cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poly(3-dodedyl-2,5-thienylenevinylene)s from the Stille coupling and the Horner–Emmons reaction

Regioregular (RR) conjugated polymers are critical for electronic and optoelectronic properties of polymer based semiconducting devices. Monosubstituted polythienylvinylene (PTV), a relatively low band-gap conjugated polymer, has been reportedly synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction between 3-dodecyl-2,5-dibromothiophene and (E)-1,2-bis(tributylstannyl)ethylene. Although a small fraction of the product shows good (∼90%) regioregularity, the whole product (S-C12-PTV) consists of mostly unidentified structures. To gain better control of the polymer structure and regioregularity, a difunctionalized C12-thiophene monomer, 3-dodecyl-5-formyl-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester, has been polymerized in near quantitative yield via the Horner–Emmons reaction. The full (100%) regioregularity of the resulting polymer (HE-C12-PTV) has been confirmed by its 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The full regioregularity is also reflected in its strong tendency to crystallize and practically no solubility in boiling hexane, in sharp contrast to S-C12-PTV. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclovoltammetry, thermal analysis (DSC & TGA) and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize both polymers. UV-vis absorption spectra of the HE-C12-PTV chloroform solutions of different concentrations show well-resolved vibronic structures with an absorption maximum at 577 nm and a prominent shoulder at 614 nm. The optical bandgaps are 1.80 eV in chloroform solution and 1.65 eV in film. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of the HE-C12-PTV film were found to be at −4.98 eV and −2.88 eV, respectively. The electrochemical bandgap of the polymer in the film is estimated to be 2.1 eV. The DSC curve shows a pronounced melting peak at 205 °C. XRD study shows that a decent crystalline structure is formed without any annealing of the as-cast films.
Selection of important variables by statistical learning in genome-wide association analysis

Genetic analysis of complex diseases demands novel analytical methods to interpret data collected on thousands of variables by genome-wide association studies. The complexity of such analysis is multiplied when one has to consider interaction effects, be they among the genetic variations (G × G) or with environment risk factors (G × E). Several statistical learning methods seem quite promising in this context. Herein we consider applications of two such methods, random forest and Bayesian networks, to the simulated dataset for Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 3. Our evaluation study showed that an iterative search based on the random forest approach has the potential in selecting important variables, while Bayesian networks can capture some of the underlying causal relationships.
Single-Ion Solvation Free Energies and the Normal Hydrogen Electrode Potential in Methanol, Acetonitrile, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The division of thermodynamic solvation free energies of electrolytes into contributions from individual ionic constituents is conventionally accomplished by using the single-ion solvation free energy of one reference ion, conventionally the proton, to set the single-ion scales. Thus, the determination of the free energy of solvation of the proton in various solvents is a fundamental issue of central importance in solution chemistry. In the present article, relative solvation free energies of ions and ion−solvent clusters in methanol, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been determined using a combination of experimental and theoretical gas-phase free energies of formation, solution-phase reduction potentials and acid dissociation constants, and gas-phase clustering free energies. Applying the cluster pair approximation to differences between these relative solvation free energies leads to values of −263.5, −260.2, and −273.3 kcal/mol for the absolute solvation free energy of the proton in me...
Resonance hyper-Raman spectroscopy of nonlinear optical chromophores

ldquoPush-pullrdquo conjugated organic chromophores having large first hyperpolarizabilities also exhibit resonance hyper-Raman scattering, the two-photon analog of resonance Raman or the inelastic analog of hyper-Rayleigh scattering. Examples and applications of this technique are discussed.
How we developed a locally focused Global Health Clinical Preceptorship at Weill Cornell Medical College.

AbstractBackground: Global health educational programs within U.S. medical schools have the opportunity to link their “global” focus with local circumstances by examining the challenges underserved communities face in the United States.Aim: Students in Weill Cornell Medical College’s Global Health Clinical Preceptorship (GHCP) learn history-taking and physical examination skills while gaining exposure to local health care disparities and building cultural competency.Methods: First-year medical students in the program are placed in the office of a physician who works with underserved patient populations in New York City. Students receive an orientation session, shadow their preceptors one afternoon per week for seven weeks, complete weekly readings and assignments on topics specific to underserved populations, attend a reflection session, and write a reflection paper.Results: In three years, 36% of first-year students (112 of 311) opted into the elective GHCP program. Students reported gaining a better und...
Attercliffe, 1894: How One Local Liberal Party Failed to Meet the Challenge of Labour

