cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposed criteria for the selection of patients for ambulatory therapy of acute gonococcal salpingitis.

ABSTRACT No firm criteria have existed that delineate which patients with acute gonococcal salpingitis can be managed successfully on an outpatient basis and which patients would be best handled by hospitalization. This article describes one individual's rationale for selecting candidates for ambulatory therapy of acute salpingitis. (J GYNECOL SURG 9:127, 1993)
A generic, ‘in-house’, alphanumeric paging system for prospective activity impairments after traumatic brain injury

Objective: For settings having suitable infrastructure, generic, ‘in-house’ alphanumeric paging systems can be constructed that are fully under clinician control. Development of such a system for therapeutic application is described and a single-case study presented that assessed whether the system could improve repetitive, prospective use of a daily planner.Design: ABA′ single case.Methods: The participant was male, in his mid-30s, having cognitive impairments subsequent to recent TBI superimposed on remote neurological changes. The pager reminded him to record therapeutic information in a daily planner, for discussion with a family member each evening.Results: During intervention (B) trials, reliable memory log usage was noted. By trial five of return-to-baseline (A′) trials, there was decreased memory log use.Conclusions: Alphanumeric paging facilitated reliable use of a memory log compensation technique. The ‘in-house’ paging system proved particularly suitable for intervention development. Limits of ...
Differential Effects of Homotypic vs. Heterotypic Chronic Stress Regimens on Microglial Activation in the Prefrontal Cortex

Stress pathology is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and aberrant glucocorticoid responses. Recent studies indicate increases in prefrontal cortical ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) staining following repeated restraint, reflecting increased microglial densities. Our experiments tested expression of Iba-1 staining in the prelimbic cortex (PL), infralimbic cortex (IL) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) following two-week exposure to repeated restraint (RR) and chronic variable stress (CVS), representing homotypic and heterotypic regimens, respectively. Unstressed animals served as controls. We specifically examined Iba-1 immunofluorescence in layers 2 and 3 versus layers 5 and 6 of the PL and IL, using both cell number and field staining density. Iba-1 field staining density was increased in both the PL and IL following RR in comparison to controls. This effect was not observed following CVS. Furthermore, PVN Iba-1 immunoreactivity was not affected by either stress regimen. Cell number did not vary within any brain areas or across stress exposures. Changes in microglial field density did not reflect changes in vascular density. Increases in PL and IL microglial density indicate selective microglial activation during RR, perhaps due to mild stress in the context of limited elevations in anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid actions. This research was supported by NIH grants [MH049698 and MH069860].
Speckle in the diffraction patterns of Hendricks-Teller and icosahedral glass models.

It is shown that the X-ray diffraction patterns from the Hendricks-Teller model for layered systems and the icosahedral glass models for the icosahedral phases show large fluctuations between nearby scattering wave vectors and from sample to sample, that are quite analogous to laser speckle. The statistics of these fluctuations are studied analytically for the first model and via computer simulations for the second. The observability of these effects is discussed briefly.
[Comment on “The sneak preview abstract” by S. A. Morse] Support for GAP

With all due respect to Dr. Morse of Massachusetts, I must submit an opinion quite opposite to the one he expressed in the March 1974 EOS Forum page. I find the advance publishing of abstracts one of the most valuable aspects of EOS. GAP (Geophysical Abstracts in Press) emphasizes the value of a well-written abstract, which should convey the most important results. Second, it expedites publication of those essential details. Finally, few of us can afford personal subscriptions to all the journals of AGU, and the abstracts tell us which issues in a library are worth tracking down.
Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed

Impaired water quality caused by human activity and the spread of invasive plant and animal species has been identified as a major factor of degradation of coastal ecosystems in the tropics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualized Non-Point Source Pollution Model), in simulating runoff and soil erosion in a 48km^2 watershed located on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. The model was calibrated and validated using 2years of observed stream flow and sediment load data. Alternative scenarios of spatial rainfall distribution and canopy interception were evaluated. Monthly runoff volumes predicted by AnnAGNPS compared well with the measured data (R^2=0.90, P<0.05); however, up to 60% difference between the actual and simulated runoff were observed during the driest months (May and July). Prediction of daily runoff was less accurate (R^2=0.55, P<0.05). Predicted and observed sediment yield on a daily basis was poorly correlated (R^2=0.5, P<0.05). For the events of small magnitude, the model generally overestimated sediment yield, while the opposite was true for larger events. Total monthly sediment yield varied within 50% of the observed values, except for May 2004. Among the input parameters the model was most sensitive to the values of ground residue cover and canopy cover. It was found that approximately one third of the watershed area had low sediment yield (0-1tha^-^1y^-^1), and presented limited erosion threat. However, 5% of the area had sediment yields in excess of 5tha^-^1y^-^1. Overall, the model performed reasonably well, and it can be used as a management tool on tropical watersheds to estimate and compare sediment loads, and identify ''hot spots'' on the landscape.
Accumulation and Toxicity of Copper Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles in a Marine Mussel

