cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CA 125 antigen in human amniotic fluid and fetal membranes.

Abstract The cancer antigen CA 125 is manifest by serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and to a lesser extent by other gynecologic and nongynecologic tumors. Its presence was screened for in normal human fetal tissues and fluids. Appreciable quantities of CA 125 were discovered in amniotic fluid by both a dot blot assay and the commercially available immunoradiometric assay kit. The most likely source of this antigen was found not to be the developing fetus, since antigen was absent from cord blood and fetal urine, but rather the chorionic membrane, which contained significant quantities of the antigen. CA 125 was found in extracts of maternal decidua, but none was found in extracts of placenta or amnion. The CA 125 antigen was determined by gel filtration experiments to be in excess of 700,000 daltons and probably in the range of 2 to 3 × 10 6 daltons. Size heterogeneity based on gel filtration and anion heterogeneity based on anion exchange chromatography have both been demonstrated for the CA 125 molecule. The amniotic fluid antigen is composed of two subunits of approximately 240,000 and 180,000 daltons as detected by iodine 125-labeled OC 125 monoclonal antibody. The antigen may contain additional subunits not detected by the monoclonal antibody. Size and change heterogeneity as well as the poor definition of the subunit bands on polyacrylamide gels also suggest this molecule contains an appreciable carbohydrate component.
Distinct protein domains regulate ciliary targeting and function of C. elegans PKD-2.

TRPP2 (transient receptor potential polycystin-2) channels function in a range of cells where they are localized to specific subcellular regions including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and primary cilium. In humans, TRPP2/PC-2 mutations severely compromise kidney function and give rise to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The Caenorhabditis elegans TRPP2 homolog, PKD-2, is restricted to the somatodendritic (cell body and dendrite) and ciliary compartment of male specific sensory neurons. Within these neurons PKD-2 function is required for sensation. To understand the mechanisms regulating TRPP2 subcellular distribution and activity, we performed in vivo structure-function-localization studies using C. elegans as a model system. Our data demonstrate that somatodendritic and ciliary targeting requires the transmembrane (TM) region of PKD-2and that the PKD-2 cytosolic termini regulate subcellular distribution and function. Within neuronal cell bodies, PKD-2 colocalizes with the OSM-9 TRP vanilloid (TRPV) channel, suggesting that these TRPP and TRPV channels may function in a common process. When human TRPP2/PC-2 is heterologously expressed in transgenic C. elegans animals, PC-2 does not visibly localize to cilia but does partially rescue pkd-2 null mutant defects, suggesting that human PC-2 and PKD-2 are functional homologs.
Monitoring Africa's Lake Chad basin with LANDSAT and NOAA satellite data

Abstract Data from the LANDSAT and NOAA polar orbiting satellites are used to analyse the Lake Chad basin in Africa. AVHRR measurements spanning the November 1981-November 1982 period are used to monitor lake boundaries, vegetation growth and surface temperature patterns. Historical LANDSAT data from the 1972-1981 period are studied to track changes in lake and basin boundaries. Observations of lake conditions, as viewed from satellites, are related to the recent climate record
The Best of Both Worlds: An Online Self-Help Group Hosted by a Mental Health Professional

Online mental health groups can be classified as autonomous self-help groups or support groups led by mental health professionals. An online self-help group hosted by a mental health professional, in which the mental health professional focuses on maintaining the supportive milieu and the members of the group focus on providing the support for each other, is hypothesized to combine the best of both worlds. Psycho-Babble, a group of this type hosted by the author (http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/) serves as an example. Between January and August 2000, 1,516 members posted 21,230 messages in 3,028 discussion threads. Forty-eight percent of posters posted just once. Thirteen percent of threads consisted of only the initial post. In July 2000, 534,219 Psycho-Babble pages were served. Samples of educational and supportive posts, misinformation, "Internet addiction", help-rejecting, limit-setting, and member feedback are given. The usage statistics and the anecdotal evidence of the posts themselves support the eff...
The economic costs and benefits of dog guides for the blind.

Purpose: To document the economic costs and benefits associated with providing dog guide services for blind individuals able to benefit from them. Methods: This study estimates the annual cost of dog guide services accounting for cost offsets associated with reduced informal and formal care costs over the working life of the animal (8 years). We estimated the cost per dog guide trained using previously unpublished survey data from dog guide training schools in the United States. We also estimated the incremental economic benefits as the reduction in costs associated with formal and informal care using published studies and a set of reasonable assumptions. Costs were discounted to 2006$ using a 3% discount rate. Results: We found the average total cost per dog guide over its working life was $40,598, of which $21,568 were off-set by reductions in other costs. The costs associated with dog guides included $35,536 in dog acquisition costs and $5,061 for annual maintenance over the animal's working life. The ...
The Cost-effectiveness of Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Results From MADIT

