cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Treatment of Refractory Post-Surgical Neuralgia With Erector Spinae Plane Block.

Background Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are used for a wide spectrum of headache and facial pain disorders. The objective of this case report is to highlight the erector spinae plane (ESP) block, which has recently been reported to successfully treat headache. Case presentation A 70-year-old man with a history of mild to moderate headaches, previously ruptured aneurysm, and right pterional craniotomy and clipping of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm presented with exacerbation of chronic post-surgical scalp pain and severe headache with nausea. Results of the physical examination were not consistent with cellulitis of the scalp, complete blood count and chemistry panel results were unremarkable, and imaging revealed an intact aneurysm clip. Given the severe unilateral throbbing pain with associated nausea, he was treated with a variety of migraine abortives and other pain medications without significant relief. ESP block was performed. He tolerated the procedure well without complications. His pain decreased to 2/10 from a baseline of 9 to 10/10 30 minutes after the procedure, and he was pain free the next day. Follow-up revealed a return of his pain 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure, which prompted follow-up with an outpatient pain management specialist. Conclusion PNBs, ESP block in our case, can be a useful modality in managing chronic neuralgiform pain for treatment-refractory patients. It can provide improvement in quality of life and spare the patient from medication side effects. In an inpatient setting, it can decrease length of stay that would otherwise be extended due to a trial of multiple medications until the pain was controlled. PNBs are used for a wide spectrum of headache and facial pain disorders. This case report highlights successful management of chronic neuralgiform pain with the ESP block, which has recently been reported to successfully treat headache. ESP block provided relief to the patient's neuralgiform pain that was refractory to multiple medications, resulting in decreased length of stay, fewer medication side effects, and improved quality of life. It also provided a window for initiation of long-term pain medications.
Encapsulation of tributyrin with whey protein isolate (WPI) by spray-drying with a three-fluid nozzle

Abstract Tributyrin (TB) is a source of butyrate with the record of improving gastrointestinal tract (GI) health. The incorporation of TB in food is challenging because of its bitter taste and the need for a controlled release in the GI tract. Encapsulation of tributyrin with whey protein isolate using spray-drying will expand its application in food matrix. In this study, a novel three-fluid nozzle (3FN) for spray-drying was introduced to produce the microcapsules. The effect of two feed streams into 3FN, the emulsion composition in the inner channel and the concentration of the wall material in the outer channel was investigated. Surface oil, encapsulation efficiency, physical properties of the powders, and the stability of reconstituted emulsion were evaluated. All the properties were also compared with the corresponding samples produced with a two-fluid nozzle (2FN). The results showed that 3FN reduced the surface oil of microcapsules compared to 2FN. No significant difference was observed in surface morphology and internal structure of the powders according to SEM images. However, 3FN sample has a lower level of flocculation and coalescence of droplets when reconstituted and stored indicating the higher stability during the 24 h of refrigerated storage than 2FN samples. The results indicated that 3FN is a novel method to produce microcapsules. The results indicated that 3FN provides a new approach to modify the properties of spray-dried powders with two feeding channels.
Football (as) Guanxi: a relational analysis of actor reciprocity, state capitalism, and the Chinese football industry

Recently, private and State actors within the Chinese economy have increasingly taken ownership of (or established other financial relationships with) major football clubs across Asia and Europe. I...
Homeless in America.

The tattered ranks of America's homeless are swelling, and the economic recovery that made this Christmas merrier than last for most Americans has not brought them even a lump of coal. In Detroit, auto sales are stronger but the city estimates homelessness is up 50 percent. The bedraggled homeless are walking emblems of poverty and suffering—the only poverty many Americans ever see. But solutions for their plight are not easily found. The chairman of the city's Board of Health says that an average of one homeless person a day is now found dead in the streets. The paradoxes of homelessness are practically endless. Coping with homelessness requires melding public and private efforts in ways that help street people but don't hurt taxpayers. The homeless are not welcome in Arizona. Police scour homeless haunts with German shepherd dogs, and one church soup kitchen will be sued as a public nuisance.
Cryogenic Super-Resolution Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy Correlated at the Nanoscale.

We review the emerging method of super-resolved cryogenic correlative light and electron microscopy (srCryoCLEM). Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography (CE...
Response of undoped cryogenic CsI to low-energy nuclear recoils

The bright scintillation of pure CsI operated at liquid-nitrogen temperature makes of this material a promising dark matter and neutrino detector. We present the first measurement of its quenching factor for nuclear recoils. Our findings indicate it is indistinguishable from that for sodium-doped CsI at room temperature. Additional properties such as light yield, afterglow, scintillation decay properties for electron and nuclear recoils, and energy proportionality are studied over the 108--165 K temperature range, confirming the vast potential of this medium for rare-event searches.
Variable Coded Batch Matrix Multiplication.

