cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SMES-Based Damping Controller Design Using Fuzzy-GrHDP Considering Transmission Delay

In this paper, a novel active power oscillation damping controller for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is developed to increase the power system transient stability. The proposed damping controller is online adaptive learning by using the fuzzy-based goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (Fuzzy-GrHDP) algorithm. Moreover, to address the signal transmission delay in the communication channels, the delay information is incorporated into the training process to provide prior knowledge to the controller. A comparative simulation study between the traditional residue-based design and the proposed Fuzzy-GrHDP-based design is conducted on an IEEE 16-machine 68-bus benchmark system to validate the effectiveness. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method for SMES could effectively improve the system transient stability.
The BRICS in Action, Well Maybe

Schaefer and Poffenbarger take a quantitative examination of BRICS integration by using two forms of voting data from the United Nations General Assembly. The first data set examines voting similarity rates among BRICS member states and the United States individually to test for vote coordination and common interest. For this we graph the dyads for each BRICS member state and the US for vote similarity ratings. Next Schaefer and Poffenbarger examine UNGA voting on votes “deemed important to the US” to examine soft-balancing behavior.
Ocular Signs of Congenital Varicella

Ocular abnormalities associated with congenital varicella are described in 3 children examined at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, England.
Poisson-like height distribution of Ag nanoislands on Si(111) 7*7

The height distribution of Ag(111) islands grown on Si(111) $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ was studied using in situ x-ray reflectivity. This noble metal-on-semiconductor system is of particular interest because the islands exhibit an unusual minimum height that is imposed by the quantum confinement of the conduction electrons. For different coverages and temperatures as well as annealing, it was found that the island heights exhibit a variance that is less than the mean by a constant amount. We argue that this behavior is related to Poisson-like statistics with the imposition of the minimum island height. A modified Poisson height distribution model is presented and shown to provide a good description of the experimentally measured island height distributions. The results, which contribute to a better understanding of the nanoscale growth behavior for an important noble metal, are discussed in terms of mobility that leads to taller islands.
Development of a Storytelling Video Self-Help Intervention Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Major Depression: Open Trial Results

This study involved the initial development and testing of a video self-help intervention called LifeStories, which features real patients describing their use of coping strategies for depression based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. We conducted a baseline-controlled open trial (AB design) of 11 individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and transportation (i.e., engagement) after watching LifeStories. No significant changes were observed during the 4-week baseline period in terms of interviewer-rated depression severity (primary outcome), but a significant and large effect size improvement was observed at Week 8 postintervention. The majority of participants (54.5%) showed a reliable and clinically significant posttreatment response. Significant improvements also were observed during the intervention period only for self-reported depressive symptoms and aspects of mindfulness (nonreactivity). Qualitative data analysis of participant interviews identified additional areas for improvement and refinement. Future testing in a randomized trial is warranted based on these encouraging results.
Transgenic Methodologies – Plants

Applications of plant transformation to crop improvement and to basic research in plant biology have resulted in numerous significant positive impacts on agriculture and food system research. Transformation methods for plants were invented in 1983 and rapidly translated to all major and most minor crops. Today, large percentages of the global corn, soy, cotton, and canola crops are transgenic. The aim of this article is to describe the range of genetic manipulations enabled by plant transformation methodologies, the requirements and development of plant transformation methods set forth in a historical context, and the likely future directions for transgenic methodologies.
Retinal pigment epithelium changes in pediatric patients with glaucoma drainage devices.

Abstract Purpose Retinal changes secondary to hypotony are usually described as wrinkling or folding of the inner portion of the choroid, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the outer retinal layers in the macular area due to scleral wall collapse. We describe a new retinal finding in children with suspected hypotony after implantation of Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI). Observations Four patients in our series developed significant RPE defects after BGI implant. The RPE defects appeared as elongated white lines observed solely in the posterior pole, in no particular pattern, and seemed to be worse in infants with anterior segment dysgenesis and with collagen disorders. Conclusion and importance Children have thinner and more elastic scleral walls than adults. This characteristic may cause the inward scleral wall to collapse when the eye is hypotonic. The resulting redundancy of the retina leads to wrinkling and RPE defects characterized by hypopigmented lines predominantly in the macular area. Such findings, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported in pediatric patients.
Accuracy of node and bud-scar counts for aging two dominant conifers in western North America.