The question of why the Liberal Party failed to absorb and channel the increased political activity of the working class after 1885 is one that historians continue to debate.' This paper is an attempt to assess the viability of the Liberal Party as a vehicle for working class political aspirations within the context of a single byelection in Sheffield, a city with a strong tradition of LiberalLabour cooperation. To put the 1894 by-election in perspective, one must first look briefly at the development of the Liberal Party in relation to the demand for Labour Members of Parliament in
Teaching the way they were taught? Revisiting the sources of teaching knowledge and the role of prior experience in shaping faculty teaching practices

An oft-cited maxim in higher education is that “faculty teach the way they were taught” because they receive little formal training in teaching before entering the classroom. However, little is known about the origins of faculty knowledge about teaching or the role their prior experiences play in the development of their teaching practices. In this exploratory study, we interviewed and observed 53 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics faculty at three research institutions. Using qualitative analysis methods (i.e., thematic and causal network analysis), we find that faculty do not only model their teaching after previous instructors, but also draw upon a varied repertoire of knowledge and prior experiences. These include knowledge derived from their experiences as instructors (46 respondents), their experiences as students (22 respondents), their experiences as researchers (9 respondents), and from their non-academic roles (10 respondents). In-depth analyses of two faculty members elaborate on the relationship between these varied types of prior experiences and how they interact with other factors including beliefs about teaching, instructional goals, and features of the organizational context to ultimately shape their classroom practice. The results suggest that instead of assuming that faculty lack any knowledge about teaching and learning, professional developers and policymakers should instead acknowledge and build upon their preexisting “craft” knowledge as professional teachers. Future research should focus on relationships between specific types of knowledge and teaching practice and how these varied experiences influence identity formation.
Motion Analysis In Compressed Video - An Hybrid Approach

In this paper, we propose a technique for the automatic extraction of moving objects from compressed domain video. We propose the use of a spatio-temporal filter for filtering the motion vectors and a hybrid approach to exploit both compressed domain processing and spatial domain processing to meet the tradeoff between computation and accuracy. The experimental results shows that our approach can detect objects with size smaller than one macroblock with accurate shape of the object.
Hafnium systematics of the Mariana arc: Evidence for sediment melt and residual phases

New Hf isotope and trace element results for submarine basalts from the Kasuga seamounts, Mariana Northern Seamount Province, are used to address the cause of a common geochemical feature of arc magmas: negative Hf concentration anomalies. Northern Seamount Province lavas are characterized by 176Hf/177Hf and 143Nd/144Nd that extend to significantly lower values than in arc-front lavas of the Central Island Province, allowing the sediment end-member mixing component to be uniquely identified. The 176Hf/177Hf ratio correlates positively with Hf anomalies in both Northern Seamount and Central Island Province lavas. Rocks from fluid-dominated Central Island Province volcanoes are characterized by higher 176Hf/177Hf and little or no Hf anomalies, whereas rocks from sediment-dominated volcanoes have lower 176Hf/177Hf and more negative Hf anomalies. Both reach their extremity in Kasuga basalts. Results require mixing between depleted mantle and a partial melt of subducted metasediment saturated with trace quantities of rutile, zircon, and monazite. Central Island Province and especially Northern Seamount Province lavas require a sediment component more enriched in ocean island basalt–derived volcaniclastics than the average subducting sediment.
OpenMP programming for a global inverse model

The objective of our investigation is to establish robust inverse algorithms to convert GRACE gravity and ICESat altimetry mission data into global current and past surface mass variations. To assess separation of global sources of change and to evaluate spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy statistically from full posterior covariance matrices, a high performance version of a global simultaneous grid inverse algorithm is essential. One means to accomplish this is to implement a general, well-optimized, parallel global model on massively parallel supercomputers. In our present work, an efficient parallel version of a global inverse program has been implemented on the Origin 2000 using the OpenMP programming model. In this paper, porting a sequential global code to a shared-memory computing system is discussed; several efficient strategies to optimize the code are reported; well-optimized scientific libraries are used; detailed parallel implementation of the global model is reported; performance data of the code are analyzed. Scaling performance on a shared-memory system is also discussed. The parallel version software gives good speedup and dramatically reduces total data processing time.
One Very Simple Principle

John Gray, much influenced by Isaiah Berlin and building on work by the late John Rees and the late Fred Berger, has recently stated three ‘fatal’ objections which virtually all analysts seem to find persuasive against John Stuart Mill's classic doctrine of liberty. First, Gray thinks it ‘an obvious objection to Mill's project that conceptions of harm vary with competing moral outlooks, so that no Principle of Liberty whose application turns on judgements about harm can expect to resolve disputes between exponents of opposed moral perspectives’. Even if we overlook Mill's strange silence in the matter and supply him with a reasonable definition of harm (such as damage to certain vital human interests or rights), it remains clear that the liberty principle ‘is not, and cannot be, the very simple principle Mill sought’. For ‘Mill's principle is in its very nature radically incomplete. It tells us what we may not do, but not what we ought to do.’ To know when liberty should in fact be restrained, ‘we must look to other principles—chiefly the Principle of Utility itself’. But if general utility alone can ‘tell us how much liberty may be given up for how much harm-prevention’, then ‘there can be no question of adherence to [an] exceptionless principle such as Mill's Principle of Liberty’. Thus, even if we believe that Mill's version of utilitarianism is coherent, his judgements about the regulation of conduct must depend on a highly complex and controversial moral doctrine.
Research towards an expanded understanding of inquiry science beyond one idealized standard

