cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geometric nonlinear analysis of multicomponent nonideal distillation: a simple computer-aided design procedure

Abstract A simple noniterative design procedure for multicomponent distillation columns is developed. The procedure is based on the geometric theory of distillation presented in our previous work, and applies to constant relative volatility, ideal, nonideal, and azeotropic mixtures. The design technique provides an accurate and efficient method for determining the number of theoretical trays in the column, the optimum feed-plate location, and the exact product distribution, without the use of lengthy iterative schemes involving column simulations, as is the current practice. The procedure is easily extended to incorporate reactive distillation columns, as well as the retrofit design of distillation columns. The design procedure is illustrated using a number of multicomponent systems, including the mixture acetic acid—water—ethyl acetate—ethanol, which exhibits three binary azeotropes, one ternary azeotrope, and a nonideal vapor phase.
Dynamic Lumbar Tracking With Occupational Whole-Body Vibration Exposure

Low back pain is one of the most costly and common musculoskeletal disorders, affecting up to 80% of the adults in their lifetime [1]. Whole body vibration (WBV) has been found to be a major risk factor in the etiology of low back pain with WBV increasing low back disorder risk from 1.2 to 39.5 fold depending on the occupational exposure duration and magnitude [2–3]. Recent research has demonstrated that exposure to sinusoidal whole body vibration of 5 Hz leads to increased propriceptive errors and delayed neuromotor response to external perturbation [4]. These results suggest a potential mechanism for low back injuries, namely that vibration may alter neuromotor control leading to poor stabilization and control of low back motion, increasing the risk of injury. However, the methods used to assess these changes in proprioception are static measures, require a good deal of equipment and setup time, and have a high variance, particularly with removal of electrodes and sensors, that make them impractical for the industrial setting. In addition, previous studies have only examined the effect of pure sinusoidal vibration exposure rather than the mixture of frequencies seen in occupational settings. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a dynamic measure of lumbar sensory accuracy and neuromotor control that could be used easily in the workplace and to examine the effects of WBV vibration on the measure using an occupationally-relevant vibration exposure.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effects of celiprolol and other antihypertensive agents on serum lipids and lipoproteins.

Abstract The expected reduction in coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality has not been observed in intervention trials with antihypertensive agents, and attention has focused on the lipid and lipoprotein effects of antihypertensive agents. Diuretics, especially thiazides, chlorthalidone, and the loop diuretics, increase total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels with generally no significant change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Selective and nonselective β-blockers decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase triglyceride levels, whereas those with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity do not significantly alter lipid and lipoprotein levels. Celiprolol, a β-blocker with vasodilatory effects, appears to favorably affect lipid and lipoprotein levels as do the α 1 -adrenergic blockers. The other commonly used antihypertensive agents do not produce significant effects.
Law, science and medicine

Law, Science And Medicine Areen, J.; King, P.A.; Goldberg, S.; and, Capron, A.M. (University Casebook Series, The Foundation Press, Inc., Mineola, New York, 1984), 1,494 pages, $34.50.
Libraries of opiate and anti-opiate peptidomimetics containing 2,3-methanoleucine.

Abstract A library of 96 peptides/peptidomimetics was prepared, in which half was based on the YGGFL-NH2 sequence, while the remainder were derivatives of a presumed anti-opiate peptide, YGGFLRF-NH2. Of the 48 compounds in each half of the library, 32 contained a stereoisomer of 2,3-methanoleucine substituted for Leu5. Binding of the YGGFL-NH2 derivatives to the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, and to the anti-β-endorphin monoclonal antibody (clone 3E7), indicated any change at the Leu5 had little effect on the binding when compared with modifications to the YGGF-sequence. Conversely, cyclo-Leu residues did alter the binding of YGGFLRF-NH2 derivatives when substituted for Leu5. Of these 32 peptidomimetics, three derivatives of 2S,3S-cyclo-Leu had relatively low Ki values for binding to an NPFF receptor. Differences between the outcome of the screens were interpreted in terms of the position of the cyclo-Leu residue in the two sequences.
ML-1 cell line lacks a germline MLL locus.

