cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MYC Immunohistochemistry to Identify MYC-Driven B-Cell Lymphomas in Clinical Practice

Objectives: Immunohistochemistry with anti-MYC antibody (MYC IHC) detects MYC protein in fixed samples of aggressive B-cell lymphomas and, according to the number of positive staining tumor nuclei, facilitates tumor subclassification, predicts underlying MYC rearrangements, and stratifies patient outcome. We aimed to determine the performance of MYC IHC in clinical practice. Methods: We reviewed MYC IHC performed on control specimens and 256 aggressive B-cell lymphomas and compared clinically reported IHC scores with experts’ review. Results: Control tissues showed less than 5% variation in daily IHC staining. Reported and expert IHC scores were well correlated ( r = 0.86) with an SD of 14.2%. Reported IHC scores 30% or less and 70% or more were accurate (94.5%) compared with experts in categorizing tumors as “MYC IHC-Low” and “MYC IHC-High,” respectively, but scores 40% to 60% were not (60.3%). The mean IHC score among lymphomas with MYC rearrangements was 80%, but with a large range of scores (20%-100%). There was no statistically significant association between IHC score and MYC copy number. Conclusions: Under optimal conditions, clinically reported MYC IHC scores are concordant with expert scores within 15%. MYC IHC does not capture all B-cell lymphomas with MYC rearrangements, however. MYC IHC and MYC fluorescence in situ hybridization are both recommended to identify MYC-driven B-cell lymphomas.
Enhancing Medical Decision-Making Evaluations: Introduction of Normative Data for the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument

A number of measures have been developed to assess medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in adults. However, their clinical utility is limited by a lack of available normative data. In the current study, we introduce age-independent and age-adjusted normative data for a measure of MDC: the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument. The sample consisted of 308 cognitively normal, community-dwelling adults ranging in age from 19 to 86 years. For age-adjusted norms, individual raw scores were first converted to age-corrected scaled scores based on position within a cumulative frequency distribution and then grouped according to empirically supported age ranges. For age-independent norms, the same method was utilized but without age-corrections being applied or participants being grouped into age ranges. This study has the potential to enhance MDC evaluations by allowing clinicians to compare a patient's performance on the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument with that of adults regardless of age as well as to same age peers. Tables containing normative corrections are supplementary material available online at http://asm.sagepub.com/supplemental.
Ceria-Modified Manganese Oxide/Titania Materials for Removal of Elemental and Oxidized Mercury from Flue Gas

High surface area ceria-titania materials were used as supports for manganese oxide for both warm-gas mercury capture and low temperature selective catalytic reduction. These materials exhibited excellent mercury capture capability at 175 °C. Increasing manganese loadings improves the mercury capacities. In the presence of SO2, only a small decrease in mercury capacity was observed for the CeO2–TiO2 adsorbents. CeO2–TiO2 adsorbents similarly showed excellent stability in the presence of CO and NO. It was also found that the CeO2–TiO2 support can capture Hg0 and Hg2+ simultaneously from nitrogen at 175 °C; the total mercury capacities were high. Brunauer–Emmentt–Teller surface area measurements suggested that increasing manganese loading reduced the surface area due to pore blockage. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that MnOx is in an amorphous state on CeO2–TiO2 materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the adsorbed mercury is present as both Hg0 and Hg2+ on these ceria-...
Conditions of transfer of morphine tolerance by brain extracts.

SummaryThe experiments reported give further support of the possibility of transferring morphine tolerance by administration of material extracted from the brain of tolerant animals. However, for reasons still unknown, brain extracts identically prepared from donors subjected to the same treatment show widely varying potencies. To demonstrate the effect of low potency extracts, higher doses have to be given with a longer interval between administration of the extracts and testing of their effect. Not all tests are equally suitable for showing the transfer of tolerance: graded responses are less satisfactory than quantal effects. The shift in the mortality curve of morphine, although less sensitive than the analgesic effect, is particularly suitable for an easy demonstration of the transfer of tolerance. Purification of the transfer factor, although still incomplete, has reached the point where administration of 0.1 to 0.2 μg of material per mouse induces significant tolerance to the analgesic effect of mo...
Information Flows in Encrypted Databases

In encrypted databases, sensitive data is protected from an untrusted server by encrypting columns using partially homomorphic encryption schemes, and storing encryption keys in a trusted client. However, encrypting columns and protecting encryption keys does not ensure confidentiality - sensitive data can leak during query processing due to information flows through the trusted client. In this paper, we propose SecureSQL, an encrypted database that partitions query processing between an untrusted server and a trusted client while ensuring the absence of information flows. Our evaluation based on OLTP benchmarks suggests that SecureSQL can protect against explicit flows with low overheads (< 30%). However, protecting against implicit flows can be expensive because it precludes the use of key databases optimizations and introduces additional round trips between client and server.
Toward tightly bound carboxylic acid-based organic dyes for DSCs: relative TiO2 binding strengths of benzoic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, and conjugated double carboxylic acid anchoring dyes

