cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double inlet pulse tube cryocooler with stepped piston compressor

An analytical model has been developed for the performance of a double inlet pulse tube cryocooler employing a stepped piston compressor. Numerical results are presented as a function of the area ratio of the stepped piston. In some cases, the double inlet pulse tube cryocooler is shown to have more refrigeration power than the corresponding single inlet device. However, the increased refrigeration power is achieved at the cost of reduced thermal efficiency.
Piston and Ring Friction by the Fixed Sleeve Method

A new technique termed the «fixed sleeve» method has been developed to measure the instantaneous friction of the piston and ring assembly as a function of crank angle. This method is a derivative of what has been termed the «moveable bore» method. Results are presented for friction determinations on a 4.1 litre gasoline engine for motoring and firing operation at a variety of speeds, loads, and engine temperatures
PERCEPTION OF PARENTS AND PREFERENCES FOR LIVING GROUP: A FIRO RESEARCH NOTE '

As part of researching an experimental college with apartment-style group-housing, Schutz's (1958) FIRO-B and a 25-item Living Group Questionnaire were given to 123 residents in 1979. One year later, 134 self-administered the questionnaire and Schutz's Perception of Parents (POP) Rater, which consists of paired descriptions for three aspects of early home life (Attention, Discipline, and Warmth). After analysis of the 1979 data showed differential correlation by sex (Floyd, 1988), the 1980 data were examined for a similar effect. The only significant demographc difference between the two samples was on the families' socioeconomic status with more upper middle-class respondents in the 1980 group (x2 = 7.49, p< .01). Both samples showed significant differences on some living-goup items by sex and on others by academic standing, but the only point of consistency was that in 1980, as in 1979, men placed more importance on household members being willing to have sex with one another (F = 6.99, p< .01). There were no significant sex dsferences in POP ratings, but the POP items were highly intercorrelated, and partial rs for five living-group items showing zero-order correlation yielded three significantly related to Warmth. Students who said they had not received much affection as children expressed more concern about household members observing the same dietary practices (rm = .20, p = .01), and placed less importance on touching (rn = -.18, p<.05) or hugging and kissing one another (5 = -.20, p<.05). Analysis of women'; ratings showed Warmth similarly related to concern about d~et:~ry practices (r, = .25, p<.05), and lack of concern about couching (r, = -.31, p<.01) or hugging and kissing (rp = -.27, p = .01), whereas men's ratings showed no significant correlations on these items. Discipline was negatively correlated with concern about dietary practices (rD = -.17, p<.05), meaning students who depicted their parents as having been strict with them placed less importance in this area, but no sex difference was found. Additional evidence was obtained for the concept of differential scale relevance and also a possible qualification for Schutz's postulate of relational continuity in that response to the college living group as an extension of the parental home appeared to be sex-specific. Despite efforts to control for intercorrelation and sex differences, the dietary practices item still seemed to tap both Discipline and Warmth suggesting, as Schutz (1958, p. 91) noted about Attention and Warmth, that these items may be "logically distinguishable but empirically related."
Analytical Models of Competition with Implications for Marketing: Issues, Findings, and Outlook:

The authors review a representative cross-section of analytical models of competition using a framework for competitive analysis developed from a marketing perspective. Models are classified by the...
Protein Hydrogel Immobilization via Multiphoton Plasmonic Lithography (MPPL)

We regioselectively localize protein hydrogels over the hot spots of single gold nanotriangle using MPPL, and track the immobilization using dark-field scattering spectroscopy. This technique can be exploited to study biological interactions in the nanoscale.
Advances in Effects of Environmental Ecological Factors on Rice Quality

Effects of several environmental ecological factors such as terrain,climate,soil,nutrition,pollution on milling quality,appearance quality,cooking quality,eating quality and nutritional quality of rice in China were summarized.
The investigation of the blood glucose level and DM morbility on the countryside in 2 neighbouring villages

Objective: To detect and investigate FBG levels,IFG and DM morbility of 837 person from inner-countryside and outer-countryside(≥50-year old) in Binjiang Reg,and to study their region differences and sex differences.Methods: The FBG levels,IFG and DM morbility of 360 inner countryside(159 men and 201 women) and 477 outer countryside(234 men and 243 women) in Changhe street were detected and investigated by the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling.Results: In 837 cases,FBG level,IFG and DM morbility were 5.67±2.03 mmol/L,25.45% and 10.39% respectively.The region difference: FBG level(5.51±2.00 mmol/L),IFG morbility(23.89%) and DM morbility(9.16%) from inner-countryside group were significantly lower than those of outer-countryside group(6.49±2.02 mmol/L,27.04% and 11.32%,P0.05 all).FBG level,IFG and DM morbility from inner-countryside and outer-countryside had no difference between women and men(P0.05 all).Conclusion: In Binjiang Reg,there are the region differences of FBG level,IFG and DM morbility comparing the inner-countryside and outer-countryside but no sex difference between women and men.
Multi-language hypotheses ranking and domain tracking for open domain dialogue systems.

