cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Progress in Blowing Agent for Foamed Aluminum

Foamed aluminum is a sort of new type light-weight structure and functional material.The important factor which affect the well distributed holes is blowing agent.In this paper,the recent research developments of blowing agent applied for foamed aluminum are investigated.H2 and CO2 are the main air source in formed aluminum and the hydride blowing agent is widely used.The heating treatment,chemical modification and coating are used to slow down the decomposition rate of blowing agent.And the writer's view is presented about the development of blowing agent.
Influence of weaning age and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass characteristics and composition of high-health status pigs from weaning to 109 kilograms.

We examined the influence of weaning age (9 or 19 +/- 1 d) and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass composition of 192 high-health status barrows from weaning to 109 kg. Pigs were fed diets of different complexity (high, medium, or low) in various regimens from weaning to 18.7 kg. They then were fed common corn-soybean meal-based diets from 18.7 to 109 kg. Increasing diet complexity improved ADG from weaning to 7.0 kg (P .10) from 7.0 to 18.7 kg. Thus, increasing diet complexity seems to improve ADG only in the early period after weaning. Age at 109 kg was similar (P > .10) for the pigs weaned at 9 and 19 d. However, pigs fed the medium-complexity regimens were the youngest (P < .01) at 109 kg. Interactions (P < .06) were observed for carcass lipid and lipid:protein accretion from 18.7 to 109 kg. These were the result of pigs weaned at 9 d of age having higher carcass lipid and lipid:CP accretion rates when fed the low-complexity regimens than when fed the medium- or high-complexity regimens. However, pigs weaned at 19 d of age had similar carcass lipid and lipid:protein accretion ratios regardless of diet complexity. When health status was similar, growth performance was similar between weaning ages but was influenced by diet complexity. Carcass lipid and lipid:protein deposition ratios increased when simple regimens were fed to pigs weaned at 9 d of age in the subsequent growing-finishing period.
Baku or Bust! (1918–1920)

The geographical name of Azarbaijan or Azerbaijan, as it applies to a vast area nestled in the Caucasus-Talesh-Zagros mountains, derived from the ancient pre-Islamic and pre-Turkic name of Aturpatkan and it was closely linked to the Persian state. In the decades before the 1917 Russian revolution, the term Azerbaijanli, or Azerbaijan, had come to be used by the Baku intellectuals and urban nationalists to refer to territories inhabited by the Azeri speaking peoples of the Caucasus whom the Russians used to call by the pejorative name of Tatars. In this book, the term “Azerbaijan” refers to the country of Azerbaijan, which at one time was a part of the Soviet Union. In contrast, the term “Azarbaijan” is used to refer to the region in northwest Persia, or Iran, which consists at present of the provinces of West and East Azarbaijan, and Ardebil.
In Situ Characterization of Projectile Penetration into Sand

New experimental techniques have been developed to aid understanding of impact, penetration, and cavity formation associated with high-speed projectile penetration of sand. A “quarter-space” target geometry is used with a transparent window, coupled with high-speed photography and digital image correlation. These techniques are able to capture the bulk-to-grain response at impact velocities as high as 90 m/s. Results indicate the formation of stress bridges, dynamic grain damage, and fracture. Quantitative measurements of velocity fields near the nose of the projectile are also possible.
A Review of Nanoceramic Materials for Use in Ceramic Matrix Composites

Nanoceramics are traditionally used in small-scale electronics application, but other more recent uses include larger strength-providing materials like those in aircraft engines and aerospace technology. Ceramics have recently become an ideal candidate for applications that require high temperature, high chemical resistivity, oxidation resistance, and high thermal conductivity; however, these applications are limited by the inherent brittle nature of ceramics. One step in overcoming this issue is through the use of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), including fiber-reinforced CMCs. These systems are made up of three components, each made of nanoceramic materials. The inner reinforcing fiber, typically fabricated from polymer-derived ceramics, is composed of amorphous to nanocrystalline ceramic, and provides strength and durability for the composite. The fiber is then coated with an interface, typically applied through chemical vapor deposition. This interface allows for strengthening mechanisms in the composite including crack deflection and fiber pullout. The final component of the composite is the matrix, or the bulk material. This nanoceramic material is also produced using chemical vapor deposition and provides the bulk material and strength for the composite. This review gives an overview of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites made with chemical vapor deposited nanoceramics. Despite this non-traditional application of nanoceramics, these materials exhibit incredibly desirable characteristics for use in high temperature and high strength applications like those in the aircraft and engine industries.
Displacement of Bim From Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Is the Primary Factor for Determining ABT-737 Activity in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines.