Background—The recently reported Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) showed improved survival in selected asymptomatic patients with coronary disease and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. The economic consequences of defibrillator management in this patient population are unknown. Methods and Results—Patients were followed up to quantify their use of healthcare services, including hospitalizations, physician visits, medications, laboratory tests, and procedures, during the trial. The costs of these services, including the costs of the defibrillator, were determined in patients randomized to defibrillator and nondefibrillator therapy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated by relating these costs to the increased survival associated with the use of the defibrillator. The average survival for the defibrillator group over a 4-year period was 3.66 years compared with 2.80 years for conventionally treated patients. Accumulated net costs were $97 560 for the defibri...
Dialectics of dialect and dialectology: culture, structure and ideology of `the Kyoto dialect` of Japanese

Abstract This paper tries to advance a pragmatically-centered social theory of dialect and ‘dialectology’ (i.e., any knowledge, or ‘ideology’, about dialects). After discussing methodological issues, it will focus on ‘the Kyoto dialect’, and (1) analyze how the region of ‘Kyoto’ is pragmatically, culturally individuated; (2) provide a structural analysis of the local dialect, showing that it is not structurally individuated; and (3) relate how a native linguist has ideologically individuated the dialect in terms of the cultural (not structural) categories. In so doing, I shall try to articulate (a) how referential pragmatics, social-indexical pragmatics, linguistic structure, and linguistic ideologies are interrelated, and (b) how macro-social phenomena (linguistic structure and ‘sociolinguistic patterns’) can be related to referential and social-indexical pragmatics at the level of the micro-social speech event.
Information Technology Sophistication in Nursing Homes

Objective There is growing recognition that a more sophisticated information technology (IT) infrastructure is needed to improve the quality of nursing home care in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of IT sophistication in nursing homes considering the level of technological diversity, maturity and level of integration in resident care, clinical support, and administration. Methods Twelve IT stakeholders were interviewed from 4 nursing homes considered to have high IT sophistication using focus groups and key informant interviews. Common themes were derived using qualitative analytics and axial coding from field notes collected during interviews and focus groups. Results Respondents echoed the diversity of the innovative IT systems being implemented; these included resident alerting mechanisms for clinical decision support, enhanced reporting capabilities of patient-provider interactions, remote monitoring, and networking among affiliated providers. Discussion Nursing home IT is in its early stages of adoption; early adopters are beginning to realize benefits across clinical domains including resident care, clinical support, and administrative activities. The most important thread emerging from these discussions was the need for further interface development between IT systems to enhance integrity and connectivity. Conclusion The study shows that some early adopters of sophisticated IT systems in nursing homes are beginning to achieve added benefit for resident care, clinical support, and administrative activities.
Direct reference and logical truth: A reply to Lasonen-Aarnio

We can assume that in these occurrences the demonstrative ‘that’ refers to Fred (a certain snake, perhaps). Since Suzy can’t possibly know a priori that Fred exists, (THAT3) is absurd. So if we take (CA) for granted, we seem to have shown that (THAT1) and (THAT2) are incompatible. However, Lasonen-Aarnio provides a counter-argument to show that (CA) and (THAT2) by themselves imply the absurd (THAT3), given merely the plausible assumption that Suzy knows at least one proposition a priori. Let this proposition be r (perhaps r is the proposition that 2 + 2 = 4). Lasonen-Aarnio then appeals to the following principle, which I will call (LT):
Feasibility Study of OSEE Inspection for Flux Residue on Electronics Assemblies

The technique of Optically Stimulated Electron Emission (OSEE) is considered as a method of inspecting printed circuit based electronics assemblies for flux residue immediately following production soldering. The technique has been used for several years by NASA and its contractors in the refurbishment of solid rocket motors for the Space Shuttle. The application to copper substrates and soldered copper substrates has shown sensitivity to small amounts of residues of some solder fluxes. The technique was extended for inspection of insulating substrates used in printed wiring board (PWB) construction by altering the measurement procedure to include charge replacement, thereby attaining measurement reproducibility. The results indicate that OSEE inspection of electronic assemblies for flux residues is feasible. An inspection based on this technology subjects the inspected object only to photons of ultra‐violet light and immersion in an inert gas, such as argon. It is potentially rapid enough to provide 100% inspection of boards processed on a production line, and it has potential spatial resolution of less than 1 micron.
INTRICATE REGULATION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS IN NEURONS

There is little doubt that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important second messengers yet to be discovered, particularly in relation to its diverse roles in the regulation of neuronal function. As expected, synthesis of such a multifunctional molecule has to be under very tight control. For example, there is evidence that the rate of production of NO in neurons is regulated by several second messengers and their related protein kinases. NO by itself is also able to elicit negative feedback on the activity NO synthase (NOS) to attenuate its own rate of synthesis. Furthermore, NO modulates the release of neurotransmitters and alters the sensitivity of receptors that are coupled to stimulation of its synthesis. In healthy neurons, all of these intricate mechanisms are expected to cross-talk in harmony to result in the generation of optimal amounts of NO.
Time-dependent blockade of neurogenic plasma extravasation in dura mater by 5-HT1B/D agonists and endopeptidase 24.11.