Hypothesis ranking (HR) is an approach for improving the accuracy of both domain detection and tracking in multi-domain, multi-turn dialogue systems. This paper presents the results of applying a universal HR model to multiple dialogue systems, each of which are using a different language. It demonstrates that as the set of input features used by HR models are largely language independent a single, universal HR model can be used in place of language specific HR models with only a small loss in accuracy (average absolute gain of +3.55% versus +4.54%), and also such a model can generalise well to new unseen languages, especially related languages (achieving an average absolute gain of +2.8% in domain accuracy on held out locales fr-fr, es-es, it-it; an average of 66% of the gain that could be achieve by training language specific HR models). That the latter is achieved without retraining significantly eases expansion of existing dialogue systems to new locales/languages.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Infant Caused by Maternal Sensitization to the Blood Factor hr' (c) Report of Two Cases with Special Reference to the Etiologic Significance of Multiple Blood Transfusions in Rh Positive Women Prior to Gestation

1. Intragroup Rh incompatibility between an Rh-positive mother and an Rh-positive infant presents an unusual pattern of maternal isosensitization. 2. The antibody found in the sera of two Rh-positive mothers appeared to be of anti-hr' (anti-c) specificity. 3. Evidence of hemolytic disease in both infants was found and the findings directly correlated with this maternal antibody. 4. The welfare of the infant greatly depends on prompt recognition of this unusual pattern of maternal isosensitization and proper treatment of its disease. 5. An attempt has been made to evaluate the role of multiple transfusions of Rh-negative blood which had been given to an Rh-positive mother four years prior to gestation. 6. The wide spacing of several transfusions or transfusion and pregnancy respectively appears to be probably the most important factor in the development of isosensitization. 7. The possible danger in using Rh-negative blood as a universal safe donor is briefly discussed.
Mostly Normal: American Psychiatric Taxonomy, Sexuality, and Neoliberal Mechanisms of Exclusion

Accounts of how homosexuality was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1974 treat it as a moment of liberation and scientific progress. Economic imperatives in the 1980s, including the rise of drug companies and competition from related professions, led American psychiatrists to redefine and consolidate the profession’s status as distinct and with a unique domain. This was achieved by inducing a paradigm shift in taxonomy that was partly enabled by the struggles that led to depathologization. This paper calls into question this progress narrative of scientific knowledge production to focus instead on the power dynamics, exclusions, and processes of homogenization that have also characterized the relationship of sexuality to the DSM after depathologization. While the USA has seen the rise of much needed research into sexuality, it has also seen a tendency to flatten “LGBT” categories, understand distress in predominantly individualistic frameworks, absorb dissent within a context of increasing professionalization and bureaucratization, and create the impression of comparability across disparate frames of understanding. This paper advances a theory of how depathologization and the paradigm shift in taxonomy operated on certain neoliberal logics that have affected the understanding and management of sexual minorities in the USA.
Tiburon: science and technical results from MBARI's new ROV integrated to a SWATH platform

MBARI has completed the development of the new remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Tiburon. This vehicle was conceived of and specified by MBARI's science staff along with external science and engineering input, which at the time was unique. Reviewers from various institutions modified the specifications and systems concept for this custom-built ROV. Tiburon is tightly integrated with MBARI's SWATH vessel, R/V Western Flyer, and the entire system has been undergoing engineering tests while also performing science missions. The tests are nearly completed and science missions have been expanded over the last year. The original specification for Tiburon and the RN Western Flyer are compared to the original specification. Application of specific technology implementations towards accomplishing the specification goals is discussed. Conclusions are drawn relative to the effectiveness of the chosen solutions. Future efforts for the system are also mentioned.
Modeling gold nanoparticle-eluting spacer degradation during brachytherapy application with in situ dose painting.

