cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient safety education in anesthesia: current state and future directions

Purpose of review Although patient safety is a core component of education in anesthesiology, approaches to implementation of education programs are less well defined. The goal of this review is to describe the current state of education in anesthesia patient safety and the ideal patient safety curriculum. Recent findings Anesthesiology has been a pioneer in patient safety for decades, with efforts amongst national organizations, such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation to disseminate key standards and guidelines in patient safety. However, few, if any strategies for implementation of a patient safety curriculum in anesthesiology exist. Summary Patient safety education is crucial to the field of anesthesiology, particularly with the advancement of surgical and anesthesia technologies and increasing complexity of patients and procedures. The ideal patient safety curriculum in anesthesiology consists of simulation, adverse event investigation and analysis, and participation in process improvement. Efforts in education must adapt with changing technology, shifts in the way anesthesia care is delivered, and threats to physician wellness. Future efforts in education should harness emerging platforms, such as social media, podcasts, and wikis.
Regulation of the Proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and c-myc by the Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Gene WT1

The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, repressing transcription of several growth factors and growth factor receptors. The bcl-2 and c- myc proto-oncogenes are essential for regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation with roles in development and oncogenesis. We found that WT1 can repress transcription of both the bcl-2 and c- myc promoters. This suggests that WT1 regulates bcl-2 and c- myc during renal development, and the loss of functional WT1 results in deregulation of bcl-2 and c- myc , contributing to tumor formation.
Cell and Tissue Organisation

First page of article Keywords: adhesion; cellular hierarchies; cytokine; basement membrane; breast; differentiation; epithelium; epidermis; growth factors; haematopoiesis; homeobox genes; homeostasis; liver; small intestine; stem cells
Moisture Conditions Under Flexible Airfield Pavements

Investigation of conditions under pavements on 13 airfields over period of several years indicates that base course and subgrade moisture contents become stabilized after about 2 yr; moisture contents in upper 18 in. were not found to be related to rainfall, contrary to those at 30 in.; CBR design procedures are conservative for nonplastic, but about right for plastic materials.
The Well‐Temperatured Biologist

Abstract: Temperature provides a powerful theme for exploring environmental adaptation at all levels of biological organization, from molecular kinetics to organismal fitness to global biogeography. First, the thermodynamic properties that underlie biochemical kinetics and protein stability determine the overall thermal sensitivity of rate processes. Consequently, a single quantitative framework can assess variation in thermal sensitivity of ectotherms in terms of single amino acid substitutions, quantitative genetics, and interspecific differences. Thermodynamic considerations predict that higher optimal temperatures will result in greater maximal fitness at the optimum, a pattern seen both in interspecific comparisons and in within‐population genotypic variation. Second, the temperature‐size rule (increased developmental temperature causes decreased adult body size) is a common pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms. Mechanistic models can correctly predict the rule in some taxa, but lab and fie...
Retinoids modulate endothelial cell production of matrix-degrading proteases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP).

We have previously reported that vitamin A inhibits the growth of capillary endothelial cells (EC) (Braunhut, S.J., and Palomares, M. (1991) Microvasc. Res. 41, 47-62). In this study, we have analyzed the effect of retinoids on the production and activity of enzymes involved in the proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by EC. Substrate gel electrophoresis (zymography) revealed several major matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), of approximately 98-96, 72-68, and 46-45 kDa, whose activities were altered in their amounts in the conditioned media (CM) of EC following retinol or retinoic acid treatment when compared to amounts detected in CM of control cells. All of these gelatinases were inactivated by 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating that they were MMPs. MMP inhibitors (MMPI) were also present in these CM and were separated by gel filtration. Four distinct peaks of MMPIs were detected in the CM of EC. Chromatographic profiles indicated that an approximately 27-kDa MMPI was specifically increased in the CM of retinol-treated cells, whereas a 22-18.5-kDa MMPI was increased in CM derived from retinoic acid-treated cells. The MMPI synthesized by retinol-treated EC was immunologically related to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, type 1 (TIMP-1), and the MMPI produced by retinoic acid-treated cells was related to TIMP-2, as indicated by biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies as well as Western blot analysis. Therefore, retinol and retinoic acid treatment of EC differentially affects the types and activity of MMPs and MMPIs produced by the cells, distinct changes which are both correlated with growth inhibition.
Mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of the human transferrin receptor. Identification of a sub-domain that is required for rapid endocytosis.

