cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the 177Hafnium-containing decay products of 177Lu-AMBA (AMBA = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzoyl]-QWAVGHLM-NH2)

380 Objectives: In this study we investigated the fate of the 177Hafnium (177Hf) that forms upon decay of 177Lu-AMBA, a peptide-derivatized DO3A complex that is being studied for the radiotherapeutic treatment of tumors that express the GRP receptor. Methods: HPLC-purified 177Lu-AMBA (621.6 MBq) in stabilizing buffer was stored for 43 days at -20°C. During this time two new nonradioactive peaks formed that we postulated might be isomers of Hf-AMBA. They were isolated and interconversion studies performed using HPLC. Synthesis of a Hf-AMBA standard was attempted by reaction of HfCl4 with AMBA in various solvents. The Hf-AMBA products formed in DMF were purified by HPLC, characterized (elemental analysis, NMR, MS) and coinjected with the products from 177Lu-AMBA decay. Results: In two HPLC methods, the two Lu-AMBA decay products coeluted with a standard of Hf-AMBA made by heating AMBA with HfCl4 in DMF; Hf-AMBA did not form in H20. Analysis results (CHNF) for the Hf-AMBA standard were consistent with its formulation as Hf(IV)AMBA.3TFA.6H2O. The two peaks formed underwent slow interconversion when isolated. By LC/MS, both had a molecular weight (m/z) consistent with formulation as Hf-AMBA. The Hf-AMBA 1H and 13C NMR spectra had chemical shifts similar to those of Lu-AMBA. The ability to obtain an NMR indicated that the Hf is diamagnetic, consistent with Hf(IV), not Hf(III). Conclusions: To our knowledge, the fate of hafnium that forms on decay of 177Lu while the Lu is complexed to a chelator has not been reported. As a result of this study, we conclude that when 177Lu in 177Lu-AMBA undergoes β- decay in H20, the resulting 177Hf is retained in the DO3A-acetyl chelator, but oxidizes from Hf(III) to Hf(IV), forming a stable pair of interconverting isomers.
Numerical modeling of transient plume impingement during high altitude rocket staging

The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to model a transient stage separation of a generic sounding rocket at 100 km. Lower stage movement is included, and the o w and surface properties are simulated over the rst second after thruster ignition. Both liquid and solid propellant thrusters are examined with a thrust of 25 kN and 34 kN, respectively. Four dieren t simulation scenarios are considered that allow analysis of the impact of the stage motion, explcitly including unsteady o w eects. Unsteady o w eects are small enough that quasi-steady state modeling appears to be adequate for this general staging scenario. The inuence of DSMC statistical uctuations on the stage trajectory is insignican t compared to the total contribution of the plume force. We also examine the radiation environment, including the plume-atmosphere shock and plume-lower stage impingement.
Midlife Eriksonian Psychosocial Development: Setting the Stage for Late-Life Cognitive and Emotional Health.

Erikson's (1950) model of adult psychosocial development outlines the significance of successful involvement within one's relationships, work, and community for healthy aging. He theorized that the consequences of not meeting developmental challenges included stagnation and emotional despair. Drawing on this model, the present study uses prospective longitudinal data to examine how the quality of assessed Eriksonian psychosocial development in midlife relates to late-life cognitive and emotional functioning. In particular we were interested to see whether late-life depression mediated the relationship between Eriksonian development and specific domains of cognitive functioning (i.e., executive functioning and memory). Participants were 159 men from the over-75 year longitudinal Study of Adult Development. The sample was comprised of men from both higher and lower socioeconomic strata. Eriksonian psychosocial development was coded from men's narrative responses to interviews between the ages of 30-47 (Vaillant & Milofsky, 1980). In late life (ages 75-85) men completed a performance-based neuropsychological assessment measuring global cognitive status, executive functioning, and memory. In addition depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Our results indicated that higher midlife Eriksonian psychosocial development was associated with stronger global cognitive functioning and executive functioning, and lower levels of depression 3 to 4 decades later. There was no significant association between Eriksonian development and late-life memory. Late-life depression mediated the relationship between Eriksonian development and both global cognition and executive functioning. All of these results controlled for highest level of education and adolescent intelligence. Findings have important implications for understanding the lasting benefits of psychosocial engagement in mid-adulthood for late-life cognitive and emotional health. In addition, it may be that less successful psychosocial development increases levels of depression making individuals more vulnerable to specific areas of cognitive decline.
Survival analysis techniques in clinical research