Objective:To investigate the dosimetric impact of slow vs burst release of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) from biodegradable brachytherapy spacers loaded with GNPs, which has been proposed to increase therapeutic efficacy during brachytherapy application with in situ dose painting.Methods:Mathematical models were developed based on experimental data to study the release of GNPs from a spacer designed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer. The models addressed diffusion controlled-release process and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) degradation kinetics that were used to determine GNP concentration profiles in tumour and the corresponding dose enhancement.Results:The results show a significant delay of GNP diffusion in the tumour in comparison to burst release assumed in previous studies. The model for diffusion controlled-release process and the model for combined processes of both diffusion and polymer degradation indicated that it may take about 25 and 45 days, respectively, for all GNPs to release from th...
The Writer's Share (The Donahue Lecture)

The Writers Guild of America, West (WGA or Writers Guild), the union that represents Hollywood film and television writers, has waged a major fight about payment for re-use of the writers’ work every time technology changed the way that screen entertainment was distributed. In the early 1950s, the Writers Guild negotiated that the movie and television production companies would make a “residual” payment to the credited writer of a film (and later a TV episode) whenever the film or TV episode was reissued or rebroadcast after its initial run. The stakes in this longstanding struggle have grown as Hollywood moved ever more toward the freelance model of intermittent work punctuated by periods of unemployment. The more technology enabled reuse of work, the more tenuous writers’ long-term career prospects became, and, therefore, the more writers’ economic security depended on being paid for later uses of their work. Disputes over sharing the revenue generated by reuse of films and television episodes have been the source of labor unrest in Hollywood from the 1940s through the long 2007-2008 writers’ strike, and the issue arose again in the negotiations for a new collective bargaining agreement to take effect in May 2017. The Writers Guild was crucial in overcoming the considerable collective action and administrative challenges in creating this novel form of intellectual property and deferred compensation. Residuals are a collectively bargained benefit to which all credited writers are entitled, regardless of their bargaining power or the amount of their salary or the script fee paid for their work. This article explains the early history of residuals. It also points out that the Guild’s early proposals for compensation for re-use would have avoided some of the problems that exist in the current system. In particular, the mind-bogglingly complex system that exists today was the Guild’s fallback position when the studios resisted a much simpler system – that today is advocated as the desirable reform – of paying talent a percentage of all of a project’s gross revenue from all platforms.
Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped with Filoviral Glycoproteins

Pseudotyping lentivirus-based vectors is a strategy used to study conferred vector tropism and mechanisms of envelope glycoprotein function. Lentiviruses and filoviruses both assemble at the plasma membrane and have homotrimeric structural envelope glycoproteins that mediate both receptor binding and fusion. Such similarities help foster efficient pseudotyping. Importantly, filovirus glycoprotein pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors allows investigators to study virus entry at substantially less restrictive levels of biosafety containment than that required for wild-type filovirus work (biosafety level-2 vs. biosafety level-4, respectively). Standard lentiviral vector production involves transient transfection of viral component expression plasmids into producer cells, supernatant collection, and centrifuge concentration. Because the envelope glycoprotein expression plasmid is provided in trans, wild type or variant filoviral glycoproteins from marburgvirus or ebolavirus species may be used for pseudotyping and compared side-by-side. In this chapter we discuss the manufacture of pseudotyped lentiviral vector with an emphasis on small-scale laboratory grade production.
Computerized Urinary Catheter Culture Monitoring

The Infectious Disease Department at LDS Hospital has a long-standing interest in the problem of nosocomial bacteruria. As part of ongoing research, urinary culture specimens are collected daily from patients with indwelling urinary catheters. The computer assists the research by generating a daily list of patients who should have their urine collected. If certain data elements need to be collected manually (as occasionally happens when a particular therapeutic or prophylactic regimen is being studied), the computer prints the questions that need to be answered on the daily list, thus turning the list into a data collection tool. Special urinary catheter culture reports are generated by the computer and become part of the patient’s permanent medical record.
Phase stability and mechanical properties of Mo1-xNx with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

First-principle density-functional calculations coupled with the USPEX evolutionary phase-search algorithm are employed to calculate the convex hull of the Mo-N binary system. Eight molybdenum nitride compound phases are found to be thermodynamically stable: tetragonal β-Mo3N, hexagonal δ-Mo3N2, cubic γ-Mo11N8, orthorhombic e-Mo4N3, cubic γ-Mo14N11, monoclinic σ-MoN and σ-Mo2N3, and hexagonal δ-MoN2. The convex hull is a straight line for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.44 such that bcc Mo and the five listed compound phases with x ≤ 0.44 are predicted to co-exist in thermodynamic equilibrium. Comparing the convex hulls of cubic and hexagonal Mo1-xNx indicates that cubic structures are preferred for molybdenum rich (x 0.5) compositions, while similar formation enthalpies for cubic and hexagonal phases at intermediate x = 0.3–0.5 imply that kinetic factors play a crucial role in the phase formation. The volume per atom Vo of the thermodynamically stable M...
RULE-BASED PROCESS PLANNING AND SETUP PLANNING WITH CONSIDERATIONS OF GD&T REQUIREMENTS

