cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intentional Foreign Language Advocacy: Skills Set, Mindset, and Core Value

Although a nation of immigrants and although more than 60M speak a language other than English in the home, the United States suffers from a foreign language deficit, in which demand for foreign language skills exceeds supply, and where opportunity to learn another language is actually decreasing. Compared to Europe for example, a significantly smaller percentage of US students study another language, and language study typically begins later. In order to build the foreign language skills needed in the workplace, in the globalized world, and in our society, all students should have the opportunity to learn another language, and in order to increase opportunity, advocacy is needed to promote language learning and to support and defend endangered programs. Effective advocacy needs to be not only strategic, but intentional, a mindset and skills set stemming from a core value of making the world a better place through our everyday actions.
On the Democratization of AI

What would it mean to take seriously the democratization of artificial intelligence (AI)? Rather than just offering developer tools online for free, I argue that substantive approaches to democratization must address the governance of the research and development (R&D) process itself. Drawing on Woodhouse’s framework for democratic decision making through intelligent trial and error (ITE), a design-based approach to the governance of technological R&D that synthesizes the insights of critical technology scholars with democratic political decision theory, I evaluate AI R&D broadly to consider how it could be governed more democratically. My initial analysis suggests the existence of considerable barriers to the democratization of AI. To name a few: (1) Public deliberation is impaired by deterministic framings of AI’s developmental trajectory, which prohibits partisan disagreement and restricts discussion to a narrow set of concerns. (2) Importantly, decision making processes are largely opaque, exclude most stakeholders, and allocate authority to technical experts and business executives. (3) The rapid pace of AI R&D and subsequent rush to deploy and monetize applications mitigates against stringent initial precautions and disallows time for governance institutions and other social organizations to learn and respond. Finally, while several institutions have formed to investigate the ethics and safety of AI, these are primarily staffed by computer scientists and other technical experts, lack social scientific expertise, and have yet to provide substantial advisory assistance for those most likely to be negatively impacted by AI. Adequately addressing these issues may require significant, unprecedented changes to the R&D process—but I would like to believe that the pioneers at the forefront of the field are capable of stimulating social innovations in addition to achieving technological breakthroughs.
Consumer Attitude in Student Housing Evaluation: A Case of A Hospitality Satellite Campus

This study explores student housing attributes in a satellite campus and evaluates their effects on behavioral intention. The mediating role of attitude was emphasized in the research framework. Re...
Neurologic complications in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A review

Neurologic injury during shoulder replacement is one of the less common complications of the procedure, however the clinical implications can be significant. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature on neurologic complications in various types of shoulder replacement and provide recommendations regarding avoidance, evaluation, and management of these complications.
Development and Verification of Nonequilibrium Reacting Airflow Modeling in ANSYS Fluent

High-speed flow problems of practical interest require a solution of nonequilibrium aerothermochemistry to accurately predict important flow phenomena, including surface heat transfer and stresses....
Exploring Potentials of Self Governance Through Financial Reporting Standards: Addressing Imbalances and Limits of Self Regulation

As well as highlighting the impact of asymmetric information on levels of monitoring procedures and how conflicts of interests which could arise between corporations and their shareholders, or between governments and those firms being regulated by the regulator, could be addressed, this research is also aimed at accentuating the need for the operation of certain vital safeguards, given the merits that are, and could be derived from self governance and self regulation. Several safeguards which are aimed at bolstering the objective of ensuring that the agent’s objectives and actions are closely monitored, as well as aligned with firm investors’ desires, encompass and relate to the encouragement of longer term firm economic performance, increasing shareholder voting power, and the implementation of legislative tools and financial reporting standards as means of determining how effectively executives and management are to be compensated. This research is therefore also aimed at exploring how these safeguards could be applied, particularly within the context of insider trading and the rationale behind several jurisdictions to adopt or not to adopt insider trading regulations. Furthermore, it will seek to provide a better understanding of how corporate governance structures can assist businesses. Self governance and self regulation are terms which will be used interchangeably throughout this research.
Whole transcriptome analysis with sequencing: methods, challenges and potential solutions

Whole transcriptome analysis plays an essential role in deciphering genome structure and function, identifying genetic networks underlying cellular, physiological, biochemical and biological systems and establishing molecular biomarkers that respond to diseases, pathogens and environmental challenges. Here, we review transcriptome analysis methods and technologies that have been used to conduct whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing or whole transcriptome tag/target sequencing analyses. We focus on how adaptors/linkers are added to both 5′ and 3′ ends of mRNA molecules for cloning or PCR amplification before sequencing. Challenges and potential solutions are also discussed. In brief, next generation sequencing platforms have accelerated releases of the large amounts of gene expression data. It is now time for the genome research community to assemble whole transcriptomes of all species and collect signature targets for each gene/transcript, and thus use known genes/transcripts to determine known transcriptomes directly in the near future.
Diversion of Wastewaters from Madison Lakes