In clinical research the outcome of interest has increasingly become the duration until an event occurs. That is, an analysis of the time until an event occurs. Such events include the time to respond to treatment, relapse-free survival time, time to death, time to device failure, and time to regain mobility. Since traditional statistical methods cannot be used to examine such outcomes, survival analysis techniques were developed and have proven to be very useful for studying these outcomes. This paper aims to introduce and explain the basic concepts of survival analysis. Most survival analyses seen in the literature utilize Kaplan-Meier plots, logrank tests, and Cox (proportional hazards) regression. We will discuss the background and interpretation of these methods. In addition, we demonstrate how to produce survival curves, and how to quantify and test survival differences between two or more groups of patients. An increased understanding of results from survival analyses will aid clinicians and clinical researchers. Furthermore, utilizing survival analysis techniques may allow researchers to perform more powerful studies.
Comparison of cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Sixty-two patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated randomly with either cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil. The patients were classified as haVing either an objective remission or a failure of treatment by accepted techniques. Eleven of 30 patients responded to 5-fluorouracil, and 7 of 32 responded to cyclophosphamide. These differences are not significant. Subsequently, each patient was treated with the other agent, and 4 of 32 responded to 5-fluorouracil, and 7 of 30 responded to cyclophosphamide. Thus, a total of 14 patients experienced clinical remissions of their disease with cyclophosphamide, and 15 had remissions with 5-fluorouracil. Of the 18 patients responding to the first agent, 7 experienced objective regressions with the second agent, whereas only 4 of the 44 patients failing to respond to the first agent experienced objective remissions with the second agent. This difference was significant at p < 0.02. Factors such as menopausal age of patient, site of the dominant lesion, and response to prior hormonal therapy were of no value in predicting response to these two agents. Survival of the patients after the start of chemotherapy was 14.7 ± 10.2 months for patients responding to both agents, 10.5 ± 9.0 months for patients responding to the first agent only, 6.2 ± 12.8 months for patients responding to the second agent only, and 5.2 ± 4.5 months for patients responding to neither agent. Subjective improvement correlated well with objective improvement, but some patients failing to respond to therapy experienced temporary subjective improvement.
Thermodynamic Critical Field of Y1Ba2Cu3O7

The thermodynamic critical field curve has been measured for Y1Ba2Cu3O7 close to the superconducting transition temperature in order to determine the magnitude of the specific heat jump at the transition. The slope of the critical field curve is found to be 165 0e/K, which corresponds to a specific heat jump of 680 mJ/moleCuK. If the BCS theory applies, this would also imply a density of electronic states of 3.39 states per electron volt-unit cell and the Sommerfeld term, γ=5.3 mJ/moleCuK2.
Doped strontium vanadate: Computational design of a stable, low work function material

In this work, we have built upon our previous discovery of strontium vanadate (SrVO 3 ) as a new, low work function electron emission material. Using Density Functional Theory methods, we have alloyed pure SrVO 3 with 46 different elements and predicted work function changes from pure SrVO 3 using the oxygen 2p energy states as a bulk electronic structure descriptor. We have shown that bulk doping of SrVO 3 is not expected to result in a lowered work function. Instead, it is purely by enhancement of surface dipoles that Ba, when residing directly at the emitting surface, creates an ultra-low predicted work function of just 1.07 eV. In addition, thermodynamic phase stability calculations under realistic cathode operating conditions demonstrate that small additions of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Mo on the SrVO 3 B-site may further improve the stability of SrVO 3 while maintaining its metallic conductivity.
Analysing RateMyProfessors Evaluations Across Institutions, Disciplines, and Cultures: The Tell-Tale Signs of a Good Professor

Can we tell a good professor from their students’ comments? And are there differences between what is considered to be a good professor by different student groups? We use a large corpus of student evaluations collected from the RateMyProfessors website, covering different institutions, disciplines, and cultures, and perform several comparative experiments and analyses aimed to answer these two questions. Our results indicate that (1) we can reliably classify good professors from poor professors with an accuracy of over 90 %, and (2) we can separate the evaluations made for good professors by different groups with accuracies in the range of 71–89 %. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis performed using topic modeling highlights the aspects of interest for different student groups.
Nonlinearities in response of insulators to ionizing radiation

The conductivity induced in insulators by exposure to ionizing radiation can be described by considering a three-stage process: generation of free carriers (electrons and holes) by the radiation, the motion of these free carriers under the influence of density gradients (diffusion) and electric fields (drift), and the immobilization of the carriers by trapping at defect sites or by electron — hole recombination. These same processes have been discussed for the production of conductivity in insulating materials by optical and ultraviolet illumination. Experimental results on photoconductivity1 have shown that the magnitude of the electrical conductivity is not necessarily proportional to the instantaneous optical intensity. Instead, both sublinear and superlinear responses have been observed. In general, these nonlinearities have been explained by postulating that the occupancy of the finite number of available carrier-trapping sites is changed as the number of carriers flowing into them is increased by increasing the illumination. As a result, the number of sites available for trapping extra carriers changes and the mean lifetime of the extra carriers may either increase or decrease with increasing illumination. The same model has been applied to conductivity produced by ionizing radiation.2 Similar nonlinearities have been observed in experiments performed with high-energy ionizing radiation, such as electrons, gamma rays, χ rays from bremsstrahlung produced by high-energy electrons, protons, and ionizing recoils from fast neutron collisions. In a fashion similar to the photoconductivity theories, it has been assumed that the ionization-induced conductivity could be described by a power law, σ = KDδ, where Κ is a constant characteristic of the material, D is the instantaneous ionization dose rate, and δ is a power in the vicinity of one usually lying between 0. 5 and 1.2.
Elizabeth I & Her Circle, by Doran, Susan: Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015