Abstract Strong anchoring groups are essential in the fabrication of the highest efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) devices and for promoting long-term stability of photosensitizers in DSCs. While many metal-based sensitizers frequently make use of multiple anchors, synthesizing purely organic dyes with multiple anchors, especially those with anchors in direct conjugation with donor structures, has proved challenging. Novel quinoxaline-based dyes utilizing double donor/double acceptor structures can fill this gap in dye design understanding through a novel double donor-π-bridge-double acceptor (DD-π-AA) dye. These dyes have been synthesized with the optical and electrochemical properties, electron injection efficiencies, and relative binding strengths characterized. Fluorescence lifetime measurements show favorable electron injections from all dyes. Submersing dye-sensitized TiO 2 plates in a hydrolytic solution reveals desorption rates up to 180 times slower for dyes containing multiple carboxylic acid anchors compared to single acid anchors.
Essence of a Climate Model

Climate models are constructed from mathematical equations that describe the behavior of its components: Atmosphere, Ocean, Ice and Land. This chapter describes the structure of a coupled climate model, including common features and concepts used across different components. Coupling is the term used to define the modeling of the interactions of the components. The equations of the climate model are programmed into a computer, much like budget-management equations are coded in a spreadsheet. The equations represent of the physical, chemical and biological laws that quantify the climate. There can be simple or comprehensive sets of equations, ranging from ‘simple’ models of the energy balance to complex models of the full climate system. The complexity in some ways mirrors the history of climate models. The construction and form of these different models are described, and the challenges of using climate models on large computers are also discussed.
University of Pennsylvania, More on MBL

In 1966, Gordon Ellis, Hidemi Sato, and I left our unfulfilled aspirations at the Dartmouth Medical School and moved to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. As we established the Program in Biophysical Cytology in the Biology Department there, Bertha and Ralph Woodward, Bob Knudson and his family, and Dick Markley moved to Philadelphia with us. Geoff Pollitt, on the other hand, was hired by Keith Porter to become the first business manager for the Biology Department at Harvard.
Frontal System Syndromes

Clinically, frontal lobe syndromes, frontal network syndromes, frontal systems syndromes, executive dysfunction, and metacognition have all been used to describe disorders of frontal lobes and their extended networks although they are not all synonymous. Anatomically they refer to those parts of the brain rostral to the central sulcus. However, because the frontal lobes network with every other part of the brain, strictly speaking, frontal network syndromes constitute the most accurate neurobiological depiction. The term, frontal network syndromes (FNS) emphasizes the universal connectivity of the frontal lobes with all other brain regions. For example, the stroke literature is replete with FNS that have been reported with discreet lesions outside the anatomical boundary of the frontal lobe, such as subcortical gray matter, subcortical white matter, with isolated lesions of the brainstem, cerebellum, temporal and parietal lobes [1–8]. For the purposes of simplification, five primary, core or elementary syndromes and numerous secondary syndromes may be delineated. Impairment in working memory, executive function, conation, inhibition, and emotional control may be regarded as the elementary deficits of FNS. In addition a number of secondary manifestations may be identified such as a wide array of behavioral abnormalities such as loss of social norms, imitation behavior, compulsions, and obsessions [9, 10]. Fig. 12.1.
Real-time label-free detection of DNA synthesis by FBAR-based mass sensing

This paper reports a real-time detection of DNA polymerase reaction through mass sensing with film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) coated with self-assembled DNA sequences. This label-free, real-time detection of DNA synthesis can potentially lead to detection of single nucleotide addition for DNA sequencing application, which can be developed into a low-cost, third-generation DNA sequencing system capable of reading thousands of nucleotides in a single run.
Adherence and systemic reaction rates to allergy immunotherapy among veterans.

Background Although allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is effective and safe, nonadherence is common. Limited data exist regarding adherence to AIT, factors that affect adherence, and systemic reactions associated with AIT among veteran populations. Objective To evaluate adherence to AIT and the prevalence of reactions secondary to AIT among patients at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of veterans who received AIT at a single Veterans Affairs facility. Age, race, sex, the total number of shots, travel distance, a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the number of severe adverse reactions were compared between the veterans who were adherent and veterans who were nonadherent. Results The overall adherence rate was 60.9%. Factors associated with adherence were a chart diagnosis of PTSD (29.3% [adherent group] versus 13.6% [nonadherent group]; p = 0.03) and home residence being a further distance from the facility (21.9 miles / 35.2 kilometers [adherent group] versus 18.0 miles / 28.9 kilometers [nonadherent group]; p = 0.03). Patients who were adherent received an average of more total injections compared with patients who were nonadherent. Age, sex, race, and history of systemic reactions during AIT displayed no statistically significant differences between the groups. There were a total of 20 systemic reactions, and the systemic reaction rate was 0.2% per AIT encounter and 0.1% per injection. Conclusion AIT adherence and systemic reaction rates among veterans at our facility was comparable with similar studies. Adherence was associated with a chart diagnosis of PTSD and home residence that was further away from the clinic.
A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