Cu is an essential trace element but can be highly toxic to aquatic organisms at elevated concentrations. Greater use of CuO engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may lead to increased concentrations of CuO ENPs in aquatic environments causing potential ecological injury. We examined the toxicity of CuO ENPs to marine mussels and the influence of mussels on the fate and transport of CuO ENPs. We exposed marine mussels to 1, 2, or 3 mg L-1 CuO ENPs for four weeks, and measured clearance rate, rejection, excretion and accumulation of Cu, and mussel shell growth. Mussel clearance rate was 48% less, and growth was 68% less, in mussels exposed to 3 mg L-1 than in control animals. Previous studies show 100% mortality at 1 mg Cu L-1, suggesting that CuO ENPs are much less toxic than ionic Cu, probably due to the slow dissolution rate of the ENPs. Mussels rejected and excreted CuO ENPs in biodeposits containing as much as 110 mg Cu g-1, suggesting the potential for magnification in sediments. Mussels exposed to 3 mg L-1 CuO ENPs accumulated 79.14 ± 12.46 µg Cu g-1 dry weight, which was 60 times more Cu than in control animals. Our results suggest that mussels have the potential to influence the fate and transport of CuO ENPs and potentially cause magnification of CuO ENPs in mussel bed communities, creating a significant source of Cu to marine benthos.
Expiremental determination of the optical density of states for phthalocyanines and porphyrins

Abstract The optical densities of states for four phthalocyanies,. chlorinated phthalocyanine, and protoporphyrin have been determined using photoemission and optical experiments. Three peaks occur in the optical density of occupied states. These are found to be characteristic of the conjugated inner ring structure of these molecules, and are in relatively good agreement with free electron MO calculations.
Shelf management and space elasticity

Abstract Shelf management is a difficult task in which rules of thumb rather than good theory and hard evidence tend to guide practice. Through a series of field experiments, we measured the effectiveness of two shelf management techniques: “space-to-movement,” where we customized shelf sets based on store-specific movement patterns; and “product reorganization” where we manipulated product placement to facilitate cross-category merchandising or ease of shopping. We found modest gains (4%) in sales and profits from increased customization of shelf sets and 5–6% changes due to shelf reorganization. Using the field experiment data, we modeled the impact of shelf positioning and facing allocations on sales of individual items. We found that location had a large impact on sales, whereas changes in the number of facings allocated to a brand had much less impact as long as a minimum threshold (to avoid out-of-stocks) was maintained.
A large-deformation gradient theory for elastic–plastic materials: Strain softening and regularization of shear bands

Abstract We present a large deformation gradient theory for rate-independent, isotropic elastic–plastic materials in which in addition to the standard equivalent tensile plastic strain ϵ ¯ p , a variable e p is introduced for the purpose of regularization of numerical simulations of shear band formation under strain softening conditions. Specifically, in contrast to traditional gradient theories which are based on ϵ ¯ p and ∇ ϵ ¯ p , here we develop a theory which depends on ϵ ¯ p , e p , and the gradient ∇ e p, with the latter chosen to represent a measure of the inhomogeneity of the microscale plasticity. We have numerically implemented a two-dimensional plane strain version of our theory in a commercial finite element program by writing a user-element subroutine. Representative examples which demonstrate the ability of the theory and its numerical implementation to satisfactorily model large-deformation strain-softening response accompanied by intense localized shear bands — with no pathological mesh-dependence — are provided.
Socialization as a Predictor of Employee Outcomes

This study examined the relationships between organizational and task socialization and employee organizational commitment, job involvement, role ambiguity, and work alienation. Participants were 318 working adults from a variety of organizations who had been working at their current job for less than one year. The findings demonstrated that organizational socialization positively predicted organizational commitment and job involvement and both organizational and task socialization negatively predicted role ambiguity and work alienation. Organizational socialization was found to be a stronger predictor of organizational commitment, job involvement, and work alienation than was task socialization.
RX J050736−6847.8: A Large Supernova Remnant around an X-Ray Binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud

RX J050736-6847.8 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is an intriguing X-ray source consisting of a large ring (diameter ~ 150 pc) of diffuse emission and a central compact source. It is projected in the vicinity of the superbubble N103 around the star cluster NGC 1850. RX J050736-6847.8's ring of diffuse X-ray emission, offset from the superbubble N103, is not bounded by any optical shell structure, while RX J050736-6847.8's central compact X-ray source is projected within the cluster HS122. We have analyzed archival ROSAT observations of RX J050736-6847.8 to determine the physical properties of its X-ray–emitting gas. The X-ray luminosity of the diffuse X-ray emission is 5–6 × 1035 ergs s-1 in the 0.1–2.4 keV band, within the range for supernova remnants (SNRs). Assuming a shell geometry with a fractional shell thickness (ΔR/R) of 0.05–0.2, we find the density of the hot gas to be 0.05–0.09 cm-3 and a hot gas mass of ~820 M⊙. The physical properties of this shell of hot gas are consistent with Sedov's solution for a ~5 × 104 yr old SNR in a low-density (~0.015 cm-3) medium formed by a supernova of an explosion energy of 3 × 1051 ergs. The density is so low that no detectable optical emission is expected. Therefore, we suggest that this ring of X-ray emission originates in a SNR, the largest known in the LMC. The large size, low density, and the regular X-ray morphology suggest that this SNR is located in the halo of the LMC; the small absorption column density further suggests that this SNR is on the near side of the LMC halo. The central compact source of RX J050736-6847.8 is probably an X-ray binary in the cluster HS122. The relationship between the compact source and the diffuse ring is unknown.
Changes in Abundance and Distribution of Native and Introduced Fishes of Suisun Marsh

Abstract Overall fish abundance, abundance of introduced, native, and seasonal fish groups, and species diversity declined over a 14-year period in Suisun Marsh, a portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary, and were associated with decreases in freshwater outflow and increases in salinity. Fish groups showed different patterns of abundance; large fluctuations in introduced and seasonal fish groups contrasted with a steady decline in native fish. Native species were found more often in small, dead-end sloughs, seasonal species were found in larger sloughs, and introduced species were found in both habitats. Fish assemblage structure was less predictable than in an earlier (and shorter) study of the same community. Mixed groups of native and introduced species with similar freshwater and seasonal needs reflected effects of drought and increasing water diversions from the estuary. Chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus and yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus, two introduced species, fluctuated greatly...
Acetylation of Prostaglandin H2 Synthases by Aspirin is Inhibited by Redox Cycling of the Peroxidase

Aspirin exerts its unique pharmacological effects by irreversibly acetylating a serine residue in the cyclooxygenase site of prostaglandin-H2-synthases (PGHSs). Despite the irreversibility of the inhibition, the potency of aspirin varies remarkably between cell types, suggesting that molecular determinants could contribute to cellular selectivity. Using purified enzymes, we found no evidence that aspirin is selective for either of the two PGHS isoforms, and we showed that hydroperoxide substrates of the PGHS peroxidase inhibited the rate of acetylation of PGHS-1 by 68%. Using PGHS-1 reconstituted with cobalt protoporphyrin, a heme devoid of peroxidase activity, we demonstrated that reversal by hydroperoxides of the aspirin-mediated acetylation depends upon the catalytic activity of the PGHS peroxidase. We demonstrated that inhibition of PGHS-2 by aspirin in cells in culture is reversed by 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid dose-dependently (ED50=0.58+/-0.15 microM) and that in cells with high levels of hydroperoxy-fatty acids (RAW264.7) the efficacy of aspirin is markedly decreased as compared to cells with low levels of hydroperoxides (A549; IC50s=256+/-22 microM and 11.0+/-0.9 microM, respectively). Together, these findings indicate that acetylation of the PGHSs by aspirin is regulated by the catalytic activity of the peroxidase, which yields a higher oxidative state of the enzyme.
Modeling Orthokinetic Coagulation in Spatially Varying Laminar Flow

An orthokinetic coagulation model including the effects of agglomeration and local stress-induced aggregate breakup was developed. This model was used to simulate coagulation in the flow between two eccentrically located and rotating cylinders. Four methods of modeling coagulation in the flow system were examined. The first technique used a volume-weighted average of the local strain rates, while a second method used an equivalent volume-weighted power (G). A third method treated each volume element as a separate batch reactor and determined a final volume-averaged floc population. The final modeling technique applied mass transfer between each of the elements. Results indicated that substantial differences in average particle diameters and populations were generated with each of the methods, especially where mass transfer between the elements was considered. It was concluded that mass transfer between regions of varying flow strain rate and/or velocity gradient should be included in accurate coagulation modeling.
Effect of bipolar turn-on on the static current-voltage characteristics of scaled vertical power DMOSFET's

The parasitic bipolar transistor inherent in the power vertical Double Diffused MOSFET (DMOSFET) structure can have a significant impact on its performance and reliability. Selectively formed TiSi/sub 2/ films on source contacts were used to reduce the contact resistance to n/sup +/ source diffusion. These devices exhibit "kinks" in the output I-V characteristics. High contact resistance of TiSi/sub 2/ to moderately doped p-body diffusion causes high output conductance. Detailed two-dimensional numerical simulations are used to investigate the effect of the parasitic bipolar transistor on the static characteristics of scaled silicided DMOSFET's. The high contact resistance of TiSi/sub 2/-p-body interface leads to a floating potential and causes significant reduction in the MOS gate threshold voltage and results in a premature bipolar turn-on. It is shown that the parasitic bipolar turn-on places an important constraint on the scalability of the device into the submicron regime. A novel self-aligned DMOSFET structure with a shallow diffused p/sup +/ region is shown to eliminate this effect. Numerical simulations are shown to be in excellent agreement with the measured data at various temperatures. >
Physical impact of waterjet‐based sediment remediation on benthic organisms

