cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The F-type 5' motif of mouse L1 elements: a major class of L1 termini similar to the A-type in organization but unrelated in sequence

It has previously been shown that the L1 family in the mouse (L1Md) contains two alternative 5' ends called the A- and F-type sequences (1,2). We show here that the F-type element is a major class of murine L1 elements and report on the details of organization of the 5' motif of these F-type elements. Although the A- and F-type 5' sequences share no detectable sequence homology the organization of an F-type 5' end is strikingly similar to that of an A-type. That is, the F-type 5' sequences consist of a tandem array of a small number of 206 bp monomers while the A-type 5' motif consists of a tandem array of 208 bp monomers. All of the A-type elements characterized to date have a truncated monomer at the 5' end of the array. Many of the F-type elements are also terminated at the 5' end by a truncated copy but unlike the A-type elements some F-type elements terminate with a monomer which is within a few nucleotides of being complete. In addition the F-type consensus sequence, in contrast to the A-type sequence, shows homology (70%) to the body of the L1Md starting at the position where the monomer joins the rest of the L1 element.
Caveats for the Statistical Consumer: A Cautionary Note on Case Weighting as a Method of Implementing Weighted Least-Squares Regression

AbstractWhen no dedicated weighted least-squares procedure is available, misapplying a case-weighting strategy as a method of implementing a weighted least-squares regression analysis can lead to gross inaccuracies. The magnitudes of many of the obtained estimates depend strongly on the absolute magnitudes of the weights applied during fitting and, in addition, several of the crucial regression estimates are incorrect. Among all possible rescalings, the most successful weights are those that have been rescaled so that they sum to the original sample size. However, even with the application of these rescaled weights, the estimation of the error (residual) variance continues to be incorrect. A simple and easily applied adjustment to rectify this problem is presented.
The E-Marketing Mix: A Contribution of the E-Tailing Wars

In the context of the wars between the upstart Internet retailers and the existing bricks-and-mortar retailers, many e-marketing techniques were invented. This article develops a single unifying and theoretically based taxonomy for e-marketing techniques: the e-marketing mix. Drawing on the paradigms of exchange, relationships, and digital interactions in networks, 11 e-marketing functions are identified that form the elements of the e-marketing mix. Nine of the 11 e-marketing functions are considered basic, while 7 functions moderate the effects of others and are termedoverlapping. The 11 e-marketing functions provide a categorization of the e-marketing techniques. Compared to the conventional marketing mix, the e-marketing mix has more overlapping elements and directly represents personalization, an aspect of segmentation, as a basic function. The existence of multiple elements that are basic and overlapping in the e-marketing mix indicates that integration across elements should be more commonplace compared to the traditional marketing mix.
The effect of splitting on random forests

The effect of a splitting rule on random forests (RF) is systematically studied for regression and classification problems. A class of weighted splitting rules, which includes as special cases CART weighted variance splitting and Gini index splitting, are studied in detail and shown to possess a unique adaptive property to signal and noise. We show for noisy variables that weighted splitting favors end-cut splits. While end-cut splits have traditionally been viewed as undesirable for single trees, we argue for deeply grown trees (a trademark of RF) end-cut splitting is useful because: (a) it maximizes the sample size making it possible for a tree to recover from a bad split, and (b) if a branch repeatedly splits on noise, the tree minimal node size will be reached which promotes termination of the bad branch. For strong variables, weighted variance splitting is shown to possess the desirable property of splitting at points of curvature of the underlying target function. This adaptivity to both noise and signal does not hold for unweighted and heavy weighted splitting rules. These latter rules are either too greedy, making them poor at recognizing noisy scenarios, or they are overly ECP aggressive, making them poor at recognizing signal. These results also shed light on pure random splitting and show that such rules are the least effective. On the other hand, because randomized rules are desirable because of their computational efficiency, we introduce a hybrid method employing random split-point selection which retains the adaptive property of weighted splitting rules while remaining computational efficient.
The Development of the Leader and the Spirit: Integrating the Concepts toward Meaning-Making.