Abstract 2851 Poster Board II-827 ABT-737 and its orally active analog ABT-263 are Bcl-2-family inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials for a variety of cancers including hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Previously, we reported that the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cell lines to ABT-737 correlates with the interactions, but not the expression, of Bcl-2 proteins. Analysis of 6 multiple myeloma cell lines revealed that expression of Bcl-2 proteins did not correlate with sensitivity, however the sensitive cells (8226/S, MM.1S and KMS-11) have a substantial amount of their pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, Bak, bound to Bcl-xL. On the other hand, in the insensitive cell lines (U266, KMS-11 and OPM2), Bak was found to be associated with Mcl-1, a family member that does not bind ABT-737 and thereby confers resistance to this drug. Furthermore, we also showed that release of the BH3-only protein Bim by ABT-737 from Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 also contributes to cell death in 8226/S and MM.1S. The purpose of the current study is to further investigate the role of Bim in ABT-737-induced cell death in the multiple myeloma lines. Similar to Bak, a substantial amount of Bim is bound to Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 in the ABT-737-sensitive cell lines, MM.1S and KMS-18, while in the insensitive cell lines, it is highly bound to Mcl-1. Surprisingly, in the ABT-737-sensitive 8226/S cells, Bim appears to bind to Mcl-1. However in these cells, ABT-737 treatment resulted in upregulation of Noxa, which is a BH3-only protein that binds Mcl-1 and can release Bim. Taken together these data suggest that although binding of Bim to Mcl-1 may confer resistance to ABT-737, in certain cell types this treatment could also induce Noxa expression that antagonizes Mcl-1-mediated resistance. Consistent with this hypothesis, Mcl-1 overexpression as well as knockdown of Noxa expression significantly protected 8226/S cells from ABT-737-induced cell death while they had no effect in MM.1S cells. To further demonstrate the role of Bim in ABT-737-induced cell death, ABT-resistant 8226/S, KMS-11, KMS-18 and U266 cell lines were generated. In the resistant cell lines of 8226/S and KMS-18, Bim is exclusively bound to Mcl-1, which was overexpressed as compared to the parental cells. Bak binding was not affected by acquisition of ABT-737 resistance. This result is in agreement with the findings that interaction of Bim and Mcl-1 confers resistance to ABT-737. On the other hand, in ABT-resistant U266 and KMS-11 cell lines, Bim expression was down-regulated while Mcl-1 levels were not changed. Thus, it appears that in cells where Bim is already bound to Mcl-1, further resistance is achieved by down-regulating the expression of this BH3-only protein. Overall, these results suggest that the complex interactions between Bcl-2 proteins need to be investigated in order to understand how multiple myeloma cells may respond to ABT-737 treatment. Disclosures: Boise: University of Chicago: Patents & Royalties.
Synthesis, resolution and crystal structures of two enanti-omeric rhodamine derivatives.

The title mol­ecule, rac-6′-bromo-3′-di­ethyl­amino-3H-spiro­[2-benzo­furan-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one, C24H20BrNO3, was synthesized and the two enanti­omers which formed were separated. The structures of all three compounds were determined and compared with those of a variety of related derivatives. A notable feature is the fold of the xanthene portion which ranges from 15.15 (13)° in the racemate to 2.42 (2)° in one mol­ecule of the R enanti­omer with that for the S enanti­omer having an inter­mediate value. The differences are attributed to the number and severity of inter­molecular inter­actions which include C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, C—H⋯π(ring) and, in the S enanti­omer, a π-stacking inter­action between the carbonyl group and an aromatic ring.
“Plug into Choice”? The Trouble with Common-Sense Participation in a Smart Electric Grid

Smart electric grids add digital technologies to the grid. While some suggest that they offer many environmental and social benefits, others remain critical and call them a neoliberal project. Considering smart grids a boundary object [Star, Susan L., and James R. Griesemer. 1989. “Institutional Ecology, Translations and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39.” Social Studies of Science 19 (3): 387–420], I examine how multiple social groups come together in cooperation and conflict in the installation of one smart grid. In what follows, I first argue that participation is Gramscian common sense (1971), a taken-for-granted good in producing a smart grid. Gramsci points out that common sense can be used to reinforce oppressive ideologies of a hegemonic status quo, but that it also contains “good sense” that can be developed into counter-hegemonic narratives and movements. Second, I argue that in the course of cooperation and conflict, the sma...
A Biomarker Combining Imaging and Neuropsychological Assessment for Tracking Early Alzheimer's Disease in Clinical Trials