Abstract Accurately aging trees is critical for understanding tree demography and tree responses to environmental change. Given the proliferation of studies aimed at understanding the effects of climate and disturbance on forest ecosystems, it is important to understand the tradeoffs between field-based age estimates and precise dendrochronological techniques. We assessed the accuracy of age estimates from node counts in the field against precise tree-ring counts at the root-shoot boundary, in 1279 ponderosa pine and 1268 Douglas-fir seedlings sampled from across three study regions in the western U.S. We also assessed the accuracy of age estimates from bud-scar counts in the field against node counts and precise tree-ring counts in a subset of 757 seedlings from the Northern Rockies. Node counts systematically underestimated ring counts by an average of 4.1 years, with bias increasing with tree age. At annual, ±1-, ±2-, and ±5-yr precision, the accuracy of node counts was 5%, 15%, 29%, and 74% across all regions and species, respectively. Similar results were found for bud scars. Given the magnitude of the bias between field-based methods and ring counts, it is critical to select appropriate aging methods, based on the precision required to answer specific ecological questions. To improve the accuracy of field-based age estimates in these species, we provide a tool for correcting for the bias when precise dendrochronological aging is not feasible.
Natural Product Cytotoxins as Payloads for Antibody Drug Conjugates

Natural products from plants and microorganisms are unsurpassed as a source of effective anticancer drugs. However it remains a major challenge to discover and develop natural product chemotherapeutics because of their dose-limiting toxicity. Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) offer a modality by which the cell-killing potency of a cytotoxin is coupled with the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) for delivery to the tumor. An ADC consists of a mAb which binds a tumor-associated antigen, and to which one or more molecules of a potent cytotoxin payload are covalently bound. All clinically validated ADC payloads to date are directly derived from natural products. Natural product cytotoxins are well suited for the role of ADC payload for they often posses the potency, mechanism of action, chemical tractability, and structural properties required for effectiveness. This chapter will detail the functional role and requirements for effective ADC payloads. It then details current ADC payloads along with opportunities for new natural product payload candidates.
Improving the impact of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation in small urban centers among men who have sex with men: An agent-based modelling study.

Objectives Identifying prescribing strategies that improve the efficiency of PrEP should increase its impact at the population level. This study identifies PrEP allocation criteria that most effectively reduce 10-year HIV incidence by 25%, in accordance with the US National HIV/AIDS Strategy's goal for the proportionate reduction in new diagnoses. Methods We used a discrete-time stochastic agent-based model to simulate several PrEP engagement strategies. The model represented MSM aged 15-74 in Rhode Island and was calibrated to statewide prevalence from 2009-2014. We simulated HIV transmission in the absence of PrEP and compared the following PrEP engagement scenarios: 1) allocation to the current patient population; 2) random allocation; 3) allocation to MSM with greater than 5 sexual partners in one year; 4) allocation to MSM with greater than 10 sexual partners in one year. For each scenario and coverage level we estimated the number and proportion of infections averted and the person-years on PrEP per averted infection. Results In 2014, HIV prevalence before PrEP implementation was between 4% and 5%. In the No PrEP scenario 826 new infections (95% simulation limits [SL]: 711, 955) occurred over 10 years, with an incidence rate of 3.51 per 1000 person-years (95% SL: 3.00, 4.08). Prevalence rose to 7.4% (95% SL: 6.7, 8.1). None of the PrEP scenarios reduced new HIV infections by 25% while covering less than 15% of the HIV-uninfected population. At 15% coverage, allocating PrEP to the current patient population, MSM with greater than 5 sexual partners in a year, and MSM with greater than 10 partners reduced new infections by at least 25%, requiring 161 (95% SL: 115, 289), 150 (95% SL: 107, 252), and 128 (95% SL: 100, 184) person-years on PrEP per averted infection, respectively. Conclusions Engaging MSM with high numbers of sexual partners would improve the population-level impact and efficiency of PrEP in settings where PrEP coverage remains low. However, the sustained population-level PrEP coverage needed to reduce new infections by 25% is substantially higher than current levels of PrEP uptake.
CO2 and SO2: Consistent Policy Making in a Greenhouse

This past year has witnessed a resurgence of interest in problems of atmospheric pollution. Two broad-scale atmospheric problems have dominated the news: acid rain and global warming. Each has engendered significant national and international policy debate, but they have not been addressed as linked problems. Instead, the constituencies supporting or opposing various policy initiatives have pursued very narrowly focused objectives. This narrowed vision is a primary source of the complex and conflicting mandates of the current Clean Air Act. The reauthorized Act should be viewed as a major opportunity for reform which should begin with the recognition of trade-offs among environmental objectives. Chief among these opportunities are SO2 control strategies which would also reduce CO2, the primary greenhouse gas.
Sense making alone doesn't do it: fluency matters too! ITS support for robust learning with multiple representations