In this paper, we introduce the Variable Coded Distributed Batch Matrix Multiplication (VCDBMM) problem which tasks a distributed system to perform batch matrix multiplication where matrices are not necessarily distinct among batch jobs. Most coded matrix-matrix computation work has broadly focused in two directions: matrix partitioning for computing a single computation task and batch processing of multiple distinct computation tasks. While these works provide codes with good straggler resilience and fast decoding for their problem spaces, these codes would not be able to take advantage of the natural redundancy of re-using matrices across batch jobs. Inspired by Cross-Subspace Alignment codes, we develop Flexible Cross-Subspace Alignments (FCSA) codes that are flexible enough to utilize this redundancy. We provide a full characterization of FCSA codes which allow for a wide variety of system complexities including good straggler resilience and fast decoding. We theoretically demonstrate that, under certain practical conditions, FCSA codes are within a factor of two of the optimal solution when it comes to straggler resilience; our simulations demonstrate that our codes achieve even better optimality gaps in practice.
Provider time allotment tracking tool to effectively manage assignment commitments

Due to the rising demand with limited health service capacity, managing available resources effectively becomes an important task to reduce patient care delays and avoid unnecessary and costly capacity expansions. At the same time, staff satisfaction and/or burnout is a complementary consideration when designing optimal schedules. Deviation from the scheduled plan can cause delays in patient access and may lead to unsatisfaction among providers. Balancing demand management, staff satisfaction and generating optimized schedules quickly reveals the need for a tool that tracks provider time allotment over time, especially for the academic healthcare organization where providers are committed to multiple assignments, clinical and non-clinical. This tracking tool should allow management to proactively adjust allotment to unplanned changes in the schedule and increase participation. In this study, a tool is developed to track monthly provider assignments for the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. The proposed tool produces two key outputs for each provider and assignment: 1) the recommended target workdays and 2) workday upper and lower bounds to accommodate for variability. This tracking tool is successfully implemented with implementation criteria, and the feedback is positive. The tool pulls the data systematically from the Mayo data platform and performs the necessary analysis on the data. It also automatically updates the values for the recommended target as well as upper and lower bounds for the remaining months in a year based on changes in the schedule so that provider commitment can be met at the end of year.
Nasal Delivery of Micro- and Nano-encapsulated Drugs

Publisher Summary Many pharmaceutical products have been developed for the nasal delivery route that now take advantages of the benefits, including convenience and ease of use, rapid onset of action, avoidance of immediate hepatic metabolism, possibilities to minimize systemic exposure, higher bioavailability, and rapid brain access through the nerves that perforate the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb. Some of the products that have successfully leveraged the benefits of the nasal route are salmon calcitonin, azelastine, desmopressin acetate, and buserelin acetate. These products are usually delivered as a nasal spray, though some offer the options of direct liquid or powder presentation. Recently, the issues associated with this route of administration were thoroughly reviewed. Even though the challenges to develop a successful nasal formulation can be onerous, appropriate use of absorption enhancement, adjuvants, mucosal adhesives, and encapsulation can help ameliorate the problems. Using the controlled-release aspects of the encapsulated drug ensures low concentrations of the drug at the nasal epithelium and is a consistent approach to develop biocompatible and effective nasal formulations. The nasal route has been demonstrated as a safe and promising new needle-free mode of delivering a variety of small-molecule drugs as well as for vaccination against respiratory diseases with DNA-based vaccines. This route of administration also has potential for delivering therapeutics to the brain; therefore, when delivering drugs via the nasal route, only nontoxic mucosal adjuvants are to be used to avoid neurotoxic potential.
The role of breast milk in protecting urban Peruvian children against cryptosporidiosis.

Researchers determined the antibody response to Cryptosporidium sporozoites in 6475 breast milk samples from 211 mothers of newborns living in the shantytown of San Juan de Miraflores on the outskirts of Lima Peru to determine the association of breast milk with cryptosporidial infection rates mean duration of infection and age at 1st infection. They determined that 18.5% 50.5% and 30.8% of the mothers had high intermediate and low anti-Cryptosporidium antibody titers respectively (>0.6 optical density [OD] 0.3-0.6 OD and <0.3 OD respectively). The cryptosporidial infection prevalence rate among the infants was 23.7%. the 50 infected infants experienced 61 episodes of infection. Most of the ill children were confined to the medium and low antibody groups (40% and 38% respectively). Since the study was ongoing the researchers expected a higher prevalence rate. Infants whose mothers were in the high antibody titer group were significantly younger at 1st infection than those whose mothers were in the low antibody titer group (4.05 months vs. 7.51 months; p<.01). The researchers did not anticipate this result. Infection rates were highest between February and June. They were also greatest among 4-8 month old infants which may be associated with weaning off breast milk. No significant differences in prevalence or duration existed among the infants in the various groups. Considerable antibodies to Cryptosporidium in a mothers breast milk did not necessarily protect the infants from the parasitic protozoan.
Policing Gangs in America: Policing Gangs in a Time of Community Policing