Background Combining optimized cognitive (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale- Cognitive subscale, ADAS-Cog) and atrophy markers of Alzheimer's disease for tracking progression in clinical trials may provide greater sensitivity than currently used methods, which have yielded negative results in multiple recent trials. Furthermore, it is critical to clarify the relationship among the subcomponents yielded by cognitive and imaging testing, to address the symptomatic and anatomical variability of Alzheimer's disease. Method Using latent variable analysis, we thoroughly investigated the relationship between cognitive impairment, as assessed on the ADAS-Cog, and cerebral atrophy. A biomarker was developed for Alzheimer's clinical trials that combines cognitive and atrophy markers. Results Atrophy within specific brain regions was found to be closely related with impairment in cognitive domains of memory, language, and praxis. The proposed biomarker showed significantly better sensitivity in tracking progression of cognitive impairment than the ADAS-Cog in simulated trials and a real world problem. The biomarker also improved the selection of MCI patients (78.8±4.9% specificity at 80% sensitivity) that will evolve to Alzheimer's disease for clinical trials. Conclusion The proposed biomarker provides a boost to the efficacy of clinical trials focused in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage by significantly improving the sensitivity to detect treatment effects and improving the selection of MCI patients that will evolve to Alzheimer's disease.
The effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on laryngeal vestibule closure timing in swallowing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the timing of laryngeal vestibule closure during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing in healthy adults. The theoretical framework proposed that NMES applied to these muscles would present a perturbation to laryngeal vestibular closure reaction time (the amount of time for the laryngeal vestibule to close once the swallowing reflex has been triggered) by providing an antagonistic force to the direction of vestibule closure. Nine healthy adults (2 males, 7 females) received ten consecutive stimulations applied to the submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles while performing dry swallows. Laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (LVCrt) and the laryngeal vestibule closure duration (LVCd) were measured from videoflouroscopic images pre-stimulation and post-stimulation. Results indicated a significant effect of stimulation on LVCrt but not LVCd. LVCrt was significantly reduced (timing was faster) during swallows immediately after stimulation compared to pre-stimulation. Findings from this study support the supposition that laryngeal muscles respond to perturbations via adaptation learning, which might be used for rehabilitation of neuromuscular swallowing impairment. This pilot study supports the need for further research.
Development of integrated pest management programs for the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

The historic development of integrated pest management (IPM) approaches or programs for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, are discussed. Initial attempts to eradicate this species in the U.S. failed. In the early 1980′s site-specific, goal-oriented approaches were developed by adapting IPM concepts to fire ant problem areas. These programs have evolved over time and, more recently, the concept of managing fire ants on an area-wide or community-wide basis has been demonstrated. Currently, efforts are being made to investigate biological control agents to develop biologically-intensive IPM programs.
Related Spectra and Scales

Sensory dissonance is a function of the interval and the spectrum of a sound. A scale and a spectrum are related if the dissonance curve for the spectrum has minima (points of maximum sensory consonance) at the scale steps. This chapter shows how to calculate dissonance curves, and gives examples that verify the perceptual validity of the calculations, and others that demonstrate their limits. The idea of related spectra and scales unifies and gives insight into a number of previous musical and psychoacoustic investigations, and some general properties of dissonance curves are derived. Finally, the idea of the dissonance curve is extended to multiple sounds, each with its own spectrum.
Implicit Computational Complexity for Higher Type Functionals

In previous works we argued that second order logic with comprehension restricted to positive formulas can be viewed as the core of Feasible Mathematics. Indeed, the equational programs over strings that are provable in this logic compute precisely the poly-time computable functions.Here we investigate the provable functionals of this logic, and show that they are precisely Cook and Urquhart's basic feasible functionals, BFF. This further confirms the stability of BFF as a notion of computational feasibility in higher type.Using a formula-as-type morphism, we also show that BFF consists precisely of the functionals that are lambda representable in F2 restricted to positive type arguments (and trivially augmented with basic constructors and destructors).
Assessment of Ventilated Athletic Uniforms for Improved Thermal Comfort and Human Performance

Football uniforms serve as the protective, portable clothing environment for the athlete against the elements of the external environment and physical impact. Each component of the uniform functions to protect, while also providing increased mobility, breathability, and flexibility. Therefore, it is important that ventilated clothing design features are incorporated into athletic uniform applications for successful sweat evaporation to occur. The purpose of this research was to assess material ventilation design techniques for their breathability and thermal comfort performance in football uniforms. The experimental design included a human wear trial to assess the subjective thermal comfort of football uniforms with various material ventilation designs. Results suggest the addition of the ventilated materials in the uniforms improved the subjective thermal comfort of the wearer. These findings provide justification for the adoption of laser perforated material technologies in multiple athletic uniform types. Future research should explore ventilation in protective and military garment applications.
Enhancer-Promoter Interactions and Their Role in the Control of Epidermal Differentiation

Development of the epidermis is marked by terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. The mechanisms that drive this process at the chromatin level are poorly understood. However, recent genomics approaches, including comparative genomic studies, ENCODE data, and biochemical studies to elucidate the 3-dimensional genome architecture with next-generation sequencing technology, have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern epidermal differentiation. Specifically, the identification of enhancers, a class of regulatory elements, and their role in driving key transcriptional events has revealed novel molecular mechanisms for epidermal development. Here we discuss the history of the “enhancer” concept and our current understanding of enhancer-promoter interactions that drive transcriptional activation for epidermal differentiation.
Growing gardens sustainability: challenges and opportunities facing the strategic expansion of Anchorage, Alaska's community garden system.