In general, an improvement in water quality of the Madison, Wisconsin, lakes resulted after sewage effluent was diverted from them. This was evidenced by a reduction in the phosphorus content of the lakes as well as a decrease in the frequency and severity of blue-green algal blooms. Based on the limited data available, the rate of response of two relatively small and shallow Madison lakes, Lake Waubesa and Lake Kegonsa, following a reduced phosphorus influx (the result of a major sewage diversion in 1958) was found to be similar to that predicted from a simple, exponential decay model based on the hydraulic residence time. It is predicted based on a phosphorus residence time that a new equilibrium phosphorus content will be reached in Lake Mendota in about 1975, or about three years following the reduction in the phosphorus resulting from the wastewater diversion.
ANALYSIS OF TWO-VALVE FLUID-FLOW SYSTEMS WITH GENERAL REPAIR TIMES

A two-valve fluid-flow system with finite storage in between is considered. Valves are subject to failures with exponential up times and phase type repair times. We have developed a continuous time Markov Chain approach to study the steady-state behavior of the valves and the material in the storage. The Markov chain has both continuous and discrete states. We have constructed a system of linear equations for the boundary states and a set of differential equations for the interior states, that are solved using the eigenvalue method. We have also investigated the impact of down time variability on the system performance metrics.
The phosphorylation state of phosducin determines its ability to block transducin subunit interactions and inhibit transducin binding to activated rhodopsin.

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) serve many different signal transduction pathways. Phosducin, a 28-kDa phosphoprotein, is expressed in a variety of mammalian cell types and blocks activation of several classes of G-proteins. Phosphorylation of phosducin by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase prevents phosducin-mediated inhibition of G-protein GTPase activity (Bauer, P. H., Muller, S., Puzicha, M., Pippig, S., Obermaier, B., Helmreich, E. J. M., and Lohse, M. J. (1992) Nature 358, 73-76). In retinal rods, phosducin inhibits transducin (Gt) activation by binding its beta gamma subunits. While rod phosducin is phosphorylated in the dark and dephosphorylated after illumination (Lee, R.-H., Brown, B. M., and Lolley, R. N. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1972-1977), the significance of these reactions is still unclear. The data presented here permit a more precise characterization of phosducin function and the consequences of its phosphorylation. Dephosphophosducin blocked binding of the Gt alpha 1 subunit to activated rhodopsin in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of Gt beta gamma, whereas phosphophosducin did not. Surprisingly, the binding affinity of phosphophosducin for Gt beta gamma was not significantly reduced compared with the binding affinity of dephosphophosducin. However, the association of phosducin with Gt beta gamma in a size exclusion column matrix was dependent on the phosphorylation state of phosducin. Moreover, the ability of phosducin to compete with Gt alpha for binding to Gt beta gamma was also dependent on the phosphorylation state of phosducin. No interaction was found between phosducin and Gt alpha. These data indicate that phosducin decreases rod responsiveness by binding to the beta gamma subunits of Gt and preventing their interaction with Gt alpha, thereby inhibiting Gt alpha activation by the activated receptor. Moreover, phosphorylation of phosducin blocks its ability to compete with Gt alpha for binding to Gt beta gamma.
Comprehensive trust management

Trust has been viewed as an integral component of agent decision making in the context of multiagent systems (MASs). Various formal and semi-formal trust schemes, motivated by diverse considerations and influenced by various fields of study, have been proposed, implemented, and evaluated. We believe that there still exists a pressing need for developing a comprehensive trust management scheme that addresses most, if not all, issues underlying trust development, maintenance, and use. To facilitate the discussion of a general and comprehensive trust management scheme, we provide our own operational definition of trust motivated by uncertainty management and utility optimization. We identify the various components required of a comprehensive trust management scheme and their roles in determining agent performance in a competitive, open MAS.
Corporate Entrepreneurial Project Failure

The success of corporate entrepreneurial project depends on the commitment of management, the project leader, and the rest of the project team to the innovation effort. Commitment toward innovation typically stems from intrinsic motivation and while innovations often begin with creative ideas, individuals are typically most creative when they are passionate about what they are doing. Yet, despite considerable commitment by organizational members and given the increase in corporate innovative activity, entrepreneurial projects that are created to pursue new and unique opportunities can still fail – or “die” – due to the uncertain environment within which they develop. Regardless of the reasons behind a project's failure, those committed to the project will likely feel they have lost something important when the project fails. Although failure can be an important source of information for learning, this learning is not automatic or instantaneous. The emotions generated by failure (e.g., grief) can interfere with the learning process. This article explains the grief process, how it can be managed by individuals and organizations to enhance learning, and proposes a dual process model for recovering from grief, so that innovators can learn more from their project failures and remain committed to future innovative endeavors. Keywords: innovation; failure; grief; entrepreneurial learning; emotion; regulation
Autophagy Retards Inflammatory Mrna Decay And Elicits A White Phenotype During Adipocyte Maturation