Community policing is thought to break down the barriers separating the police from the public while inculcating police officers with a broader set of community service ideals. Organizationally, community policing is thought to shift police policymaking from a traditional bureaucracy to one emphasizing greater organizational-environmental interaction. Simultaneously, the shift to community policing is said to be accompanied by flattening of the police hierarchy and the development of coordinated service delivery with any number of public and private agencies that affect neighborhood safety. These are indeed profound changes should they continue to be implemented and shape the institution of policing. – Jack Greene, Community Policing in America, in Policies , Processes , and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System , Julie Horney, ed., 2000, 301 The rise and growth of police gang units parallels another important development in American law enforcement, the shift or attempted shift toward community policing. For much of the twentieth century police organizations in the United States were characterized as being highly legalistic, bureaucratic, and centralized (Kelling and Moore 1988). As a consequence, a technocratic culture spread throughout agencies, and police departments became much more functionally complex and specialized (Reiss 1992). As of late, however, police reformers have attempted to reverse the trend toward organizational complexity and have suggested that police agencies make fundamental changes to their organizational structure so that they are better able to incorporate many of the new demands being imposed on the police as part of community policing (i.e., greater citizen interaction, enhanced problem solving).
Intelligent tutoring systems, educational data mining, and the design and evaluation of video games

Technological support for personalized learning has the potential to transform the educational system in the United States There is a growing interest in educational games and their potential for motivating learners Techniques from the educational data mining and intelligent tutoring systems communities can be leveraged to better understand, design, and evaluate educational games for both learning effectiveness and learner engagement This work explores the use of intelligent feedback in games as well as the potential pitfalls; it concludes with a proposed study designed to explore the differences between intelligent tutoring systems and educational video games.
Yang-Mills theory in (2+1) dimensions

Abstract The analysis of (2+1)-dimensional Yang-Mills ( Y M 2+1 ) theory via the use of gauge-invariant matrix variables is reviewed. The vacuum wavefunction, string tension, the propagator mass for gluons, its relation to the magnetic mass for Y M 3+1 at nonzero temperature and the extension of our analysis to the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory are discussed.
PREDICTING HORSE RACE WINNERS THROUGH A REGULARIZED CONDITIONAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH FRAILTY

Conditional logistic regression has remained a mainstay in predicting horse racing out- comes since the 1980’s. In this paper, we propose and apply novel modifications of the regression model to include parameter regularization and a frailty contribution that exploits winning dividends. Additionally, the entire model was fit using state-of-the art parallelization methods on commodity graphical processing units. (GPU) The model is trained using 4 years of horse racing data from Hong Kong, and then tested on a hold-out year of races. Simulated betting produces a return on investment significantly higher than any other published methods involving Hong Kong races.
Alterations in atrial perfusion during atrial fibrillation

New Findings What is the topic of this review? The topic of this review is the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on left atrial perfusion. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the interplay between AF, ischaemia and fibrosis. Advances in fibrosis detection can better predict AF recurrence and effectiveness of ablative techniques; perfusion abnormalities may hold more clinical relevance than once thought. Left atrial (LA) perfusion during disease states has been a topic of much interest, because the clinical implications and detrimental effects of lack of blood flow to the atria are numerous. In the chronic setting, changes in perfusion may lead to LA ischaemia and structural remodelling, a factor implicated in the self-perpetuation of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). The association between AF and altered LA perfusion has been studied, but a direct causal association between perfusion changes and AF has not been established. A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Embase and Google Scholar databases was conducted from 1960 to February 2014. We systematically analysed reference lists of physiological articles and reviews for other possibly relevant studies. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the AF-mediated changes in LA perfusion and the potential mechanisms underlying the alterations in coronary flow to the LA in this setting. In addition, we discuss the clinical contexts in which changes in LA perfusion may be relevant. Finally, this article highlights the need for longitudinal studies of AF that would elucidate the changes in LA perfusion resulting from chronic AF and lead to advancements in effective treatments to prevent progression of this disease.
Semi log resolution

The aim of this note is to discuss resolution theorems that are useful in the study of semi log canonical varieties.
Book Reviews: Arthur Goldwag’s The New Hate: A History of Fear and Loathing on the Populist Right & Thomas R. Pegram’s One Hundred Percent American: The Rebirth and Decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s

As reported by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), the number of hate groups in the United States has continually risen since 2000 in response to three factors: the election of the nation’s first African American president, economic turmoil, and undocumented immigration (Potok, 2011). While these structural changes might feel painful for those native-born white Americans who view signs of increasing pluralism as worrisome and who believe that their economic losses are due to the gains of minority groups, they are not new challenges—nor are the hate-filled responses to them new. In both One Hundred Percent American: The Rebirth and Decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s by Thomas R. Pegram and The New Hate: A History of Fear and Loathing on the Populist Right by Arthur Goldwag, the authors make the point that hate groups and the conspiracy theories that circulate within them are deeply rooted in American culture and that, while they are, in the details, constructions of their own times, they are also responses to problems seen as long-standing threats to American security and prosperity, responses that are consistent across time.
Difference frequency generation in proustite from 11 to 23 μm

