cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hydrodynamics in Supernovae

We discuss the current status of our hydrodynamical radiation (HYDRA) code for rapidly expanding, low-density envelopes commonly found in core collapse and thermonuclear supernovae. In supernovae, one of the main issues is the coupling between a radiation field and properties of the matter. Due to the low densities, nonthermal excitation by high-energy photons from radioactive decays and the time dependence of the problem, significant departures from local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) are common throughout the envelope even at large optical depths. This effect must be taken into account to simulate the evolution of spectra and light curves which are the basic tools to link between explosion physics and observations.
The ecopsychology of global environmental change

Abstract This essay explores how the emerging field of ecopsychology might contribute to a greater awareness of the deep ecological and spiritual issues intrinsic to global environmental change. Ecopsychology can cultivate a place‐based perceptual ecology as a bridge to connect psyche and ecosystem, and become the foundation of learning how to contemplate spatial and temporal scale—moving seamlessly between worlds—local and global, human and more than human, civilized and wild. I suggestthat ecopsychology explore themetaphorical and symbolic implications of global environmental change, while remaining grounded in the intimacy of local landscape. The essay offers nine experimental pathways to biospheric perception as deliberation for ecopsychology theory and practice.
Distribution of T-2 Toxin in Wet-Milled Corn Products

The distribution of T-2 toxin in wet-milled corn products was studied by processing contaminated corn with bench scale wet-milling equipment. Approximately two-thirds of the T-2 toxin initially present was removed by the steep and process water, 4% was found in starch and the remainder was distributed between germ, gluten, and fiber. The toxin concentration in germ ranged from 163–194% of the toxin concentration in the corn from which it was derived, while the T-2 toxin concentration in starch was 6.6—8.8% of the concentration in corn. The steep water concentration was related to the concentration of T-2 toxin in the original corn and the human consumption products. This may provide a convenient substrate for toxin assay.
Creating a Space for Spiritual Practice: Pastoral Possibilities with Sexual Minorities

Is a religious gay person an oxymoron? It appears possible, given that the research on religion and spirituality among sexual minority individuals is so limited. While books written on the intersection of religion and psychotherapy may include a chapter addressing the religious and spiritual lives of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, there are no critical texts focusing solely on this issue. In this paper, we review some of the most recent research on homosexuality, religion, and spirituality, and discuss how LGB individuals may integrate these two identities. A case presentation is offered and implications for pastoral counselors and methods of supporting the integration of the spiritual/religious identity in tandem with a LGB identity are also discussed.
Analysis of general plane motion with coulomb friction

Abstract Plane motion of two bodies which have a contact area in the plane of motion is considered. Motion with distributed Coulomb friction and transition conditions to sticked and separated modes of motion are determined. Results for circular areas of contact and motion without rotation are presented.
Circulation Scenarios: Or, Where Have All the New Books Gone?.

A desire to learn more about how library resources were being used led to an analysis of the circulation records of books added to a psychiatric library collection from July, 1983 through May, 1985. The total number of books that circulated was counted, as well as the number and percentage circulated in specific subject areas. Missing titles were also tallied. Borrowers were categorized as in-house or off-site and their usage of the collection noted. The results of this study provided useful information for future collection development.
Wide-line 2H n.m.r. study of perdeuterated pyridine imbibed in a premium coal

Abstract The motion of perdeuterated pyridine imbibed in Argonne premium high-volatile coal (no. 601) has been studied by wide-line 2H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The coal sample had been saturated with perdeuterated pyridine for several days, then evacuated until the pyridine reached a concentration of 3.5%. The entrapped pyridine molecules undergo two tyes of rotation about the twofold symmetry axis: rapid diffusional rotation with a correlation time of 1 × 10−7 s; and 180 ° jumps with a residence time of 6 × 10−6 s. It is estimated that roughly half of the pyridine molecules execute each kind of motion. There is no evidence for a pyridine fraction that executes rapid isotropic rotation. The anisotropic nature of the rotation indicates that the interaction between pyridine and the coal structure is strong enough to prevent isotropic rotation.
SECULAR SIKHISM, RELIGION AND THE QUESTION OF AMERICAN VALUES: THE MORNING OF FORGIVENESS IN A QUEST TO MOVE FORWARD

We mourn the loss of life in Oak Creek … AFSC has often witnessed the impact of hatred and ignorance around the world. But we also witness the transformative power of dialogue, love, and nonviolent...
II. The Sensitivity of the Cornea of the Eye

(1936). II. The Sensitivity of the Cornea of the Eye. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 433-439.
Net effects of poverty on welfare use and dependency among children by family immigration and citizenship statuses