Using data from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership, this study examines the relationship between the eight values of the Social Change Model of Leadership Development with a student’s spiritual quest. Finding consistent positive relationship between the two constructs, the article discusses the intentional use of reflection in student leadership development programs to facilitate student growth in both leadership development and spiritual quest. Suggestions for implementing reflection are provided as well as discussion of further research.
MILSTEIN APPROXIMATION OF POSTERIOR DENSITY FOR DIFFUSIONS

We adopt the second order weak Milstein simulation scheme for estimating the true posterior density of diffusions and obtain the rate of weak convergence. We also obtain the Bernstein-von Mises Theorem concerning the convergence of the simulated posterior distribution to normal distribution and asymptotic normality of the Bayes estimator for smooth prior and loss functions.
It Takes a Classless, Heteronormative Utopian Village: Gilmore Girls and the Problem of Postfeminism

Just as the television industry faces pressure to maintain competitiveness in an increasingly fragmented market, feminist scholarship faces its own imperatives to stay relevant among conflicting definitions of feminism and identity in the study of media texts. Through an intersectional analysis of family narratives on the popular television series Gilmore Girls, the author demonstrates how the program's utopian, postfeminist ideology reflects a narrow vision of family that excludes the diverse body of feminisms today. Specifically, the author identifies 3 intersecting narrative strategies in Gilmore Girls as representative of the postfeminist effect on popular culture: heteronormative sensibility, upward class mobility, and post-race relations. By interrogating the gendered, classed, and raced contradictions in the series—as well as in academic arguments about—Gilmore Girls, the author provides an example of how critical intersectionality can expose and break down normative ideals of the family in popular...
Interactions between buprenorphine and antiretrovirals. II. The protease inhibitors nelfinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ritonavir.

We examined drug interactions between buprenorphine, an opioid partial agonist available by prescription for treatment of opioid dependence, and the protease inhibitors (PIs) nelfinavir (NFV), ritonavir (RTV), and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/R). Opioid-dependent, buprenorphine/naloxone-maintained, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative volunteers (n = 10 per PI) participated in 24-h pharmacokinetic studies, before and after administration of each PI. Symptoms of opiate withdrawal and excess were determined before and after PI administration. PI pharmacokinetics were determined and compared between opiate-dependent participants and healthy control participants (n = 15 per PI). Administration of RTV, but not of NFV or LPV/ R, resulted in a significant increase in the buprenorphine area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Symptoms of opiate excess, however, were not observed. Buprenorphine had no significant effects on PI AUC. Adjustments of doses of either buprenorphine or NFV, LPV/R, or RTV are not likely to be necessary when these drugs are administered for the treatment of opioid dependence and HIV disease.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PAYDAY LOAN CUSTOMERS

One of the most rapidly growing and controversial forms of consumer lending to recently emerge in the marketplace has been payday advances. This form of credit allowsthe borrower to obtain asmallamountof cashforashort periodof time. Claims of predatory lending often arise due to the high annual percentage rates that result from the fees for borrowing small amounts of money for 2 wk or less. By analyzing the data collected in a national survey of payday customers, this research allows policymakers to better understand what type of consumer borrows from payday lenders, for what purpose, and what the true benefits and costs are. The results confirm a strong demand for payday loans that satisfy a real financial need within a certain segment of the population. (JEL D12, D18, G20)
A tunable cavity-locked diode laser source for terahertz photomixing

An all solid-state approach to the precise frequency synthesis and control of widely tunable terahertz radiation by differencing continuous-wave diode lasers at 850 nm is reported in this paper. The difference frequency is synthesized by three fiber-coupled external-cavity laser diodes. Two of the lasers are Pound-Drever-Hall locked to different orders of a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, and the third is offset-frequency locked to the second of the cavity-locked lasers using a tunable microwave oscillator. The first cavity-locked laser and the offset-locked laser produce the difference frequency, whose value is accurately determined by the sum of an integer multiple of the free spectral range of the FP cavity and the offset frequency. The dual-frequency 850-nm output of the three laser system is amplified to 500 mW through two-frequency injection seeding of a single semiconductor tapered optical amplifier. As proof of precision frequency synthesis and control of tunability, the difference frequency is converted into a terahertz wave by optical-heterodyne photomixing in low-temperature-grown GaAs and used for the spectroscopy of simple molecules. The 3-dB spectral power bandwidth of the terahertz radiation is routinely observed to be /spl lsim/1 MHz. A simple, but highly accurate, method of obtaining an absolute frequency calibration is proposed and an absolute calibration of 10/sup -7/ demonstrated using the known frequencies of carbon monoxide lines between 0.23-1.27 THz.
Galileo's trial to reopen

he Roman Catholic Church appears ready to admit officially that the earth is not the center of the universe. After a 347-year ‘hiatus,’ the church will reopen the heresy trial of the astronomer Galileo, who was persecuted for mathematically proving that the earth moves around the sun. The decision to reopen the trial was made by Pope John Paul II. Although Copernicus first postulated that the earth was not the center of the universe, it was Galileo who provided the mathematical proof. Galileo avoided the Inquisition's death sentence by renouncing his conclusions.
Bone--special problems of the craniofacial region.

