cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Distally Based Dorsal Metatarsal Artery Perforator Flap: Vascular Study and Clinical Implications.

Background Intrinsic flaps based on the dorsal metacarpal arteries are useful for coverage of dorsal hand, finger, and thumb defects. The purpose of this study was to explore the anatomy of the dorsal metatarsal arteries (DMtAs) in the foot to help define their clinical utility. We observed the size and numbers of distal perforators from the DMtAs and quantified the vascular perfusion pattern of the DMtA perforator across the skin. Methods Ten fresh cadaver feet were injected with latex and dissected to assess the size and number of distal perforators from the DMtAs. Five DMtA perforator flaps were injected with methylene blue to visualize and quantify the vascular territory of the skin flap to understand the clinical possibilities. In addition, a clinical case is described and shown. Results Ten fresh cadaver feet were dissected. The first DMtA was absent in two specimens and the second, third, or fourth DMtA was absent in one specimen each. The available DMtAs had between two and five cutaneous perforators supplying the skin (average, 3.7 perforators per DMtA). The largest perforators to the skin were always seen in the distal half of the DMtA and ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 mm (average, 0.5 mm). Methylene blue injections showed an average flap surface of 21.6 × 47.6 mm. Conclusion This cadaveric study demonstrates the usefulness of the DMtA perforator flap. The flap is a valuable addition to the arsenal of flaps to cover the dorsum of the toe, webspace, or defects exposing tendons on the distal dorsum of the foot.
Teaching and Learning Design: Commonalty and Diversity in Ergonomics, HCI and Architecture Design Education:

For four years we have been developing a design pedagogy that merges significant aspects of our disciplines (architecture and HCI). This has culminated in a joint design course where we bridged between design-build courses in architecture and user-interaction engineering. In this paper we cover lessons learned, based on our experience. Using the pedagogy developed for the Bauhaus, we have identified five goals for design education. Primary among these is education that combines designing artifacts with building them. We report commonalties and differences between our professions that have a significant impact on design education. Our work points to three recommendations for cross-disciplinary design education. Primary among them is to focus on design studios to keep within practical and manageable bounds.
Depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine by overexpression of spermidine/spermine N¹-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in mammalian cells

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are intimately involved in the regulation of cellular growth and viability. Transduction of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells with an adenovirus encoding a key polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermidine N 1 -acetyltransferase 1 (SSAT1)/SAT1 (AdSAT1), leads to a rapid depletion of spermidine and spermine, arrest in cell growth and a decline in cell viability. Annexin V/propidium iodide FACS analyses, terminal uridine nucleotide end-labelling (TUNEL) and caspase 3 assays showed a clear indication of apoptosis in AdSAT1-transduced cells (at 24–72 h), but not in cells transduced with GFP-encoding adenovirus (AdGFP). Apoptosis in the polyamine-depleted cells occurs by the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in pro-apoptotic Bax, decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl, Bcl2 and Mcl-1 and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, upon transduction with AdSAT1. Moreover, TEM images of AdSAT1-transduced cells revealed morphological changes commonly associated with apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, mitochondrial alteration, vacuolization and membrane blebbing. The apoptosis appears to result largely from depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, as the polyamine analogues α-methylspermidine (α-MeSpd) and N 1 , N 12 -dimethylspermine (Me 2 Spm) that are not substrates for SAT1 could partially restore growth and prevent apoptosis of AdSAT1-transduced cells. Inhibition of polyamine oxidases did not restore the growth of AdSAT1-transduced cells or block apoptosis, suggesting that the growth arrest and apoptosis were not induced by oxidative stress resulting from accelerated polyamine catabolism. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that the depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
Unmet expectations of adjustment and depressive symptoms among people with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury

Objective We attempted to gain a better understanding of overall adjustment among people with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) by identifying participants who experienced unmet expectations of adjustment to TSCI. We also examined the relationship between unmet expectations and depressive symptoms. Method This was a prospective cohort study. Participants who survived at least 1 year postinjury (N = 863) were assessed at 2 time points separated by 10 years. Using a 10-point ladder (1 = worst and 10 = best adjustment), self-predicted future adjustment was measured at Time 1. At Time 2, current adjustment was reassessed using the same scale to evaluate differences between predicted and actual adjustment. Adjustment expectations were considered unmet when actual adjustment ratings at Time 2 were lower than predicted adjustment at Time 1. We measured depressive symptoms by using the Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire at both time points. Results More than half of our participants experienced unmet expectations of adjustment over a 10-year period, and having unmet expectations was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Unmet expectations of adjustment after TSCI are common among those injured, and they are important predictors of depressive symptoms.
Handheld Technologies in a Clinical Setting State of the Technology and Resources

Handheld or palm-based computing technology, commonly known as personal digital assistants (PDAs), are having a tremendous impact in many personal, educational, and business settings. The potential is particularly compelling for healthcare, specifically in the clinical setting. By exploring the development of the technology, applications, and products, as well as issues regarding its use, a better understanding of this technology can be gained. The rapid acceptance and ongoing swift development of handheld computing technology is leading to an evolution in the way clinical data and information move to and from the bedside and into the patient record. This article focuses on three main areas related to PDAs: the development of the palm technology, its potential in clinical settings, and available specific resources.
Malaria prevention in travelers.