The work presented builds on a multiyear effort to study the implementa- tion and adaptation of Kids as Global Scientists (KGS), an inquiry-based, technology-rich middle school learning environment enacted simultaneously in hundreds of classrooms across the nation. Two groups of teachers participated in this study. One group consists of "maverick" teachers: those distributed across the nation that find us and customize our program to their needs without systematic professional development. This group of teach- ers tends to work in schools with a relatively rich fund of resources and supports. Another group—urban teachers—resulted from a recent partnership between KGS and teachers from a large, high-poverty urban school district. We provide these teachers with targeted pro- fessional development to help them overcome constraints common to their schools. This study provides profiles of both maverick and urban teachers, and then examines teacher and student data from five focus classrooms that were successful in implementing KGS. In all cases, successful classrooms were defined as those where students made significant positive gains on open-ended and multiple-choice assessments. The focus classrooms con- sisted of three classrooms from urban teachers in high-poverty environments and two class- rooms from maverick teachers in middle-class suburban environments. The paper discusses the need for research that provides multiple exemplars of classroom science inquiry that are realized through large-scale enactments responsive to diverse learning environments. C
Nontracking antenna performance for inertially controlled spacecraft using TDRSS

A series of tests to validate an antenna pointing concept for spin-stabilized satellites using a data relay satellite is described. These tests show that proper antenna pointing on an inertially stabilized spacecraft can lead to significant access time through the relay satellite even without active antenna pointing. We summarize the test results, the simulations to model the effects of antenna pattern and space loss, and the expected contact times. We also show how antenna beam width affects the results.
Values — A Necessary but Neglected Ingredient of Motivation on the Job

In response to recent concern about the motivation malaise, a relatively simple scale—The Rokeach Value Survey—is recommended for measuring values at the employee-manager point of interface. Hopefully it will improve the working relationship of employees and managers and thereby the personal work satisfaction of each.
Comparison of Critical Speeds of a Rotor System with Different Types of Finite Elements

The critical speeds of all kinds of high-speed rotors must be calculated in project so that all rotors can work in the safe range of speeds and avoid resonance. A single-span-two-disc rotor system is investigated by using finite element method based on ANSYS. Natural frequencies are calculated by using beam, solid, mass, shell, beam-solid, beam-shell elements and critical speeds are obtained from Campbell diagram. Finally, the first and second critical speeds are measured by a test rig. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results is performed to assess the accuracy of different element combining forms.
How to Treat Subordinates

People that work for you must be treated with respect, as their actions often determine your own success or failure. They depend on your leadership.
Characterization of Na(+)-independent glutamine transport in rat liver

In hepatic plasma membrane vesicles (HPMVs) from rat liver, we observed that approximately 40-45% of Na(+)-independent glutamine uptake occurs by a saturable carrier-mediated process. This component of glutamine uptake is mediated by a transport agency distinct from that of previously described systems for the Na(+)-independent transport of amino acids. Transport of glutamine was electroneutral and occurred into an osmotically active space with negligible membrane binding. The model system L substrate 2-amino-2-norbornane-carboxylic acid (BCH) showed no appreciable inhibition of Na(+)-independent glutamine uptake by HPMVs but effectively inhibited the uptake of leucine, a classic system L substrate, in identical vesicle preparations. Further evidence against system L-mediated glutamine transport was provided by the pH dependence and the lack of trans-stimulation of saturable uptake. Competition experiments with selected amino acids revealed a pattern of inhibition of glutamine transport that was inconsistent with assignment of glutamine entry to systems asc, T, or systems for the Na(+)-independent transport of the charged amino acids. This BCH-noninhibitable transport system in HPMVs was highly selective for glutamine, histidine, and, to a lesser extent, asparagine. Inhibition of Na(+)-independent glutamine transport by leucine was noncompetitive in nature. On the basis of Na+ independence, pH sensitivity, absence of trans-stimulation, and an amino acid selectivity similar to that of the previously described hepatic Na(+)-dependent system N, we have provisionally designated the glutamine transport agency described in this article as system "n."
Adult Children’s Education and Parents’ Functional Limitations in Mexico

This article asks how adult children’s education influences older parents’ physical health in Mexico, a context where older adults often lack access to institutional resources and rely on kin, primarily children, as a main source of support. Using logistic and negative binomial regression models and data from the first wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 9,661), we find that parents whose children all completed high school are less likely to report any functional limitations as well as fewer limitations compared to parents with no children who completed high school. This association remains significant even after accounting for parent and offspring-level characteristics, including parents’ income that accounts for children’s financial transfers to parents. Future research should aim to understand the mechanisms that explain the association between adult children’s education and changes to parents’ health over time.
National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Versus Harm From Tobacco.