Tunable infrared radiation was produced in the spectral range 11 μm to 23 μm by nonlinear mixing of two ruby-pumped dye lasers in proustite. A peak power of about 3 watts was observed at 19 μm. A 7o crystal angle was sufficient to achieve phase matching over the entire wavelength range. Ordinary wave absorption measurements in proustite correlate well with the observed difference frequency output, once allowance has been made for the convergence of the dye laser beams.
A moral context for social research

Five recent books on the ethics of social research are reviewed: Ethical Issues in Social Research, Tom L. Beauchamp, et al., eds.; Ethics of Human Subject Research, Allan J. Kimmel, Jr., ed.; Social Research Ethics, Martin Bulmer, ed.; and The Ethics of Social Research: Fieldwork, Regulation and Publication and The Ethics of Social Research: Surveys and Experiments, both edited by Joan E. Sieber. Although these works are judged to provide good analyses of traditionally defined moral issues in social research, they are criticized for failing to recognize and explore the serious implications of pervasive bureaucratic control and manipulation of such research in modern society. Language: en
Key aspects of the primary sex determination mechanism are conserved across the genus Drosophila

In D. melanogaster, a set of ‘X:A numerator genes’, which includes sisterlessA (sisA), determines sex by controlling the transcription of Sex-lethal (Sxl). We characterized sisA from D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis and studied the timing of sisA and Sxl expression with single cell-cycle resolution in D. virilis, both to guide structure-function studies of sisA and to help understand sex determination evolution. We found that D. virilis sisA shares 58% amino acid identity with its melanogaster ortholog. The identities confirm sisA as an atypical bZIP transcription factor. Although virilis sisA can substitute for melanogaster sisA, the protein is not fully functional in a heterologous context. The putative sisA regulatory sequence CAGGTAG is a potential ‘numerator box,’ since it is shared with the other strong X:A numerator gene, sisB, and its target, SxlPe. Temporal and spatial features of sisA and SxlPe expression are strikingly conserved, including rapid onset and cessation of transcription in somatic nuclei, early cessation of sisA transcription in budding pole cells and persistent high-level sisA expression in yolk nuclei. Expression of sisA and Sxl is as tightly coupled in virilis as it is in melanogaster. Taken together, these data indicate that the same primary sex determination mechanism exists throughout the genus Drosophila.
Plastic zone size estimation under cyclic loadings using in situ optical microscopy fatigue testing

An in situ optical microscopy fatigue testing is proposed in this paper to investigate the forward and reversed plastic zone size under cyclic loadings for Al-7075-T6. This experimental study is used to verify the hypotheses in a recently developed small time scale formulation of fatigue crack growth. During the testing, the entire cyclic loading cycle is divided into a certain number of steps. Images of the crack tip are taken at each step. The full strain field around the crack tip is determined using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The plastic zone size is obtained by combining the DIC results and the material constitutive relationship. Experimental measurements from the proposed study are compared with theoretical predictions. It is observed that the crack closure has a large effect on the reversed plastic zone size. The plastic zone size remains almost constant when the unloading path is below a certain stress level, which is one of the hypotheses used in a previous crack growth model. Discussions are given for the modelling of plastic zone size variation under cyclic loadings and several conclusions are drawn based on the current investigation.
Use of hair as an indicator of environmental lead pollution in women of child-bearing age in Karachi, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

The present study was prompted by an observation made during a visit to Karchi in 1986 when three blood samples from two women and a man, all between 30-35 years yielded blood Pb levels of 31.4, 21.9 and 41.7 ug Pb/dl blood. Karachi is a highly industrialized urban center with very large numbers of motor vehicles, all of which use leaded gasoline. Lead-based paint is also extensively used in the city. The present study was conducted to determine if hair metal analyses could be used to determine elevated exposures to lead in women of child-bearing age living in Karachi (Pakistan). Rural Bangladeshi women living in areas with little or no vehicular traffic and no factories in the vicinity were used as controls.
Application of Monetary Models of Exchange Rate Determination for Poland

The zloty/USD exchange rate is examined based on the Dornbusch model, the Bilson model, the Frenkel model, and the Frankel model. Empirical results show that the coefficient of the relative money supply is positive and significant, that the coefficient of the relative output is negative and significant, and that the Bilson model or the Frenkel model applies to Poland. Hence, the nominal exchange rate is positively affected by the relative interest rate and the relative expected inflation rate. The Balassa-Samuelson effect is confirmed in both models. The Bilson model has a smaller root mean squared error or mean absolute percent error than the Frenkel model.
Fish consumption: efficacy among fishermen of a brochure developed for pregnant women

