cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RUMEN MOTILITY AS INFLUENCED BY PHYSICAL FORM OF OAT HAY.

Abstract The effect of oat hay, fed in the long condition and after grinding through 1/4-inch or 3/32-inch Hammermill screens, on the rumen motility of steers was studied. In one experiment all bedding was removed from the steers when the 3/32-inch hay was fed. Significant differences (P The average time required for the rumen contraction amplitude to become uniform when the diet was changed from long hay to 3/32-inch hay was 4 wk; 1/4-inch hay to 3/32-inch hay, 5 wk; 3/32-inch hay to long hay, 6 wk; and when the sawdust bedding was removed from the calves on the 3/32-inch hay, 2 wk. Frothy rumen ingesta and frequent bloating were observed in steers receiving the 3/32-inch hay diets; one death occurred. Scabrous materials in the diet may maintain or reinforce the tonic activity of the motor neurons responsible for rumen motility.
Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis XI: Determination of Muscle Relaxant-Analgesic Mixtures Using Reversed-Phase and Ion-Pair Techniques

High pressure liquid chromatography using reversed-phase and/or ion-pair techniques was used to optimize resolution of aspirin-containing muscle relaxant mixtures as well as other therapeutic agents commonly found in muscle relaxant-analgesic mixtures. The compounds were chromatographed on an octadecylsilane column using methanol--water solvent systems, some of which contained tetrabutylammonium cation as counterion. Mixtures of methocarbamol--aspirin and chlorzoxazone--acetaminophen were selected to demonstrate separation and quantification. The methocarbamol--aspirin mixture was chromatographed with methanol--water (40:60, pH 6.8) containing 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium cation at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The chlorzoxazone--acetaminophen mixture was chromatographed with methanol--water (50:50) at a 2.0 ml/min flow rate. The separation and quantitation of each mixture were achieved in approximately 8 min with accuracy in the 2--3% range.
Tetralogy of Fallot Clinical and Hemodynamic Spectrum of Combined Pulmonary Stenosis and Ventricular Septal Defect

The considerable body of clinical and physiologic data in patients with the tetralogy of Fallot that has been accumulated over the past 15 years now indicates that the original concept of the lesio...
Effect of freezing, thawing, drying, and cooking on carotene retention in carrots, broccoli and spinach

Effects of freezing, thawing, cooking and drying on carotene retention of carrots, broccoli and spinach were evaluated. Relative differences in carotene retention among these vegetables were compared. Dehydration, regardless of drying method, significantly reduced carotene in these vegetables. Carotene contents of fresh, vacuum and microwave dried samples for carrots, broccoli and spinach were 989, 459, 368; 106, 43, 40; and 455, 325, 314 μg/g, respectively. Lag time after thawing decreased mean carotene of vegetables significantly in a quadratic manner. Degradation of carotene was severe 6 hr after thawing, Cooking did not affect carotene and cooked samples contained 2.0, 2.9, and 1.2 times more carotene than the respective dehydrated vegetables. Destruction of carotene was relatively lower when initial concentrations were low.
POLLEN TRANSFER BY NATURAL HYBRIDS AND PARENTAL SPECIES IN AN IPOMOPSIS HYBRID ZONE.

Models of hybrid zones differ in their assumptions about the relative fitnesses of hybrids and the parental species. These fitness relationships determine the form of selection across the hybrid zone and, along with gene flow, the evolutionary dynamics and eventual outcome of natural hybridization. We measured a component of fitness, export and receipt of pollen in single pollinator visits, for hybrids between the herbaceous plants Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba and for both parental species. In aviary experiments with captive hummingbirds, hybrid flowers outperformed flowers of both parental species by receiving more pollen on the stigma. Although hummingbirds were more effective at removing pollen from anthers of I. aggregata, hybrid flowers matched both parental species in the amount of pollen exported to stigmas of other flowers. These patterns of pollen transfer led to phenotypic stabilizing selection, during that stage of the life cycle, for a stigma position intermediate between that of the two species and to directional selection for exserted anthers. Pollen transfer between the species was high, with flowers of I. aggregata exporting pollen equally successfully to conspecific and I. tenuituba flowers. Although this study showed that natural hybrids enjoy the highest quality of pollinator visits, a previous study found that I. aggregata receives the highest quantity of pollinator visits. Thus, the relative fitness of hybrids changes over the life cycle. By combining the results of both studies, pollinator-mediated selection in this hybrid zone is predicted to be strong and directional, with hybrid fitness intermediate between that of the parental species.
Sameness-difference matching from sample by chimpanzees

Two adult chimpanzees were trained on a sameness-difference matching from sample task with five levels of difficulty, ranging from a simple form of matching from sample in Phase 1, to a fully generalized form of matching from sample in Phase 5. The development of hypotheses by both subjects during each phase was analyzed. In Phase 1, both animals initially showed considerable position and random responding, both of which decreased as correct and 2/3-correct responding increased. In all later phases, however, position responding was minimal, random responding characterized the beginning of each phase, and correct responding characterized the end of each phase.
Effect of Water Temperature and Formulated Diets on Growth and Survival of Larval Paddlefish