Adding activated carbon to sediments has been shown to be an effective means of reducing the bioavailability of certain contaminants. The current state of the practice is to mechanically mix activated carbon to a target concentration of 3 percent at depths of approximately 30 cm using a rotovator or similar construction equipment. Waterjets have been used to cut hard material using a mixture of water and an abrasive. If activated carbon is substituted for the abrasive, waterjets have the potential to use surface injection as a replacement for mechanical mixing during sediment remediation. A perceived benefit of waterjet-based sediment remediation is that there may be a reduced potential for benthic organism mortality related to amendment delivery. A set of waterjet parameters were identified that have the potential to achieve amendment placement goals, and a series of waterjet tests were conducted to evaluate the potential impact on the benthic community. The tests included mortality testing using a swimming macroinvertebrate and a burrowing invertebrate, benthic artifacts such as shells, and craft foam as a surrogate for living organisms. The results indicated that the immediate survivability was typically greater than 50 percent, and that empirical relationships between two variables (waterjet nozzle diameter and the water column height between the nozzle and the target) and the depth of cut in the foam could be established. Data are not available in the literature for direct comparison of organism survivability immediately after mechanical mixing, but the results of this study provide motivation for the further evaluation of waterjets on the basis of the low observed mortality rates. Future waterjet work may address field-scale characterization of mixing effectiveness, resuspension potential, technical feasibility, and cost. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the Sense of Taste on Broiler Chick Feed Consumption

This study was performed to determine the effects of five flavored diets on feed consumption, weight gain, and feed efficiency of broiler cockerels. Isocaloric diets were flavored with .06% saccharin, 6% citric acid, 5% salt, .10% quinine, or .13% aspartame. In Experiment 1, 1-wk-old broiler cockerels were fed an unflavored control diet ad libitum from a divided feed tray for 3 wk. Sides of the feed tray were rotated daily, every other day, or not at all, to determine the effect of position on preference. In Experiment 2, 1-day-old broiler cockerels were offered a choice between an unflavored control diet and a flavored diet, in an ad libitum feeding arrangement, for 3 wk. In Experiment 3, 1-day-old broiler cockerels were offered a choice between two flavored diets fed ad libitum for 3 wk. Daily rotation of the feed tray eliminated preferences due to position. When each side of the feed tray contained the same unflavored diet and was rotated daily, there were no significant differences in feed consumption, weight gain, or feed efficiency. In Experiment 2, there were significant differences in feed consumption between the control diet and all flavored diets except aspartame. The birds offered saccharin, citric acid, salt, and quinine ate significantly less of these diets than of the unflavored control diet. In Experiment 3, the birds detected the differences in flavor and consumed the feed in a specific order of preference: aspartame, saccharin, citric acid, salt, quinine.
Social projection, actual consensus and valence

A reanalysis of the meta-analytic database reported in Mullen & Hu (1988) revealed a strong effect of valence on social projection: overestimation of consensus decreased as a function of the valence, or the positivity, of the behaviour or choice. The previously demonstrated effect of actual consensus (overestimation of consensus decreasing as a function of actual consensus of the behaviour or choice) and this new effect of valence were shown to exert independent, additive effects on social projection.
Control design for an AWD clutch system via the piecewise affine system framework

Piecewise affine (PWA) systems belong to a subclass of switched systems and provide good flexibility and traceability for modeling a variety of nonlinear systems. In this paper, application of the PWA system framework to the modeling and control of an automotive all-wheel drive clutch system is presented. The open-loop system is first modeled as a PWA system, followed by the design of a piecewise linear (i.e., switched) feedback controller. The stability of the closed-loop system, including model uncertainty and time delays, is examined using linear matrix inequalities based on Lyapunov theory. Finally, the responses of the closed-loop system under step reference signals and temperature disturbance signals are simulated to illustrate the effectiveness of the design.
Distribution of muscle strength impairments following stroke

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the distribution of strength impairments soon after stroke. We were specifically interested in differences in impairments between proximal and distal actions, flexion and extension actions, and upper and lower limb actions.Design: We conducted a retrospective chart review of strength scores of patients with acute stroke.Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit.Subjects: Forty-eight patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke underwent initial testing on admission; 31 of the same patients underwent final testing prior to discharge.Main outcome measures: The strength of eight muscle actions was assessed bilaterally using hand-held dynamometry. Force measurements obtained were expressed in newtons and as a percentage of normal.Results: Strength was impaired bilaterally but more so on the side contralateral to the brain lesion. Distal muscle actions were less impaired than proximal muscle actions on the stronger side. Extension actions were less impaired than...
Improving G 1 surface joins by using a composite patch