Background: Recently, the role of autophagy in glucose and lipid metabolism has been emerging. Mice experiments showed that autophagy deficiency could prevent diet-induced obesity, characterized by less fat and a browning phenotype of white adipocyte (WAT). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well explored and the data from human are limited. Method: The mRNA sequencing data of undifferentiated and differentiated human adipocyte cell lines, including two white adipocyte (WAT) and one brown adipocyte (BAT) were included in our analysis. Gene expression was reduced by RNA interference in human adipocyte and was enhanced by glucocorticoid, respectively. Qualifying the lipid droplet content and quantifying the adipolysis and differentiation marker expression were applied to evaluate WAT differentiation. LC3 was used as a marker to examine autophagy function of adipocyte. Result: we found a remarkable feature of adipocyte differentiation that inflammation signaling was significantly strengthened during WAT maturation, but not during BAT maturation. The alteration of Zinc Finger protein 36 (ZFP36), which mediates the decay of mRNA transcripts of inflammation molecules, obviously affected the phenotype of mature WAT: silencing of ZFP36 gene resulted in a more whitening phenotype and induction of ZFP36 resulted in a browning phenotype. ZFP36 activity was associated with p38 MAPK signaling that was regulated by autophagy. Conclusion: ZFP36 links autophagy to the determination of mature adipocyte phenotype. Therefore, ZFP36 is a potential target to prevent obesity and improve glucose and lipid metabolism.
An Exercise Project by Young Adults for Senior Citizens

(1978). An Exercise Project by Young Adults for Senior Citizens. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 26-26.
Abstract 2636: Mechanisms of therapy-induced senescence with ABT-737

Aberrant expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins in human cancer is correlated with poor outcomes after standard chemotherapy. ABT-737 is a cell permeable Bcl-2 family antagonist that is capable of binding to Bcl-2, Bcl-x L , and Bcl-w. ABT-737 functions by displacing BH3 proteins, such as Bim, from these proteins activating Bax and Bak to induce apoptotic cell death. Resistance to ABT-737 appears to be mediated by the elevated expression of Mcl-1 or Bfl-1/A1 which are not capable of binding this compound. Since renal, prostate and lung carcinomas, exhibit elevated levels of endogenous Mcl-1 many of these tumor cell lines are resistant to killing by this agent. Gene chip analysis in order to understand anticancer action of ABT-737 in human cancer cells reveals an intrigue data that ABT-737 regulates key genes involving cytokines and chemokines associated with senescence phenotype. Because senescence is considered to be a key mechanism that protects against cancer development, we investigated the mechanism of action for ABT-737 in human cancer cells where this compound is incapable of inducing apoptotic cell death, inhibit growth of tumor cells by the induction of cell senescence. Here, we identify a novel pathway involving the induction of DNA damage response by caspase-3 cleavage that normally induces apoptosis, which instead leads to promotion of cellular senescence. Treatment of renal, lung and prostate cancer cell lines with ABT-737, but not an inactive enantiomer, caused the induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and additional changes associated with the senescence phenotype including increases in specific gene transcription, secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and stimulation of the activity of C/EBPβ. ABT-737 treatment of these cell lines induced activation of the DNA damage response pathway as demonstrated by increases in γ-H2AX and phosphorylation of both the ATM and Chk2 protein kinases. Decreasing ATM levels with shRNA blocked the senescent phenotype suggesting that this pathway was critical for the induction of ABT-737-mediated senescence. DNA damage induced by ABT-737 treatment was caused by low level activation of the caspase cascade, which was blocked by decreasing caspase-3 levels with shRNA. ABT-737-induced senescence appeared to be p53-dependent, since the overexpression of dominant-negative p53 inhibited the ABT-737-induced increases in p21 protein levels, β-galactosidase, and IL-6 transcription. These findings suggest that in multiple cancer cell types where ABT-737 is incapable of inducing sufficient DNA damage to activate apoptosis, it instead inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing senescence, a phenotype that is associated with major changes in gene transcription and protein secretion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2636. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2636
Old and new tools to dissect calcineurin's role in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.

