cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of age on perceptual changes using two new perspectives of the Necker cube

Eleven age groups of 22 each were shown the Necker cube illusion on three separate trials, using a different instructional set for each. Frequency of reversals was determined by the number of times the subject indicated that the “X” on the cube changed perspectives during a 90-sec trial. The results of a 3 by 11 analysis of variance revealed a.01 level of significance between the peak age groups, 25 and 45 years, and the 55-, 65-, 75-, 85-, 95-, 5-, and 10-year-old groups. These data suggest that young and old people were less able to reverse visual perspectives than the middle age groups.
Plasma vertical stabilization with actuation constraints in the DIII-D tokamak

In the advanced tokamak (AT) operating mode of the DIII-D tokamak, an integrated multivariable controller takes into account highly coupled influences of plasma equilibrium shape, profile, and stability control. Time-scale separation in the system allows a multi-loop design: the inner loop closed by the nominal vertical controller designed to control a linear exponentially unstable plant and the outer loop closed by the nominal shape controller designed to control a linear stabilized plant. Due to actuator constraints, the nominal vertical controller fails to stabilize the vertical position of the plasma inside the tokamak when large or fast disturbances are present or when the references coming from the shape controller change suddenly. Anti-windup synthesis is proposed in this paper to find a nonlinear modification of the nominal vertical controller that prevents vertical instability and undesirable oscillations but leaves the inner loop unmodified when there is no input saturation.
Nanosecond Coincidence Measurements

This article summarizes some of the basic information regarding the design and use of circuits --i.e., coincidence circuits--for time coincidence measurements on pulses having durations of the order of nanoseconds. The design features of contemporary circuits are discussed. Some performance parameters are listed and techniques of evaluating the performance of coincidence circuits are mentioned. The sendinig, transmission, and receiving of fast pulses is reviewed. The special cases of majority logic and coincidence matrices are briefly discussed.
The effect of D2O on fatigue-crack propagation in a high-strength aluminum alloy

The rates of fatigue-crack propagation for a high-strength aluminum alloy (7075-T651) in an environment of D2O (99.98% purity) at room temperature were determined and compared with data obtained in high-purity argon and distilled water. The results showed that D2O caused a ten-fold increase in the rate of fatigue-crack propagation (up to 10−4 inch per cycle), which is equal to the increase caused by distilled water. These results lend further support to the previous observation that the rate controlling process for fatigue-crack propagation in this alloy (at rates below 10−4 inch per cycle) is the mechanical process of creating new crack surfaces, instead of either the transport of aggressive environment to the crack-tip or diffusion of hydrogen ions into the material ahead of the crack tip.
Nonsingular solutions of TA−BT=C

Abstract When A , B and C are given square matrices and C is of rank one, sufficient conditions are given for every solution to be nonsingular when solutions exist. When C has arbitrary rank, some sufficient conditions are given; and when, additionally, A and B have disjoint spectra, necessary conditions are given.
Influence of some insecticides on the ATPase of mouse liver mitochondria

Effects of insecticides upon both target and non-target organisms often reflect interaction with cellular membranes (Matsumura and O'Brien, 1966). For instance, in the case of vertebrates, these effects include inhibition of plasma membrane ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) (Davis et al. 1972), increased metabolic transformations by microsomal membranes (Remmer et al. 1967), and disruption of osmotic equilibrium (Janicki and Kinter 1971). Since mitochondrial energy coupling is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane and since coupling is highly sensitive to assault on the integrity of that membrane, we have undertaken to examine the action of insecticides on processes associated with mitochondrial energy conservation. The present communication presents data indicating that low concentrations of several chemically-unrelated insecticides stimulate mouse mitochondrial ATPase in a manner similar to that of uncouplers of oxidative ATP synthesis.
Observations of inertial rotation and internal waves

Abstract A 15-day series of measurements of surface currents with the GEK and thermal structure with the bathythermograph was made at 30°N at a distance of 650 km from shore. The surface currents showed a significant oscillation of about a 24-hr period. This may represent inertial rotation driven by the diurnal tide, with which it was in phase. The temperature structure showed a significant oscillation of about a 12·4-hr period. This may represent internal waves of lunar semidiurnal period. From a combination of these results with those of other investigators, one may suggest that inertial rotation in the open ocean has been observed only near latitudes where resonance with the tide can occur, and that there is no measurable vertical oscillation associated with the inertial motion.
Radio-frequency clock delivery via free-space frequency comb transmission

We characterize the instability of an rf clock signal caused by free-space transmission of a frequency comb (FC) under typical laboratory conditions. The phase-noise spectra show the involvement of multiple random processes. For a 10 m transmission, the rms timing jitter integrated over 1-105 Hz is 95 fs, and the root Allan variance over 1 s is 4×10−13. The measured Allan variance has a τ−1 behavior and an excellent agreement with the phase noise measurement. These results indicate the feasibility of FC-based free-space rf clock distribution over short distances.
Quantification of N-(glucitol)ethanolamine and N-(carboxymethyl)serine: two products of nonenzymatic modification of aminophospholipids formed in vivo.