This qualitative study explored and compared the subjective experiences of 102 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms: (a) body scan, (b) mindf...
Expanding palliative care’s reach in the community via the elder service agency network

Over the past two decades, palliative care has established itself as a promising approach to address the complex needs of individuals with advanced illness. Palliative care is well-established in US hospitals and has recently begun to expand outside of the hospital setting to meet the needs of non-hospitalized individuals. Experts have called for the development of innovative community-based models that facilitate delivery of palliative care to this target population. Elder service agencies are important partners that researchers should collaborate with to develop new and promising models. Millions of older adults receive aging network services in the U.S., highlighting the potential reach of these models. Recent health care reform efforts provide support for community-based initiatives, where coordination of care and services, delivered via health and social service agencies, is highly prioritized. This article describes the rationale for developing such approaches, including efforts to educate elder service agency clients about palliative care; training agency staff in palliative care principles; building capacity for elder services providers to screen individuals for palliative care needs; embedding palliative care "champions" in agencies to educate staff and clients and coordinate access to services among those with palliative care needs; and leveraging telehealth resources to conduct comprehensive assessments by hospital palliative care teams for elder service clients who have palliative care needs. We maintain that leveraging the resources of elder service agencies could measurably expand the reach of palliative care in the community.
New generation 6.5 kV SiC power MOSFET

Following the recent advances in the production of 3.3 kV and 10 kV SiC power MOSFETs, Wolfspeed launched an effort to develop a new generation 6.5 kV SiC power MOSFET to fill the medium-to high-voltage fast switching device void in applications such as rail traction and mediumvoltage motor drives. The characteristics of the new generation 6.5 kV SiC power MOSFET rated at a drain current of 30 A, are presented for the first time. The device shows a typical R DS, on th of 3.6 V (at I D =1 mA) measured at room temperature. Our 6.5 kV SiC power MOSFET includes a useable body diode with low V f and reverse-recovery charge at operating temperature. The use of the body diode as a freewheeling device is demonstrated, eliminating the need for an external anti-parallel freewheeling SiC JBS diode, hence, reducing size and cost of a system. The effects of changing the 6.5 kV SiC power MOSFET gate runner design on the internal on-chip gate resistance and the MOSFET switching capability are presented.
Introduction to Statistical Consulting

“What is statistics?” is a question often addressed at the beginning of a statistical text, which may partly explain why there is a need for statistical consultants: everybody skips to the next chapter only to be greeted by probability theory. So, what is statistical consulting then? Ultimately, it is about communication since the answer to the first question is that statistics is about any problem, in any field of study, that involves random variation. Of course, this does mean every field of study and problem necessarily falls into this category, but c’est la vie — we can accept that.
Can Work Be Required in the Medicaid Program

Can Work Be Required in the Medicaid Program? The Trump administration is now encouraging states to develop work requirements for Medicaid eligibility. But this new policy conflicts with federal law, undermines the health of Medicaid beneficiaries, and will cause disenrollment.
Squamous Cell Cancer of the Liver Arising from a Solitary Benign Nonparasitic Hepatic Cyst

A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a solitary benign nonparasitic hepatic cyst (SBNHC) causing bile duct obstruction is presented. A review of the literature regarding SBNHC suggests that, although these lesions may appear benign, they may also undergo metaplastic and subsequent malignant transformation. This appears to be particularly true when the SBNHC is lined with squamous epithelium. Once squamous cell carcinoma arises from one of these lesions, the prognosis is extremely grave, despite all forms of surgical and medical management.
Effects of Bubble Injection on Heat Transfer from a Volumetrically Heated Sulfate Salt Solution

The fissioning of uranium in an aqueous solution creates 99Mo, the precursor to 99mTc, but also generates large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen from the radiolysis of the water. When the dissolved g...
A practical implementation of large transcriptomic data analysis to resolve cryptic species diversity problems in microbial eukaryotes.