Structured Abstract Authors – Herring SW, Ochareon P Problems – The craniofacial region presents special problems for tissue engineering. First, the stresses and strains that engineered tissues will encounter are mostly unknown. Second, if tissue engineering is to be useful in ameliorating craniofacial anomalies, it will have to mimic the growth activity of the native tissues. These problems are interrelated in that bone growth responds to loading conditions. Methods – Our work uses miniature technology to measure skull deformation during function in the miniature pig. Growth is quantified in the same animals by labeling replicating cells with bromodeoxyuridine and newly mineralized bone with fluorochromes. The mandibular condyle and the cranial sutures are both candidate areas for tissue engineering, and craniofacial periosteum is a promising graft material. Results – The condyle is compressed by the reaction load at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Cell divisions in the perichondrium are negatively correlated with bone strain. Craniofacial sutures deform during function much more than adjacent bones, and strains can be either tensile or compressive. In contrast to expectation, functional tension is not correlated with sutural growth rate. However, functional strain does predict sutural morphology, with compressed sutures showing complex interdigitation. Periosteum shows striking differences between resorptive and appositional surfaces. The resorptive medial side of the zygomatic arch is under pressure during function. Tensile strain perpendicular to the surface is probably greater on the temporal than on the zygomatic bone, thus correlating with more rapid periosteal apposition on the temporal. Conclusion – Engineered implants may be more likely to succeed if their architecture suits the strain environment in which they will function.
Pulsatile prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia due to presumed pituitary stalk interruption.

PRL, like other anterior pituitary hormones, is normally secreted in a pulsatile fashion. However, it is not known whether such pulses depend on dopamine and/or other hypothalamic factors. This question can be addressed by investigating patients with large pituitary mass lesions, since such patients often have hyperprolactinemia due to disruption of normal hypothalamic input to the pituitary gland. Six such patients (5 with non-PRL-secreting tumors and 1 with a craniopharyngioma) and 11 healthy control subjects had PRL levels measured every 15 min over 24 h. PRL pulses were located by cluster analysis. All patients had PRL pulses of normal frequency, but increased amplitude. Circadian variation in PRL pulse amplitude, present in healthy women, was abolished in tumor patients. These results imply that normal pituitary levels of dopamine do not control the generation of PRL pulses. Instead, PRL pulses may arise from the pituitary gland, with pulse amplitude and circadian rhythm modulation by dopamine and ot...
The L-phenylalanine and L-valine requirement of the turkey poult and the utilization of their D-isomers.

Abstract A PURIFIED diet in which a crystalline amino acid mixture served as the sole source of amino nitrogen was developed for the turkey poult by Snetsinger et al. (1962). This diet afforded the opportunity to study the poult’s requirements for amino acids other than those which are deficient in natural proteins. In addition, the free substitution of amino acids permissible in the amino acid mixture permitted the study of the utilization of d -isomers of amino acids over a wide range of dietary levels. In the report presented here the l -phenylalanine and l -valine requirement of poults fed a crystalline amino acid mixture were studied. The comparative utilization of d - or dl -mixtures of these two amino acids was also investigated. No information on the quantitative requirement of the poult for phenylalanine or valine is available, although a report by Vohra and Kratzer (1959) indicated that phenylalanine is a dietary essential amino acid for…
Contribution of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides to Atypical Odors of Beef Strip Loins

Sterile beef strip loin tissue was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum or Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, placed in sterile sample bottles which were purged with CO2, and stored up to 28 days at 3°C. Volatile compounds detected in the headspace of these samples included acetone, toluene, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, a C7 hydrocarbon, and trichloromethane. The profile of volatiles in packaged sterile loin tissue stored for up to 28 days was similar. However, the inoculated samples spoiled (soured) at a faster rate.
Developing soft skills to manage user expectations in IT projects: Knowledge reuse among IT project managers

This research explores information technology (IT) project managers’ reuse of knowledge associated with soft skills when managing user expectations. Through interviews with IT project managers, sev...
Sand Impact Tests of a Half-Scale Crew Module Test Article