Chemical, nonenzymatic modification of protein and lipids by reducing sugars, such as glucose, is thought to contribute to age-related deterioration in tissue protein and cellular membranes and to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. This report describes the synthesis and quantification of N-(glucitol)ethanolamine (GE) and N-(carboxymethyl)serine (CMS), two products of nonenzymatic modification of aminophospholipids. GE is the product of reduction and hydrolysis of glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while CMS is formed through reaction of phosphatidylserine (PS) with products of oxidation of either carbohydrate (glycoxidation) or lipids (lipoxidation). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedures for quantification of the N,O-acetyl methyl ester derivatives of the modified head groups were developed. GE and CMS were quantified in samples of PE and PS, respectively, following incubation with glucose in vitro; CMS formation was dependent on the presence of oxygen during the incubation. Both GE and CMS were detected and quantified in lipid extracts of human red blood cell membranes. The content of GE, but not CMS, was increased in the lipids from diabetic compared to nondiabetic subjects. Measurement of these modified lipids should prove useful for assessing the role of carbonyl-amine reactions of aminophospholipids in aging and age-related diseases.
SU-FF-T-409: Study of the Technology of Pin-Point CT Imaging Guide System

Purpose: The Pin‐PointTM is a technology for promoting accurate access to a designate target in the CT room, especially during biopsy procedures. This study is to confirm its capability by an independent methodology for clinical implementation. Method and Materials: The Pin‐Point system (FigA) is based on CTimaging with an invisible frame system and instant 3‐D image reconstruction in the laser (needle insertion) plane as illustrated in FigB. Two (yam and daikon) phantoms were used for the studies. The center portion of the phantoms was cut into ten 4mm thick slices. Simulated tumors were created on each slice using bariumpaste.Organs at risk (OAR) were carved with various shape cavities. BBs were attached as reference points (FigC). Target searching and their correlation to the neighboring OARs were explored. An optimal “reference point R” was defined to serve as navigation for the laser‐guided needle for start location, direction, and the needle depth to reach the targets and avoid OARs. Results: FigD demonstrates the needle reaching the tumor as navigated by the Pin‐Point system. We oriented the guiding laser beam and pushed its path depth from point R to the tumor edge. Next the phantom slices were studied to determine needle positioning relative to the target and OARs, and compared with the foregoing CTimage. The agreement is shown in FigD. FigE illustrates the optimal needle trajectory to ‘tumor A’, by‐passing the OARs. FigF illustrates pre‐warning of OARs. FigG displays the possibility of excessive needle penetration. Conclusion: Pin‐Point system was accurate for correct tumor access without jeopardizing the nearby OARs. Our study proves valuable for the search of designated tumors and avoiding critical structures. In addition, its feasibility for further application to linac based stereotactic radiosurgery as frameless setup should be studied.
The Electrophoretic Properties of Some Human Blood Cells

. Human red cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes were examined electro-phoretically. The effect of change of pH and ionic strength of the medium was determined. Lowering the ionic strength had the effect, not only of altering the electrophoretic mobility but also the characteristic shape of the pH mobility curves. Antilymphocyte globulin was shown to modify the mobility of granulocytes and lymphocytes, the latter to a greater extent. The results when compared to a silica surface completely covered with horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin show that the lymphocyte is only partially covered, suggesting a relatively low number of antigenic sites on the surface.
Infectious reovirus subviral particles: Virus replication, cellular cytopathology, and DNA synthesis☆

Abstract The formation of virions in cells infected with reovirus infectious subviral particles (SVPi) appears to begin earlier, proceeds at a greater rate, and results in a threefold higher yield of progeny virus than in infections with complete virions. However, SVPi infection results in significantly reduced nonspecific cytotoxic effects. When corrections are made for cytotoxic effects, SVPi inhibit cell DNA synthesis at the same rate and to the same degree as intact reovirus.
Infection-related hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Introduction: Serious infections are an important side effect of immunosuppressive therapy used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). There have been no nationally representative studies examining the spectrum of infection related hospitalizations in patients with IBD. Methods: Our study consisted of all adult CD and UC related hospitalizations from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2007, a national hospitalization database in the United States. We then identified all infection-related hospitalizations through codes for either the specific infections or disease processes (sepsis, pneumonia, etc.). Predictors of infections as well as the excess morbidity associated with infections were determined using multivariate regression models. Results: There were an estimated 67,221 hospitalizations related to infections in IBD patients, comprising 27.5% of all IBD hospitalizations. On multivariate analysis, infections were independently associated with age, co-morbidity, malnutrition, TPN, and bowel surgery. Infection-related hospitalizations had a four-fold greater mortality (OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.7–5.2). However, this varied by type of infection with the strongest effect seen for sepsis (OR 15.3, 95% CI 12.4–18.6), pneumonia (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9–4.5) and C. difficile (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.6–4.0), and weaker effects for urinary infections (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1–1.7). Infections were also associated with an estimated 2.3 days excess hospital stay (95% CI 2.2–2.5) and $12,482 in hospitalization charges. Conclusion: Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk.
Operations that generate quantity