Previous research demonstrates that multiple representations of learning content can enhance students' learning, but also that students learn deeply from multiple representations only if the learning environment supports them in making connections between the representations. We hypothesized that connection-making support is most effective if it helps students makesense of the content across representations and in becoming fluent in making connections. We tested this hypothesis in a classroom experiment with 599 4th- and 5th-grade students using an ITS for fractions. The experiment further contrasted two forms of support for sense making: auto-linked representations and the use of worked examples involving one representation to guide work with another. Results confirm our main hypothesis: A combination of worked examples and fluency support lead to more robust learning than versions of the ITS without connection-making support. Therefore, combining different types of connection-making support is crucial in promoting students' deep learning from multiple representations.
Mechanisms of PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance

BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficient tumor cells are sensitive to inhibitors of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP1) through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. Several PARP inhibitors, which are oral drugs and generally well tolerated, have now received FDA approval for various ovarian cancer and breast cancer indications. Despite their use in the clinic, PARP inhibitor resistance is common and develops through multiple mechanisms. Broadly speaking, BRCA1/2-deficient tumor cells can become resistant to PARP inhibitors by restoring homologous recombination (HR) repair and/or by stabilizing their replication forks. Here, we review the mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance.
What Could the Future of Safety Monitoring Look Like

Like much of the clinical research and health care provider enterprise, the data capture and archiving for harm, probability of harm, and impact of intervention-related events is fragmented, inconsistent, and lacks standards to perform the types of operations that could inform researchers, practitioners, and patients in a timely way of actions and policies. The entire system of assessments, terminology, data formats and structure, analyses, and dissemination would benefit from changes based on adherence to a process framework of detect, describe, analyze, and react in the context of recognizing the multiple pathways and factors that lead to any specific outcome or series of outcomes. Existing tools, if properly applied, can form the basis for the next generation of data systems, processes, analyses, and sharing to address most of the current challenges.
Developing Renewable Agro-Based Anti-Icers for Sustainable Winter Road Maintenance Operations

AbstractThis work evaluated the performance and impacts of several agro-based anti-icers along with two traditional chloride-based anti-icers (23% by weight NaCl brine and its beet juice blend). A ...
Polysaccharide-containing block copolymers: synthesis and applications

Polysaccharide-based block copolymers have been studied since the early 1960s and command growing interest due to the increasing importance of sustainable materials. Polysaccharides are renewable, often biodegradable, generally nontoxic, and offer wide structural variety, yielding remarkably diverse materials that provide a wide range of properties and applications. Block copolymers containing one or more polysaccharide blocks and one or more synthetic blocks can be synthesized using a variety of methods, either through direct coupling or chain extension approaches. Here we review current synthetic methods for the preparation of polysaccharide-containing block copolymers. We also discuss established and emerging applications of this class of block copolymers, such as their use as drug delivery vehicles, hydrogels for localized drug delivery, and surfactants/interfacial agents for stabilizing interfaces, including those in polysaccharide/synthetic polymer blends.
Pediatric ankle injuries: utilizing the Dias-Tachdjian classification

Pediatric ankle injuries require timely diagnosis due to their involvement of the distal tibial physis and subsequent impact on long bone growth. These injuries occur in a predictable pattern based on ankle position, direction of force, and degree of closure of the distal tibial physis. The Dias-Tachdjian classification describes possible ankle injury patterns for the completely open physis, and we present a simplified algorithm for applying this system in routine radiographic interpretation. Similar to the Lauge-Hansen classification in adults, the Dias-Tachdjian system is based on the position of the foot and direction of force at the time of injury with four major patterns: supination-inversion, pronation-eversion external rotation, supination-plantar flexion, and supination-external rotation. In addition, we examine the effect that the closing distal tibial physis has on adolescent fracture patterns (specifically, Tillaux and triplane fractures). Awareness of these injury patterns helps the radiologist to identify nondisplaced fractures and subtle physeal injuries with implications for surgical and/or conservative management.
Submanifolds of High Dimension

In Sections 13, 14 and 17 we have studied polynomial approximation on certain kinds of k-dimensional manifolds in C n . In this Section we consider the case k > n. Let ∑ be a k-dimensional submanifold of an open set in C n with n < k < 2n. Let X be a compact set which lies on ∑ and contains a relatively open subset of ∑.
Recurrence of severe maternal morbidity: A population‐based cohort analysis of California women