In the last several years, a number of experiments have implicated a pivotal role of the calcium/calmodulin-calcineurin dependent pathway as a final common signaling mechanism by which diverse hypertrophic stimuli converge to mediate hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. Calcineurin inhibitors, i.e. cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506, can interrupt the pathway, thereby preventing cardiac hypertrophy. The data that convincingly support this novel hypothesis were derived either from in vitro studies in cultured cardiomyocytes or from in vivo studies in transgenic mice. However, when the hypothesis was tested in clinically relevant animal models of cardiac hypertrophy, controversial results and conclusions emerged. In conventional models of cardiac hypertrophy, two questions remain to be answered: (1) whether calcineurin is activated in hypertrophied cardiac muscle, and (2) whether calcineurin inhibitors prevent cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, clinical observations have revealed that calcineurin inhibitors appear to exert pro-hypertrophic effects in organ transplant recipients. The controversies suggest that current calcineurin inhibitors are blunt tools for testing the hypothesis in pressure-overload hypertrophy in vivo, because there are so many confounding effects that are associated with systemic administration of the drugs. As such, new genetic approaches may overcome some of the problems associated with pharmacological inhibitors. This invited review will focus on the controversies surrounding the ability of calcineurin inhibition to prevent conventional (pressure-overload) cardiac hypertrophy and the new genetic approaches to address the question.
Reactions of liquid and solid aluminum clusters with N2: the role of structure and phase in Al114 (+), Al115 (+), and Al117 (+).

Kinetic energy thresholds have been measured for the chemisorption of N2 onto Al114+, Al115+, and Al117+ as a function of the cluster's initial temperature, from around 200 K up to around 900 K. For all three clusters there is a sharp drop in the kinetic energy threshold of 0.5–0.6 eV at around 450 K, that is correlated with the structural transition identified in heat capacity measurements. The decrease in the thresholds corresponds to an increase in the reaction rate constant, k(T) at 450 K, of around 106-fold. No significant change in the thresholds occurs when the clusters melt at around 600 K. This contrasts with behavior previously reported for smaller clusters where a substantial drop in the kinetic energy thresholds is correlated with the melting transition.
Cosmetophilus vonones, n. g., n. sp., (Apicomplexa: Actinocephalidae) in the harvestman Vonones sayi (Arachnida: Cosmetidae).

The gregarine Cosmetophilus vonones, n. g., n. sp. (Sporozoasida: Actinocephalidae: Acanthosporinae) from the intestine and intestinal caeca of the harvestman Vonones sayi (Simon) (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) is described. The new internal parasite is the first recorded from a harvestman in the New World and the second from the opilion suborder Laniatores. In addition to the records from the type locality in western Texas, additional collections are reported from the same host in central and eastern Texas and Tennessee.
Alcohol use and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease.

Substantial evidence has shown that moderate drinkers have lower rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than abstainers, but the effects of alcohol consumption among patients with established CHD are less clear. Alcohol intake has important effects on risk factors for reinfarction, including higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, lower levels of fibrinogen and other prothrombotic factors, lower fibrinolytic potential, and antiplatelet activity. Studies of patients at risk for CHD, such as those with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, have shown that the association of moderate drinking and CHD is at least as strong as it is in the general population. Most recently, studies have found that survivors of acute myocardial infarction who drink moderately have a risk of death approximately 20%–30% lower than do abstainers or rare drinkers. Nonetheless, the risks and benefits of alcohol use remain complex, even among patients with CHD, and no simple recommendation regarding alcohol consumption can be made for all patients.
The impact of setup costs, commonality, and capacity on schedule stability: An exploratory study

Abstract This paper examines the effect of setup costs, component commonality, and capacity on schedule stability in supply chains. In particular, this work focuses on the situation where schedule changes over a rolling horizon convey information that is important to successful coordination in the supply chain. A lot-sizing model is deployed within the structure of a designed experiment to evaluate the effects of these design factors on schedule stability. Findings suggest that designing component commonality into products, avoiding the tendency to batch multiple customer orders into fewer production orders, and providing surplus capacity have a stabilizing effect on rolling schedules.
Solar tracking response to drought in a desert annual

The responses to drought of the solar tracking winter annualLupinus arizonicus (Wats.) were examined under field and laboratory growth regimes. Under drought conditions tracking movements were maintained until the plant reached the wilting point. The leaves and leaflets were observed to cup in response to decreases in the xylem water potential. This resulted in a negative, but linear relationship between the cosine of the angle of incidence of the direct solar beam upon the leaf and water potential. Leaf conductance was also significantly related to xylem water potential in natural populations. Leaf and leaflet cupping seem to be responding directly to changing plant water status, resulting in reduced solar radiation load to drought stressed plants. It is hypothesized that this property may have adaptive consequences in relation to the water relations, energy budget, and carbon balance of the plant.
Three- to four-year follow-up to an open trial of nefazodone for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