The prevention of malaria in travelers is becoming a more challenging clinical and public health problem because of the global development of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains of malaria and the increasing popularity of travel to exotic locales. Travelers can reduce their risk of acquiring malaria by using bed netting, wearing proper clothing and applying an insect repellent that contains N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Chloroquine, once the standard agent for weekly malaria prophylaxis, is no longer reliably effective outside the Middle East and Central America because of the emergence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Mefloquine is now the most effective and most recommended antimalarial agent on the U.S. market; however, the side effects of this agent have begun to limit its acceptance. Doxycycline is effective for malaria prophylaxis in travelers who are unable to take mefloquine. Daily proguanil taken in conjunction with weekly chloroquine is an option for pregnant patients traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Terminal prophylaxis with two weeks of primaquine phosphate can eliminate an asymptomatic carrier state and the later development of malaria in newly returned long-term travelers with probable exposure to Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale. Travelers who elect not to take an antimalarial agent or who are at high risk for malaria and are more than 24 hours from medical care can use self-treatment regimens such as those featuring pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine. Conventional agents may be contraindicated in certain travelers, especially pregnant women and small children, and several prophylactic agents are not available in the United States. Azithromycin and a number of malaria vaccines are currently under investigation.
Reliability Analysis of Structures Subjected to Dynamic Loadings Using Nonlinear Sfem

An efficient and accurate algorithm is proposed to estimate reliability in the time domain for complicated structural systems subjected to seismic loading considering major sources of nonlinearity. The proposed algorithm intelligently integrates the concepts of the response surface method, the iterative perturbation sensitivity analysis technique, the finite element method, and the first-order reliability method. This leads to the stochastic finite element concept. It has the potential to estimate the risk associated with any linear or nonlinear structure that can be represented by a finite element algorithm subjected to seismic loading or any short duration dynamic loadings. To increase its efficiency, the assumed stress-based finite element algorithm is used. The response surface is developed using the saturated and the central composite design concepts. The algorithm is explained with the help of an example. It is verified using the Monte Carlo simulation technique.
The influence of social context and absence of marijuana effects on human cooperative behavior

Five groups of three healthy adult males (n = 15) participated in experiments designed to investigate the effects of social and behavioral context on human cooperative behavior and to determine whether marijuana effects on cooperative behavior were influenced by these factors. Using a time-based contingency, participation on lower probability activities during 3-, 4-, or 6.5-hr sessions was maintained by points that were exchanged for time to engage in higher probability activities. High- and low-probability activities were maintained by paying subjects different amounts of money for working on tasks. Sessions were conducted in socially isolated rooms, and each subject chose whether points earned while engaged in lower probability activities would be equally distributed to all subjects (cooperation) or kept by each subject individually (noncooperation). Subjects could monitor each others’ choices by observing illuminated panels in their rooms. The number of points available for choosing the noncooperative option was manipulated across sessions. In addition, social interaction between subjects varied across studies. Cooperative and noncooperative choice patterns were similar across sessions for all three subjects in each study, as were total session earnings. Under conditions in which subjects could not interact, or could interact only minimally, choices for cooperative and noncooperative point-earning options were directly related to the number of points associated with the options. However, when subjects were allowed 6.5 hr of social interaction per day, between successive sessions, only the cooperative option was chosen, regardless of point conditions. Marijuana altered activity performance, but had no effect on choice patterns, or on session earnings, under any condition.
Targeting acute myeloid leukemia with TP53-independent vosaroxin

Vosaroxin is a quinolone compound that intercalates DNA and induces TP53-independent apoptosis, demonstrating activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Phase I–III trials. Here, we examine vosaroxin’s mechanism of action and pharmacology, and we review its use in AML to date, focusing on details of individual clinical trials. Most recently, when combined with cytarabine in a randomized Phase III trial (VALOR), vosaroxin improved outcomes versus cytarabine alone for relapsed/refractory AML in patients older than 60 years and for patients in early relapse. We consider its continued role in the context of a multifaceted strategy against AML, including its current use in clinical trials. Prospective use will define its role in the evolving landscape of AML therapy.
An exploratory study of current performance management practices: Human resource executives’ perspectives