Background Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has increased in the United States by 45% in the last decade. While the recurrence of several adverse pregnancy outcomes from one pregnancy to the next has been established, the recurrence risk of SMM is unknown. Objective To determine whether women who have SMM in a first pregnancy are at increased risk of SMM in their second pregnancy, compared to women who did not have SMM in their first pregnancy. Methods This is a population-based study using linked vital statistics and hospital discharge records from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development in California from 1997 to 2012. The study population had their first two singleton births (live births or stillbirths) in California between 1997 and 2012 (n = 1 180 357). The primary exposure was SMM during the hospitalisation at first birth, and the primary outcome was SMM during the hospitalisation at second birth. Prevalence and risk ratios of SMM at second birth were computed for women who did and did not have SMM at first birth, as well as for certain specific indicators of SMM. Results Of the 1 180 357 women included in this analysis, 9088 (77 per 10 000 births) experienced SMM at first birth. Among these women, the prevalence of SMM at second birth was 470 per 10 000 births, compared to 68 per 10 000 births among women without SMM at first birth. This corresponded to an unadjusted risk ratio of 6.87 (95% CI 6.23, 7.57), which did not differ substantially when adjusted for factors known to be associated with SMM (6.42, 95% CI 5.86, 7.13). Conclusion Women experiencing SMM in their first pregnancy were at an approximately sixfold increased risk of experiencing SMM in their second pregnancy.
Rolling Horizon Policies in Multistage Stochastic Programming

Multistage Stochastic Programming (MSP) is a class of models for sequential decision-making under uncertainty. MSP problems are known for their computational intractability due to the sequential nature of the decision-making structure and the uncertainty in the problem data due to the so-called curse of dimensionality. A common approach to tackle MSP problems with a large number of stages is a rolling-horizon (RH) procedure, where one solves a sequence of MSP problems with a smaller number of stages. This leads to a delicate issue of how many stages to include in the smaller problems used in the RH procedure. This paper addresses this question for, both, finite and infinite horizon MSP problems. For the infinite horizon case with discounted costs, we derive a bound which can be used to prescribe an epsilon-sufficient number of stages. For the finite horizon case, we propose a heuristic approach from the perspective of approximate dynamic programming to provide a sufficient number of stages for each roll in the RH procedure. Our numerical experiments on a hydrothermal power generation planning problem show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
California White Collar Crime and Business Litigation (5th Ed)

This one-of-a-kind reference is your complete guide to California's laws governing economic crimes and offenses. California White Collar Crime and Business Litigation has a reputation as the definitive source for addressing both substantive and procedural issues on one of the fastest growing areas of law. The chapter on high technology brings you the latest developments in communication, computer, and internet crimes, as well as identity theft. New analyses also address unsolicited fax or e-mail advertising ("spamming"), restitution and disgorgement in unfair competition actions, and the use of injunctions.
Prophetic city: Houston on the cusp of a changing America, by Stephen L. Klineberg: New York, Simon and Schuster, 2020

How often have we heard the city of Houston castigated as a poster child of environmental dystopia and disordered urban planning, a showcase of unfettered capitalism and urban sprawl? The myth pers...
One role of titanium compound particles in aluminium nitride sintered body

Microstructure of titanium compound particle in polycrystalline aluminium nitride (AlN) has been investigated using micro-auger electron spectroscopy (μ-AES). AlN-0.5 wt% TiO2-1.5 wt% Y2O3-0.4 wt% CaO system was sintered at 1850°C in nitrogen atmosphere using a graphite furnace. The AES studies show that the composition of the titanium compound particle is titanium, aluminium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and calcium. On the other hand, no calcium is observed by AES in the AlN grains and grain boundary. It is found that one role of the titanium compound particle is to trap calcium included in polycrystalline AlN.
Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin Nanoformulations

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a bioactive and major phenolic component of turmeric derived from the rhizomes of curcuma longa linn. For centuries, curcumin has exhibited excellent therapeutic benefits in various diseases. Owing to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin plays a significant beneficial and pleiotropic regulatory role in various pathological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, neurological disorders, and so on. Despite such phenomenal advances in medicinal applications, the clinical implication of native curcumin is hindered due to low solubility, physico-chemical instability, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and poor pharmacokinetics. However, these issues can be overcome by utilizing an efficient delivery system. Active scientific research was initiated in 2005 to improve curcumin’s pharmacokinetics, systemic bioavailability, and biological activity by encapsulating or by loading curcumin into nanoform(s) (nanoformulations). A significant number of nanoformulations exist that can be translated toward medicinal use upon successful completion of pre-clinical and human clinical trials. Considering this perspective, current review provides an overview of an efficient curcumin nanoformulation for a targeted therapeutic option for various human diseases. In this review article, we discuss the clinical evidence, current status, and future opportunities of curcumin nanoformulation(s) in the field of medicine. In addition, this review presents a concise summary of the actions required to develop curcumin nanoformulations as pharmaceutical or nutraceutical candidates.
Fractal Analysis of Environmental Contaminants Binding Kinetics on Biosensor Surfaces