Multiyear (37–51 months) follow-up data was obtained on patients who had participated in an open label trial of nefazodone that originally showed nefazodone may be useful for symptom management in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Ten patients with combat-related DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) entered an open-label 12-week trial of nefazodone, beginning with 100 mg/day and increasing as necessary to achieve a maximal response or until reaching a maximum dosage of 600 mg/day. All 10 patients were followed for over 3–4 years and used nefazodone with dosages of 400–600 mg a day. The entire dosage was shifted to bedtime to facilitate sleep in 7 patients. Data on PTSD symptoms, depression, sleep, and anger were examined. Nefazodone was well tolerated and no significant changes in sexual function were reported. All participants reported compliance with the prescribed nefazodone over 3–4 years. Nine patients reported that it remained effective, and expressed a desire to remain on the medication. On the basis of clinician global impression ratings (compared to baseline), 10 patients were rated as much improved at 12 weeks. Seven of the 10 patients continued to be much improved, 2 were minimally improved, and 1 was rated as worse (compared to baseline assessment) on 3–4-year follow-up. At 3–4-year follow-up, improvements in PTSD symptoms, sleep, and anger were maintained. These improvements were statistically significant with moderate-to-large effect sizes. These data suggest that clinical improvement in PTSD patients administered nefazodone may be maintained with continued treatment. The medication was tolerated well in long-term treatment, compliance was high, and improvement was maintained over several years. Length of treatment, appropriate dose, long-term efficacy, and compliance are all clinically significant issues with little guiding data available. Controlled studies are needed to (a) further investigate the long-term efficacy of nefazodone in the treatment of PTSD; (b) provide information for length of treatment guidelines; and (c) document if discontinuation is possible and efficacious.
Erythrocyte sodium transport and membrane adenosine triphosphatase in patients with thermal injury.

Various aspects of erythrocyte sodium movement have been measured in 48 patients with extensive thermal injury. Intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations were determined and found to be identical to those observed in a group of healthy individuals of comparable age. Flux studies, using 22Na, revealed no differences between burn patients and controls in the ouabain-sensitive transport of sodium from the cell; only a slight decrease in the ouabain-insensitive exit was noted among burn patients. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in sodium influx for the two groups. Consistent with these results were essentially normal values for red cell membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities, including Km and Vmax. Burn patients, however, did demonstrate nearly a 2-fold increase in red cell hexokinase activity, and the implications of this finding are discussed with respect to red cell glucose utilization and membrane cation permeability.
On the relationships between commercial sexual exploitation/prostitution, substance dependency, and delinquency in youthful offenders

Researchers have consistently linked commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of youth and involvement in prostitution with substance dependency and delinquency. Yet, important questions remain regarding the directionality and mechanisms driving this association. Utilizing a sample of 114 CSE/prostituted youth participating in the Pathways to Desistance study-a longitudinal investigation of the transition from adolescence to adulthood among serious adolescent offenders-the current study examined key criminal career parameters of CSE/prostitution including age of onset and rate of recurrence. Additionally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore concurrent associations and causal links between CSE/prostitution and drug involvement. Findings show a general sequential pattern of the ages of onset with substance use and selling drugs occurring prior to CSE/prostitution, evidence that a small group with chronic CSE/prostitution account for the majority of CSE/prostitution occurrences, and high rates of repeated CSE/prostitution. SEM results suggest CSE/prostituted youth persist in drug involvement from year to year but infrequently experience perpetuation of CSE/prostitution from year to year. Concurrent associations between CSE/prostitution and drug involvement were found across the length of the study. Additionally, drug involvement at one year was linked to CSE/prostitution during the subsequent year during early years of the study.
Hydroxyurea-mediated neuroblast ablation establishes birth dates of secondary lineages and addresses neuronal interactions in the developing Drosophila brain.

The Drosophila brain is comprised of neurons formed by approximately 100 lineages, each of which is derived from a stereotyped, asymmetrically dividing neuroblast. Lineages serve as structural and developmental units of Drosophila brain anatomy and reconstruction of lineage projection patterns represents a suitable map of Drosophila brain circuitry at the level of neuron populations (“macro-circuitry”). Two phases of neuroblast proliferation, the first in the embryo and the second during the larval phase (following a period of mitotic quiescence), produce primary and secondary lineages, respectively. Using temporally controlled pulses of hydroxyurea (HU) to ablate neuroblasts and their corresponding secondary lineages during the larval phase, we analyzed the effect on development of primary and secondary lineages in the late larval and adult brain. Our findings indicate that timing of neuroblast re-activation is highly stereotyped, allowing us to establish “birth dates” for all secondary lineages. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that, whereas the trajectory and projection pattern of primary and secondary lineages is established in a largely independent manner, the final branching pattern of secondary neurons is dependent upon the presence of appropriate neuronal targets. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the degree of neuronal plasticity during Drosophila brain development.
NOVEL EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF THE MYC/MAX/MAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NETWORK IN DEVELOPING MURINE PROSTATE GLAND