It has been reported that the sequence Tyr20-X-Arg-Phe23 present within the cytoplasmic tail of the transferrin receptor may represent a tyrosine internalization signal (Collawn, J.F., Stangel, M., Kuhn, L.A., Esekogwu, V., Jing, S., Trowbridge, I.S., and Tainer, J. A. (1990) Cell 63, 1061-1072). However, as Tyr20 is not conserved between species (Alvarez, E., Girones, N., and Davis, R. J. (1990) Biochem. J. 267, 31-35), the functional role of the putative tyrosine internalization signal is not clear. To address this question, we constructed a series of 32 deletions and point mutations within the cytoplasmic tail of the human transferrin receptor. The effect of these mutations on the apparent first order rate constant for receptor endocytosis was examined. It was found that the region of the cytoplasmic tail that is proximal to the transmembrane domain (residues 28-58) is dispensable for rapid endocytosis. In contrast, the distal region of the cytoplasmic tail (residues 1-27) was found to be both necessary and sufficient for the rapid internalization of the transferrin receptor. The region identified includes Tyr20-X-Arg-Phe23, but is significantly larger than this tetrapeptide. It is therefore likely that structural information in addition to the proposed tyrosine internalization signal is required for endocytosis. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether a heterologous tyrosine internalization signal (from the low density lipoprotein receptor) could function to cause the rapid endocytosis of the transferrin receptor. It was observed that this heterologous tyrosine internalization signal did not allow rapid endocytosis. We conclude that the putative tyrosine internalization signal (Tyr20-Thr-Arg-Phe23) is not sufficient to determine rapid endocytosis of the transferrin receptor. The data reported here indicate that the transferrin receptor internalization signal is formed by a larger cytoplasmic tail structure located at the amino terminus of the receptor.
Validity of the Clock Drawing Test in predicting reports of driving problems in the elderly

Background This study examined the use of the Folstein Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) in predicting retrospective reports of driving problems among the elderly. The utility of existing scoring systems for the CDT was also examined.
Impact of Curriculum Content on Resident Attitudes Towards Cancer Care

Residents' clinical and educational experiences affect their views of patient care and their ability to estimate prognosis. We conducted a randomized pilot study to determine if an educational session could influence internal medicine (IM) residents' interest in oncology and their ability to accurately determine the prognosis of cancer patients. We randomized 29 IM residents to attend either a traditional American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) oncology review lecture focusing on cancer complications or a lecture reviewing landmark studies that are the basis of common cancer treatments and prognoses. On the post-lecture questionnaire, residents' interest in oncology and their overall performance on knowledge assessments were similar. However, more residents attending the traditional ABIM lecture inappropriately withdrew care for patients with potentially treatable conditions. Prognostication is an important skill for IM residents, and inaccurate negative biases could potentially lead to serious errors in clinical judgment. Further study is needed with a larger sample size and a more extensive academic curriculum to further assess and improve this skill.
A generalized Schur-type algorithm for the joint factorization of a structured matrix and its inverse

A Schur-type algorithm is presented for the simultaneous triangular factorization of a given (non-degenerate) structured matrix and its inverse. The algorithm takes the displacement generator of a Hermitian, strongly regular matrixR as an input, and computes the displacement generator of the inverse matrixR−1 as an output. From these generators we can directly deduce theLD−1L* (lower-diagonal-upper) decomposition ofR, and theUD−1U* (upper-diagonallower) decomposition ofR−1. The computational complexity of the algorithm isO(rn2) operations, wheren andr denote the size and the displacement rank ofR, respectively. Moreover, this method is especially suited for parallel (systolic array) implementations: usingn processors the algorithm can be carried out inO(n) steps.
Androgen‐induced masculinization in the ovariectomized and hysterectomized guinea pig

Previously it had been demonstrated that daily injections of testosterone propionate (T.P.) will not induce male-like mounting nor clitoral hypertrophy in pregnant guinea pigs to the extent it will in non-pregnant females. In addition, administered progesterone had been shown effective producing a similar behavioral, but not somatic, “protection.” In an attempt to clarify the relationships of endogenous progesterone producing organs and this antiandrogen protective phenomenon the behavioral and somatic responses of females ovariectomized while pregnant and females hysterectomized (made pseudopregnant) while non-pregnant were studied. Guinea pigs were hysterectomized on the sixth day of their ovarian cycle and ovariectomized 60 days later. Additional groups of females were mated and then ovariectomized on the thirty-sixth or forty-sixth day of gestation. Groups of normal pregnant females, aborted females, and sham operated controls were also studied. All groups received daily injections of T.P. starting on the eighteenth day of pregnancy and continuing for the duration of the experiment (116 days). With these androgen treatments masculinization or protection from maculinization was evaluated on the basis of periodic sex behavior tests and on the basis of daily inspection of the external genitalia. The results indicate that protection from testosterone propionate-induced virilization is offered by exogenously administered progesterone as well as by an endogenous progestagen-producing structure such as the corpora lutea of the ovary in a hysterectomized female or the placenta in a pregnant animal. Some factor other than progesterone production is involved and the neural and somatic tissues exhibit different response thresholds.
Presence of unmyelinated axons in the lumbar ventral roots of the 129 mouse strain