Gene rearrangements involving MLL (also known as ALLI, HRX, or Htrx) are among the most common molecular abnormalities associated with acute leukemia. These leukemias generally have one allele involved in a rearrangement, while the remaining allele is uninvolved and demonstrates a germline MLL configuration. In this study, we describe a leukemic cell line that does not have a germline MLL allele and thus cannot produce a normal MLL gene product. We show that the ML-1 cell line, derived from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia, has one allele involved in a t(6; 11)(q27;q23), while the remaining MLL allele is deleted. Cloning of the genomic breakpoints on the derivative(6) and der(11) chromosomes demonstrated a balanced translocation between MLL on chromosome band 11q23 and AF6 on chromosome band 6q27. Sequence analysis of the derivative chromosomes revealed that a 186-bp segment of MLL intron 6, downstream of the breakpoint, had been duplicated, inverted, and inserted between MLL and AF6 on the der(11) chromosome. In light of the fact that ML-1 cells can be induced to differentiate along the granulocyte and macrophage lineages, the finding that ML-1 lacks a germline MLL allele demonstrates that a normal MLL gene is not required for survival, proliferation, or differentiation of this cell line. Genes Chromosom Cancer 16:204–210 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of a force production task and a working memory task on pain perception

Abstract The goal in the current study was to examine the analgesic effects of a pinch grip-force production task and a working memory task when pain-eliciting thermal stimulation was delivered simultaneously to the left or right hand during task performance. Control conditions for visual distraction and thermal stimulation were included, and force performance measures and working memory performance measures were collected and analyzed. Our experiments revealed 3 novel findings. First, we showed that accurate isometric force contractions elicit an analgesic effect when pain-eliciting thermal stimulation was delivered during task performance. Second, the magnitude of the analgesic effect was not different when the pain-eliciting stimulus was delivered to the left or right hand during the force task or the working memory task. Third, we found no correlation between analgesia scores during the force task and the working memory task. Our findings have clinical implications for rehabilitation settings because they suggest that acute force production by one limb influences pain perception that is simultaneously experienced in another limb. From a theoretical perspective, we interpret our findings on force and memory driven analgesia in the context of a centralized pain inhibitory response. Perspective This article shows that force production and working memory have analgesic effects irrespective of which side of the body pain is experienced on. Analgesia scores were not correlated, however, suggesting that some individuals experience more pain relief from a force task as compared to a working memory task and vice versa.
Regulation of glutathione S-transferase gene expression and activity by dietary selenium.

Abstract To determine selenium′s effects on glutathione S-transferase gene expression and enzyme activity, weanling rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet, or the same diet supplemented with 0.1 (control) or 2.0 mg selenium/kg diet as sodium selenite, for 91 days. Consumption of either the selenium-deficient or high selenium diet increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, compared to the control diet. Transcription of genes for glutathione S-transferase subunits was unaffected by selenium intake. Steady state levels of mRNA for glutathione S-transferase subunits were affected variably by changes in selenium intake, depending upon the tissue and subunit examined. These results suggest that the biological effects of selenium may be due in part to its regulation of gene expression for glutathione S-transferase family enzymes.
BRAIN TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS FOR SWINE USING EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW

In this study, numerical simulations are performed to analyze the brain temperature reduction in swine during selective head cooling, whole body cooling or while the animals experience ischemia. Brain temperature is calculated using a time dependent thermal model that incorporates available experimental measurements of the rectal temperature, the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. The calculated temperature distribution is validated against the in vivo temperature measurements recorded during the different experiments. These comparisons help to better understand the relations between brain temperature, blood flow and metabolic activity, which are essential to successfully apply hypothermia in the treatment of brain injury. The calculations presented here reproduce the temperature behavior observed in all the experiments considered. It is observed that the arterial temperature and the cerebral metabolic rate are important parameters that affect the deep tissue temperature. It is also concluded that the accurate knowledge of parameters such as the skin and bone thermal conductivity are necessary for effective modeling.
Is pemphigus an anti-adhering junction autoimmune disease?

The skin as an organ hardly ever fails. Even in extreme old age it almost always performs flawlessly its functions of protection from infection and fluid retention. Therefore, it is a tribute to the potentially terrible power of the immune system that its autoantibodies, in patients with pemphigus, can wreak havoc on the normal structure and function of the skin, and cause death through skin failure. How do these antibodies cause this severe and debilitating disease? How do they interfere with the normal function of the skin? Not all the answers are available now, but this review will discuss how these antibodies bind components of structures crucial for keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion, thus providing one possible mechanism of interference in the normal integrity of the epidermis.
Is Clinical Psychology Doctoral Training Becoming Less Intellectually Diverse? And If So, What Can Be Done?

Longitudinal data of psychotherapy theoretical orientations (PTO) for faculty from within clinical psychology programs were analyzed for a period of over two decades. Results from multilevel modeling demonstrated that clinical psychology has moved from a field that was relatively balanced in percentages of faculty from cognitive-behavioral (CBT), psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, and family PTOs to one that has shown highly significant linear growth for a single PTO: CBT. All other PTOs (except family) showed significant linear decline. To some extent, important research findings from other PTOs have been co-opted into CBT, but essential aspects of this work have been stripped down, muddied, or lost in a conflation with CBT treatments. We suggest that the field has lost significant intellectual diversity during the past two decades and identify how intellectual monocultures have been damaging to the success of other scientific disciplines and research groups. Tangible solutions are offered to correct this trend, including the establishment of an intellectual diversity task force, the APA's dissuasion of the establishment of monocultures within its evaluation of training, increased support for research investigation of more diverse approaches to psychotherapy, organizing of minority PTOs in order to lobby for larger research and professional training goals, and increased mentoring opportunities from minority PTO faculty.
Painting by Numbers: Increasing the Parts List for Chromatin Domains