Purpose: Expression of myc proto-oncogenes and myc-antagonizing mad/mxi genes typically predominate in proliferating versus differentiating cells, respectively. C-myc expression in prostate cells is well established but to our knowledge that of several recently discovered mad/mxi genes is completely uncharacterized. Such characterization is particularly relevant because mxi1 is lost or mutated in some human prostate tumors and mouse mxi1-null mutants show prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and Methods: Developing murine prostatic lobes at select postnatal days 1 to 28 were analyzed by in situ immunohistochemical and in vitro RNA analysis. The expression patterns of the 3 myc genes c-, L- and N-myc, and the mad1, mxi1 and mad4 genes were studied in most detail with nonradioactive in situ and immunohistochemical analyses.Results: We describe what is to our knowledge previously unreported expression of N– and L-myc in the prostate with particularly the latter strongly expressed throughout development. High c-my...
D2-5: Interpersonal Continuity of Care and Utilization Among Multimorbid Seniors in an Integrated Healthcare System.

Background/Aims Greater continuity of care (CoC) is associated with lower hospital utilization. This has not been fully explored in integrated care delivery systems with high informational continuity.
Trace elements and stable isotopes in Atlantic tarpon scales reveal movements across estuarine gradients

Abstract Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus, are large migratory fish that make use of a wide array of habitats during the course of their lifetime, including oceanic, coastal and upper estuaries. Many aspects of the migratory ecology of this species are poorly described, including the scope of individual variability in movements across estuarine gradients. Population abundances have declined precipitously in recent decades leading to its classification as “Vulnerable” under the IUCN, lethal methods of identifying migration patterns such as otolith analyses are not feasible. We therefore examined the non-lethal alternative method of combined stable isotope and trace element analysis in subsamples of scales removed from living fish collected in subtropical areas of the western Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico. We found significant differences in chemical signatures from edges of scales collected from separate geographic regions. Within scales, we observed consistent enrichments in δ15N values indicating ontogenetic trophic shifts and individual variation in the remaining proxies (Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and δ13C) that suggested differential patterns of movement between marine and fresh waters. Notably, values of δ13C were positively related to Sr:Ca in all geographic regions, suggesting that scale δ13C values primarily reflected movement across salinity gradients rather than fractionation associated with trophic increases. Multi-proxy chemical analysis of Atlantic tarpon scales therefore provides a non-lethal alternative to otolith geochemistry for identifying individual movement and trophic patterns of this highly mobile species.
Mutants We All: Jean-Louis Schefer and our Cinematic Civilization

Atoms and dust, tossed by the churning of wheels; the ticking of clocks and grinding machines, producing movement as the debris issued forth from the recording of time; an ever-changing series of universes appearing and disappearing, in which humanity as a whole and the spectator as an individual become mutated, mutants—monsters we all, split between our memory-laden selves and the memory-free instant of the passing image. This is the cinema, our world with cinema in it, our cinematic experience, according to Jean-Louis Schefer. In the enigmatic tone and unorthodox style of this opening passage, I hope to introduce a thinker of the cinema whose original, insightful, and often difficult writing on film I aim to render more accessible in the following pages. The motivation for this essay lies in the high esteem I hold for Schefer’s ability to offer a badly needed link between cognitive film analysis and metaphysical film-philosophy, shedding light on the connection between the complex details of our specific viewing experiences and the general
Ship scheduling: The last decade

This work summarizes trends and published research during the last decade in ship scheduling and related problems, and identifies issues which require further investigation. The rapid development of computing power has facilitated optimal solutions to ship scheduling problems which may result in significant economic impact. However, the scarcity of published work in this area indicates the low level of penetration of quantitative models into industrial applications.
Phenomenological and Participatory Research on Schizophrenia: Recovering the Person in Theory and Practice

This article describes the application of phenomenological and participatory research methods in understanding the problem of recurrent inpatient admissions for individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness. Conventional approaches to understanding and addressing inpatient recidivism in serious mental illness have neglected to invite the perspective or input of the person with the disorder, further exacerbating the passive and helpless role of mental patient into which these individuals have become socialized by virtue of prevailing patterns of cultural stigma and clinical practice. These approaches have focused exclusively on the disorder and its signs and symptoms and have attempted to prevent readmission through early detection and intervention to prevent relapse. This paper describes the failure of one attempt to institute such an approach to addressing the problem of recidivism, and the use of phenomenological and participatory research methods to involve recidivist patients themselves in exploring the reasons for this failure and to suggest alternative approaches. These methods involved patients' describing their experiences of hospitalization, discharge, and readmission, identifying the precipitants and reasons for their readmissions, and participating in the design of a new intervention that has proven more successful in assisting them in establishing more satisfying lives for themselves in the community as an alternative to returning to the hospital. The authors suggest that such participatory methods provide an antidote to the passive and helpless role of mental patient often encouraged by conventional modes of clinical practice and research, allowing for a recovery of an active role for the person with the disorder both in the theory and practice of clinical psychology.
The universe, dark matter, and streaming intelligence