Computer aided process planning is a critical link between design and manufacturing. The ready process plan in integration of design and manufacturing is always important to save manufacturing time, reduction of work in progress. This paper describes a rule based intelligent process planning system which selects necessary manufacturing processes features in the metal mechanical parts. Novel feature of this system is the use of detailed GD&T specification on both process selection and setup planning modules. Process selection module selects the necessary processes for manufacturing the hole feature that depends on feature dimensions, feature precedence, and specified geometric and dimensional tolerances. Setup planning module determines the sequences of the setups of the prismatic part on the machine tools that includes clustering and sequencing of the features in setups. This module uses rules for the following steps: tool approach direction definition, setup formation based on GD&T requirements, resolution of possible cyclic setups, setup sequencing and operation sequencing in setups. Rules can generate valid setups for both 3-axis and 4-axis milling machines. The procedures are illustrated on several examples.
Vocal Traditions: Miller Voice Method

AbstractVocal Traditions is a series in the Voice and Speech Review that highlights historically important voice teachers and schools of thought in the world of vocal pedagogy. In this essay, Miller Voice Method (MVM) offers its overview, history, teaching style and philosophy, goals, and details on certification. The key features of MVM are explored including: active breath, the attention blueprint, athleticism, on-camera applications, and text transfusion. The essay discusses the importance of integration—how the methodology assists actors in bridging the gap between technique and application, and the vital connection between the philosophy of the work and the work itself. The essay also describes unique MVM offerings including a video series highlighting core exercises (found on its website), on-camera techniques for vocal diagnostic and development, personalized action plans, and perspectives that reprioritize the audience’s experience as a vital component to actor training.
Introduction and Informal Discussion

Signal processing is the discipline of extracting information from related collections of measurements. To be effective, measurements must be organized and then filtered, detected, or transformed in some way to expose the desired information.
Chapter 5 Capillary electrophoresis/Mass spectrometry

Publisher Summary The mass spectrometer provides the equivalent of up to several thousand discrete selective “detectors” functioning essentially in parallel. These are capable of providing molecular weight information from the intact “molecular ion” and structurally related information from its dissociation in the mass spectrometer. The capillary electrophoresis (CE)–mass spectrometry (MS) combination is nearly ideal: CE is based upon the differential migration of ions in solution, while MS analyzes ions by their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in the gas phase. These two highly orthogonal analytical methods exploit ion motion in two quite different environments—moderately conductive liquid buffers and high vacuum, respectively. A primary role of the CE–MS interface is to bridge these different environments. Two general on-line interfacing methods are used for CE–MS based upon continuous flow fast atom bombardment (FAB) and electrospray ionization introduction methods for mass spectrometry.
The Forces of Growth and Change

As the preceding chapters have indicated, in the nineteen fifties, the OAS was a new organization even though it was based on old principles. The Charter represented an important instrument with which the Organization had equipped itself to shape its course for the future. It was also stated that the introduction of the Charter saved the day for the Pan American movement enabling it to survive the difficulties and challenges of the nineteen fifties, especially at a time when the United Nations agencies seemed to duplicate the objectives of Pan-Americanism. Initially, therefore, guided by its Charter provisions, enthused by its principles and sustained by its core structures, the Organization was able to remain faithful to its basic objectives. The Charter also provided the impetus for growth and afforded the unique tool for the Organization to focus and direct its activities.
Salivary Gland Heterotopia in the Gastroesophageal Junction: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Heterotopia is defined as the presence of mature, histologically normal, tissue in unusual anatomic sites. When this heterotopic tissue forms a mass, it is called a choristoma. This case series describes 3 cases of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) salivary heterotopias. While heterotopias are usually incidental findings, choristomas can clinically and endoscopically mimic carcinomas and might lead to unnecessary procedures for the patients. Clinicians should therefore be aware of this entity. Literature search, however, failed to show any reports of salivary gland heterotopias in the GEJ. In fact, literature review revealed only 6 reported cases of salivary gland choristoma in the gastrointestinal tract, none at the GEJ. In this case series, we report 2 cases of salivary gland heterotopia and one case of salivary gland choristoma arising at the GE junction. To our knowledge, this is the first series of its kind in the literature.
Mirror Symmetry and Partition Functions

Localization methods have produced explicit expressions for the sphere partition functions of (2,2) superconformal field theories. The mirror symmetry conjecture predicts an IR duality between pairs of Abelian gauged linear sigma models, a class of which describe families of Calabi-Yau manifolds realizable as complete intersections in toric varieties. We investigate this prediction for the sphere partition functions and find agreement between that of a model and its mirror up to the scheme-dependent ambiguities inherent in the definitions of these quantities.
Comfort in Treating Sexual Problems: Current Training and Counselor Self-Efficacy:

Counselor discomfort with sex can impede couple growth during the therapeutic process. As couples address multifaceted problems during therapy, counselors should be prepared to professionally discu...
State estimation-based target tracking and applications of multi sensor data fusion