A survey of performance management (PM) practices in 101 U.S. organizations explored whether their PM systems, as perceived by human resources (HR) executives, reflect the best practices advocated by researchers to provide a benchmark of current PM practices. Results suggest that many of the PM practices recommended in the research literature are employed across the organizations surveyed, but several gaps between research and practice remain. Results also indicated that the majority of PM systems are viewed by HR executives as effective and fair. Implications for the science and practice of PM are discussed.
Demandforce: Pursuing Entrepreneurial Dreams

This case lends itself to courses covering the topic of rapid expansion of an enterprise. By 2012, Rick Berry, the founder and CEO of Demandforce (DF), and his team had built a company with annual revenue of approximately $70 million. DF provided small businesses with software tools used by more than 23,000 individual businesses and 50,000 business users to communicate with their customers. DF's business model was software as a service (SaaS) for a monthly fee. The company's value creation for its clients was evidenced by a high client renewal rate of 88%. But after DF was acquired by Intuit in April 2012, Berry knew that the game had changed dramatically. He was now confronted with a new challenge—one he had never faced: building a big company. He had to take his business and grow it into one with $750 million of revenue as quickly as possible. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0198 Apr. 10, 2013 Demandforce: Pursuing Entrepreneurial Dreams Rick Berry, the founder and CEO of Demandforce (DF), sat in his sparsely decorated corner office in his company's downtown San Francisco location one morning in late June 2012 mentally retracing his unlikely journey from being a high school and college basketball star center from Detroit to graduating from the Darden School of Business to setting out in 1994 to pursue his dream of “going West young man” to Silicon Valley. On his way to Silicon Valley, he made a stop in Austin, Texas, where he worked for four and a half years for Trilogy Software getting his first entrepreneurial opportunity as that company's fortieth employee. Berry did eventually make it to Silicon Valley, where he took a familiar path of learning from failure, rebounding, and forming his next venture—DF—in his garage in 2003. With lessons learned, he and his team built a company over the next eight years that was acquired by Intuit in April 2012 for over $ 420 million (see Exhibit 1 for data revenue and number of employees over time). DF's 300 employees were focused on its purpose: providing small businesses with software tools to communicate with their customers, build a strong online reputation, and leverage network marketing. Its tools were used by more than 23,000 individual businesses and 50,000 business users including auto repair shops, salons and spas, dentists, chiropractors, and veterinarians. Its business model was software as a service (SaaS) for a monthly fee. DF's value creation for its clients was evidenced by a high client renewal rate of 88%. . . .
Practical dynamic element matching techniques for 3-level unit elements

• Optimized power consumption for DAC at low input level • Very effective first order DEM for the sub segment(s) • Very effective for DEM idle tone remedy • Trade off the gain accuracy across signal amplitude range (there is NO distortion because there is no switching back and forth between smaller DACs and the large DAC, on the fly). • Suitable for applications that require high AC linearity and not DC accuracy
Consultation with the specialist: palpitations, syncope, and sudden cardiac death in children: who's at risk?

1. Anjan S. Batra, MD* 2. Arno R. Hohn, MD† 1. *Division of Cardiology, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 2. †Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Clarify the definition and terminology of palpitations, syncope, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). 2. Differentiate the relatively benign forms of palpitations and syncope from those that are associated with an increased risk of SCD. 3. Characterize the evaluation for palpitations of cardiac origin. 4. Describe the management of neurally mediated syncope. 5. Discuss the structural heart diseases predisposing to sudden death. 6. Define the guidelines for participation in competitive athletics for children who have common cardiac problems. ### Patient 1 A 12-year-old female, who has a history of palpitations and exertional syncope, fainted while swimming. Her brother was near her and pulled her out of the water. The girl immediately regained consciousness and was found to have normal perfusion. The family history was significant for unexplained sudden death of the girl’s older brother. Findings on physical examination of the patient were normal. Results of chest radiography were normal, but electrocardiography (ECG) revealed a sinus rhythm, with a corrected Q-T interval of 0.52 seconds. ### Patient 2 A 16-year-old cross country runner had experienced several episodes of syncope. Each time she was caught prior to falling and was able to resume activities after some rest. Findings on her past medical history and family history were not significant. Physical examination results were normal. Chest radiography and ECG findings were normal, but a tilt table test showed onset of near-syncope accompanied by a significant decrease in the heart rate and blood pressure. The patient was started on a regimen of increased fluid intake and salt tablets prior to exercise. She has had no recurrences of syncope. Palpitations and syncope are frequent presenting complaints to the pediatrician. Although mostly benign, these worrisome symptoms may be the prodrome of significant cardiac events. The devastating result could be brain damage or SCD. It is important to differentiate the …
Two Red-Capped Robin-Chats Cossypha natalensis Imitate Antiphonal Duet of Black-Faced Rufous Warblers Bathmocercus rufus

