cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Counseling Men through Bodywork

Bodywork is a particularly effective means of counseling males when used in a way that recognizes men's fear of therapy itself, of being touched, of being vulnerable, especially if the counselor is male. This article explores, in brief, the theory behind bodywork, the necessity of verbal therapy along with it, and methods for unblocking males' expression of fear, hurt, anger, and pleasure.
Cell-to-Cell Spread of Borna Disease Virus Proceeds in the Absence of the Virus Primary Receptor and Furin-Mediated Processing of the Virus Surface Glycoprotein

Borna disease virus (BDV) is an enveloped virus with a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome whose organization is characteristic of Mononegavirales. BDV cell entry follows a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway, which is initiated by the recognition of an as-yet-unidentified receptor at the cell surface by the virus glycoprotein G. BDV G is synthesized as a precursor (GPC) that is cleaved by the cellular protease furin to produce the mature glycoproteins GP1 and GP2, which have been implicated in receptor recognition and pH-dependent fusion events, respectively. BDV is highly neurotropic and its spread in cultured cells proceeds in the absence of detectable extracellular virus or syncytium formation. BDV spread has been proposed to be strictly dependent on the expression and correct processing of BDV G. Here we present evidence that cell-to-cell spread of BDV required neither the expression of cellular receptors involved in virus primary infection, nor the furin-mediated processing of BDV G. We also show that in furin-deficient cells, the release of BDV particles induced by the treatment of BDV-infected cells with hypertonic buffer was not significantly affected, while virion infectivity was dramatically impaired, correlating with the decreased incorporation of BDV G species into viral particles. These findings support the view that the propagation of BDV within the central nervous systems of infected hosts involves both a primary infection that follows a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway and a subsequent cell-to-cell spread that is independent of the expression of the primary receptor and does not require the processing of BDV G into GP1 and GP2.
Effects of Antigen-Antibody Complexes on the Primary Immune Response in Rhesus Monkeys

A model for the enhancement of the primary humoral immune response of rhesus monkeys to marginal or weakly antigenic vaccines is presented. Our procedure used the complexing of formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine with specific, homologous, immune gamma globulin (IgG) at equivalence. Equivalence was determined by combining the concentrated, isotopically labeled ( 3 H) virus with various concentrations of specific Sephadex-fractionated IgG. Enhancement of VEE virus antibody response in monkeys was obtained from preparations containing a marginal concentration of antigen that was complexed at equivalence with homologous IgG as compared with antigen alone. Protection in Swiss mice closely paralleled the antibody response pattern observed in monkeys, since complexes at equivalence provided 30 to 50% greater protection against challenge than antigen alone. Images
Serious Emotional Disturbance Among Youths Exposed to Hurricane Katrina 2 Years Postdisaster

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of serious emotional disturbance (SED) among children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina along with the associations of SED with hurricane-related stressors, sociodemographics, and family factors 18 to 27 months after the hurricane. Method: A probability sample of prehurricane residents of areas affected by Hurricane Katrina was administered a telephone survey. Respondents provided information on up to two of their children (n = 797) aged 4 to 17 years. The survey assessed hurricane-related stressors and lifetime history of psychopathology in respondents, screened for 12-month SED in respondents’ children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and determined whether children’s emotional and behavioral problems were attributable to Hurricane Katrina. Results: The estimated prevalence of SED was 14.9%, and 9.3% of the youths were estimated to have SED that is directly attributable to Hurricane Katrina. Stress exposure was associated strongly with SED, and 20.3% of the youths with high stress exposure had hurricane-attributable SED. Death of a loved one had the strongest association with SED among prehurricane residents of New Orleans, whereas exposure to physical adversity had the strongest association in the remainder of the sample. Among children with stress exposure, parental psychopathology and poverty were associated with SED. Conclusions: The prevalence of SED among youths exposed to Hurricane Katrina remains high 18 to 27 months after the storm, suggesting a substantial need for mental health treatment resources in the hurricane-affected areas. The youths who were exposed to hurricane-related stressors, have a family history of psychopathology, and have lower family incomes are at greatest risk for long-term psychiatric impairment. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2009;
Apparently untreatable hypertension

Division of Cardiology, New York Methodist Hospital—Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Brooklyn, NY (I Mamkin MD); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT (I Mamkin, R A Elkoustaf MD, S V Ramanan MD); Division of Cardiology, The Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, CT (R A Elkoustaf); and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT (S V Ramanan), USA
Influences of Host Chemicals and Internal Physiology on the Multiple Steps of Postlanding Host Acceptance Behavior of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