Anchorage’s community gardening program is administered by the Municipality of Anchorage Parks and Recreation program and part of their mission is to provide “a food system where locally produced, affordable, and nutritious food is available to all”. The demand for access to community gardens far outweighs the supply raising the question, how can the city of Anchorage strategically and sustainably expand their community garden system? To explore this question, the Municipality of Anchorage partnered with the University of Alaska Anchorage to better understand how expanding community gardens can bridge a gap in the local food system and increase access to fresh foods by the city’s most vulnerable and diverse individuals. To do this, we developed a multi-faceted needs assessment that included a community survey, stakeholder workshop, and key informant interviews. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of expanding Anchorage’s community gardens and offers expansion strategies that balance the needs of the community’s diverse populations with the city’s community gardening mission. The findings of this study show that to sustainably meet the needs of diverse audiences, community garden expansion efforts should focus on 1) making new gardens accessible by identifying safe, convenient, and functional locations; 2) building gardener capacity through education and outreach programs; and 3) strengthening partnerships with other community organizations to share resources and capabilities. The methods used and the associated findings revealed through this study can be adapted and applied in other cities looking to develop a sustainable and strategic model for community gardening.
I am Streaming in a Room

Internet Acoustics is the study of sound traveling through the Internet, treating it as an acoustical medium just like air or water. Real-time streaming of sound, something commonplace nowadays, can be exploited for its own "physics" of propagation. In a digitally-connected telecommunication world, rooms of the kind which will be described enclose remotely collaborating musicians in their own reverberated sound. The ambiance which results is the product of an acoustical loop which creates room-like resonances. They are created between Internet endpoints which recirculate sound echoes on the paths between them.These are synthesized acoustical spaces engineered to resemble actual rooms and distinct from other kinds of online rooms where "room" is used metaphorically for gatherings of users participating in teleconference or chat applications. The present article describes room-like internet reverberation for local area and wide area networking, respectively named LAIR and WAIR. Aspects of the medium, algorithms used and the resulting musical experiences are detailed.
Factors Affecting Obesity and Waist Circumference Among US Adults.

Introduction Physical activity, sedentary activity, and food intake affect waist circumference and obesity among adults; however, the relationship is unclear. The objective of our study was to explore how these factors affect waist circumference and obesity prevalence among adults. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 on 4,118 adults, 49% men and 51% women, aged 20 to 64 (mean age, 42). Weighted logistic regression models were fitted for abdominal obesity or obesity status and adjusted for variables of demographic characteristics, food intake, types of physical and sedentary activity, television and video viewing, and computer use. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results Of the 4,118 people studied, 39% were obese (body mass index ≥30) and 55% had a high-risk waist circumference (hereinafter, abdominal obesity: men, ≥120 cm; women, ≥88 cm). People who watched television or videos 2 hours or more per day had increased odds of being abdominally obese (men, odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29%-2.98%; women, OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.06%-2.59%) or obese (men, OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.18%-4.02%; women, OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.12%-2.48%). After adjusting for types of physical activity, associations remained significant only among men. Moderate recreational physical activity for 150 minutes or more a week versus 149 minutes or less was associated with reduced odds of abdominal obesity for both men (OR, 0.44; 95% CI. 0.22%-0.89%) and women (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.23%-0.67%). Consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with high odds of obesity among women (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.08%-2.58%). Conclusion Watching television and videos was positively associated with prevalence of abdominal obesity and obesity among men and women. Prevalence remained significant only among men with inclusion of physical activity. Further study is needed of the differences between the sexes in how physical and sedentary activity and food consumption are associated with obesity.
Is the Preemption Clause of ERISA Unconstitutional

The authors suggest plaintiffs and/or state attorneys general should consider taking Justice Clarence Thomas up on his effective suggestion, in the 2016 Supreme Court case of Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual Insurance, to put before the federal courts the question whether the preemption clause of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) represented a valid exercise of federal power under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. ERISA’s exceptionally broad statement of preemption does in fact seem to have unconstitutional reach: It purports to preempt “any and all” state laws that simply “relate to” employee benefits, a formulation without logical boundaries. Furthermore, because the clause currently does, in the main, only harm to the interests of plan participants and public welfare, constitutionally limiting ERISA preemption to conflict or "field preemption” has normative benefits. The new approach would leave ERISA’s protective measures in effect, while opening the possibility of a future in which the states may pursue diverse policies of economic justice and social welfare, reflecting the circumstances and political preferences of their respective populations.
Nurses as antimicrobial stewards: Recognition, confidence, and organizational factors across nine hospitals.