Abstract 1. The delayed effects of stimulating the trigeminal ganglion unilaterally in rats and guinea-pigs were assessed by measuring the leakage of radiolabelled albumin from blood into the dura mater at intervals for up to 120 min after a 5 min stimulation period (5 Hz, 0.6 mA, 5 ms). 2. [125I]-albumin (50 microCi kg-1) was injected i.v. as a tracer 0, 20, 50, 80 or 110 min after stimulation and the animals were killed 10 min later. Extravasation of plasma protein developed for up to 90 min poststimulation. 3. To examine the mechanism underlying delayed plasma protein extravasation, CP-93,129 (5-HT1B receptor agonist, 460 nmol.kg-1), sumatriptan (5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, 24 nmol kg-1), or neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (1 nmol kg-1) were administered 45 or 75 min after trigeminal stimulation and 5 min before radiolabelled albumin. The extravasation response was reduced at 45 min. CP-23,129 also blocked extravasation when injected 25 min after capsaicin administration (1 mumol kg-1). 4. If the tracer was injected 5 min prior to electrical trigeminal stimulation, endopeptidase 24.11 (1 nmol kg-1) given 10 min before stimulation blocked the leakage (as reported previously for CP-93,129 or sumatriptan). All three compounds blocked the leakage when administered 30 min (but not 60 min) poststimulation in this paradigm. 5. The data support the previously made contention that neuropeptide release from sensory fibres mediates the plasma extravasation response following trigeminal ganglion stimulation, and that release and plasma leakage continue many minutes beyond the stimulation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The past and present of antireflux surgery in children.

The surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children has been prominent among the many interests and publications of Eric W. Fonkalsrud, whom this symposium honors. This paper attempts to review of some of Fonkalsrud’s contributions relative to (1) antireflux surgery in small infants and (2) the role of gastric outlet modification to reduce post-fundoplication symptoms and fundoplication failures. The occasional case of esophagitis not corrected by fundoplication also deserves brief comment.
KLF4 overexpression and apigenin treatment down regulated anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins and matrix metalloproteinases to control growth of human malignant neuroblastoma SK‐N‐DZ and IMR‐32 cells

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor that arises from immature neuroblasts of the sympathetic nervous system. Krupple-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor, the precise function of which in neuroblastoma is unclear. We examined the effects of KLF4 overexpression and apigenin (APG) treatment in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-DZ and IMR-32 cell lines. KLF4 overexpression in both SK-N-DZ and IMR-32 cell lines was confirmed by laser scanning immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and Western blotting. We found that 100 nM KLF4 plasmid and 25 μM APG synergistically inhibited the growth of SK-N-DZ and IMR-32 cells. We also found increase in KLF4 expression in response to treatment with various concentrations of APG. Combination of KLF4 plasmid and APG treatment significantly increased the amounts of apoptosis in both cell lines when compared with control vector or single treatment. We also noticed that the combination therapy decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, increased expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Noxa, and Puma, upregulated p53, and caused activation of caspase-3 for cleavage of the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) leading to completion of apoptosis machinery. Further, combination of KLF4 overexpression and APG treatment was highly effective in inhibiting migration of both neuroblastoma cell lines and was associated with down regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 and MMP-9. Collectively, our results from this investigation strongly suggest that KLF4 functions as a tumor suppressor and potentiates the anti-cancer activities of APG in two different human malignant neuroblastoma cell lines.
Thyroid hormone modulates the development of cholinergic terminal fields in the rat forebrain: relation to nerve growth factor receptor.