Abstract Larval paddlefish Polyodon spathula were raised in tanks from hatching to metamorphosis at four constant water temperatures (16, 20, 24, and 28°C) and fed three salmonid diets with different physical densities. Larvae reared at 20°C and fed either of the two diets with the slower sinking rates had the best growth and survival at 30 d posthatch; survival ranged from 65 to 81%, and body weight ranged from 838 to 850 mg. A temperature of 24°C was sublethal and 28°C was lethal, whereas 16°C depressed survival and growth. Dietary nutrient content affected the proximate composition of larvae.
Improved power control bandwidth of grid-forming sources in a CERTS microgrid

Grid-forming sources allow islanded operation of microgrids by providing closed-loop regulation of the microgrid voltage and frequency. Dynamic control of the voltage magnitude and frequency around their rated values provides the means for balancing the reactive power and real power using CERTS droop algorithms. Power-regulating algorithms are also applied to constrain operation within the power limits of each source, but the power regulation bandwidths are typically low because of low system damping. The limitations to increasing the power regulation bandwidth are derived, and two methods for increasing the bandwidth are introduced using either active damping or loop-shaping techniques. A combination of analysis and experimental verification are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques for raising the power control gains in order to increase the power regulation bandwidth without degrading microgrid stability.
Essentials of genitourinary disorders in children: imaging evaluation.

Thereisarelativelyhighincidenceofcongenitalanomaliesof the urogenital tract (UGT) in the pediatric population. ImagingplaysakeyroleinthediagnosisofUGTabnormalities,but giventheinherentrisksofionizingradiation,caremustbetaken when choosing the particular modality and protocol to image childrenwithsuspectedpathology.WereviewtheimagingtechniquescommonlyinpracticeforimagingthepediatricUGTand describe imaging features of common congenital anomalies. In addition, we also discuss a brief review of acquired abnormalities, with an emphasis on testicular and ovarian torsion, infections, and tumors.
DEWEYAN DARWINISM FOR THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY: TOWARD AN EDUCATIONAL METHOD FOR CRITICAL DEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF THE INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES

Our society’s preoccupation with making educational policy and practice “scientific” is attested to by the stated mission of the Institute of Education Sciences: “to provide rigorous evidence on which to ground education practice and policy.” Early in the twentieth century, John Dewey also advocated for a vision of education guided by science, and more recent scholarship has validated many of his ideas. However, as Deborah Seltzer-Kelly argues in this essay, Dewey’s vision of a scientifically based system of education was very different from that envisioned by the IES, and also very different from that implied by the progenitor of contemporary evolutionary thought, Donald Campbell. Seltzer-Kelly proposes a Deweyan Darwinist model of educational method as a genuinely scientific alternative to the scientism that pervades current official efforts to imbue education with science. The implications of this model are profound, highlighting the difference between education as preparation for consent to authoritarian structures and education as preparation for genuinely democratic participation.
Healing of horizontal circumferential periodontal defects following regenerative surgery in beagle dogs.

Abstract Regenerative surgery of dog teeth with reduced periodontal support was undertaken to determine: (1) if new connective tissue attachment could be predictably attained back to the level of the cemento-enamel junction; and (2) to what extent the new attachment would be accompanied by bone regeneration, root resorption, and ankylosis. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction. The denuded root surfaces were exposed to the oral environment during a period of 3 months without plaque control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out employing citric acid root conditioning and coronally positioned flaps. 6 months later, histologic evaluation of the midbuccal and midlingual areas of mesial and distal roots revealed new attachment over extended portions of the root surfaces. In 9] of 120 available surfaces, there was no epithelial downgrowth apical to the cemento-enamel junction. Bone regeneration varied from negligible amounts to complete reformation. However, root resorption and ankylosis were prevalent features. 2 different types of resorptions could be distinguished: those occurring near the cemento-enamel junction (cervical resorption). and those occurring more apically in areas of newly formed bone (ankylosis-associated resorption). Resorption of either or both types was noted for 92 of the 120 surfaces.
Cohesion-Defective Mutants of Myxococcus xanthus