INTRODUCTION Previously, the author documented that, even though tobacco-related diseases accounted for 20% of US deaths, in 1995 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) expended only 1.1% of its budget on tobacco research. The current analysis is a replication test of this result and adds other outcomes and comparisons. METHODS The author obtained NIH funding information for tobacco, alcohol, and drug use and for obesity for each year between 2007 and 2014 from Project Reporter and compared these to the total NIH budget and to measures of disease burden. RESULTS NIH allocated $321 million for tobacco research in 2014. The percent of the NIH budget dedicated to tobacco was 1.3% in 2014 and has not changed since 1995; similar rates for alcohol, drug, and obesity problems in 2014 were 1.8%, 3.3%, and 3.8%. The ratio of spending to mortality from a risk factor was substantially less for tobacco compared to alcohol or obesity problems (0.07 vs. 0.60 and 0.30). CONCLUSION These results replicate our earlier findings. Tobacco research continues to be underfunded at the NIH compared to its disease burden in the United States and to NIH funding for other behavioral risk factors.
LTL Templates for Play-Calling Supervisory Control

A Playbook allows operators to design sets of tasks for a team of vehicles to perform in an abstract way before the mission begins, and then call the plays much like a coach of a human sports team during the mission. We extend this Playbook concept to include a set of assertions that must be true on each vehicle to ensure successful completion of a play, provide a means of specifying contingency plans, and then translate this extended Playbook into a linear temporal logic specification that can be used to synthesize a correctby-construction controller. We provide a demonstration of this concept and discuss its implications for autonomous systems safety and reliability.
Facilitating Emotional Awareness in a Career Counseling Context

Significant research on emotion and career development has transpired in the past few decades. Regrettably, certain aspects of emotional functioning germane to the career decision-making process re...
Development of a conditioned reinforcer.

DAVID BURNSTEIN Utah State University A stimulus paired with the delivery of a reinforcer can become a conditioned reinforcer. If the pairing occurs continuously during acquisition, independent determinations of when the stimulus becomes a conditioned reinforcer are not generally made during the ongoing acquisition state. By probing the acquisition state with a superimposed schedule it appears possible independently to trace the time course in the development of a conditioned reinforcer. One male hooded rat, 90 days old, was trained on a free operant avoidance task R = S = 20 sec. S S = 5 sec. Each response avoided the 0.2-sec. duration, 2-mA intensity shock and produced 2 sec. of white noise (RPS). S was run every other day for 90 3-hr. sessions. Beginning with and subsequent to Session 7, 26 sessions were probed. A 20-min. probe of FR 3 for the RPS was superimposed upon the avoidance schedule. Probes were inserted no earlier than 20 min. after the beginning of a session or later than 40 min. before the end of the session. Relative race of response was computed by dividing the rate of response both before and after by the rate of response during the probe.
Electron Beam Sources for Semiconductor Lithography System

This paper describes several kinds of electron beam sources and their gun structures for a semiconductorlithography system. In general, high brightness LaB6 thermal-emission type is very common due to the lowworkfunction advantage. However, for an electron-beam projection lithography system (EPL), the high emittance (low brightness) gun should be required in order to achieve excellent illumination uniformity even in theone large exposure field. Furthermore, the direct-bombardment Ta cathode and a unique illumination opticsare needed. They result in excellent pattern line-width fidelity. For the future node devices, a mask-less lithographysystem is also expected. For this purpose, various kinds of multiple beam sources are described. Insummary, optimized electron sources and gun structures should be required along with the suitable electronbeam lithography for every node device.
MR Imaging Findings of Intraosseous Lipoma

