cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Policing Made Visible: Mobile Technologies and the Importance of Point of View

Cameras are ubiquitous and increasingly mobile. While CCTV has captured considerable attention by surveillance researchers, the new visibility of police activities is increasingly produced by incidental sousveillance and wearable on-officer camera systems. This article considers advocacy for policing’s new visibility, contrasting that of police accountability activists who film police with designers and early adopters of on-officer cameras. In both accounts, these devices promise accountability by virtue of their mechanical objectivity. However, to each party, accountability functions rather differently. By attending to the social and legal privileging of police officers’ perspectives, the article provides an explanation for design decisions that produced Taser’s AXON Flex on-officer cameras and for why police are embracing these new technologies. Critics of these cameras cite privacy concerns, officer discretion in operating cameras, and department disclosure of footage. Nonetheless, advocates of police accountability often presume more video documenting police use of force is always helpful. However, the utility of surveillance video is conditioned by point of view. Police agencies in the U.S. are rapidly adopting on-officer camera systems, because they acknowledge ubiquitous surveillance and that these devices aid in nullifying third-party documentation in favor of a perspective that favors officers. As such, these cameras are counter-sousveillance technologies.
Beyond the search for sisterhood: American women's history in the 1980s∗

(1985). Beyond the search for sisterhood: American women's history in the 1980s. Social History: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 299-321.
Theoretical and practical considerations for staggered production of crops in a BLSS.

Abstract A functional Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) will generate oxygen, remove excess carbon dioxide, purify water, and produce food on a continuous basis for long periods of operation. In order to minimize fluctuations in gas exchange, water purification, and yield that are inherent in batch systems, staggered planting and harvesting of the crop is desirable. A 418-d test of staggered production of potato cv. Norland (26-d harvest cycles) using nutrients recovered from inedible biomass was recently completed at Kennedy Space Center. The results indicate that staggered production can be sustained without detrimental effects on life support functions in a CELSS. System yields of H 2 O, O 2 and food were higher in staggered than batch plantings. Plants growing in staggered production or batch production on “aged” solution initiated tubers earlier, and were shorter than plants grown on “fresh” solution. This morphological response required an increase in planting density to maintain full canopy coverage. Plants grown in staggered production used available light more efficiently than the batch planting due to increased sidelighting.
Determination of elastic stresses at notches and corners by integral equations

Abstract An integral equation method is presented which permits evaluation of stress and displacement fields in two-dimensional elastic solids near corners and notches. The procedure begins by using well known expressions of an asymptotic character for the fields near the points in question. Unknown coefficients, one of which will be a stress intensity factor in the case of a cracked plate, are treated as generalized displacements. Suitable test solutions are developed to express the generalized displacements in terms of integrals involving far-field quantities. Sample numerical solutions are presented for notched and cracked plates.
2M-PDAF: an integrated two-model probabilistic data association filter

The well-known probabilistic data association (PDA) filter handles the uncertainty in measurement origins inherent in tracking-in-clutter problems by using a probabilistically weighted sum of all measurements in the gate. In fact, the measurements in the gate may or may not include the one originated from the target. As such, two hypothetical models can be set up, corresponding to the events that the target measurements is and is not in the gate, respectively. This paper present an approach that integrates the PDA filter with the multiple-order method in a coherent manner based on the use of the above two hypothetical models. It is shown theoretically that the standard PDA filter is a special case of the first-order Generalized Pseudo Bayesian algorithm in the proposed formulation using a particular set of model transition probabilities. It is then proposed to adopt the superior interacting multiple-model architecture in this new formulation to improve the performance. The new algorithm is capable of achieving better performance by tuning the transition probabilities at a computational complexity comparable to that of the PDA filter. Simulation results are provided.
Combined plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin for the treatment of severe maternal red cell alloimmunization.

Objective The objective of the study was to report the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with severe red cell alloimmunization in pregnancy who were treated with immunomodulation therapy. Study design This was a retrospective multicenter case series. Patients with a history of early second-trimester fetal loss secondary to severe maternal red cell alloimmunization or patients with markedly elevated maternal antired cell titers felt to be consistent with poor fetal outcome were offered treatment. Therapy consisted of serial plasmapheresis followed by weekly infusions of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Maternal titers were measured before and after plasmapheresis. Results Pregnant patients with either a history of a previous perinatal loss (n = 7) or markedly elevated maternal antibody titers (n = 2) were treated with combined plasmapheresis and IVIG. All 9 fetuses subsequently required intrauterine transfusions (median 4; range 3-8). All infants survived with a mean gestational age at delivery of 34 weeks (range 26-38 weeks). Maternal antired cell titers were significantly reduced after plasmapheresis ( P Conclusion Combined immunomodulation with plasmapheresis and IVIG represents a successful approach to the treatment of severe maternal red cell alloimmunization.
A cross-validation of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The purpose of this study was to cross-validate measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity made with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements to those made with phosphorus magnetic re...
Who Attends Prepared Childbirth Classes? A Demographic Study of CEA Classes in Rhode Island

Using a registration questionnaire form for prepared childbirth classes, a study was undertaken to compile a socioeconomic profile of parents who attend such classes. The findings show that these couples are primarily well educated, 26 years old or older, are referred to classes by word of mouth or by their physicians, and are employed in professional, technical, or managerial occupations. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Undiagnosed respiratory viruses in children.

