cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing Research on Auxiliary Circuit Oscillation Characteristic Parameters for High Voltage DC Transfer Switch

In order to achieve the safety and reliability running of high voltage DC transfer switch, the field testing system of auxiliary circuit oscillation characteristics are researched in this paper. The type, structure principle and transfer mathematics model of high voltage DC transfer switch are analyzed, proposed the testing principle and method, completed the capacitor and current attenuation characteristics testing for four type DC switch, calculated the characteristic parameters of auxiliary circuit (such as the attenuation period, oscillation frequency, loop inductance, damping resistance, etc.), which based on the characteristic requirement of DC switch in a $\pm 800\mathrm{kV}$ converter station. The test results show that the oscillation characteristic parameters of four type DC switch auxiliary circuits can meet the requirements of HVDC transmission system, and also proved the validity and correctness of the testing method and system. It can provides the basis for the field testing application in the UHV converter station.
Writing, Race, and Creative Democracy

My chapter traces how my critical teaching and scholarship has sought to contribute to what John Dewey called creative democracy—first, in my explorations of how the teaching of writing might serve radical democratic ends and, second, in my examination of the complexities and conflicts of Whiteness and White racial identities. Along with sustained intellectual engagements with the writings of Mikhail Bakhtin and W.E.B. Du Bois (among many others), my hatred of school and my love of basketball are noted as significant influences on my living and learning.
Parents With Disabilities: A Case Study Exploration of Support Needs and the Potential of a Supportive Intervention:

Due to growing awareness of increased child welfare involvement for parents who have disabilities and a dearth of current services, the National Council on Disability has called for an increase in ...
Impedance-Based Prediction of SSR-Generated Harmonics in Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are prone to subsynchronous resonance (SSR) with series-compensated transmission lines and experiencing SSR-generated harmonics of wide-ranging magnitudes. This paper presents a large-signal impedance-based approach for the prediction of the magnitude of SSR-generated harmonics in DFIGs. Note that the large-signal impedance of a network shows variation in its impedance response with the magnitude of perturbation at its terminals. It is discovered in this paper that the impedance of a series-compen- sated transmission line starts changing with the magnitude of SSR because of the metal-oxide varistor-based protection of series capacitors in the line. The changing line impedance halts the growth of the SSR beyond a certain point, where the DFIG forms a limit-cycle mode and emits harmonics at the SSR frequency. The discovered role of the protection of series capacitors in SSR not only enables the prediction of SSR-generated harmonics but also can be used for the timely detection of an SSR event to avoid system disruption and sudden loss of bulk generation. The large- signal impedance-based prediction of SSR-generated harmonics in DFIG-based wind and hydro generators is demonstrated using numerical simulations of a 2.5-MVA, 690-V DFIG supplying to a series-compensated transmission line.
First‐line treatment in older patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare population‐based study

While Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable in younger patients, older patients have higher relapse and death rates, which may reflect age-related factors, distinct disease biology and/or treatment decisions. We described the association between patient, disease and geographic factors and first-line treatment in older patients (≥65 years) with incident HL using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data from 1999 to 2014 (n = 2825). First-line treatment initiated at ≤4 months after diagnosis was categorised as: full chemotherapy regimen (n = 699, 24·7%); partial chemotherapy regimen (n = 1016, 36·0%); single chemotherapy agent or radiotherapy (n = 382, 13·5%); and no treatment (n = 728, 25·8%). Among the fully treated, ABVD [doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine]/AVD was most common (n = 635, 90·8%). Adjusted multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with treatment. Older age, Medicaid dual eligibility, not married, frailty, cardiac comorbidity, prior cancer, earlier diagnosis date, histology, advanced disease Stage, B symptoms and South region were independently associated with increased odds of not receiving full chemotherapy regimens. In conclusion, we found variability in first-line HL treatment for older patients. Treatment differences by Medicaid and region may indicate disparities. Even after adjusting for frailty and cardiac comorbidity, age was associated with treatment, suggesting factors such as end-of-life care or shared decision-making may influence treatment in older patients.
Epidemiological analysis of measles in Jinshui District of Zhengzhou City from 2009 to 2010

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinshui District,Zhengzhou City,Henan Province from 2009 to 2010 and provide evidence for strategies of measles elimination.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles in Jinshui District during 2009-2010.Results A total of 193 cases were reported.The average annual incidence was 7.65/100 000 population.Measles cases were mainly seen in groups under 15 years old (63.21％) and 52.33％ of the cases occurred in scattered children.There were 8.29％,3.63％ and 88.08％ of the cases with 1-dose,≥ 2-dose,and unknown and without vaccinations,respectively.The peak incidence appeared from March to May (65.80％).The ratio of male to female cases was 1.35∶ 1.Measles cases were reported all over the district and 27.98％ of them occurred in Miaoli and Liulin Towns.One outbreak accounted for 8 (4.15％) cases.Conclusions Measles cases tend to occur in groups of low-age children and adult.The vaccination coverage rate is low in migrant children.Therefore,2-dose and timely first dose vaccination rates should be improved.Immunization technology training and cold chain management should be strengthened to ensure immunization effect. Key words: Measles; Epidemiology; Vaccination
Ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block via the pterygopalatine fossa: maxillary artery is the key