This chapter analyzes the entrapment kinetics of two pollutants, benzene and toluene, to different sol–gel monoliths. These sol–gel monoliths are either pure or with methyl groups. It presents a fractal analysis for the binding of free 2,4 dintrophenol (DNP) equilibrated with anti-DNP monoclonal antibody in solution to DNA–HSA (human serum albumin) labeled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads. The results of this test are discussed and displayed in the chapter, and it is concluded that even though the molecular weight of toluene is higher than that of benzene (its size is bigger due to the side methyl group), its binding (or entrapment) rate coefficient is higher than that of benzene. This is because of the fact that for the case of toluene, the fractal dimension or the degree of heterogeneity is higher than that of benzene.
“Existing and existing in your face”: Hiram Ruiz and the Pedagogy of Gay Liberation Front in Tallahassee, Florida, 1970-71

“‘Existing and existing in your face’: Hiram Ruiz and the Pedagogy of Gay Liberation Front in Tallahassee, FL, 1970-71” profiles one important but overlooked historical figure in the history of higher education. Hiram Ruiz, an out gay student at Florida State University in the late 1960s and early 1970s, went against the norms of his time and place to create a safe space for other gay people in a conservative Deep South town. The first Gay Liberation Front chapter in the South, the FSU GLF “swung closet doors wide open” and they never closed again. Ruiz’s story carries many important implications for historians of education, queer historians, and education scholars. He worked in an intersectional space – bringing together anti-war, feminist, and anti-racism groups – to push the FSU campus out of its collective comfort zone. His group also formed connections with a fledgling group at the University of Florida, where students faced similar challenges but nonetheless fought for the liberation of all people. His story shows how these alliances can work, and where they can falter, in ways that are instructive to people forty years later who are interested in this work. His story also demonstrates the importance of looking for exceptional stories in unlikely places in studying the history of higher education, as his work is a permanent part of FSU’s (and UF’s) history. It has implications for queer pedagogy and politics in contemporary education settings.
Microbiological Analysis of Rock Cod (Sebastes spp.) Stored Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres

The numbers and types of microorganisms on fresh rock cod fillets and fillets stored in air or in a modified atmosphere (MA; 80% CO2, 20% air) at 4°C were compared. Samples were analyzed after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage. The isolation plates were incubated aerobically, anaerobically, or under MA at 4, 20, or 35°C. After 7 days of storage in air, the fillets were obviously spoiled and had a 3- to 4-log cycle increase in microbial counts. Plate counts increased more slowly on MA-stored fillets. After 21 days, the counts on the latter had increased only 2 log cycles, and the fillets did not seem spoiled. The microbial flora changed greatly during MA storage. Only Lactobacillus spp. (70%) and an Aeromonas sp.-like isolate (30%) were found on plates incubated aerobically at 4 and 20°C, and only Lactobacillus spp. was found on plates incubated aerobically and anaerobically at 35 and at 20°C under MA. Isolation plates incubated at 20°C in air gave the highest counts in the shortest incubation time and the greatest diversity of bacterial types recovered. No Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, or Clostridium botulinum type E were isolated from the fresh or MA-stored fillets.
Cocoonase V. STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON AN INSECT SERINE PROTEASE

Abstract Prococoonases and cocoonases from three species of silkmoths (Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea polyphemus, and Antheraea mylitta) have been purified and compared to each other and to vertebrate trypsins by tryptic peptide mapping, amino acid and carbohydrate composition, and partial amino acid sequence. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of two cocoonases with bovine trypsin shows 50% coincidence of peptides. The prococoonases from A. pernyi and A. polyphemus are glycoproteins containing 6 moles of mannose and 2 moles of glucosamine. Proteolytic activation of prococoonase to cocoonase does not involve a loss of any of this carbohydrate. Prococoonase from A. mylitta contains no carbohydrate. Sequence analyses of the NH2 and COOH termini of several cocoonases and A. mylitta prococoonase and the entire active site tryptic peptide from A. polyphemus cocoonase reveals 70% identity with bovine trypsin. The partial structure of A. polyphemus cocoonase is [see PDF for sequence] The active site serine is indicated by the box.
The Computation of Induced Drag with Nonplanar and Deformed Wakes

The classical calculation of inviscid drag, based on far field flow properties, is reexamined with particular attention to the nonlinear effects of wake roll-up. Based on a detailed look at nonlinear, inviscid flow theory, it is concluded that many of the classical, linear results are more general than might have been expected. Departures from the linear theory are identified and design implications are discussed. Results include the following: Wake deformation has little effect on the induced drag of a single element wing, but introduces first order corrections to the induced drag of a multi-element lifting system. Far field Trefftz-plane analysis may be used to estimate the induced drag of lifting systems, even when wake roll-up is considered, but numerical difficulties arise. The implications of several other approximations made in lifting line theory are evaluated by comparison with more refined analyses.
The Cauchy Identity