Abstract The fact that immigrant families used welfare at a disproportionately high level called for national welfare and immigration reforms in the mid-1990s. This study examined the net effects of poverty on welfare use and dependency among U.S.-born children by family immigration and citizenship statuses in pre- and post-welfare reform years. The analyses found that children in poor immigrant families were less likely to use welfare than children in poor native-born families in 1995, 2000, and 2005. In 2010, however, children in poor immigrant families and poor native-born families had similar likelihoods of welfare use. Children in poor noncitizen families were in general less likely to be dependent on welfare than children in poor naturalized families. Although children in poor naturalized families had a lower likelihood of welfare dependency in a pre-welfare reform year, they had similar or higher likelihoods of dependency in post-reform years, compared to children in native-born families.
Treatment by systematic desensitization of a recurring nightmare of a real life trauma

Abstract A modified systematic desensitization procedure was employed in the treatment of a Vietnam war veteran with a recurring nightmare of a gruesome mine explosion. The dream consisted of a vivid recreation of the traumatic events as they actually occured. After six sessions of desensitization with an additional self-control procedure, the dream ceased to occur and anxiety about sleeping diminished commensurately. Results were maintained at a seven month follow-up.
Extracting Dwell Time Sequences from Processive Molecular Motor Data

Processive molecular motors, such as kinesin, myosin, or dynein, convert chemical energy into mechanical energy by hydrolyzing ATP. The mechanical energy is used for moving in discrete steps along the cytoskeleton and carrying a molecular load. Single-molecule recordings of motor position along a substrate polymer appear as a stochastic staircase. Recordings of other single molecules, such as F1-ATPase, RNA polymerase, or topoisomerase, have the same appearance. We present a maximum likelihood algorithm that extracts the dwell time sequence from noisy data, and estimates state transition probabilities and the distribution of the motor step size. The algorithm can handle models with uniform or alternating step sizes, and reversible or irreversible kinetics. A periodic Markov model describes the repetitive chemistry of the motor, and a Kalman filter allows one to include models with variable step size and to correct for baseline drift. The data are optimized recursively and globally over single or multiple data sets, making the results objective over the full scale of the data. Local binary algorithms, such as the t-test, do not represent the behavior of the whole data set. Our method is model-based, and allows rapid testing of different models by comparing the likelihood scores. From data obtained with current technology, steps as small as 8 nm can be resolved and analyzed with our method. The kinetic consequences of the extracted dwell sequence can be further analyzed in detail. We show results from analyzing simulated and experimental kinesin and myosin motor data. The algorithm is implemented in the free QuB software.
Application of speech recognition to African elephant (Loxodonta africana) vocalizations

This paper presents a novel application of speech processing research, classification of African elephant vocalizations. Speaker identification and call classification experiments are performed on data collected from captive African elephants in a naturalistic environment. The features used for classification are 12 mel-frequency cepstral coefficients plus log energy computed using a shifted filter bank to emphasize the infrasound range of the frequency spectrum used by African elephants. Initial classification accuracies of 83.8% for call classification and 88.1% for speaker identification were obtained. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a universal analysis framework and robust feature set for animal vocalizations that can be applied to many species.
Silent, Slow Lifeworld: The Communication Experience of Nonvocal Ventilated Patients:

The author explored communication experience of nonvocal ventilated individuals in rehabilitation settings with an aim to understand the reality of being voiceless using interpersonal relations theory as the theoretical study framework. Nineteen participants of varied ages and with varied ventilator courses shared their experiences while they were still nonvocal. The author used an interpretive phenomenological approach and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Participants described the meaning of their nonvocal experience as "Being trapped in a silent world makes me feel frustrated and incomplete," "Days pass in slow motion while the rest of the world speeds by," "Making and preserving connections is of paramount importance," and "The powerlessness of being nonvocal was ameliorated by developing coping strategies and by consistent and reliable nursing care." In the discussion, the author provides an expanded understanding of the complexities of living in a silent, slow world.
Impact of Lifestyle Modification on Diabetic Kidney Disease

Kidney disease is common in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with adverse health outcomes, including progression to end-stage renal disease. In the general population, adherence to a healthy lifestyle is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death. Among individuals with diabetic kidney disease, modifications in lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, smoking habits, and body mass index, represent a promising cost-effective therapeutic adjunct to pharmacologic treatment of kidney disease incidence and progression.
A COMPARISON OF RIFFLE INSECT POPULATIONS IN THE GIBBON RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW THE GEYSER BASINS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK1