A series of bioassays were performed to evaluate the effects of host tree monoterpenes on initial entry, within-tissue orientation, and gallery construction by the bark beetle Ips pini (Say). Monoterpenes at concentrations present in host trees affected all stages of postlanding host acceptance behavior. However, the effects of each monoterpene varied with the particular stage of the orientation sequence. The number of beetles entering a phloem-based medium decreased with increased concentrations of most monoterpenes. An exception occurred with β-pinene, which elicited increased beetle entry at moderate concentrations. Once beetles began to form galleries within phloem-based media, higher monoterpene concentrations increased the likelihood that they would move from amended to nonamended sections of the substrate. However, low to moderate concentrations of β-pinene arrested beetles within treated regions of the arena. The total gallery length generally decreased with increasing monoterpene concentrations. However, gallery lengths were consistently higher at intermediate concentrations of α-pinene. The enantiomeric composition of ∂-pinene did not influence entrance or gallery formation by I. pini. Moreover, the concentration of monoterpenes appears to be more important than the type of monoterpene in affecting postlanding host selection behavior. There was a positive correlation between host entry and total percentage of lipids within beetles. We describe a new bioassay that evaluates initial host entry by bark beetles, a critical qualitative decision in their life history, and relates this decision to quantitative aspects of host chemistry. Our results indicate that postlanding host acceptance is a multistep process shaped by environmental conditions and internal physiological state of the insect.
Elderly Jail Inmates: Problems, Prevalence and Public Health

Increases in the size of the elderly population in jails and prisons have created considerable challenges for health-care practitioners within correctional systems and public health agencies. This study examined the prevalence of elderly inmates in 134 county jails and some of the challenges that these older inmates confront. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of elderly inmates in county jails is higher than reported in recent national studies. Further, these populations were thought to be at high-risk for selfharm, suicide, and victimization by other inmates. Implications for health care within county jails as well as public health approaches to solving challenges associated with elderly jail inmates are addressed.
Protecting Handicapped Newborns

Of the two questions assigned to me and indicated in the title of this chapter, I will concentrate on the first question (“Who’s in charge?”), reserving the second question (“Who pays?”) for brief discussion at the end. I shall construe both questions as normative rather than descriptive, as asking who should be in charge and who should pay.
Green Criminology and Social Justice: A Reexamination of the Lynemouth Plant Closing and the Political Economic Causes of Environmental and Social Injustice:

Pamela Ann Davies argues that the closure of the Lynemouth, UK, aluminum smelter generated adverse social justice impacts and was caused by the adoption of green state policies. She employs that ar...
MODE AND PERIOD OF SAND TRANSPORT IN THE SURF ZONE

Three almometers-water opacity measuring devices-emplaced perpendicular to the beach, measure instantaneously and continuously the sediment concentration across the surf zone. Most of the variance of the sand movement is centered in frequencies of less than 0.25 Hz and between 1.15 and 1.25 Hz. Modes and frequency of sand transport differ within each of the dynamic zones of the surf. The motion of sediment in the inner and outer surf zones is small and virtually independent of the deep water wave periods. Outside the breaker zone, bed load movement is somewhat coincident with the prevailing swell period. Lighter concentrations move predominantly with a 0.8-0.9 second periodicity. In the breaker zone, sand moves along the bottom with frequencies equal to that of both the swell and sea, but most of the power is in lower frequencies. In the breaker zone sand is rarely thrown into suspension. In the transition zone, sediment motion is largely by suspension with a period a little longer than the swell.
Improved Passivation of Silicon Solar Cells Using Combined Low-Energy Hydrogen Implantation and Optical Processing

An improved technique for impurity/defect passivation of silicon solar cells is described. A low-energy hydrogen implantation is performed from the back side of solar cells to produce a deep hydrogen diffusion. The deep diffusion is believed to be caused by the formation of a mobile hydrogen-vacancy (H-V) complex. Next, a layer of Al is deposited on the hydrogenated side and an Optical Processing (OP) step is performed. The OP step accomplishes several objectives that include formation of an ohmic contact, dissociation of H-V complexes to release hydrogen that can participate in further passivation, and dissolution and regrowth of the highly defected surface layer.
The Congressional Budget Process in an Era of Surpluses