To the Editor We thank Drs Qin and Xie for their interest in our paper, and we agree with their comments that the maxillary artery is an important landmark when performing the ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block.[1–3][1] However, a high-frequency, small fingerprint ultrasound probe offers
Lung Involvement by Other Systemic Diseases

Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease and lung manifestations of inflammatory bowel disorder are discussed in this chapter.
Living on the Edge: Data Transmission, Storage, and Analytics in Continuous Sensing Environments

Voluminous time-series data streams produced in continuous sensing environments impose challenges pertaining to ingestion, storage, and analytics. In this study, we present a holistic approach based on data sketching to address these issues. We propose a hyper-sketching algorithm that combines discretization and frequency-based sketching to produce compact representations of the multi-feature, time-series data streams. We generate an ensemble of data sketches to make effective use of capabilities at the resource-constrained edge devices, the links over which data are transmitted, and the server pool where this data must be stored. The data sketches can be queried to construct datasets that are amenable to processing using popular analytical engines. We include several performance benchmarks using real-world data from different domains to profile the suitability of our design decisions. The proposed methodology can achieve up to ∼ 13 × and ∼ 2, 207 × reduction in data transfer and energy consumption at edge devices. We observe up to a ∼ 50% improvement in analytical job completion times in addition to the significant improvements in disk and network I/O.
Comment on "Identification of a superoxide in superconducting La2CuO4+ delta by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"

"Tetragonal," superconductive ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ has been synthesized at 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 23 kbar under a high oxygen pressure. A first-order phase change to the orthorhombic, antiferromagnetic state occurs with the loss of bulk oxygen; a continuous loss of superficial oxygen occurs through the transition. These data make it unnecessary to postulate the presence of interstitial bulk superoxide and indicate that any superoxide identified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is probably associated with superficial oxygen, not the bulk oxygen responsible for superconductivity.
Long-Term Comparison of Alprazolam, Lorazepam and Placebo in Patients with an Anxiety Disorder

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 200 patients with moderate to moderately severe anxiety we compared the anxiolytic efficacy and safety of alprazolam and lorazepam. Dosing was flexible and ranged from 1 to 4.5 mg/day of alprazolam and from 2 to 9 mg/day of lorazepam. The mean daily dose at the end of the 16 week study was alprazolam 3.3 mg and lorazepam 5.1 mg. Both active drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in relieving the symptoms of anxiety on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, with a trend toward more improvement in the alprazolam group in the later weeks of the study. Target Symptoms, Physician's and Patient's Global Impressions and the Self Rating Symptom Scale indicate that alprazolam and lorazepam were superior to placebo. The major side effects were sedation and drowsiness; the frequency was similar for alprazolam and lorazepam and twice as high for active drug as placebo. An overall rating of side effect severity was not significantly different among the three groups.
Team Oriented Multicast: A Scalable Routing Protocol for Large Mobile Networks

This paper proposes a multicast protocol, called Team Oriented Multicast (TOM). TOM builds up a “motion aware” hierarchy to support efficient, scalable team multicast protocol. TOM identifies clusters of nodes with same affinity as teams and manages the multicast membership information using the unit of team rather than dealing with individual node members. TOM uses a two-tier data dissemination approach where the source propagates a data packet to each subscribed team’s leader and each leader forwards the data to the entire team. TOM constructs a multicast mesh structure among leaders of subscribed teams, where each leader is connected to m other parent leaders, receiving duplicate packet streams from each parent. Each team leader proactively maintains the list of nodes in the same multicast mesh.
Distributed uplink scheduling in CDMA networks

Ever more powerful mobile devices are handling a broader range of applications, so that giving them greater control in scheduling transmissions as a function of application needs is becoming increasingly desirable. Several standards have, therefore, proposed mechanisms aimed at giving devices more autonomy in making transmission decisions on the wireless uplink. This paper explores the impact this can have on total throughput in CDMA systems, where this control has traditionally been centralized. The investigation relies on a simple distributed policy that helps provide insight into the impact of distributed decisions on overall system efficiency, and identify guidelines on how to best mitigate it.
Damping in Coupled Bending and Torsion - An Experiment

Traditional experimental modal testing methods are used to determine the damping properties of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with offset inertial tip mass. Both viscous and strain rate damping models are considered in bending and in torsion. A partial differential equation model of the coupled system is used. Eigenfunctions are derived for the coupled system by using a Green's function approach to derive the approximate uncoupled eigenfunctions. These eigenfunctions are used in a decoupled fashion with experimental modal data to estimate the damping parameters of the coupled system. The experimental modal data was obtained from both free and impulse responses using a combined translational and rotational accelerometer.
Pavlovian conditioning and extinction of context cues and punctate CSs in rats with ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus

The degree to which conditioned stimuli (CSs) control responding is often influenced when contextual cues are also associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US). In Experiment 1, selective ibotenate (IBO) lesions of the hippocampus impaired the ability of rats to inhibit responding to contextual cues made excitatory by presentation of unsignaled USs during simple Pavlovian CS—US training. Hippocampal damage had little effect on responding if few or no unsignaled USs had been delivered in the context. In Experiment 2, there was no evidence of increased responding to contextual cues when IBO lesions were given after excitatory training. However, lesioned rats showed greater resistance to CS extinction than did controls. An interpretation that encompasses these and other findings is that selective lesions of the hippocampus impair the formation of at least some types of inhibitory associations.
An Investigation of Attitude Change in Inclusive College Classes Including Young Adults With an Intellectual Disability

Postsecondary education programs for students with an intellectual disability are expanding, and an emerging question concerns the impact of these programs on campus communities. The author examined changes in attitudes toward diversity among peers without disabilities who participated in an inclusive college course that had students with an intellectual disability. The Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale (M-GUDS) was administered to college students enrolled in either inclusive or nonin- clusive college classes. M-GUDS scores did not differ between groups at the start of the semester, but students enrolled in inclusive courses showed significantly greater openness to diversity at the end of the semester. Findings suggest that inclusive college pro- grams that enroll both students with and without an intellectual disability in regular college courses may foster positive attitudes about acceptance and diversity among students without such a disability.
El uso del perfecto en secuencias narrativas en el español peruano amazónico: el caso de Jeberos

Resumen Este articulo se centra en los usos del preterito perfecto compuesto (PP) en el espanol peruano amazonico. Con este proposito, se analizan los valores semanticos del PP en narrativas de experiencias personales por hablantes de espanol del pueblo de Jeberos (region Loreto). Este estudio ofrece evidencia del proceso de incursion del PP en contextos del preterito perfecto simple en narraciones orales. Dentro de este marco, discute la relacion del PP con adverbios temporales y con otros tiempos verbales. Asimismo,sugiere que los usos descritos se relacionan con el intenso contacto linguistico de esta variedad de espanol, asi como con el sexo, el nivel de escolaridad y el grado de exposicion a variedades urbanas de los participantes. Abstract The present article focuses on the uses of the present perfect (PP) in Amazonian Peruvian Spanish, by analyzing the semantic values of the PP in personal narratives by Spanish speakers from the town of Jeberos (Loreto region). The study provides evidence of the process of incursion of the PP incontexts of the preterit in oral narratives. In addition to this, the relationship of the PP with temporal adverbs and other verbal tenses is discussed. It is suggested that the uses of the PP described here might be related to the situation of intense linguistic contact in the region, as well as the participants’ sex, level of schooling, and degree of exposure to urban varieties of Spanish. Keywords: present perfect – grammaticalization – Amazonian Spanish –language contact
Project-Based Learning: a critical pedagogy for the twenty-first century

John Dewey's notion of the school as a ‘social laboratory’ influenced educational policy a century ago when the United States underwent a ‘great transformation’ in its educational history toward ma...
Thermoelectric power of isolated narrow bands in the presence of correlation effects

The results of the one-dimensional thermoelectric power calculations of Bari and Beni in the regime where the correlation energy is much greater than $\mathrm{kT}$ are rederived using simpler arguments which are applicable to three-dimensional systems. The qualitative behavior of the thermopower at the lowest temperatures ($\mathrm{kT}$ much smaller than the bandwidth) is discussed.
Regulation of mTOR activity in Snell dwarf and GH receptor gene-disrupted mice.

The involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in lifespan control in invertebrates, calorie-restricted rodents, and extension of mouse lifespan by rapamycin have prompted speculation that diminished mTOR function may contribute to mammalian longevity in several settings. We show here that mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) activity is indeed lower in liver, muscle, heart, and kidney tissue of Snell dwarf and global GH receptor (GHR) gene-disrupted mice (GHR−/−), consistent with previous studies. Surprisingly, activity of mTORC2 is higher in fasted Snell and GHR−/− than in littermate controls in all 4 tissues tested. Resupply of food enhanced mTORC1 activity in both controls and long-lived mutant mice but diminished mTORC2 activity only in the long-lived mice. Mice in which GHR has been disrupted only in the liver do not show extended lifespan and also fail to show the decline in mTORC1 and increase in mTORC2 seen in mice with global loss of GHR. The data suggest that the antiaging effects in the Snell dwarf and GHR−/− mice are accompanied by both a decline in mTORC1 in multiple organs and an increase in fasting levels of mTORC2. Neither the lifespan nor mTOR effects appear to be mediated by direct GH effects on liver or by the decline in plasma IGF-I, a shared trait in both global and liver-specific GHR−/− mice. Our data suggest that a more complex pattern of hormonal effects and intertissue interactions may be responsible for regulating both lifespan and mTORC2 function in these mouse models of delayed aging.
Factors That Account for the Large Variations in U.S. Export Prices