OBJECTIVE. An estimated 12 to 32 million upper respiratory infections occur in young children each year. In addition, 20% to 53% of infants will have ≥1 episode of lower respiratory infection in the first year of life. The current methods of diagnosing respiratory viruses are limited in scope and sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction is a more sensitive method than antigen detection and is often used for newly discovered viruses. Using polymerase chain reaction, we sought to diagnose adenoviruses, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus at our children9s hospital. METHODS. Nasal-swab specimens submitted for antigen detection of respiratory viruses were collected and processed by using polymerase chain reaction to detect adenoviruses, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus. Inpatient and emergency department records were reviewed for clinical and demographic data. RESULTS. Approximately 1500 specimens were collected over 21 months; they contained adenoviruses, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus in 5.9%, 5.6%, and 5.2% of children, respectively. Using polymerase chain reaction and antigen detection, a viral agent was identified in as many as 62% of the specimens. Lower respiratory tract disease was present most frequently in patients infected with human metapneumovirus (63%) and least frequently in those infected with adenoviruses (45%). We detected adenoviruses by polymerase chain reaction in 59 patients for whom the antigen-detection test results were negative. A paroxysmal cough led to clinical suspicion of Bordetella pertussis infection in 19% of patients infected with human bocavirus. CONCLUSIONS. Adenoviruses, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus were each present in ∼5% of specimens submitted for respiratory virus rapid testing. The lower respiratory tract was more commonly affected in patients with human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus infections. Adenovirus was often undiagnosed by antigen detection. Other findings included the presence of a pertussis-like illness associated with human bocavirus.
Adhesive interaction of hemopoietic progenitor cell membrane with the RGD domain of fibronectin.

The binding of two cloned hemopoietic progenitor cell lines, B6Sut (multipotential) and FDCP-1 (bipotential) to dishes coated with fibronectin or its chymotryptic fragments was studied by labeling the cells with 51Cr or [35S]methionine. Intact fibronectin molecule and its 120 kDa fragment, containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence motif, as well as a synthetic RGD-containing peptide Peptite 2000 all bound progenitor cells. However, the 40 or 45 kDa fragments, containing the heparin-binding and CS-1 domains, failed to bind the cells in a comparable magnitude. The binding of intact fibronectin and its 120 kDa fragment was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion with increasing concentration of RGD-containing Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide, but not with Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser control peptide that does not contain the RGD sequence motif. To explore the nature of the receptor for this fragment of fibronectin, membrane proteins were labeled with 125I and subjected to affinity chromatography using a matrix to which the 120 kDa fragment of fibronectin was covalently bound. Specific competitive elution with RGD yielded two bands with molecular masses of 160 and 110 kDa, corresponding, respectively, to those of α5 and β1 chains of integrin molecule. Western blotting of whole-cell-lysate proteins with a monospecific, polyclonal serum specific for vertebrate β1 integrins identified a β1 integrin in these cells. Thus, it appears that an interaction involving α5β1 integrin with 120 kDa fragment of fibronectin may be involved between hemopoietic progenitor cells and the fibronectin component of extracellular matrix.
IMIDE-ARYL ETHER BENZOXAZOLE RANDOM COPOLYMERS

Abstract Novel imide-aryl ether benzoxazole copolymers were prepared and their morphology and mechanical properties investigated. A key feature of these copolymers is the incorporation of a benzoxazole moiety by the use of 2,2′-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-6,6′-bibenzoxazole or 2,2′-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phenyl]-6,6′-bibenzoxazole as co-diamines in polyimide syntheses. The preparation of these diamines involved the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2,2′-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6,6′-bibenzoxazole with either 3- or 4-aminophenol in the presence of K 2 CO 3 . The diamines were co-reacted with various compositions of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) to synthesize the desired poly(amic acids). Films were cast and cured (350°C) to effect the imide formation, affording films with elongations between 40 and 110% and moduli in the 2000–2750 MPa range. The copolymers exhibited good dimensional ( T g in excess of 300°C) and thermal stability. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements on the copolymers showed that the ordered morphology characteristic of PMDA/ODA polyimide was retained. Improvements in the auto-adhesion were observed, particularly in those copolymers which displayed a T g .
Use of soy proteins in bakery products

A brief description of the products from soy used in the baking industry is given. The functional properties and the nutritional values are discussed. Emphasis is upon the production of high protein soy fortified yeast leavened breads, tortillas, unleavened breads, and chemically leavened products, such as cookies, cakes, and doughnuts. The nutritional significance and economics of such products also are explained.
Storytelling and the Therapeutic Process: The Teller's Trance.