Abstract Hyperthyroidism, induced in rat pups by the daily intraperitoneal administration of 1 μg/g body weight triiodothyronine, facilitated the development of ChAT fiber plexuses in brain regions innervated by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, leading to an earlier and increased expression of cholinergic markers in those fibers in the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. A similar enhancement was seen in the caudate-putamen complex. This histochemical profile was correlated with an accelerated appearance of ChAT-positive telencephalic puncta, as well as with a larger total number of cholinergic terminals expressed, which persisted throughout the eighth postnatal week, the longest time examined in the present study. Hypothyroidism was produced in rat pups by adding 0.5% propylthiouracil to the dams' diet beginning the day after birth. This dietary manipulation resulted in the diminished expression of ChAT in forebrain fibers and terminals. Hypothyroid treatment also reduced the quantity of ChAT puncta present during postnatal weeks 2 and 3, and, from week 4 and continuing through week 6, the number of ChAT-positive terminals in the telencephalic regions examined was actually less than the amount extant during the former developmental epoch. Immunostaining for nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R), which is associated almost exclusively with ChAT-positive somata and fibers in the basal forebrain, demonstrated a different time course of postnatal development. Forebrain fibers and terminals demonstrating NGF-R were maximally visualized 1 week postnatally, a time at which these same neuronal elements evinced minimal ChAT-like immunopositivity. Thereafter and correlated with increased immunoreactivity for ChAT, fine details of NGF-R stained fibers were observed less frequently. Although propylthiouracil administration decreased NGF-R immunodensity, no alteration in the development of that receptor was observed as a function of triiodothyronine treatment. Cholinergic terminals in the ventrobasal thalamus, which derive from ChAT-positive neurons in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, were unaffected by either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid conditions. These cells also do not demonstrate NGF-R. We conclude from these experiments (1) that cholinergic fiber plexuses eventually exhibiting ChAT positivity in the telencephalon demonstrate NGF-R prior to the cholinergic synthetic enzyme, (2) that susceptibility to thyroid hormone manipulations may involve sensitivity to NGF, at least in some forebrain cholinergic systems and (3) that the effects of thyroid hormone imbalances on brain cholinergic neurons are regionally selective.
Effect of protein type and quantity on growth and development of larval Heliothis zea and Spodoptera exigua and the endoparasitoid Hyposoter exiguae

Based on the use of casein, soy protein, and corn gluten in artificial diets, we show that larval growth of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is significantly reduced both by a deficit and surfeit of dietary protein. The optimal level of protein varies with protein type. Similar protein treatments were also used to examine the influence of host diet on growth and development of the endoparasitoid Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Dietary protein regimens reducing host larval growth to the greatest extent are most stressful to the parasitoid, irrespective of protein type. Parasitoid growth appeared to be regulated by the nutritional status of the host. The parasitoid required the host to reach ca 20 mg before it could successfully complete its larval development and pupate. This suggests that host hormones may also be involved in parasitoid development. The implications of these findings for theory of tritrophic interactions are discussed. Zusammenfassung Einfluss von Proteintyp und Proteinqualitat auf Wachstum und Entwicklung der Larven von Heliothis zea und Spodoptera exigua under Larven des Endoparasiten Hyposoter exiguae Mit Hilfe des Gebrauchs von Kasein, Sojaprotein und Maisgluten in kunstlicher Diat zeigen wir, dass das Wachstum der Larven von Heliothis zea (Boddie) und Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) signifikant reduziert ist durch Defizit oder Uberschuss von Protein in der Diat. Der optimale Proteingehalt hangt von der Proteinart ab. Ahnliche Proteindiaten wurden auch benutzt, um ‘den Einfluss von Wirtsdiat auf Wachstum und Entwicklung des Endoparasiten Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) zu untersuchen. Diejenigen Proteingehaltsstufen, die das Larvenwachstum des Wirts zum grossten Ausmass reduzieren, produzieren den grossten Stress fur den Parasiten, unabhangig von der Proteinart. Das Wachstum des Parasiten scheint durch den Ernahrungszustand des Wirtes reguliert zu werden. Fur die erfolgreiche Larvenentwicklung und Verpuppung des Parasiten war ein Gewicht des Wirtes von ca. 20 mg Voraussetzung. Das deutet auf die Moglichkeit hin, dass Wirtshormone fur die Entwicklung des Parasiten eine Rolle spielen konnen. Schlussfolgerungen aus diesen Ergebnissen fur die Theorie tritrophischer Wechselbeziehungen werden diskutiert.
Panning requirement nuggets in stream of software maintenance tickets

There is an increasing trend to outsource maintenance of large applications and application portfolios of a business to third parties, specialising in application maintenance, who are incented to deliver the best possible maintenance at the lowest cost. To do so, they need to identify repeat problem areas, which cause more maintenance grief, and seek a unified remedy to avoid the costs spent on fixing these individually. These repeat areas, in a sense, represent major, evolving areas of need, or requirements, for the customer. The information about the repeating problem is typically embedded in the unstructured text of multiple tickets, waiting to be found and addressed. Currently, repeat problems are found by manual analysis; effective solutions depend on the collective experience of the team solving them. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically analyze problem tickets to discover groups of problems being reported in them and provide meaningful, descriptive labels to help interpret these groups. Our approach incorporates a cleansing phase to handle the high level of noise observed in problem tickets and a method to incorporate multiple text clustering techniques and merge their results in a meaningful manner. We provide detailed experiments to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate our approach
Conformational analysis and electronic structure of acetanilide