In this issue of Molecular Cell, van Bemmel and colleagues (2013) report the genome-wide mapping of 42 novel chromatin factors, systematically identifying new components of the various chromatin domains present in fly cells.
Plant tissue culture and molecular biology as tools in understanding plant development and in plant improvement

Abstract The ability to introduce foreign genes into plant cells and to study their transient expression as well as their stable integration into the plant genome, followed by the regeneration of fertile transgenic plants from single transformed cells, forms the basis of many exciting achievements. Together, these provide a new insight into the molecular basis of plant growth and development, and unique opportunities for engineering better and more efficient plants for the future.
Fission neutron damage rates and efficiencies in several metals

Abstract Initial rates of resistivity-measured low-temperature damage production by fission-spectrum fast neutrons have been determined for 14 metals in the same very well characterized irradiation facility. Six of these metals were fcc, five were bcc, and three were hcp. Most were of quite high purity. Observed damage rates, after correction for all known extraneous resistivity-producing effects, were compared with rates predicted by the damage calculation code “RECOIL”, using parameters chosen from the literature. These parameters, effective displacement threshold energy, Ed, and Frenkel-pair resistivity, ρF, were in many cases only best estimates, the further refinement of which may be aided by the present results. Damage efficiencies (measured/predicted rates) follow the same trends by crystal classes as seen in other fast-neutron studies.
A Systematic Review of the Treatment of Nausea and/or Vomiting in Cancer Unrelated to Chemotherapy or Radiation

Abstract Context A systematic review of antiemetics for emesis in cancer unrelated to chemotherapy and radiation is an important step in establishing treatment recommendations and guiding future research. Therefore, a systematic review based on the question "What is the evidence that supports antiemetic choices in advanced cancer?" guided this review. Objectives To determine the level of evidence for antiemtrics in the management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer unrelated to chemotherapy and radiation, and to discover gaps in the evidence, which would provide important areas for future research. Methods Three databases and independent searches using different MeSH terms were performed. Related links were searched and hand searches of related articles were made. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective single-drug studies, studies that used guidelines based on the etiology of emesis, cohort studies, retrospective studies, and case series or single-patient reports. Studies that involved treatment of chemotherapy, radiation, or postoperation-related emesis were excluded. Studies that involved the treatment of emesis related to bowel obstruction were included. The strength of evidence was graded as follows: 1) RCTs, A; 2) single-drug prospective studies, B1; 3) studies based on multiple drug choices for etiology of emesis, B2; and 4) cohort, case series, retrospective, and single-patient reports, E. Level of evidence was determined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (May 2001) (A, B, C, D). Results Ninety-three articles were found. Fourteen were RCTs, most of them of low quality, based either on lack of blinding, lack of description of the method of randomization, concealment, and/or attrition. Metoclopramide had modest evidence (B) based on RCTs and prospective cohort studies. Octreotide, dexamethasone, and hyoscine butylbromide are effective in reducing symptoms of bowel obstruction, based on prospective studies and/or one RCT. There was no evidence that either multiple antiemetics or antiemetic choices based on the etiology of emesis were any better than a single antiemetic. There is poor evidence for dose response, intraclass or interclass drug switch, or antiemetic combinations in those individuals failing to respond to the initial antiemetic. Conclusion There are discrepancies between antiemetic studies and published antiemetic guidelines, which are largely based on expert opinion. Antiemetic recommendations have moderate to weak evidence at best. Prospective randomized trials of single antiemetics are needed to properly establish evidence-based guidelines.
Can meconium in the amniotic fluid injure the fetal brain

Objective To determine if meconium in the amniotic fluid (AF) can cause cerebral palsy by stimulating umbilical and placental blood vessels to constrict. Methods Brain injury patterns were analyzed in 43 children whose exposure to meconium in the AF was their only identified risk for quadriplegic cerebral palsy. The times their injuries occurred were established by following lymphocyte counts in their blood after birth. Results All 43 had cerebral cortical and subcortical brain damage of the type produced by late gestational ischemia and hypoxemia. The time between the onset of injury and birth ranged from 2–38 hours. The neonates were severely acidotic at birth when birth occurred within 12–14 hours after ischemia and hypoxemia began. Thereafter, the acidosis receded as the time between its start and birth increased, presumably because vasoconstriction had ended. Severe acidosis did not recede in nine children whose cerebral palsy was due to disorders that kept them hypoxemic until birth. Conclusion Meconium in the AF may sometimes initiate vasoconstriction that leads to ischemic, hypoxemic cerebral palsy.
Computational Model of Breast Cancer Tumor Growth