Purpose: To evaluate the MR imaging findings of intraosseous lipoma. Materials and Methods: The MR imaging findings of 12 cases of intraosseous lipoma were retrospectively analyzed with regard to internal signal intensity, enhancement patterns, the presence of calcification and the status of the margin. The findings relating to these last two features were compared with those of plain films and CT. Results: Six tumors were located in the calcaneus, three in the tibia, two in the ilium, and one in the carpal lunate. A fat component was clearly identified in all cases, but no lesion was purely fatty. Cyst formation was noted in four cases, and hyperintense portions different from the cystic area were seen on T2WI in ten. Contrast enhancement was observed in four patients, and although plain film and CT images revealed, in all cases, the presence of calcification, in two cases this was not demonstrated by MRI. In all cases, however, MRI showed well-defined tumoral margins. Conclusion: MRI clearly depicts fat and other components related to the involutional changes occurring in cases of intraosseous lipoma. The information these images provide is useful for the diagnosis and histologic classification of intraosseous lipoma.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTON CONDUCTORS BaCe_(1-x)Y_xO_(3-α)AND BaCe_(0.9)Sm_(0.1)O_(3-α) AND DEHYDROGENATION OF Al MELT WITH COMPOSED HYDROGEN PUMP

Proton conductors BaCe_(0.9)Y_(0.1)O_(3-α),BaCe_(0.85)Y_(0.15)O_(3-α) and BaCe_(0.9)Sm_(0.1)O_(3-α) were synthesized by solid state reaction,and XRD showed that the powders doped by 0.1Y consist of a single phase with perovskite structural BaCeO_3,and those doped by 0.15Y and 0.1Sin,consist mainly of perovskite structural solid solution.Laser paticle size analysis indicated that the average particle size of powders increased and the particle size distribution was concentrated relatively after calcining.DSC- TG analysis indicated that the synthesizing temperature of the proton conductors is about 1360℃. SEM observation showed that in these proton conductors exist two kinds of evenly distributed grains and pores.The dehydrogenation result indicated that dehydrogenation current became larger when temperature of Al melt,partial pressure of water vapor or applied voltage increased.The hydrogen contents measured by hydrogen sensor CaZr_(0.9)In_(0.1)O_(3-α) are 0.0536 and 0.0445 mlH_2 in 100 gAl when the temperature of Al melt is 780℃and the partial pressures of water vapor are 4122.8 Pa and 4366.0 Pa,respectively.
Analysis of pathogenic spectrum for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Shandong province in 2012

Objective To analyze the pathogenic spectrum constitution and epidemiological characteristics of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome( AMES) in Shandong. Methods All samples( serum and cerebrospinal fluid) of AMES cases from six sentinel hospitals of Jinan city were collected to test the specific IgM antibody to 8 kinds of virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Part of cerebrospinal fluid samples were performed JEV and HEV isolation. Results In 2012,629 AMES cases were reported,and 624 serum and / or CSF samples were collected( 99. 2%). The main viral pathogens were herpes simplex virus( HSV),human enterovirus( HEV),mumps virus( MuV),Japanese encephalitis virus( JEV),cytomegalovirus( CMV) and rubella virus( RV),and the positive rates were 20. 92%,13. 35%,11. 35%,8. 01%,4. 78%,3. 58% respectively. In addition,varicella-zoster virus( VZV) and measles virus( MV) were found in a small number of cases. Conclusion The AMES cases of Jinan city in 2012 were mainly caused by HSV,HEV,MuV and JEV as before. In the future,active surveillance and pathogen confirmation should be enhanced and the variation rules should be further studied.
Reconsidering meteorological seasons in a changing climate

Traditional definitions of seasonality are insufficient to reflect changes associated with a swiftly changing climate. Regional changes in season onset and length using surface based metrics are well documented, but hemispheric assessments using tropospheric metrics has received little attention. The long-term average of six-hourly analyses of temperature on isobaric surfaces, provided by the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, is separated here into quartiles to determine climatologic seasonal end dates. Annual season end dates are defined as the date when the 5-day moving average rose above (winter and spring) or fell below (summer and fall) the long term mean. Climatic season end dates fall between meteorological and astronomical season end dates. The length of summer has increased by an average of 13 days and the length of winter has decreased by an average of 20 days, which are more substantial seasonal changes than previous studies. These changes in season length have occurred largely within the past 36 years, corresponding to most aggressive anthropogenic climate change. Results show that the planetary boundary layer is warming at nearly twice the rate of the free troposphere. The spatial distribution of warming suggests that topographically induced weather systems are collocated with maxima or minima in free tropospheric and boundary layer temperature slope. Furthermore, regions of greatest ensemble spread are not collocated with relative maxima or minima in free troposphere or boundary layer temperature slope. This improved assessment of seasonal transitions is useful to climatologists, agricultural land managers, and scientists interested in seasonally driven biology, hydrology and biogeochemical processes.
A new look at an old syndrome

The current standard therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not prevent Richter's transformation from occurring. If we are fortunate, new treatments will realize the hope that this usually fatal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia might be avoided.
The Business Case for Quality Improvement in Behavioral Healthcare