A study was made of the aquatic insect populations of two riffles, one above and one below the effluents of major geyser basins on the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, from June through September 1963 and from October 1964 through September 1965. Eight 0.25-m2 samples were taken from each riffle on each of the 21 collection dates. Water depths, current speeds, and bottom types were similar in both riffles. Maximum and mean temperatures were greater in the lower riffle. Alkalinity and concentrations of K', Na', C1-, P043-, and Sod2were markedly greater in the lower riffle. There were 50 taxa in the upper riffle, 45 in the lower. The total number of individuals and biomass was slightly greater in the lower riffle. Ephemeroptera and Coleoptera occurred in greater numbers and biomass in the upper riffle, Trichoptera and Diptera occurred in greater numbers and biomass in the lower, and Plecoptera were about the same for both. Seven of the most numerous organisms in the upper riffle and two in the lower comprised about 68% of the total numbers for each. Ephemeroptera was the dominant order in the upper riffle, and Trichoptera dominated the lower. The thermal and chemical effluents entering the Gibbon River from surrounding geyser basins changed the lower riffle so that it was less diverse, contained a greater standing crop of aquatic insects, and was more favorable to Trichoptera than the upper.
Two multichannel integrated circuits for neural recording and signal processing

We have developed, manufactured, and tested two analog CMOS integrated circuit "neurochips" for recording from arrays of densely packed neural electrodes. Device A is a 16-channel buffer consisting of parallel noninverting amplifiers with a gain of 2 V/V. Device B is a 16-channel two-stage analog signal processor with differential amplification and high-pass filtering. It features selectable gains of 250 and 500 V/V as well as reference channel selection. The resulting amplifiers on Device A had a mean gain of 1.99 V/V with an equivalent input noise of 10 /spl mu/V/sub rms/. Those on Device B had mean gains of 53.4 and 47.4 dB with a high-pass filter pole at 211 Hz and an equivalent input noise of 4.4 /spl mu/V/sub rms/. Both devices were tested in vivo with electrode arrays implanted in the somatosensory cortex.
A Probabilistic Analysis of the K-Location Problem

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThe “K-location problem” involves the location of K facilities to maximize the profit from supplying a commodity tom clients. The profit from supplying customer i using a facility at j is cij > 0, and there is no limit on the number of clients that can be served by a particular facility. This problem has a number of applications. In this paper we show that if the cij's are independent and identically distributed random variables from a certain class of distributions then the relative error of a randomly generated solution to the K-location problem converges to zero in probability as problem size grows. Thus, in certain random environments the K-location problem becomes trivial to solve asymptotically. In addition we identify conditions under which a set of solution values is approximately normally distributed.
The Unique Authority of State and Local Health Departments to Address Obesity

The United States has 51 state health departments and thousands of local health agencies. Their size, structure, and authority differ, but they all possess unique abilities to address obesity. Because they are responsible for public health, they can take various steps themselves and can coordinate efforts with other agencies to further health in all policy domains. I describe the value of health agencies' rule-making authority and clarify this process through 2 case studies involving menu-labeling regulations. I detail rule-making procedures and examine the legal and practical limitations on agency activity. Health departments have many options to effect change in the incidence of obesity but need the support of other government entities and officials.
Voice Correlates of Mating Success in Men: Examining “Contests” Versus “Mate Choice” Modes of Sexual Selection

Men's copulatory success can often be predicted by measuring traits involved in male contests and female choice. Previous research has demonstrated relationships between one such vocal trait in men, mean fundamental frequency (F0), and the outcomes and indicators of sexual success with women. The present study investigated the role of another vocal parameter, F0 variation (the within-subject SD in F0 across the utterance, F0-SD), in predicting men's reported number of female sexual partners in the last year. Male participants (N = 111) competed with another man for a date with a woman. Recorded interac- tions with the competitor (''competitive recording'') and the woman (''courtship recording'') were analyzed for five non- linguistic vocal parameters: F0-SD ,m eanF0 ,i ntensity, dura- tion, and formant dispersion (Df, an acoustic correlate of vocal tract length), as well as dominant and attractive linguistic con- tent. After controlling for age and attitudes toward uncommitted sex (SOI), lower F0-SD (i.e., a more monotone voice) and more dominant linguistic content were strong predictors of the num- ber of past-year sexual partners, whereas mean F0 and Df did not significantly predict past-year partners. These contrasts have implications for the relative importance of male contests and female choice in shaping men's mating success and hence the origins and maintenance of sexually dimorphic traits in humans.
Quality in echocardiography: choosing to succeed.