The 129 mouse strain has become of increasing interest to neurobiologists due to its importance in gene targeting studies. However it has been pointed out that 129 mice suffer from a number of neuroanatomical idiosyncrasies that may make them less attractive as animal models in neurobiology. Here we show that 129 mice also differ from other commonly used strains in possessing large numbers of unmyelinated axons in their lumbar motor roots. By contrast in all other strains of mice (C57BL/6, C3H, Swiss-Webster) that we studied the axons in the L5 roots are all myelinated. Additionally we show that 129 mice have smaller myelinated axons than other mouse strains and perform poorly in the rotorod test. These characteristics must be kept in mind in studies of mutant mice that are frequently performed on a mixed genetic background containing a129 contribution.
The tridimensional personality questionnaire as a predictor of six-month outcome in first episode mania

Abstract The authors administered the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) near hospital discharge to 27 patients with first episode mania. All patients met DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder, manic type, as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R . Associations of (TPQ) scores with operationalized outcome variables were analyzed. Outcome variables included syndromic recovery at discharge and at 6 months, syndromic recurrence, and functional recovery. Patients who failed to achieve functional recovery by 6 months had significantly higher Novelty-Seeking dimensional scores at the time of hospital discharge. This association between TPQ scores and short-term outcome suggests that elevated Novelty-Seeking scores may reflect either personality characteristics that impair functional recovery or subclinical manic symptomatology that is not reflected in other symptom measures. The TPQ may provide useful prognostic measures in patients with new onset mania.
The initiation of cell division in a contact-inhibited mammalian cell line.

The cells of an established mouse fibroblast line, 3T3, have a high plating efficiency and grow rapidly in sparse culture, but stop growing at a very low saturation density in comparison with other lines, because 3T3 is extremely sensitive to contact inhibition of cell division. After each medium change, however, there occurs in a small fraction of the cells in a saturation density culture a series of changes that results in a single rather synchronized division 30 hours later. This is due to a macromolecular substance in the serum which appears to act by reducing the sensitivity of the cells to contact inhibition. The first recognizable event following the addition of serum to a stationary phase culture is a ten fold increase in the rate of RNA synthesis, occurring within 30 minutes. An increase in the rate of protein synthesis follows several hours later. DNA synthesis does not begin before 12 hours, but by two hours after medium change an appreciable fraction of the cells become committed to eventual DNA synthesis and cell division. The sequence of event suggests that regulation of RNA synthesis is the means by which contact inhibition controls cell division.
The right to same-sex marriage: A critique of the leftist critique

L'A. repond a la critique gauchiste du mariage homosexuel qui repose sur des questions de droit et d'oppression ou les personnes sont considerees comme des moyens. Alors que la population gay et lesbienne revendique le droit au mariage fonde sur la reconnaissance de l'etat, l'A. montre que la critique refuse l'acces aux droits legaux, moraux et institutionnels qui relevent pourtant de l'egalite sociale.
METAL CLUSTER ION CHEMISTRY.

An instrument for the study of the chemistry and photodissociation spectroscopy of metal cluster ions has been constructed. The instrument incorporates a source using either laser, ion, or fast atom sputtering to generate cluster ions of nearly any material. Radio-frequency ion guides are used to collect, transport, and store the clusters; storage in a buffer gas is used to thermalize hot clusters produced in the source. Studies of the chemistry of aluminum and cobalt clusters are used to illustrate the operation of the instrument.
Chemical probes of Tc vs p IN p-type copper-oxide superconductors

Abstract Tc is found to be proportional to the concentration p of mobile holes in the CuO2 sheets for smaller concentration p. Trapping of mobile holes from the CuO2 sheets may be modulated by varying the net charges of intergrowth layers.
An empirical test of a taxonomy of responses to anomalous data in science.

The purpose of this study was to test a taxonomy of seven proposed responses to anomalous data. Our results generally supported the taxonomy but indicated that one additional type of response should be added to the taxonomy. We conclude that there are eight possible responses to anomalous data: (a) ignoring the data, (b) rejecting the data, (c) professing uncertainty about the validity of the data, (d) excluding the data from the domain of the current theory, (e) holding the data in abeyance, (f) reinter- preting the data, (g) accepting the data and making peripheral changes to the current theory, and (h) ac- cepting the data and changing theories. We suggest that this taxonomy could help science teachers in two ways. First, science teachers could use the taxonomy to try to anticipate how students might react to anom- alous data so as to make theory change more likely. Second, science teachers could use the taxonomy as a framework to guide classroom discussion about the nature of scientific rationality. In addition, the tax- onomy suggests directions for future research. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 623-654, 1998.
Determination of the optical constants of a thin film from transmittance measurements of a single film thickness.