A popular approach to joining surface patches smoothly across a given boundary curve is to choose the transversal derivative as an average of the tangents at the end points. However, it can be observed that this type of rational linear reparametrization forces the center transversal derivatives outside the convex hull of the remaining boundary derivatives unless certain tangent ratios are equal. The result are undesirable features in the surface. To circumvent the problem a composite patch is introduced. It consists of tensor-product patches that separate the original boundary tangents, so that constant G(superscript 1$ joins can be used.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Idea '97 Providing Special Education Services to Students Voluntarily Enrolled In Private Schools

This article analyzes the provisions of IDEA '97 as they pertain to students in private schools. More specifically, the article reviews implementing regulations and relevant case law, issues concerning the extent to which services must be provided and the manner in which they are provided, and the quality of services that are provided. Finally, the article examines guidelines for implementing the new provisions and suggestions for how to avoid violating the establishment clause when one is providing services to students who attend sectarian schools.
An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Land Values in the Adirondack Park

. This study contributes to our knowledge about the determinants of land values in the Adirondack Park in New York State. Sales data for 1971-1973 are used in the multiple regression analysis. The key variables influencing the price per acre for vacant forest land parcels are accessibility by road, location, adjacency to state land, date of sale, land use classification, size of parcel, site type, topography, and nonlocal buyers.
Performance and reproducibility of a computerized mass detection scheme for digitized mammography using rotated and resampled images: an assessment.

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to compare the performance and reproducibility of a computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme that uses multiple rotated and resampled images with an in-house-developed CAD scheme (single-image-based) and a commercial CAD product in detecting masses depicted on digitized mammograms.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety-two film mammograms (acquired from 23 patients) were selected. Forty-four mass regions associated with malignancy were visually identified. A commercial CAD system was used to scan and process each image four times, for a total of 368 digitized images depicting 176 mass regions. Images were processed using two CAD schemes developed in our laboratory. One uses the detection results generated from a single image, and the other averages five detection scores generated after processing the originally digitized image and four slightly rotated and resampled images. A region-based analysis was used to compare reproducibility and performance levels among the two in-house schemes an...
The efficacy of direct versus indirect hypnotic induction techniques on reduction of experimental pain.

Abstract The cold pressor test was used to investigate the efficacy of Rapid Induction Analgesia, a new, indirect hypnotic technique introduced by J. Barber (1977). Rapid Induction Analgesia was compared with traditional hypnosis, relaxation, suggestion without an induction, and a no-treatment control in Ss of high and low hypnotizability. Only traditional hypnosis was found to significantly reduce S's reported pain when compared to the control group Ss, and Rapid Induction Analgesia was not found to be an effective treatment in this study, in contrast to J. Barber's earlier findings.
Power MOSFETs Paralleling Operation for High Power High Density Converters

In high power high density converters, the power MOSFETs can be used in parallel as the main switch to meet the current rating requirement, increase the switching frequency, and reduce the power loss. This paper investigates the possible benefits and problems associated with the power MOSFETs paralleling operation for higher power high frequency applications. The conduction state current sharing and power loss are investigated considering the device junction temperature effect and conduction resistance mismatch. The switching transient current sharing is analyzed including the device parameters tolerance, power stage parasitic inductance and gate driving ability. A dynamic current sharing approach from the gate side is proposed. The experimental results indicate that the power MOSFETs can be paralleled with the proper gate driving design even if the device parameters are mismatched, and as a result the switching losses are significantly reduced.
Cellular requirements for lipopolysaccharide adjuvanticity. A role for both t lymphocytes and macrophages for in vitro responses to particulate antigens.

By employing primary cultures of purified spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responder (C3H/HeN or C57BL/10Sn) or nonresponder (C3H/HeJ or C57BL/10ScN) mice incubated with particulate antigen and LPS prepared by phenol-water extraction (Ph), we have presented evidence that both T cells and macrophages (MO) are required for LPS-induced adjuvanticity. First, MO derived from C3H/HeN spleen cells, when mixed with responder, C3H/HeN lymphocytes and Ph-LPS, elicited enhanced antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRC) antigen, whereas lymphocytes from the nonresponder, C3H/HeJ mouse strain did not evoke this response. Similarly, purified T cells from C3H/HeN spleens, when cultured with responder, nu/nu spleen cells, and Ph-LPS yielded enhanced anti-TNP PFC responses; whereas, C3H/HeJ T cells did not potentiate immune responses when mixed with optimal concentrations of Ph-LPS. LPS prepared by butanol-water extraction elicited significant adjuvant effects with all cell combinations. Finally, purified responder T cells and MO enabled either responder or nonresponder B cells to elicit LPS potentiation. These data indicate that T cells and MO are controlling LPS-induced augmentation of B-cell responses.
An Address by a Georgist Sympathizer: Practical Issues in Georgist Thought