Background There are national calls to engage nurses as antimicrobial stewards, but it is unknown how patient safety culture influences nurses’ antimicrobial stewardship (AS) involvement. Methods Cross-sectional survey to determine bedside nurses’ recognition and performance confidence in AS. Nine hospitals ranged in size from 42 to 562 beds serving pediatric and adult populations in 2 different metropolitan areas. Composite scores for nursing practices, performance confidence, and organizational factors were developed and correlated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests and nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests with Bonferroni adjusted P values for multiple comparisons were used to evaluate differences by clinical unit and years of clinical experience. Free text comments were categorized by theme. Results A total of 558 nurses participated (13% response rate). A significant positive association rs = 0.454, P Conclusions Nurses identified a professional role in AS processes, though safety culture inhibited their involvement. These findings can help enhance the inclusion of nurses in AS efforts.
Active Geolocation Using the Small Airport Surveillance Sensor (SASS) System

Tower controllers at small airports often rely on visual surveillance to manage aircraft traffic because current surveillance systems are too expensive. As a result, runway incursions and in-flight safety near small airports are important issues that need to be addressed. The Small Airport Surveillance Sensor (SASS) system leverages current aircraft transponder technology to provide tower controllers at smaller airports with low-cost, real-time, all-weather aircraft surveillance of the airport surface and surrounding airspace. The SASS system consists of three pieces: two phased array Sensor Units that detect and demodulate signals from FAA-mandated transponders on all aircraft, and a Master Unit that fuses data from the two Sensor Units together and tracks aircraft in order to give tower controllers better situational awareness. Position accuracy within 30 feet at the surface and 0.2 nautical miles (nmi) aloft has been demonstrated. The designs of the SASS system and 8-element phased array are described, along with techniques used for detecting and demodulating signals of interest, estimating angle of arrival and time of arrival, and geolocating surface and airborne aircraft with an emphasis on active geolocation. Position accuracy results are also presented from a SASS experimental system installed at Hanscom Air Field in Bedford, MA.
Boundary-consistent B-spline filtering schemes and application to high-fidelity simulations of turbulence

Abstract A filtering operation, based on B-spline discretizations, is introduced to target weakly growing mesh-scale oscillations that can arise in high-fidelity turbulence simulations. This is a spectral regularization that can be described using the singular values of a banded matrix operator, with the filtering strength set by a scalar- or vector-valued penalty parameter. The penalty parameter can be specified though it can also be advantageously selected to minimize the generalized cross validation (GCV) measure of distance between the pre- and post-filtered solutions. Efficient algorithms are developed to compute both the scalar and vector penalty parameters. The B-spline filter has a sharper localization to high-wavenumber than compact or explicit filters of the same stencil width and is demonstrated for solutions of the Burgers' equation, decaying Burgers' turbulence, and compressible Navier–Stokes turbulent channel flow. These simulations confirm the scheme's numerical stability and ability to narrowly target the high wavenumber components of numerical solutions. An advantage over finite-difference filters is that these are stable on bounded domains and even preserve formal order of accuracy.
A Short Introduction to the Algebra, Geometry, Number Theory and Physics of Moonshine

Moonshine arose in the 1970s as a collection of coincidences connecting modular functions to the monster simple group, which was newly discovered at that time. The effort to elucidate these connections led to new algebraic structures, and fruitful cross-fertilization between mathematics and physics. In this century the field has been further enriched, with the discovery of new roles for finite groups in geometry, and new relations to number theory. We offer an introduction and invitation to this theory in these notes.
Intercomparison of Sonde, WRF/CAMx and Satellite Sounder Profile Data for the Paso Del Norte Region

The Paso Del Norte (PdN) region comprises the city of El Paso, TX, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and some neighboring cities in the state of New Mexico. Developing a regional weather model for this specific region has always been challenging due to its complex terrain. To obtain more accurate weather and pollution forecasting for the PdN region, the results of the downscaled WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model were intercompared with meteorological satellite data, with ground and radiosonde dataset. In addition, it is critical to analyze the distributions of ozone concentrations to better understand atmospheric aerosol concentrations and predict them both more accurately. Hence, in this study the ozone results of CAMx (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions) were extensively intercompared with ozonesonde data. The radiosonde/ozonesonde data were obtained throughout a campaign conducted during the summer of 2017 in the PdN region. Different meteorological variables such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, and ozone concentrations were used for comparison at several locations in the PdN region. The TCEQ (Texas Commission of Environment Quality) data from different CAMS (Continuous Ambient Monitoring Stations) were used for ground data intercomparison with the WRF results. The meteorological satellite sounding data were retrieved using an in-house satellite antenna receiver. The results of this research paper will not only provide better pollution forecasting capability for the PdN region but also for other regions with similar topography and terrain.
Dicamba emissions under field conditions as affected by surface condition