While to behavioral health professionals the reason for proving that our work makes a difference may seem inherently obvious, there really is a fundamental question very close to the surface when it comes to efforts to explore quality improvement in healthcare, “when is the juice worth the squeeze?” More directly stated, is the cost of an improved practice really offset by reduced costs of future care?
Embedded Detail Microscopic Models of Rooms within Macroscopic Models of Whole Building Systems

AbstractEstablished methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been applied to predict the details of airflow, contaminant dispersal and thermal transport within isolated zones, yet zone transport processes do not occur in isolation. They result from and interact with the bulk airflows from the larger whole-building systems in which they are embedded. As multi-zone models can reliably predict these bulk airflows, there is a growing interest in embedding detailed CFD models of specific zones within multi-zone models of the enclosing whole-building system to more faithfully account for these interactions and thus the details within the zone(s) of interest.This paper presents an analysis of an embedded CFD model and outlines some of the associated problems. A formulation is presented using unambiguous mathematical definitions of the coupling relations between the governing CFD and multi-zone equations made possible by using a port-plane approach to the multi-zone model. It is thereby shown that while...
Golden rule representative values for non-standard membership grades

In decision-making situations a problem that exists with interval valued membership grades [1] is that they are not completely ordered. This implies that it is not easy to choose between alternatives whose degrees of satisfaction to a decision problem are expressed using these types of non-standard membership grades. One approach to addressing this problem is to associate with any interval valued membership grade a scalar value that we refer to as its representative value [2]. We then compare alternatives by comparing their representative values. A similar problem arises when we use Atanassov type intuitionistic membership grades [3–5]. Here again we must use representative values for the membership grades. Our focus here is on the formulation for representative values for these types on nonstandard membership grades. In the following we shall use the formal connection between interval-valued membership grades and Atanassov type intuitionistic membership grades discussed by Deschrijver and Kerre [6] to jointly develop these types of representative values.
Low Incidence of Postoperative Complications With Navigated Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background A number of postoperative complications of navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been discussed in the literature, including tracker pin site infection and fracture. In this article, we discuss the low postoperative complication rate in a series of 3100 navigated TKAs and the overall complication rate in a systematic analysis of the literature. Methods Three thousand one hundred consecutive patients with navigated TKAs from 2001-2016 were retrospectively evaluated for complications specific to navigation. We discuss the 2 cases of postoperative fracture through tracker pin sites that we experienced and compare this systematically with the literature. Results Postoperatively, our 3100 patient cohort experienced a total of 2 fractures through pin sites for an incidence of 0.065%. One was a distal femoral fracture which was treated surgically, and the other was a proximal tibial fracture treated nonoperatively. Because of our incorporation of the tracker sites within our operative incision, there were no identifiable pin site infections, which others have noted at an incidence of 0.47%. Our 0.065% fracture rate compares favorably with the 0.16% rate of fracture published in the literature. Conclusion There is an extremely low risk of perioperative complications because of the instrumentation used in navigated TKA when using the Stryker Navigation System and 4.0 mm anchoring pins placed within the surgical incision.
Justice for All? Economic Disadvantage and Trust in Poland’s Judicial System

While there is a large international literature on trust in institutions, there is very little on trust in the judicial system, specifically. This literature is especially lacking in the context of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), with its relatively recent institutionalization of democratic law. The association between demographics and political attitudes on one side of the equation, and trust in the judiciary on the other, is not well-established. This article uses the Polish Panel Survey, POLPAN, to answer the question, “to what extent does economic situation and political attitudes influence individual trust in Poland’s judicial system”? Results suggest a positive and substantial relationship between subjective social status and trust in the judicial system. Trust in other institutions—in this case, political parties and European Parliament—along with perceived influence of the government on corruption, also leads to increases in trust in the judicial system.
Epidemiology of preoperative hematologic assessment of children cared for in a pediatric emergency department.

Abstract Objective To assess frequency of preoperative hematologic testing in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (PED) and how often these values predict clinical outcome or change management decisions. Methods Single-center retrospective cohort study in a tertiary-care children's hospital PED. Patients 0–18 years old, presenting between July 1, 2009-July 1, 2011, ultimately undergoing a surgical procedure within 48 h of presentation were included. Patients were defined as having “preoperative” hematologic assessment if these studies were performed solely because the child was going to the operative suite. Patients who met trauma team activation criteria, underwent neurosurgical procedures, or had laboratory studies performed prior to PED arrival were excluded. The primary outcome was the prevalence of preoperative laboratory assessment. Results 528 children were included, of whom 301 (57%) underwent preoperative hematologic laboratory evaluations. Of these 301 patients, 115 (38%) had abnormal hematologic parameters, and only 3 (1%) of these patients had their perioperative management changed. One additional child had intraoperative bleeding that required blood products but did not undergo preoperative hematologic assessment. All four children had medical histories that would have identified their risk for perioperative bleeding events. Conclusion Preoperative hematologic laboratory assessment occurs frequently in children initially cared for in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department who subsequently undergo operative interventions. Although age-based abnormal hematologic values are often found, rarely are these abnormalities clinically significant. This study suggests that children cared for in a PED without a history concerning for an increased risk of perioperative bleeding does not require preoperative hematologic assessment.
Belaboring the Maritime Novel: The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’ , Sea Fiction, and Constituent Power