It is no secret that the use of cardiovascular imaging is increasing or that the rate of growth exceeds that of most other medical services. On one hand, growth can be seen as a reasonable consequence of a constellation of demographic factors: the aging of the population, the increased burden of risk factors, the incorporation of imaging in preventive strategies, longer survival with heart disease, and the availability of new lifesaving technologies. On the other hand, marked geographic variation in the use of imaging and rising imaging use without evidence of concomitant improvement in health outcomes suggest possible overuse and misuse. Justifiable or not, growth has brought tremendous pressures to both providers and payers, forcing imaging laboratories to scramble to satisfy the increased demand and payers to reduce reimbursement and erect barriers to testing such as precertification requirements and mandatory lab accreditation. Both providers and payers are focusing on managing increasing volume, but isn’t the real question one of value? Shouldn’t we be thinking about rightsizing instead of downsizing? How do we maximize the quality of imaging care for our patients while minimizing the economic burden to the health care system? Solving this dilemma is not only a critical area of responsibility for the imaging community but also a strategic priority to counter payers’ reimbursement cuts and escalating administrative requirements. Although the paper by Barbier et al in this issue of JASE does not offer a solution, it does explore the magnitude and complexities of this topic by assessing referral information and the clinical utility of outpatient echocardiograms at a regional referral center in Italy. In this cohort, lack of a written referral was common (27% of patients), and only half of the remaining patients’ indications for echocardiography were adherent to the 2003 American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and American Society of Echocardiography guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. There was a high proportion of repeat studies (72%), and 41% of first exams and 14% of repeat exams had normal results. Further, only 60% of exams were felt to have clinical utility as determined by chart review. Data of this sort are new, and important. Similar information is beginning to emerge in the United States as the recent American College of Cardiology appropriateness criteria for echocardiography are applied in practice, providing a snapshot of current use. This early literature suggests that the situation may be somewhat different in the United States, where most labs (and payers) require a clear reason for study. Accordingly, the ability to determine appropriateness is much higher, 98% in a study by Ward et al. In Italy, nearly three fourths of echocardiographic studies were ordered by specialists, who did not differ from generalists in their adherence to guidelines or in the frequency of studies with normal results. In
Epidermal Growth Factor-Dependent Phosphorylation and Ubiquitinylation of MAGE-11 Regulates Its Interaction with the Androgen Receptor

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that interacts with coregulatory proteins during androgen-dependent gene regulation. Melanoma antigen gene protein 11 (MAGE-11) is an AR coregulator that specifically binds the AR NH(2)-terminal FXXLF motif and modulates the AR NH(2)- and carboxyl-terminal N/C interaction to increase AR transcriptional activity. Here we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling increases androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity through the posttranslational modification of MAGE-11. EGF in the presence of dihydrotestosterone stabilizes the AR-MAGE complex through the site-specific phosphorylation of MAGE-11 at Thr-360 and ubiquitinylation at Lys-240 and Lys-245. The time-dependent EGF-induced increase in AR transcriptional activity by MAGE-11 is mediated through AR activation functions 1 and 2 in association with the increased turnover of AR and MAGE-11. The results reveal a dynamic mechanism whereby growth factor signaling increases AR transcriptional activity through the covalent modification of an AR-specific coregulatory protein. Sequence conservation of the MAGE-11 phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation sites throughout the MAGE gene family suggests common regulatory mechanisms for this group of cancer-testis antigens.
Evaluating the Quality of Trials of Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Aortic Surgery

The quality of level 1 evidence in reports on deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was assessed, and the confounding factors in surgical management and study design that can prevent meta-analysis formulation were determined. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using categorized nomenclature for randomized controlled trials in adult patients undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the last 40 years. Twelve randomized controlled trials (2.3%) were found among 504 publications on deep hypothermic circulatory arrest listed on Medline from 1960; only 4 of them related to adults. One adequately powered study demonstrated reduced blood loss in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest using aprotinin. Three studies comparing retrograde and antegrade perfusion were underpowered. The median CONSORT score was 14 (range, 13-15). There were no consistent measures of similar outcomes (neuropsychometric, neurocognitive). No explanation was provided for the difference in reported ranges of neurological deficits in nonrandomized (5%-70%) and randomized (3%-9%) studies. Existing studies of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are insufficient and inconsistent in the outcome measured, which explains the lack of a meta-analysis. Neurological injury remains high, and an appropriately powered study of interventions that can optimize cerebral perfusion is necessary.
Three-dimensional nonequilibrium numerical modeling of arc-anode attachment in high-intensity argon arcs