Suppose that \(\alpha _{1},\ldots,\alpha _{n}\) and \(\beta _{1},\ldots,\beta _{m}\) are two sets of variables. The Cauchy identity asserts that $$\displaystyle{ \prod _{i=1}^{n}\prod _{ j=1}^{m}{(1 - \alpha _{ i}\beta _{j})}^{-1} =\sum _{ \lambda }s_{\lambda }(\alpha _{1},\ldots,\alpha _{n})s_{\lambda }(\beta _{1},\ldots,\beta _{m}), }$$ (38.1) where the sum is over all partitions λ (of all k). The series is absolutely convergent if all \(\vert \alpha _{i}\vert,\vert \beta _{i}\vert <1\). It can also be regarded as an equality of formal power series.
Public Projects and Citizen Participation: The Challenge of Coordinating Meaningful Public Involvement Over Time

Consensus to proceed with Boston’s Big Dig Project was only reached after the Commonwealth agreed to perform a long list of mitigation measures to satisfy the objectives of numerous interest groups. To ensure that those measures would be implemented and to avoid projectstopping litigation, the Central Artery Environmental Oversight Committee was formed. Its work over the last fourteen years is a unique blend of lawyering and leadership. For the redevelopment of the surface above the downtown portions of the Project, the Mayor’s Central Artery Completion Task Force was created to implement neighborhood task forces to work with park and building designers and to coordinate the neighborhood views with the interests of regional park, transit, tourism, and similar groups. The results of the Task Force’s work over the last six years will soon be seen as the parks and civic structures are built.
Research Agenda‐Setting Program for Geriatric Ophthalmology

The healthcare needs of an aging population of "baby boomers" (persons born between 1946 and 1964) will disproportionately affect ophthalmology. To meet this emerging need, the American Geriatrics Society and the John A. Hartford Foundation developed a research agenda-setting process for geriatric ophthalmology. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline from the years 1990 to 2000. The literature review (168 papers) was performed to determine the current state of information regarding selected issues in geriatric ophthalmology. A needs assessment for each of the identified topics was performed, gaps in the existing knowledge base were identified, and key questions for future research were proposed. A research agenda-setting process for geriatric ophthalmology might provide a structural framework for future research efforts in the field.
New passive methodology for online power cable diagnosis by frequency analysis

Power system current and voltage signals contain valuable information about the system status within their small random fluctuations. Frequency domain analysis of these so-called noise signals enables us to monitor the power cable health. This paper proposes a new passive methodology for online power cable diagnosis by resonant frequency analysis. The feasibility of this methodology is proved by analytic studies and simulation results using PSCAD.
ac susceptibility near the superconducting transition in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

We report temperature-dependent ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ measurements performed near the superconducting transition on three polycrystalline sintered ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ samples for selected fixed magnetic fields 0.1\ensuremath{\le}H\ensuremath{\le}80.9 G and ac excitation magnetic fields 0.9\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$\ensuremath{\le}450 mG. The nature of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ was found to depend strongly on the magnitude of ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ and for small ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ we observe the breakdown of critical-state behavior. We estimate the threshold field for the critical state and interpret our results in the context of Josephson-array granular superconductivity.
Circuitos del conocimiento: el Arte de la lengua índica de Valera y su inclusión en las polémicas sobre el Sacro Monte de Granada

Resumen A partir del examen de documentos ineditos, este articulo muestra que Blas Valera (1545-1597) fue autor de un Arte de la lengua indica, que circulaba en Sevilla en 1595. Sostiene tambien que Valera puede ser identificado como el director detras del Arte y vocabulario en la lengua general del Peru, publicado anonimamente en 1586. El estudio reconstruye, ademas, el contexto intelectual que hizo posible la circulacion de la obra de Valera y los criterios filologicos que permitieron insertar su obra en las discusiones sobre las reliquias y libros del Sacro Monte de Granada y sus implicaciones sobre la historia de la iglesia primitiva espanola. Palabras clave: Blas Valera, Sacro Monte de Granada, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Tercer Concilio de Lima Abstract Relying on unpublished documents, this article maintains that Blas Valera (1545-1597) authored an unknown Arte de la lengua indica that circulated in Seville in 1595. It also argues that Valera can be identified as the single director behind the Arte y vocabulario en la lengua general del Peru that was published anonymously in 1586. In addition, this study reconstructs the intellectual milieu that made the circulation of Valera’s grammar possible and the philological criteria that laid the groundwork for its insertion in the debate regarding the relics and leaden books recently discovered at Granada’s Sacro Monte, and their implications for the history of Spain’s early Church. Keywords: Blas Valera, Sacro Monte de Granada, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Lima’s Third Council
Iris involvement by lymphoma: a review of 13 cases.