A subtractive Kramers-Kronig method is presented for obtaining the optical constants, n and k, of a uniform absorbing film on a substrate using the transmittance spectrum of a single film thickness. We give the results of tests on the reliability of our method, demonstrate the usefulness of the method when only transmittance data are available, and give examples of thin films whose optical constants depend on their thickness.
Separation of H2S from N2 By selective permeation through polymeric membranes

Abstract Vinylidene fluoride films modified with several chemicals, and a number of commercially available polymer films were tested for the separation of H2S from H2S/N2 mixtures. Total flux and separation factor values were obtained at temperatures ranging from 23 to 125° C at an operating pressure of 500 psig. The chemicals added as modifiers to vinylidene fluoride included: sulfolene, 3-methyl sulfolene, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, morpholine monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and monoisopropanolamine. The following commercial films were tested: dimethyl silicone, silicone polycarbonate copolymer, poly(vinyl fluoride), polyamide, heat stabilized polyamide, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone. Separation factor values for H2S, determined using feed gas mixtures containing 5% H2S and 0.27% H2S in N2, ranged from less than 0.1 to 12.9. Total flux values ranged from less than 10−5 m3 (STP)/m2h to 0.73 m3 (STP)/m2h. A strong trend towards increasing total flux with increasing temperature was observed. For most of the films tested, the separation factor also increased with increasing temperature. Total flux decreased as the H2S concentration in the feed gas decreased. No significant change of separation factor with decreasing H2S concentration in the feed gas was observed.
Blockaders, Refugees, and Contrabands: Civil War on Florida'S Gulf Coast, 1861-1865

Blockaders, Refugees, and Contrabands chronicles the role of the East Gulf Blockading Squadron in creating civil strife and warfare along the west coast of Florida during the Civil War. This history illuminates the Squadron's impact on Florida - the Confederate state most susceptible to actions by the U.S. Navy - and the far-reaching effects of its activities on the outcome of the War. Initially the East Gulf Blockading Squadron gave no indication that, with its allies - Florida's refugees and contrabands (escaped slaves) - it would create a civil war within Florida. When the Squadron raided the mainland it found sympathizers ashore who helped the sailors cut out blockade-runners, harass the enemy, and destroy coastal salt works. As the number of refugees and contrabands increased they became a source of manpower for the Squadron. After Confederate conscripts and army deserters fled to the impenetrable swamps of Florida's Gulf Coast, they turned to the Squadron for succor and aid. In time the blockaders, refugees, and contrabands joined forces to participate in fluid partisan combat actions. When Federal control of the Mississippi River cut the South's supply of western beef, the Confederacy turned to south Florida. The Union army enlisted the Squadron's refugees into the U.S. Second Florida Cavalry to keep the beef from rebel armies. This action elevated the conflict from guerrilla to conventional war. Additionally, the Second Infantry Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops, fought beside the blockaders and refugees, freeing and recruiting contrabands. All blockading squadrons had contacts with refugees and contrabands, but only the East Gulf Blockading Squadron utilized these allies to fostera civil war. The subsequent salt and cattle raids struck blows that were felt beyond the state and had a devastating impact on the balance of the Confederacy and on the ultimate course of the Civil War.
Central Administration of Chicken Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-II Enhances Courtship Behavior in a Female Sparrow

Like most vertebrates, birds have two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Chicken GnRH-I (cGnRH-I) is released at the median eminence to elicit gonadotropin release; chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) is thought to be non-hypophysiotropic and its function is unclear. Both forms are hypothesized to act as neurotransmitters in the control of reproductive behavior. In the present study, we implanted chronic cannulae aimed at the third ventricle in female white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) to test the effects of both forms of GnRH on copulation solicitation, a female courtship behavior. This behavior can be elicited in captive, estrogen-primed females by playing a recording of male song. We quantified the behavioral response to recorded song 30, 60, and 90 min after intracerebroventricular infusion of cGnRH-I, -II, or saline. cGnRH-II, but not cGnRH-I, increased solicitation behavior compared with saline 30 min after infusion. Under control conditions, responses to the playback diminish from the 30-min to the 90-min time point. Responses after cGnRH-II infusion followed a similar pattern, whereas after cGnRH-I, there was no significant response decrement. cGnRH-I appears to maintain the level of solicitation seen at 30 min after infusion. Our results suggest a behavioral role for cGnRH-II that may be independent of cGnRH-I.
Revealing Novel Telomere Proteins Using in Vivo Cross-linking, Tandem Affinity Purification, and Label-free Quantitative LC-FTICR-MS