The justice and soundness of the taxation of land rent is acknowledged but problems in assessing imply a need to introduce better methods. This is particularly true when attempting to introduce the more saleable idea of two-rate tax systems because the allocation of total value of real estate parcels between land and buildings is even more arbitrarily done than determining the total assessment. The ideas fit best at the local level and there is little chance of replacing income or sales taxes. A 100% tax would be impossible since it would lead to an avalanche of tax appeals and the abandonment of some land since a high percentage of assessments are in error. The idea of a single tax does not fit modern times when revenue needs determine taxes, rather than the amount of revenue collected determining proper or necessary government expenditure levels. One tax source may be unpopular and regarded as a dangerous concept. Land is probably less important and less relatively valuable than it used to be because of technological change. Some advances in social legislation may mitigate the need for the drastic reform, George who was a moralist deeply concerned about poverty, felt reform was needed in his day. He was right about the impacts of various taxes on economic activity and income distribution.
Bond pricing with a time-varying price of risk in an estimated medium-scale Bayesian DSGE model

A New-Keynesian model in which households have Epstein–Zin preferences with time-varying risk aversion and the central bank has a time-varying in‡ation target can match the dynamics of nominal bond prices in the US economy well. The model generates a large steady-state term spread and its …tting errors for bond yields are comparable to those obtained from a nonstructural three-factor model, and one third smaller than in models with a constant in‡ation �
Shock wave lithotripsy and diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study.

Objective To determine if shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a community setting. The pancreas is vulnerable to injury at SWL as evidenced by case studies; thus, concern exists for the development of DM after SWL. Methods The Rochester Epidemiologic Project was used to identify all Olmsted County, Minnesota residents diagnosed with urolithiasis from 1985 to 2008. New-onset DM was identified by diagnostic codes and treatment with SWL by surgical codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of DM after SWL therapy. Results A total of 5287 incident cases of stone formation without pre-existing DM and with ≥3 months of follow-up. After an average follow-up of 8.7 years, 423 patients (8%) were treated with SWL and new-onset DM had developed in 743 (12%). The diagnosis of DM followed SWL in 77 patients. However, no association was evident between SWL and the development of DM before (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.26) or after (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.18) SWL, controlling for age, sex, and obesity. Conclusion In the present large, population-based cohort, the long-term risk of developing DM was not increased in persons who underwent SWL to treat their kidney stones.
Constructing Architectural Theory

Architectural theory arises from building, when the mind considers its symbolic relations to its own constructions. The intent of this essay is to discuss the intellectual causes that precede building and precede theory. It considers certain fundamental dualities in our thinking about architecture—such as image and word; type and model; imitation and invention—and the role they play in its making, its perfection as an art, and the eventual elaboration of its tenets into a theory. At a time when theories of architecture proliferate as expressions of ‘personal philosophies,’ a careful and incisive philosophical approach to if, how, and when does theory become formative of building, may ensure that architecture remain faithful to its intrinsic purposes.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Slip Flow of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Microgeometries

This paper considers the application of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to flow in micro-fluidic devices, which requires special consid eration because of the variation in Knudsen number as the fluid moves along these devices driven by pressure or acceleration. To set ideas, we first consider the pres sure driven gaseous slip flow with small rarefaction through a long micro-channel and formulate t he problem in LB framework. The accuracy of the LB solution is checked by comparing it with analytical solution with slip boundary condition and the numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes and augmented Burnett equations without and with slip boundary conditions. We then consider the flow of non-Newtonian fluids characterized by the non-linear stress-strain constitutive models formulated by Casson, Carreau & Yasuda, Herschel, and Cross, and the well known power law model. The formulation of the LBM for slip flow of nonNewtonian flow is presented. For planar constant area mi cro-channel for power law fluid, it is possible to obtain an analytical solution fo r both no-slip and slip flow. For other non-Newtonian fluid models, LBM results are compared with the numerical solutions obtained by using the commercial software FLUENT. The LBM results agree well with the analytical solutions and the numerical so lutions. Small differences in the results are noticed using different models characteriz ing the non-Newtonian flow.
Optimal Detection Of Object Boundaries In Uncorrelated Speckle

We describe several techniques for detecting object boundaries in images immersed in speckle noise. Based on the assumption that the image speckle is uncorrelated, optimal statistical procedures are formulated using local tests for changes in intensity. The first method described is parametric: the average values taken from adjacent image neighborhoods are ratioed and compared to a threshold statistic. A cooperative scheme is then described in which the parametric statistic is applied only at the zero crossings of the image resulting from a convolution with a narrowband differential operator. A non-parametric procedure based on a linear rank statistic is also described, which can be shown to be locally most powerful (among rank tests) under the noise assumption. Examples illustrate the effectiveness of each method.
DistressNet: a wireless ad hoc and sensor network architecture for situation management in disaster response