Using product level U.S. export data from 1989 to 2001, there is evidence that U.S. exporters price discriminate across markets. Variation in the quality of the products is one reason for the observed price differentiation. U.S. exporters also price discriminate based on transaction costs. Finally, U.S. exporters practice pricing-to-market and this pricing strategy is another source of the variations in U.S. export prices. Some of these conclusions though are weakened when export prices toward the center of the price distribution are considered.
Radiometer to Monitor Low Levels of Ultraviolet Irradiance

A scanning radiometer, using eight interference filters, has been developed at the Smithsonian Radiation Biology Laboratory for monitoring the spectral distribution of daylight. The unit has been designed to perform in the natural environment with a minimum of maintenance. The range of intensities it can cover is three to four decades, depending on the filtering and detectors.
Individual and Contextual Bases of Thriving in Adolescence: A View of the Issues.

We introduce this special issue on the individual and contextual bases of adolescent thriving by describing the relational developmental systems theory-based, positive youth development (PYD) perspective that frames much of contemporary research about health and positive development across the adolescent period and that, more specifically, frames the 4-H Study of PYD, the data set from which the empirical work in this special issue is drawn. All articles point to the combined role of characteristics of the person and ecological assets in the family, school, or community settings of youth to promote the development of PYD. We discuss how these articles provide evidence about the empirical usefulness of the PYD perspective and discuss how research testing the PYD model has new and important implications for both adolescent development research and for the application of developmental science.
Treatment options for depression and anger

This paper completes the case conference by commenting on similarities and differences among the four experts' suggestions and by reviewing what happened in the case after the sessions described in the initial case presentation. The response papers were in agreement on the need for palliative methods of anger management, functional analysis of anger attacks, and cognitive and behavioral techniques for reducing depression. They varied in the relative emphasis on depression versus anger as the primary treatment target, the conceptualization of anger, and the degree of emphasis on religion, SES, and race in relation to therapy process. Treatment outcome was mixed, and termination was in some ways premature, resulting at least in part from practical barriers to session attendance.
Colonic manometry catheter placement with primary fluoroscopic guidance.

The purpose of this paper is to describe our experience with a new technique of colonic manometry catheter placement using fluoroscopic guidance. Between 2000 and 2004, 44 colonic manometry catheters were placed with primary fluoroscopic guidance in 38 patients (25 males; median age, 7 years; range, 0.4–31 years) with severe defecation disorders. Fourteen colonoscopic placements were reviewed to compare the different procedures. Manometry catheters were inserted through the rectum (16 patients), cecostomy (9), ileostomy (2), and colostomy (17). Placements through diverted colons were successful in 24 of 28 (86%). Insertion through the rectum was successful in 10 of 16 (63%) fluoroscopic-guided placements vs. 12 of 14 (86%) colonoscopic placements (P=0.23). Significantly longer fluoroscopic exposure was required for fluoroscopic compared to colonoscopic placement (P=0.004). In conclusion, placement of colonic manometry catheters with primary fluoroscopic guidance is feasible in children. An important disadvantage of the fluoroscopic methodology is the prolonged fluoroscopic exposure time.
Advanced technology in the management of hemorrhoids: stapling, laser, harmonic scalpel, and ligasure.

The use of laser technology for the treatment of hemorrhoids continues to be controversial. The theoretical advantages of lasers have included reduced pain and improved healing. The use of laser for the treatment of hemorrhoids has been the impetus for the development of specialty clinics and has served as an excellent marketing tool for those surgeons focusing primarily on treating hemorrhoids. The evidence for this modality as the preferred energy source is scarce. A randomized controlled trial comparing closed Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy with scissors or laser was reported by Wang et al. 1 in 1991. A poorly matched group of 88 patients was treated with excisional hemorrhoidectomy using scissors or laser to perform the excision. The wounds were closed with running absorbable sutures. The laser-treated group was reported to experience less pain and a shorter length of hospital stay. However, healing time was approximately 2 weeks longer for the laser-treated group. Senagore et al., 2 in 1993, reported the results of a randomized controlled trial comparing Nd:YAG laser and cold scalpel to perform closed Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy. The patients were matched to have grade 3 internal mixed hemorrhoids. The 81 patients were found to have no difference in pain based on a visual analogue pain scale. The cost of laser hemorrhoidectomy was, on average, $480 more per case. There was also an increase in wound dehiscence in the laser-treated group. Patients were treated as outpatients so the advantage of no hospital stay was noted. Even though randomized controlled data suggest no advantage for laser in hemorrhoidectomy, reports continue to appear in the literature. Zahir et al. 3 recently reported on a retrospective review of a group of 50 patients divided between laser and standard hemorrhoidectomy. The laser-treated group reported pain to be 65% less than that in the group treated with standard hemorrhoidectomy at 1 week; the lasertreated group also had painless defecation by 5 days, less drainage, and returned to work twice as quickly as patients undergoing standard hemorrhoidectomy. Hospital and surgical costs were also lower for the laser-treated group. These findings will need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial.
A characterization of Shannon entropy through lattice questionnaires