ABSTRACT During my studies of primate behavioral ecology in the Kibale Forest, Uganda, I documented the first cases of red-capped robin-chats Cossypha natalensis imitating an antiphonal duet. In one case two individual robin chats imitated the entire duet of the black-faced rufous warbler Bathmocercus rufus, each giving both the male and female components. In a second case one robin chat gave the male components and another gave that of the female warbler. The lack of temporal separation between the male and female components of the warbler's antiphonal duet indicates an unusually high level of auditory perception and response time and cognitive ability on the part of redcapped robin-chats.
GIS Used to Derive Operational Hydrologic Products from in Situ and Remotely Sensed Snow Data

The National Weather Service (NWS) maintains the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, based in Minneapolis, to generate operational hydrologic products from in situ and remotely sensed snow cover data sets. The Center maintains an Airborne Snow Survey Program, a Satellite Hydrology Program, and a Snow Estimation and Updating Program. In all three programs, the Center relies heavily on the use of multiple Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to process, analyze, and distribute spatial snow cover data sets. Real-time, airborne snow water equivalent data and satellite areal extent of snow cover data are used operationally by the National Weather Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and other Federal, state, and private agencies when issuing spring flood outlooks, water supply outlooks, river and flood forecasts, and reservoir inflow forecasts. The remotely sensed and interpolated, gridded, snow water equivalent data products are generated by hydrologists in the Minneapolis office and distributed electronically, in near real-time, to NWS and non-NWS end-users in both alphanumeric and graphic format. The reliable, real-time, snow water equivalent information is critical to water managers and disaster emergency services officials who are required to make decisions with regard to snow melt flooding, reservoir regulation, and water supply allocation.
Reconstructing Integrin Activation In Vitro

Integrin activation leads to an increased affinity for the extracellular matrix and regulates many cellular processes such as cell adhesion and migration. To capture the process of integrin inside-out activation in a purified system, we describe here methods to isolate platelet αIIbβ3 integrins in the inactive state and to incorporate them into phospholipid nanodiscs each bearing a single lipid-embedded αIIbβ3 integrin. We delineate a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that can be used in conjunction with binding of an activation specific monoclonal antibody, PAC1, to monitor the affinity of the integrin before and after the addition of activators such as the Talin Head Domain (THD). The system has been used to show that binding of the THD to both the integrin and the phospholipid bilayer is necessary and sufficient to activate and promote molecular extension of unclustered integrins in the absence of force. This method can be used to test various integrin-binding proteins, membrane phospholipid compositions and different types of integrins. It can also serve as the nidus for synthetic assembly of adhesion plaque like complexes from purified proteins.
Energy by Design: Making Mitigation Work for Conservation and Development

The world faces a mass extinction event that threatens 10–30 percent of all mammal, bird, and amphibian species (Wilson 1992 Novacek and Cleland 2001 Kiesecker et al. 2004 Levin and Levin 2004). Anthropogenic stres-sors, such as invasive species, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change, contribute to the crisis, but habitat destruction is by far the most influential factor in this unprecedented loss of biodiversity (Vitousek et al. 1997b Hardner and Rice 2002). Development pressures will increase dramatically if global economic growth doubles by 2030 as expected (World Bank 2007), and unprecedented investment in energy development—more than $20 trillion—will be needed to support this growth, especially in developing countries (International Energy Agency 2007). This surge in development will only accelerate habitat destruction. Thus, given the importance of economic development for improving human well-being, substantial improvement in our ability to balance development needs with environmental conservation is crucial.
Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization and Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Urinary Phenmetrazine After Derivatization with 4-Carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl Chloride—A New Derivative

Phenmetrazine is a central nervous system stimulant currently used as an anorectic agent. The drug is abused and is reported to cause death from overdose. We describe a new derivatization method for phenmetrazine using 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride. Quantitation of urinary phenmetrazine can be easily achieved by using N-ethyl amphetamine as an internal standard. The electron ionization mass spectrum of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl derivative of phenmetrazine showed a molecular ion at m/z 427 and a base peak at m/z 70. In the methane chemical ionization mass spectrum, the base peak was observed at m/z 428 (protonated molecular ion). In the electron ionization mass spectrum of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl derivative of the internal standard, N-ethyl amphetamine we did not observe a molecular ion. However, in the chemical ionization mass spectrum, the protonated molecular ion at m/z 414 was the base peak. The retention time of derivatized phenmetrazine (8.4 min) was substantially longer than the retention time of the underivatized molecule. Moreover, underivatized phenmetrazine showed poor peak shape (substantial tailing) while derivatized phenmetrazine had excellent chromatographic properties. The within-run and between-run precisions of the assay were 2.6% and 3.1% respectively at a urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 10 micrograms/mL. The assay was linear for urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 1 to 100 micrograms/mL with a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/mL.
Fake Facts - An Incredulous Look at Piracy Statistics in India