Situational awareness in a disaster is critical to effective response. Disaster responders require timely delivery of high volumes of accurate data to make correct decisions. To meet these needs, we present DistressNet, an ad hoc wireless architecture that supports disaster response with distributed collaborative sensing, topology-aware routing using a multichannel protocol, and accurate resource localization. Sensing suites use collaborative and distributed mechanisms to optimize data collection and minimize total energy use. Message delivery is aided by novel topology management, while congestion is minimized through the use of mediated multichannel radio protocols. Estimation techniques improve localization accuracy in difficult environments.
Bromophenol Distribution in Salmon and Selected Seafoods of Fresh‐ and Saltwater Origin

Analysis of saltwater Pacific salmon (Onchorynchus sp.) showed that sufficient concentrations of bromophenols were present in saltwater salmon to provide sea-, brine-, or iodine- like flavor notes, but the compounds were virtually absent in spawning run ocean and prime condition Great Lakes freshwater salmon. Octanol/water partition coefficients revealed that bromophenols would be readily absorbed by fish from the diet. Analysis of marine fish, crustaceans, and molluscs also revealed notable concentrations of bromophenols in all samples. Only sporadic, low concentrations of bromophenols were found in freshwater fish. The data support the hypothesis that simple bromophenols are widely distributed in marine species via the food chain.
Combination photodynamic therapy and juxtascleral triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane associated with papilloedema.

Peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation is an uncommon entity that can be associated with significant visual loss. It has been noted with papilloedema resulting from pseudotumour cerebri.1 Treatment for peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation has involved observation, thermal laser photocoagulation, or surgical excision.2 We report a case of peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation from papilloedema secondary to pseudotumour cerebri that was successfully treated with combination photodynamic therapy and juxtascleral triamcinolone acetonide. A 27 year old woman presented to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic for headaches and transient visual obscurations in both eyes. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and fundus examination was significant for optic nerve oedema in both eyes. After undergoing diagnostic testing, which included visual field analysis, lumbar puncture, and magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis of pseudotumour cerebri was firmly established. The patient was started on oral …
The Effects of Photoperiod Length, Light Intensity, and Feed Energy on Growth Responses and Meat Yield of Broilers

SUMMARY A study was conducted to assess the effects of photoperiod length (constant 23L:1D vs. a photoperiod program going from decreasing to increasing quantity of light), light intensity (bright vs. a dim, reducing intensity), and feed ME levels (low vs. high) on performance and carcass characteristics of female broilers grown to 56 d. Use of a treatment with early decreasing photoperiod followed by an increasing photoperiod reduced feed consumption and subsequent BW early. However, growth compensation occurred and feed consumption and BW were similar across photoperiod treatments by study end. Likewise, reducing light intensity (from 1 to 0.25 fc) stimulated feed consumption and a subsequent BW improvement early, as compared with high-intensity (2 fc) lighting maintained at a constant level. However, the disparity in feed consumption and BW, as influenced by light intensity, did not persist throughout the growing period. Feed conversion was not noticeably affected by photoperiod or light intensity treatments. Minimal effects of lighting were observed for carcass or part yields; however, there appeared to be a subtle substitution effect between leg, wing, and breast yield influenced by lighting program. Birds exposed to the decreasing– increasing photoperiod and dim, reducing light treatments yielded more leg and wing at the expense of breast. Feeding a low ME diet resulted in increased feed consumption and feed conversion. However, birds consuming a low ME diet were more uniform. No effects of treatment on mortality were measured. These data indicate that a decreasing–increasing photoperiod can be used effectively to reduce early growth, yet allow birds to compensate as they approach market age. Low intensity lighting, however, appears to stimulate early feed consumption and growth, although this effect is transitory. Furthermore, the increased feed conversion of birds grown on the low energy diet may make its use less desirable.
Realidades Culturales y Identidades Dimensionadas: The Complexities of Latinas’ Diversities

To understand the realities and complexities of Latinas’ multidimensionality of identities, this chapter addresses the different sociocontextual considerations and cultural dimensions and roles with which they contend. Implementing a gender-cultural strength lens, the ways by which Latinas infuse their multiplicity of identities as a strength-based and powerful process are examined. Through the bridging of Latinas’ cultural and familial costumbres , valores , y practicas culturales (customs, values, and cultural practices), the chapter emphasizes the energetically spiritual transmissions of Latinas’ internal strength patron (blueprint) while (re)defining una buena mujer and the process of tranformation to una Latina poderosa (a powerful Latina).
Ion channels in normal human and cystic fibrosis sweat gland cells