Background: To describe the clinical and histopathological features of lymphomas involving the iris. Design: Retrospective, descriptive study. Participants: Fourteen eyes of 13 patients. Methods: Review of medical records. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical and histopathological findings. Results: Median patient age was 58 years (range, 25–76 years). Seven patients had known systemic lymphoma of which five were of large B-cell type. Symptoms included blurred vision (8/14), eye redness (3/14) and eye pain (2/14). Four eyes had secondary elevated intraocular pressure. Anterior segment findings included anterior chamber cells (14/14 eyes), keratic precipitates (11/14 eyes), congestion of conjunctival/episcleral blood vessels (9/14), hyphaema (7/14), conjunctival/anterior epibulbar lymphoma (6/14), tumour-induced pseudohypopyon (4/14) and corneal oedema (3/14). Of 12 eyes with adequate view of iris details, clinically detectable iris thickening or visible mass was noted in all (12/12). There was concomitant involvement of ciliary body (8/14), choroid (5/14) and orbit (2/14). All patients had biopsy of conjunctiva, episclera, iris or ciliary body, confirming the diagnosis of lymphoma. Histopathological or cytopathological evaluation of iris or ciliary body showed high-grade lymphoma in 9/11 eyes in which it was performed. Five patients did not have long-term follow up and, of the other eight patients, three died from complications of systemic lymphoma during follow up ranging from 1 to 44 months. Conclusion: Lymphomatous involvement of the iris should be considered in the differential diagnosis of corticosteroid-resistant uveitis in middle-aged and elderly patients. Iris lymphoma tends to be high grade and usually develops in patients with known aggressive systemic lymphoma.
Visualization of alternative future scenarios for forest ecosystems using animated statistical surfaces

Rising uncertainties associated with climate change make it important to include forest ecosystem simulations into forest management planning. The output of such models can be visualized in two-dimensional time-series animation, which is often too complex to provide a spatio-temporal overview. This contribution describes a novel method, called animated three-dimensional statistical surfaces, that aims at improving the perception of change in animated time-series. The method visualizes attribute values as surfaces, which are interpolated and animated over time; the attribute surfaces are combined with color-coding and contour lines to support absolute and relative height judgment as well as faster perception and better location of change. A design study and prototypical implementation of the visualization method is described in this contribution. The method is not limited to ecological model output; it can be used to create three-dimensional animations of arbitrary time-series where parameters are supplied in regular raster format.
Fatigue and Strength Performance of Concrete-Filled Steel-Grid Bridge Deck

The present paper reports on the results from a series of full-scale experimental tests carried out on concrete-filled steel-grid bridge deck assemblies. The testing focused on assessing the fatigue performance and ultimate strength response of a full-depth-overfilled concrete-filled steel-grid deck configuration. The results from the experimental testing program described herein are compared with the predicted deck responses as per the current AASHTO provisions contained in the LRFD and 16th edition specifications.
Towards Systematic Discovery of Signaling Networks in Budding Yeast Filamentous Growth Stress Response Using Interventional Phosphorylation Data

Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling networks are critical regulators of cell growth and development. However, few of these networks have been delineated completely. Towards this end, quantitative phosphoproteomics is emerging as a useful tool enabling large-scale determination of relative phosphorylation levels. However, phosphoproteomics differs from classical proteomics by a more extensive sampling limitation due to the limited number of detectable sites per protein. Here, we propose a comprehensive quantitative analysis pipeline customized for phosphoproteome data from interventional experiments for identifying key proteins in specific pathways, discovering the protein-protein interactions and inferring the signaling network. We also made an effort to partially compensate for the missing value problem, a chronic issue for proteomics studies. The dataset used for this study was generated using SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture) technique with interventional experiments (kinase-dead mutations). The major components of the pipeline include phosphopeptide meta-analysis, correlation network analysis and causal relationship discovery. We have successfully applied our pipeline to interventional experiments identifying phosphorylation events underlying the transition to a filamentous growth form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 5 high-confidence proteins from meta-analysis, and 19 hub proteins from correlation analysis (Pbi2p and Hsp42p were identified by both analyses). All these proteins are involved in stress responses. Nine of them have direct or indirect evidence of involvement in filamentous growth. In addition, we tested four of our predicted proteins, Nth1p, Pbi2p, Pdr12p and Rcn2p, by interventional phenotypic experiments and all of them present differential invasive growth, providing prospective validation of our approach. This comprehensive pipeline presents a systematic way for discovering signaling networks using interventional phosphoproteome data and can suggest candidate proteins for further investigation. We anticipate the methodology to be applicable as well to other interventional studies via different experimental platforms.
Lysosomal lipid lengthens life span