Susan Doran has a well-established reputation for approaching the study of Elizabeth I through specialized topics such as foreign policy, marriage, and religion. In Elizabeth I & Her Circle, the le...
Network embedding operations preserving the insufficiency of linear network codes

Operations for extending/embedding a smaller network into a larger network that preserve the insufficiency of classes of linear network codes are presented. Linear network codes over some finite field are said to be sufficient for a network if and only if for every point in the network coding rate region, there exists a code over that finite field to achieve it. Three operations are defined, and it is proven that they have the desired inheritance property, both for scalar linear network codes and for vector linear network codes, separately. Experimental results on the rate regions of multilevel diversity coding systems (MDCS), a sub-class of the broader family of multi-source multi-sink networks with special structure, are presented for demonstration. These results demonstrate that these notions of embedding operations enable one to investigate the existences of small numbers of forbidden network minors for sufficiency of linear network codes over a given field.
The benefits of data linkage for firefighter injury surveillance

Background While survey data are available for national estimates of fire events and firefighter fatalities, data on firefighter injury at the national and local levels remain incomplete and unreliable. Data linkage provides a vehicle to maximise case detection and deepen injury description for the US fire service. Methods By linking departmental Human Resources records, despatch data, workers9 compensation and first reports of injury, researchers were able to describe reported non-fatal injuries to 3063 uniformed members of the Philadelphia Fire Department (PFD), for the period of 2005 through 2013. Results Among all four databases, the overall linkage rate was 56%. Among three of the four databases, the linkage rate was 88%. Because there was duplication of some variables among the datasets, we were able to deeply describe all the linked injuries in the master database. 45.5% of uniformed PFD members reported at least one injury during the study period. Strains, falls, burns and struck-by injuries were the most common causes. Burns resulted in the highest lost time claim payout, and strains accounted for the highest medical claim cost. More than 70% of injuries occurred in the first 15 years of experience. Discussion Data linkage provided three new benefits: (1) creation of a new variable—years of experience, (2) reduction of misclassification bias when determining cause of injury, leading to more accurate estimates of cost and (3) visualisation of injury rates when controlling for the number of fire department responses, allowing for the generation of hypotheses to investigate injury hot spots.
Crystal Structure of Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase (CPO).

Abstract CPO, an essential enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of two propionate side chains of coproporphyrinogen III to form vinyl groups in the product protoporphyrinogen IX. CPO mutations are responsible for the disease hereditary coproporphyria. All eukaryotes express a highly conserved, oxygen-dependant form of CPO. Yeast and human CPO have a sequence identity of 52% at the amino acid level. To probe the biochemical basis of catalytic activity and to determine the deleterious effects of clinically identified mutations, we determined the crystal structure of CPO from S. cerevisiae. This is the first reported structure of a eukaryotic CPO. A cDNA encoding CPO (Hem13p) was expressed in E. coli as a histidine tagged protein. Hem13p was purified and concentrated to 25 mg/ml and crystals were grown in the presence of 18% PEG 8000, 0.1 M HEPES, pH 7.5, 2% isopropanol, 0.2 M Na-acetate. The crystal structure was determined by optimized sulfur anomalous scattering and refined to a resolution of 2.0 A. The protein folds into a novel structure featuring a central flat seven-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet flanked on each side with helices. The homodimeric structure of CPO is formed by a short isolated strand that forms a beta-ladder between the two monomers. Each monomer contains an active site formed between the flat beta-sheet and adjacent helices near the dimer interface. Many of the conserved residues are located at this interface. The deep active site cleft is lined by conserved residues and has been captured in an open and a closed conformation in two different crystal forms. The substrate cavity is completely buried in the closed conformation by an approximate 8 A movement of a helix that forms a lid over the active site. The volume of the enclosed cavity precisely accommodates a modeled molecule of coproporphyrinogen III. The model indicates binding of two propionate side chains of coproporphyrinogen with two invariant arginines. The pyrrole nitrogens of the substrate are positioned to be coordinated by an invariant asparagine in a fashion similar to that described for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EMBO J, 2003, 22: 6225–33). Nineteen point mutations have been described in association with hereditary coproporphyria and we have mapped these to the crystal structure. Only two mapped to the active site. Fourteen mutations were predicted to destabilize the protein and 4 of these occur at the dimer interface. Three mutations mapped to the solvent exposed surface of CPO. The crystal structure supports a model in which the enzymatic reaction occurs in an isolated cavity formed by a conformational change induced by substrate binding. The conformational change could create a binding site for molecular oxygen, the cofactor, and provide a mechanism to protect coproporphyrinogen III from inappropriate oxidation and the subsequent peroxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX.
A cost-effective protocol for the over-expression and purification of fully-functional and more stable Erwinia chrysanthemi ligand-gated ion channel