Abstract Segmenting sensory experience into units is advanced as the fundamental operation that produces object concepts. How such unitizing activity might be produced by children through interactions with elements in their environments is suggested by an interpretation of several recent works on the construction of objects by infants. The arithmetical units that Piaget demonstrated as being essential for numerical reasoning are also shown to be the product of a specific kind of unitizing activity. The main thesis developed is that unitizing activity precedes as well as follows Piaget's specific kind and produces object concepts, pluralities, collections, numerical lots, and other kinds of composite wholes. In particular, “discrete” and “continuous” quantity are distinquished by the sensory material and articulation of unitizing activity. “Discrete” quantity is developed as a property of numerical lots and “continuous” quantity is developed as a property of continuous but segmented units. Piaget's gross, intensive, and extensive quantity are then interpreted in terms of these two types of quantity. Finally, an integrative view of quantitative reasoning is developed for mathematics education that includes counting and measuring.
Patch-clamp profile of ion channels in resting murine B lymphocytes

Patch-clamp studies of single ion channel currents in freshly isolated murine B lymphocytes are characterized here according to their respective unitary conductances, ion selectivities, regulatory factors, distributions and kinetic behavior. The most prevalent ion channel in murine B lymphocytes is a large conductance (348 pS) nonselective anion channel. This report characterizes additional conductances including: two chloride channels (40 and 128 pS), a calcium-activated potassium channel (93 pS), and an outwardly rectifying potassium channel which displays two distinct conductances (18 and 30 pS). Like the anion channel, both chloride channels exhibit little activity in the cellattached patch configuration. The kinetic behavior of all of these channels is complex, with variable periods of bursting and flickering activity interspersed between prolonged closed/open intervals (dwell times). It is likely that some of these channels play an important role in the signal transduction of B cell activation.
Experimentally determined effect of throughput and time on the cryopumping of argon, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

Abstract The influence of throughput on the experimentally determined capture coefficients in the cryopumping of argon, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen is reported. A model and its electronic analogue computer circuit for determining relative effects of system parameters is presented. The variation of capture coefficient with time (“bare surface effect”) was also investigated.
A modular method for evaluating the performance of picture archiving and communication systems

Modeling can be used to predict the performance of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) configurations under various load conditions at an early design stage. This is important because choices made early in the design of a system can have a significant imapct on the performance of the resulting implementation. Because PACS consist of many types of components, it is important to do such evaluations in a modular manner, so that alternative configurations and designs can be easily investigated. Stochastic activity networks (SANs) and reduced base model construction methods can aid in doing this. SANs are a model type particularly suited to the evaluation of systems in which several activities may be in progress concurrently, and each activity may affect the others through the results of its completion. Together with SANs, reduced base model construction methods provide a means to build highly modular models, in which models of particular components can be easily reused. In this article, we investigate the use of SANs and reduced base model construction techniques in evaluating PACS. Construction and solution of the models is done using UltraSAN, a graphic-oriented software tool for model specification, analysis, and simulation. The method is illustrated via the evaluation of a realistically sized PACS for a typical United States hospital of 300 to 400 beds, and the derivation of system response times and component utilizations.
Psychiatric morbidity following electrical injury and its effects on cognitive functioning.

Abstract Objective This study examines the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a large sample of electrical injury (EI) patients in three phases of recovery and its effects on cognitive functioning. Methods Eight-six self-referred EI patients received psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluations. Descriptive statistics were conducted to examine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. Polytomous logistic regression was used to identify predictors of psychiatric diagnosis. Between-subjects analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of psychiatric morbidity on cognitive functioning. Results Seventy-eight percent of subjects warranted a psychiatric diagnosis. Long-term patients compared to acute patients were more likely to be diagnosed with two diagnoses than not having any diagnosis (OR=14.30, 95% CI 1.40–38.71). Patients with two diagnoses performed worse than both patients with a single or no diagnosis on all cognitive outcome measures (P Conclusions Psychiatric difficulties commonly emerge and persist following EI. EI patients with psychiatric conditions exhibited poorer cognitive performance as compared to EI patients with no post-injury psychiatric difficulties. Health care professionals need to devote careful attention to psychiatric and cognitive status when treating survivors of EI.
Method for determining the best hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number for a compatible non-ionic surfactant in formulation development for aerial conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)

A direct dropping method was developed to determine the best hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia at different water content levels during dehydration. Results showed the best HLB number of the tested M. anisopliae conidia was 8; dehydration did not change the best HLB number but significantly increased wetting time.
A direct relationship between the amount of sterol lost from rat hepatocytes and the increase in activity of HMG-CoA reductase.