Computational methods have been utilized to simulate the growth behavior of a tumor originating near the mandible. Extension of the model to three-dimensions (3D) and adaptation to the case of breast cancer, specifically invasive ductal carcinoma, are discussed.
Time-variant displacement structure and triangular arrays

The authors extend the concept of displacement structure to time-variant matrices and use it to efficiently and recursively propagate the Cholesky factor of such matrices. A natural implementation of the algorithm is via a modular triangular array of processing elements. When the algorithm is applied to solve the normal equations that arise in adaptive least-squares filtering, they get the so-called QR algorithm, with the extra bonus of a parallelizable procedure for determining the weight vector. It is shown that the general algorithm can also be implemented in time-variant lattice form; a specialization of this result yields a time-variant Schur algorithm. >
The ‘Lava sign’ in pigmentary glaucoma

Abstract Pigmentary glaucoma has typical characteristics that distinguish it as a separate entity. Excessive accumulation of pigment in the inferior chamber angle, sufficient to roll up on the corneal endothelium in downward gaze is very rare indeed, in this glaucoma group. This article will report on one such case along with it's management. Pigmentary hypopyon or hyphema and black hypopyon 2,3,4,5 or hyphema are terms that have been used loosely to describe the condition. As hypopyon and hyphema apply to different conditions in the eye, it is proposed that this rare phenomenon be referred to as the “lava sign”.
Prognostic significance of CD44s expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer

CD44s is a cell adhesion molecule known to mediate cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix, a prerequisite for tumor cell migration. CD44s plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In the present study, we sought to determine whether CD44s is involved in clinical outcomes of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using immunohistochemical staining, we investigated CD44s protein expression using tissue array specimens from 159 patients with resected NSCLC (adenocarcinoma (AC; n = 82) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 77). Additionally, the immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was also studied. The clinicopathological implications of these molecules were analyzed statistically. High CD44s expression was detected more frequently in NSCLC patients with SCC (66/72; 91.7%) than in those with AC histology (P < 0.001). Additionally, high CD44s expression was significant correlated with more advanced regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.021). In multivariate analysis of survival in NSCLC patients with AC histology, significant predictors were lymph node metastasis status (P < 0.001), high-grade tumor differentiation (P = 0.046), and high CD44s expression (P = 0.014). For NSCLC patients with SCC histology, the significant predictor was a more advanced tumor stage (P = 0.015). No significant association was found between CD44s and clinical outcome (P = 0.311). High CD44s expression was a negative prognostic marker with significance in patients with resected NSCLC, particularly those with AC histology, and was independent of tumor stage.
Quantification of Air Contaminants at a Municipal Sewage Sludge Composting Facility

Abstract In 1993 there were an estimated 4000 employees working at 321 municipal composting facilities in 46 states. This work force may be exposed to dusts of biological origin, various gases, and airborne heavy metals. This study was designed to quantify contaminant concentrations at the Longmont, Colorado, composting facility. Sampling was divided into two phases. Phase I took place from June 12 through June 16, which was the facility's time period for peak volume. Phase II occurred from August 14 through August 18. Total dust concentrations as high as 173.79 mg/m3 were measured. The geometric means of total dust samples on days with screening and sweeping operations were 23.05 and 35.19 mg/m3. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the aerosol was approximately 4.0 μm. The high dust concentrations coupled with the small MMAD indicate a possible occupational health risk from dust exposure at this municipal composting facility. Endotoxin concentrations varied from 28.9 to 5930.6 ng/m3. Using reg...
Clinical Reasoning: A 20-year-old woman with rapidly progressive weakness

A 20-year-old healthy woman developed abdominal pain accompanied by mild frontal headaches, labile mood, vomiting, and dark urine. She underwent an extensive workup including endoscopy, abdominal CT scan, and eventually exploratory laparotomy. No abdominal cause of her symptoms was detected and she was discharged. Approximately 1 week after surgery, she developed low back pain and numbness in the buttocks and upper thighs. Within several days, her sensation was reduced in her hands and she developed generalized weakness. Her only medication was an oral contraceptive, which was started 1 month before onset of abdominal symptoms. She presented to our institution 3 weeks after symptom onset and reported diffuse weakness, most prominent in the proximal arms. She still had mild pain and numbness in the abdominal area, low back, and buttocks, but the numbness in the arms and legs had subsided. Neurologic examination revealed profound symmetric weakness in the proximal arms and moderate weakness in the proximal legs. Sensory examination demonstrated a band-like area of decreased sensation to pinprick in the lower abdomen and low back. Deep tendon reflexes were 2+ at the biceps and triceps and 3+ at the knees. Hoffmann sign was present on both sides. There were 1 to 2 beats of unsustained ankle clonus bilaterally. Plantar responses were flexor. Cranial nerve examination was normal.
A radioisotopic tracer method for measurement of solids concentration in a settling bed of solids