How the federal government's fiscal health has improved! As recently as 1992, the United States experienced its largest ever current-dollar annual unified budget deficit of 124 billion. More significantly, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has projected healthy on—budget surpluses—that is, no money will have to be taken out of the Social Security trust fund and revenues will still exceed expenditures—well into the second decade of the new century.The causes of this turnaround are well understood. The record-long economic expansion of the 1990s has boosted revenues dramatically, the end of the Cold War lowered the demand for defense spending, and the budget legislation of 1990, 1993, and 1997 generally cut spending and raised taxes (Parks 2000; Schick 2000).What Washington does with the extra money depends greatly on electoral outcomes over the coming years. Congressional Republicans—along with their party's presidential candidate, Texas Governor George W. Bush—have promised tax cuts, while Democrats have called for higher levels of domestic discretionary spending. But there are areas of agreement. Both parties wish to protect the Social Security trust fund in a so-called “lock box” and both have expressed their commitment to pay off the publicly-held debt. It is likely, therefore, that future incarnations of divided government might protect the surplus by producing a default fiscal policy based primarily on these two proposals.
Analysis of the Social Service Functions of Key Labs in Regions Inhabited by Ethnic Groups

Social service is one of fundamental functions of key labs.As the country is building a well-off society in an all-round way and makes Chinese people develop harmoniously and sustainably,the administrators of key labs in regions inhabited by ethnic groups must fully understand its service functions and positions,its current weak points,make the efforts to remove the side effects,give full play to its role,further improves it and its contribution to the economic and social development in regions inhabited by ethnic groups.
Investigation on the AIDS knowledge among students of Suizhou(2005-2009)

Objective To understand the AIDS knowledge,attitude and demand among students of Suizhou from 2005 to 2009,so as to provide information for the intervention and prevention of AIDS.Methods Cluster sampling method for high school students in grade 2,and self-filling questionnaires survey were applied.Results The students' knowledge on AIDS prevention awareness changed with time.The positive attitude toward HIV infection and patient gradually increased.The main way of getting AIDS prevention knowledge transferred from billboards and newspapers to publicity materials and network.Conclusions The popularization of the knowledge of AIDS prevention was effective among high schools in Suizhou.It is of great importance to further enhance the awareness of AIDS prevention among high school students.
Postnatal Development of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

To explore the postnatal development of inhibitory synaptic activity in the rostral (gustatory) nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST), whole cell and gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings wer...
Sexual orientation identity disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination initiation and completion among young adult US women and men

To examine the association between sexual orientation identity and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion among both women and men. Using data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated logistic regression models for the association between sexual orientation identity and HPV vaccination initiation (≥1 dose) and completion (≥3 doses) among US women and men in relation to sociodemographic and healthcare factors. Analyses were restricted to individuals for whom the HPV vaccine was recommended at some point in their lives, namely women aged 18–34 years (n = 9,734) and men aged 18–31 years (n = 6,812). Among all women, bisexual women had higher adjusted odds of HPV vaccination initiation [(odds ratio) 1.71; (95 % confidence interval) 1.20–2.45] and completion (1.59; 1.05–2.42) than heterosexual women. No difference was observed in the odds of HPV vaccination initiation or completion between lesbian and heterosexual women. Among women who had initiated HPV vaccination, lesbians had lower adjusted odds of completion than heterosexual women (0.41; 0.19–0.90). Among all men, gay men had higher adjusted odds of initiating (2.07; 1.17–3.52) and completing (3.90; 1.68–9.06) HPV vaccination than heterosexual men. No difference was observed in the odds of HPV vaccination initiation or completion between bisexual and heterosexual men. Among men who had initiated HPV vaccination, gay (4.36; 1.28–14.83) and bisexual (20.92; 2.34–186.73) men had higher adjusted odds of completion than heterosexual men, although these results are unreliable and should be interpreted with caution. Interventions are needed to promote HPV vaccination among all US women and men, regardless of sexual orientation identity.
Experimental results for a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron with an improved cavity

Recently, a cavity (named V-2005) has been designed and successfully tested for the 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron experiment at MIT. The novel feature of the cavity lies in its low diffractive Q factor which corresponds to reducing the Ohmic loss on the cavity wall. The design and mode competition analysis were done with the simulation code, MAGY. In short pulse experiments, we achieved 1.67 MW of output power with an efficiency of 42 % at 97 kV of beam voltage and 41 A of current. Compared to the previous cavity (named V-2003), the new cavity has a smaller output taper angle and the Ohmic loss has been reduced by 25 %. The experimental result shows an increase in efficiency (42 % vs. 37 %) in the new cavity compared to the previous one. A map of the observed modes was generated by varying the cathode and cavity magnetic fields for both cavities. Less competition from the TE/sub 19.7/ mode was observed in the V-2005 cavity.
Scaling Up Innovative Mathematics in the Middle Grades: Case Studies of “Good Enough” Enactments

This set of comparative case studies examined three teachers’ enactments of a mathematics replacement unit to teach concepts of rate and linear function using SimCalc. The cases were drawn from a larger set of 37 teachers in a randomized experimental study that documented a significant main effect on student achievement. The goal was to identify the learning resources that supported students’ opportunities to make conceptual connections and the various configurations of learning resources among classrooms. Content Maps of lessons were created to model the content that was expressed in whole-group recitations. Two of the teachers had high gains, but used different configurations of learning resources to realize them. In contrast, the third teacher had a mean class gain that was below average, despite an MKT score that was among the highest in the treatment sample. In any case, no teacher implemented the curriculum in ways that were completely consistent with SimCalc developers’ vision. Scaling up instructional innovations entails trade-offs. Understanding these trade-offs can help educators recognize successful, “good enough” enactments of curriculum.
Knowledge of Concussion and Reporting Behaviors in High School Athletes With or Without Access to an Athletic Trainer.