The calculations of the electronic structure and conformational analysis of the acetanilide were carried out using the CNDO/2 method. The results show that the endo form is 1.2 Kcal/mole more stable than the exo form. The most stable conformation of the exo isomer corresponds to the dihedral angle of 90 ° between the phenyl and acetamide plane, whereas the minimum energy conformation of the endo isomer corresponds to the dihedral angle 50 °–60 °. A comparison of the calculated and experimental dipole moments suggests also the dihedral angle of 50 °–60 °. A comparison with experiment indicates that this molecular orbital method is good for conformational analysis and gives electronic structure which is compatible with spectroscopic measurement. The calculated conformational analysis and electronic structure of the acetanilide are in excellent agreement with experiments.
Factorial optimization of bleach constituents for silver halide holograms

A factorial design approach to optimizing rehalogenating bleaches for silver halide holograms is presented. An advantage of this technique is that it allows simultaneous improvement in a number of hologram performance characteristics as a function of several input parameters. Interactive effects of combinations of input parameters can also be examined. A specific experiment is described in which diffraction efficiency, average light loss, thickness change, and noise grating efficiency are optimized as a function rehalogenating agent, oxiding agent, and acid concentrations of a rehalogenating bleach. Results for both Agfa 8E75HD and Ilford SP673 films are presented.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with transmission of a ring(Y) chromosome and ovotesticular disorder of sex development in offspring

We present a newborn infant with ovotesticular disorder of sex development and sex chromosome mosaicism with a supernumerary ring(Y), and a normal female cell line (47,XXr(Y)[10]/46,XX[40]. The ring (Y) was inherited from the child's father, and was transmitted following assisted reproductive technology and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The father presented with infertility and oligospermia, but cytogenetic analysis had not been carried out as part of the infertility workup. The Y containing cell line had not been seen on amniocentesis, which had shown a 46,XX apparently normal female karyotype in all cells studied. Molecular analysis using polymorphic probes from the X chromosome demonstrated that the 47,XXr(Y) cell line in the child was consistent with inheritance from the father, following meiosis I paternal non-disjunction. This report underscores the need to obtain chromosome analysis in couples with infertility who undergo assisted reproduction.
Nonsmooth Bilevel Programming for Hyperparameter Selection

We propose a nonsmooth bilevel programming method for training linear learning models with hyperparameters optimized via $T$-fold cross-validation (CV). This algorithm scales well in the sample size. The method handles loss functions with embedded maxima such as in support vector machines. Current practice constructs models over a predefined grid of hyperparameter combinations and selects the best one, an inefficient heuristic. Innovating over previous bilevel CV approaches, this paper represents an advance towards the goal of self-tuning supervised data mining as well as a significant innovation in scalable bilevel programming algorithms. Using the bilevel CV formulation, the lower-level problems are treated as unconstrained optimization problems and are replaced with their optimality conditions. The resulting nonlinear program is nonsmooth and nonconvex. We develop a novel bilevel programming algorithm to solve this class of problems, and apply it to linear least-squares support vector regression having hyperparameters $C$ (tradeoff) and $\epsilon$ (loss insensitivity). This new approach outperforms grid search and prior smooth bilevel CV methods in terms of modeling performance. Increased speed foresees modeling with an increased number of hyperparameters.
Effect of an older sibling and birth interval on the risk of childhood injury.