Telomeres are DNA-protein structures that protect chromosome ends from the actions of the DNA repair machinery. When telomeric integrity is compromised, genomic instability ensues. Considerable effort has focused on identification of telomere-binding proteins and elucidation of their functions. To date, protein identification has relied on classical immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric approaches, primarily under conditions that favor isolation of proteins with strong or long lived interactions that are present at sufficient quantities to visualize by SDS-PAGE. To facilitate identification of low abundance and transiently associated telomere-binding proteins, we developed a novel approach that combines in vivo protein-protein cross-linking, tandem affinity purification, and stringent sequential endoprotease digestion. Peptides were identified by label-free comparative nano-LC-FTICR-MS. Here, we expressed an epitope-tagged telomere-binding protein and utilized a modified chromatin immunoprecipitation approach to cross-link associated proteins. The resulting immunoprecipitant contained telomeric DNA, establishing that this approach captures bona fide telomere binding complexes. To identify proteins present in the immunocaptured complexes, samples were reduced, alkylated, and digested with sequential endoprotease treatment. The resulting peptides were purified using a microscale porous graphite stationary phase and analyzed using nano-LC-FTICR-MS. Proteins enriched in cells expressing HA-FLAG-TIN2 were identified by label-free quantitative analysis of the FTICR mass spectra from different samples and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry followed by database searching. We identified all of the proteins that constitute the telomeric shelterin complex, thus validating the robustness of this approach. We also identified 62 novel telomere-binding proteins. These results demonstrate that DNA-bound protein complexes, including those present at low molar ratios, can be identified by this approach. The success of this approach will allow us to create a more complete understanding of telomere maintenance and have broad applicability.
Integrated electro-thermomechanical analysis of nonuniformly chip-powered microelectronic system

Abstract An integrated electrical, fluid flow and thermomechanical analysis is presented to study a product reliability and thermal management solution in an actual or nonuniform chip power distribution of an integrated circuit device in a realistic system application environment. This study aims to improve the existing limitations both on electrothermal analysis where simplified thermal boundary conditions is mostly used and on the current thermal and fluid flow analysis where uniform chip power is widely used to calculate the temperature. In this approach, the localized on-chip power distribution is obtained by using a transistor-level circuit model for simulating the interaction between the macro and functional blocks. A computational fluid dynamics analysis is used to calculate the fluid flow and heat transfer solution with a realistic thermal boundary conditions. To address the ultimate thermal induced mechanical stress and reliability effects on the chip-packaged assembly due to the nonuniform chip power distribution, finite element model is employed for the sequential steady-state heat transfer and mechanical analysis. The results are then discussed and specifically compared with the solutions based on the uniform chip power conditions.
Exploring the relationship between workplace freedom of speech, organizational identification, and employee dissent

The purpose of this study was to examine how subordinates' perceptions of workplace freedom of speech related to their levels of organizational identification and their strategies for expressing dissent. Full‐time working adults from various organizations in the Southwest completed self‐report survey instruments. Results indicated that organizational identification as well as the expression of articulated dissent and latent dissent varied as a function of workplace freedom of speech.
Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation and pair breaking in superconducting (LaGd)Al2☆

Abstract Measured zero-field nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates in the superconducting magnetic alloy ( La Gd)Al2 have been analyzed in terms of direct impurity and conduction-electron (Korringa) contributions. The temperature dependence of the Korringa rate exhibits the effect of impurity pair breaking near the superconducting transition.
Spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activity of zeolite X containing occluded alkali species

Abstract Samples of zeolite X containing occluded cesium oxide (prepared via decomposition of impregnated cesium acetate) and occluded alkali metal (prepared via decomposition of impregnated alkali azide) were synthesized, characterized, and tested as solid base catalysts. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cs L III edge was used to probe the local structure in zeolites containing exchangeable cesium cations and occluded cesium oxides. Since the Cs–O interatomic distances determined by EXAFS were similar in both the zeolites and reference compounds, the white line intensity was proposed to correlate with ionicity of the Cs–O bond. Infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon dioxide and temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 confirmed that occlusion of cesium oxide in the zeolite pores created new strong base sites that were catalytically active in the decomposition of 2-propanol to acetone. Alkali metal-loaded zeolites were found to be catalysts for the side-chain alkenylation of o -xylene with 1,3-butadiene to form 5- o -tolyl-2-pentene. Results from ESR spectroscopy suggested that extralattice alkali metal clusters contribute to the formation of active species for alkenylation.
Case Report: Congenital Absence of the Left Pulmonary Artery Accompanied by Ipsilateral Emphysema and Adenocarcinoma

Unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly that may remain unrecognized until adulthood, in which case it may lead to inappropriate diagnosis and management. The authors describe a case in which a patient came to their institution with dyspnea and a chest roentgenogram showing a prominent right pulmonary artery, right aortic arch, and a left lung mass accompanied by ipsilateral volume loss. Although the initial evaluation suggested a differential diagnosis that included thromboembolic pulmonary disease and vascular compression by tumor, further workup revealed unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery accompanied by left lung hypoplasia, and interestingly, ipsilateral emphysema and adenocarcinoma. The embryologic factors responsible for this abnormality and how it may potentially affect the development of emphysema and adenocarcinoma are discussed.
Chinatown Then and Neoliberal Now: Gentrification Consciousness and the Ethnic-Specific Museum