Storytelling is a widely used and long established technique in therapy. Yet while much has been said of the effects of storytelling on the listener, little has been said about its effects on its tellers. The author looks at brief examples of storytelling from the work of Hesse, a student paper, and one of the author's poems, and raises questions about their autotherapeutic effect.
Toward a Theoretical Integration of Crime and Delinquency

The articles in this Special Issue provide an overview of the major social science theoretical perspectives regarding crime and delinquency in sociology, psychology, anthropology, history, economics, and political science. An analysis of these academic and scholarly paradigms reveals common themes. It may prove helpful to probe these shared conceptual commonalities and distinctions across disciplines in an attempt to weave an integrated framework that may elucidate our understanding of crime and delinquency. Recognizing that there are key shared factors across theoretical social science explanations is a first step toward conceptualizing an integrative framework that may better explain the root causes of crime and delinquency and thus assist instructors, practitioners, and researchers in identifying key explanatory variables related to human behavior and the social environment.
Does Social Support Predict Pregnant Mothers’ Information Seeking Behaviors on an Educational Website?

We examine how social support (perceived support and support from a spouse, or committed partner) may influence pregnant women's information seeking behaviors on a pregnancy website. We assess information seeking behavior among participants in a trial testing the effectiveness of a web-based intervention for appropriate gestational weight gain. Participants were pregnant women (N = 1,329) recruited from clinics and private practices in one county in the Northeast United States. We used logistic regression models to estimate the likelihood of viewing articles, blogs, frequently asked questions (FAQs), and resources on the website as a function of perceived social support, and support from a spouse or relationship partner. All models included socio-demographic controls (income, education, number of adults and children living at home, home Internet use, and race/ethnicity). Compared to single women, women who were married or in a committed relationship were more likely to information seek online by viewing articles (OR 1.95, 95 % CI [1.26-3.03]), FAQs (OR 1.64 [1.00-2.67]), and blogs (OR 1.88 [1.24-2.85]). Women who felt loved and valued (affective support) were more likely to seek information by viewing articles on the website (OR 1.19 [1.00-1.42]). While the Internet provides a space for people who have less social support to access health information, findings from this study suggest that for pregnant women, women who already had social support were most likely to seek information online. This finding has important implications for designing online systems and content to encourage pregnant women with fewer support resources to engage with content.
Combining Efficiency, Fidelity, and Flexibility in Resource Information Services

A large-scale resource sharing system (e.g., collaborative cloud computing and grid computing) creates a virtual supercomputer by providing an infrastructure for sharing tremendous amounts of resources (e.g., computing, storage, and data) distributed over the Internet. A resource information service, which collects resource data and provides resource search functionality for locating desired resources, is a crucial component of the resource sharing system. In addition to resource discovery speed and cost (i.e., efficiency), the ability to accurately locate all satisfying resources (i.e., fidelity) is also an important metric for evaluating service quality. Previously, a number of resource information service systems have been proposed based on Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) that offer scalable key-based lookup functions. However, these systems either achieve high fidelity at low efficiency, or high efficiency at low fidelity. Moreover, some systems have limited flexibility by only providing exact-matching services or by describing a resource using a pre-defined list of attributes. This paper presents a resource information service that offers high efficiency and fidelity without restricting resource expressiveness, while also providing a similar-matching service. Extensive simulation and PlanetLab experimental results show that the proposed service outperforms other services in terms of efficiency, fidelity, and flexibility; it dramatically reduces overhead and yields significant enhancements in efficiency and fidelity.
Sensor for measuring surface fluid conductivity in vivo