A new improved radiotracer technique provides information on both the particulate concentration and the movement during sedimentation of monodispersed and binary mixtures. In studies of sedimentation with 44 and 62 ..mu..m ion exchange particles, several solids concentrations, three fluid viscosities, and three mixtures with different ratios of the two size particles, the results all lie close to a correlation proposed by Richardson and Zaki.
Dementia, asymmetry of temporal lobe structures, and apolipoprotein E genotype: relationships to cerebral atrophy and neuropsychological impairment.

We examined asymmetry of hippocampal volume as well as other temporal lobe structures (temporal lobe, temporal horn of the lateral ventricular system, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri) in 194 subjects from the Cache County, Utah study, with varying disorders [85 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 59 with some cognitive or neuropsychiatric disorder—referenced as a Mixed Neuropsychiatric group, 30 with mild ambiguous/mild cognitive impairment (MA/MCI) and 20 controls] and APOE genotypes. Asymmetry was determined by subtracting left-side volume from the right corrected by total intracranial volume. No significant asymmetry was observed to be associated with presence of the e4 allele. Since the AD-e4 allele risk effect may be expressed early in the course of the disorder, we also examined asymmetry indices in AD, MA/MCI and Mixed Neuropsychiatric subjects early in the course of their disorder (2 years or less) to those with longer duration illness (greater than 2 years). We observed a leftward asymmetry (i.e., left side larger) regardless of APOE genotype in hippocampal volume where both AD and MCI subjects demonstrated a leftward shift in hippocampal size when length of disease (LOD) was less but not more than 2 years. Leftward asymmetry was not associated with LOD in the Mixed Neuropsychiatric group. These findings do not support an association between e4 and hippocampal asymmetry in dementia. We also examined whether asymmetry influenced neuropsychological performance, but minimal effects were observed. Where significance or strong trends were observed, better neuropsychological performance was associated with larger parenchymal volume of temporal lobe structures. These findings were interpreted as representing cognitive reserve effects where larger volume was protective against impairment. The role of asymmetry research in understanding neuropsychological performance in dementia is discussed. (JINS, 2002, 8, 925–933.)
Influence of changes in sedentary behavior on energy and macronutrient intake in youth

Background: Changes in sedentary behavior may be related to changes in energy intake. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how experimental changes in the amount of sedentary behaviors influence energy intake. Design: Sixteen nonoverweight 12-16-y-old youth were studied in a within-subject crossover design with three 3-wk phases: baseline increasing targeted sedentary behaviors by 25-50% (increase phase) and decreasing targeted sedentary behaviors by 25-50% (decrease phase). Repeated 24-h recalls were used to assess energy and macronutrient intakes during targeted sedentary behaviors. Accelerometers were used to assess activity levels. Results: Targeted sedentary behaviors increased by 81.5 min/c (45.8%) and decreased by 109.8 min/d (-61.2%) from baseline (both: P<0.01). Girls increased sedentary behaviors significantly more than did boys (107.3 and 55.8 min/d respectively; P<0.01) in the increase phase. Energy intake decreased (-463.0 kcal/d; P<0.01) when sedentary behaviors decreased: the decrease in fat intake was -295.2 kcal/d (P<0.01). No significant changes in energy intake were observed when sedentary behaviors were increased. Youth also increased their activity by 102.4 activity counts ?min[(-1)] ?d[(-1)] (estimated at 113.1 kcal) when sedentary behaviors were decreased (P<0.005). Conclusions: Decreasing sedentary behaviors can decrease energy intake in nonoverweight adolescent youth and should be considered an important component of interventions to prevent obesity and to regulate body weight. (authors)
Morpheus: making routing programmable

This paper presents Morpheus, a modular, open routing platform that supports flexible control of routing policies of a network. With Morpheus, network operators can realize many useful policies that are infeasible today through composition of multiple policy modules and programming the route-selection algorithms. Morpheus can be readily deployed without requiring changes in other domains.
Measured electrical performance of V-groove inductors for microprocessor power delivery

Thin-film V-groove inductors for microprocessor power delivery are discussed. A 10-MHz, 3.3-V to 1.1-V, 7-A dc-dc converter with V-groove inductors has been predicted to have an efficiency of 88% and power density of 60 W of output power per cm/sup 2/ of substrate area. The first prototype inductors with composite granular Co-ZrO/sub 2/ thin-films were fabricated with dimensions smaller than those required for a 7-A converter in order to fabricate them on standard 25-mm silicon wafers. For these prototype devices, we predicted that a 10-MHz, 3.3-V to 1.1-V, 2.1-A dc-dc converter would have 60% efficiency. Measurements on the prototypes indicate that a 2.1-A converter would have 55% efficiency with a power density of 28 W/cm/sup 2/. Measured losses were 23% higher than predicted. We have demonstrated that V-groove inductors can be fabricated with performance close to predicted results.
Mixed reality in education, entertainment, and training