Summary form only given, as follows. A three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to understand arc-anode attachment phenomena observed in direct-current electric arcs. The developed model fully couples a plasma flow with associated electromagnetic fields in a self-consistent manner. The electrons are assumed to have a separate Maxwellian distribution from the heavy particle one, based on the two-temperature model The species continuities are taken into account to consider chemical non-equilibrium. The species diffusion fluxes are calculated using the Self-Consistent Effective Binary Diffusion approximation. The electric and magnetic potential equations are coupled to obtain electric and magnetic fields with a well-defined current density, based on the species diffusion flux formulation. The governing equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The Gauss-Seidel Line Relaxation (GSLR) method is used to find out solutions of the linearized equations, using successive sweeps in two different directions in a three-dimensional domain. The model is applied to a high-intensity argon arc with the plasma flow along the arc axis directed towards the anode surface. An additional cold cross flow is imposed with varying velocities parallel to the anode surface and perpendicular to the plasma flow. The results show the arc attachment deflection and stability for the different conditions.
Brief Report: Adherence to Fluid Recommendations in Children Receiving Treatment for Retentive Encopresis

Objective Limited data are available regarding whether children being treated for retentive encopresis are adherent to recommendations to increase their daily fluid intake. The purpose of this study was to examine fluid adherence in children who received treatment for retentive encopresis. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed using diet diary data for 26 children (ages 3–12) who completed a group behavioral intervention for retentive encopresis. Results Mean daily intake of clear fluid increased significantly during treatment and children relied primarily on water and juice to make this dietary change. However, adherence rates to clear fluid goals were <50%. Conclusions Children’s increased clear fluid intake did not equate to high fluid adherence. Children’s high juice consumption is concerning as it could place them at risk for other negative health consequences. Future research should examine whether enhanced fluid education and use of behavior change strategies yield higher fluid adherence.
The Assessment of CACREP Core Curricular Areas and Student Learning Outcomes Using the Counseling Competencies Scale

Counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) are required to evaluate student learning outcomes (SLOs) aligned wi...
A Process Chaining Approach toward Product Design for Environment

Summary This article presents an approach toward product design for environment (DfE) at the level that integrates environmental hazard analysis with models of transformation processes. As a complementary analysis tool to life-cycle assessment (LCA), this method would support detailed design decisions through modeling of a “process chain” for a subset of the product's life cycle. The building blocks for this approach are a set of unit process models that can convert process and design parameters into estimates for energy utilization, production scrap, and ancillary waste flows. These values for quantity of environmental releases can be integrated using a multicriiteria environmental hazard evaluation methodology that can estimate the “qualrty” of environmental releases. Finally, the waste information can be used to support a design model that can link design parameters to material, process, and operational parameter selection. A case study illustrating printed circuit board (PCB) assembly is presented to show process chain implementation in manufacturing applications.
Semantic sensor fusion for fault diagnosis in aircraft gas turbine engines

Data-driven fault diagnosis of a complex system such as an aircraft gas turbine engine requires interpretation of multi-sensor information to assure enhanced performance. This paper proposes feature-level sensor information fusion in the framework of symbolic dynamic filtering. This hierarchical approach involves construction of composite patterns consisting of: (i) atomic patterns extracted from single sensor data and (ii) relational patterns that represent the cross-dependencies among different sensor data. The underlying theories are presented along with necessary assumptions and the proposed method is validated on the NASA C-MAPSS simulation model of aircraft gas turbine engines.
Functional CD8 T cell memory responding to persistent latent infection is maintained for life.

Aging is associated with depressed naive T cell responses, but it is less clear whether T cell memory established early in life also becomes impaired with age. This is particularly important for T cells responding to latent persistent infection, which need to remain functional and capable of controlling the infection over the lifetime; however, repeated stimulation over the lifetime may dysregulate their maintenance or function, potentially contributing to impaired immunity in the elderly. Systemic infection with HSV-1, a persistent latent virus, is associated with memory inflation of virus-specific CD8 T cells. We tested how these inflated memory cells are maintained from adulthood into old age. We found no significant differences in the numbers (i.e., blood, spleen), ex vivo Ag-specific IFN-γ production, and in vivo recall response to HSV-1 (i.e., proliferation, IFN-γ production, cytolysis) between adult and old memory T cells. There was a discrete shift from dominantly effector memory phenotype in the adults to a central memory-like phenotype in the old mice, with fewer old cells expressing the killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1). Adult and old KLRG1+ memory CD8 T cells were functionally identical: both produced IFN-γ but could minimally proliferate in response to viral challenge. Interestingly, regardless of age, KLRG1+ cells retained the ability to proliferate and survive in response to homeostatic signals, both in vitro (culture with IL-7 and IL-15) and in vivo (expansion following transfer into lymphopenic recipients). This finding demonstrates that functional effector memory T cells, including those expressing KLRG-1, are maintained and are functional for life, despite the presence of persistent viral infection.
Determinants of Body Size Perceptions and Dieting Behavior in a Multiethnic Group of Hospital Staff Women