The risk to human consumers from contaminants in fish is often dealt with by issuing consumption advisories, or in some cases, information brochures. Normally advisories and brochures are developed and tested with anglers. We examine the efficacy of a fish consumption brochure that was developed for pregnant women on people engaged in fishing in the Newark Bay Complex. The brochures were in English and Spanish, and subjects could read and be interviewed in either language. Of the 151 people interviewed, 32% were women, 58% spoke only English, 22% spoke mainly Spanish and the rest felt comfortable with both languages. There were no differences in the percent that were present as a function of preferred language. There were significant differences in the understanding of the brochure, depending upon preferred language (and the language of the brochure). In general, anglers preferring Spanish and who read the brochure in Spanish obtained fewer of the messages correctly than those who preferred English (seven...
Somatic Cell Plasticity and Niemann-Pick Type C2 Protein ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTION

The phenotypic stability of somatic cells is essential for the maintenance of both structural and functional organ integrity of the adult human body. Deregulated cell plasticity could result in the development of debilitating diseases such as cancer, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that a nonsense mutation in the NPC2 gene, which encodes ubiquitous, highly conserved, secretory protein with unknown function, leads to activation of human skin fibroblasts. The activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, have the properties of mesenchymal stem cells and are able to differentiate along the mesodermal and endodermal lineages. Here we show that NPC2-null, but not the normal skin fibroblasts, possess characteristics of adipogenic progenitors as demonstrated by their specific gene expression pattern as well as the ability for efficient differentiation into white adipocytes. The presence of NPC2 in mature white adipocytes was also necessary for their maintenance because silencing NPC2 in differentiated cells by siRNA stimulated PPARG expression, which was followed by a shift toward a more favorable, brown adipocyte-like metabolic state characterized by up-regulated lipolysis and increased insulin sensitivity. It appears that NPC2 controls both the adipogenesis and the metabolic state of mature white adipocytes through a common mechanism that is linked to activation of FGFR2 that could be followed by induction of PPARG expression. Altogether, the current study highlights NPC2 as a novel intracrine/autocrine factor that controls adipocyte differentiation and function as well as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
Parathyroid hormone-lymphocyte interactions modulate bone resorption.

The biologically active PTH fragment 1–34 induces mononuclear leukocytes to produce a substance(s) capable of increasing bone resorption, as assayed in an organ culture system. The onset of the effect is evident at 2 days and lasts at least 7 days. The cell responsible for this effect appears to be an activated nonadherent lymphocyte (probably T-cell). PTH-(1–34) induces these cells to secrete this factor(s). The presence of adherent mononuclear leukocytes or appropriate conditioned medium appears to augment this response. Secretion of this factor(s) is specific for PTH-(1–34); it is not induced by biologically inactive PTH fragments, nor can it be induced by incubating mononuclear leukocytes with other hormones, including human PRL or lysine vasopressin. On the other hand, PTH-(1–34), human PRL, and lysine vasopressin all activate mononuclear leukocytes, as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Biologically inactive PTH fragments do not. Thus, while lymphocyte activation may be a necessary prerequis...
Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in NMR spectroscopy using a vector-space technique

Abstract A new technique that improves the effective sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance by means of post-detection signal processing is presented. This technique will be of value in obtaining localized spectra, allowing a smaller voxel volume for more accurate localization. The technique takes advantage of the a priori knowledge of relaxation times and resonant frequencies of the spectral lines to be measured and uses vector-space methods to determine the corresponding concentrations. With use of this technique, as long as the number of samples is above a certain value, the extent of signal-to-noise ratio improvement is limited only by the spin-spin relaxation time. In particular, under the conditions which usually exist in a typical NMR spectroscopy experiment, this technique results in an eightfold increase in signal-to-noise ratio over that obtainable by conventional algorithms using Fourier transformation. Application of the technique to experimental data confirms the theoretical findings.
Uniformly defined descending sequences of degrees

This paper answers some questions which naturally arise from the Spector-Gandy proof of their theorem that the π 1 1 sets of natural numbers are precisely those which are defined by a Σ 1 1 formula over the hyperarithmetic sets. Their proof used hierarchies on recursive linear orderings ( H -sets) which are not well orderings. (In this respect they anticipated the study of nonstandard models of set theory.) The proof hinged on the following fact. Let e be a recursive linear ordering. Then e is a well ordering if and only if there is an H -set on e which is hyperarithmetic. It was implicit in their proof that there are recursive linear orderings which are not well orderings, on which there are H -sets. Further information on such nonstandard H -sets (often called pseudohierarchies) can be found in Harrison [4]. It is natural to ask: on which recursive linear orderings are there H -sets? In Friedman [1] it is shown that there exists a recursive linear ordering e that has no hyperarithmetic descending sequences such that no H -set can be placed on e . In [1] it is also shown that if e is a recursive linear ordering, every point of which has an immediate successor and either has finitely many predecessors or is finitely above a limit point (heretofore called adequate ) such that an H -set can be placed on e , then e has no hyperarithmetic descending sequences. In a related paper, Friedman [2] shows that there is no infinite sequence x n of codes for ω-models of the arithmetic comprehension axiom scheme such that each x n + 1 is a set in the ω-model coded by x n , and each x n +1 is the unique solution of P ( x n , x n +1 ) for some fixed arithmetic P .
Fungal Pneumonia (Part 4): Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

1nvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a necrotizing pneumonitis caused by several Aspergillus species. IPA is characterized by hyphal proliferation in the pulmonary parenchyma and by mycotic invasion of the pulmonary vasculature, with resultant hemorrhagic infarction. Aspergillosis is a disease of “medical progress” and is the second most common invasive mycosis in immunocompromised hosts (after Candida).”2 IPA is a treatable disease that, unfortunately, is often unrecognized antemortem. In this review, emphasis is on certain clinical, radiologic, and laboratory studies that make earlier diagnosis and therapy for IPA potentially possible.
Comment on “Exact Bayesian variable sampling plans for the exponential distribution based on type-I hybrid censored samples” and “its corrections”

We compare the performances of two sampling plans, namely, the Lin-Liang-Huang (2002)'s Bayesian sampling plan $(n^*,\xi^*)$ and the Lin-Huang-Balakrishnan (2008a, 2010a)'s exact Bayesian sampling plan $(n_0,r_0,t_0,\xi_0)$. We also comment the accuracy of the values of the design parameters $(n_0,r_0,t_0,\xi_0)$ provided in Lin-Huang-Balakrishnan (2010a). We conclude that among the class of sampling plans $(n,r,t,\xi)$ of Lin et al.~(2008a, 2010a), the exact Bayesian sampling plan does not exist.
RESPONSE OF THE THERMOSPHERIC DENSITY TO AURORAL HEATING DURING GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES.

Thermospheric density response to auroral heating during geomagnetic disturbances simulation assuming impulse heat input into small latitude band within auroral ovals
Expanding the phenotype of the 8344 transfer RNAlysine mitochondrial DNA mutation

The A-to-G mutation at position 8344 in the transfer RNAlysine mitochondrial DNA gene is associated mostly with the myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers syndrome. We describe a five-generation family with this mutation and 19 affected members with a variant neurologic syndrome of ataxia, myopathy, hearing loss, and neuropathy. Along with axial lipomas and diabetes mellitus, hypertension is a frequent somatic feature, suggesting that mitochondrial mutations may contribute to hypertension in these patients.
The effect of intravenous insulin infusion on kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, urinary excretion of β-2-microglobulin and albumin, heart rate and blood pressure were studied in eight young male insulin-dependent diabetics. Measurements were performed before and during insulin infusion at 2 mU/kg/min. No patient had discernible insulin antibodies. Two studies were performed at random in each patient. In series A blood glucose concentration was allowed to decline, while in series B it was maintained at a constant level. Ten 20 min clearance periods were performed, four before and six during insulin infusion. Results are given as mean±SEM of values from the first four (control) and last four (test) clearance periods. Blood glucose declined in series A experiments from 10.8±0.8 mmol/l in the control period to 5.8±0.5 mmol/l during the test period, but remained constant during experiment B (9.8±1.1 and 9.5±1.1 mmol/l). Plasma insulin levels were comparable in the two series. Glomerular filtration rate fell from 141±7 ml/ min X 1.73m2 to 132±7ml/min X 1.73m2 (p< 0.01) in series A but did not change significantly during series B. Similarily renal plasma flow declined with declining glucose but remained constant when glucose was maintained at a constant level. In series A the magnitude of decrease in renal plasma flow was correlated with the magnitude of decrease in glomerular filtration rate (r=0.95, p< 0.001). β-2-microglobulin excretion decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both series (A: 89±17 to 60±13 ng/min, B: 117±46 to 62±17ng/min). Albumin excretion increased in five out of six patients with normal control values (not significant) in series A and in four out of six in series B. No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were observed. Thus insulin infusion reduced renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, but this effect could be completely abolished by keeping blood glucose constant. This suggests that it is not the lack of insulin but the associated hyperglycaemia which contributes to the elevated renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate in insulin-dependent diabetics.
Final-State Interactions and the Simulation of Resonances