Context: Increased sport participation and sport-related concussion incidence has led to an emphasis on having an appropriate medical professional available to high school athletes. The medical professional best suited to provide medical care to high school athletes is a certified athletic trainer (AT). Access to an AT may influence the reporting of sport-related concussion in the high school athletic population; however, little is known about how the presence of an AT affects concussion knowledge, prevention, and recognition. Objective: To evaluate knowledge of concussion and reporting behaviors in high school athletes who did or did not have access to an AT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 438 athletes with access to an AT and 277 without access to an AT. Intervention(s): A validated knowledge-of-concussion survey consisting of 83 items addressing concussion history, concussion knowledge, scenario questions, signs and symptoms of a concussion, a...
The Spatialization of Racial Inequity and Educational Opportunity:Rethinking the Rural/Urban Divide.

This analysis recounts and examines the history of American public education, focusing on the experiences of poor urban and rural students of color. Using the lens of critical race theory, it suggests that educational inequity is not just raced and classed but also spatialized—that is, embedded in and maintained through geography. The mechanisms of this spatialization similarly disadvantage rural and urban schools serving poor children of color, and educational reforms have failed to dismantle the relationship between inequity and geography. Offering a clearer understanding of today's inequities, this analysis shows that these schools should be seen less as opposites than as allies with a shared interest in expanding educational opportunity across geographies.
Community and Individual Risk Factors for Physical Child Abuse and Child Neglect: Variations by Poverty Status:

Families are impacted by a variety of risk and protective factors for maltreatment at multiple levels of the social ecology. Individual- and neighborhood-level poverty has consistently been shown to be associated with higher risk for child abuse and neglect. The current study sought to understand the ways in which individual- and neighborhood-level risk and protective factors affect physical child abuse and child neglect and whether these factors differed for families based on their individual poverty status. Specifically, we used a three-level hierarchical linear model (families nested within census tracts and nested within cities) to estimate the relationships between physical child abuse and child neglect and neighborhood structural factors, neighborhood processes, and individual characteristics. We compared these relationships between lower and higher income families in a sample of approximately 3,000 families from 50 cities in the State of California. We found that neighborhood-level disadvantage was especially detrimental for families in poverty and that neighborhood-level protective processes (social) were not associated with physical child abuse and child neglect for impoverished families, but that they had a protective effect for higher income families.
Introduction to the Book

This chapter offers a rationale for the book which recognizes the importance of entrepreneurs’ contributions to the economic system the “key drivers” of economic progress. It provides definitions of key terms. It also shares an overview of each of the five sections of the work that investigates entrepreneurship policies for and practices of female entrepreneurs in Japan, China, India, Singapore, and Indonesia.
What Is the Role of Mobile No-Touch Disinfection Technology in Optimizing Healthcare Environmental Hygiene?

Over the past decade, it has become widely recognized that effective and thorough cleaning of patient zone surfaces represents a critical component of horizontal healthcare-associated infection prevention. While liquid chemistries are well established as the most critically useful approach to surface disinfection, innovative no-touch disinfection technologies have evolved that complement many traditional cleaning activities. In order to clarify the potential clinical role of these technologies, a review of published studies was undertaken using a structured evidentiary hierarchy as proposed by McDonald and Arduino in 2013. While the in vitro capabilities and limitations of both ultraviolet and hydrogen peroxide vapor technologies have been quantified, clinical studies have yet to provide clear guidance for practitioners considering the use of such systems. On the basis of this review, recommendations to improve future clinical trials of patient zone environmental hygiene interventions were developed.
Disaster Relief and Crisis Intervention with Deaf Communities: Lessons Learned from the Japanese Deaf Community

During natural disasters and crises, the deaf and hard of hearing community might not have full accessibility to all of the information shared with the larger hearing community. This could be due to the lack of awareness among social work professionals about these cultural and linguistic needs of this minority population. The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges faced by the deaf community and to discuss culturally and linguistically appropriate crisis intervention and mobilization to natural disaster situations based on the experiences of the Japanese deaf communities affected by the Kobe and Tohoku earthquakes.
Anaphylactic shock with methylprednisolone sodium succinate in a child with short bowel syndrome and cow's milk allergy