Abstract After decades of university appointments, I only recently taught my first course on intelligence. It was for the Great Courses Company. Questions concerning audience, key points to make, approach to teaching, and topic controversies were all part of the planning for 18 30-minute lectures now available on DVDs or streaming. The course tells my version of modern intelligence research, inspired in part by Cosmology.
New Building Blocks for Fluorinated Bioimidazole Derivatives II: Preparation of β-Fluorourocanic Acids

Replacement of vinyl hydrogen with fluorine is based on addition of an FBr equivalent to a double bond followed by HBr elimination. This sequence has been adapted to prepare 3-fluoro-3-imidazolyl-propenoic acids (β-fluorourocanic acids), and the related fluorinated imidazolyl propenals and prop-2-en-1-ols, from urocanic acid. Tritylation of the imidazole nitrogen was necessary for successful addition of “FBr” to the double bond, and prior reduction of the carboxyl group to the alcohol was required to provide the desired chemoselectivity in the elimination of HX. Reoxidation and deprotection produced the fluorinated urocanic acids.
Computational target fishing: what should chemogenomics researchers expect for the future of in silico drug design and discovery?

Target fishing, or target identification, is an important start step in modern drug development, which investigates the mechanism of action of bioactive small molecules by identifying their interacting proteins. It can also be used to find potential off-targets of therapeutic compounds for the study of their side effects or for drug repurposing. Computational target fishing employs chemoinformatic tools and machine learning algorithms for in silico prediction of the biological targets of a chemical. Much progress has been made in this field over the past 10 years and quite a few approaches have been developed, such as chemical structure similarity searching [1], data mining/machine learning [2], panel docking [3], and bioactivity spectra based algorithms [4], to name a few. For further reading, we would like to refer to the following reviews [5-7]. As computational target fishing can facilitate the quick identification of new drug targets, the prediction of possible off-targets to avoid adverse effects and even the evaluation of selectivity among protein families, such technologies can help to leverage the challenges faced of the pharmaceutical industry, such as a decreasing output of new drugs and increasing regulatory requirements of safety. However, targets and diseases now being addressed are increasingly complex and challenging. Efforts are needed to develop more powerful tools in order to accelerate the discovery of small-molecule modulators targeting novel protein classes. Here, we provide our perspectives on this field in the future.
Variablemangle uniform signal excitation (vuse) for threel dimensional time‐of‐flight MR angiography

A spatially asymmetric RF pulse that improves the uniformity of blood signal intensity and vascular contrast in three-dimensional (3D) MR angiography (MRA) is presented. The pulse, called variable-angle uniform signal excitation (VUSE), was designed to provide uniform signal response and improved contrast for blood flowing through a 3D imaging volume during a FLASH sequence. The VUSE excitation profile was optimized on the basis of the number of pulses seen by the blood, which varied with the velocity of through-plane flow, repetition time, and slab thickness with the maximum flip angle at the flow exit constrained at 90 degrees. The theoretical results show that the optimal RF pulse gives more uniformity for flow signal than does a linear ramp excitation profile or a Gaussian pulse combined with a presaturation pulse. After truncation and filtering of the VUSE pulse in the time domain, the general shape of the VUSE RF excitation profile is maintained, but the maximum flip angle is reduced. The arteries of the neck in a healthy volunteer were imaged with the VUSE pulse, a constant flip angle (flat) pulse, and a linear ramp pulse in flow-compensated 3D MRA sequences. The VUSE pulse produced the most uniform signal as evidenced by the lowest relative dispersion of signal along the left vertebral artery (18.0 versus 26.4 to 23.6 for the other studies). F-distribution tests also showed that the signal distribution obtained with the VUSE pulse in a 3D FLASH sequence was statistically different from that for the flat and the linear ramp pulses.
Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects

Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects. Russell Thornton. ed. Madison. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. xvii. 443 pp., contributors, Index.
Analysis of airspace tube structures