The Erwinia chrysanthemi ligand-gated ion channel, ELIC, is considered an excellent structural and functional surrogate for the whole pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family. Despite its simplicity, ELIC is structurally capable of undergoing ligand-dependent activation and a concomitant desensitization process. To determine at the molecular level the structural changes underlying ELIC's function, it is desirable to produce large quantities of protein. This protein should be properly folded, fully-functional and amenable to structural determinations. In the current paper, we report a completely new protocol for the expression and purification of milligram quantities of fully-functional, more stable and crystallizable ELIC. The use of an autoinduction media and inexpensive detergents during ELIC extraction, in addition to the high-quality and large quantity of the purified channel, are the highlights of this improved biochemical protocol.
Oncostatin M promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction and is elevated in eosinophilic mucosal disease (HYP7P.255)

Epithelial barrier dysfunction is thought to play a role in many mucosal diseases including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Oncostatin M (OSM), was elevated in both mRNA (28.3 fold, p<.01, n=12) and protein (4.4 fold, p<.05, n=12-19) in the nasal polyps of CRS patients compared to control tissue. OSM protein was also elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of allergic asthma (AA) patients following segmental allergen challenge (SAC) vs. saline challenge (14 fold, p<.0001). Additionally, OSM mRNA was elevated in esophageal biopsies of EoE patients vs. controls, (3 fold, p<.01). OSM stimulation of differentiated airway epithelium induced barrier dysfunction, as measured by decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (63% reduction, p<.0001, n=11) and increased permeability to 10kD dextran (2.45 fold, p<.05, n=5). Staining for the tight junction protein, occludin showed that OSM stimulation of differentiated airway epithelium impaired the organization of the tight junctions compared to unstimulated controls (n=5). Levels of OSM protein in tissue lysates from CRS and controls correlated with levels of α2-macroglobulin, a marker of epithelial leak, in matched nasal secretions (r=.5055, p<.01). Additionally, OSM in the BAL following SAC in AA patients correlated with serum albumin, another marker of epithelial leak (r=.8062, p<.001). These results suggest that OSM may play a role in epithelial barrier dysfunction in mucosal disease.
Digital Youth Divas: Exploring Narrative-Driven Curriculum to Spark Middle School Girls’ Interest in Computational Activities

Women use technology to mediate numerous aspects of their professional and personal lives. Yet, few design and create these technologies given that women, especially women of color, are grossly underrepresented in computer science and engineering courses. Decisions about participation in STEM are frequently made prior to high school, and these decisions are impacted by prior experience, interest, and sense of fit with community. Digital Youth Divas is an out-of-school program that uses narrative stories to launch the creation of digital artifacts and support non-dominant middle school girls’ STEM interests and identities through virtual and real-world community. In this article, we discuss the framework of the Digital Youth Divas environment, including our approach to blending narratives into project-based design challenges through on- and offline mechanisms. Results from our pilot year, including the co-design process with the middle school participants, suggest that our narrative-centered, blended learn...
Se-SAD serial femtosecond crystallography datasets from selenobiotinyl-streptavidin

We provide a detailed description of selenobiotinyl-streptavidin (Se-B SA) co-crystal datasets recorded using the Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) for selenium single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (Se-SAD) structure determination. Se-B SA was chosen as the model system for its high affinity between biotin and streptavidin where the sulfur atom in the biotin molecule (C10H16N2O3S) is substituted with selenium. The dataset was collected at three different transmissions (100, 50, and 10%) using a serial sample chamber setup which allows for two sample chambers, a front chamber and a back chamber, to operate simultaneously. Diffraction patterns from Se-B SA were recorded to a resolution of 1.9 A. The dataset is publicly available through the Coherent X-ray Imaging Data Bank (CXIDB) and also on LCLS compute nodes as a resource for research and algorithm development. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Cerebral Innate Immunity: A New Conceptual Framework for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically defined by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques comprised of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and low-level, chronic neuroinflammation. These pathological hallmarks are posited to work in a concerted manner according to the “amyloid cascade hypothesis,” which purports that Aβ deposition as “senile” amyloid plaques is the principal etiopathological event in AD. Despite local recruitment of brain microglia to sites of Aβ deposition, the brain’s innate immune system ultimately fails at restricting Aβ plaque formation. It is becoming increasingly clear that inhibitory mechanisms exist to restrict amyloid clearance by both brain-resident and peripheral monocytes, and that innate immune genes can be targeted to reduce AD-like pathology in rodent models of cerebral amyloidosis. This chapter explores the preclinical science behind the expanding field of Aβ immunotherapy and the potential for a new generation of pharmacotherapeutics that promote a beneficial innate immune response in the AD brain.
Weaker N-Terminal Interactions for the Protective over the Causative Aβ Peptide Dimer Mutants.