Transferring research from the laboratory to mainstream applications requires the convergence of people, knowledge, and conventions from divergent disciplines. Solutions involve more than combining functional requirements and creative novelty. To transform technical capabilities of emerging mixed reality (MR) technology into the mainstream involves the integration and evolution of unproven systems. For example, real-world applications require complex scenarios (a content issue) involving an efficient iterative pipeline (a production issue) and driving the design of a story engine (a technical issue) that provides an adaptive experience with an after-action review process (a business issue). This article describes how a multi-disciplinary research team transformed core MR technology and methods into diverse urban terrain applications. These applications are used for military training and situational awareness, as well as for community learning to significantly increase the entertainment, educational, and satisfaction levels of existing experiences in public venues.
Surface Expression of Complement Receptor gC1q-R/p33 Is Increased on the Plasma Membrane of Human Spermatozoa after Capacitation

Evidence is increasing that complement components might play a role in fertilization. C1q, the first component of the classical complement cascade, has the ability to promote sperm agglutination in a capacitation-dependent manner as well as an effect on sperm-oolemma binding and fusion. We have previously detected gC1qR, the receptor for the globular head portion of C1q, on the surface of capacitated sperm. In this study, we examined the expression of gC1qR in both fresh and capacitated human spermatozoa. We performed immunoprecipitation for gC1qR and analyzed biotinylated sperm membrane by Western blot to illustrate an increase in receptor density after overnight capacitation. These results were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of spermatozoa using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal anti-gC1qR antibody. Confocal, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increase in receptor expression over the rostral portion of the sperm head after capacitation. In addition, the ability of live spermatozoa to bind to monoclonal anti-gC1qR antibody-coated microtiter wells was also increased after capacitation. These results suggest that gC1qR may play a role in human fertilization.
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Uplink OFDMA Using Partial FFT Demodulation

Fast and accurate Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation is a problem of significance in many multi-carrier modulation based systems, especially in uplink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) where the presence of multiple users exacerbates the inter-carrier interference (ICI) and results in multi-user interference (MUI). In this paper, a new technique called partial FFT demodulation is proposed. Estimators for the CFO are derived by considering an approximated matched filter for each user, implemented efficiently using several FFTs operating on sub-intervals of an OFDM block. Through simulations, the feasibility and performance of the proposed estimators are demonstrated. Associated trade-offs are discussed.
Formaldehyde-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Molecular properties and the roles of repair and bypass systems

Although DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) pose a significant threat to genome stability, they remain a poorly understood class of DNA lesions. To define genetic impacts of DPCs on eukaryotic cells in molecular terms, we used a sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae frameshift-detection assay to analyze mutagenesis by formaldehyde (HCHO), and its response to nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Brief exposure to HCHO was mutagenic for NER-defective rad14 strains but not for a corresponding RAD14 strain, nor for a rad14 strain lacking both Polζ and Polη TLS polymerases. This confirmed that HCHO-generated DNA lesions can trigger error-prone TLS and are substrates for the NER pathway. Sequencing revealed that HCHO-induced single-base-pair insertions occurred primarily at one hotspot; most of these insertions were also complex, changing an additional base-pair nearby. Most of the HCHO-induced mutations required both Polζ and Polη, providing a striking example of cooperativity between these two TLS polymerases during bypass of a DNA lesion formed in vivo. The similar molecular properties of HCHO-induced and spontaneous complex +1 insertions detected by this system suggest that DPCs which form in vivo during normal metabolism may contribute characteristic events to the spectra of spontaneous mutations in NER-deficient cells.
Software-hardware cooperative memory disambiguation

In high-end processors, increasing the number of in-flight instructions can improve performance by overlapping useful processing with long-latency accesses to the main memory. Buffering these instructions requires a tremendous amount of microarchitectural resources. Unfortunately, large structures negatively impact processor clock speed and energy efficiency. Thus, innovations in effective and efficient utilization of these resources are needed. In this paper, we target the load-store queue, a dynamic memory disambiguation logic that is among the least scalable structures in a modern microprocessor. We propose to use software assistance to identify load instructions that are guaranteed not to overlap with earlier pending stores and prevent them from competing for the resources in the load-store queue. We show that the design is practical, requiring off-line analyses and minimum architectural support. It is also very effective, allowing more than 40% of loads to bypass the load-store queue for floating-point applications. This reduces resource pressure and can lead to significant performance improvements.
Coming out stories framed as faith narratives, or stories of spiritual growth