It is shown that the singularities of the triangle or rescattering diagram cannot produce peaks in the total transition rate. Rescattering bands can be seen on the Dalitz plot, but their projections into invariant-mass plots do not produce peaks, if all events on the Dalitz plot are included. In other words, the Peierls mechanism and its recent variants do not work, even if the singularity is on the physical boundary. The reason is a cancellation of the peak, which occurs when the diagram without rescattering is added coherently to the triangle diagram. It is also shown that interference of overlapping resonance bands does not produce the previously expected peaks in the total transition rate or in the two-body mass plots in three different cases. This result holds to first order in the ratio of the resonance width to the diameter of the Dalitz plot.
Isotope exchange and discrimination by the H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean root nodules

Abstract Purified nodule hydrogenase (ferredoxin:H + oxidoreductase, EC 1.18.3.1) (in water) oxidized 2 H 2 more slowly than H 2 , although the effects were small. ( V )H 2 /( V ) 2 H 2 and (V K ) H 2 ( V K ) 2 H 2 were 1.2 to 1.3 at pH 6 and 30°C. ( V )H 2 /( V ) 2 H 2 varied with the temperature. 2 H 2 evolution from 2 H 2 O was 2- to 3-times slower than H 2 evolution from H 2 O; however, H 2 was oxidized only 5 to 10° more slowly in 2 H 2 O than in H 2 O. An isotope exchange reaction was catalyzed by this hydrogenase. In the 2 H 2 -H 2 O reaction, both H 2 H and H 2 were formed. When the reaction was not limited by diffusion, the ratio of the rates of H 2 formation to H 2 H formation was 1.5. Saturation curves of exchange activity vs. p( 2 H 2 ) and vs. enzyme concentration are presented. The rate of exchange activity was 5–10% of the rate of H 2 oxidation. An H 2 - 2 H 2 O exchange also was studied; both H 2 H and 2 H 2 were formed.This exchange activity was 4-5-times slower than the 2 H 2 -H 2 O reaction. The minimum ratio of the rate of 2 H 2 to H 2 H formation was 1.0 in 97% 2 H 2 O and 2.4 in greater than 99% 2 H 2 O. The responses of H 2 oxidation, evolution and exchange to variation in pH were determined. The isotope discrimination results indicate that dihydrogen bond breakage is not the rate-limiting step in H 2 oxidatlon. H 2 evolution and isotope exchange share the same rate-limiting step, as indicated by their similar rates, isotope effects and pH profiles.
Development of a finite strain two-network model for shape memory polymers using QR decomposition

Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop a thermodynamically consistent finite deformation continuum model to simulate the thermomechanical response of shape memory polymers (SMPs). The SMP is modeled as a thermoviscoelastic material whose response in a thermomechanical cycle is modeled as a combination of a rubbery (viscoelastic) and a glassy (elastic) network in series. The activation criterion for the breakage of temporary network junctions is governed by a temperature dependent rate equation (akin to a thermal Bauschinger effect). We further show how the decomposition of the deformation gradient into an upper triangular matrix and a rotation (the QR) decomposition can be used instead of the more traditional polar (RU) decomposition in the development of models for such materials with persistent configurational changes. Such a decomposition has both physical meaning as well as computational advantages due to their convenient structure. Using these assumptions, we propose a specific form for the Helmholtz potential and the rate of dissipation. The model is simple (deliberately ignoring some aspects such as anisotropy that affect the quantitative but not the qualitative response features) and is able to capture the major phenomena of interest in SMPs. The efficacy of the resulting model, which is in a state evolution form, is demonstrated by comparing with published experimental data for simple shear. We study the response of the SMP model for monotonic shear deformation, different deformation rates as well as cyclic shear deformation at different temperatures. Comparisons with experiments show good agreement. Finally, we implement the thermomechanical cycle under shear deformations and study the behavior of the model.
Note on WAIS Vocabulary Performance by Young and Old Adults.

An analysis of the WAIS Vocabulary performance of 56 young adults (Mage about 19 yr.) and 39 old adults (Mage about 77 yr.), equated for educational level, showed that the average performance of the younger group was significantly higher. An examination of the responses of the two age groups to specific items suggested generational change in the degrees of understanding and the kinds of referents for several words.
Activity recorded from the statocyst nerve of Pleurobranchaea californica during rotation and at different tilts.

1. 1. The statocysts of Pleurobranchaea californica lie lateral to the pedal ganglia. The thirteen receptor cells communicate with the cerebro-pleural ganglion via the thirteen axons of the statocyst nerve. 2. 2. Each unit in the statocyst nerve of Pleurobranchaea responds over a limited range of positions. 3. 3. Receptor adaptation is slow. Each position in the active range of a unit is coded by the same steady-state firing rate. Initial frequencies upon reaching a particular position differ, depending upon the direction of approach.
Improved Energy Efficiency for Multithreaded Kernels through Model-Based Autotuning