Knowing that abeta amyloid peptide (Aβ42) dimers are the smallest and most abundant neurotoxic oligomers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we used molecular simulations with advanced sampling methods (replica-exchange) to characterize and compare interactions between the N-termini (residues 1–16) of wild type (WT-WT) and five mutant dimers under constrained and unconstrained conditions. The number of contacts and distances between the N-termini, and contact maps of their conformational landscape illustrate substantial differences for a single residue change. The N-terminal contacts are significantly diminished for the dimers containing the monomers that protect against (WT-A2T) as compared with those that predispose toward (A2V-A2V) AD and for the control WT-WT dimers. The reduced number of N-terminal contacts not only occurs at or near the second residue mutations but also is distributed through to the 10th residue. These findings provide added support to the accumulating evidence for the “N-terminal hypothe...
A Phenomenological Analysis of Program Liaisons’ Perceptions of Initial CACREP Accreditation

There has been an increase in the number of CACREP-accredited programs since the last standard revision cycle in 2009. However, little is known about what these programs and liaisons experienced pr...
Raising Doubt in Letters of Recommendation for Academia: Gender Differences and Their Impact

The extent of gender bias in academia continues to be an object of inquiry, and recent research has begun to examine the particular gender biases emblematic in letters of recommendations. This current two-part study examines differences in the number of doubt raisers that are written in 624 authentic letters of recommendations for 174 men and women applying for eight assistant professor positions (study 1) and the impact of these doubt raisers on 305 university professors who provided evaluations of recommendation letters (study 2). The results show that both male and female recommenders use more doubt raisers in letters of recommendations for women compared to men and that the presence of certain types of doubt raisers in letters of recommendations results in negative outcomes for both genders. Since doubt raisers are more frequent in letters for women than men, women are at a disadvantage relative to men in their applications for academic positions. We discuss the implications and need for additional future research and practice that (1) raises awareness that letter writers are gatekeepers who can improve or hinder women’s progress and (2) develops methods to eliminate the skewed use of doubt raisers.
Extension of Cell Life Span Using Exogenous Telomerase

Normal human somatic cells undergo limited cell division cycles and enter irreversible replication arrest called senescence. Cellular senescence of many human cell types is regulated by the length and status of telomeric sequences, which is shortened after each round of DNA replication. Telomeres can be rejuvenated by telomerase, an enzyme which carries out de novo synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed minimally of telomere reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) and RNA template (hTR), and its enzyme activity in cells is primarily limited by the level of hTERT expression. Therefore, telomerase activity in cells can be reconstituted by overexpression of hTERT, frequently resulting in extension of replicative life span or immortalization. It is well established that the effect of telomerase reconstitution on cellular life span is clearly cell type-dependent because telomere shortening is not the only limiting factor of cellular life span. However, telomerase activity appears to be a requirement for cellular immortalization, irrespective of the cell types. In this article, we discuss the detailed methods to extend the in vitro replicative life span of primary human cells by ectopic expression of hTERT.
Positive Accounting Theory: A Ten Year Perspective

This paper reviews and critiques the positive accounting literature following the publication of Watts and Zimmerman (1978, 1979), The 1978 paper helped generate the positive accounting literature that offers an explanation of accounting practice, suggests the importance of contracting costs, and has led to the discovery of some previously unknown empirical regularities. The 1979 paper produced a methodological debate that has not been very productive. This paper attempts to remove some common misconceptions about methodology that surfaced in that debate. It also suggests ways to improve positive research in accounting choice. The most important of these improvements is tighter links between the theory and the empirical tests. A second suggested improvement is the development of models that recognize the endogeneity among the variables in the regressions. A third improvement is reduction in measurement errors in both the dependent and independent variables in the regressions.
Impact of a Counseling Ethics Course on Graduate Students' Learning and Development.