Cohesion of Myxococcus xanthus cells involves interaction of a cell surface cohesin with a component of the extracellular matrix. In this work, two previously isolated cohesion-defective (fbd) mutants were characterized. The fbdA and fbdB genes do not encode the cohesins but are necessary for their production. Both mutants produce type IV pili, suggesting that PilA is not a major cohesin.
N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA) prevents inflammation and oxidative stress in animals exposed to diesel engine exhaust.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a by-product of diesel engine exhaust (DEE), are one of the major components of air borne particulate matter (PM) in the urban environment. DEPs are composed of soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), redox active semi-quinones, and transition metals, which are known to produce pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects, thereby leading to oxidative stress-induced damage in the lungs. The objective of this study was to determine if N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA), a novel thiol antioxidant, confers protection to animals exposed to DEPs from oxidative stress-induced damage to the lung. To study this, male C57BL/6 mice, pretreated with either NACA (250 mg/kg body weight) or saline, were exposed to DEPs (15 mg/m3) or filtered air (1.5–3 h/day) for nine consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure. NACA-treated animals exposed to DEP had significant decreases in the number of macrophages and the amount of mucus plug formation in the lungs, as compared to the DEP-only exposed animals. In addition, DEP-exposed animals, pretreated with NACA, also experienced significantly lower oxidative stress than the untreated group, as indicated by the glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. Further, DEP-induced toxicity in the lungs was reversed in NACA-treated animals, as indicated by the lactate dehydrogenase levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the thiol-antioxidant, NACA, can protect the lungs from DEP-induced inflammation and oxidative stress related damage.
Meshfree adjoint methods for nonlinear filtering

We apply a new industrial strength numerical approximation, called the "meshfree adjoint method", to solve the nonlinear filtering problem. This algorithm exploits the smoothness of the problem, unlike particle filters, and hence we expect that meshfree adjoints are superior to particle filters for many practical applications. The nonlinear filter problem is equivalent to solving the Fokker-Planck equation in real time. The key idea is to use a good adaptive non-uniform quantization of state space to approximate the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. In particular, the adjoint method computes the location of the nodes in state space to minimize errors in the final answer. This use of an adjoint is analogous to optimal control algorithms, but it is more interesting. The adjoint method is also analogous to importance sampling in particle filters, but it is better for four reasons: (1) it exploits the smoothness of the problem; (2) it explicitly minimizes the errors in the relevant functional; (3) it explicitly models the dynamics in state space; and (4) it can be used to compute a corrected value for the desired functional using the residuals. We will attempt to make this paper accessible to normal engineers who do not have PDEs for breakfast.
Current controversies in the diagnosis and management of von Willebrand disease

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in the world. The spectrum of VWD spans quantitative and qualitative deficiencies of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a platelet adhesive protein. It manifests primarily as mucocutaneous bleeding, but severely affected patients may suffer soft tissue bleeding and hemarthroses. There is disagreement in the multiple guidelines published regarding diagnosis, especially of type 1 VWD, which also remains the most opaque with respect to molecular characterization. Treatment with desmopressin (DDAVP) is most effective in type 1 VWD, but regimens are not standardized. It is not clear which type 2 VWD patients with qualitative deficiencies can be treated with DDAVP and which ones should receive VWF concentrates. No guidelines stipulate which patients might benefit from prophylactic VWF infusions and how they should be dosed. These are some current controversies in VWD that are discussed in this review.
Optimal design of aircraft wing structures: a computer aided design method

Aircraft weight plays a significant role in its design because of its dominating effects on the vehicle overall performance. Statistical results suggested that the amplification impact factor of any weight-carrying component is about 4.525. That is, a 1.0 lb reduction in the structural weight translates to 4.525 lb reduction in gross aircraft takeoff weight. This paper focuses on the preliminary design of aircraft with optimized structural weight. The design concept is based on the optimal arrangement of the major force-carrying components within the aircraft. Further, it is shown that the optimum locations of the longitudinal wing spars results in, not only, minimum shear flows in spar webs and wing skins, but also, minimum axial stresses in the stringers of the wing spars. The net effect is an aircraft with minimum weight. The weight reduction is demonstrated by comparing the structural weight corresponding to the optimal arrangement with that corresponding to a randomly chosen arrangement. The computer aided design program developed in this research effort found the optimal locations of the two wing spars to be at 25% and 60% of the local chord length, respectively, after 136 iterations. Results indicate a 3.0% structural weight reduction (i.e., 13% takeoff) when only two spars are considered.
BRAT-BW

Summary: We introduce BRAT-BW, a fast, accurate and memory-efficient tool that maps bisulfite-treated short reads (BS-seq) to a reference genome using the FM-index (Burrows–Wheeler transform). BRAT-BW is significantly more memory efficient and faster on longer reads than current state-of-the-art tools for BS-seq data, without compromising on accuracy. BRAT-BW is a part of a software suite for genome-wide single base-resolution methylation data analysis that supports single and paired-end reads and includes a tool for estimation of methylation level at each cytosine. Availability: The software is available in the public domain at http://compbio.cs.ucr.edu/brat/. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pathways involved in proliferating, senescent and immortalized keratinocyte cell death mediated by two different TRAIL preparations