Medications with methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate containing lactose, which potentially contains traces of cow’s milk proteins (CMP), could cause allergic reactions or compromise treatment of acute allergic reactions in sensitized patients. We describe the unusual case of a one-year-old child affected by short bowel syndrome and history of severe cow’s milk allergy (CMA) and anaphylactic reaction due to intravenous administration of methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol 40 mg, Pfizer). He was admitted to our hospital for severe respiratory failure and was initially treated with methyl-prednisolone (Urbason 40 mg, Sanofi Aventis), then with methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol 40 mg, Pfizer). After the intravenous administration of second steroid, immediate anaphylaxis was recorded and treatment was stopped. Antihistamine and epinephrine were required and symptom resolution occurred. Children who are highly sensitive to milk may have severe allergic reactions also after exposure to CMP through a different administration route than the oral one. Patients who have food allergies need to pay particular attention to the prescription of drugs and their formulation.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Methamphetamine-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Objectives This study sought to characterize patients with methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (MA-PAH) and cardiomyopathy (MA-CMP), to compare with MA controls (MA-CTL), users with structurally normal hearts, with the aim of identifying risk factors for these conditions. Background MA-PAH and MA-CMP are 2 poorly understood cardiac complications in MA users. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 50 MA-PAH, 296 MA-CMP, and 356 MA-CTL patients, whom we evaluated between 2010 and 2017. Results After a median follow-up of 20.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.6 to 42.6 months), all-cause mortality was 18.0% for MA-PAH, 15.2% for MA-CMP, and 4.5% for MA-CTL group (p Conclusions Both MA-PAH and MA-CMP patients carried significant disease burden and mortality risk. Male sex, hypertension, and alcoholism were strongly associated with MA-CMP, whereas female sex and other unknown factors may influence development of MA-PAH. This study adds to the understanding of MA-associated cardiac complications and highlights directions for future investigation.
Oral Care Assessment Tools and Interventions After Stroke.

Oral hygiene assessment and oral care are critical—but often overlooked—nursing interventions after a stroke. In this review, we describe the oral biofilm, threats to oral health, current oral assessment tools, and oral hygiene programs for patients who have had a stroke. In healthy individuals, the oral microbiota is predominantly Gram-positive and is sometimes characterized as the human oral microbiome database. Patients diagnosed with periodontal disease have a Gram-negative microbiome, which is associated with inflammation and infection.1 Dental plaque is composed of thick bacterial cell layers around the tooth surface. Frequently called a biofilm, this plaque thickens in individuals with poor oral hygiene.2 Because the tooth surface is uniquely defined by its nonshedding characteristics, the teeth may harbor organisms that lead to the development of a thick biofilm, a known precursor to periodontitis. Periodontitis is implicated as contributing to the worsening of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.3 Tonomura et al4 reported an association with deep cerebral microhemorrhages and intracerebral hemorrhages in patients with certain strains of a common oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans , which harbors the CNM gene. Patients with preexisting periodontal disease who have had a stroke and have experienced dysphagia are at increased risk for translocation of pathogenic oral microbes to the lungs. DNA genomic analyses of dental plaque samples have shown that the genetic material from bronchial samples of patients in the intensive care unit with ventilator-associated pneumonia are identical,5 further underscoring the importance of oral hygiene. In 2003, Scannapieco et al6 performed a systematic review of 21 studies of periodontal disease and found a significant association between pneumonia and dental plaque or dependency for oral care. Frequent cleaning of the tooth’s surface may provide the necessary desquamative effects for decreasing the microbial burden of such pathogens.7 In people for …
Recovery of ruin probability and Value at Risk from the scaled Laplace transform inversion

Abstract In this paper, we propose three modified approximations of the ruin probability and the inverse function of the ruin probability using the inversion of the scaled values of Laplace transform suggested by Mnatsakanov et al. (2015). The problem of evaluating numerically the tail-Value at Risk of an insurance portfolio is also discussed briefly. Performances of the proposed constructions are demonstrated via the graphs and tables using several examples.
Visualizing Structure and Transitions for Biological Data Exploration

With the advent of high-throughput technologies measuring high-dimensional biological data, there is a pressing need for visualization tools that reveal data structure and emergent patterns in an intuitive form. We present PHATE, an unsupervised visualization method that captures both local and global non-linear structure in data by preserving informational distance between data points. PHATE reveals a range of patterns in data including continual progressions, branches, and clusters without imposing any prior assumptions on the latent data structure. We apply PHATE on a wide variety of datasets, including CyTOF, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), Hi-C, and gut microbiome data and show its effectiveness in generating new insights into the underlying systems. We apply and experimentally validate PHATE using a newly generated scRNA-seq dataset of human germ layer differentiation in which PHATE reveals a dynamic picture of the main developmental branches in unparalleled detail.
Cultural factors associated with physical activity among U.S. adults: An integrative review.