Data from graduate counseling students (N = 28) enrolled in an ethical and legal issues in professional school counseling course at a research university were used to investigate the impact of the course on students’ levels of ethical and legal knowledge (Lambie, Hagedorn, & Ieva, 2010) and ego development (Loevinger, 1976, 1998). Students’ ethical and legal knowledge scores increased significantly and pre-course ego maturity correlated with postcourse ethical and legal knowledge. Implications for the scholarship of teaching and learning are discussed.
Dynamic analysis of vortex lifetime in 2D and 3D turbulence

Abstract The Navier-Stokes equations were solved for the vortex development in an incompressible fluid with a 3-D pseudo spectrum method. The initial conditions used in the calculation include the Taylor-Green 2-D vortex, the Deissler 3-D vortex, and some elliptical vortices. The considerable difference in the lifetimes of the large vortices in these flows exposes the mechanism of the kinetic energy transfer towards smaller vortices in the inertial region. This transfer is the turbulence dissipation process and is related to the interaction between the vortices. The simulation shows that the interaction between nonaligned vortex-line sectors in braid regions of vortices provides the dissipation mechanism. This concept matches experimental observations and the recent Ashurst and Meiburg's results obtained from the discrete vortex dynamics method.
Orthogonal self-assembly of an organoplatinum(II) metallacycle and cucurbit[8]uril that delivers curcumin to cancer cells

Curcumin (Cur) is a naturally occurring anticancer drug isolated from the Curcuma longa plant. It is known to exhibit anticancer properties via inhibiting the STAT3 phosphorylation process. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability impede its clinical application. Herein, we used organoplatinum(II) ← pyridyl coordination-driven self-assembly and a cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-mediated heteroternary host–guest complex formation in concert to produce an effective delivery system that transports Cur into the cancer cells. Specifically, a hexagon 1, containing hydrophilic methyl viologen (MV) units and 3,4,5-Tris[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]benzoyl groups alternatively at the vertices, has been synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. The MV units of 1 underwent noncovalent complexation with CB[8] to yield a host–guest complex 4. Cur can be encapsulated in 4, via a 1:1:1 heteroternary complex formation, resulting in a water-soluble host–guest complex 5. The host–guest complex 5 exhibited ca . 100-fold improved IC 50 values relative to free Cur against human melanoma (C32), melanoma of rodents (B16F10), and hormone-responsive (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB231) breast cancer cells. Moreover, strong synergisms of Cur with 1 and 4 with combinatorial indexes of
Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimens, Prior Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, and Graft-Versus-Host Disease Are Associated with Higher Rates of Skin Cancer after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

To assess incidence and risk factors for skin cancer associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we evaluated 1,974 adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who received transplants between January 1995 and July 2013 for hematologic malignancy and survived at least 100 days. Median age was 51.1 years, and median follow-up time was 3 years. Overall, 119 patients had 221 skin cancers. The incidences of squamous cell carcinomas (incidence rate ratio = 9.8; 95% confidence interval = 7.7–12.3), basal cell carcinomas (incidence rate ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.9–3.2), and melanoma (standardized incidence ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.7–5.9) were elevated in our cohort. In multivariable models, risk factors for squamous cell carcinomas were increased age (P
Surgical Strategy in Large Vestibular Schwannoma.

Particular care to facial nerve function preservation should be the ultimate goal in surgery for large vestibular schwannomas. We present a 60-year-old patient who presented with an enlarging right vestibular schwannoma and nonserviceable hearing. The patient was operated in the semisitting position after a patent foramen ovale was ruled out. During the positioning, the feet were positioned at the level of the heart. Precordial Doppler was used to monitor for air embolism. Straight skin incision and retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed. Specific attention to venous bleeding was made during the approach. Meticulous arachnoid dissection of the capsule preserving the arachnoid plane at the surface of the brain stem and the facial nerve can be achieved more efficiently with the patient in the semisiting position and with bimanual microdissection technique. After drilling of the internal auditory canal (IAC), we were able to achieve near total removal of the tumor, leaving a tiny tumor carpet due to extreme adherence to the nerve. Water-tight dura closure and replacement of the bone flap was performed. The patient woke up with a House–Brackmann grade III facial weakness which improved to grade I at 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tiny residual at the surface of the facial nerve at the entrance of the IAC. Near total (> 98%) resection of large vestibular schwannomas is an acceptable surgical strategy with excellent facial nerve outcome. With appropriate patient positioning in semisitting and proper anesthesiological and surgical management, the risk of air embolism is negligible. The link to video can be found at: https://youtu.be/ErG9VexbiGw .
Integrating digital image correlation in mechanical testing for the materials characterization of big area additive manufacturing feedstock