Abstract Incubation of rat hepatocytes in a sterol-free medium containing 1.5% albumin resulted in loss of cholesterol from the cells and increased activity of HMG-CoA reductase. Addition of egg-lecithin dispersions to the hepatocytes resulted in increased rates of sterol efflux and increased levels of reductase. The increase in enzyme activity after three hours incubation was directly proportional to the amount of cholesterol lost by the cells to the medium during the first 45 min of incubation. Sterol loss preceded the increase in enzyme activity. The data support the view that one mode of regulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase is dependent on the relative rates of movement of cholesterol into and out of cells.
GPS DLL discriminator tracking performance in a dominant multipath environment

Multipaths of the GPS signal reaching the GPS receiver lead to undesirable tracking errors and inaccurate ranging information. In this paper, we consider the multipath effect on noncoherent early-minus-late power discriminator. Analytical treatment of the effect of the carrier phase offset of the multipath relative to the direct path on the GPS receiver performance is provided. Compared with the well-known coherent discriminator, the noncoherent discriminator presents different tracking accuracy and sensitivity to multipath delay, magnitude, and phase. The paper considers the front-end precorrelation filter, which is typically applied to remove out-of-band interference and noise. Selections of suitable precorrelation filter bandwidth in conjunction with the early-late correlator spacing can aid in mitigating the multipath impeding effects on delay lock loop (DLL) and receiver discriminators. Computer simulations of the impact of a dominant multipath on the discriminator tracking performance are provided. It is assumed that the early and late correlations are performed within the same navigation symbol, and no symbol transitions are encountered over the correlation interval.
The Aharonov-Bohm effect and exotic statistics for non-abelian vortices

Abstract This paper discusses the Aharonov-Bohm vortex-vortex scattering that exists when a gauge group G breaks to a discrete non-abelian group H through the formation of a Higgs condensate. An exact path integral formulation is presented for the N-vortex system. Complications that arise when N ⩾ 3 are discussed. It is found that non-abelian vortices obey exotic statistics. Similarities between the many-non-abelian-vortex system and the many-anyon system are discussed.
US hegemony and the perpetuation of NATO

(2000). US hegemony and the perpetuation of NATO. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 23, NATO Enters the 21st Century, pp. 59-91.
Apoptotic effects of cooked and in vitro digested soy on human prostate cancer cells

Previous laboratory and animal studies reported that soy isoflavones were major bioactive compounds in soy to exert chemoprotection of prostate cancer. However, these studies cannot reflect the realistic effects that soy may induce through diets, and little is known about the bioavailability of isoflavones from whole soy food and their bioactivities after cooking and digestion. In this study, cooking and in vitro digestion were used to prepare soy extracts and the effects of cooking and digestion on the isoflavone contents and bioactivities of the whole soy extracts were examined. The cooking procedure generally increased the amount of daidzin, genistin and daidzein, but decreased that of genistein. Digestion process significantly lowered contents of daidzin and genistin in 60min cooked sample, while increased the contents of daidzin and daidzein and decreased the content of genistein in the uncooked sample. Antioxidant activities of soy extracts increased after cooking and in vitro digestion, while no consistent increase of the four soy isoflavones was determined. The apoptotic effects of soy extracts on both LNCaP and C4-2B cells were generally in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to purified single isoflavones, cooked and digested soy were more effective on induction of prostate cancer cell apoptosis, which indicated synergistic interactions between various bioactive compounds in the whole soy.
Thermal conductivity of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ in a magnetic field: Can κ( H ) probe the vortex state?

We investigate the behavior of the thermal conductivity \ensuremath{\kappa}(H) of both twinned and untwinned single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ in a magnetic field. Remanant field data are examined in the framework of the Bean critical state model and thermally activated flux creep. In-field data are shown to depart from conventional superconductor models. The \ensuremath{\kappa}(H) profie is fitted by a phenomenological form and is suggested to originate from Bloch wave travel of phonons through a vortex array which becomes more regular as the field increases.
Plasma levels of ethaverine after oral administration to humans

Fourteen healthy human subjects received a 200 mg oral dose of ethaverine hydrochloride as an elixir. Blood samples were obtained for 12 h after dosing. Plasma ethaverine concentrations were determined using a paired-ion, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Individual plasma concentration-time profiles were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. The ethaverine was rapidly absorbed, based on a time of maximum plasma concentration of 0.75 h, a time-lag of 8.4 min, and an apparent first-order absorption half-life of 8.6 min. The mean terminal elimination half-life was 3.3 h.
Geographies of Labour Market Governance

(1996). Geographies of Labour Market Governance. Regional Studies: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 319-321.
Universal sensing by transduction of antibody binding with backscattering interferometry.