Properly regulated keratinocyte cell death is fundamentally important to maintain structural integrity and homeostatic function of epidermis. Moreover, from an oncological perspective, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting apoptosis of malignant cell types while sparing normal keratinocytes in surrounding skin is desirable. Apo2Ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) has been observed to preferentially induce cytopathic effects on transformed/malignant cell types compared with their non-neoplastic counterparts. In this report, two different biologically active preparations of Apo2L/TRAIL, a non-tagged version, NT-Apo2L/TRAIL, and a leucine zipper fusion protein, LZ-Apo2L/TRAIL, were examined for their ability to trigger apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes, and in an immortalized cell line (HaCaT cells). Differences between these preparations were observed, including: NT-Apo2L/TRAIL induced less keratinocyte apoptosis compared with LZ-Apo2L/TRAIL; NT-Apo2L/TRAIL also induced less apoptosis of HaCaT cells compared with LZ-Apo2L/TRAIL; LZ-Apo2L/TRAIL but not NT-Apo2L/TRAIL induced cytotoxic effects when keratinocytes became growth arrested due to undergoing spontaneous replicative senescence--a biological state previously observed to be resistant to UV-light-induced apoptosis. Similarities between preparations included: an enhanced ability for both Apo2L/TRAIL preparations to kill a greater relative percentage of HaCaT cells compared with keratinocytes; enhanced cytotoxicity towards keratinocytes that had their NF-B activity inhibited; a dependence of both Apo2L/TRAIL preparations on FADD and caspase activation; triggering of the same caspase cascades including caspase 8 and 3; and an ability to induce apoptosis even when HaCaT cells and keratinocytes were transduced to overexpress either Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L) (survival factors that reduce susceptibility to UV-light-induced apoptosis). These results indicate that while both preparations of Apo2L/TRAIL possess biological activity, there are important differences as regards their ability to induce apoptosis in normal and immortalized keratinocytes. Moreover, the death receptor pathway triggered by LZ-Apo2L/TRAIL can overcome the apoptotic resistance normally observed in response to UV-light mediated by Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L), as well as by the state of cellular senescence. Unraveling the molecular basis for these differential biological effects may reveal a new strategic role for these death receptor/ligands linked to apoptosis in maintaining the dynamic balance of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and cell death necessary to achieve a homeostatic thickness and function of normal skin. In addition, it may be possible to utilize these Apo2L/TRAIL preparations for the treatment of various sun-induced skin cancers as they can differentially trigger apoptosis of transformed keratinocytes, or keratinocytes with abnormal NF-kappaB signaling, while sparing adjacent normal keratinocytes.
Experimental evaluation of a novel switch control scheme for an active power line conditioner

Measurements on an experimental active power line conditioner with a novel switch control scheme for the neural network controller, called "fixed-frequency with variable slope" control, are described. The results agree with simulations and show that the new system is a simple yet effective approach to line current harmonic compensation.
Innate Response Activator B cells: origins and functions

Innate response activator (IRA) B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth factors granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-3. In mouse models of sepsis and pneumonia, B-1a B cells residing in serosal sites recognize bacteria, migrate to the spleen or lung, and differentiate to IRA B cells that then contribute to the host response by amplifying inflammation and producing polyreactive IgM. In atherosclerosis, IRA B cells accumulate in the spleen, where they promote extramedullary hematopoiesis and activate classical dendritic cells. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny and function of IRA B cells in acute and chronic inflammation.
THE BREEDING SYSTEM OF PONTEDERIA ROTUNDIFOLIA L., A TRISTYLOUS SPECIES

SUMMARY Populations of Pontederia rotundifolia in the Lower Amazon and Costa Rica are tristylous. A strong pollen trimorphism is associated with differences in stamen and style length in the three floral forms. The results of a controlled pollination programme with thirty individual plants of P. rotundifolia demonstrate that floral trimorphism is accompanied by a physiological self-incompatibility system typical of many heterostylous plants. Legitimate pollinations are considerably more productive of seed than illegitimate pollinations. Individual plants exhibit differences in the strength of self-incompatibility, but in general, short-styled plants possess the strongest self-incompatibility, long-styled plants are intermediate and mid-styled plants have the weakest self-incompatibility. Large differences in the strength of self-incompatibility are expressed in self-pollinations with pollen from the two anther levels of each style form. Natural populations of P. rotundifolia often contain only a single style form or contain unequal proportions of style forms. Seed set, resulting from moderate self-compatibility, occurred in a Cosra Rican population that contained only short-styled plants. Two populations associated with rice cultivation in the Lower Amazon contained equal proportions of the three style forms. The seed set of the three forms within these populations was similar. The floral trimorphism and breeding system of P. rotundifolia are compared with those of the related P. cordata and Eichhornia crassipes.
A Simple Model for the Light Curve Generated by a Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impact