In this article, I argue that Joseph Conrad’s revision of popular maritime fiction in The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’ (1897) stages the anachronistic nature of romantic adventure in modernity in order to recuperate its own recognition of the revolutionary capacity of the body and collective labor. Throughout his work, Conrad participates in a range of popular genres, often engaging with, and drawing on, multiple genres in the space of a single novel. His formal flexibility at least partially accounts for his complex critical legacy as a writer who exposes the imperialist ideology in which he participates. The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’, however, demands that we partially amend our notion of Conrad’s deconstructive aesthetic. This approach helps to clarify how the novella engages in critical self-reflection as it reveals the fragile constructedness of both genre and history. In adapting the genre of sea fiction, Conrad places pressure on extant tensions within the genre, especially around labor, and nearly renders the romantic adventure untenable. However, this pressure ultimately becomes an adaptive strategy to confront growing anxiety around imperial interdependency, including the rejection of commodified labor. At a moment in imperial history when the recognition of global interdependence and antagonism threatens the ideological, economic, and political underpinnings of imperialism, Conrad adapts the flexibility of sea fiction to confront this mounting pressure on the imperial consciousness and thus to reconstruct a more flexible representation of imperial relations.
New public management and the reform of education: European lessons for policy and practice

En los ultimos anos, las reformas de Nueva Gestion Publica (NGP) se han intensificado en todo el mundo, convirtiendose en una pieza central en la agenda educativa global. En consecuencia, muchos paises europeos han emprendido procesos de modernizacion inspirados por la NGP (que en ocasiones, se combina con politicas pro-privatizacion), que estan transformando los modos de gobierno y el ethos del sector publico (Gunter, Grimaldi, Hall y Serpieri, 2016).
γ -Ray line emission from SS433

We report here preliminary evidence for γ-ray line emission from the region of SS433. The observations were accomplished with the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer aboard the HEAO 3 satellite1. One of the line features reported here, located at an energy of 1.5 MeV, has a statistical significance of ∼6 σ during a particular 18-day interval. Another feature appears near 1.2 MeV. Both features exhibit fractional linewidths, ΔE/E, of ∼1%. The intensity of the 1.5-MeV feature is variable by a factor of ∼3 on a time scale of days with a 46-day time average value of 1.5±0.3×10−3 photons cm−2 s−1. The 1.2-MeV feature is similarly variable with a time average intensity of 1.1±0.2×10−3 photons cm−2 s−1. The combined power in the lines is ∼2 × 1037 erg s−1, assuming isotropic emission from SS433. Phenomena previously observed2,3 from SS433 have been interpreted in terms of a kinematic model4,5 in which two oppositely directed jets of relativistic material (ν = 0.26c) are ejected from a central source. Our observed energies may be explained in terms of this kinematic model as blue- and red-shifted components of the 1.369-MeV line from a nuclear transition of 24Mg from its first excited state to its ground state. Both components appear to vary in energy over the duration of the observation in a manner roughly consistent with the pattern seen in the optical regime2, in which ‘movement’ of optical features is accounted for by a precession of the axis of the jets with a 163.51-day period6. However, this identification implies an anomolously high magnesium abundance relative to carbon and oxygen.
Make-or-Buy and Supplier Selection Problems in Make-to-Order Supply Chains

Time- and cost-effective management of a make-to-order (MTO) supply chain often requires sourcing decisions, such as make-or-buy and supplier selection, to be jointly made with scheduling of supply chain operations. In this chapter, we introduce an RCPSP-based modeling framework to exploit the synergies and interactions between sourcing and scheduling decisions in MTO supply chains under explicit resource constraints. A mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) is formulated to minimize the system wide total supply chain cost. We also present a numerical example to demonstrate the scope and depth of decision-support offered by the model for purchasing and program managers.
Introducing a Cell-Free Approach for the Identification of Brewing Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Strains Using MALDI-TOF MS

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) is now accepted as a quick, easy-to-use, cost-effective, and accurate technique for the identification of microorganisms. However, the successful identification of microorganisms is dependent upon careful attention to factors such as growth conditions, extraction methods, mass spectral data collection, and data analysis procedures. Currently, most microorganism identification has been limited to the species level, and only a limited number of publications have been successful in achieving strain-level identification. In this work, a "cell-free" approach is introduced where peptide analytes secreted by several Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during their growth period are analyzed. The analysis of the cell supernatant generates mass spectral patterns that are specific to each strain. The patterns generated in combination with a robust data analysis workflow using the open-source programs MALDIquant and Mass-Up allows for strain-level identification of S. cerevisiae. The cell-free approach using the yeast supernatant to accurately identify yeast strains is presented here as a proof of concept. Graphical Abstract.
Novel Lipid Thresholds for Screening Predict the Need for Pharmacotherapy.