This paper is an attempt to uncover the manner in which the avalanche of piracy statistics has successfully wrestled control over the boundaries within which piracy may be discussed in the press. “Piracy statistics” today are only reflective of the quantity of ‘pirates’ and do not tell us, for instance, the caste-wise or age-wise or monthly-income-wise demographic of these pirates. They do not prompt a deeper reflection on issues such as endemic unemployment, affordability and access to culture, and have been remarkably successful in sustaining media attention on a drummed up notion of national loss . In doing so, they have also had astonishing success in perpetuating the image of their own value-neutrality. This chapter attempts to investigate what this body of piracy accounts continuously told, revised and retold in newspapers over the past decade can reveal to us.
Aspiring world language teachers: Their influences, perceptions, and commitment to teaching

Abstract At a time of critical shortage of world language teachers, limited research is available to guide recruitment initiatives. In response, researchers administered the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice) scale to world language teacher candidates across the United States and interviewed a subset of respondents to investigate their motivations for becoming world language teachers. This mixed methods analysis suggested motivation factors in common with other disciplines, factors unique to world language, and possible career deterrents. Results also indicated a possible relationship between several motivational influences and perceptions and commitment to the profession.
Nanoscale Temperature Study of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Using NaYF4:Yb 3+ :Er 3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles

In this chapter, we study the potential of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals and decorated β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for temperature measurement at the nanoscale. We measure the temperature dependence in the temporal response of the green emission for both the H band (2H11/2 → 4I15/2 transition) and the S band (4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition) for β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals decorated with 10 nm gold nanoparticles and found that the emission is quenched with temperature. Time-resolved measurements showed that the decay lifetime of UCNP/GNPs is bi-exponential with a dominant decay time an order of magnitude faster than the longer decay time around 300 μs. The UCNPs have a single exponential decay with a long decay time of ~175 μs. We measure the steady-state emission from the H and S band for UCNPs and UCNP/GNPs for temperatures between 300 and 450 K and obtain a linear relationship between the calculated and measured temperatures showing that quenching of the H and S bands does not affect the ability of UCNP/GNPs and UCNPs to be used as thermal sensors. This chapter is reprinted (adapted) with permission from ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(7), pp 1864–1869. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society.
A novel population of long-range inhibitory neurons

The hippocampus, a brain region important for spatial navigation and episodic memory, benefits from a rich diversity of neuronal cell-types. Recent work suggests fundamental gaps in our knowledge of these basic building blocks (i.e., neuronal types) in the hippocampal circuit, despite extensive prior examination. Through the use of an intersectional genetic viral vector approach, we report a novel hippocampal neuronal population, which has not previously been characterized, and which we refer to as LINCs. LINCs are GABAergic, but, in addition to broadly targeting local CA1 cells, also have long-range axons. LINCs are thus both interneurons and projection neurons. We demonstrate that LINCs, despite being relatively few in number, can have a strong influence on both hippocampal and extrahippocampal network synchrony and function. Identification and characterization of this novel cell population advances our basic understanding of both hippocampal circuitry and neuronal diversity.
Exchange rate disconnect and private information: What can we learn from Euro-Dollar tweets?

Abstract We use Twitter opinions about the Euro-Dollar exchange rate to estimate the private information model of Bacchetta and van Wincoop (2006) and investigate the disconnect between the exchange rate and macro fundamentals over both short and long horizons. We simulate the model with the estimated parameters and replicate the methodology of three studies that document the disconnect empirically. The model is consistent with the findings of the empirical literature, though for a different reason over short than long horizons. Over short horizons private information generates a true disconnect between exchange rates and macro fundamentals that accounts for empirical findings. Over long horizons the theory shows that exchange rate changes are mostly driven by observed fundamentals, but empirical limitations in identifying this long-run relationship often lead to an appearance of disconnect in the data.
Constant temperature hot-wire anemometer practice in supersonic flows

The performance of a constant-temperature normal hotwire in a supersonic flow is critically examined. It is shown that this instrument is inherently unsuitable for measuring turbulent temperature correlations because of the highly non-linear response to temperature fluctuations, particularly at low overheat ratios. The instrument is therefore limited to measurements of mean and fluctuating mass-flow rates. Suitable calibration procedures. as well as the limits on spatial and temporal resolution are discussed. and corrections for mean stagnation temperature changes are suggested. The instrument was used to measure the mass-flow fluctuations in a zero pressure gradient Mach 2.9 turbulent boundary layer. A comparison with the available data suggests good agreement.
Loss of Habitat Leads to Bigger Toads and Bigger Eggs: Natural Area Management Predictions for the Eastern American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)