Antibodies are the most widely used agents for biomolecular recognition because of their combination of high affinity, high specificity, broad range of compatible analytes, and commercial availability. For analytical purposes, the antibody binding event must be converted to a detectable signal, for which several methods are commonly employed. ELISA-type techniques rely on the binding event to immobilize either the antibody or its antigen, allowing for a colorimetric, fluorescent, or radioactive signal to be generated by direct attachment to the antibody or by a secondary antibody-antibody or antibody-antigen interaction.[1] Despite their convenience and utility, ELISAs do not always accurately reflect a true affinity measurement because excess binding and non-binding species must be removed in washing steps, and because the binding events take place on a surface rather than in solution.[2] The former limitation has the effect of biasing existing antibody-antigen interactions towards higher observed apparent affinities, or completely removing lower-affinity interactions from the system of interest. The latter can affect binding by limiting the conformational flexibility of one or more of the binding partners, blocking or otherwise changing the accessibility of binding sites, and increasing the occurrence of non-specific interactions that get folded into the overall signal. Though ameliorated through the use of blocking reagents and other procedures, such factors add to the time and effort required to obtain quantitative binding information.[3] ELISA methods can also require substantial amounts of expensive reagents, particularly labeled primary or secondary antibodies. Perhaps as a result of these factors, specific affinity (Kd) values are rarely provided for commercial antibodies, even though antibody-antigen affinities can vary widely.[4]
A Framework for Cooperative In-Band Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network

Many existing in-band sensing algorithms for CRNs adopted a periodic sensing/transmission architecture, where all the CR users do periodic sensing. Each periodic detection cycle is divided into two parts: sensing and transmission times. Sensing times are affected by many factors. In some worse scenarios (e.g., low SNRs), it may take more than half of the channel idle time for sensing. In this paper, we propose a new cooperative in-band sensing framework to increase sensing efficiency and robustness. In our framework, each CR operates in one of the two modes: Transmission and Sensing. The CRs that have data to send switch to Transmission Mode, provided that there is enough number of CR nodes in sensing mode. Therefore, CRs in transmission mode do not have to do any sensing during transmission, which imply that they can send for longer times. CRs in sensing mode send warning messages in case they detected the presence of PU. This cooperation (among CRs) is done on the same channel of transmission without the need for a CCC. Simulation and analytical results show that our sensing framework outperforms traditional sensing framework/approaches that require periodic sensing. At the end, we identify a set of important open problems to be addressed under this sensing framework.
Effect of longitudinal dipoles in liquid crystals.

Molecular-lattice-theory results for rigid cores having partially-flexible tails reveal that it is not necessary to invoke dipolar forces to have stable smectic-${A}_{1}$, smectic-${A}_{d}$, and low-temperature nematic (including reentrant-nematic) liquid-crystal phases. However, dipolar forces increase the stability of these phases in systems with Lennard-Jones interactions. Dipolar forces also shift the temperature ranges of these phases closer to ambient, thus making them easier to discover and observe experimentally.
Uniqueness and exact multiplicity of solutions for a class of Dirichlet problems

Abstract We apply the “monotone separation of graphs” technique of L.A. Peletier and J. Serrin [L.A. Peletier, J. Serrin, Uniqueness of positive solutions of semilinear equations in R n , Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 81 (2) (1983) 181–197; L.A. Peletier, J. Serrin, Uniqueness of nonnegative solutions of semilinear equations in R n , J. Differential Equations 61 (3) (1986) 380–397], as developed further by L. Erbe and M. Tang [L. Erbe, M. Tang, Structure of positive radial solutions of semilinear elliptic equations, J. Differential Equations 133 (2) (1997) 179–202], to the question of exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of semilinear equations on a unit ball in R n . We also observe that using P. Pucci and J. Serrin [P. Pucci, J. Serrin, Uniqueness of ground states for quasilinear elliptic operators, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 47 (2) (1998) 501–528] improvement of a certain identity of L. Erbe and M. Tang [L. Erbe, M. Tang, Structure of positive radial solutions of semilinear elliptic equations, J. Differential Equations 133 (2) (1997) 179–202] produces a short proof of L. Erbe and M. Tang [L. Erbe, M. Tang, Structure of positive radial solutions of semilinear elliptic equations, J. Differential Equations 133 (2) (1997) 179–202] result on the uniqueness of positive solution of ( 1 p , q n + 2 n − 2 ) Δ u + u p + u q = 0 for | x | 1 , u = 0 when | x | = 1 .
An analysis of liquid film flow