Lysosomes were discovered more than 60 years ago as highly acidic cellular organelles containing many enzymes responsible for breaking down macromolecules ( 1 ). Since then, their roles have expanded. Lysosomes function in autophagy, the process that breaks down cellular components to allow cell survival and homeostasis in the face of starvation ( 1 ). These organelles also have emerged as a signaling hub for the enzyme mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein kinase involved in cellular and organismal growth responses to nutrient availability ( 2 ). We also now recognize links between aberrant lysosomal function and several diseases, including lysosomal storage diseases (e.g., Tay-Sachs disease) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease), and also with aging ( 1 ). On page 83 of this issue, Folick et al. ( 3 ) indicate how lysosomes play a role in the latter—by deploying a lipid molecule to the nucleus, whose impact on gene expression extends life span in an animal model (the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans). The study not only uncovers a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway but also highlights the potential of lipids in mediating long-range physiological effects.
A recurrence among the elements of functions of triangular matrices

Abstract A simple relation exists among the elements of φ(T) when φ is an analytic function and T is triangular. This permits the rapid build up of φ(T) from its diagonal. Moreover, exp(B−1A) can be formed without inverting B.
Context sensitivity and insensitivity in object naming

Objects can almost always be called by more than one name, and the name chosen depends on the context. However, studies of naming in some tradi- tions elicit names by showing objects in isolation and asking merely What is it? If the names produced are not the same as those that would be given in more fully specified communicative contexts, the value of the tasks for understanding object naming is in doubt. The current study examined the effects of different communicative demands on naming of 60 household containers. A standard "free naming" task was contrasted with two other versions. In these two, partici- pants had the goal of getting an addressee to find a target object among others. In one, each object needed to be distinguished from a small set of dissimilar objects, visible to the addressee. In the other, each needed to be distinguished from a large set of similar objects, not visible to the addressee. Responses were sensitive to context in the number of modifiers produced. However, they were insensitive in the head nouns produced. Simple naming tasks such as What is it? can produce results for head nouns equivalent to those from tasks providing more fully speci- fied communicative contexts.
Microbiological monitoring and results of treatment of extraradicular endodontic infection.

This report describes a case where aggressive treatment of a tooth with Asymptomatic apical periodontitis was at first unsuccessful. The reason for the failure of the treatment was an established infection extraradicularly in the periapical lesion that only partly could be influenced by local and systemic antimicrobial treatment. The effectiveness of this treatment was monitored by microbiological sampling from the root canal, a fistulous tract, and, in the end, directly from the periapical lesion. The results of the monitoring were meaningful. They showed that the bacterial flora could be influenced, but not eliminated, and were strongly suggestive of an established infection outside the root. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a bacterial plaque on the surface of the root tip removed during the final surgical-endodontic treatment of the tooth. Following apicoectomy and removal of the periapical lesion, repair was uneventful with the formation of new bone in the surgical cavity after 6 months.
Augmentation of specific macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. Correlation with agents which enhance antitumor resistance.

Abstract Purified peritoneal macrophages harvested from allograft-bearing mice were shown by criss-cross cytotoxicity assays to be specifically cytolytic for the appropriate target cells. This response peaked approximately 12 days after a subcutaneous inoculation of 1 × 10 7 allogeneic MBL-2 or L1210 leukemia cells. Intraperitoneal treatment of MBL-2 allograft-bearing mice with a number of adjuvants including living BCG, pyran copolymer, Corynebacterium parvum, Staphylococcus aureus membranes, and thymosin acted synergistically to potentiate specific macrophage reactivity. However, enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed with levamisole, tilorone, calf spleen extract, and bovine serum albumin. The significance of these adjuvant-activated macrophages as participants in host antitumor resistance is discussed.
Methodology and measurement of adenylate energy charge ratios in environmental samples

A method for measuring ATP, ADP and AMP levels in environmental samples was devised, and applied to seawater and bacterial cell extracts. This procedure is specifically designed for measuring the extremely low concentrations of total adenine nucleotides ([AT]=[ATP]+[ADP]+[AMP]) that are apt to occur in most natural ecosystems (i.e., ≤10 ng AT ml-1 of sample extract). Although the current assay methodology can be used with purified firefly luciferase reagents, it has been suitably modified to accept crude luciferase preparations as well. ATP, ADP and AMP levels have been measured, and the corresponding energy charge (EC) ratios determined for seawater samples collected off the Southern California coast. The EC ratios ranged from 0.50 to 0.89, with peak values corresponding to the subsurface maxima in ATP and chlorophyll a concentrations, and the minimum values corresponding to the deepest water sampled (1500 m). The measurement of adenylate energy charge ratios in environmental samples can be a useful indicator of mean community metabolic activity and potential for cell growth.