Thin-film microelectronic technology was used to fabricate a miniature, flexible sensor that can be placed directly onto the surface of the airway to measure the electrical conductance of the fluids present. Gold was deposited on glass, oxidized silicon, and polyimide substrates. The parallel gold electrodes were etched into an interdigitated configuration that increased the effective sensing area without increasing the sensor size. A temperature-sensitive resistor was added to make calculations possible to account for the effect of temperature on fluid conductivity. Fluid conductivity was measured and from this information osmolarity was calculated. Physiologic evaluation of the device and corroboration of the calculations was obtained by placing the sensor in the airway of mongrel dogs and simultaneously collecting surface fluids for atomic absorption spectroscopy and freezing-point-depression analysis. Osmolarity calculations made from the sensor data were consistently about 25% lower than clinical laboratory osmolarity analysis. In vitro tests of the sensor included calibration in multiple dilute salt solutions, temperature sensitivity assessment, and evaluation of the effects of solution concentration on electrical conductance. >
Load-transfer in functionalized carbon nanotubes/polymer composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer composites were characterized through Raman spectroscopy when heated. Functionalized-CNT composites showed a noticeable shift of Raman G band while pristine CNT composites showed a slight shift. Raman G band shift of as-produced epoxide-grafted CNT composites was more significant than that of amino-grafted CNT composites. Further mechanical tests validated properties of epoxide-grafted CNT composites were superior to those of amino-grafted CNT composites even though both nanocomposites revealed significant improvements in comparison with pristine CNT composites. The possible reasons may come from different functionalization density and functionalization-dependent interfacial structures. These experimental results indicate that Raman G band shift is an indication of load-transfer of nanocomposites and it can be used to quantify the effect of CNT functionalization on the composite load-transfer.
Chitosan: A New Hemostatic

Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of arthropod chitin. We found that it formed a coagulum in contact with defibrinated blood, heparinized blood, and washed red cells. When knitted DeBakey grafts were treated with chitosan, they were impermeable to blood. Examination of these grafts at 24 hours revealed no rebleeding. Examination at one, two, three, and four months showed the grafts to be encased in smooth muscle with a living endothelial lining and an abundant vasa vasorum. Control grafts showed the usual fibrous healing.
Electronic transport in doped SrTiO 3 : Conduction mechanisms and potential applications

Resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance are reported on a large set of semiconducting ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ single crystals doped $n$-type (by reduction or Nb substitution) over a broad range of carrier density (the ${10}^{15}$ to mid ${10}^{20}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ range). Temperature-independent carrier densities, strongly temperature-dependent mobilities (up to $22\text{ }000\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{2}\text{ }{\text{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 4.2 K), and a remarkably low critical carrier density for the metal-insulator transition are observed, and interpreted in terms of the known quantum paraelectricity of the host. We argue that an unusual, high mobility, low density, metallic state is thus established at carrier densities at least as low as $8.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, in contrast to some prior conclusions. At low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the mobility and resistivity exhibit a nonmonotonic carrier density dependence and an abrupt change in character near $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, indicating a distinct crossover in conduction mechanism, perhaps associated with a transition from impurity-band to conduction-band transport. The results provide a simple framework for the understanding of the global transport behavior of doped ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$. Finally, it is proposed that the large residual resistivity ratios $(g3000)$, and large, temperature independent, Hall coefficients $(g1700\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\text{C}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, demonstrate considerable potential for high-sensitivity resistive thermometry and Hall sensing applications.
The Press as a Source of Socio-Historical Data: Issues in the Methodology of Data Collection from Newspapers

(1987). The Press as a Source of Socio-Historical Data: Issues in the Methodology of Data Collection from Newspapers. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 5-16.
Quality of life after collis gastroplasty for short esophagus in patients with paraesophageal hernia.

Background Collis gastroplasty is an important component of laparoscopic giant paraesophageal hernia (GPEH) repair in patients with persistent shortened esophagus after aggressive laparoscopic mobilization. Concerns remain, however, regarding symptomatic outcomes compared with fundoplication alone. This study assessed the impact of Collis gastroplasty on quality of life after laparoscopic GPEH repair. Methods We performed 795 nonemergent laparoscopic GPEH repairs with fundoplication (with Collis, n=454; fundoplication alone, n=341). Radiographic follow-up and symptom assessment were obtained a median 22 months and 20 months, respectively, after fundoplication alone and 36 and 33 months, respectively, after Collis ( p Results Compared with fundoplication alone, Collis patients had significantly larger GPEH ( p = 0.027) and fewer comorbidities ( p = 0.002). Radiographic recurrences were similar ( p = 0.353). Symptom improvement was significant for both ( p p p = 0.003). Quality of life was good to excellent in 88% (90% Collis versus 86% fundoplication alone, p = 0.17). Conclusions Symptomatic outcomes after laparoscopic fundoplication with Collis gastroplasty are excellent and comparable with those of fundoplication alone. These results confirm that utilization of Collis gastroplasty, based on intraoperative assessment for shortened esophagus, is not detrimental to the overall outcome or quality of life associated with the laparoscopic approach to GPEH. Collis gastroplasty is recommended as an important procedure in the surgeon's armamentarium for laparoscopic repair of GPEH.
Rates, Patterns, and Frequency of Child Maltreatment Recurrences among Families known to CPS