An analytical solution relating the film mass flow rate to the film thickness and other flow parameters has been developed for the general case of gas—liquid two-phase annular flow. The solution, based on a modified Dukler theory, holds in the range near the wall (yi+ < 50), and is in good agreement with previously published computer solutions based on the Dukler theory. The theory is compared with limited experimental data from the literature.
The arbitrary local mesh replacement method: An alternative to remeshing for crack propagation analysis

A finite-element-based method is proposed to accommodate the arbitrary motion of a crack in the context of general two-dimensional configurations of loading and body geometry. The primary goal is to render consistently accurate simulations of crack propagation, while maintaining a high degree of computational efficiency and without an undue burden on the analyst. The essence of the method, here called the Arbitrary Local Mesh Replacement method, is the replacement of the finite element interpolant in the vicinity of the crack tip with one that is derived from a moving mesh patch. The boundary of the patch is not required to be coincident with background-mesh element edges. Accordingly, a weak statement of compatibility is enforced on the interface between the two meshes, thereby introducing a small set of additional, force-type unknowns. Also, partial elements are manifest near the patch boundary; a special numerical integration rule is devised for their treatment.
Response supression produced by electrical stimulation in the neocortex of the cat

Abstract The dorsolateral cortex of the cat was mapped for sites where low-frequency stimulation will suppress a bar-press response or an approach response for food. Response suppression was demonstrated in a large area anterior to the cruciate sulcus which mainly includes the gyrus proreus and part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus. Within this region the gyrus proreus, the “prefrontal” area, has the strongest inhibitory influence. In addition, three smaller areas are located in the anterior part of the anterior lateral gyrus, posterior part of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus, and midpart of the anterior sylvian gyrus (orbital area). Of these three smaller areas the strongest inhibition was obtained in the orbital area.
A UV-labile morphogenetic substance in Volvox carteri

Summary Ultraviolet irradiation of undivided gonidia of Volvox carteri causes these gonidia to form a high percentage of daughter colonies with one or more missing gonidia. The colonies produced are otherwise normal in morphology and produce completely normal colonies in the next generation. These results are interpreted to mean that the distribution of gonidia in mature asexual colonies reflects the distribution in the undivided gonidium of a UV-labile morphogenetic substance.
A Spectral Property of Discrete Schrödinger Operators with Non-Negative Potentials

In the context of an infinite weighted graph of bounded degree, we give a sufficient condition for the discrete Schrodinger operator with a non-negative potential to have a strictly positive bottom of the spectrum. The main result is a discrete analogue of a theorem of Shen in the setting of complete Riemannian manifolds.
A web-based support system for estimating and visualizing the emissions of diesel transit buses

Diesel transit buses are heavy-duty vehicles that are major sources of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants. Although various models have been used to estimate their emissions, it has been difficult to effectively apply these estimation models due to the need for user-friendly interfaces, the large amounts of underlying data, and the potential data inaccuracy. In this paper, we present a web-based support system developed for transit operators who need to estimate and visualize the emissions of diesel transit buses where a micro-scale Vehicle Specific Power approach is used to estimate emissions based on global positioning system data. Case studies show that the web-based support system provides a user-friendly environment that makes it easier to apply emission estimation methodologies and visualize emissions.
Ensemble fractional sensitivity: a quantitative approach to neuron selection for decoding motor tasks

A robust method to help identify the population of neurons used for decoding motor tasks is developed. We use sensitivity analysis to develop a new metric for quantifying the relative contribution of a neuron towards the decoded output, called "fractional sensitivity." Previous model-based approaches for neuron ranking have been shown to largely depend on the collection of training data. We suggest the use of an ensembleof models that are trained on random subsets of trials to rank neurons. For this work, we tested a decoding algorithm on neuronal data recorded from two male rhesus monkeys while they performed a reach to grasp a bar at three orientations (45°, 90°, or 135°). An ensemble approach led to a statistically significant increase of 5% in decoding accuracy and 25% increase in identification accuracy of simulated noisy neurons, when compared to a single model. Furthermore, ranking neurons based on the ensemble fractional sensitivities resulted in decoding accuracies 10%-20% greater than when randomly selecting neurons or ranking based on firing rates alone. By systematically reducing the size of the input space, we determine the optimal number of neurons needed for decoding the motor output. This selection approach has practical benefits for other BMI applications where limited number of electrodes and training datasets are available, but high decoding accuracies are desirable.
Ostracode δ18O and δ13C evidence of Holocene environmental changes in the sediments of two Minnesota lakes