Reproductive characteristics of the Eastern American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus americanus) vary geographically across its broad eastern North American range. Northern populations are known to breed for a shorter period that begins later in the season (April and/or May) than southern populations that can begin in winter and last until April. Delayed maturity and larger minimum body size are also associated with northern populations. Specimens collected during two years of systematic trapping during 1982–1983 at the Powdermill Nature Reserve (PNR), Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, were examined to test predictions of geographic patterns associated with reproduction and growth of a southwestern Pennsylvania population. The results indicate a short egg laying season in May, large adult body size, and delayed maturity. An apparent response to northern Allegheny climate, the reproductive-related patterns of this population were similar to those of other northern regions rather than populations at similar latitudes within Pennsylvania. Eastern American Toads collected from a breeding site at PNR in 2014 were larger in body size, clutch size, and egg size than those of the 1982–1983 study. Most notably, loss of open breeding habitat in the 30+ years between sampling periods resulted in fewer larger toads producing on average larger eggs and twice the clutch size than counterparts studied during earlier successional series of this study site. These differences quantify geographic and temporal variability in life history traits of an ecologically versatile and geographically widespread species and provide landscape-wide predictions of life history responses by the Eastern American Toad to natural or human-mediated changes to natural areas.
Is Open Visitation Really "Open" in Adult Intensive Care Units in the United States?

Background Evidence indicates that open visitation in adult intensive care units is a best practice for patient- and family-centered care, and nurses substantially influence such visitation patterns. However, it is unclear whether intensive care units in Magnet and Pathway to Excellence (MPE) facilities nationwide implement this in practice. Objective To describe current national visitation practices in adult intensive care units and determine whether they have changed since the last national study, which used data from 2008 to 2009. Methods From February through April 2018, websites of MPE hospitals were reviewed in order to identify their adult intensive care unit visitation policy. If this information was unavailable online, the hospital was telephoned to obtain the policy. From May through August 2018, follow-up telephone calls were made to hospitals that reported open visitation, during which intensive care unit nurses at the hospitals were asked to verify that the policy did not restrict visiting hours or the number, type, or age of visitors. Results Among the 536 MPE hospitals contacted, 51% (n = 274) indicated that they allowed open visitation. Further examination, however, revealed that 64% (n = 175) restricted the number (68.2%), age (59.5%), or type (4.4%) of visitors, or visiting hours (19.8%). Only 18.5% of MPE hospitals (n = 99) allowed unrestricted visitation. Conclusion This study suggests a lack of progress toward implementing open visitation in adult intensive care units nationwide. Research on MPE hospitals that have adopted truly open visitation policies is needed to identify successful methods for implementing and sustaining open visitation.
Polarization of Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes Through TRAM-Mediated Up-Regulation of Keap1 by Super-Low Dose Endotoxin

Subclinical endotoxemia [low levels of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in the blood stream] has been correlated with chronic inflammatory diseases, with less-understood mechanisms. We have previously shown that chronic exposure to super low doses of LPS polarizes monocytes/macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state characterized by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory regulators such as p62 and simultaneous down-regulation of anti-inflammatory/resolving regulators such as Nrf2. Building upon this observation, here we show that chronic exposure to super-low doses of LPS leads to accumulation of the Nrf2-inhibitory protein Keap1 in murine monocytes. This is accompanied by increases of p62 and MLKL, consistent with a disruption of autolysosome function in polarized monocytes challenged by super-low dose LPS. Monocytes subjected to persistent super-low dose LPS challenge also accumulate higher levels of IKKβ. As a consequence, SLD-LPS challenge leads to an inflammatory monocyte state represented by higher expression of the inflammatory marker Ly6C as well as lower expression of the anti-inflammatory marker CD200R. Further analysis revealed that Keap1 levels are significantly enriched in the Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocyte population. Finally, we show that the TLR4 signaling adaptor TRAM is essential for these effects. Together our study provides novel insight into signaling mechanisms behind low-grade inflammatory monocyte polarization unique to chronic super-low dose LPS exposure.
Outcomes of laparoscopic continent catheterizable conduit procedures in children with neurogenic bladder: An 8-year experience in a single center