In the last few years, the emergence of multicore architectures has revolutionized the landscape of high-performance computing. The multicore shift has not only increased the per-node performance potential of computer systems but also has made great strides in curbing power and heat dissipation. As we look to the future, however, the gains in performance and energy consumption is not going to come from hardware alone. Software needs to play a key role in achieving a high fraction of peak and keeping the energy consumption within the desired envelope. To attain this goal, performance-enhancing and energy-conserving software needs to carefully orchestrate many architecture-sensitive parameters. In particular, the presence of shared-caches on multicore architectures makes it necessary to consider, in concert, issues related to both parallelism and data locality to achieve the desired power-performance ratio. This paper studies the complex interaction among several code transformations that affect data locality, problem decomposition and selection of loops for parallelism. We characterize this interaction using static compiler analysis and generate a pruned search space suitable for efficient autotuning. We also extend a heuristic based on number of threads, data reuse patterns, and the size and configuration of the shared cache, to estimate good synchronization interval for conserving energy in parallel code. We validate our choice of tuning parameters and evaluate our heuristic with experiments on a set of scientific and engineering kernels on four different multicore platforms. Results of the experimental study reveal several interesting properties of the transformation search space and demonstrate the effectiveness of the heuristic in predicting good synchronization intervals that reduce energy consumption without a significant degradation in performance.
Symposium melds past and future polar research

An international symposium, Perspectives of Modern Polar Research, was convened in Bad Durkeim, Germany to celebrate the 175th anniversary of the birth of Georg von Neumayer, the noted polar explorer and facilitator of German and international polar science. Neumayer, who lived from 1826 to 1909, began his career as a seaman in the merchant marine. Through his skill in geophysics and meteorology, he rose to become the founder and director of the Flagstaff Observatory in Melbourne, Australia, hydrographer to the German Navy, and director of the Hamburg Oceanic Observatory. He was instrumental in organizing the first International Polar Year (IPY) in 1882–1883.
Comparative Freezing Response of Ejaculated and Epididymal Bovine Spermatozoa

In the present study, we report the effects of cooling ejaculated and epididymal bovine sperm from the same animals with and without a cryoprotective agent, glycerol. Water transport data during freezing of ejaculated and epididymal bovine sperm cell suspensions were obtained at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min under two different conditions: i) in the absence of cryoprotective agents, CPAs; and ii) in the presence of 0.7 M glycerol. Using previously published values, the bovine sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder of length 39.8 μm and a radius of 0.4 μm with an osmotically inactive cell volume, Vb, of 0.61Vo, where Vo is the isotonic cell volume. The subzero water transport response is analyzed to determine the variables governing the rate of water loss during cooling of bovine spermatozoa, i.e. the membrane permeability parameters (reference membrane permeability, Lpg and activation energy, ELp). The predicted best-fit permeability parameters ranged from, Lpg = 0.021 to 0.038 μm/min-atm and ELp = 27.8 to 41.1 kcal/mol. The subzero water transport response and consequently the subzero water transport parameters are not significantly different between the ejaculated and epididymal bovine spermatozoa under corresponding cooling conditions. If this observation is found to be more generally valid for other mammalian species as well, then the sperm extracted from the testicles of an animal during post-mortem can also be optimally cryopreseved using procedures similar to those derived for ejaculated sperm.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Massachusetts health disparities: key lessons for the nation.

In September, 2010 the US Census Bureau announced the number of uninsured persons in the USA had risen to the highest ever recorded at 50.7 million. How much of a dent the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Pub. L. 111-148, PPACA, commonly known as national health insurance reform) will make on this crisis remains an ongoing question. While modeling estimates suggest that up to 32 million may gain coverage, many look to the Massachusetts health reform efforts begun in 2006 as a more real world experience of what may actually happen at the national level. Similarities between both plans include Medicaid expansions, subsidies for low income persons to obtain private coverage, business tax credits, individual and business mandates. Analyses using distinct datasets have shown that after the Massachusetts law was enacted, coverage in the state increased by approximately six percentage points.1 However, these are unadjusted pre-post comparisons. How of much of that change can be specifically attributed to the legislation has remained unclear.
Reduction of Limonene Chlorohydrins in Commercial Citrus Oils

: Commercial cold-pressed citrus oils containing terpene chlorohydrins may have quality and safety implications for end-users of these oils. Concentrations of (1S, 2S, 4R)-2-chloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (1), (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (2), and (1R, 2R, 4R)-2,9-dichloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (3) in some citrus essential oils ranged from less than 1 ppm to 30 ppm measured by gas chromatography with a halogen detector. Reduction reactions of these compounds were accomplished by continuous mixing (reaction) of the oil with dilute solutions of KOH. Greater than 95% reduction of 1 and 3 were accomplished after reaction for 15 h with 0.5 N KOH or after 24 h with 0.25 N KOH in oils with either 25 or 30 ppm (1). Similar treatment of an oil containing 5 ppm (1) resulted in reduction to below the threshold limit of quantification (0.4 ppm). Sensory analyses of tasting solutions did not detect any flavor difference between untreated or KOH-treated oils.