educational psychology. Although goals of the movement were diverse, its principal purpose was to establish a scientific pedagogy, to bring the methods of experimental psychology to bear in discovering all that could be known about the child: sensory capabilities, physical characteristics, humor, play, religious ideas, memory, attention span, and so forth. With this new knowledge, education would no longer be guesswork but a science. Pedagogical practices would be restructured in such a way as to be maximally effective for all kinds of students. In this context, child study was seen as a natural bridge between the universities and the schools, a link that would aid in the acceptance of an educational psychology.
Staging of Mesothelioma

Accurate staging of MPM allows us to stratify patients for treatment based on survival and to spare patients with advanced disease the morbidity of nonbeneficial surgical treatment. In MPM, patients with tumors of epithelioid histology and T1 or T2N0 stage have the best prognosis. This select group of patients appears to have a favorable survival with multimodality therapy that includes extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication and adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. These findings justify the importance of applying staging systems at diagnosis.
Protection of call detail records data in federal telecommunications

Techniques for protection of the call detail records (CDR) in US federal government telecommunications systems, such as the FTS2000 and agency PABXs, are identified. CDR data flow, its use in telecommunication, and its protection requirements are described. Descriptions of threats and countermeasures are provided. Recommendations for handling and protection of the CDR database are made for the following organizations: FTS2000 contractor billing, FTS2000 contractor network engineering, Service Oversight Center, and user agencies. >
Treatment with acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, reduces increased albumin excretion in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Abstract 1. 1. We examined the effect of the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in streptozotocin diabetic rats. 2. 2. Treatment with acarbose for 8 weeks after induction of diabetes prevented the significant increase in UAE observed in untreated diabetic rats relative to nondiabetic controls. 3. 3. Acarbose significantly reduced integrated glycemia, which correlated with albumin excretion rates, and exerts a salutary effect on diabetic renal dysfunction.
Integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation in the Power Distribution Grid

Numerous North American utilities are integrating growing numbers of investor-owned photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) plants into their distribution systems to comply with state-mandated Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS). Given the fact that distribution systems have been designed to be operated in a radial fashion, interconnection of PV-DG may lead to significant impacts on planning and operations that need to be studied to identify mitigation measures and ensure seamless integration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss impacts of PV-DG on power distribution systems planning and operations, including those of steady state and dynamic nature, with emphasis on utility-scale PV-DG. This paper also discusses mitigation measures to address these impacts and presents results of analyses conducted on real distribution feeders and other ramifications of their increased use in distribution networks, especially urban ones.