Abstract AIM The purpose of this integrative review is to identify the cultural factors associated with physical activity (PA) among United States (U.S.) adults. BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant public health problem that requires comprehensive community-based efforts. Cultural factors influence behavior and attitudes towards PA. Therefore, identifying the cultural factors is a key requirement for the planning of specific measures to enhance the level of PA and are more promising than campaigns aimed at the general population. This integrative review examined existing research on cultural factors influencing adult PA to inform the development of culturally adapted PA interventions in adults. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in key scientific databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and PsycINFO) using several key words related to both culture and PA. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles were identified, reviewed, synthesized, and critically analyzed. RESULTS Eight major categories of cultural factors were identified: 1) collectivism and cultural identity; 2) religiosity; 3) cultural attitudes and gender norms in regards to PA; 4) cultural perspectives on health in regards to PA; 5) cultural expectations of familism and lack of time; 6) lack of role models and lack of motivation; 7) lack of culturally appropriate exercise facilities; and 8) cultural expectations of body image and physical appearance. CONCLUSIONS Review findings emphasize the need for health promotion targeted toward improving cultural barriers to PA among U.S. Adults.
Step-up and step-down treatments for optimal asthma control in children and adolescents.

Objective: To review therapeutic options for stepwise management of pediatric asthma in the context of this population’s unique needs such as potential effects of asthma, treatments, or both on gro...
Effects of acid base disturbance, septic shock, and calcium and phosphorous abnormalities on cardiovascular function.

Acid-base, electrolyte disturbances and sepsis a:e commonly seen in critical care medicine. These derangements have an impact on cardiovascular function not only in individuals with underlying heart disease, but also in those who have no apparent organic heart disease. This present article attempts to elucidate the pathogenesis and the physiologic consequences of some of these disturbances on cardiovascular function.
Dismantling Ableism: The Moral Imperative for School Leaders

This is a special issue dedicated to exploring the efforts used in leadership development sectors such as education, public health and public administration to explicitly address abelism as a part of the professional training program. Login for full text: [Word] [PDF] [TXT] Dismantling Ableism: The Moral Imperative for School Leaders by Holly Manaseri & Josh Bornstein is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at http://rdsjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/772. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu.
Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels mediate salivary gland function and blood feeding in the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.

Background Tick feeding causes extreme morbidity and mortality to humans through transmission of pathogens and causes severe economic losses to the agricultural industry by reducing livestock yield. Salivary gland secretions are essential for tick feeding and thus, reducing or preventing saliva secretions into the vertebrate host is likely to reduce feeding and hinder pathogen life cycles. Unfortunately, the membrane physiology of tick salivary glands is underexplored and this gap in knowledge limits the development of novel therapeutics for inducing cessation of tick feeding. Methodology We studied the influence of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel subtypes to the functional capacity of the isolated tick salivary gland through the use of a modified Ramsay assay. The secreted saliva was subsequently used for quantification of the elemental composition of the secreted saliva after the glands were exposed to K+ channel modulators as a measure of osmoregulatory capacity. Lastly, changes to blood feeding behavior and mortality were measured with the use of a membrane feeding system. Principal findings In this study, we characterized the fundamental role of Kir channel subtypes in tick salivary gland function and provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of these ion channels reduces the secretory activity of the Amblyomma americanum salivary gland. The reduced secretory capacity of the salivary gland was directly correlated with a dramatic reduction of blood ingestion during feeding. Further, exposure to small-molecule modulators of Kir channel subtypes induced mortality to ticks that is likely resultant from an altered osmoregulatory capacity. Conclusions Our data contribute to understanding of tick salivary gland function and could guide future campaigns aiming to develop chemical or reverse vaccinology technologies to reduce the worldwide burden of tick feeding and tick-vectored pathogens.
Sustained Blood Pressure Responding During Synthetic Work

Hour-long elevations in mean blood pressure were elicited by the performance of a synthetic work task for both naive subjects and experienced subjects. Task-elicited changes in heart rate failed to reach significance although split-half reliabilities of both heart rate measures and mean blood pressure measures were very high during task performance. Several significant correlations were observed between performance and cardiovascular response magnitude that differed in sign for the experienced and naive groups. The use of the synthetic work task as a tool for the study of sustained blood pressure elevations elicited by work stress is discussed.
Stroke Primes New Hippocampal Neurons for Hyperexcitability.