Objective —Certain family structures have been identified as putting children at high risk for injury. To further define children at highest risk, we set out to explore the effect of an older sibling and birth interval on the risk of injury related hospital admission or death. Methods —Data were analyzed using a case-control design. Cases and controls were identified by linking longitudinal birth data from Washington state (1989–96) to death certificate records and hospital discharge data obtained from the Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System and frequency matched in a 1:2 ratio on year of birth. Cases consisted of singleton children 6 years of age or younger who were hospitalized or died as a result of injury during the years 1989–96. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify and adjust for confounding variables. Results —There were 3145 cases and 8371 controls. The adjusted odds ratio for injury in children with an older sibling was 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.65). The effect was greatest in children under 2 years of age, and in those with a birth interval of less than two years. As the number of older siblings increased, so did the risk of injury, with the highest risk in children with three or more older siblings. Conclusion —These data suggest that the presence of an older sibling is associated with an increased risk of injury. The risk is highest in those with very short birth intervals. Potential mechanisms for this increased risk may relate to inadequate parental supervision. Pediatricians and other care providers need to be alert to these identifiable risk factors and then direct preventive strategies, such as home visits and educational programs, toward these families.
The development of the International Society for Burn Injuries and progress in burn care: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Book, 7th International Congress on Burn Injuries, Melbourne, Australia, 1986. A 151 [abstract]. [59] Saisy R, Lioret N, Mazanes MJ, Kirsch JM, Baux S. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and respiratory sequelae after inhalation injury. Programme and Abstract Book, 7th International Congress on Burn Injuries, Melbourne, Australia, 1986. A 187 [abstract]. [60] Vaughan G, Plymate SR, Mason AD Jr. Testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid hormones in burn patients. Programme and Abstract Book, 7th International Congress on Burn Injuries, Melbourne, Australia, 1986. A 241 [abstract]. [61] Klasen H. Early oral feeding in patients with extensive burns. Programme and Abstract Book, 7th International Congress on Burn Injuries, Melbourne, Australia, 1986. A 59 [abstract]. [62] Clark CJ, Kinsella J, Gemmell CG, Reid WH. Airway reactivity and bronchoalveolar cell pro®les in ®re victims. Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 339 [abstract]. [63] Gueugniaud P, Bouchard C, Marin-La Fleche I, Durand F, Vaudelin T, Bernard F, Petit P. Cerebral Edema: a new complication of resuscitation in acutely critical burned patients. The teaching of a usual management of the intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion (CPP). Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 158 [abstract]. [64] Session IB, Epidermal culture. Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 20±21 [abstract]. [65] Chu C-S, McManus AT, Guymon CH. Iontophoretic treatment of burn wound sepsis using silver nylon dressings. Programme and Abstract Book. 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 319 [abstract]. [66] Becker WE, LeVoyer TE, Cio WG, Kim SH, McManus AT, McManus WF, Mason AD, Pruitt BA Jr. Fungal colonization and infection of the burn wound. Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 420 [abstract]. [67] Vaughan GM, Vaughan MK, Waymack JP. Altered TSHthyroid axis control in burned rats. Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 119 [abstract]. [68] Cio WG, Carlson DE, Mason AD, McManus WF, Pruitt BA Jr. Resting metabolism in thermally injured patients. Programme and Abstract Book, 8th International Congress on Burn Injuries, New Delhi, India, 1990. p. 219 [abstract]. [69] Mozingo DW, Cio WG Jr, Becker WK, Mason AD Jr, Pruitt BA Jr. The eect of timing of administration of a Trinositol (PP56) on burn wound edema and albumin extravaB.A. Pruitt Jr. / Burns 25 (1999) 683±696 694
Determinants of Exercise in Children

Abstract Background . The recognition that children are surprisingly inactive and that lifetime health beliefs and behavior patterns are formed in childhood has emphasized the need to examine the acquisition of exercise behavior in children. Although research has shown social learning theory variables to be relevant to the study of excerise determinants in an adult population, there has been little study done with child populations. The purpose of the present study was to explore the factors that may influence a child′s level of physical activity. Methods . Two hundred forty-two 5th and 6th-grade children and their mothers were interviewed. It was hypothesized that several social learning variables would exert a particularly strong influence on level of physical activity of children. Results . Regression analysis results indicated that salient predictor variables for boys included enjoyment of physical activity, friend and family support for physical activity, mother′s perceived barriers to exercise, and mother′s perceived family support for exercise. For girls, the salient predictor variables included enjoyment of physical activity, number of exercise-related items at home, mother′s perceived family support for physical activity, mother′s perceived barriers to exercise, and direct parental modeling of physical activity. Conclusions . It appears that social learning variables may be important correlates of physical activity in children.
Bilateral squamosal suture synostosis: A rare form of isolated craniosynostosis in Crouzon syndrome.

Bilateral squamosal suture synostosis: A rare form of isolated craniosynostosis in Crouzon syndrome
Achievable rates for the Gaussian quantum channel

We study the properties of quantum stabilizer codes that embed a finite-dimensional protected code space in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The stabilizer group of such a code is associated with a symplectically integral lattice in the phase space of 2N canonical variables. From the existence of symplectically integral lattices with suitable properties, we infer a lower bound on the quantum capacity of the Gaussian quantum channel that matches the one-shot coherent information optimized over Gaussian input states.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Transforming Growth Factor‐α and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Fallopian Tubes and Cumulus Cells

PROBLEM: Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-α) has been shown to be a potent stimulant of oocyte maturation and embryonic development. The role of maternal growth factors and their mechanism of action in early mammalian development is not well understood. METHOD: In this study, the presence of TGF-α and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in human cumulus cells and fallopian tubes was investigated by immunocytochemical techniques. RESULTS: The fallopian tube showed intense staining for TGF-α in the apical region of the epithelial cells, and the cumulus cells showed intense staining for EGF-R on cell membranes. CONCLUSION: The presence of TGF-α in the fallopian tube epithelium and its receptor on cumulus cells suggest a paracrine mechanism between maternal growth factors and the developing embryo.
Deformation and Cracking of Seepage Barriers in Dams due to Changes in the Pore Pressure Regime