Transcriptome sequencing has become a method of choice for evolutionary studies in microbial eukaryotes due to low cost and minimal sample requirements. Transcriptome data has been extensively used in phylogenomic studies to infer ancient evolutionary histories. However, its utility in studying cryptic species diversity is not well explored. An empirical investigation was conducted to test the applicability of transcriptome data in resolving two major types of discordances at lower taxonomic levels. These include cases where species have the same morphology but different genetics (cryptic species) and species of different morphologies but have the same genetics. We built a species comparison bioinformatic pipeline that takes into account the nature of transcriptome data in amoeboid microbes exemplifying such discordances. Our analyses of known or suspected cryptic species yielded consistent results regardless of the methods of culturing, RNA collection or sequencing. Over 95% of the single copy genes analyzed in samples of the same species sequenced using different methods and cryptic species had intra- and interspecific divergences below 2%. Only a minority of groups (2.91–4.87%) had high distances exceeding 2% in these taxa, which was likely caused by low data quality. This pattern was also observed in suspected genetically similar species with different morphologies. Transcriptome data consistently delineated all taxa above species level, including cryptically diverse species. Using our approach we were able to resolve cryptic species problems, uncover misidentification and discover new species. We also identified several potential barcode markers with varying evolutionary rates that can be used in lineages with different evolutionary histories. Our findings demonstrate that transcriptome data is appropriate for understanding cryptic species diversity in microbial eukaryotes.
Posterior Lumbar and Sacral Approach and Stabilization: Intralesional Lumbar Resection

The posterior approach to the lumbar spine and sacrum is familiar to most spine surgeons and avoids the need for an access surgeon. Given the familiarity of this technique, the posterior approach is a workhorse for most spine surgeons when treating tumors in this region. For most situations involving metastatic tumors to the spine, an intralesional tumor debulking strategy is used to decompress the nerve roots, separate tumor from the dura, and simultaneously stabilize the spine. The advantage of the posterior approach is that this can all be done in the same setting.
The Now and Beyond of Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictor of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Since their approval in 2014, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)2 have transformed cancer care. However, the effectiveness of these agents varies greatly among different tumor types and across individual patients. This variation is a substantial challenge for optimal use of ICIs. Several response predictors have been reported, including high drug target expression (e.g., programmed death-ligand 1), increased abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or the presence of mutations in DNA repair genes. Yet, each predictor has limited utility as a biomarker for patient selection. A recent article in Science describes how several promising studies have now indicated that tumor mutational burden (TMB) may succeed when other response predictors have failed and may serve as a highly predictive pan-tumor biomarker of ICI sensitivity (1). TMB is defined as the total number of nonsynonymous …
From “Propaganda” to “Guided Communication”. Animating Political Communication in Digital China

This essay investigates the recent boom in the use of animated cartoons for political communication in China which began in late 2013. A series of political cartoons are examined against the background of a comprehensive media revolution designed by top-following the Chinese Communist Party’s (hereafter CCP) new understanding of the role of media and public opinion. I argue, by looking closely at the creative use of political cartoons, that the CCP has adjusted its views on the role of media in the digital age – from propaganda mouthpiece, to guiding opinion unifier for popularizing the Party’s rule. Their efforts and success in stimulating a significant number of responses through the use of animated cartoons has given rise to a new communication model of mixing top-down and bottom-up flow of message. Behind the new model was the CCP’s changing understanding of the public: from “target audience of propaganda” to guided audience, and then to central players in popularizing the Party. The major media reform since Xi took office in early 2013 has laid institutional, managerial and editorial foundations to sustain this conceptual change in practice. The boom in political cartoons is the most conspicuous result of that.
"At-risk" kidney: How surgical factors influence renal functional preservation after partial nephrectomy.

Objectives To investigate the influence of surgical modifiable factors on chronic kidney disease upstaging in a contemporary cohort of patients with normal and "at-risk" kidneys undergoing partial nephrectomy. Methods We reviewed 778 consecutive patients with (n = 634)/without (n = 144) chronic kidney disease or risk factors for chronic kidney disease in our institutional partial nephrectomy database. Chronic kidney disease upstaging was assessed using glomerular filtration rate measurements preoperatively and at 3-12 months postoperatively. Using a multivariate logistic regression, baseline clinicodemographic factors, and the operative measurements of excisional volume loss and warm and cold ischemia time on rates of chronic kidney disease upstaging were determined. Marginal effects were used to analyze the impact of ischemia time and generate interaction curves. Results Chronic kidney disease/risk factors for chronic kidney disease had equivalent rates of chronic kidney disease upstaging as the healthy kidney cohort (31.5% vs 38.2%, P = 0.15). Of the entire cohort, 2.8% were upstaged to stage IV-V chronic kidney disease. Multivariate analysis found a significant association between chronic kidney disease upstaging and excisional volume loss in both cohorts (no chronic kidney disease/risk factors for chronic kidney disease: odds ratio 1.63, P = 0.04; chronic kidney disease/risk factors for chronic kidney disease: odds ratio 1.42, P = 0.001). Only in the chronic kidney disease/risk factors for chronic kidney disease cohort, there was an association between ischemia type/duration and chronic kidney disease upstaging (odds ratio 1.04, P = 0.04). Warm ischemia began to predict an increased risk of chronic kidney disease upstaging at 17.6 min, which became statistically significant at 49 min. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease upstaging is common after partial nephrectomy. Although volume loss unequivocally affects rates of upstaging irrespective of baseline renal function, warm ischemia time disproportionately influences "at-risk" kidneys. Therefore, strong consideration should be given to minimizing volume loss and using cold ischemia when extended clamp times are anticipated in "at-risk" kidneys.
N-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-9H-fluoren-9-imine

The title compound, C19H12ClN, was synthesized via reaction of 9-fluorenone and 4-chloro­aniline using p-toluene­sulfonic acid in toluene. The dihedral angle between the fluorene moiety (r.m.s. deviation = 0.027 A) and the chloro­phenyl ring is 64.59 (6)° and a possible weak intra­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action occurs.
Chemical Proteomic Analysis of S-Fatty Acylated Proteins and Their Modification Sites.