New neurons are produced in the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood in rodents (for review, see [Goncalves et al., 2016][1]; [Toda et al., 2019][2]) and likely in humans ([Boldrini et al., 2018][3]; cf. [Sorrells et al., 2018][4]). Although the total number of adult-born granule cells in
Molecular Imaging of Endometriosis Tissues using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Endometriosis is a pathologic condition affecting approximately 10% of women in their reproductive years. Characterized by abnormal growth of uterine endometrial tissue in other body areas, endometriosis can cause severe abdominal pain and/or infertility. Despite devastating consequences to patients’ quality of life, the causes of endometriosis are not fully understood and validated diagnostic markers for endometriosis have not been identified. Molecular analyses of ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues could lead to enhanced understanding of the disease. Here, we apply desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) imaging to chemically and spatially characterize the molecular profiles of 231 eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from 89 endometriosis patients. DESI-MS imaging allowed clear visualization of endometrial glandular and stromal regions within tissue samples. Statistical models built from DESI-MS imaging data allowed classification of endometriosis lesions with overall accuracies of 89.4%, 98.4%, and 98.8% on training, validation, and test sample sets, respectively. Further, molecular markers that are significantly altered in ectopic endometrial tissues when compared to eutopic tissues were identified, including fatty acids and glycerophosphoserines. Our study showcases the value of MS imaging to investigate the molecular composition of endometriosis lesions and pinpoints metabolic markers that may provide new knowledge on disease pathogenesis.
Teaching and learning about Spanish L2 compliments in short-term study abroad

Abstract The case for pragmatics instruction in second language (L2) learning has been evidenced by empirical research, although investigations within the context of study abroad are more limited. The objective of this article is to detail the impact of a pedagogical intervention which included explicit teaching and ethnographic field work on the learning of Spanish compliments and compliment responses during a four-week study abroad program. Despite their restricted exposure to the target language community, the 20 participants in the study demonstrated approximation to native norms in their complimenting behavior. These results support the positive benefits of exploiting exposure to the TL community to aid pragmatics instruction in the classroom.
Tumor Targeted Delivery of an Anti‐Cancer Therapeutic: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

The limited effectiveness of current therapeutics against malignant brain gliomas has led to an urgent need for development of new formulations against these tumors. Chelator Dp44mT (di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) presents a promising candidate to defeat gliomas due to its exceptional anti-tumor activity and its unique ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The goal of this study is to develop a targeted nano-carrier for Dp44mT delivery to glioma tumors and to assess its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Dp44mT is loaded into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with glioma-targeting ligand Interlukin 13 (IL13). IL13-conjugation enhanced the NP uptake by glioma cells and also improved their transport across an in vitro blood-brain-barrier (BBB) model. This targeted formulation showed an outstanding toxicity towards glioma cell lines and patient-derived stem cells in vitro, with IC50 values less than 125 nM, and caused no significant death in healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells. In vivo, when tested on a xenograft mouse model, IL13-conjugated Dp44mT-NPs reduced the glioma tumor growth by ≈62% while their untargeted counterparts reduced the tumor growth by only ≈16%. Notably, this formulation does not cause any significant weight loss or kidney/liver toxicity in mice, demonstrating its great therapeutic potential.
Robotic Segmentectomy: Lower Lobes

Despite pulmonary lobectomy being established as the optimal oncologic procedure for the treatment of lung cancer, segmental resection is becoming an increasingly important option for the management of early-stage disease. Here we describe the indications for pulmonary segmentectomy, with an emphasis on technique and strategy for lower lobe segmentectomy. Lower lobe segmentectomies can be one of the more demanding segmentectomies, not only due to the anatomic variability of individual basilar segments but due to the difficulty in dividing or stapling the intersegmental planes. Traditional parenchymal division with cauterization along the intersegmental vein can facilitate some of the difficulties in parenchymal transection and residual segmental function, but at the expense of increased air leaks. Although the sequence and steps of the operation may vary according to each individual patient anatomy and tumor location, the ultimate goals of proper margins, complete intralobar mediastinal lymphadenectomy, and lung preservation when possible remain paramount.
Veterinary Consulting Opportunities Utilizing the Beef PEP Approach

Veterinary/county extension agent teams of the Texas Beef Partnership in Extension Program supported by faculty members from Texas A&M University provide consultation services to six beef cow/calf study herds that subsequently improved their profitability by reducing the cost of producing a hundred-weight of calf. There were six steps to the process: 1) select a herd with a high potential to improve profits, 2) identify opportunities for changes in ranch management practices that will result in improved profitability, 3) develop a ranch management plan, 4) implement the ranch management plan, 5) monitor production and economic outcomes and 6) revise and update the herd plan. Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA) of the study herds’ production levels and economic outcomes was involved in nearly every step and was the foundation of the project. The knowledge base of veterinary practitioners on beef herd health and production coupled with their ongoing contact and high rapport with producers make them the best choice for leadership of successful consultation teams for beef cow/calf operations.
Thrombin perturbs neurite outgrowth and induces apoptotic cell death in enriched chick spinal motoneuron cultures through caspase activation.