A procedure is presented for analyzing postconstruction deformation of seepage barriers due to changes in the pore pressure regime after seepage barrier construction. The procedure uses the changes in pore pressures calculated by finite-element seepage analyses to calculate changes in buoyancy and seepage forces that occur as a result of seepage barrier construction. When the buoyancy and seepage forces are applied to a finite-element soil-structure interaction model, the result is an effective-stress analysis that rigorously models seepage effects. This paper discusses application of the procedure to five dams to calculate postconstruction deformation and stresses in seepage barriers. The results of the analyses indicate that deformation due to pore pressure regime changes is a likely mechanism causing cracking in rigid seepage barriers.
GBOPCAD: a synthesis tool for high-performance gain-boosted opamp design

A systematic design methodology for high-performance gain-boosted opamps (GBOs) is presented. The methodology allows the optimization of the GBO in terms of ac response and settling performance and is incorporated into an automatic computer-aided design (CAD) tool, called GBOPCAD. Analytic equations and heuristics are first used by GBOPCAD to obtain a sizing solution close to the global optimum. Then, simulated annealings are used by GBOPCAD to find the global optimum. A sample opamp is designed by this tool in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. It achieves a dc gain of 80 dB, a unity-gain bandwidth of 836 MHz with 60/spl deg/ phase margin and a 0.0244% settling time of 5 ns. The sample/hold front-end of a 12-bit 50-MSample/s analog-digital converter was implemented with this opamp. It achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 81.9 dB for a 8.1-MHz input signal.
Price regulation and quality

Abstract A growing concern on the part of regulators in the telecommunications and electric power industries is that the adoption of price-cap regulation may weaken incentives for investment in service quality. This analysis reveals that participation by the regulated firm in complementary, competitive markets may serve to temper this incentive. Paradoxically, commonly used revenue-share penalties can (actually) serve to reduce investment in quality. In contrast, profit-share penalties and increased information dissemination regarding the regulated firm's compliance with quality benchmarks provide unambiguous incentives for increased investment in quality, ceteris paribus.
Adipose-derived Stem cells and BMP2: Part 2. BMP2 may not influence the osteogenic fate of human adipose-derived stem cells

Although recent studies have proposed that human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), together with BMP2, can heal critical-sized bony defects, a companion study in this issue suggests that ASCs may not respond to BMP2 in vivo. To examine why this may be occurring. ASCs were treated with BMP2 and the cells' in vitro osteogenic capacity assessed along with the canonical BMP2 signaling pathway. In vitro treatment of ASCs with BMP2 had no consistent and significant effect on matrix mineralization or their expression of several osteogenic markers. Consistent and significant changes to Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation levels were also not observed upon BMP2 induction. The removal of dexamethasone from the BMP2 induction conditions had no effect on the observed results nor did stimulating ASCs with BMP2 from an alternate source (INFUSE; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). In addition, no BMP-induced nuclear translocation of Smad1/Smad4 complexes could be discerned, suggesting that the canonical BMP2 signaling pathway may ...
Model completions and omitting types

Universal theories with model completions are characterized. A new omitting types theorem is proved. These two results are used to prove the existence of a universal ℵ0-categorical partial order with an interesting embedding property. Other aspects of these results also are considered.
Concentration of critical nutrients in tolerant and susceptible sorghum lines for use in screening under acid soil field conditions

Acid soil infertility is directly related to nutritional imbalances in plants grown on these problem soils. Sorghum genotypes vary tremendously in their ability to take up elements under stress conditions1,5. No single element concentration can be used when evaluating genotypes for tolerance/susceptibility to acid soils. The complete nutritional profile of the plant plus dry weight production and a visual rating scheme2 can be combined to provide reasonable and reliable comparisons of genotypes grown under field conditions of acid soil stress. This information can then be used in a breeding program to develop improved acid soil tolerant germplasm3. This paper reports relative leaf element concentration values from tolerant and susceptible sorghum genotypes grown under five acid soil field environments from 1978 to 1980 in the southeastern United States. The leaf element uptake values are subsequently used to derive an acid soil field tolerance rating in conjunction with dry matter production values and visual rating scores to categorize sorghum genotypes for tolerance or susceptibility.
Dimensions of physical activity in African American women

Obesity and hypertension are among the international problems for which health professionals urge exercise. Exercise might increase if advisers knew how patients normally expend energy. Using the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), this U.S. study measured energy expenditure in several dimensions of physical activity including exercise, in African American women with hypertension (N = 100). Over half expended at least 6,000 (kilocalories) kcal per week; most expended over 3,500 of those kcal in everyday work activities. Such activities could be enhanced to supplement aerobic exercise. When physical activity is urged to promote health, it is important to consider kcal expenditure beyond exercise.
Distribution of Amiloride-sensitive Sodium Channels in the Oral Cavity of the Hamster