Child maltreatment is a widespread and costly social problem. A primary purpose of child maltreating reporting is to prevent its recurrence. Despite the widespread belief that the system designed t...
Estimation of the geochemical threshold and its statistical significance

A statistic is proposed for estimating the geochemical threshold and its statistical significance, or it may be used to identify a group of extreme values that can be tested for significance by other means. The statistic is the maximum gap between adjacent values in an ordered array after each gap has been adjusted for the expected frequency. The values in the ordered array are geochemical values transformed by either ln(χ - α) or ln(α - χ) and then standardized so that the mean is zero and the variance is unity. The expected frequency is taken from a fitted normal curve with unit area. The midpoint of an adjusted gap that exceeds the corresponding critical value may be taken as an estimate of the geochemical threshold, and the associated probability indicates the likelihood that the threshold separates two geochemical populations. The adjusted gap test may fail to identify threshold values if the variation tends to be continuous from background values to the higher values that reflect mineralized ground. However, the test will serve to identify other anomalies that may be too subtle to have been noted by other means.
NEGATIVE PION PRODUCTION BY 800 MeV/A C, Ne, AND Ar BEAMS

Abstract Energy and angular distributions of π's produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been measured at 800 MeV/A incident energy. Cross sections for low-energy pions ( E cm ≈ 100–200 MeV) are forward and backward peaked in the nucleon-nucleon c.m. frame. Such anisotropy becomes weaker for higher energy pions. The shape of the energy spectra at θ cm = 90° is approximately exponential. Their slopes are steeper than those observed for protons. The data are discussed in terms of several models.
Investigations on proteins and polymers. X. Composition and fractionation of ovomucoid.

Abstract Ovomucoid was shown to be a heterogeneous protein consisting of three major and two minor components. The relative proportion of the five components was determined as well as their isoelectric points, the latter ranging from pH 4.41 to pH 3.83. One of the three major components could be isolated in a state of electrophoretic purity whereas the other two were substantially enriched. Electrophoresis-convection yielded a total of seven different fractions, the carbohydrate content, sedimentation behavior, and antitryptic activity of which were determined. These data have shown that at least the three major components are a striking example of electrophoretically discrete proteins originating from the same source and possessing the same biological properties.
Transcatheter techniques in the management of perioperative vascular obstruction

The role of transcatheter intervention for the treatment of vascular obstruction is well documented in the preoperative or remote postoperative settings. More recently, the roles of angioplasty and stent implantation have been advocated as intraoperative and immediate postoperative strategies. As one considers the inherent advantages in this cooperative approach to congenital heart disease, the development of a truly hybrid interventional suite seems imperative.
Artificial polymeric cells for targeted drug delivery

Abstract Selectins are optimal biological molecules for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents because of their localized and carefully regulated expression in several human diseases, and their highly specific interactions with their counter receptors. In this study, we describe a targeted delivery system that can potentially deliver anti-inflammatory drug to sites of chronic inflammation using Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and selectin–ligand chemistry. Biotinylated-sialyl Lewis x (sLe x ), a carbohydrate that serves as a ligand to selectins, was attached to the surface of avidin-linked PLGA microspheres. These carbohydrate-coated microspheres mimic the adhesive behavior of leukocytes on selectins in flow chambers, displaying slow rolling under flow. The rolling velocity of these artificial leukocytes is similar to that displayed by leukocytes rolling on P- or E-selectin coated surfaces. We can tune rolling velocity, and hence residence time of capsules on surfaces, by changing the density of sialyl Lewis x on the microsphere surfaces. Therefore, we have made a targeted drug delivery vehicle that mimics the adhesive properties of leukocytes and is biodegradable.
U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) multimodal signatures database

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Multimodal Signatures Database (MMSDB) is a centralized collection of sensor data of various modalities that are co-located and co-registered. The signatures include ground and air vehicles, personnel, mortar, artillery, small arms gunfire from potential sniper weapons, explosives, and many other high value targets. This data is made available to Department of Defense (DoD) and DoD contractors, Intel agencies, other government agencies (OGA), and academia for use in developing target detection, tracking, and classification algorithms and systems to protect our Soldiers. A platform independent Web interface disseminates the signatures to researchers and engineers within the scientific community. Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) signature models provide an excellent solution for the sharing of complex multimodal signature data for algorithmic development and database requirements. Many open source tools for viewing and plotting HDF5 signatures are available over the Web. Seamless integration of HDF5 signatures is possible in both proprietary computational environments, such as MATLAB, and Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) computational environments, such as Octave and Python, for performing signal processing, analysis, and algorithm development. Future developments include extending the Web interface into a portal system for accessing ARL algorithms and signatures, High Performance Computing (HPC) resources, and integrating existing database and signature architectures into sensor networking environments.
Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry

Purpose – This article aims to provide a summary review of what is already known about customer loyalty and identifies some emerging issues that play an important role in it. As a result of dramatic changes in the marketplace and in consumers’ connections with the hospitality industry, researchers and practitioners are keen to understand the factors that underpin customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – By synthesizing extant customer loyalty literature, this article seeks further understanding of loyalty and offers priorities for ongoing loyalty research. Findings – Using conceptual models, this study provides a framework designed to extend the understanding of customer loyalty and the impact of the evolving role of engaged customers. Practical implications – Companies are advised to create emotionally engaged, loyal brand ambassadors by focusing on emerging areas, such as customer engagement, brand citizenship behaviors, mass personalization, employee engagement, brand ambassadors (both employees...
Pervanadate induces the hyperphosphorylation but not the activation of human heat shock factor 1.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of pervanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, on the regulation and function of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) in HeLa cells. We showed that 50-100 microM pervanadate induced the hyperphosphorylation of the latent HSF1, as demonstrated by a retarded mobility of the HSF1 protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as supported by the reversal of this mobility shift upon treatment of the cell extract with acid phosphatase. Pervanadate by itself had no effect on the monomeric stoichiometry and DNA-binding activity of HSF1. Upon heat shock, the pervanadate-induced hyperphosphorylated HSF1 formed DNA-binding trimers and translocated into the nuclear compartment. At high concentration (approximately 500 microM), pervanadate also induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of many cellular proteins and blunted the heat-induced transcription of hsp 70. N-acetyl cysteine inhibited these effects of pervanadate, suggesting a redox-based mechanism for its activity. Analysis of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) using antibodies specific for the phospho-form (activated) of the kinases in Western blot showed that pervanadate activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), and p-38 kinase. Pharmacological inhibitors of the ERK1/2 kinase pathway or the p38 kinase had little or no effect on the pervanadate-induced hyperphosphorylation of HSF1. Our results show that hyperphosphorylation of hHSF1 can occur prior to and independent of other events involved in the activation of hHSF1. The possibility that activation of the MAPK signaling cascade, notably JNK, may contribute to the hyperphosphorylation of human HSF1 (hHSF1) is discussed.
CON: thoughtful steps informed by more comparative effectiveness research is needed in home testing.

” This statement may serve as a disclaimer when we discuss the pitfalls of porta-ble (or out-of-center) testing for sleep apnea, but may also serve to heighten our sense of caution as we go down this path of disease management strategy. Admittedly, newer strategies are needed to reduce healthcare costs, but we cannot compromise on quality of care because, as providers, we—and not other stakeholders (third party payors, industry, or durable medical equipment companies)—are ultimately responsible for patients’ outcomes.
Altered autophagic flux enhances inflammatory responses during inflammation-induced preterm labor

Cellular organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled through autophagy, a process during which vesicles known as autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes. Altered autophagy occurs in various diseases, but its role in preterm labor (PTL) is unknown. We investigated the role of autophagic flux in two mouse models of PTL compared to controls: 1) inflammation-induced PTL (IPTL), induced by toll-like receptor agonists; and 2) non-inflammation (hormonally)-induced PTL (NIPTL). We demonstrate that the autophagy related genes Atg4c and Atg7 (involved in the lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) B-I to the autophagosome-associated form, LC3B-II) decrease significantly in uterus and placenta during IPTL but not NIPTL. Autophagic flux is altered in IPTL, as shown by the accumulation of LC3B paralogues and diminishment of lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1, LAMP-2 and the a2 isoform of V-ATPase (a2V, an enzyme involved in lysosome acidification). These alterations in autophagy are associated with increased activation of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in both uterus and placenta. Similar changes are seen in macrophages exposed to TLR ligands and are enhanced with blockade of a2V. These novel findings represent the first evidence of an association between altered autophagic flux and hyper-inflammation and labor in IPTL.
Characteristic-nonconforming finite-element methods for advection-dominated diffusion problems

In this paper characteristic-nonconforming finite-element methods are studied for timedependent advection-dominated diffusion problems. The diffusion term in these problems is discretized using nonconforming finite elements, and the temporal differentiation and advection terms are treated by characteristic tracking schemes. Various nonconforming finite elements and characteristic tracking schemes are studied. Stability and convergence properties of the characteristic nonconforming methods are obtained; unconditionally stable results and error estimates of optimal order are established.
Meaning in Life: Translating Nursing Concepts to Research

It is proposed that individuals who find meaning in their lives experience a higher level of health and wellness. In this paper, research focused on life meaning is described. This program of research includes studies of life meaning from the individual person and/or patient perspective and studies of the meaningfulness of nurses' professional work life. Translations of the theoretical concepts into research and professional nursing interventions are described.
Development and Life-Fertility Tables for Diatraea lineolata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at Constant Temperatures