Single-channel patch-clamp techniques were used to study the population of apical membrane ion channels in cultured sweat gland secretory cells from normal and cystic fibrosis subjects. Four types of anion channels and two types of cation channels were found. At physiological voltages, anion channels had chord conductances of 10, 18, 24, and greater than 200 pS. All had linear current-voltage relations except the 24 pS channel, which showed outward rectification. Cation channels had chord conductances of 5 and 18 pS, were linear, and were nonselective for a variety of cations. Channel types and proportions were equivalent in control, cystic fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis heterozygote cells. Beyond showing that the distribution of channel types remains unchanged in cystic fibrosis cells, the data provide a basis for comparison with cells cultured under different conditions, with other cell types, and with native tissues.
Role of serotonergic neurons in the maintenance of the 10-Hz rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge

We studied the effects of serotonin (5-HT)-receptor agonists and antagonists on the naturally occurring 10-Hz rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of urethan-anesthetized, baroreceptor-denervated cats. Intravenous doses of the 5-HT1A-receptor agonists 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and U-93385E, which inhibit the firing of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons, decreased the power in the 10-Hz band of SND without affecting the power at frequencies < or = 6 Hz. The inhibitory effects of 8-OH-DPAT and U-93385E were reversed by the 5-HT1A-receptor antagonists spiperone and WAY-100135. Microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT into medullary raphe nuclei also selectively eliminated the 10-Hz rhythm in SND. Intravenous administration of the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist methysergide blocked the 10-Hz rhythm in SND, whereas the 5-HT2-receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-amino-propane increased peak frequency and power in the 10-Hz band of SND. Microinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid into the medullary raphe also enhanced the 10-Hz rhythm in SND. These data support the view that the naturally occurring discharges of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons preferentially enhance the 10-Hz rhythm in SND.
A methods study of immobilization of PONOP pincer transition metal complexes on silica polyamine composites (SPC)

Abstract Immobilization of catalytically active transition metal complexes on silica polyamine composite (SPC) surfaces offers many advantages for applications in catalysis particularly for catalyst recovery and reuse. We report here the immobilization of PONOP pincer complexes of Ru, Rh, Ni and Pd on the poly(allylamine) SPC, BP-1 using the Mannich reaction. Three different methods have been investigated for synthesizing the PONOP pincer transition metal complexes on BP-1: 1) direct reaction of the preformed pincer complexes using a two step Mannich reaction; 2) immobilization of the PONOP ligand using the Mannich reaction followed by the addition of a transition metal compound of a given metal; 3) the stepwise construction of PONOP on BP-1 followed by addition of a transition metal compound. The immobilized complexes on BP-1 were characterized by FT-IR, solid-state CPMAS 13C and 31P NMR, as well as elemental analysis. Anchoring of the complexes on BP-1 was also evaluated by the metal loading data obtained from the digestion of the loaded composites followed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) or Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICPAES). The results showed that method 1 works better for the loading of pincer complexes on the SPC than methods 2 and 3. In the case of the Ru and Ni pincer complexes reasonable agreement with the phosphorous analysis was realized, while for the Pd complex values were high relative to the loading predicted from the phosphorus analysis, indicating the formation of the Pd nanoparticles on the surface during immobilization. For the Rh and Ru immobilized complexes with methods 2 & 3, metal loading was lower than the phosphorous analysis and this is attributed to entrained triphenylphosphine from the starting rhodium and ruthenium complexes based on the 13C and 31P CPMAS NMR data. Solution experiments using the PONOP pincer ligand and the Ru(PONOP) complex with n-butyl amine were conducted to model the site of electrophilic aromatic substitution on the pyridine ring. It was found that substitution both meta- and para-to the nitrogen takes place and this helped in the interpretation of the solid-state data.
Modified penetrating keratoplasty with Acell® bioscaffold implant in seven horses with deep full-thickness corneal stromal abscess.

Objective To describe and evaluate a modified penetrating keratoplasty technique utilizing ACell® for management of equine deep stromal or full-thickness corneal stromal abscesses (SA). Methods Cases presenting to the University of Georgia Ophthalmology service for surgical management of SA necessitating penetrating keratoplasty (PK) were included in the study population. Surgery entailed the use of an ACell® disk sutured within the deep level of a stepped full-thickness corneal incision with an overlying conjunctival pedicle flap placed in the superficial step incision. Patients were evaluated for success as defined by a comfortable, visual outcome. Results Surgery was performed in seven horses. Conjunctival flap incorporation and globe retention occurred in all patients. Functional vision was maintained in six of seven eyes (85.7%) at last follow-up examination (mean of 87.6 days [range 41–251 days]). Mean size of ACell® implant was six millimeters (range 4–8 mm). Postoperative complications included moderate to severe anterior uveitis (n = 2), diffuse keratitis (n = 1), incipient cataract formation (n = 3), and anterior and posterior synechiae (n = 1). Conclusions This technique is a viable option for treatment of equine SA requiring PK. The use of bioscaffold implant is an alternative to frozen and fresh donor cornea transplantation.