The evolution and widespread distribution of glyphosate-resistant broadleaf weed species catalyzed the introduction of dicamba-resistant crops that allow this herbicide to be applied POST to soybean and cotton. Applications of dicamba that are most cited for off-target movement have occurred in June and July in many states when weeds are often in high densities and at least 10 cm or taller at the time of application. For registration purposes, most field studies examining pesticide emissions are conducted using bare ground or very small plants. Research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019 to examine the effect of application surface (tilled soil, dead plants, green plants) on dicamba emissions under field conditions. Dicamba emissions after application were affected by the treated surface in all years, with the order from least to most emissions being dead plants 300% when applied to green plants compared to other surfaces. These findings suggest that dicamba applications made to bare ground will likely underestimate what may occur under normal field use conditions when POST applications are made and the crop canopy or weed groundcover is nearly 100% green material. A potential change to enhance the accuracy of current environmental simulation models would be to increase the theoretical findings to allow for the effect of green plant material on dicamba emissions under field conditions. Nomenclature: Dicamba; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum l.; soybean; Glycine max L. Merr.
Pregnancy-Associated Deaths from Homicide, Suicide, and Drug Overdose: Review of Research and the Intersection with Intimate Partner Violence

The leading causes of pregnancy-associated deaths, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, are homicide, suicide, and drug overdose. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy has been shown to contribute to maternal mortality from pregnancy-associated deaths. In this article, we discuss these leading causes of pregnancy-associated deaths. We review the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and possible factors leading to each cause of death, as well as evidence-based methods of identification, prevention, and intervention. The review also will include data showing racial and ethnic inequities. In addition, we identify gaps and guiding questions for further research, as well as suggestions for immediate changes in practice and policy.
Dadi.CUDA: Accelerating Population Genetics Inference with Graphics Processing Units

dadi is a popular but computationally intensive program for inferring models of demographic history and natural selection from population genetic data. I show that running dadi on a Graphics Processing Unit can dramatically speed computation compared with the CPU implementation, with minimal user burden. Motivated by this speed increase, I also extended dadi to four- and five-population models. This functionality is available in dadi version 2.1.0, https://bitbucket.org/gutenkunstlab/dadi/.
Protective role of morin on some parameters related to oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome induced by acrylamide in male rats

The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of morin on some physiological parameter including lipid profile, antioxidant status, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in Acrylamide (ACR) treated rats. Forty adult male rats were selected randomly and equally allocated into four bunches that were G1, G2, G3 and G4, which were treated daily for 45 days with an oral manner as follows: G1: (control group received distilled water). G2: rats in this group were received (25 mg/kg/B. W) of morin. G3: rats of this group were received (1 mg/kg/B. W) of acrylamide in drinking water G4: rats in this group were received (25 mg/kg /B. W) of morin and Acrylamide (1 mg/kg /B. W). Fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture technique at the end of the experiment. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture technique for measuring the following parameters: total serum cholesterol (TC), (TAG) HDL-C, uric acid, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Sections of the liver were taken for histopathological study. The results of the current study revealed the beneficial effect of morin against deleterious effects of ACR illustrated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, morin alleviates the determined effect of ACR correlated with their pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects.
Optimization of microwave-assisted carbohydrate extraction from indigenous Scenedesmus sp. grown in brewery effluent using response surface methodology

The use of wastewater as a nutrient source for microalgae cultivation is considered as a cost-effective approach for algal biomass and biofuel production. The microalgal biomass contains carbohydrates that can be processed into bioethanol through different extraction methods. The objective of this study is to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of carbohydrates from the indigenous Scenedesmus sp. grown on brewery effluent. Optimization of independent variables, such as acid concentration (0.1-5 N), microwave power (800-1200 W), temperature (80-180 °C) and extraction time (5-30 min) performed by response surface methodology. It was found that all independent variables had a significant and positive effect on microwave-assisted carbohydrate extraction. The quadratic model developed on the basis of carbohydrate yield had F value of 112.05 with P < 0.05, indicating that the model was significant to predict the carbohydrate yield. The model had a high value of R2 (0.9899) and adjusted R2 (0.9811), indicating that the fitted model displayed a good agreement between the predicted and actual carbohydrate yield. An optimum carbohydrate yield obtained was 260.54 mg g-1 under the optimum conditions of acid concentration (2.8 N), microwave power (1075 W), temperature (151 °C) and extraction time (22 min). The validation test showed that the model has adequately described the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of carbohydrates from microalgal biomass. This study demonstrated that the indigenous Scenedesmus sp. grown on brewery effluent provides a promising result in carbohydrate production for bioethanol feedstock.
Implementing Quality Matters in The Political Science Online Classroom