This article explores the intersection of cultural tourism, gentrification, and urban development in the neoliberal period by examining the complex and ambivalent relationship between an “ethnic-specific” cultural institution and a rapidly gentrifying neighborhood. Through a case study of the Museum of Chinese in America's (MoCA) profile, history, and community involvement in Manhattan's Chinatown, this article suggests that small to midsize ethnic-specific museums relate to the social and spatial transformations inherent in gentrification through a mechanism called gentrification consciousness. This mechanism helps to explain how an institution whose history, mission, and politics might indicate a resistance to gentrification is confounded and constrained by the larger neoliberal landscape. Offering little in the way of substantive alternative funding and space, neoliberal urban development touts tourism and culture as key routes to economic development with gentrification as a “natural” and beneficial b...
A kinetics study of the homogeneous and heterogeneous components of the HCl + ClONO2 reaction

The kinetics of the reaction HCl + ClONO2 to Cl2 + HNO3 were investigated at 298 K using a flow reactor with FTIR analysis to assess the importance of this reaction for stratospheric chemistry. The observed reaction was characteristic of a heterogeneous process; an upper limit of 5 x 10 to the -18th cu cm/molecule per s was obtained for the homogeneous gas phase rate constant. From calculations of the first order wall rate constant, estimates were made of the reaction rate on stratospheric aerosols. Because both HCl and ClONO2 need to be adsorbed on the particle surface, the reaction will be of negligible importance under most stratospheric conditions.
Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract The presence of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies has been demonstrated in patients with viral infections and various “autoimmune” diseases thought to be related to viral infection. In the present study we have examined the incidence and possible significance of these antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis, another disease probably associated with a viral agent. The incidence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies was significantly increased in patients with multiple sclerosis as compared to their siblings, patients with other neurological disease, and normal controls. The level of these antibodies correlated significantly with serum measles antibody titers in the affected patients. No correlation was found between lymphocytotoxic antibody levels and parameters or clinical disease or other viral antibody titers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. It was concluded that lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis probably serve as markers of viral infection.
Adherence of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites to unworn soft contact lenses.

Contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis has been associated with the use of soft contact lenses and homemade saline solutions. We studied the adherence of Acanthamoeba to unworn extended-wear soft contact lenses on a human corneal isolate of Acanthamoeba castellanii suspended in normal saline (cysts, 6.3 × 10 5 /ml; trophozoites, 3.6 × 10 5 /ml). Unworn hydrogel contact lenses (polymacon, water content 38.6%; 50 lenses, 400 lens segments) were exposed to A. castellanii cysts or trophozoites with or without stirring. After exposure for zero to seven hours, soft contact lenses were or were not washed, and the A. castellanii adherence was determined with a standardized light-microscopy technique (40 fields, ten lens segments for each count) and with scanning electron microscopy. Both cysts and trophozoites adhered to the unworn soft contact lenses. Trophozoites showed acanthopodia, lobopodia, and filopodia. This study indicates that both A. castellanii cysts and trophozoites can firmly adhere to unworn soft contact lens. Such adherence may play a role in the pathogenesis of soft contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Status of Femoral Closure Devices

Both sealing and suturing closure devices have been shown to shorten hemostasis time, reduce the discomfort of manual or mechanical compression, and allow for earlier ambulation after cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary interventions without increasing vascular complications compared with conventional compression techniques. Several studies now report a reduction in vascular complications for percutaneous coronary intervention patients treated with closure devices compared with manual compression with pronounced benefit seen in patients receiving glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. Adoption of a simple predeployment femoral angiogram is now standard practice for use of a closure device. In an attempt to develop devices that are safer and more "user friendly," considerable modifications and improvements have been made in newer generation devices. Ultimately, the acceptance of femoral closure devices will depend on which device provides a simple approach with reliable hemostasis and a cost that can justify their incorporation into routine practice.
Growth, characterization, and modeling of ternary InGaAs-GaAs quantum wells by selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

A computational diffusion model is used to predict thickness and composition profiles of ternary InxGa1-xAs quantum wells grown by selective-area, atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and its accuracy is investigated. The model utilizes diffusion equations and boundary conditions derived from basic MOCVD theory, with reaction parameters derived from experimental results, to predict the concentration of each column III constituent throughout the concentration boundary layer. Solutions to these equations are found using the two-dimensional, finite element method. The growth thickness profiles of GaAs, InP, and InxGa1-xAs deposited by selective-area MOCVD are observed by conventional profilometry, and compositions are measured indirectly by laser emission wavelengths. The data presented show that the model accurately predicts growth thickness and composition profiles of ternary III-V materials grown by selective-area MOCVD.
Pore shape evolution in mesoporous silica thin films: From circular to elliptical to rectangular