Detection, discrimination and tracking of a target under a given dynamic environment is one of the main challenges of an integrated sensory system. A combination of two or more sensors will always provide a better position estimate rather than a single sensor. The advantages of multi-sensor data fusion over a conventional single sensor tracking are presented in this paper. Using state estimators from simple linear rustic filters to a complex nonlinear filter, the tracking of target performing three different motions with sensor noises are presented in this paper. RADAR and the infrared search and track (IRST) are the two sensors considered based on which a complete mathematical modelling and simulation of the sensor measurements and tracking methodologies are utilised. The extension of the paper also presents the image fusion techniques using a widely known technique known as principle component analysis method. The RMS errors in position as well as image error measurements are performed that shows the superiority of the multi sensor data fusion process.
Measuring the Value of Linguistics: A Case Study from St. Lawrence Island Yupik.

The adaptation of neural approaches to NLP is a landmark achievement that has called into question the utility of linguistics in the development of computational systems. This research proposal consequently explores this question in the context of a neural morphological analyzer for a polysynthetic language, St. Lawrence Island Yupik. It asks whether incorporating elements of Yupik linguistics into the implementation of the analyzer can improve performance, both in low-resource settings and in high-resource settings, where rich quantities of data are readily available.
Development of a Nursing Policy for the Administration of an Oncolytic Virus in the Outpatient Setting.

Abstract Objective To describe the development of a nursing policy for the administration of oncolytic viruses in therapeutic clinical trials and the unique challenges for infection control and nursing. Data Source Journal articles, web-based resources, peer-reviewed literature. Conclusion Early nursing involvement and inclusion of multidisciplinary hospital departments facilitated the creation of a nursing policy that maintained fidelity to the research protocol and minimized potential risk to nursing staff. A total of 18 doses of oncolytic viruses were administered with no inadvertent exposures to staff or other patients of the oncolytic virus. Implications for Nursing Practice Nursing should be involved at the initiation of a clinical trial to determine whether policies need to be created or changed to maintain the integrity of the research protocol while ensuring the safety of staff and patients.
Hierarchical LSTM Framework for Long-Term Sea Surface Temperature Forecasting

Multi-step prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) is a challenging problem because small errors in its shortrange forecasts can be compounded to create large errors at longer ranges. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical LSTM framework to improve the accuracy for long-term SST prediction. Our framework alleviates the error accumulation problem in multi-step prediction by leveraging outputs from an ensemble of physically-based dynamical models. Unlike previous methods, which simply take a linear combination of the outputs to produce a single deterministic forecast, our framework learns a nonlinear relationship among the ensemble member forecasts. In addition, its multi-level structure is designed to capture the temporal autocorrelation between forecasts generated for the same lead time as well as those generated for different lead times. Experiments performed using SST data from the tropical Pacific ocean region show that the proposed framework outperforms various baseline methods in more than 70% of the grid cells located in the study region.
Polemic, Memory and Emotion: John Gerard and the Writing of the Counter-Reformation in England

This essay looks principally at the well-known autobiographical account of his missionary work in England in the later Elizabethan period and in James I’s early years up to the time of the Gunpowder Plot written by the Jesuit John Gerard (1564–1637). We try to locate that account in the context of the so-called Archpriest Controversy, out of which, we suggest, it came. Here, we wish to argue, some of the current historical platitudes about post-Reformation Catholicism in England, and about the function of the seminary clergy and those who trained in the novitiates of the religious orders, look decidedly unsafe. However, we focus on the reputation of this famous Jesuit primarily in order to see how his construction of the recent past, written (despite its, in places, timeless evocation of the power of grace and the necessity of conversion) for very specific contemporary purposes, serves as a guide to the rise in England of a form of Catholic observance which was sharply at odds with the supposedly conformist culture of the national Church.
Evolution in totally constrained models: Schrödinger vs. Heisenberg pictures