As colleges and universities push to offer more online offerings, particularly during this current pandemic, concerns about upholding standards of excellence surface. As a result, programs like Qua...
Recruitment and organization of ESCRT-0 and ubiquitinated cargo via condensation

Abstract The general mechanisms by which ESCRTs are specifically recruited to various membranes, and how ESCRT subunits are spatially organized remain central questions in cell biology. At the endosome and lysosomes, ubiquitination of membrane proteins triggers ESCRT-mediated substrate recognition and degradation. Using the yeast lysosome/vacuole, we define the principles by which substrate engagement by ESCRTs occurs at this organelle. We find that multivalent interactions between ESCRT-0 and polyubiquitin is critical for substrate recognition at yeast vacuoles, with a lower-valency requirement for cargo engagement at endosomes. Direct recruitment of ESCRT-0 induces dynamic foci on the vacuole membrane, and forms fluid condensates in vitro with polyubiquitin. We propose that self-assembly of early ESCRTs induces condensation, an initial step in ESCRT-assembly/nucleation at membranes. This property can be tuned specifically at various organelles by modulating the number of binding interactions. One-Sentence Summary Condensation of multivalent ESCRT-0/polyubiquitin assemblies organizes cargo sorting reactions at lysosomes
Air in Motion

Aside from the first two chapters, we are following a sequence of topics that is quite traditional—except for the lack of mathematics—in the multitude of texts discussing fluid mechanics, the basis of aerodynamics. In this chapter we will close our discussion of the underlying science of flight. We have already seen that fluid mechanics teaches the behavior of fluids—liquids and gases—at rest and in motion. Only after mastering these fundamentals, albeit here without the use of higher mathematics, can we begin to understand aerodynamic drag and lift and what makes airplanes fly.
Combustion Chamber Effects on Burn Rates in a High Swirl Spark Ignition Engine

Experimental measurements of burn rates have been carried out in a single cylinger homogeneous charge engine. Three different combustion chambers were investigated (75 % and 60 % squish bowl-in-piston chambers and a disk chamber) using a cylinder head with a swirl producing intake port and near central spark location. Data were obtained with each combustion chamber as a function of spark timing, EGR, and load at 1500 RPM. The combustion rate is strongly influenced by chamber shape. The 10-90 % burn durations of the 75 % and 60 % squish chambers are respectively about 40 % and 60 % that of the disk chamber. Chamber configuration had less effect on 0-10 % burn duration. The disk had about 25 % longer 0-10 % burn time than the bowl-in-piston chambers. Modifications to the GESIM model enabled good overall agreement between predictions and experimental data, a rather severe test of the model because the coupling of fluid mechanics, combustion and chamber geometry must be properly modeled. An improved basic understanding of the influence of combustion chamber shape on burn rate has been achieved through the interactive use of experimental data and modeling. The results suggest that differences in turbulence intensity and flame area development due to changes in chamber shape are responsible for the observed burn rate differences.
An infrared spectrophotometric study of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

A method of obtaining expanded differential spectra of staphylococcal strains for comparative studies is described. Some differences found through the comparison of a large number of strains isolated from humans, turkeys, and other hosts are shown. No spectral characteristics that would associate a particular strain with its host were discerned. Differences in the strength of a band at 11.6 to 11.7 μ allowed division of the strains examined into two groups.
Preliminary results from a study of the proper motion of water vapor masers in cepheus A

Preliminary results from a study of the proper motions of water vapor masers associated with HII regions in Cepheus A are presented. The masers lie in two distinct clumps near the peaks in intensity of the HII regions. Some 50 maser spots were detected over 3 epochs, but only 11 maser spots were identified at two or more epochs. A statistical parallax analysis from these prelimary results gives a distance between 0.4 and 0.6kpc with a statistical uncertainty of about 0.2kpc.
Child Welfare Workers’ Knowledge and Use of a Resilience Approach in Out-of-Home Care

This paper examines child welfare workers’ use of resilience-based knowledge and intervention in a public child welfare system in a county in California. The data for the study were collected from child welfare workers who worked with out-of-home care children (n= 102). Descriptive analysis including chi-square tests was carried out. Findings show that a significant majority of child welfare workers are able to correctly identify risk and protective factors that are central to the concept of resilience. Although a significant majority recognizes the importance of using a resilience-based approach, most workers without a degree in social work are not familiar with it and are not currently using it in their practice. In terms of familiarity with and in the use of resilience-based assessment and interventions, significant differences were found to exist between workers with degrees in social work and workers without degrees in social work. Implications for social work education, agency training, and practice in child welfare are discussed.
The effects of azimuthal variability on monostatic acoustic backscatter from the seabed