Summary Background The continent catheterizeable conduit (CCC) procedure plays an important role in the treatment of children with neurogenic bladder. Laparoscopic procedures offer significant benefits; however, the potential complications should not be ignored. Objective By comparing the complications of CCC in laparoscopic and open neurogenic bladder operations in our center, we aimed to explore the advantages of laparoscopic CCC construction in children. Study design All the cases of neurogenic bladder who had undergone laparoscopic or open lower urinary tract reconstruction at our hospital from June 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the rates of various complications in the laparoscopic and open groups as well as the appendix and Yang-Monti groups. Results 61 patients were included in this study. Laparoscopic CCC procedure was performed in 45 cases, 9 were converted to open owing to other combined procedures. Open CCC construction was performed in 16 cases. The mean follow-up time was 4.5 years. Catheterization was safe and uneventful in 72.1% of patients. Complications occurred in 17 cases, including stoma stenosis (n = 5), leakage (n = 5), mucosal prolapse (n = 3), conduit atresia (n = 3), and angulation of the conduit (n = 1). Eleven cases received surgical revision. There were no statistically significant differences in complication type or rate in the laparoscopic and open group, or in the appendix and Yang-Monti group. Discussion Although our study showed a notable complication rate associated with CCC, this did not differ for open and laparoscopic procedures, and laparoscopic procedures can achieve satisfactory results comparable to open procedures. Conclusion From our single center's experience of lower urinary tract reconstruction, laparoscopic CCC surgery has a shorter hospital stay and no more complications than the open procedure. It is a safe and feasible procedure in children. Download : Download high-res image (299KB) Download : Download full-size image
Affect Theory in Reading Research: Imagining the Radical Difference

Working through four key tenets of Deleuze–Guattarian theory, the authors describe how contemporary affect theory offers a radically different perspective on reading. Asking how we can conceptualiz...
Calibration of Wideband Autocorrelation Radiometer with a Comb Filter for RFI Mitigation

This paper presents a new calibration for a microwave radiometric technique known as time domain wideband autocorrelation radiometry (TD-WiBAR). TD-WiBAR is a new method which can measure the thickness of low-loss layers, such as snow and ice packs, in the time domain which is faster than in the frequency domain. We propose a new comb filter which acts like a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) in optics for suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) in the received spectrum of the WiBAR.
Combined liver-kidney transplantation with positive crossmatch: Role of delayed kidney transplantation.

Abstract Background Positive crossmatch (XM+) combined liver–kidney transplantation due to preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies has produced mixed results. We sought to understand the role of delayed kidney transplant approach in XM+ combined liver–kidney transplantations. Methods XM+ combined liver–kidney transplantations were retrospectively reviewed. T- and B-cell XM, complement-dependent cytotoxic crossmatch, and flow cytometric crossmatch were performed prospectively. Results Of 183 combined liver-kidney transplantations performed (2002–2019), 114 (62%) were with “delayed” kidney transplant approach and 19 (19 of 183, 10%) were XM+. Of 19 XM+ combined liver–kidney transplantations, kidney transplant was “delayed” in 14 by an average of 47 hours (range 24–64 hours) from liver transplant. There was a significant reduction in both class I (mean pre–liver transplant mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 26,230 versus mean post–liver transplant and pre–delayed kidney transplant MFI 3,272, P = .01) and total MFI (mean pre–liver transplant MFI 27,233 vs mean post liver transplant and predelayed kidney transplant MFI 11,469, P = .01). However, there was no significant change in the MFI of class II donor-specific antibodies (mean pre–liver transplant MFI 17,899 versus post-liver transplant and pre–delayed kidney transplant MFI 14,341, P = .19). None of XM+ delayed kidney transplants had delayed graft function, and there was no antibody-mediated rejection. One-year patient survival for the XM+ combined liver–kidney transplantation with delayed kidney transplant approach was 92.9%, which is comparable to patient survival of XM– combined liver–kidney transplantation. Whereas patient survival in recipients before “delayed” approach (“simultaneous”; n = 5) was 40% when liver–kidney transplants were performed simultaneously (P = .06). Conclusion In sensitized combined liver-kidney transplantation recipients, the “delayed” kidney transplant approach is associated with a significant reduction in total and class I donor-specific antibodies after liver transplant before kidney transplant, enabling therapeutic interventions such as plasmapheresis, if needed, providing optimal outcomes similar to crossmatch recipients.
Trends in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Scores Exist Between Day of Surgical Scheduling and Day of Surgery.

Purpose To examine trends in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores among orthopedic sports medicine patients undergoing surgery who completed PROMIS forms both in the ambulatory (preoperative) setting at the time of surgical scheduling, as well as on the day of surgery (perioperative) prior to their procedure. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing various sports medicine-related surgeries were recruited. Patients were included if they were scheduled for surgery and completed preoperative PROMIS on the day of surgical scheduling and on the day of surgery. Patients were excluded if they refused the questionnaire or had been administered perioperative anesthesia, which would interfere with questionnaire completion. Paired samples t-tests were run between preoperative and perioperative PROMIS scores to determine statistical significance. Results 153 patients were included with an average age of 46.5 years. The average (SD) time between completion of PROMIS questionnaires was 46.5 (44.4) days. The absolute value change in scores between preoperative and perioperative visits was 4.09 for PROMIS UE, 3.59 for PROMIS PF, 3.67 for PROMIS PI, and 4.13 for PROMIS D. The overall net change of scores between preoperative and perioperative visits were −.57 for PROMIS UE CAT, .16 points for PROMIS PF CAT, −.85 points for PROMIS PI CAT, and −2.14 points for PROMIS D CAT. Statistically significant differences in preoperative and perioperative PROMIS PI (P =.042) and PROMIS D (P =.004) scores were found. Conclusions Health states—as measured by PROMIS CAT forms completed among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery—can either improve or worsen preoperatively between the time of administration in both the ambulatory and perioperative setting. Despite the existence of these preoperative trends, it is important to consider patient and surgery-specific causes, such as the anatomic region, type of surgical intervention, and timing of preoperative PROMIS administration. Level of Evidence III, prognostic
Eye Gazing Behaviors in Online Deception