A reasonable charge structure for sequential questioning schemes which do not partition conditional state spaces, i.e., a charge structure for a lattice questionnaire , is proposed. The minimum average charge then is shown to characterize the finite state Shannon entropy.
Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations

New numerical algorithms are devised (PSC algorithms) for following fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed. The speed may be an arbitrary function of curvature, and the front can also be passively advected by an underlying flow. These algorithms approximate the equations of motion, which resemble Hamilton-Jacobi equations with parabolic right-hand-sides, by using techniques from the hyperbolic conservation laws. Non-oscillatory schemes of various orders of accuracy are used to solve the equations, providing methods that accurately capture the formation of sharp gradients and cusps in the moving fronts. The algorithms handle topological merging and breaking naturally, work in any number of space dimensions, and do not require that the moving surface be written as a function. The methods can be used also for more general Hamilton-Jacobi-type problems. The algorithms are demonstrated by computing the solution to a variety of surface motion problems.
A chemical-detecting system based on a cross-reactive optical sensor array

The vertebrate olfactory system has long been recognized for its extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity for odours. Chemical sensors have been developed recently that are based on analogous distributed sensing properties, but although an association between artificial devices and the olfactory system has been made explicit in some previous studies, none has incorporated comparable mechanisms into the mode of detection. Here we describe a multi-analyte fibre-optic sensor modelled directly on the olfactory system, in the sense that complex, time-dependent signals from an array of sensors provide a 'signature' of each analyte. In our system, polymer-immobilized dye molecules on the fibre tips give different fluorescent response patterns (including spectral shifts, intensity changes, spectral shape variations and temporal responses) on exposure to organic vapours, depending on the physical and chemical nature (for example, polarity, shape and size) of both the vapour and the polymer. We use video images of temporal responses of the multi-fibre tip as the input signals to train a neural network for vapour recognition. The system is able to identify individual vapours at different concentrations with great accuracy. 'Artificial noses' such as this should have wide potential application, most notably in environmental and medical monitoring.
Progressive Langerhans' cell histiocytosis presenting as a primary penile lesion.

A 3-year-old white male was referred with a 6-month history of a solitary penile lesion unresponsive to topical and oral antibiotics. Physical examination revealed a solitary 1 1 cm. shallow, nontender ulcer on the dorsal prepuce. A circumcision with excision of the lesion was performed without complication. On routine followup the incision was healed and no new lesions were noted. Histopathological studies showed an atypical inflammatory type of infiltrate composed of histiocytes with characteristic convoluted, cerebriform nuclei demonstrating strong S-100 immunohistochemical positivity consistent with Langherhans’ cell histiocytosis. Elec-
Family matters: sibling rivalry and bonding between p53 and p63 in cancer.

The p53 family (p53, p63 and p73) is intimately linked with an overwhelming number of cellular processes during normal physiological as well as pathological conditions including cancer. The fact that these proteins are expressed in myriad isoforms, each with unique biochemical properties and distinct effects on tumorigenesis, complicates their study. A case in point is Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) where p53 is often mutated and the ΔNp63 isoform is overexpressed. Given that p53 and p63 can hetero-dimerize, bind to quite similar DNA elements and share common co-factors, any alterations in their individual expression levels, activity and/or mutation can severely disrupt the family equilibrium. The burgeoning genomics data sets and new additions to the experimental toolbox are offering crucial insights into the complex role of the p53 family in SCC, but more mechanistic studies are needed.
ORGANIZATION OF THE ANTENNAL MOTOR SYSTEM IN THE SPHINX MOTH MANDUCA SEXTA

The antennae of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta are multimodal sense organs, each comprising three segments: scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Each antenna is moved by two systems of muscles, one controlling the movement of the scape and consisting of five muscles situated in the head capsule (extrinsic muscles), and the other system located within the scape (intrinsic muscles) and consisting of four muscles that move the pedicel. At least seven motoneurons innervate the extrinsic muscles, and at least five motoneurons innervate the intrinsic muscles. The dendritic fields of the antennal motoneurons overlap one another extensively and are located in the neuropil of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. The density of motoneuronal arborizations is greatest in the lateral part of this neuropil region and decreases more medially. None of the motoneurons exhibits a contralateral projection. The cell bodies of motoneurons innervating the extrinsic muscles are distributed throughout an arching band of neuronal somata dorsal and dorsolateral to the neuropil of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center, whereas the cell bodies of motoneurons innervating the intrinsic muscles reside mainly among the neuronal somata situated dorsolateral to that neuropil.
Direct Imaging of RAB27B-Enriched Secretory Vesicle Biogenesis in Lacrimal Acinar Cells Reveals Origins on a Nascent Vesicle Budding Site