The tension between religion and sexuality is particularly pronounced for gay and lesbian people who are often “caught in the middle” between a constitutional sexual orientation and a religious body that rejects it. This paper demonstrates how gay men can be helped in trying to integrate these deeply human and intrinsic parts of themselves, using a developmental approach first articulated by Robert Kegan. It argues that such development is often reflected later in theological language: in this case, in these men's coming out narratives, which are often framed as stories of spiritual growth.
Water quality implications of nitrate leaching from intensively grazed pasture swards in the northeast US

Abstract High density animal production systems, such as management intensive grazing (MIG), can have a negative effect on water quality. Learning to manage such systems to minimize water quality impacts is essential for the environmental and economic sustainability of these types of animal production systems. Management intensive grazing is a grazing system in which animals at a high stocking density are rotated through several paddocks at short time intervals (12–24 h) so that animal performance is maximized. Although MIG has the potential to increase dairy farm profitability in the northeast US, recent work in this region has shown that a substantial amount of N applied as fertilizer is leached below the root zone of orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L., (cv.) ‘Pennlate’) managed as an intensive pasture. How much N is leached from other forage species managed as intensive pasture under the climatic conditions of the northeast US is not known. A field study was conducted using large drainage lysimeters to measure NO3–N leaching loss from six pasture swards: orchardgrass + N, orchardgrass + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., (cv.) Alfagraze), orchardgrass + Ladino type white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Ryegrass (Lolium perrene L, (cv.) Citadel) + N, ryegrass + alfalfa, and ryegrass + white clover. The study site was located in central Pennsylvania on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate–N leaching losses were most consistent under N fertilized swards where the amount of N could be adjusted for yearly weather conditions. In a drought year, NO3–N leaching increased dramatically in swards containing alfalfa or white clover. Sward type and stocking density need to be taken into consideration when developing an animal production system that will be both environmentally and economically sustainable.
Mycobacterium smegmatis d-Alanine Racemase Mutants Are Not Dependent on d-Alanine for Growth

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing nonpathogenic species particularly useful in studying basic cellular processes of relevance to pathogenic mycobacteria. This study focused on the D-alanine racemase gene (alrA), which is involved in the synthesis of D-alanine, a basic component of peptidoglycan that forms the backbone of the cell wall. M. smegmatis alrA null mutants were generated by homologous recombination using a kanamycin resistance marker for insertional inactivation. Mutants were selected on Middlebrook medium supplemented with 50 mM D-alanine and 20 microg of kanamycin per ml. These mutants were also able to grow in standard and minimal media without D-alanine, giving rise to colonies with a drier appearance and more-raised borders than the wild-type strain. The viability of the mutants and independence of D-alanine for growth indicate that inactivation of alrA does not impose an auxotrophic requirement for D-alanine, suggesting the existence of a new pathway of D-alanine biosynthesis in M. smegmatis. Biochemical analysis demonstrated the absence of any detectable D-alanine racemase activity in the mutant strains. In addition, the alrA mutants displayed hypersusceptibility to the antimycobacterial agent D-cycloserine. The MIC of D-cycloserine for the mutant strain was 2.56 microg/ml, 30-fold less than that for the wild-type strain. Furthermore, this hypersusceptibility was confirmed by the bactericidal action of D-cycloserine on broth cultures. The kinetic of killing for the mutant strain followed the same pattern as that for the wild-type strain, but at a 30-fold-lower drug concentration. This effect does not involve a change in the permeability of the cell wall by this drug and is consistent with the identification of D-alanine racemase as a target of D-cycloserine. This outcome is of importance for the design of novel antituberculosis drugs targeting peptidoglycan biosynthesis in mycobacteria.
Right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis

Zhang1 and colleagues at Peking Union Medical College in Beijing have described their experience of dissecting the right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis and correlated the overall incidence to important prognostic factors of the primary tumor and lateral nodal metastasis. Zhang et al., reviewed their experience of 246 patients who underwent surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma. They noted right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis (RPELN) in 33 patients (13.4%). Their multivariate analysis showed higher incidence of RPELN metastasis in patients with right sided tumor, 3 of more lateral positive lymph nodes and positive right central compartment nodes. The prevalence of RPELN metastasis was significantly higher (26%) in recurrent cases.
Breast-feeding and respiratory virus infection.