We study the relation between two evolution pictures that are currently considered for totally constrained theories. Both descriptions are based on Rovelli’s evolving constants approach, where one identifies a (possibly local) degree of freedom of the system as an internal time. This method is well understood classically in several situations. The purpose of this paper is to further analyze this approach at the quantum level. Concretely, we will compare the (Schrodinger-like) picture where the physical states evolve in time with the (Heisenberg-like) picture in which one defines parametrized observables (or evolving constants of the motion). We will show that in the particular situations considered in this paper (the parametrized relativistic particle and a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic spacetime coupled to a massless scalar field) both descriptions are equivalent. We will finally comment on possible issues and on the genericness of the equivalence between both pictures.
Use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to monitor tocilizumab effect on vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the time-dependent effects of tocilizumab on vascular inflammation as measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in GCA. METHODS Patients with GCA treated with tocilizumab were selected from a prospective, observational cohort. Patients underwent FDG-PET at the baseline visit prior to initiation of tocilizumab and at subsequent follow-up visits performed at 6-month intervals. All imaging findings were interpreted blinded to clinical data. The PET vascular activity score (PETVAS) was used to quantify arterial FDG uptake. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare change in PETVAS between visits. Linear regression was used to determine change in PETVAS over multiple timepoints. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with GCA were included. All patients had physician-determined active vasculitis at the baseline visit by clinical assessment and FDG-PET interpretation. PETVAS was significantly reduced in association with tocilizumab treatment from the baseline to the most recent follow-up visit [24.0 (IQR 22.3-27.0) vs 18.5 (IQR 15.3-23.8); P <0.01]. A significant reduction in PETVAS was observed over a two-year treatment period (P <0.01 for linear trend), with a similar degree of improvement in both the first and second years of treatment. Repeat FDG-PET scans after tocilizumab discontinuation showed worsening PET activity in five out of six patients, with two patients subsequently experiencing clinical relapse. CONCLUSION Treatment of patients with GCA with tocilizumab was associated with both clinical improvement and reduction of vascular inflammation as measured by serial FDG-PET. Future clinical trials in GCA should study direct treatment effect on vascular inflammation as an outcome measure.
A Humanist’s Response to Denis Noble’s “The Illusions of the Modern Synthesis”

Denis Noble suggests that biologists who created the Modern Synthesis were taken in by conceptual traps and illusions hidden in the language they used. Rather than blame language itself, my response counters that all writers are responsible for careful attention to the implications of the metaphors they use, and that Richard Dawkins deliberately chose “the selfish gene.” Noble’s concept of biological relativity restores Darwin’s fuller and more nuanced definition of natural selection and shows how it also accounts for Lamarck’s assertion that acquired characteristics can be inherited. Biological relativity is supported by Maurice Merleau- Ponty’s chiasmic ontology.
CoughNet: A Flexible Low Power CNN-LSTM Processor for Cough Sound Detection

The continuing effect of COVID-19 pulmonary infection has highlighted the importance of machine-aided diagnosis for its initial symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. This paper attempts to address the respiratory-related symptoms, using a low power scalable software and hardware framework. We propose CoughNet, a flexible low power CNN-LSTM processor that can take audio recordings as input to detect cough sounds in audio recordings. We analyze the three different publicly available datasets and use those as part of our evaluation to detect cough sound in audio recordings. We perform windowing and hyperparameter optimization on the software side with regard to fitting the network architecture to the hardware system. A scalable hardware prototype is designed to handle different numbers of processing engines and flexible bitwidth using Verilog HDL on Xilinx Kintex-7 160t FPGA. The proposed implementation of hardware has a low power consumption of o 290 mW and energy consumption of 2 mJ which is about $99 \times $ less compared to the state-of-the-art implementation.
Designing and Simulation a Reliable Standalone Solar/wind Hybrid System

The high cost of solar photovoltaic systems, as well as the noise pollution and unpredictability of the wind energy, make them less appealing in areas with power grid access. However, in areas without access to the power grid, there is a strong desire to use renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy systems. A photovoltaic (PV) system and a wind power system create DC and AC power, respectively. The primary issue with installing a PV system is that it cannot operate at night or on cloudy days when there is no sunshine to generate electricity. Furthermore, due of the wind's variability, the primary difficulty with wind energy is its lack of reliability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid solar/wind energy system that converts sunlight and wind energy into electrical energy. The output power of both energy sources is simulated using MATLAB Simulink.
Immersion anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Review of two hundred twenty treatments.