Increasing evidence indicates several roles for thrombin-like serine proteases and their cognate inhibitors (serpins) in normal development and/or pathology of the nervous system. In addition to its prominent role in thrombosis and/or hemostasis, thrombin inhibits neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma and primary neuronal cells in vitro , prevents stellation of glial cells, and induces cell death in glial and neuronal cell cultures. Thrombin is known to act via a cell surface protease-activated receptor (PAR-1), and recent evidence suggests that rodent neurons express PAR-1. Previously, we have shown that the thrombin inhibitor, protease nexin-1, significantly prevents neuronal cell death both in vitro and in vivo . Here we have examined the effects of human α-thrombin and the presence and/or activation of PAR-1 on the survival and differentiation of highly enriched cultures of embryonic chick spinal motoneurons. We show that thrombin significantly decreased the mean neurite length, prevented neurite branching, and induced motoneuron death by an apoptosis-like mechanism in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were prevented by cotreatment with hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor. Treatment of the cultures with a synthetic thrombin receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRNP) mimicked the deleterious effects of thrombin on motoneurons. Furthermore, cotreatment of the cultures with inhibitors of caspase activities completely prevented the death of motoneurons induced by either thrombin or SFLLRNP. These findings indicate that (1) embryonic avian spinal motoneurons express functional PAR-1 and (2) activation of this receptor induces neuronal cell degeneration and death via stimulation of caspases. Together with previous reports, our results suggest that thrombin, its receptor(s), and endogenous thrombin inhibitors may be important regulators of neuronal cell fate during development, after injury, and in pathology of the nervous system.
Role Hierarchies and Constraints for Lattice-Based Access Controls

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a promising alternative to traditional discretionary and mandatory access controls. In RBAC permissions are associated with roles, and users are made members of appropriate roles thereby acquiring the roles' permissions. In this paper we formally show that lattice-based mandatory access controls can be enforced by appropriate configuration of RBAC components. Our constructions demonstrate that role hierarchies and constraints are required to effectively achieve this result. We show that variations of the lattice-based *-property, such as write-up (liberal *-property) and no-write-up (strict *-property), can be easily accommodated in RBAC. Our results attest to the flexibility of RBAC and its ability to accommodate different policies by suitable configuration of role hierarchies and constraints.
Differential Impacts of Virus Diversity on Biomass Production of a Native and an Exotic Grass Host

Pathogens are common and diverse in natural communities and have been implicated in the success of host invasions. Yet few studies have experimentally measured how pathogens impact native versus exotic hosts, particularly when individual hosts are simultaneously coinfected by diverse pathogens. To estimate effects of interactions among multiple pathogens within host individuals on both transmission of pathogens and fitness consequences for hosts, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using California grassland species: the native perennial grass Nassella (Stipa) pulchra, the exotic annual grass Bromus hordeaceus, and three virus species, Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV, and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV. In terms of virus transmission, the native host was less susceptible than the exotic host to MAV. Coinfection of PAV and MAV did not occur in any of the 157 co-inoculated native host plants. In the exotic host, PAV infection most strongly reduced root and shoot biomass, and coinfections that included PAV severely reduced biomass. Infection with single or multiple viruses did not affect biomass in the native host. However, in this species the most potentially pathogenic coinfections (PAV + MAV and PAV + MAV + RPV) did not occur. Together, these results suggest that interactions among multiple pathogens can have important consequences for host health, which may not be predictable from interactions between hosts and individual pathogens. This work addresses a key empirical gap in understanding the impact of multiple generalist pathogens on competing host species, with potential implications for population and community dynamics of native and exotic species. It also demonstrates how pathogens with relatively mild impacts independently can more substantially reduce host performance in coinfection.
Chemical reactions involved in the catalytic hydrogenation of oils. III. Further identification of volatile by-products

Two distinct types of hydrogenation flavor may originate from catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils. One is the characteristic flavor developed during hydrogenation. After it is removed by deodorization, the second type of hydrogenation flavor may develop during the storage of the bland deodorized hydrogenated fat.