Psychophysiological behaviors of deceivers have been used as an effective leakage channel of face-toface deception. Among various psychophysiological behaviors, eye movement has been identified as one of the most reliable sources of deception behavior in face-to-face communication. However, empirical studies of eye movement behavior in online deception remain scarce. In this research, we investigated eye gazing behaviors of deceivers in online video chatting. Based on the findings of previous deception studies and the unique characteristics of online video chatting, we hypothesized that online deception has an impact on eye gazing behaviors. In addition, we innovatively operationalized eye gazing behaviors in terms of areas of interest. We conducted a lab-based experiment to test the hypotheses. The results supported the effect of deception on eye gazing behaviors. The findings of this study provide insights on how to improve the performance of online deception detection and how to apply eye tracking technologies to understand emerging human behaviors in online communication.
Spinoza on Human Freedom: Reason, Autonomy and the Good Life

Abbreviations and translations Introduction: beyond therapy 1. Freedom as rationality 2. Justifying Spinoza's conception of freedom 3. Autonomy and responsibility 4. Freedom and happiness 5. The good 6. The natural law 7. Benevolence 8. The free man 9. Rational deliberation 10. The character of freedom 11. The freedom of the citizen Conclusion: 'the true freedom of man' Bibliography Index.
A Schottky barrier diode ultra-wideband amplitude modulation (AM) detector in foundry CMOS technology

Utility of Schottky diodes fabricated in foundry digital 130-nm CMOS technology is demonstrated by implementing an ultra-wideband (UWB) amplitude modulation detector consisting of a low noise amplifier (LNA), a Schottky diode rectifier, and a low-pass filter. The detector is matched to 50 /spl Omega/, from 0-10.3 GHz and 0-1.7 GHz at the input and output, respectively and almost covers the entire UWB frequency range (3.1-10.7 GHz). The measured peak conversion gain is -2.2 dB, the sensitivity over the band is between -53 and -56 dBm, and power consumption is only 8.5 mW.
Improved High-Confinement Mode with Neon Injection in the DIII-D Tokamak

The first observation of a high-confinement mode with reduced energy transport in both the center and the edge induced by the injection of neon impurities is reported in this paper. This improved high mode develops from an improved low-confinement mode. Linear growth rate calculations indicate that a new theoretical mechanism, the stabilization of high wave number drift waves by impurities, is at work, combined with {bold E}{times}{bold B} velocity shear suppression of low wave number instabilities. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Acute Pulmonary Edema (APE) in rats I. Seasonal alteration of response

Abstract During experiments designed to determine the effect of insulin on local and systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the rat (1,2,3) an unexpected effect of insulin, or insulin and Old Tuberculin in combination, was encountered in the fall of the year. The reactions seen were apparently due to a seasonal variation in behavior and metabolism, a very common problem 'found by those working with rats and mice, which can occur in either the spring or fall. The following is a description of the initial experiments in which the presence of a syndrome, since proven to be related to sulfur deficiency, was established.
Provisional quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the aschoff effect in RI mice

Mice of the CXB recombinant inbred (RI) panel were phenotyped for period of locomotor activity in continuous dark (tau) and in continuous 10-lux light (tauLL). There were significant differences in the effect of light on period, delta tau (tauLL-tau), among CXB RI strains and their progenitors. By comparing strain means for delta tau in the CXB RI strains with typed genetic loci using a product moment correlation, it was possible to hypothesize quantitative trait loci (QTL) important to the genetic variance in the effect of constant low-level light on circadian period. Some of the candidate genes linked to statistically associated markers are neuropharmacologically interesting. Provisional QTL for delta tau were found on proximal Chromosome 8 and mid Chromosome 11 in regions near QTL identified in a similar analysis of the BXD RI panel. This provides additional evidence for the importance of loci on Chromosomes 8 and 11.
Use of the JVM at twitter: a bird's eye view

Specialties:15+ years of virtual machine implementation experience with special focus on memory management / garbage collection. Close to 20 years of C/C++ experience. 15+ years of Java experience. Expert in concurrent/parallel programming.