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry of ostracode valves, abundance and assemblages of ostracode species, and sedimentological parameters from cores taken in Williams and Shingobee Lakes in north-central Minnesota show changes in climatic and hydrologic history during the Holocene. Isotopic records are consistent with the following scenario: Before 9800 yr B.P. the two lakes were connected. Increasing evaporation through the jack/red pine period (9800-7700 yr B.P.) led to lower lake levels, leaving small separated basins. The prairie period (7700-4000 yr B.P.) reflects high aridity, and lake levels reached low stands shortly before 6500 yr B.P. Low lake levels are associated with groundwater discharge between 6500 and 6000 yr B.P. The hardwood period (4000-3200 yr B.P.) corresponds to long cold winters and warm to cool summers with lower evaporation rates and slower sedimentation. During the white pine period (<3200 yr B.P.) evaporation increased and/or precipitation shifted to the summer months. These changes can be related to shifting atmospheric circulation patterns. Zonal flow was probably dominant during the early Holocene until the end of the prairie period (c. 4000 yr B.P.). During the hardwood period a combination of zonal and meridional flow patterns caused long and cold winters and wetter summers. During the white pine period wintners were shorter and the meridional flow pattern more significant. Today meridional flow dominates the circulation pattern.
Chronic progressive monomelic sensory neuropathy

Reply from the Author: I appreciate the comments of Antoine et al. and have read with interest their report of a similar patient. I agree with their conclusion that our patients likely represent a unique syndrome. As to the localization of the lesion, I …
Serum deprivation improves seeding and repopulation of acellular matrices with valvular interstitial cells

Cell-extracted valvular tissues (acellular scaffolds, or aScaffolds) offer unique advantages over synthetic polymers for cardiac valve engineering applications in that they retain extracellular matrix molecules to support cellular ingrowth. The extracellular matrix is important in directing many cellular pathways, such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. However, repopulating this type of scaffold often requires high seeding densities or recurrent cell delivery. The optimization of valvular interstitial cell (VIC) seeding onto aScaffolds is reported herein. VICs (the most prevalent cell type in valve leaflets) have maximal growth in 15-20% serum concentrations on tissue-culture polystyrene. Interestingly, after VIC seeding onto aScaffolds, a reduction of serum content, from 15% serum to 5% or less, was found to increase significantly the number of adherent cells, as well as induce transfer of VICs from a tissue-culture polystyrene surface to the aScaffold. aScaffolds seeded and cultured with periods of reduced serum levels were shown to support and enhance VIC viability and attachment, as well as accelerate VIC migration into the aScaffold, leading to a uniformly repopulated valve leaflet construct after 4 weeks of static culture.
Lateral heterogeneity at the base of the mantle revealed by observations of amplitudes of PKP phases

Summary. Several studies have suggested that there are lateral heterogeneities in the velocity structure at or near the base of the mantle. Such heterogeneities can be studied through the analysis of amplitude ratios of core phases PKPAB and PKPDF for given earthquake-station pairs. In the epicentral distance range 155-175" these arrivals are well separated in time, and PKPAB has near-grazing incidence at the mantle-core boundary 80 that it is highly sensitive to lateral changes in velocity structure in that region, while PKPDF with its near-normal incidence is less sensitive. The observed amplitude ratios vary by well over an order of magnitude, but the size of the ratio is found to be correlated with the region of the core-mantle boundary sampled by the PKPAB rays: beneath the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, for which abundant data are available, well-defined, contiguous regions (millions of square kilometres in extent) are found which correlated with predominantly larger or smaller amplitudes. We interpret this result as indicating differences in the degree to which the velocity structure of the lowermost mantle is heterogeneous.
Computational challenges in the analysis of large, sparse, spatiotemporal data

The pervasive sources of data in today's networked computing environment provide many innovative opportunities, from mining patterns of individual behavior, to enabling data-intensive approaches for scientific discovery, to supporting new kinds of personal interactions and experiences. Passively collected metadata can also be mined for a variety of social analysis. However, due to the vast size and diversity of these data resources, they can pose serious computational challenges to researchers and analysts.This paper highlights several of the key challenges involved in efficiently collecting, storing, and analyzing datasets consisting of millions of sparse files with spatial, temporal, and network features. We focus on the computational issues faced in analyzing Call Detail Records (CDRs), the metadata (i.e., log files) passively collected by mobile phone operators about transactions on their telecommunications networks. CDRs and related data provide a rich foundation for research in fields ranging from anthropology and sociology to electrical engineering and urban planning. After describing the data and its challenges, we present our current framework for computational analysis, and discuss opportunities for future work.
Effects of the compression ratio on nitric oxide emissions for a spark ignition engine: Results from a thermodynamic cycle simulation:

AbstractPast experimental work has not provided consistent results for the effects of the compression ratio on nitric oxide emissions. A thermodynamic cycle simulation for spark ignition engines, w...
A culture-centric & sustainable systems engineering approach: Water filtration in Guatemala's Tzununa

The Partnership for University Research Abroad (PURA), a group of interdisciplinary students at the University of Virginia, has formed a partnership with Tzununa, a community on the shores of Guatemala's Lake Atitlan, to address its water quality needs. Faced with the need for a water filtration system, Tzununa has consented PURA's implementation of a point-of-use water filtration system. Utilizing a systems engineering design process, PURA designed a hygiene education program and selected an appropriate filtration technology to counteract the high incidence of waterborne illnesses in Tzununa. PURA emphasizes the sustainability of this project by laying the groundwork for a potential scale-up of the filtration system.
Tonsil and turbinate colonization by toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida in conventionally raised swine.

13. Ling GV, Biberstein EL, Hirsch DC: 1979, Bacterial pathogens 17. Poli A, Abramo F, Mancianti F, et al.: 1991, Renal involvement associated with urinary tract infections. Vet Clin North Am in canine leishmaniasis. A light-microscopic, immunohisto[Small Anim Pract] 9:617-630. chemical and electron-microscopic study. Nephron 57:444-452. 14. Mancianti F, Poli A, Bionda A: 1989, Analysis of renal im18. Pinelli E, Killick-Kendrick R, Wagenaar J, et al.: 1994, Cellular mune-deposits in canine leishmaniasis. Preliminary results. Paand humoral responses in dogs experimentally and naturally rasitologia 31:213-230. infected with Leishmania infantum. Infect Immun 62:229-235. 15. Marcussen N, Vetner M, Kristensen HM: 1989, Interstitial 19. Salata RA, Lemer PI, Shalaes DM, et al.: 1989, Infections due nephritis and glomerulonephritis in visceral leishmaniasis in a to Lancefield group C streptococci. Medicine 68:225-239. dog. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 97:1137-1140. 20. Slappendel RJ, Green CE: 1990, Leishmaniasis. In: Infectious 16. Mauel J: 1990, Macrophage-parasite interactions in Leishdiseases of the dog and cat, ed. Greene CE, pp. 769-777. WB mania infections. J Leukocyte Biol 47:187-193. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA.
Energy efficient hybrid display and predictive models for embedded and mobile systems

Electrophoretic displays (EPDs) and organic light emitting diode (OLEDs) are two key technologies used in mobile de-vices. In this paper, we propose the design of an integrated hybrid display combining a transparent OLED (TOLED) and a low power EPD, which is adaptive to show contents of a frame partially on either the TOLED or the EPD. A windows-based predictive model and a calibration algorithm on TOLED are introduced to decide how frame contents can be split between the two displays for achieving the best tradeoff between power reduction and user experiences. A simulation environment that can estimate both the energy consumption and optical properties of the proposed hybrid display is set up based on actual physical measurements. Simulation results show that the predictive model can make right decisions on choosing proper displays in over 90% of the test cases, and this new display design can save over 70% power under many mobile application contexts and still sup-port contents that require fast update rates.
Attributions of Responsibility and Perceived Harm in the Aftermath of Mass Violence

Two studies shed light on construals (i.e., attributions of responsibility and perceived severity of harm) of extreme intergroup violence and the relationship between in-group identification and these construals. An investigation of Turkish construals of Armenian massacres at the beginning of the 20th century (Study 1) and Hutus’ and Tutsis’ construals of the ethnic conflict in Burundi (Study 2) showed that each group attributed less responsibility to the in-group relative to the out-group and third parties. Furthermore, respondents attributed less responsibility to the in-group for the instigation of the conflict than for the consequences of the conflict and viewed respective out-groups and third parties as the instigators of the violent conflict. Stronger Turkish identification was related to (a) attributing more out-group responsibility but less in-group responsibility, and (b) greater perceptions of harm inflicted on the in-group and less harm inflicted on the out-group and third parties. Stronger in-group identification among Hutus and Tutsis also predicted more out-group responsibility for the conflict.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma in labor and the newborn.

Abstract Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare tumor, but is occasionally seen in fullterm or premature live infants. It is a tumor which carries a high rate of malignancy, but can be cured by early surgery. High salvage rates have been reported, where the infants have been operated on before 4 months of age. These tumors may become large and give rise to dystocia in labor. This dystocia is of the type caused by a soft-tissue mass and may be overcome with patience and care. Embryotomy should not be resorted to, except where delivery is otherwise impossible, as these infants can and sometimes do survive the surgical treatment required for excision of the tumor.