This paper presents analysis of five airspace tube structures; three of which were previously defined and two new designs that were generated for this research. Five metrics to characterize the performance of these tubes are described. The metrics address the spatio-temporal utilization, frequency and angles at which aircraft cross tubes, along with separation of aircraft with and without tubes. All of the designs were incorporated in a common simulation platform for evaluation. The results indicate that current designs of tubes have low utilization and improvements are needed for additional benefits. Other structural parameters for consideration in future designs are presented along with visualization of a simple three-dimensional tube network.
Professional Ethics Violations Gender, Forgiveness, and the Attitudes of Social Work Students

Consistent with the main hypothesis, social work students (n = 41) were more distrusting toward a community agency following reports of unethical worker-client sex than reports of alcohol or other personnel problems. Students were somewhat more likely to increase follow-up of a male rather than a female supervisor. Trait forgiveness was largely unrelated to level of trust.
Isoenzymes of hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase in a family with partial deficiency of the enzyme.

The isoenzymes of hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT; E. C. 2.4.2.8) were studied by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in the erythrocytes of a family in which there was a partial deficiency of this X-linked enzyme. Hyperuricemic males, in whom HGPRT activity was 4% of normal, were found to have a variant enzyme which had altered kinetic and electrophoretic properties. In acrylamide gel, this variant migrated about 15% faster than the normal enzyme, and its Km for hypoxanthine was twice that of the normal. The sister of two patients had 34% of normal activity in her erythrocytes and was thought to be a heterozygote. Electrophoresis of her hemolysate yielded profiles in which there were two zones of HGPRT activity. The more slowly migrating isoenzyme behaved electrophoretically like the normal isoenzyme. The faster-migrating isoenzyme had a mobility identical to that of the variant enzyme found in hemolysates from her hyperuricemic siblings. However, in her profile the activity of the variant enzyme was three times greater than that of the HGPRT found in the boys. This increased activity appears to be due to an interaction of the variant enzyme with the normal enzyme. Electrophoresis of a mixture of normal enzyme and the variant from a hyperuricemic male yielded a profile similar to that observed in this girl and a dramatic increase in the amount of activity in the variant zone.
The Current State of Analytics in the Corporation: The View from Industry Leaders

Business intelligence and analytics in general are currently experiencing a resurgence in interest from both the business and academic communities. As a response, a Business Analytics Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed at Villanova University in 2007 to better link these two communities and support the growing needs of business. As a multi-disciplinary group composed of both analytics professionals and academics, one of the first tasks was to investigate how businesses viewed analytics and how they were incorporating them in actual practice. With this in mind, an interview questionnaire was developed and senior-level executives from a diverse group of sixteen different firms were interviewed in a group context. Their responses led to the development of a new, integrated analytics curriculum and the establishment of a new Analytics Round Table. The results from this series of semi-structured interviews are presented in this paper.
Photon assisted field emission from a silicon emitter

Abstract A novel method for the high-frequency modulation of a semiconductor field emitter array (FEA), as needed by compact high power microwave and millimeter wave tubes, is qualitatively analyzed. The model examines a FEA held at the threshold of emission by an applied gate potential from which current pulses are triggered by the application of a laser pulse on the backside of the semiconductor. Such an arrangement produces electron bunches (“density modulation”) at GHz frequencies without suffering from the restriction in reduced emission area and small unit cell geometry imposed by the high capacitance of field emitters. The analysis proceeds by first developing an analytical model of the emission from a silicon tip using a modified WKB approach to the tunneling current, which is validated by the more exact Airy function approach to solving Schrodinger’s equation. The effects of band bending are explicitly accounted for. The resulting relations are used to estimate emission from a single hyperbolic structure, and generalized to an array where a distribution in tip radii and work function is possible. Using a simple relationship between the incident photon flux and the resultant electron density at the emission site, an estimation of the tunneling current is made. Finally, a brief description of the operation and design of such a “photon-assisted field emission device” is given.
Statistical model of inclusive distributions: Correlations in transverse momentum

We investigate correlations in the transverse momenta of secondary particles emitted in inclusive reactions initiated by high-energy primary particles. The investigation is carried out within the framework of a statistical model of inclusive reactions originally proposed by Scalapino and Sugar and extended by us in a previous paper. We find substantial positive correlations between the transverse momenta of secondaries emitted within any given rapidity cluster. The typical correlation length in transverse momentum is a few times the mass of the secondaries.
The acceleration of a catalyzed reaction by hot electrons

Abstract Acceleration of a catalyzed reaction due to hot electron flow through a catalyst was predicted and experimentally proved for formic acid decomposition on gold. Measurements were carried out with current densities of 0 to 1.5 A/cm 2 and with temperatures of 20 to 250°C. During hot electron flow decomposition rates up to 100 times larger than the normal rates were observed when an effective power of 0.1 W/cm 2 was applied. Surprisingly, a flow of Fermi electrons caused a slight decrease in decomposition rates.