Abstract To enable the advancement of large-scale additive manufacturing processes, it is necessary to establish and standardize methodologies to characterize the mechanical properties of printed test coupons. Due to the large size of the print beads, conventional test standards are inadequate. The focus of this study was to determine the feasibility of using Digital image correlation (DIC) technology as a key enabler for robust data collection of strain measurements of large 3D printed parts. To incorporate the DIC measurements, a novel method was developed to prepare large 20% (by wt.) glass filled ABS test coupons for adequate contrast. Through this technique, Poisson's ratio and elastic modulus were measured and stress strain curves were generated. The data produced by DIC correlated well with failure analysis performed on spent test coupons. Additionally, fracture surface analysis of the specimens revealed poor adhesion among the ABS matrix and glass fibers. This matrix/fiber debonding demonstrated the need for improved printing parameters to maximize tensile strength. Finally, critical length analysis of the fibers revealed them to be dimensionally inadequate.
Coronary CT in Patients with a History of PCI or CABG: Helpful or Harmful?

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the assessment of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Advances in CT technology have resulted in tremendous improvements in diagnostic performance, safety, and ease of performance. CCTA accurately detects graft stenosis or occlusion. However, assessment of native coronary arteries in patients after CABG is challenging due to commonly present severe coronary calcifications. CCTA evaluation of coronary stents using contemporary technology allows for exclusion of in-stent restenosis in suitable patients with larger stents (diameter ≥ 3 mm). Recent studies show promising results for assessment of smaller stents (diameter < 3 mm). CCTA is a non-invasive, low-risk, and lower-cost alternative to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for evaluation of patients after CABG or stents. Combining CCTA with myocardial CT perfusion or CT-based fractional flow reserve as well as photon-counting CT may expand its role for assessment of these patients.
Detecting Changes in Dynamic Events Over Networks

Large volumes of networked streaming event data are becoming increasingly available in a wide variety of applications such as social network analysis, Internet traffic monitoring, and health care analytics. Streaming event data are discrete observations occurring in continuous time, and the precise time interval between two events carries substantial information about the dynamics of the underlying systems. How does one promptly detect changes in these dynamic systems using these streaming event data? In this paper, we propose a novel change-point detection framework for multidimensional event data over networks. We cast the problem into a sequential hypothesis test, and we derive the likelihood ratios for point processes, which are computed efficiently via an expectation-maximization (EM) like algorithm that is parameter free and can be computed in a distributed manner. We derive a highly accurate theoretical characterization of the false-alarm rate, and we show that the method can provide weak signal detection by aggregating local statistics over time and networks. Finally, we demonstrate the good performance of our algorithm on numerical examples and real-world datasets from Twitter and Memetracker.
Production, monitoring and evaluation of GOES-R series land surface temperature data (Conference Presentation)

Satellite Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as the radiative skin temperature of the land. It has been widely used in many aspects of the geosciences, e.g., studies of net radiation budget at the Earth surface, monitoring state of crops and vegetation. It is an important indicator of both the greenhouse effect and the physics of land-surface processes at local through global scales. Thus, LST has been listed as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) in the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS). LST is one of the baseline products for the GOES-R series satellites measured from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The algorithm derivation was developed at NOAA/NESDIS center for SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR), based on a traditional split-window technique. It is primarily estimated from the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperature (BT) at one ABI thermal infrared channel and corrected by the BT difference to the near-by thermal infrared channel. Quality of the LST estimation may vary depending on cloud fraction, water vapor, view zenith angle, etc. Such quality information, recorded as quality flags and metadata, is provided with the LST product for user reference, product monitoring and evaluation analysis. Comprehensive evaluation of the GOES-R LST product has been conducted using radiative transfer simulation datasets and proxy ABI data, before the launch of the first GOES-R satellite (i.e. GOES-16). Since then we have performed its evaluation using over one year of the on-orbit ABI SDR and LST dataset, towards its beta and provisional validated maturity levels. Quality flags and metadata of the LST product are tested and verified with local independent computation. LST retrievals were compared to in-situ LST data derived from the SURFRAD station measurements. This presentation shows our evaluation results, as well as the ABI LST derivation details, which are helpful in users’ product applications
Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides flow cytometric evaluation: The clinicians' perspective

Flow cytometry of peripheral blood has become the standard tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of Sezary syndrome. However, there is a sense of frustration among dermatologists and oncologist regarding the challenges in interpreting vague flow cytometry (FC) reports, which often include an array of numbers and percentages that are difficult to interpret and fail to elucidate quantitatively or qualitatively the presence or absence of an abnormal T cell population. From the clinicians' perspective, a report of the flow cytometric evaluation for Sezary syndrome should include the following items: presence or absence of abnormal T-cells, phenotype of abnormal cells, and quantity of abnormal cells to disease burden and for staging.
Social history from a bird’s eye view: Perry Anderson’s theory of international relations