Development, survival, and reproduction of Diatraea lineolata (Walker) were characterized at 22, 25, 28, and 31°C constant temperatures. Developmental times were inversely related to temperature; egg-to-adult duration decreased from 65 d at 22°C to 39 d at 31°C. Egg-to-adult developmental time was longer for females than for males only at 28 and 31°C ( P 0.840) between developmental rate ( y ) and temperature ( x ) was observed for all D. lineolata stages. The lower developmental threshold was estimated at 8.5°C for egg-to-adult development and ranged from 5.2° (sixth instar) to 12.5°C (egg stage). Degree-days (above 8.5°C) required by D. lineolata males and females to complete the egg, larval, pupal, and egg-to-adult stages were 106, 563, 199, and 868, respectively. Fecundity, egg viability, oviposition period, and adult longevity were reduced with increasing temperature. The reproductive performance of D. lineolata was similar for females reared on either artificial diet or field corn. Age-specific life-fertility tables and survivorship curves were constructed for all cohorts (temperatures and diets). Although differences in egg mortality were attributed to temperature, larval and pupal mortality differences were caused only by diet. Population reproductive statistics ( R, Tc, rc , λ c ) were estimated from the life-fertility tables. The capacity for increase peaked at 25°C ( rc = 0.054 females per female per day). The relation of these results to other crambine stalkborer species is discussed.
Anesthesia and Sedation Practices Among Neurointerventionalists during Acute Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Therapy.

Background and Purpose: Intra-arterial reperfusion therapies are expanding frontiers in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management but there is considerable variability in clinical practice. The use of general anesthesia (GA) is one example. We aimed to better understand sedation practices in AIS. Methods: An online survey was distributed to the 68 active members of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN). Survey development was based on discussions at the SVIN Endovascular Stroke Round Table Meeting (Chicago, IL, 2008). The final survey contained 12 questions. Questions were developed as single and multiple-item responses; with an option for a free-text response. Results: There was a 72% survey response rate (N=49/68). Respondents were interventional neurologists in practice 1-5 years (71.4%, N=35). The mean (± SD) AIS interventions performed per year at the respondents' institutions was 42.5 ± 25, median 35.0 (IQR 20, 60). The most frequent anesthesia type used was GA (anesthesia team), then conscious sedation (nurse administered), monitored anesthesia care (anesthesia team), and finally local analgesia alone. There was a preference for GA because of eliminating movement (65.3% of respondents; N=32/49), perceived procedural safety (59.2%, N=29/49), and improved procedural efficacy (42.9%, N=21/49). However, cited limitations to GA included risk of time delay (69.4%, N=34), of propagating cerebral ischemia due to hypoperfusion or other complications (28.6%, N=14), and lack of adequate anesthesia workforce (20.4%, N=7). Conclusions: The most frequent type of anesthesia used by Neurointerventionalists for AIS interventions is GA. Prior to making GA standard of care during AIS intervention, more data are needed about effects on clinical outcomes.
Training phonological awareness with and without explicit attention to articulation.

One hundred twenty-two second- to fifth-grade (7- to 11-year-old) children with reading difficulties studied phonological awareness with or without explicit attention to articulation and with or without manipulation of sounds. They all studied identical phonics and read stories on the computer with speech and decoding support for difficult words. Regular-instruction controls received regularly scheduled language-arts or reading activities. After 40 h of training, children in all three trained conditions outperformed controls on all tests except math. Conditions that manipulated sounds showed advantages over the condition without explicit practice manipulating sounds, but only on the two measures of phonological awareness. Articulatory awareness training yielded no unique benefits during this training period. Individual differences in response to treatment related to initial levels of phonological awareness, naming speed, IQ, and grade. The similar outcomes of the three conditions suggest that specific variations in good phonological training may be less important than once thought for most children with reading difficulties.
1027-39 Electrical Alternans During Rest and Exercise as Predictors of Vulnerability to Ventricular Arrhythmias

Electrical alternans (ALT) representing visually inapparent beat-to-beat alternating amplitude on the electrocardiogram, has been reported topredict vulnerabilityto ventricular arrhythmias during atrial (A) pacing. We hypothesized that ALT recorded during sinus rhythm and with the heart rate elevated by exercise (Ex) would be similarly predictive. In the pilot phase of a multicenter study, ALT recordings were made at rest, during a bicycle protocol to maintain the heart rate 100–110 bpm, and analyzed using a spectral method incorporating noise reduction software. Ventricular vulnerability was defined by prior episodes of clinical VT or VF or by VT or VF induction at EPS. Results Sensitivity Specificity +PV -PV RR p Rest 50% 91% 80% 71% 2.8 0.14 Ex 80% 91% 89% 84% 5.3 0.005 Rest/Ex 100% 91% 91% 100% g10 l0.005 +PV: positive predictive value; -PV: negative predictive value; RR: relative risk; p: significance level Conclusions ALT can be measured during exercise and is an accurate predictor of vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. ALT measured during sinus rhythm at rest is not as accurate a predictor. Combining rest and Ex ALT results is more predictive of arrhythmia vulnerability than rest or Ex results alone.
The contentious ontogeny of fibrosis in the kidney