Abstract Objective This study was designed to identify determinants of body size perceptions and their relationship to dietary behavior in a multiethnic group of women. Design A single interview consisting of the Massara and Stunkard body image cards (1979) and questionnaires on sociocultural background, anthropometry, and dieting history were administered to volunteers from the staff of a hospital. Subjects The sample was a convenience sample of 186 women representing a range of staff positions recruited from Methodist Hospital in Brooklyn, NY; 174 completed the study. Data on 150 women are presented in this article. Results Height and weight-for-height were stronger predictors of accuracy of perceived body size than ethnicity. Tall, slight women were more likely to overestimate and short, heavy women were more likely to underestimate actual body size. Ethnicity had an interactive effect with height as taller European Americans were more likely to perceive their body size as larger than actual compared with Afro-Caribbeans and African Americans. Women with a history of dieting were more likely to overestimate their size and to view it as different from what is perceived as attractive to others. Applications/conclusions Based on the results, we conclude that body size is a stronger predictor of accuracy of perceived body size than ethnicity; and dieters overestimate their body size and believe it to be heavier than their social group would prefer. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:252-256 .
Lisp-Stat: An Object-Oriented Environment for Statistical Computing and Dynamic Graphics

A LISP-STAT Tutorial Programming LISP Additional LISP Features Statistical Functions Object-Oriented Programming Windows, Menus and Dialogs Graphics Windows Statistical Graphics Windows Some Dynamic Graphics Examples The XLISP-STAT Implementation.
A mathematical formulation and comparison of zero-crossing analysis techniques which have been applied to automatioc speech recognition

Zero-crossing analysis techniques have long been applied to speech analysis, to automatic speech recognition, and to many other signal-processing and pattern-recognition tasks. In this paper, a mathematical formulation for each of several zero-crossing feature extraction techniques is derived and related (where possible) to each of the other zero-crossing methods. Based upon this mathematical formulation, a physical interpretation of each analysis technique is effected, as is a discussion of the properties of each method. It is shown that four of these methods are a description of a short-time waveform in which essentially the same information is preserved. Each turns out to be a particular normalization of a count of zero-crossing intervals method. The effects of the various forms of normalization are discussed. A fifth method is shown to be a different type of measure; one which preserves information concerning the duration of zero-crossing intervals rather than their absolute number. Although reference is made as to how each of the zero-crossing methods has been applied to automatic speech recognition, an attempt is made to enumerate general characteristics of each of the techniques so as to make the mathematical analysis generally applicable.
The statistical relationship between upslope flow and rainfall in California's coastal mountains: Observations during CALJET

The California Landfalling Jets Experiment (CALJET) was carried out during the winter of 1997/98, in part to study orographic rainfall in California’s coastal mountains using coastal wind profilers. This observational study statistically links hourly rainfall rates observed by tipping-bucket rain gauges in California’s quasi-linear coastal mountains to the hourly averaged upslope component of the flow measured by coastal wind profilers immediately upstream. Vertical profiles of the linear correlation coefficient of upslope flow versus rain rate are calculated on a case-by-case basis, for all cases containing a low-level jet (LLJ), and for the winter season of 1997/98. These correlation coefficient profiles show a direct relationship between the magnitude of the upslope flow impacting the coast and the magnitude of the rain rate in the downstream coastal mountains. Maximum correlation coefficients are as large as 0.94 in some individual cases, 0.75 for a composite of LLJ cases, and 0.70 for the winter season. Using three locations with differing coastal terrain characteristics, it is found that the layer of upslope flow that optimally modulates orographic rainfall is near mountaintop, that is, about 1 km above mean sea level for California’s coastal ranges. This height also corresponds to the mean altitude of landfalling LLJs observed by the coastal profilers. The correlation coefficient in this layer is largest when the rain rates are used from the coastal mountain sites rather than from the coastal sites, thus further highlighting the physical connection between upslope flow and orographic rainfall in the coastal mountains. The presence of shallow, terrain-blocked flow modulates the correlation coefficient profiles below mountaintop, such that the low-level flow at the coast is poorly correlated with rain rates observed in the coastal mountains. However, cases without significant blocking retain relatively large correlation coefficient values below mountaintop. Landfalling LLJs produce the largest enhancement of upslope flow at the altitude of the LLJ, despite the existence of terrain-modified flows below mountaintop during some LLJ events. The steepest increase in rain rate for a given increase in upslope flow also occurs at jet level, as does the largest correlation coefficient of upslope flow versus rain rate. Therefore, the upslope-induced orographic rain-rate response associated with landfalling LLJs is largest (2.55 mm h 21) and statistically most robust near the altitude of those LLJs.
Oxytocin administration, instillation-to-abortion time, and morbidity associated with saline instillation.