Protein S-fatty-acylation, the covalent addition of a long-chain fatty acid, predominantly palmitate (S-palmitoylation), to cysteine, is a highly dynamic and regulated process that controls protein function and localization of membrane-associated proteins in eukaryotes. The analysis of S-fatty acylated peptides by mass spectrometry remains challenging due to the hydrophobic and potentially labile thioester linkage of the S-fatty acylated peptides.Here we describe an optimized protocol for the global analysis of S-palmitoylated proteins based on the combination of an alkyne-tagged chemical reporter of palmitoylation, alk-16 with hydroxylamine-selective hydrolysis of thioester bonds. This protocol decreased the number of false positive proteins and was applied to identify S-fatty acylation sites, providing modification sites for 44 proteins out of the 106 S-fatty acylated proteins identified.
Selective molecular separation of lignin model compounds by reduced graphene oxide membranes from solvent-water mixture

Selective separation of lignin depolymerization products is key to fractionating and isolating high-value aromatic compounds from the depolymerization process. The primary aim of this study was to synthesis graphene oxide (GO) membranes for selective separations of lignin oligomeric units from polar organic solvent-water media. GO membranes were synthesized on a polymeric substrate by a shear assisted casting of aqueous GO dispersion using a wire-wound rod. Deposited GO was then reduced to different extents by controlled thermal incubation, and the impact on membrane performance was investigated. The extent of reduction of GO was established by extensive characterization with FTIR, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy, XRD, and contact angle measurements. Impressive performance with the rejection of over 70% for the model compound trimer BMP (2,6-bis[(2-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl) methyl]-4-methylphenol) was achieved compared to only 20% rejection for the dimer GGE (guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacylether) with isopropanol-water (90-10% by volume) as a solvent. This corresponds to an encouraging selective separation with selective permeation of dimer (GGE) 3.5 times higher compared to trimer (BMP). rGO membranes exhibited a stable performance over 84 h of operation at a shear rate of 1.1 Pa in a cross-flow mode of operation. Selective separation of GO can be effectively modulated by controlling the O/C ratio by the extent of reduction of GO; indeed, the retention of trimeric compounds increased with increasing GO reduction. The remarkable performance of GO membranes could enable energy-efficient fractionation of lignin oligomeric compounds from polar organic solvents.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the shared epitope theory: from hypothesis to practice

Checkpoints are inhibitory receptors expressed on activated T cells. During the process of carcinogenesis, tumor cells progressively express multiple inhibitory receptor-ligands to prevent T cell recognition and elimination. Consequently, therapeutic blockade of these checkpoints, or their ligands, helps recover anti-tumor immunity. Checkpoint inhibitors have been considered as a new armory for cancer patients due to the broad effectiveness of three agents blocking the inhibitory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 (the ligand for PD-1) (1). Based upon prolonged overall survival in clinical trials, antibodies inhibiting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 have been approved by the FDA for multiple clinical indications, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and other adult and pediatric solid tumors.
Applications for stem cells

Abstract Stem cell technology has stimulated new ideas in tissue engineering and many novel applications, especially for pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), are being developed at a rapidly increasing pace. Induced PSCs (iPSCs) have been particularly instrumental in some of the most advanced applications. The ability to make these broadly capable cells from any individual human or animal has inspired ideas that could not have been imagined a decade ago. In this chapter, we give examples of some of the most exciting uses of iPSCs that are just starting to become reality, from reconstructing neural circuits in human brains to generation of artificial gametes for efforts to rescue endangered species.
Self-Reported Allergy to Thyroid Replacement Therapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) and predictable ADRs, to thyroid replacement therapy (TRT). TRT is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (LT4) is among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States, with over 70 million prescriptions annually. Documented immediate DHRs to TRT are rare, with only a few case reports. Methods: An 11-year (2008–2018) retrospective medical chart review of identified patients with self-reported allergy to TRT. ADRs to TRT were divided into immediate DHRs and predictable ADRs. Results: A total of 466 patients were included in our study. We found an overall incidence of ADRs to TRT of 0.3%. Median age was 61.2 years; 85.8% were women, and 94.4% were Caucasian. The principal indication for TRT was autoimmune hypothyroidism (73.6%), followed by postsurgical hypothyroidism (17.4%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (6.7%). Predictable ADR manifestations to TRT were reported more commonly than DHR manifestations (57.5% vs. 42.5%, respectively). The most frequently reported of the former were palpitations (16.4%), nausea/vomiting (9.3%), and tremor (6.3%), while rash (23.8%), hives (9.5%), and pruritus (7.1%) were the most common regarding the latter. Fifty-six percent of the patients with an ADR to TRT tolerated an alternative TRT presentation. Conclusion: In our cohort, the majority of self-reported allergies to TRT were due to predictable ADRs rather than an immediate DHR. Abbreviations: ADR = adverse drug reaction; DHR = drug hypersensitivity reaction; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; LT3 = liothyronine; LT4 = levothyroxine; SCAR = severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction; TRT = thyroid replacement therapy
Web-based virtual reality to enhance behavioural skills training and weight loss in a commercial online weight management programme: The Experience Success randomized trial.