The impact of a typical Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragment produced three light peaks as seen from Earth. The first peak is related to the entry of the fragment into the Jovian atmosphere. The second peak occurs when the exploding fireball rises above Jupiter's limb into direct view from Earth. The third peak, much the brightest, occurs when the ejecta plume falls back on the atmosphere. By contrast, Galileo, which had a direct view of the impacts, saw two peaks, one at entry, and one at plumefall. Here we present a simple, highly idealized model of a ballistic plume, which we then use to fit the observed light curve of the R impact as recorded at Mauna Kea and Mount Palomar. From the light curve we find that the nominal R fragment had diameter 450-500 m and mass approx. 2-3 x 10(exp 13) g. The uncertainty in the mass is probably about a factor of 3, with a smaller event more likely than a larger one.
Using Runs Rules to Monitor an Attribute Chart for a Markov Process

For some repetitive production processes, the quality measure taken on the output is an attribute variable. An attribute variable classifies each output item into one of a countable set of categori...
Tumor-targeting drug delivery of new-generation taxoids

A long-standing problem of conventional cancer chemotherapy is the lack of tumor specificity. Tumor-targeting drug-delivery systems have been explored to overcome this problem. These systems combine a powerful cytotoxic anticancer agent with a tumor-targeting molecule via a ‘smart’ linker to form highly efficacious drug conjugates. These drug conjugates can deliver potent cytotoxic drugs specifically to tumors and tumor cells with minimal systemic toxicity. This review describes our groups’ research on the molecular approaches to the design and development of a novel drug-delivery system bearing highly potent new-generation taxoids for tumor-targeting chemotherapy in our laboratory.
CSTutor: A Sketch-Based Tool for Visualizing Data Structures

We present CSTutor, a sketch-based interface designed to help students understand data structures, specifically Linked Lists, Binary Search Trees, AVL Trees, and Heaps. CSTutor creates an environment that seamlessly combines a user’s sketched diagram and code. In each of these data structure modes, the user can naturally sketch a data structure on the canvas just as they would on a white board. CSTutor analyzes the user’s diagrams in real time, and automatically generates code in a separate code view to reflect any changes the user has made. Additionally, the code can also be edited and any new code changes will animate the data structure drawn on the canvas. The connection between the data structure drawn on the canvas and the code implementation is intended to bridge the gap between the conceptual diagram of a data structure and the actual implementation. We also present the results of two semester-long studies using CSTutor in a CS1 course. The results indicate that students preferred CSTutor and were more engaged using it than a standard whiteboard lecture; however, results were mixed in quiz and exam performance.
Los testamentos de Alejo Venegas

Desde muy temprano, en vida del propio elogiado, la critica se ha venido haciendo lenguas de la jugosidad de la prosa y del profundo saber del maestro Alejo Venegas. Su contemporaneo, Alfonso Garcia Matamoros decia ya en su Apologia pro adserenda hispaniorum eruditione (Alcala, 1553): "Alexius Venegius prope infinitae et stupendae delectionis vir, qui et subtilitate ingenii, et disciplinarum varietate, et morum honestate et elegantia nulli est postponendus" (parrafo147). Otro ilustre contemporaneo, Juan Gines de Sepulveda, escribia por esos mismos anos: "Virum non solum humanioribus literis in primis eruditum, sed etiam in studio Theologiae versatum" (Epistola CXIII). Y el primer gran bibliografo espanol, don Nicolas Antonio, se hizo eco de todo esto ensu Bibliotheca Hispana Nova , donde estampo: "Vir fuit infinitae prope ac stupendae lectionis, subtilitate ingenii, disciplinarum varietate, et elegantia postponendus nemini".
Establishment and Rearing of Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on a Meridic Diet

An improved method for rearing peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, on a lima bean-based diet is described. Two lines of A. lineatella were established successfully using this method. Both lines were comparable with field-collected insects in developmental rate, adult longevity, and pupal weights. Fecundity of one of the lines exceeded published values for wild females after five generations on artificial diet, but fecundity of the other line was considerably reduced, probably as a result of inbreeding depression. Direct observations indicated that moisture on the diet surface was an important factor in the establishment of neonates, with 90% survival achieved under optimum conditions. Crowding was also a mortality factor. At 27 ± 2oC, development from neonate to adult required ≈27.5 d. Virgin adult activity patterns were bimodal, with both sexes being active after onset of scotophase, and with males seeking mates and mating during the last 2 h of the scotophase. Using this method we were able to rear A. lineatella with greater success and with less effort than had been reported previously.
Lasers highlight policy blindspots

Military lasers now used for targeting and other functions can also blind people and damage optical sensors, and lasers specifically designed for that purpose may be deployed before society has decided what to do about them.
Malachite green influence on calcium (45Ca2+) absorption by sorghum root tips