Abstract Two hundred twenty extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatments at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center between September, 1984, and April, 1985, were reviewed with respect to anesthetic management. One hundred seventy-four treatments (79%) were performed under a regional anesthetic technique (RA), either with an indwelling epidural catheter (155 treatments), or with a single spinal injection (19 treatments). Forty-six treatments (21 %) were performed under general anesthesia (GA). Ninety per cent of the patients were classified as ASA 1 or II. Hypotension during treatment, defined as blood pressure falls greater than 20 per cent of baseline mean arterial pressure, was recorded with 19.5 per cent of the regional anesthetic treatments (18. 7 % of the epidurals and 26.3 % of the spinals) and 13. 0 per cent of the general anesthetic treatments. Blood pressure falls were larger in the regional group than in the general group. The average recovery room stay was longer for the bupivacaine (0.25–0.5 %) epidurals and the tetracaine (0.4 %) spinals (252 min and 212.1 min, respectively) than for the lidocaine (1.5–2.0%) epidurals and the general anesthetics (101.7 min and 102.1 min, respectively). General anesthesia, with controlled ventilation, was advantageous in minimizing renal excursion and stone movement during treatment. Yet, in appropriately selected and sedated patients, regional anesthesia with continuous lidocaine epidural techniques was found to provide acceptable anesthesia for patients undergoing ESWL.
Utility of Pretreatment Bilirubin Level and UGT1A1 Polymorphisms in Multivariate Predictive Models of Neutropenia Associated with Irinotecan Treatment in Previously Untreated Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Purpose. Statistical models for predicting hematologic toxicity were evaluated based on UGT1A1 polymorphisms and baseline serum bilirubin. Methods. Blood DNA samples were collected from 113 patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer receiving irinotecan (FOLFIRI, n = 36; mIFL, n = 41; CapeIRI, n = 36). The primary endpoint was absolute neutrophil count nadir during first treatment cycle. Linear regression models, with increased R2 implying important additional predictive power, sequentially added age, sex, baseline bilirubin level, and UGT1A1 genotype. Results. All models demonstrated low R2, suggesting unaccounted variables. UGT1A1 genotype added ∼8–9% during cycle 1 and from ∼7% [mIFL regimen] to 26% [CapeIRI regimen] after cycle 1. Correlation between genotype and overall ANC nadir without regard to treatment was low (R = −0.201, P = 0.035). Patients with genotype 7/7 may have increased risk for severe neutropenia, but data are insufficient to characterize this. Contribution of baseline bilirubin level was negligible. Conclusions. Ability of UGT1A1 or baseline bilirubin to predict neutropenia is low and depends on regimen.
Production of class switched antibody secreting cells and antibody is inversely correlated with expression of the adaptor protein HSH2 (IRM8P.712)

Control and HSH2 transgenic (HSH2-Tg) mice were compared to mice that express approximately 1/6th the normal level of HSH2 (HSH2-Lo) to determine if there is an inverse relationship between HSH2 expression and class switched antibody (Ab) production. In contrast to HSH2-Tg mice, HSH2-Lo mice have normal serum Ig titers for IgG1 and IgG2b and elevated titers of IgG3. HSH2-Lo mice also exhibit enhanced production of IgG1, and IgG2b, or IgG3 in response to challenge with either TD or TI Ag, respectively. Stimulation of B cells isolated from HSH2-Lo mice with anti-CD40 and IL-4 results in the production of significantly more antibody secreting cells (ASC) that produce IgG1 and IgE versus control B cells, whereas HSH2-Tg B cells produce significantly fewer class switched ASCs. Although HSH2 expression is associated with a modest effect on class switch recombination, changes in class switched ASC production are most closely linked to alterations in terminal differentiation of GC B cells into plasma cells. Terminal differentiation of class switched B cells from HSH2-Lo mice is significantly increased following in vitro stimulation, resulting in enhanced production of class switched ASCs compared to control B cells. Conversely, class switched B cells generated from HSH2-Tg mice exhibit a significant decrease in differentiation into ASCs in vitro. Thus, differential expression of HSH2 in the B lineage regulates multiple steps associated with the generation of class switched ASCs.
Critical Illness Stress-induced Immune Suppression

Despite the use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended practices to minimize infection risk, nosocomial sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. It is well documented that the use of immunosuppressant therapies dramatically increases this risk in patients with cancer, transplantation, and immunologic disease. Although immune monitoring has yet to be universally embraced, withdrawal of immunosuppressant therapies and use of immune restoration therapies is the standard of care when these patients develop sepsis. Critical illness stress can also induce a level of immunosuppression which is as life-threatening as is seen in the purposefully immunosuppressed patient. This chapter reviews the role of critical illness stress-induced immunosuppression in the development of nosocomial sepsis and MOF, and outlines clinical strategies which can be employed to maintain and restore immune function, and reduce morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
MOVE: An End-to-End Solution To Network Denial of Service

We present a solution to the denial of service (DoS) problem that does not rely on network infrastructure support, conforming to the end-to-end (e2e) design principle. Our approach is to combine an overlay network, which allows us to treat authorized traffic preferentially, with a lightweight process-migration environment that allows us to move services easily between different parts of a distributed system. Functionality residing on a part of the system that is subjected to a DoS attack migrates to an unaffected location. The overlay network ensures that traffic from legitimate users, who are authenticated before they are allowed to access the service, is routed to the new location. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach by measuring the performance of an experimental prototype against a series of attacks using PlanetLab, a distributed experimental testbed. Our preliminary results show that the end-toend latency remains at acceptable levels during regular operation, increasing only by a factor of 2 to 3, even for large overlays. When a process migrates due to a DoS attack, the disruption of service for the end user is in the order of a few seconds, depending on the network proximity of the servers involved in the migration.
Model predicts rain attenuation in satellite links