This study uses YFP-tagged Rab27b expression in rabbit lacrimal gland acinar cells, which are polarized secretory epithelial cells, to characterize early stages of secretory vesicle trafficking. Here we demonstrate the utility of YFP-Rab27b to delineate new perspectives on the mechanisms of early vesicle biogenesis in lacrimal gland acinar cells, where information is significantly limited. Protocols were developed to deplete the mature YFP-Rab27b-enriched secretory vesicle pool in the subapical region of the cell, and confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to track vesicle replenishment. This analysis revealed a basally-localized organelle, which we termed the "nascent vesicle site," from which nascent vesicles appeared to emerge. Subapical vesicular YFP-Rab27b was co-localized with p150(Glued), a component of the dynactin cofactor of cytoplasmic dynein. Treatment with the microtubule-targeted agent, nocodazole, did not affect release of mature secretory vesicles, although during vesicle repletion it significantly altered nascent YFP-Rab27b-enriched secretory vesicle localization. Instead of moving to the subapical region, these vesicles were trapped at the nascent vesicle site which was adjacent to, if not a sub-compartment of, the trans-Golgi network. Finally, YFP-Rab27b-enriched secretory vesicles which reached the subapical cytoplasm appeared to acquire the actin-based motor protein, Myosin 5C. Our findings show that Rab27b enrichment occurs early in secretory vesicle formation, that secretory vesicles bud from a visually discernable nascent vesicle site, and that transport from the nascent vesicle site to the subapical region requires intact microtubules.
Radiotherapy for carcinoma in situ of the true vocal cords.

Purpose To report long-term rates of tumor control after radiotherapy (RT) for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the true vocal cords (TVC). A comprehensive literature review was performed, and outcomes with other modalities of treatment for CIS of the TVC were compared. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with CIS of the TVC were treated between July 1967 and May 1998 with curative intent using megavoltage RT. Most patients (28 of 30) were treated with cobalt-60 through small (usually 5 × 5 cm) fields. Median RT dose was 56.25 Gy (range, 56.25–75 Gy; mean dose, 59.15 Gy) at 2.25 Gy per fraction. One patient was treated for a synchronous head and neck primary malignancy with large fields to a total dose of 75 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction. Approximately two thirds of the patients (19 of 30) were referred for RT because of recurrence after at least one stripping procedure. Results With a mean follow-up of 7.1 years (range, 2–17 years), the 5-year rates of local control, local control with larynx preservation, and ultimate local control (including salvage surgery) were the following: 88%, 88%, and 100%, respectively. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed in three (10%) of the patients. Time to failure was 14 months, 34 months, and 48 months, respectively. All three patients were surgically salvaged with a total laryngectomy. Cause-specific survival at 5 years was 100%. There were no late complications. Conclusions RT to approximately 60 Gy at 2.25 Gy per fraction using small (5 × 5 cm) fields produces excellent results with CIS of the TVC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 390–394, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10071
Detailed Surface Photometry of Dwarf Elliptical and Dwarf S0 Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster

We analyze new V-band images of 14 dwarf S0 galaxies and 10 dwarf elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, in combination with R-band images of 70 dwarf elliptical galaxies from an earlier paper. We compute the intensity-weighted mean ellipticity, the mean deviations from elliptical isophotes, and a newly defined parameter to measure isophotal twists. We also fit each major-axis profile to a power law Σ(a)∝exp[-(a/as)n], where n is allowed to vary. Consistent with other studies of the Virgo dwarf ellipticals, we find that the profile shapes for the entire sample is strongly peaked near n=1 (exponential profiles) and that no galaxies have n=1/4 (de Vaucouleurs profile). The faintest galaxies all have nearly exponential profiles, while the brighter ones on average have n<1. The correlation between ellipticity and the boxy/disky parameter is similar to that of large elliptical galaxies, suggesting that dwarfs may also be divided into two groups with differing internal dynamics. The Virgo dEs also show a greater degree of isophotal twisting than more luminous elliptical galaxies. There does not seem to be any combination of parameters from the surface photometry that statistically correlates with the dE/dS0 designation: in particular, the dS0 galaxies do not, on average, have more pointed (disky) isophotes than the dEs.
Sample converses in source coding theory