Objective Commercial online weight management programmes are popular and easily accessible but often lack training in empirically validated behaviour change strategies and produce suboptimal outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of a Web-based virtual reality (VR) programme for enhancing behavioural skills training and weight loss when offered as an adjunct to a commercial online weight management programme. Methods N = 146 adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] 27-40 kg/m2) were randomized to 6 months of no-cost access to the Weight Watchers (WW) online platform alone or enhanced with the Experience Success (WW + ES) programme, consisting of four Web-based VR sessions for training in behavioural weight-loss skills related to the home environment, the workplace, physical activity and social situations (i.e., a party at a friend's house). Weight was measured at the research centre at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results Both groups achieved statistically significant weight loss across the trial, with no difference in mean ± standard error (SE) weight loss between WW and WW + ES at 3 months (2.7 ± 1.1 kg vs. 4.2 ± 1.1 kg, respectively; P = .086) but greater weight loss in WW + ES at 6 months (2.6 ± 1.3 kg vs. 4.9 ± 1.3 kg, respectively; P = .042). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of Web-based VR skills training to enhance outcomes of commercial online weight management programmes that are widely accessible. Compared with traditional didactic methods for online skills training, VR simulation provides opportunities to learn behavioural skills via modelling and experiment with skills in real-world situations. More research is needed to identify specific behavioural mechanisms by which ES may improve outcomes.
Camera-Based Modal Fingerprinting of Cavity Resonances in a Photonic Crystal Nanobeam

Utilizing distinct features in the leaky region of k-space as ‘modal fingerprints’, we demonstrate resonant mode identification in a photonic crystal nanobeam via infrared camera measurements with a ∼19dB detection SNR improvement over transmission measurements.
Prognostic value of the Simpson grading scale in modern meningioma surgery: Barrow Neurological Institute experience.

OBJECTIVE Recently, the prognostic value of the Simpson resection grading scale has been called into question for modern meningioma surgery. In this study, the authors analyzed the relationship between Simpson resection grade and meningioma recurrence in their institutional experience. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent resection of a WHO grade I intracranial meningioma at the authors' institution from 2007 to 2017. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess for predictors of Simpson grade IV resection and postoperative neurological morbidity. Cox multivariate analysis was used to assess for predictors of tumor recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) of Simpson resection grades, respectively. RESULTS A total of 492 patients with evaluable data were included for analysis, including 394 women (80.1%) and 98 men (19.9%) with a mean (SD) age of 58.7 (12.8) years. The tumors were most commonly located at the skull base (n = 302; 61.4%) or the convexity/parasagittal region (n = 139; 28.3%). The median (IQR) tumor volume was 6.8 (14.3) cm3. Simpson grade I, II, III, or IV resection was achieved in 105 (21.3%), 155 (31.5%), 52 (10.6%), and 180 (36.6%) patients, respectively. Sixty-three of 180 patients (35.0%) with Simpson grade IV resection were treated with adjuvant radiosurgery. In the multivariate analysis, increasing largest tumor dimension (p < 0.01) and sinus invasion (p < 0.01) predicted Simpson grade IV resection, whereas skull base location predicted neurological morbidity (p = 0.02). Tumor recurrence occurred in 63 patients (12.8%) at a median (IQR) of 36 (40.3) months from surgery. Simpson grade I resection resulted in superior RFS compared with Simpson grade II resection (p = 0.02), Simpson grade III resection (p = 0.01), and Simpson grade IV resection with adjuvant radiosurgery (p = 0.01) or without adjuvant radiosurgery (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, Simpson grade I resection was independently associated with no tumor recurrence (p = 0.04). Simpson grade II and III resections resulted in superior RFS compared with Simpson grade IV resection without adjuvant radiosurgery (p < 0.01) but similar RFS compared with Simpson grade IV resection with adjuvant radiosurgery (p = 0.82). Simpson grade IV resection with adjuvant radiosurgery resulted in superior RFS compared with Simpson grade IV resection without adjuvant radiosurgery (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Simpson resection grading scale continues to hold substantial prognostic value in the modern neurosurgical era. When feasible, Simpson grade I resection should remain the goal of intracranial meningioma surgery. Simpson grade IV resection with adjuvant radiosurgery resulted in similar RFS compared with Simpson grade II and III resections.
Research and Development of NDIR Sensor and Its Application In On-Line Detection of CF4 Gas