The effects of azimuthal variability on monostatic acoustic backscatter from the seabed were studied. When converted to scattering strength, the monostatic return showed considerable variability as a function of azimuth. The results showed that the backsattering strength measurements were independent of frequency within the statistical accuracy of the data.
Central visual pathways in glaucoma: evidence for distal mechanisms of neuronal self-repair

As in other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, progression of neurodegeneration in glaucoma involves early axonopathy. In glaucoma, this is marked by degradation of active transport along retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons projecting from the retina to the brain. In experimental systems, transport degradation occurs first in the most distal site in the RGC projection, the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain. Even as degradation progresses from one retinotopic sector to the next, important structures in the affected sectors persist, including synapses from RGC axon terminals onto SC neurons. This structural persistence is accompanied by focally increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hypertrophic SC astrocyte glia and defines a therapeutic window of opportunity. Thus, central brain structures in glaucoma may respond to disease-relevant stress by induction of mechanisms useful for maintaining retinal signals.
Dosage effects of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 upon bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat.

The endosperm storage proteins, glutenin and gliadin, are major determinants of bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat. Genes encoding them are located on chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6. Aneuploid lines of these groups in spring wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ have been used to investigate the effect of varying the dosage of chromosomes and chromosome arms upon bread-making quality, where quality has been assessed using the SDS-sedimentation test. Differences between the group 1 chromosomes for quality were greater than those between the group 6 chromosomes. The chromosomes were ranked within homoeologous groups for their effect on quality as follows (>=better quality): 1D>1B>1A and 6A>6B=6D. The relationship of chromosome dosage with quality was principally linear for four of the chromosomes, but not for 6B and 6D. Increases in the dosage of 1B, 6A and, especially, 1D, were associated with significant improvements in quality, whereas increases in the dosage of 1A were associated with reductions in quality. The effects of 1A and 1D were such that the best genotype for quality was nullisomic 1A-tetrasomic 1D. For group 1, effects of the long arm appeared in general to be more important than effects of the short arm. For group 6, effects were found associated with the long arms as well as with the short arms, a surprising result in view of the absence of genes encoding storage proteins on the long arms. Significant interactions were found between chromosomes and genetic backgrounds, and between individual chromosomes. Analysis of trials grown over two years demonstrated that, although additive environmental differences over years and genotype x years interaction were present, they were relatively small in magnitude compared with purely genetic differences.
A DEVELOPMENTAL‐INTERACTIVE APPROACH TO READING ASSESSMENT

A developmental approach to reading assessment that follow from an interactive model of reading is described and illustrated. Four developmental levels of learning to read are presented: emergent reading, beginning reading, consolidation, and reading to learn new concepts. Each level is described, and procedures for assessing salient aspects of the level are explained. Examples illustrate how oral reading miscues, reading rate, and comprehension in a variety of contexts can provide clues to how children construct meaning from text.
First Report of Black-Foot Disease, Caused by Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum, of Grapevine in California.

Black-foot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum (Cook & Harkn.) Wollenweb., impacts young table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera) plantings throughout California. Two- to 5-year-old grapevines showed reduced vigor with small-sized trunks, shortened internodes, uneven wood maturity, sparse foliage, and small leaves with interveinal chlorosis and necrosis. In cross-section, trunks showed dark brown to black streaking in a few to most of the vascular elements. Symptoms included a reduction in root biomass and root hairs with sunken, necrotic root lesions. Pith of affected vines was compacted and discolored. Isolations made from roots, vascular elements, and pith tissue consistently yielded colonies of C. obtusisporum as verified by descriptions in standard texts. Koch's postulates were completed by dipping the roots of cv. Carignane seedlings in a 108 spore per ml suspension for 30 min. Plants were repotted in an artificial soil mix and held in a controlled environment facility at 24°C. Typical black...
Sources of growth: A reconsideration and general equilibrium application to Indonesia

Abstract A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of Indonesia is developed in which total factor productivity growth in manufacturing is endogenously determined. Productivity growth is conceptualized as human and social capital accumulation, mediated by learning and institutional development stimulated by the trade regime. These factors are modeled as externalities determined by export growth and capital equipment imports. The model is used to analyze the gains deriving from the externalities, and subsidies that amplify their effects, leading Indonesia to acquire Korea-like institutions sooner. The growth and fiscal implications of such counterfactual simulations are analyzed in a realistic general equilibrium framework with a fully articulated public sector.