Thirty-nine breast-fed and 42 bottle-fed infants were followed up from birth over a four-year period. Virus infection was documented by culture and serologic testing, and history and physical examination were recorded for all episodes of respiratory illness. There were no statistically significant differences in rates or distributions of infection with individual viruses or with all viruses over the first three or six months or during the second six months of life in the two groups, nor were there statistically significant differences in rates or distributions of disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract or total respiratory disease, except for decreased disease of the lower respiratory tract in bottle-fed infants in the second six months. There were trends to decreased morbidity in breast-fed infants in the first three and six months and more episodes of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in bottle-fed infants in the first six months (P less than .05) but similar use of medical care by both groups. High cord blood titers to two viruses were not associated with evidence of breast-feeding protection from infection with those two agents. Breast-fed babies do not have fewer respiratory virus infections or illnesses but may experience less severe illness.
The Essence of Leadership

Society has, as one of its base survival techniques, the reinforced training and education of its participants, beginning at an early age. In order to manifest value to its citizenry, it acts to foster the necessary social and economic skills to maintain the current status quo. Unfortunately, this has resulted in a reliance on complacency, leading to a more reactive, rather than proactive, culture. In order to break society of this contentment a more proactive mode of operation will require a more individualized approach in developing specialized skills, such as leadership, within its population. Leadership, a basic survival instinct in men and women, has the potential to provide individuals with the proactive capability to solve problems more effectively and to anticipate the future needs of the societies they guide. This paper addresses these issues and provides an example of a practice routine for improving the leadership capabilities of our youth.
Planar concave grating wavelength demultiplexers with flattened spectral response based on SU-8 polymer waveguides

Planar concave grating wavelength demultiplexers with a flattened spectral response are realized based on SU-8 polymer waveguides. The flattened spectral response is accomplished by using an optimized multimode interference (MMI) coupler as the input aperture of the planar waveguide for all spectrally separated channels. The mode field distribution at the input of the planar waveguide is controlled by adjusting the width of the input taper connected to the MMI coupler. The devices are fabricated by cost-effective one-step UV lithography. Experimental results show that the desired flattened spectral response has been realized. The on-chip loss, crosstalk, and nonuniformity of the fabricated device are −14.8, −22, and 2.5 dB, respectively.
Infectious ribonucleic acid derived from enteroviruses.

Summary1) RNA-containing fractions have been prepared from crude tissue culture virus suspensions of 6 varieties of enterovirus by the method of Gierer and Schramm. Each RNA preparation has produced plaques on human cell monolayers. The plaque-forming agent is completely inactivated by RNAase but not by DNAase. RNA is, therefore, an essential component for the infectivity of the preparation. 2) The plaques formed by RNA fraction contain intact virus from which RNA is prepared. The RNA directs the cell to replicate not only the specific RNA but also a new highly specific protein needed for synthesis of intact original virus.
Effect of Different Intrinsic Factor Preparations on Co60 Vit. B12 Uptake in Rat Liver Slices

Summary(1) We have confirmed the work of Miller and Hunter and have shown that addition of hog intrinsic factor to rat liver slice will increase uptake of Cobalt60 labeled Vit. B12. (2) Gastric juices with intrinsic factor activity from other animal sources have different effects on this uptake and this is not correlated with intrinsic factor activity in the human or their ability to make Vit. B12 non-dialyzable.
Surgical assessment of Hodgkin's disease as a guide to the planning of therapy.

The various methods of investigation and assessment of Hodgkin's disease are discussed. The paper points out that the important assessments are lymphangiography with laparotomy and splenectomy. These procedures allow the surgeon adequate pre-operative information about possible areas of biopsy together with an extremely accurate assessment at laparotomy. Finally, the surgeon may mark various areas with neurosurgical clips allowing the radiotherapist and the chemotherapist an adequate picture on which to plan their attack on Hodgkin's disease.
Sustaining educational and public outreach programs in astronomy

We advocate meaningful support of sustained education-outreach partnerships between regional metropolitan undergraduate institutions and astronomical clubs and societies. We present our experience as an example, in which we have grown a partnership between the University of Michigan-Dearborn (hereafter UM-D, a 4-year primarily undergraduate institution or PUI), Henry Ford College (hereafter HFC, a 2-year undergraduate college), and maintained a strong collaboration with the Ford Amateur Astronomy Club (FAAC), which is highly active in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. By allowing each organization to play to its strengths, we have developed a continuum of education-outreach efforts at all levels, with connecting tissue between the previously disparate efforts. To-date, faculty and staff effort on these initiatives has been nearly entirely voluntary and somewhat ad-hoc. Here we suggest an initiative to sustain the continuum of education-outreach for the long-term. There are two levels to the suggested initiative. Firstly, partner institutions should dedicate at least half an FTE of faculty or staff effort specifically to education and outreach development. Secondly, professional societies like the AAS now have a great opportunity to support the education-outreach continuum at a national level, by facilitating communication between institutions and clubs that are considering a long-term partnership, by acting as a central resource for such partnerships, and possibly by convening or sponsoring events such as professional meetings among the metropolitan educational community.