The rate and distortion performance of a sequence of codes along a sample sequence of symbols generated by a stationary ergodic information source are studied. Two results are obtained: (1) the source sample sequence is encoded by an arbitrary sequence of block codes which operate at a fixed rate level R, and a sample converse is obtained which states that, with probability one, the lower limit of the code sample distortions is lower bounded by D(R), the value of the distortion rate function at R; (2) the source sample sequence is encoded by an arbitrary sequence of variable-rate codes which operate at a fixed distortion level D, and a sample converse is obtained which states that, with probability one, the lower limit of the code sample rates is lower bounded by R(D), the value of the rate distortion function at D. A novel ergodic theorem is used to obtain both sample converses. >
A new \(\gamma^{*} p/\bar pp\) factorization test in diffraction, valid below \(Q^2 \sim 6\) GeV2

One of the key experimental issues in high energy hadron physics is the extent to which data from the diffractive interaction mechanism may be described by a factorized formula which is the product of a universal term describing the probability of finding a ${\cal P}$ omeron in a proton (loosely referred to as the “ ${\cal P}$ omeron flux-factor”) and a term describing the ${\cal P}$ omeron’s interaction with the other incident proton. In the present paper, after demonstrating that existing data on diffractive $\gamma^* p$ and $\bar pp$ interactions show that the ${\cal P}$ omeron flux-factor is not universal, we present the results of a new test of factorization in these interactions which does not rely on universality of the flux-factor. The test is satisfied to within $\sim 20\%$ for 1 < Q 2 < 6 GeV2 and $\beta \leq 0.2$ in the $\gamma^* p$ interactions, suggesting that the reasons for non-universality of the flux-factor have a limited effect on the factorization itself. However, a clear breakdown of this test is observed at larger Q 2 . Kharzeev and Levin suggest that this can be attributed to the onset of QCD evolution effects in the ${\cal P}$ omeron’s structure. The breakdown occurs in a Q 2 region which agrees with their estimates of a small ${\cal P}$ omeron size.
Some better practices for measuring racial and ethnic identity constructs.

Racial and ethnic identity (REI) measures are in danger of becoming conceptually meaningless because of evaluators' insistence that they conform to measurement models intended to assess unidimensional constructs, rather than the multidimensional constructs necessary to capture the complexity of internalized racial or cultural socialization. Some aspects of the intersection of REI theoretical constructs with research design and psychometric practices are discussed, and recommendations for more informed use of each are provided. A table that summarizes some psychometric techniques for analyzing multidimensional measures is provided.
Do sire-dam interactions contribute significantly to fertility comparisons in heterospermic insemination trials

The percentage of offspring sired after heterospermic insemination of equal numbers of spermatozoa is believed to be a very sensitive measure of relative in vivo fertility of the inseminated samples. The objective of these trials was to evaluate whether there was a detectable male-female interaction in the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. If there was such an interaction, we reasoned that the paternity of offspring from individual females in a heterospermic trial the second year would be similar to the paternity of offspring in the same individual females the first year if the same ejaculates were used. Five groups of ewes were inseminated with different combinations of semen (a single Merino ejaculate from one of five rams randomly paired with five different pools of Suffolk semen) in a heterospermic trial. Those ewes conceiving the first year were inseminated in a second breeding season with the same combination of semen used previously. The percentage of lambs sired by each ejaculate/pool of ejaculates was calculated for all lambs born from all ewes inseminated with each semen combination. These percentages would be the expected ratios of Merino-sired:Suffolk-sired lambs if there is no male-female interaction. Ewes in each group were divided into two subgroups: those conceiving only Merino-sired lambs the first year and those conceiving at least one Suffolk-sired lamb the first year. The ratio of Merino-sired lambs:Suffolk-sired lambs did not differ in either subgroup from those expected if there was no male-female interaction. These results are consistent with the absence of a male-female interaction in relative fertilizing ability of spermatozoa.
The stability of prostaglandin E1 in dilute physiological solutions at 37 degrees C

The stability of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in three physiologic solutions was studied at body temperature (37 degrees C) over 32 days. The solutions were 100 mcg/ml PGE1 in isotonic saline (pH 4.5), 0.1 M phosphate buffered water (pH 7.4) or 0.01 M phosphate buffered isotonic saline (pH 4.7). PGE1 was found to be more stable in the saline and buffered saline solutions at the pH values of 4.5 and 4.7 respectively. Twenty-five per cent of the PGE1 remained at 32 days in these solutions while 95% of the PGE1 in the solution at pH 7.4 was degraded by day 14. The degradation of PGE1 in the acidic solutions appeared to be nearly linear when plotted on a semilog graph. This data allows one to use PGE1 in an aqueous, slightly acidic solution in a system that requires it to be kept at 37 degrees C for up to 30 days such as a biologically implantable pump. Investigators can use such a system in vivo to study the effect of known concentrations of PGE1 given over a period of time to a specific area of interest.
Assignment of the aromatic 1H-NMR resonances of myotoxin a isolated from the venom of Crotalus viridis viridis