Abstract Malachite green (MG) [N‐[4‐[[4‐dimethylamino)phenyl] phenyl‐methylene]‐2,5‐cyclohexadien‐l‐yl idene] ‐N‐methyl‐methanarninium chloride] (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mM) was evaluated for influence on calcium (45Ca2+) absorption by 1‐cm root‐tips of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. cv GP‐10, SC283, SC574, and Funk G522DR]. Calcium (45Ca2+) absorption was significantly decreased in all four cultivars at 0.1 mM. LD50’s were Funk G522DR (0.15 mM), GP10 (0.25 mM), SC283 (0.30 mM), and SC574 (0.31 mM).
The impact of health education on the compliance behavior of patients with gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention on patients with gestational diabetes.Methods All 160 cases of gestational diabetes were randomly divided into observation group and control group 80 cases.The control group was prescribed to symptomatic care,and the observation group focuses on the implementation of health education intervention,compliance behavior observed in both groups as well as pregnancy outcome.Results The glycemic control of the observation group was supior to the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).The effect of health education of the observation group was better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Observation the group along the production ratio was higher,and cesarean delivery,fetal head to attract production,forceps,shoulder dystocia rate was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).The observation group maternal pregnancy induced hypertension,polyhydramnios,premature delivery,and postpartum hemorrhage rate was significantly lower than the control group,the observer group of the great child,neonatal asphyxia,fetal malformation rate was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significance(P 0.05).The two groups were not stillborn.Conclusion To strengthen the clinical care of patients with gestational diabetes and health education to increase understanding of the pregnant women during pregnancy knowledge,can effectively control blood sugar,significantly reduced the occurrence of gestational diabetes complications,to improve maternal and perinatal child pregnancy outcome.
Analysis of death causes among 0-14 years old children in Zhangjiagang from 2007 to 2011

Objective To understand the main causes of death among 0- 14 children in Zhangjiagang,to formulate policies and measures for government departments.Methods A statistical analysis about age and gender death rate,death constitution and death cause sequence was performed which used the 0- 14 children's death data from the national disease surveillance system.Results The average death rate among 0- 14 children from 2007 to 2011 was 51.16/100 000.The mortality of boys was 57.26/100 000.The mortality of girls was 44.84/100 000.The mortality rate of infrants in 0- age group was the highest(484.29/100 000),and neonatal deaths accounted for 62.24% of infant deaths.The top five death causes were injury and poisoning,congenital malformation,perinatal diseases,nervous system diseases and cancer accounting for 91.56% of total deaths.Drowning,traffic accidents and accidental asphyxia in injury and poisoning were the top three.Conclusion Preventing drowning,traffic accidents,congenital malformation and perinatal period diseases are effective measures to reduce 0-14 children's mortality to guarantee their health.
Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride : An anorexigenic agent

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of dexfenfluramine hydrochloride are reviewed. Dexfenfluramine, the dextrorotatory isomer of fenfluramine, is indicated for use in the management of obesity in patients with a body mass index of > or = 30 kg/m2, or > or = 27 kg/m2 in the presence of other risk factors. Unlike fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine is a pure serotonin agonist. Dexfenfluramine may mimic the effect of carbohydrate intake. Systemic bioavailability is about 68%, and the drug is metabolized in the liver. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, dexfenfluramine was effective in reducing weight in obese patients given the drug for three or six months. In trials lasting one year, the statistically significant weight loss occurred during months 4 to 6. Dexfenfluramine reduces blood pressure, percent glycosylated hemoglobin, and concentrations of blood glucose and blood lipids, but these benefits may be indirect. Dexfenfluramine may also be of some value in controlling eating habits in diabetic patients, preventing weight gain after smoking cessation, and treating bulimia, seasonal affective disorder, neuroleptic-induced obesity, and premenstrual syndrome. Dexfenfluramine's most frequent adverse effects are insomnia, diarrhea, and headache; it has also been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension. The drug should not be combined with other serotonergic agonists because of the risk of serotonin syndrome. The recommended dosage is 15 mg twice daily. Dexfenfluramine is effective in the treatment of obesity in selected patients. Because its efficacy is lost after six months of continuous treatment, it should be viewed primarily as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
Management of diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common acute complication of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is defined as the triad of hyperglycemia, acidosis and ketosis. Once diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected, the diagnosis should be established rapidly and treatment initiated. Fluid administration, insulin therapy and correction of metabolic abnormalities are the cornerstones of therapy. Treatment of any underlying illnesses, particularly infection, is also essential to ensure the best possible outcome. Appropriate patient monitoring allows the clinician to assess therapy and make necessary adjustments.
Suramin Inhibits Gonadotropin Action In Rat Testis: Implications For Treatment Of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Abstract Suramin is being evaluated for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer based on its inhibition of growth factor action. In addition, suramin may inhibit the endocrine control of androgen production, which was explored herein. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected (i.p.) daily with varying doses of suramin. At a cumulative dose of 200 mg., suramin significantly depressed serum testosterone (p In vitro studies showed that suramin-mediated suppression of androgen production might be secondary to inhibition of gonadotropin action. In MA-10 cell cultures, suramin inhibited a maximum stimulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin with an ED 50 of 4.4 μΜ. Studies in rat Sertoli cell cultures showed that follicle stimulating hormone action was also inhibited by suramin, with an ED 50 of 8.6 μΜ. Using receptor binding assays with calf testis membrane, we showed that suramin inhibited 125 I-hFSH binding to receptor in a dose dependent fashion with an ED 50 of 10.4 μΜ; comparable to the ED 50 of suramin inhibition of follicle stimulating hormone action in Sertoli cell culture cells. Thus the mechanism of suramin’s suppression of androgen production may involve multiple sites of action, including inhibition of gonadotropin binding to its receptor and suppression of pituitary gonadotropin levels in serum. This inhibition of androgen production may be useful in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
A captive peptide for T cell activation