Abstract The synthetically tailored morphologies of mesoporous silica thin films are important for applications to sensing, separations, and catalysis. Control of mesopore shapes may be useful for controlling the sizes or orientations of analyte or reactant molecules entering the mesopores. Sol–gel methods using surfactant templates can produce a variety of mesoporous phases, including one composed of long cylindrical micelles in a hexagonal stacking arrangement, aligned parallel to the substrate. This hexagonal phase is particularly useful for analysis of the thin film stresses that produce the circular–elliptical–rectangular shape changes in the micelle cross-sections as the film dries. A simple model is proposed to describe this shape evolution using a minimal set of parameters: mesopore aspect ratios are predicted from the known Poisson ratio of the silica and the measured thickness strain of the film. The model may be of general utility for guiding the structural design of thin film mesoporous materials.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and structure of fluorinated oxetanes

Abstract Fluorine, hydrogen, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data are reported for a variety of oxetane compounds containing fluorine on or near the ring. Effects of substituents on the spectra are analyzed and correlations of chemical shifts and coupling constants in terms of molecular structure are presented. Application of NMR permits the assignment of the regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the products of photochemical reactions between carbonyl compounds and olefins. Steric interactions and possible deviations from ring planarity are discussed in relation to the pathways of nuclear spin–spin interaction and to the trends observed in NMR parameters.
The Christian Faith and Religious Tolerance

One of the greatest achievements of the democratic state is the establishment of religious tolerance or the freedom of religion. This fact confronts the church with an opportunity that it has not yet fully realized. It still has to perform important tasks in connection with religious liberty. This is due mainly to the fact that it was by political and not by ecclesiastical action that the practice of tolerance was secured. To be sure, the fathers of American democracy were influenced by Christian ideas and movements when they provided for the freedom of religion, but these represented radical minorities within Christendom and not the larger churches. Indeed, the major impetus toward tolerance came as a reaction against the practice of persecution of religious minorities by majorities and it was inspired by a view of religion that was critical of the traditional religious and social reasons for intolerance.
Bandwidth-based nonparametric inference

Abstract Nonparametric curve estimation is an extremely common statistical procedure. While its primary purpose has been exploratory, some advances in inference have been made. This paper provides a critical review of inferential tests that make fundamental use of a key element of nonparametric smoothing, the bandwidth, to determine the significance of certain features. A major focus is on two important problems that have been tackled using bandwidth-based inference: testing for the multimodality of a density and testing for the monotonicity of a regression curve. Early research in bandwidth-based inference is surveyed, as well as recent theoretical advances. Possible future directions in bandwidth-based inference are discussed.
Scientific meetings: worth attending.

As an ocean scientist concerned about ocean acidification and other environmental impacts from carbon emissions, I was interested to read B. Lester's News Focus story “Greening the meeting” (5 October 2007, p. [36][1]) for ideas on how scientists can reduce the carbon footprint of our professional activities. I thought his aim was off-target, however, when he set his sights on the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). This is the one time of the year that an international group of scientists from all fields relevant to climate science share their as-yet-unpublished results. Furthermore, the Fall AGU Meeting saves carbon dioxide, time, and money by eliminating the need for over 100 other separate gatherings (agency town halls, committee meetings, and workshops). In addition, more than 70 AGU committee meetings take place at the Fall Meeting, and it is an important venue for communicating with the press, including reporters from Science ! Indeed, we all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon emissions, but there are other ways to do it that don't sacrifice the unique contribution we can make to solving the problem as professional scientists. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.318.5847.36
Characterization of a membraneless direct-methanol micro fuel cell

AbstractThe performance of a membraneless laminar flow micro fuel cell was evaluated under different operating conditions. The fuel cell was microfabricated in polydimethylsiloxane using standard soft-lithography techniques. It used methanol solution as the fuel for the anode side, and oxygen saturated sulphuric acid for the cathode. The parameters studied were the methanol concentration, flowrate, device width, and the concentration of sulphuric acid in the anode stream. Performance was characterized by V—I plots, stability of open circuit potential (OCP), polarization resistances, and anode polarization curves. We observed behaviour different from that shown thus far by existing laminar flow fuel cells. Our results show that the power output of the device decreases with an increase in the methanol concentration. An increase in the flowrate also decreases the power output of the device. It is shown that these trends are likely caused by the cell's internal resistance to proton transport. The addition of ...
Facteurs de transfert pour les intégrales de Kloosterman

Resume On calcule les facteurs de transfert qui relient les integrales de Kloosterman absolues et les integrales de Kloosterman relatives a une extension quadratique. Pour citer cet article : H. Jacquet, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).
Cervical catheter tip placement for intrathecal baclofen administration.