The 400 MHz 1H-NMR spectrum of myotoxin a from the venom of Crotalus viridis viridis is described. The identification of spin systems in the aromatic region corresponding to the six aromatic residues of myotoxin a was completed using both one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and the pH dependence of chemical shifts. Assignments of these spin systems to specific residues was possible for the singly occurring amino acids Tyr-1 and Phe-12. Resonances from Tyr-1, His-5 and His-10 were shifted significantly from their random coil values in a pH-dependent manner. These shift perturbations were deemed evidence of a helical arrangement of the amino terminal region which placed these residues in close proximity to each other.
Additional symbolic interactionism view on LRT

Interest in Recreational Activities and Certain Environmental, Educational, and Personality Adjustment Factors of College Freshmen Men. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University. Blumer, H. 1969 Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Callero, P. L. 1986 Toward a Meadian Conceptualization of Role. The Sociological Quarterly 27(3):343-358. Mead, G. H. 1934 Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Scott, F. L. 1957 A Study of the Origin of Recreation Activities of Male Students at San Diego State College. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. US Department of Interior. 1979 The Third National Outdoor Recreation Plan. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
The interaction of CO and Ar molecular beams with Ir(110)

Supersonic molecular beam techniques were used to study the scattering of CO and Ar from clean and CO-covered Ir(110) surfaces over a wide range of kinetic energies of the incident species. The initial sticking coefficient, S0, for CO on a clean Ir(110) surface decreases from 0.80 at 2 kcal/mol beam energy to 0.35 at 34 kcal/mol. At each beam enery S0 is independent of surface temperature in the interval 200≤Ts≤500 K. Scattering of CO from a CO-saturated surface shows a transition from mainly trapping/desorption scattering at low beam energy to direct inelastic scattering at high beam energy. The trapping probability for CO on the covered surface decreases with beam energy. Ar and CO scattering from the covered surface are very similar. The dependence of the trapping probability on beam energy for CO and Ar is identical within the margin of error of the experiment. Comparison of the Ar scattering from the CO-covered surface with that from the clean surface reveals much smaller trapping probabilities for Ar on the clean surface. This indicates that the adsorbed CO layer increases the efficiency of the energy transfer from the gas to the surface.
Modal subspaces and normal mode vibrations

Abstract Trajectories of non-linear conservative systems having n -degrees of freedom can be identified with the motions of a unit mass in an n -dimensional Euclidean space under a force derivable from a potential function. Normal modes of vibrations of such systems have been defined and discussed by R.M. Rosenberg and others. This paper deals with special classes of motions of the system for which the trajectories of the unit mass remain in subspaces of the Euclidean n -space; these are called modal subspaces. Using the symmetry and other properties of the potential function, methods are developed to find these modal subspaces and to systematically reduce the dimensions of the modal subspaces. In many cases, this procedure leads to finding one-dimensional modal subspaces which represent normal modes of vibration. The methods determine the modes geometrically without having to integrate the differential equations. Examples are given to demonstrate the applications.
Performance of a Bioretention Area and a Level Spreader-Grass Filter Strip at Two Highway Sites in North Carolina

The pollutant removal efficiency of a bioretention area and a level spreader-grass filter strip implemented at North Carolina highway facilities was assessed. The assessment consisted of monitoring inflow, outflow, and on-site rainfall for at least 13 storm events. Monitoring included continuous discharge measurement and collecting and analyzing flow-proportional samples for each event. All samples were analyzed for solids, turbidity, and nitrogen and phosphorus forms and selected samples were analyzed for metals. The level spreader-grass filter strip had the best overall efficiency with load reduction efficiencies in all pollutants ranging from 24 to 83% and the highest reduction for total suspended solids (TSS). Much of the efficiency of this best management practice can be attributed to the 49% reduction in runoff volume from inflow to outflow. Pollutant reduction efficiencies for the bioretention area ranged from −254 to 76% with the highest reduction for TSS. The lowest or large negative efficiency w...
Dark energy from a phantom field near a local potential minimum

Abstract We examine dark energy models in which a phantom field ϕ is rolling near a local minimum of its potential V ( ϕ ) . We require that ( 1 / V ) ( d V / d ϕ ) ≪ 1 , but ( 1 / V ) ( d 2 V / d ϕ 2 ) can be large. Using techniques developed in the context of hilltop quintessence, we derive a general expression for w as a function of the scale factor, and as in the hilltop case, we find that the dynamics of the field depend on the value of ( 1 / V ) ( d 2 V / d ϕ 2 ) near the minimum. Our general result gives a value for w that is within 1% of the true (numerically-derived) value for all of the particular cases examined. Our expression for w ( a ) reduces to the previously-derived phantom slow-roll result of Sen and Scherrer in the limit where the potential is flat, ( 1 / V ) ( d V / d ϕ ) ≪ 1 .