Due to the excellent insulation and arc extinguishing properties of SF6 gas, it is widely used in the production and use of high voltage GIS. However, due to the breakdown of discharge and overheat, SF6 gas decomposes and produces a variety of low fluorine sulfides. Therefore, the concentration of CF4 gas in the high-voltage switch state can be effectively determined by detecting high-voltage GIS. This paper puts forward a kind of semiconductor laser based gas detection (NDIR) technology, the flange fixed installation in high voltage switch, optical fiber sensing structure can realize remote, real-time online monitoring of CF4 gas content. The experiment shows that the flange fiber optic sensor on-line monitoring device can realize the effective measurement of CF4 gas. The research results show that maximum field intensity on the surface of basin insulator is 10.788kV/mm, which is lower than the control field strength of 20kV/mm under the SF6 gas insulation condition, therefore the E-field near the basin insulator does not affect the operation of the optical fiber sensor. In the case of 1m light path, the detection limit of CF4 gas near 1312nm is less than 0.5ppm. The results of this study can provide an entirely new scheme for on-line monitoring of high-pressure open-light SF6 gas decomposition products, which can realize real-time on-line monitoring of the internal gas of the high voltage GIS equipment.
Strengthening the Carbon-Ionomer Interaction Feeds Catalytic Sites Better

The Huang group at the University of California, Los Angeles demonstrates slightly oxygenated carbon substrate can strengthen the interaction with ionomers at the three-phase interface in membrane electrode assembly, resulting in performances exceeding U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) targets.
Discharge from Recovery Room in Ambulatory Surgery Centers

Ambulatory surgery has gained tremendous popularity within the last 2–3 decades. More and more surgeries are performed on outpatient basis at ambulatory surgery centers. The understanding of how the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) functions is important in the appropriate care and discharge of the patients. Multiple phases of recovery exist and patients can be triaged based on their emergence from anesthesia. PACU discharge scoring systems have been implemented to progress a patient through the stages of recovery until discharge. The scoring systems initially developed by Aldrete, later modified by Chung and White, are still being used today. Discharge from ambulatory surgery centers has unique concerns when compared with discharge from PACU to hospital wards. This chapter will discuss the special considerations when discharging patients from PACU in ambulatory surgery centers.
Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Conference 11733

Introduction to SPIE Defense and Commercial Sensing conference 11733: Geospatial Informatics XI
Problem-Solving Efficiency and Cognitive Load for Adaptive Parsons Problems vs. Writing the Equivalent Code

Novice programmers need differentiated assessments (such as adaptive Parsons problems) to maximize their ability to learn how to program. Parsons problems require learners to place mixed-up code blocks in the correct order to solve a problem. We conducted a within-subjects experiment to compare the efficiency and cognitive load of solving adaptive Parsons problems versus writing the equivalent (isomorphic) code. Undergraduates were usually more significantly efficient at solving a Parsons problem than writing the equivalent code, but not when the solution to the Parsons problem was unusual. This has implications for problem creators. This paper also reports on the mean cognitive load ratings of the two problem types and the relationship between efficiency and cognitive load ratings. Lastly, it reports on think-aloud observations of 11 students solving both adaptive Parsons problems and write-code problems and the results from an end-of-course student survey.
LIFE BEFORE VEGETABLES: Nutrition, Cash, and Subjunctive Health in Samoa

Since the 1950s, Samoa has faced rapid changes in food systems and labor practices, creating an environment in which health conditions such as diabetes touch every individual. Through an ethnographic analysis of Samoan people’s attitudes toward the novel food category of vegetables, this article explores how intersecting health promotion and development discourses instrumentalize vegetables as a source of both health and sickness, and as signs of poverty or wealth. This dual instrumentalization simultaneously positions vegetables as objects of trade that may generate wealth for farmers and as objects of health that may accrue nutrition to combat chronic sickness. I introduce the notion of subjunctive health to analyze people’s preoccupation with vegetables, even when these are rarely eaten. In Samoa, subjunctive health frames the consumption of vegetables in several ways: as if vegetables were both plentiful and essential to a proper meal, as if people were not healthy before imported vegetables were introduced, as if it were possible to sustain one’s family through gardening alone. The subjunctive highlights how health is constructed as aspirational, relying on an as if logic that entangles economic and nutritional conditions. It operates through the daily acts of nourishing one’s family to erase from view those biocolonial processes that generated an environment in which chronic diseases flourish.
Contemporary Issues in Remote Design Collaboration