Arguably, no cell biology related to the loss of renal function is more debated than the ontogeny of fibrosis in the kidney. Recent studies suggest that the fibroblasts depositing most of the excess extracellular matrix in diseased kidneys derive from epithelial cells versus pericytes resident within the kidney. Reich et al. now contend that circulating bone marrow–derived fibrocytes independent of monocyte lineages are an important source of fibrogenic cells recruited to the kidney following injury.
The Meyerhoff Incident: Simulating Bioterrorism in a National Security Class

Saturday night, downtown Baltimore, Maryland. A sold-out concert performance at the Joseph B. Meyerhoff Symphony Hall. Unknowingly, the 2,400 members of the audience become victims of a bioterrorist attack when an aerosol of plague ( Y. pestis ) is silently released. Over the course of the next 36 hours increasing numbers of residents seek medical attention at area hospitals for cough and fever. By mid-morning on Monday some 300 persons with these symptoms have received medical care; 17 of which have died. The State Health Department notifies the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and by mid-afternoon plague is confirmed first by the state laboratory and subsequently by the CDC's Washington, D.C. lab. I would like to thank Carrie Vivian for her contributions to the development of this exercise and Dena Owens and PS 's anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on this manuscript. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to the former mayor of Westminster, Maryland, Kevin Dayhoff, and the emergency responders for their contributions to and participation in this exercise.
A 6 year experience with the St. Jude Medical Valve: Hemodynamic performance, surgical results, biocompatibility and follow-up

After in vitro testing (confirmed in vivo) of three contemporary valve designs (St. Jude, Bjurk-Shiley and Carpentier-Edwards) demonstrated that the St. Jude valve possessed the most favorable hydrodynamic performance characteristics, a limited clinical trial was begun in high risk patients who might benefit from a prosthesis with improved hemodynamics. Between March 1978 and March 1984, 419 St. Jude prostheses (157 aortic, 156 mitral and 53 double aortic-mitral) were implanted in 366 patients. Ninety-six percent were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV preoperatively. Early (30 day) mortality was 10.4% overall, and was lower after aortic (5.7%) or double (7.5%) than after isolated mitral valve replacement (16.0%). Forty-four prosthetic mitral valve recipients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation experienced a 32% early mortality rate; without this group, mitral valve replacement carried a 10% early mortality rate (p Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that early death was strongly associated with three preoperative patient characteristics (p Valve-related complications occurred in 28 patients (4.8% per patient-year). Embolism (14 events, 2.4% per patient-year) was more common after double (4.8% per patient-year) than after aortic (2.1 % per patient-year) or mitral (1.7% per patient-year) valve replacement and more frequent in patients receiving aspirin and dipyridamole (7.7% per patient-year) than in those receiving warfarin (2.5% per patient-year). Cinefluoroscopy by computer-enhanced techniques allowed excellent visualization and quantitative analysis of normal and abnormal St. Jude valve function. In conclusion, the St. Jude bileaflet valve exhibits excellent hemodynamic performance in vitro and in vivo, and is associated with a low incidence of embolic complications in patients with adequate anticoagulation. The increased early and late mortality rate in prosthetic mitral valve recipients reflects the inclusion of high risk patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation, reduced left ventricular function and advanced functional class. Computer-enhanced cinefluoroscopy is an important tool for assessment of St. Jude valve function during followup.
Modeling Low-Temperature Geochemical Processes

This chapter provides an overview of geochemical modeling that applies to water–rock interactions under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Topics include modeling definitions, historical background, issues of activity coefficients, popular codes and databases, examples of modeling common types of water–rock interactions, and issues of model reliability. Examples include speciation, microbial redox kinetics and ferrous iron oxidation, calcite dissolution, pyrite oxidation, combined pyrite and calcite dissolution, dedolomitization, seawater–carbonate groundwater mixing, reactive-transport modeling in streams, modeling catchments, and evaporation of seawater. The chapter emphasizes limitations to geochemical modeling: that a proper understanding and ability to communicate model results well are as important as completing a set of useful modeling computations and that greater sophistication in model and code development is not necessarily an advancement. If the goal is to understand how a particular geochemical system behaves, it is better to collect more field data than rely on computer codes.