Objective To identify non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C thresholds for pediatric nonfasting lipid screens that are more predictive of the need for lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy and estimate numbers of potentially avoidable fasting lipid panels. Study design In this retrospective review of children and youths aged 8-21 years presenting for preventive cardiology care, initial lipid results, recommendations for pharmacotherapy, and presence of additional cardiovascular risk factors were noted. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis calculated threshold lipid values predicting the need for pharmacotherapy and were applied to 2 screening populations. Rates of potentially unnecessary fasting lipid panels were calculated. Results A non-HDL-C value >156 mg/dL for children with ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors and >199 mg/dL for children without risk factors conferred 95% or greater sensitivity in predicting a recommendation for pharmacotherapy with higher specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared with current guidelines. HDL-C was a poor predictor of pharmacotherapy. Application of the current thresholds to screening populations indicated that 38.5%-92.3% of follow-up fasting lipid panels would not result in pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Using higher non-HDL-C and lower HDL-C thresholds could prevent unnecessary follow-up lipid panels and reduce patient anxiety, cost, and time. This could improve compliance with universal pediatric lipid screening for both health care providers and families.
Is Racial Equality Unconstitutional

Golub, Mark. (2018) Is Racial Equality Unconstitutional. New York: Oxford University Press. 232 pp. Hardback, $65.00. ISBN: 9780190683603 Race is a primary factor in United States legal, political, and social history. It is race that has found its way into the minds of citizens, influencing and shaping their thoughts and beliefs through the cracking of a gavel in a courtroom. Mark Golub reflects on these challenges in his new book, Is Racial Equality Unconstitutional?, as he traces the argument of “colorblind constitutionalism” back to Justice Harlan’s famous dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) to current debates on affirmative action. This leads to a furthered discussion of the many Supreme Court cases that emphasize a hierarchy of racial non-existence, where a protection of whiteness pervades as the illicit mechanism of the Supreme Court’s decision making, rather than an equal racial society, under the problematic color-blind doctrine.
Fuel Composition Effects on Carbonyls and Quinones in Particulate Matter from a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Running Biodiesel Blends from Two Feedstocks

Several studies have linked diesel engine exhaust particulate matter (DPM) to adverse health effects. To examine the effects of biodiesel blends on light-duty diesel engine exhaust composition, concentrations of a select number of target compounds were determined in petrodiesel-biodiesel [waste vegetable oil (WVO) and soybean (SOY) feedstocks] fuel blends, lubricating oil, and exhaust particulate matter (PM). Particulate matter was generated from a light-duty diesel engine running on a transient drive cycle and fueled with WVO (B10, B20, B50, and B100 where Bxx refers to volume % biodiesel in fuel blend) and SOY (B20 and B100) biodiesel fuels blended with ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) reference fuel (B00). As expected, concentrations of individual n-alkanes (C12–C24) decreased with increasing biodiesel content but were absent from B100 for both WVO and SOY feedstocks. No target PAHs, carbonyls, and quinones were detected in B00 fuel, biodiesel fuel blends (for both WVO and SOY), or lubricating oil. No FAM...
Hyper-entanglement signals in quantum optical circuits

Secure free-space data links can be established using conventional laser communication technology or, if necessary, they can be further enhanced with quantum encryption. Security features of these systems are based on the protocols that make use of the inherent properties of laser light. In this case, encryption does not rely on complex mathematical algorithms that add overhead to the communication stream, but instead it is based on physical-layer processes in the laser sources and other modulating components. One promising approach is based on polarization entanglement between correlated photon pairs to achieve data encryption in quantum communication systems. The foundation of security lies in the response of photons to polarization measurements. Additional degrees of freedom can be added to each “singleparticle” state by using hyper-entanglement. The situation can be visualized when several carrier waves are assigned specific frequencies in the 100 GHz International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid. The two technologies that can be eventually integrated to achieve this task include hyperspectral quantum circuits and the entangled pair source and detection systems. This results in frequency/polarization hyper-entanglement, which can be processed with additional wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) components to achieve efficient separation of the signals. It is important to understand that most of the previous work is theoretical and assumes ideal properties of all optical parts. In reality, many non-ideal features of the quantum circuits and their components can change the way the quantum states are processed, and this constitutes the main focus of our paper.