The COVID-19 Pandemic has exacerbated challenges in remote design collaboration during the past year. Public policy has shifted almost all activities into a remote format. This separation in physical space results in challenges in design collaboration and design work. Three topics that have become more complicated during our study during the pandemic and are explored here. These topics are the Mind–Body Dichotomy, Perspective, and Wicked Problems.
Trajectory Planning and Kinematic Control of a Stewart Platform-Based Manipulator

This paper deals with the trajectory planning and control of a robot manipulator that has 6 degrees of freedom and was designed based on the mechanism of the Stewart Platform. First the main components of the manipulator will be described and its operation will be explained. We then briefly present the solutions for the forward and inverse kinematics of the manipulator. After that, two trajectory planning schemes will be developed using the manipulator inverse kinematics to track straight lines and circular paths. Finally experiments conducted to study the performance of the developed planning schemes in tracking a straight line and a circle will be presented and discussed.
Understanding drivers of hospital charge variation for episodes of care among patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Abstract Background Understanding factors associated with variation in hospital charges may help identify means to increase savings. The aim of the present study was to define potential variation in hospital charges associated with hepatopancreatobiliary(HPB) surgery. Methods Patients who underwent an HPB procedure between 2009–2013 were identified. Total hospital charges were tabulated for room and board, surgical/anaesthesia services, medications, laboratory/radiology services and other miscellaneous charges. Results Approximately 2545 patients underwent either a pancreas (66.8%) or liver/biliary (33.2%) resection. The mean total charges for all patients were $42 357 ± 33 745 (pancreas: $46 352 ± 34 932 versus the liver: $34 303 ± 29 639; P' P P P P P = 0.001; laboratory, highest quartile: $4236 ± $5991 versus lowest quartile: $3028 ± $3804; all P Conclusions After accounting for in‐hospital complications, the total mean hospital charges for HPB surgery remained variable by case type and provider. While the variation in charges was associated with LOS, provider‐level differences in across‐the‐board charges were also noted.
Multi-step problem solving using scratch: a preliminary report

The researchers have conducted weekly after-school computer laboratory sessions with fifth and sixth graders using visual programming languages and both robots and a virtual environment. Following several individual exercises in the virtual environment, teams of students were formed and asked to perform a multi-step task in both the virtual environment they work with regularly and an unfamiliar version of the robot environment. Upon completion of the tasks it was clear that the students have a strong grasp of multi-step problems and are able to identify the salient steps of the multi-step problem and translate it to the two different environments.
A Survey of Optimal Recovery

The problem of optimal recovery is that of approximating as effectively as possible a given map of any function known to belong to a certain class from limited, and possibly error-contaminated, information about it. In this selective survey we describe some general results and give many examples of optimal recovery.
Pulmonary ultrasound and pulse oximetry versus chest radiography and arterial blood gas analysis for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot study

In low-resource settings it is not always possible to acquire the information required to diagnose acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Ultrasound and pulse oximetry, however, may be available in these settings. This study was designed to test whether pulmonary ultrasound and pulse oximetry could be used in place of traditional radiographic and oxygenation evaluation for ARDS. This study was a prospective, single-center study in the ICU of Harborview Medical Center, a referral hospital in Seattle, Washington, USA. Bedside pulmonary ultrasound was performed on ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Pulse oximetric oxygen saturation (SpO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), provider diagnoses, and chest radiograph closest to time of ultrasound were recorded or interpreted. One hundred and twenty three ultrasound assessments were performed on 77 consecutively enrolled patients with respiratory failure. Oxygenation and radiographic criteria for ARDS were met in 35 assessments. Where SpO2 ≤ 97 %, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between SpO2/FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 was 0.83, p < 0.0001. The sensitivity and specificity of the previously reported threshold of SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 315 for PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 was 83 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 68–93), and 50 % (95 % CI 1–99), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 235 for PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 was 70 % (95 % CI 47–87), and 90 % (95 % CI 68–99), respectively. For pulmonary ultrasound assessments interpreted by the study physician, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound interstitial syndrome bilaterally and involving at least three lung fields were 80 % (95 % CI 63–92) and 62 % (95 % CI 49–74) for radiographic criteria for ARDS. Combining SpO2/FiO2 with ultrasound to determine oxygenation and radiographic criteria for ARDS, the sensitivity was 83 % (95 % CI 52–98) and specificity was 62 % (95 % CI 38–82). For moderate–severe ARDS criteria (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200), sensitivity was 64 % (95 % CI 31–89) and specificity was 86 % (95 % CI 65–97). Excluding repeat assessments and independent interpretation of ultrasound images did not significantly alter the sensitivity measures. Pulse oximetry and pulmonary ultrasound may be useful tools to screen for, or rule out, impaired oxygenation or lung abnormalities consistent with ARDS in under-resourced settings where arterial blood gas testing and chest radiography are not readily available.