Objective Intrathecal baclofen can reduce congenital and posttraumatic spasticity. Traditionally, the catheter tip for baclofen delivery is placed in a low thoracic position, which can result in a lumbar-to-cisternal cerebrospinal fluid baclofen concentration gradient. We investigated whether more rostral catheter placement was technically feasible, safe, and able to control upper extremity spasticity. Methods The records of 48 patients with a baclofen pump were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cervically placed intrathecal catheters for baclofen administration. Twenty-three patients had a catheter located in a cervical position and 25 had a catheter in a thoracic position (control group). Complications, including baclofen overdose, mechanical failures, and infections, were noted. Pre- and postoperative Ashworth scores were determined by a physical therapist using a standardized protocol. Results The mean duration of the follow-up period was 10 months. The groups were not significantly different in patient age, baclofen dose, or duration of follow-up, but differed somewhat in the causes of spasticity. For patients with a cervical catheter tip position, upper extremity Ashworth scores decreased significantly from 4.0 +/- 0.8 (standard deviation) preoperatively to 3.0 +/- 0.9 postoperatively (P = 0.003). In both groups, lower extremity spasticity was significantly reduced. Postoperatively, one patient with a cervical catheter developed aspiration pneumonia, possibly because of sedation. Other complications included hardware infections, mechanical malfunctions, and pseudomeningoceles. Conclusion In this series, placement of intrathecal baclofen catheters in the cervical region resulted in equal control of spasticity in the upper and lower extremities and did not increase complications related to the catheter position.
Attention in the pigeon: Novelty effects and testing with compounds

Farthing & Hearst (1970) have shown that following a successive discrimination between a vertical line on a blue background (S+) and a horizontal line on a green background (S-), pigeons tested with the line-tilt elements alone showed little responding to either value, but when placed on a blue background, differential line-tilt control was observed. The present experiment asked whether this control could have been a function of differential compound novelty (blue-horizontal is novel, while blue-vertical is not). Pigeons received single-stimulus pretraining with a red field prior to discrimination training. When tested with the novel compounds, red-vertical and red-horizontal, differential responding was found, indicating that compound novelty could not account for the observed line-tilt control.
Prehospital Care of Acute Myocardial Infarction

It has been estimated recently that half of deaths among the patients with acute myocardial infarction occur before they ever reach the hospital for definitive medical care. One of the major reasons for the high incidence of death was attributed to delays in reaching medical care, involving patients themselves, physicians, transportation, and receiving areas of the hospital. In order to reduce this high mortality substantially we should focus our attention on the prehospital care of this disease, which may include several major approaches. A. To shorten the delay in securing medical care: 1. Public education, with emphasis on the early warning symptoms and signs of acute myocardial infarction, and the need and importance of seeking early medical care, with special attention directed toward the high-risk coronary patients. 2. Professional education. 3. Mechanisms to direct and/or bring patients with suspected or proven acute myocardial infarction promptly to the system of medical care with special emphasis...
Electrical features of the 200-inch telescope

BRIEFLY, the function of the Palomar Mountain 200-inch telescope is to collect light from celestial objects and concentrate it at the prime focus, or, by a series of additional reflections from auxiliary mirrors, bring the light to other focal points both on and off the telescope. The major advantages of the 200-inch telescope over other large telescopes are: (1) its considerably larger light-gathering capacity, permitting reduction in time of exposures and the photographing of more distant objects; (2) its design, permitting astronomical work directly on the telescope at the prime focus, thus avoiding the loss of light through additional reflections: (3) its flexibility by remotely operated auxiliary mirror combinations; and (4) its automatically corrected drive and setting controls.
A survey of nonparametric tests for scale

A surrey of nonparametric tests for scale is presented. Some parametric procedures are also presented for the purpose of comparison. Suggestions on which procedures to use in various situations are given. Both 2-sample and c-sample tests are included
Skin hypoxia: a promoting environmental factor in melanomagenesis.

Melanomagenesis is a complex phenomenon in which environmental, genetic and host factors play a role. Sun burns in early childhood are a known risk factor in melanoma development. Alteration of prosurvival genes such as Ras and Akt and loss of function of the p16INK4a-CDK4/6-pRb and p14ARF-HDM2-p53 pathways are strongly associated with human melanoma. We have demonstrated that normally occurring skin hypoxia represents a previously unappreciated host promoting factor in melanomagenesis. Melanocytes that express oncogenes such as Akt, and are therefore genetically unstable, show a transform phenotype only in a mild hypoxic environment that resembles the hypoxic status of the skin. Hypoxia, therefore, is not just a prerogative of advanced neoplasia; physiologic tissue hypoxia, through the activity of HIF1α, can function as a promoting factor in tumorigenesis.