Cancer immunotherapy boosts the immune system’s ability to seek out and, ultimately, destroy cancer cells. One of the most effective ways of mediating an antitumor immune response is through the generation of cytotoxic T cells. These potent immune cells directly kill their target cells in addition to secreting cytokines such as interferon-γ, which aid in tumor rejection. Because the tumor microenvironment actively suppresses the differentiation of cytotoxic T cells, immunotherapy is required to provoke an adequate anticancer response. In a recent study, Choi and colleagues demonstrated the ability of dendritic cell therapy to induce cytotoxic T cell–mediated killing of melanoma cells in mice. The authors engineered protein cage nanoparticles made of the bacterial protein, encapsulin. The resultant encapsulin nanocompartments were 30 nm in diameter, which is an ideal size for navigating the lymphatic system. Furthermore, they were capable of carrying diverse cargos, including the antigenic peptide, OT-1, used in these experiments. To establish proof of principle, the authors devised a model system in which OT-1, an 8-amino acid residue of the protein ovalbumin, was used in conjunction with a melanoma cell line genetically engineered to express ovalbumin. In mouse experiments, encapsulin cage nanoparticles delivered OT-1 to dendritic cells, which subsequently presented the antigen to naive T cells. Treatment induced OT-1 specific T cell differentiation into cytotoxic T cells in the spleen and increased interferon-γ production. Subcutaneous melanoma tumor growth was markedly hindered when immunotherapy was used prophylactically. Results were more modest when the vaccination was administered 10 days after tumor inoculation, although the authors speculate that a booster injection would improve outcomes. This study underscores the potential of encapsulin cage nanoparticles in enabling the dendritic cell–mediated activation of cytotoxic T cells for cancer cell killing. Utility is anticipated to be highest when used at early stages of tumor generation, when it is easiest for T cells to infiltrate the tumor. Future work is needed to extend results in this model ovalbumin system to a human tumor model and to evaluate the utility and timing of booster administration. Ultimate translation will depend on the identification of antigenic peptide sequences specific to the type of cancer being treated. B. Choi et al. , Effective delivery of antigen–encapsulin nanoparticle fusions to dendritic cells leads to antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activation and tumor rejection. ACS Nano 10.1021/acsnano.5b08084 (2016). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsnano.5b08084
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women. The subspecialties of psychiatry and gynecology have developed overlapping but distinct diagnoses that qualify as a premenstrual disorder; these include premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These conditions encompass psychological and physical symptoms that cause significant impairment during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, but resolve shortly after menstruation. Patientdirected prospective recording of symptoms is helpful to establish the cyclical nature of symptoms that differentiate premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder from other psychiatric and physical disorders. Physicians should tailor therapy to achieve the greatest functional improvement possible for their patients. Select serotonergic antidepressants are first-line treatments. They can be used continuously or only during the luteal phase. Oral contraceptives and calcium supplements may also be used. There is insufficient evidence to recommend treatment with vitamin D, herbal remedies, or acupuncture, but there are data to suggest benefit from cognitive behavior therapy.
Anterior cingulotomy for intractable pain

Abstract Conservative therapy is often the first-line treatment for many symptoms of various disease processes, including pain. Nevertheless, if pharmacological or medical management fails for those patients with severe and chronic pain, a surgical strategy may be a reasonable option. First performed for psychiatric disorders, cingulotomy now has been recognized as a viable option for the management of pain. The authors review the literature on anterior cingulotomy for intractable pain to provide guidelines for management and expected outcomes.
In Patients with Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis Does Clot Removal Improve Functional Outcome When Compared to Traditional Anticoagulation

Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis is a common clinical condition which often results in post-thrombotic syndrome, a cause of long-term morbidity due to diminished function. The mainstays of treatment for deep vein thrombosis include anticoagulation and compression therapy but these only prevent propagation of the venous clot. Therapeutic options which actively remove clot decrease the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome when compared to conventional anticoagulation alone, an effect attributed to alleviated obstruction and decreased damage to venous valves. Removal of venous clot with catheter-directed thrombolysis is a safe, effective treatment option which can improve functional outcomes in iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. In patients with contraindication to thrombolytic therapy, surgical thrombectomy is an alternative which also improves functional outcomes in iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.
Marketing Benchmarking, Triangulated Isomorphism, and Firm Strategy