Abstract Among 4,069 healthy gravidas undergoing saline abortion, patients administered intravenous oxytocin had a significantly shorter instillation-to-abortion time (median, 25.5 hours) than did patients not administered oxytocin (median, 33.3 hours). The instillation-to-abortion time was independent of the rate of oxytocin administration, which ranged from 1 to 4 U. per hour (17 to 67 mU. per minute), but was associated with the time at which oxytocin infusion was begun. When oxytocin infusion was started within eight hours after instillation, a shortened time from instillation to abortion was observed. Although oxytocin augmentation may result in a lower proportion of patients being exposed to the risk of infection associated with prolonged intervals from instillation to abortion, this potential advantage appears counterbalanced by an increased incidence of clinical consumptive coagulopathy associated with instillation-to-abortion intervals of less than 24 hours.
Der Text zu den Zahlen. Vertrauensfördernde Argumentation in Geschäftsberichten der Schweizer Großbanken UBS und Credit Suisse während der Finanzkrise ab dem Jahr 2007

In den Jahren vor 2006 war das Bankengeschaft – abgesehen von den Auswirkungen der geplatzten Dotcom-Blase zur Jahrtausendwende und einzelnen regional begrenzten Finanzkrisen – weltweit fast ausnahmslos von Erfolg und standig steigenden Gewinnen gepragt. Zwischen den Jahren 2007 und 2009 jedoch erschutterte eine globale Krise den gesamten Finanzsektor. Weltweit gingen zahlreiche etablierte Finanzdienstleister fast uber Nacht Konkurs. Andere Institute konnten mit Muhe und Not und zum Teil nur mit Hilfe enormer staatlicher Mittel uberleben. In der Folge kam es international zu neuen, strengeren Regulierungsvorschriften. Diese dramatische Zasur in der Finanzwirtschaft brachte einen Paradigmenwechsel mit sich, der nicht zuletzt von einer breiten und kritischen Medienberichterstattung beschleunigt wurde: Wurden in den Jahren vor der Krise die Risiken des Bankengeschafts in der Offentlichkeit primar als Chancen wahrgenommen, so treten ab 2007 die Schattenseiten der Finanzbranche in den Vordergrund.
Web Search Using Summarization on Clustered Web Documents Retrieved by User Queries

Web search engines, such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo!, rank the set of documents S retrieved in response to a user query and represent each document D in S using a title and a snippet, which serves as an abstract of D. Snippets, however, are not as useful as they are designed for, i.e., assisting its users to quickly identify results of interest. These snippets are inadequate in providing distinct information and capture the main contents of the corresponding documents. Moreover, when the intended information need specified in a search query is ambiguous, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for a search engine to identify precisely the set of documents that satisfy the user's intended request without requiring additional information. Furthermore, a document title is not always a good indicator of the content of the corresponding document either. All of these design problems can be solved by our proposed query-based summarizer, called QSum. QSum generates a concise/comprehensive summary for each cluster of documents retrieved in response to a user query, which saves the user's time and effort in searching for specific information of interest by skipping the step to browse through the retrieved documents one by one. Experimental results show that QSum is effective and efficient in creating a high-quality summary for each cluster to enhance web search.
Musical Creativity “Revealed” in Brain Structure: Interplay between Motor, Default Mode and Limbic Networks

Creative behaviors are among the most complex that humans engage in, involving not only highly intricate, domain-specific knowledge and skill, but also domain-general processing styles and the affective drive to create. This study presents structural imaging data indicating that musically creative people (as indicated by self-report) have greater cortical surface area or volume in a) regions associated with domain-specific higher-cognitive motor activity and sound processing (dorsal premotor cortex, supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, and planum temporale), b) domain-general creative-ideation regions associated with the default mode network (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and temporal pole), and c) emotion-related regions (orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and amygdala). These findings suggest that domain-specific musical expertise, default-mode cognitive processing style, and intensity of emotional experience might all coordinate to motivate and facilitate the drive to create music.
Toxicities of Three Synthetic Pyrethroids and Selected Orchard Insecticides to the Tufted Apple Budmoth, Platynota ideausalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Laboratory tests using residue exposure methods showed that the synthetic pyrethroids permethrin, fenvalerate, and flucythrinate were highly toxic to tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), larvae. Piperonyl butoxide used in conjunction with the pyrethroids showed neither synergistic nor antagonistic action for larvae of P. ideausalis or redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). Field-laboratory tests with residues of permethrin and 5 nonpyrethroid insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos was the most toxic to neonate and 7-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. All treatments gave poor larval mortality (≤65%) at 15-day posttreatment assay, and none of the insecticide residues was toxic to the egg. Laboratory tests using residue methods for eight nonpyrethroid insecticides showed chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl to be most toxic to 9-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. Laboratory tests for ovicidal activity of azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, and permethrin showed that none of the treatment residues was toxic to the egg and only methomyl was toxic by contact.
Food imprinting in the domestic chick: A reconsideration