The distribution of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels (ASSCs) in taste buds isolated from the oral cavity of hamsters was assessed by patch clamp recording. In contrast to the case for rats, taste cells from the fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae and from the soft palate all contain functional ASSCs. The differential distribution of ASSCs between the hamster and the rat may be important for understanding the physiology underlying the differing behavioral responses of these species to sodium salts.
HIV testing in the United States, 2002

OBJECTIVE This report presents national estimates of testing for Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The objectives are to present nationally representative estimates of the degree of self-reported lifetime and recent HIV testing among persons 15-44 years of age in the United States. The report also contains data on sources of testing, reasons for tests, and whether HIV counseling was obtained. METHODS Data from the 2002 NSFG, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), are based on interviews with a national sample of the household population of the United States. In-person, face-to-face interviews were conducted in the homes of 12,571 males and females 15-44 years of age in 2002. Most of the data used for this report were collected by an interviewer who asked the questions and entered the answers into a laptop computer. RESULTS One-half of men and women 15-44 years of age in 2002 reported that they had been tested at least once (other than through blood donation), and 15.1 percent had been tested in the past 12 months, which is equivalent to 17-20 million tests per year among 15-44 year olds. Testing is more common in some population subgroups than others, for example, among African Americans and persons with increased risk for HIV. Private physicians and HMOs were the largest provider of tests, accounting for 45 percent of recent tests. Public sources accounted for 22 percent of tests. A minority of recently tested respondents (29 percent) reported talking with a health professional about the HIV test after being tested. Among women who had recently been pregnant, 69 percent reported being tested for HIV during prenatal care. Persons 15-44 years of age with increased risk for HIV, defined by drug-related or sex-related behavior, had higher reported testing during their lifetime and in the past 12 months than those not at higher risk. However, one-third of this higher risk group reported that they had never had an HIV test, equivalent to 4.1-5.5 million untested, at-risk persons aged 15-44 years, and a majority of higher risk persons had not been tested in the past year.
Integer-Valued Entire Functions

An integer-valued entire function f is one such that f (n) is an integer for n= 0, 1, 2, • • •. Some examples are (i) sinπz (ii) 2 z (iii) any polynomial with integer coefficients.
A k-Vector Approach to Sampling, Interpolation, and Approximation

The k-vector search technique is a method designed to perform extremely fast range searching of large databases at computational cost independent of the size of the database. k-vector search algorithms have historically found application in satellite star-tracker navigation systems which index very large star catalogues repeatedly in the process of attitude estimation. Recently, the k-vector search algorithm has been applied to numerous other problem areas including non-uniform random variate sampling, interpolation of 1-D or 2-D tables, nonlinear function inversion, and solution of systems of nonlinear equations. This paper presents algorithms in which the k-vector search technique is used to solve each of these problems in a computationally-efficient manner. In instances where these tasks must be performed repeatedly on a static (or nearly-static) data set, the proposed k-vector-based algorithms offer an extremely fast solution technique that outperforms standard methods.
Estimation Based on Autopsy Data from Stress-Strength Experiments

AbstractIf Y is a random variable representing the breaking strength of a given material and X is a random variable measuring the stress placed on that material, then the probability that the material will survive the stress to which it is subjected is simply P = P(X < Y). In most applications involving stress-strength testing, the variables X and Y are modeled as independent with cumulative distribution functions F and G, respectively. Some of the highlights of the literature on the estimation of P will be reviewed. Our focus then shifts to the problem of estimating stress and strength distributions from autopsy data, for example, from data on welded steel bars from a collapsed bridge. The general framework studied involves a random pair (Y, Z), where Y is a real-valued random variable associated with the strength of randomly selected material and, given Y = y, Z is a Bernoulli variable with probability p = p (y), interpreted as the conditional probability of surviving stress Y = y. We will explore the s...
The utility of tables for screen reader users

The mere existence of digital documents on the web makes those documents more accessible to blind people than if they were not digitized. The web provides several opportunities, however, for web authors to describe what content looks like, rather than what it means, and this visual description inconveniences and confuses people using screen readers. We focus on the particular instance of this problem where information that is logically tabular is presented using repeated visual templates. We recruited a group of experienced screen reader users and observed them performing a series of tasks designed to elicit tabular behavior. We find that people who make use of tabular operations perform the tasks faster and more successfully than those who do not. We furthermore find that while many users discover the tables we introduced as part of the study, many others do not or do not choose to make use of the tables. We discuss some techniques for enhancing the discoverability of the introduced tables.
National grid experience of protection setting re-calculation due to transmission system reinforcements

Asset replacement and new connections on the electricity transmission system require Overhead Line (OHL) reconfiguration and/or re-conductoring. System reconfiguration and new generation connections result in changes to system fault levels which warrant protection setting review. The paper describes the approach adopted by National Grid to determine the requirement for protection setting re-calculation due to changes to OHL impedance and fault levels.