The research outlines forces that threaten a firm’s ability to retain competences that lead to comparative advantage. We argue that resource specialization within competence creation can create resource lock-in which can make the firm vulnerable to interfirm casual ambiguity, intra-firm casual ambiguity, and reward system misalignment. Together, the three elements can result in a triangulated isomorphism which can decrease competence retention. Also, we posit that retention of competences in the presence of triangulated isomorphism results in a new product development focus on incremental (rather than radical) innovations. Discussion and conclusion ensue.
On-product overlay improvement with an enhanced alignment system

The final lithography accuracy is determined by what is known as the “on-product” performance, which includes product wafer-related errors and long-term stability. It is evident that on-product performance improvement is absolutely imperative now, and will become even more crucial in coming years. In order to meet customers’ future requirements, we have developed the next-generation lithography system focusing on wafer alignment advancements to improve onproduct performance. This newly developed wafer alignment system will help customers achieve their aggressive next-generation manufacturing accuracy and productivity requirements. In this paper, we describe the details of the new wafer measurement system and provide supporting performance data.
Length‐to‐Diameter Ratio of Extrudates in Catalyst Technology: III. Catalyst Breakage in a Fixed Bed

A correlation is demonstrated to predict the reduction in the mean length to diameter ratio of catalyst extrudates by breakage due to stress in a fixed bed. The stress can be caused either by the reactor load or the stress can be externally applied as in the bulk crush strength measurement. The strength characteristic of particular interest here is the extrudate bending strength characterized by the Euler-Bernoulli modulus of rupture. The balance of the bending strength to the applied stress leads to a new dimensionless group. Extrudates in a fixed bed start to break above a specific critical stress and their mean length to diameter ratio then becomes linearly proportional with this dimensionless group to the power one third.
Potential of UAV lidar systems for geospatial mapping

Recently, developments in airborne sensors and easy to fly, reliable, low-cost commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAVs, have opened a new era for high quality and reliable mapping from UAVs using remote sensing techniques. The restricted payload capacity of low-cost UAVs imposes constraints on the quality of their navigation systems and the sensors they can carry. Therefore, LIDAR sensors with limited sample rate are utilized within the UAV system. This article introduces several applications that utilizes UAV-LIDAR systems, processing of a sample dataset downloaded from the internet and a new system that is being developed and flown. Our data was collected with DJI S900 Hexacopter and a VLP-16 LIDAR system from Velodyne. We then process the raw data to generate the 3D point cloud. The test site is a farming site so we classified the points into ground points and vegetation points. The results are very promising as an early research investigation. Currently, we are planning for other flights with more rigorous systems and quantitative evaluation.
Nel nome della madre. Ripensare la figura della maternità

Nel nome della madre is a volume of essays that examine the mother from a multidisciplinary perspective and offer diverse narratives about motherhood from antiquity to the present. These different ...
Uncoordinated Human Responses During Epidemic Outbreaks

Uncoordinated human behavioral responses triggered by risk perception can alter the evolution of an epidemic outbreak further and beyond control measures imposed by public authorities. In fact, spontaneous behavioral changes could develop as a defensive response during the spread of an epidemic, thereby impacting the epidemic dynamics and affecting timing and overall number of cases. In this chapter, a model coupling the classic SIR disease transmission model with an imitation dynamics process is introduced which accounts for the diffusion of different behaviors in the population as a response to the epidemic threat. A detailed analysis of the model identifies the main determinants leading to remarkable alterations in infection dynamics in both risk perception and diffusion of human behavioral patterns. Empirical evidence points to the need of incorporating human behavior in prediction models informing public health decisions.
Mica/polypyrrole (doped) composite containing coatings for the corrosion protection of cold rolled steel

Micas/polypyrroles (PPys) doped with molybdate, p-toluene sulfonate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and 2-naphthalene sulfonate composite pigments were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization and characterized in coatings for corrosion protection on cold rolled steel substrate by various electrochemical techniques. Synthesized composite pigments were characterized for morphology by scanning electron microscopy, which indicated physical formation of PPy on the surface of mica. Chemical composition of the composite pigments was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which chemically confirmed doped PPy formation on the mica surface. Coatings were formulated at 20% pigment volume concentration (composite pigments or as-received mica pigment) and were applied on cold rolled steel substrate. Coatings were exposed to salt spray test conditions (ASTM B117) for 30 days and were periodically assessed for corrosion with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP), and potentiodynamic polarization. EIS and circuit modeling results demonstrated higher coating resistance (R c) for mica/PPy (doped) composite coatings as compared to as-received mica pigment containing coating after 30 days of salt spray exposure. Lower current density and more positive corrosion potential values were observed for mica/PPy (doped) composite coatings as compared to mica pigment-based coating in potentiodynamic polarization measurements, indicating improved corrosion protection for cold rolled steel substrate. OCP measurements revealed more positive values for mica/PPy (doped) composite coatings as compared to mica pigment-based coating suggesting superior corrosion protection for mica/PPy (doped) composites.