Experimental chicks were trained to peck a green stimulus for food in preference to a blue stimulus at the ages of 1, 3, or 5 days old within a socialized or isolated condition. The birds were tested on four subsequent days without food in order to ascertain the generality of “food imprinting. ” On the initial reinforced day, the chicks discriminated between the two stimuli, older birds pecked more than younger ones, and those within the socialized condition more than the isolated ones. A rapid decline in the frequency of responses over the nonreinforced days was interpreted as extinction of a discriminative response rather than as “food imprinting.”
Distal Phalanx Osteomyelitis Complicating Zone I Flexor Tendon Repair with a Non-Pullout Suture Tied Over a Dorsal Button: A Report of Two Cases.

Traditional methods for flexor tendon-to-bone repair, such as zone I flexor tendon injuries or distal graft fixation in flexor tendon reconstruction, include a pullout suture tied over a dorsal button as described by Bunnell1-8. However, locking suture techniques have a higher load to failure than nonlocking configurations9-13; a non-pullout locking suture configuration previously has been described14,15. With use of this technique, the non-pullout suture is cut flush with the nail at the time of button removal, leaving suture material within the distal phalanx and tendon. Complications of a tie-over button method include nail deformity5,6,16-18, perionychial irritation or necrosis6,16,19, and infection5,6,16-22. We present two cases of delayed presentation of distal phalanx osteomyelitis after zone I flexor tendon repair with a non-pullout suture configuration that was tied over a dorsal button. Both patients were informed that data concerning their cases would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. Case 1. A healthy twenty-eight-year-old man with a closed distal flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) avulsion injury of the left ring finger underwent surgical repair ten days after injury. We performed an eight-strand modified Becker technique with use of 3-0 looped Supramid suture (S. Jackson, Alexandria, Virginia) tied over a well-padded polypropylene suture button. Sutures were placed 3 mm apart through the distal phalanx with straight Keith needles; the needles were drilled from the midpoint of the FDP insertion, exiting the midportion of the sterile nail matrix. Preoperative antibiotics were administered intravenously within one hour of surgery. There were no perioperative complications. Rehabilitation emphasizing early motion and tenodesis as a low force/high excursion protocol was initiated under the supervision …
Quantitatively Differentiating System Security

Security is not considered a priority by developers of shrink-wrap systems because without a means to accurately and understandably measure it, security fails to provide a competitive advantage. I assert that the cost to break into a system is an effective metric, that this metric can be measured from the start of testing until product retirement, and that using this metric to differentiate products will provide developers with the competitive advantage needed to lead the industry to more secure systems.
Wordsworth at Hawkshead: the Ethos of an English Grammar School

Wordsworth is eminently a poet of place and has brought Hawkshead and its environs close to us in some of the most vivid poetry in our language. The Free Grammar School at Hawkshead was both a major institution in a particular locale and a major example of one of the most important cultural institutions in the West, the English classical grammar school. Because Hawkshead School had been revitalized not long before Wordsworth’s coming, both its ancient character and renewed academic discipline stimulated Wordsworth as a student. Later on he would say of his years at Cambridge that he felt ‘a strangeness in the mind, / A feeling that I was not for that hour, / Nor for that place’ (14-Bk 3.80-2). In contrast, of the summer before taking his degree, he speaks of France and really himself also as though both were ‘standing on the top of golden hours’ (6.341). But if ever there were a place and an hour aureate in their beauty and forever present to him, that place and that hour were at Hawkshead when he was a boy.
Chapter 16 - Signal transduction during platelet plug formation

Platelet activation plays a central role in thrombus formation and in both benign and pathological responses to vascular injury. How platelet activation begins, and the degree to which it is essential, depends in part on where it occurs within the circulation and why. In the venous system, low fl ow rates and stasis permit the accumulation of activated coagulation factors and the local generation of thrombin largely without the benefit of platelets. Although venous thrombi contain platelets, the dominant cellular components are trapped red cells. In the arterial circulation, higher fl ow rates limit fibrin formation by washing out soluble clotting factors. Hemostasis in the arterial circulation requires platelets to accelerate thrombin formation, to form a physical barrier, and to provide a base upon which fibrin can accumulate. Hemostatic plugs and thrombi that form in the arterial circulation are therefore enriched in platelets as well as fibrin, giving them an appearance somewhat different from those formed in the venous circulation. The focus of this chapter is on the signaling events that underlie platelet activation and support stable thrombus formation. The data come from a variety of sources, including genetically altered mice. The emphasis will be on events as they are thought to occur in the arterial circulation.