A model is developed which is capable of predicting the performance of satellite communication systems without complicated mathematics and case-specific physical assumptions while still embodying a general understanding of the structure and properties of rain. The Simple Attenuation Model (SAM) allows the prediction of earth-space rain attenuation at any location in the world for any elevation angle above a few degrees from 10 to 35 GHz. Comparisons of SAM predictions and measured data are presented for selected sites.
Advances in the Mode of Action of Pyrethroids

The ability to clone, express, and electrophysiologically measure currents carried by voltage-gated ion channels has allowed a detailed assessment of the action of pyrethroids on various target proteins.Recently, the heterologous expression of various rat brain voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms in Xenopus laevis oocytes has determined a wide range of sensitivities to the pyrethroids, with some channels virtually insensitive and others highly sensitive. Furthermore, some isoforms show selective sensitivity to certain pyrethroids and this selectivity can be altered in a state-dependent manner. Additionally, some rat brain isoforms are apparently more sensitive to pyrethroids than the corresponding human isoform. These finding may have significant relevance in judging the merit and value of assessing the risk of pyrethroid exposures to humans using toxicological studies done in rat.Other target sites for certain pyrethroids include the voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Of particular interest is the increased effect of Type II pyrethroids on certain phosphoforms of the N-type Ca(v)2.2 calcium channel following post-translational modification and its relationship to enhanced neurotransmitter release seen in vivo.Lastly, parallel neurobehavioral and mechanistic studies on three target sites suggest that a fundamental difference exists between the action of Types I and II pyrethroids, both on a functional and molecular level. These differences should be considered in any future risk evaluation of the pyrethroids.
Interaction of L Cells and Chlamydia psittaci: Entry of the Parasite and Host Responses to Its Development

The entry and development of Chlamydia psittaci in the L cell was studied by using purified, infectious parasites at high multiplicity. Entry of the parasite was accomplished by an act of phagocytosis by the host which was independent of an adsorption stage but was temperature-dependent. Kinetic studies of phagocytosis performed with (14)C-amino acid-labeled, purified parasites indicated that the rate of phagocytosis was directly proportional to the multiplicity of inoculation. Electron microscopy of cells infected at high multiplicity with purified infectious C. psittaci showed that phagocytosed chlamydiae were segregated in a host phagocytic vacuole throughout their developmental cycle which consisted of the transition of infecting elementary bodies to reticulate bodies dividing by binary fission, followed by the reemergence of a population of elementary bodies. The process of the transition was examined and a proposed sequence of intermediate bodies is presented. In isopycnic gradients of fractionated, infected L cells, chlamydial phagocytic vacuoles were apparent as a dense band distinct from lysosome and mitochondrion peaks, as indicated by acid phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase activities. Chlamydiae inactivated by heat or neutralized by antiserum were phagocytosed and appeared in lysosomes within 12 hr after infection according to electron microscopy; however, chlamydiae which were continuously inhibited in their development by chloramphenicol were retained intact in the cell for 24 hr without lysosomal response. The possibility of a lysosomal inhibitor on the native parasite is discussed.
Confidence intervals for the difference between two means

This paper compares three confidence intervals for the difference between two means when the distributions are non-normal and their variances are unknown. The confidence intervals considered are Welch-Satterthwaite confidence interval, the adaptive interval that incorporates a preliminary test (pre-test) of symmetry for the underlying distributions, and the adaptive interval that incorporates the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality as a pre-test. The adaptive confidence intervals use the Welch-Satterthwaite interval if the pre-test fails to reject symmetry (or normality) for both distributions; otherwise, apply the Welch-Satterthwaite confidence interval to the log-transformed data, then transform the interval back. Our study shows that the adaptive interval with pre-test of symmetry has best coverage among the three intervals considered. Simulation studies show that the adaptive interval with pre-test of symmetry performs as well as the Welch-Satterthwaite interval for symmetric distributions. However, for skewed distributions, the adaptive interval with pre-test of symmetry performs better than the Welch-Satterthwaite interval.
Identity and Economic Performance

Reductions in the employment of less-skilled Americans during recent decades are often attributed to a deterioration in work values. That view is challenged. The key determinants have been deteriorating earnings opportunities and the poor's assimilation of mainstream values. Urbanization facilitates less-skilled workers' assimilation of preferences for high standards of living and egalitarian interpersonal relations found in advanced economic democracies. The rewards received in the competition for jobs become major affirmations or denials of the validity of self-perceptions. Demand for public respect induces people to avoid jobs perceived to be demeaning even as the proportion of such jobs increases. Traditional scientific data are combined with personal documents (autobiography and rap music) to construct subject-centered analyses of behavior. The data enrich the contextual basis for explaining behaviors of low-status men labeled the "malcontented."