Few living Marxists are more famous, yet Perry Anderson’s theory of international relations (IR) remains underexplored. This article is an interpretive analysis of Anderson and finds a coherent, albeit changing and at times contradictory, IR theory. It marks three phases of his theorizing: an internationalism, which sought to combat Cold War rhetoric of Western powers; a structuralism that attributed the Westphalian system to a synthesis of ancient and medieval modes of production; and a clear-headed radicalism of great power politics and increased agency. Yet this periodization also shows consistency of thought, one that emphasized hegemony, the complex totality, and a historicized view of sovereignty. Anderson’s IR theory traverses Marxist thought, such as that of the Gramscians, world-systems analysts, and those returning to Trotsky’s notion of uneven and combined development. His neo-Marxism is a distinct alternative to, yet relevant for, other radical traditions.
Biomechanical micromotion at the neural interface modulates intracellular membrane potentials in vivo

Brain micromotion is a phenomenon that arises from basic physiological functions such as respiration (breathing) and vascular pulsation (pumping blood or heart rate). These physiological processes cause small micro displacements of 2-4µm for vascular pulsation and 10-30µm for respiration, in rat models. One problem related to micromotion is the instability of the probe and its ability to acquire stable neural recordings in chronic studies. It has long been thought the membrane potential (MP) changes due to micromotion in the presence of brain implants were an artefact caused by the implant. Here is shown that intracellular membrane potential changes are a consequence of the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels at the neural interface. A combination of aplysia and rat animal models were used to show activation of mechanosensitive ion channels is occurring during a neural recording. During simulated micromotion of displacements of 50μm and 100μm at a frequency of 1 Hz, showed a change of 8 and 10mV respectively and that the addition of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited the membrane potential changes. The application of EDTA showed a 71% decrease in changes in membrane potential changes due to micromotion. Simulation of breathing using periodic motion of a probe in an Aplysia model showed that there were no membrane potential changes for 3.1kPa. Drug studies utilizing 5-HT showed an 80% reduction in membrane potentials. To validate the electrophysiological changes due to micromotion in a rat model, a double barrel pipette for simultaneous recording and drug delivery was designed, the drug delivery tip was recessed from the recording tip no greater than 50μm on average. The double barrel pipette using iontophoresis was used to deliver 30 μM of Gadolinium Chloride (Gd3+) into the microenvironment of the cell. Here is shown a significant reduction in membrane potential for n = 13 cells across 4 different rats tested using Gd3+. Membrane potential changes related to breathing and vascular pulsation were reduced between approximately 0.25-2.5 mV for both breathing and heart rate after the addition of Gd3+, a known mechanosensitive ion channel blocker.
Noncontact optical imaging of brain hemodynamics in preterm infants: a preliminary study.

Extremely preterm infants' hemodynamic instability places them at high risk of brain injury. Currently there is no reliable bedside method to continuously monitor cerebral hemodynamics in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This paper reports a feasibility study to adapt and test an innovative speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) device for noncontact, high-density, 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in preterm infants. The scDCT scans a focused point near-infrared illumination to multiple source positions for deep tissue penetration, and controls an electron multiplying charge-coupled-device camera with thousands of pixels to achieve a high-density sampling. The optimized scDCT for use in preterm infants was first evaluated against an established diffuse correlation spectroscopy in an infant-head-simulating phantom with known properties. The observed significant correlation between the two measurements verified the capability of scDCT for transcranial brain imaging. The insignificant influence of transparent incubator wall on scDCT measurements was then confirmed by comparing adult forearm blood flow responses to artery cuff occlusions measured inside and outside the incubator. Finally, the scDCT device was moved to the NICU to image CBF variations in two preterm infants. Infant #1 with no major organ deficits showed little CBF fluctuation over the first 3 weeks of life. Infant #2 showed a significant CBF increase after the 2-hour pharmacotherapy for patent ductus arteriosus closure. While these CBF variations meet physiological expectations, the fact that no significant changes are noted with peripheral monitoring of blood oxygen saturation suggests necessity of direct cerebral monitoring. This feasibility study with timely technology development is an important and necessary step towards larger clinical studies with more subjects to further validate it for continuous monitoring and instant management of cerebral pathologies and interventions in the NICU.
Safe and Efficient Performance of Open Tracheostomies in Patients With COVID-19-The Fenestrated Technique.

This case series demonstrates a fenestrated technique of tracheostomy that minimizes aerosolization risks by reducing risk of accidental decannulation and stomal infections while creating a tight seal around the tracheostomy tube.
Managing Countertransference in Therapeutic Interactions with Traumatized Youth: Creating a Pathway to Making Discomfort Comfortable

Practitioners can find themselves experiencing counter transference without having the tools to adequately respond. As the need for the facility in working with trauma grows, the importance of ackn...