AbstractAlthough the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is being designed primarily for water landings, the possibility exists of an onshore landing at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) following a launch abort. To obtain data to evaluate the adequacy of sand material models used in beach landing simulations, sand impact tests were conducted at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LRC). Both vertical drop tests and swing tests with combined vertical and horizontal velocity were performed onto beds of common construction-grade sand using a geometrically scaled crew module test article. The tests were simulated using the explicit, nonlinear, transient dynamic finite-element code LS-DYNA. The shape of the test article was similar to a scaled crew module, but the structure was much heavier and was sufficiently robust to survive multiple impacts without permanent deformation. The focus was the sand model, not the structural response of the test article. The sand material ...
Templated epitaxial coatings on magnesium aluminate spinel using the sol-gel method

Polycrystalline magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel has attractive properties for a range of applications including radomes, windows, and ballistic protection. A wet chemical approach using solutions of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Mg(NO3)2 · 6H2O in 2-methoxy-ethanol (2-MOE) and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O) in ethylene glycol, was developed for spin coating on coarse-grain, polycrystalline spinel substrates. The coated substrates were subjected to isothermal heat treatments in the temperature range 1000–1400 °C, and subsequently examined using low voltage scanning electron microscopy, EBSD (electron back scattered diffraction), and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that for annealing at 1200–1400 °C, the coatings were converted to crystalline MgAl2O4 which was epitaxial with the substrate grains. Heat treatment at lower temperatures, however, resulted in porous, fine-grained polycrystalline coatings. Thermal faceting of the grain surfaces was observed to occur. The observations suggest that faceting occurs preferentially on {100} and {110} planes. The morphology of the faceting was discussed in terms of the reported relative surface energy values for the low index planes in MgAl2O4 spinel. Finally, the influence of the coating process on spinel substrates which had been lightly abraded prior to spin coating was investigated.
Effect of implant dose on formation of buried-oxide Si islands in low-dose SIMOX

There are still important issues that remain on the microstructure of low-dose SIMOX that may affect its quality and performance as an SOI material. These issues include the presence of crystalline defects in the top Si layer and the presence of Si islands in the buried oxide (BOX) which can severely degrade dielectric properties. While the reasons for crystalline defect formation have been recently determined, the mechanism(s) of Si island formation in the BOX are still unclear. Such understanding could assist in improved processing for fabricating high quality BOX layers in low-dose SIMOX. In this paper we report on the effect of implant dose on the microstructural changes found during Si island formation.
Preventing recurrent depression using cognitive therapy with and without a continuation phase: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cognitive therapy (CT) may reduce depressive relapse and recurrence when patients learn and use the associated skills. Reported relapse and recurrence rates after CT discontinuation vary widely. The factors that determine when CT is preventive remain unidentified. We developed continuation-phase CT (C-CT) to teach responders skills to prevent relapse. This is the first randomized trial comparing CT with and without a continuation phase in responders to CT who were vulnerable, given their history of recurrent unipolar depression. Methods: Patients aged 18 to 65 years (n=156) with recurrentDSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) entered 20 sessions of acute-phase CT (A-CT). Unmedicated responders (ie, no MDD and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≤9; n=84) were randomized to either 8 months (10 sessions) of C-CT or control (evaluation without CT). Follow-up lasted an additional 16 months. A clinician blind to assignment evaluated relapse and recurrence (ie, DSM-IV MDD). Results: Over an 8-month period, C-CT significantly reduced relapse estimates more than control (10% vs 31%). Over 24 months, including the CT-free follow-up, age of onset and quality of remission during the late phase of A-CT each interacted with condition assignment to influence durability of effects. In patients with early-onset MDD, C-CT significantly reduced relapse and recurrence estimates (16% vs 67% in control). When patients had unstable remission during late A-CT, C-CT significantly reduced relapse and recurrence estimates to 37% (vs 62% in control). Conclusions: Findings suggest that 8 months of C-CT significantly reduces relapse and recurrence in the highest-risk patients with recurrent MDD. Risk factors influenced the necessity for C-CT.
PMMA/silica nanocomposite studies: Synthesis and properties

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/silica nanocomposites are prepared by solution polymerization in this project and the resulting materials are subjected to characterization to evaluate thermal, mechanical, and fire properties. IR results show that both (3-acryloxypropyl)methydimethoxy-silane (APMDMOS) and (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMOS) can serve as reagents for the surface modification of silica, while APTMOS performed better than APMDMOS for the modification of the silica surface. Mechanical properties of PMMA/silica nanocomposites prepared by solution blending showed decreased tensile strength and elongation at break, while materials from solution polymerization performed better than PMMA itself. Moreover, all prepared samples have shown improved thermal stabilities versus PMMA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3844–3850, 2004
A Study of V3+/4+ Levels in Semi-insulating 6H-SiC using Optical Admittance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopies

The purpose of this study is to identify the vanadium acceptor levels in semi-insulating (SI) 6H-SiC using optical admittance spectroscopy (OAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. OAS conductance peaks near at 0.67 ± 0.02 eV and 0.70 ± 0.02 eV are identified as V3+/4+ levels at the quasi-cubic sites. An OAS peak at 0.87 eV is assigned to the same transition at the hexagonal site. EPR measurements before illumination revealed the characteristic spectrum of V3+. The presence of the V3+ signal supports the identification of the OAS peaks as transitions from the V3+/4+ level to the conduction band. Photo-induced EPR measurements reveal a change in the intensity of V3+ and V4+ at 0.8 ± 0.1 eV, where the amplitude of the V3+ charge state decreases and that of V4+ increases by approximately equal amounts. Although the individual sites are not resolved in the photo-induced EPR data, the 0.8 eV feature strongly supports the assignment of the three OAS peaks as acceptor levels.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors

The identification of growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and maturation of hematologic cells has been a major advance in the fields of hematology and oncology. Production of these growth factors for clinical use has had a significant impact in these and other fields by reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with diseases and treatments. Availability of these growth factors has also expanded the treatment options for many patients, particularly those with malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, the use of hematopoietic growth factors has resulted in improved quality of life for many patients.
Amplitude Squeezing of the Fundamental Field by Means of Traveling-Wave Quasi-Phasematched Second-Harmonic Generation in a LiNbO3 Waveguide

We have demonstrated amplitude squeezing of the fundamental field at 1.55 μm in single-pass second-harmonic generation using a 30-mm-long single-mode waveguide fabricated in periodically-poled lithium niobate. Squeezing of 0.7 ± 0.1 dB was observed with less than 1 mW of average input fundamental power.
Melatonin attenuates the vestibulosympathetic but not vestibulocollic reflexes in humans: selective impairment of the utricles

Melatonin has been reported to decrease nerve activity of medial vestibular nuclei in the rat and is associated with attenuated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to baroreceptor unloading in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if melatonin alters the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) and vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) in humans. In study 1, MSNA, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in 12 healthy subjects (28 ± 1 yr; 6 men, 6 women) during head-down rotation (HDR) before and 45 min after ingestion of either melatonin (3 mg) or placebo (sucrose). Subjects returned at least 2 days later at the same time of day to repeat the trial after ingesting the opposite treatment (melatonin or placebo). Melatonin significantly attenuated MSNA responses during HDR compared with placebo (burst frequency Δ 4 ± 1 vs. Δ 7 ± 1 bursts/min, and total MSNA Δ 51 ± 20 and Δ 96 ± 15%, respectively; P < 0.02). In study 2, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were measured in 10 healthy subjects (26 ± 1 yr; 4 men and 6 women) before and after ingestion of 3 mg melatonin. Melatonin did not alter the timing of the p13 and n23 peaks (pre-melatonin 13.2 ± 0.4 and 21.3 ± 0.6 ms vs. post-melatonin 13.5 ± 0.4 and 21.4 ± 0.7 ms, respectively) or the p13-n23 interpeak amplitudes [pre-melatonin 22.5 ± 4.6 arbitrary units (au) and post-melatonin 22.7 ± 4.6 au]. In summary, melatonin attenuates the VSR and supports the concept that melatonin negatively affects orthostatic tolerance. However, melatonin does not alter the VCR in humans suggesting melatonin's effect on the VSR appears to be mediated by the utricles.
Creation of the ASHP residency accreditation program: The choices of early leaders

When columnist George Will[1][1] recently wrote about the 150th anniversary of the Civil War battle at Gettysburg, he said, “Studying history serves democracy by highlighting contingencies. Things did not need to turn out the way they did; choices matter.” Studying history also serves pharmacy
Unfolding Case‐Based Practicum Curriculum Infusing Crisis, Trauma, and Disaster Preparation

The authors evaluated an unfolding case-based approach to a practicum in counseling course infusing crisis, trauma, and disaster preparation for changes in students’ crisis self-efficacy across a semester. The course, informed by constructivist-developmental pedagogy and centered on the unfolding case, resulted in significant increases in students’ crisis self-efficacy.
Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage

A substantial amount of global carbon is stored in mature trees. However, no experiments to date test how warming affects mature tree carbon storage. Using a unique, citywide, factorial experiment, we investigated how warming and insect herbivory affected physiological function and carbon sequestration (carbon stored per year) of mature trees. Urban warming increased herbivorous arthropod abundance on trees, but these herbivores had negligible effects on tree carbon sequestration. Instead, urban warming was associated with an estimated 12% loss of carbon sequestration, in part because photosynthesis was reduced at hotter sites. Ecosystem service assessments that do not consider urban conditions may overestimate urban tree carbon storage. Because urban and global warming are becoming more intense, our results suggest that urban trees will sequester even less carbon in the future.
Fungal Cell Cycle: A Unicellular versus Multicellular Comparison

All cells must accurately replicate DNA and partition it to daughter cells. The basic cell cycle machinery is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Most of the mechanisms that control the cell cycle were worked out in fungal cells, taking advantage of their powerful genetics and rapid duplication times. Here we describe the cell cycles of the unicellular budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the multicellular filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. We compare and contrast morphological landmarks of G1, S, G2, and M phases, molecular mechanisms that drive cell cycle progression, and checkpoints in these model unicellular and multicellular fungal systems.
Rates of Complications and Secondary Surgeries After In Situ Cubital Tunnel Release Compared With Ulnar Nerve Transposition: A Retrospective Review.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to contrast the rate and types of complications and secondary surgeries for in situ cubital tunnel release and ulnar nerve transposition. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed by query of hospital billing records for all patients who underwent cubital tunnel surgery from August 2008 to July 2013, yielding 421 patients. Exclusion criteria were acute trauma, revision surgery, neoplasm, age younger than 18 years, incomplete records, and postoperative follow-up less than 3 months. Of the remaining 234 patients, 147 patients underwent 157 in situ cubital tunnel releases and 87 patients underwent 90 ulnar nerve transpositions. Results In 157 in situ cubital tunnel releases, there were 6 complications (3.8%), including 3 cases (1.9%) of ulnar nerve instability, 2 cases (1.3%) of postoperative infection, and 1 case (0.6%) of a postoperative seroma. In 90 ulnar nerve transpositions, there were 2 complications (2.2%), including 1 case (1.1%) of postoperative infection and 1 case (1.1%) of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury. The secondary surgery rate was 5.7% overall, 2.5% for in situ cubital tunnel release, and 11.1% for ulnar nerve transposition. Chronic kidney disease was associated with complication after cubital tunnel surgery. Prior trauma to the elbow and ulnar nerve transposition were associated with secondary surgery. Conclusions The short-term complication rates of cubital tunnel surgery are low (3.2%), but higher for patients with chronic kidney disease. The secondary surgery rate after cubital tunnel surgery was 5.7% overall, but higher for patients with prior elbow trauma and for patients undergoing ulnar nerve transposition. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
The weapons effect on wheels: Motorists drive more aggressively when there is a gun in the vehicle

Abstract In discussions about guns, one factor rarely considered is the fact that merely seeing a gun can increase aggression. This effect—called the “weapons effect”—was first demonstrated in a 1967 study, and has been replicated many times since then. The present experiment used a driving simulator to provide a novel test of the weapons effect. One of the most dangerous activities people engage in is driving a vehicle, and survey studies indicate that driving might be more dangerous if there is a gun in the vehicle. In this experiment, participants ( N = 60) were randomly assigned to drive a frustrating driving scenario with a gun or a tennis racket in the vehicle's passenger seat. Participants drove more aggressively when there was a gun in the vehicle than when there was a tennis racket in the vehicle. These findings suggest that the mere presence of a gun can make drivers more aggressive.
Feasibility of Intracorporeal Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Appendiceal Interposition for Ureteral Stricture Disease: A Case Report.

Objective To describe a robotic-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) technique for using the appendix to repair ureteral stricture disease Materials and Methods A case of a patient presenting with a 5-cm obliterative right ureteral stricture was reviewed, and surgical technique, complications, and outcomes were reported. Results Our patient developed a right-sided 5-cm obliterative ureteral stricture secondary to recurrent stone disease and pyelonephritis. He underwent an uncomplicated RAL repair of his stricture with interposition of the appendix between the 2 segments of ureter. Operative time was just over 6 hours, blood loss was minimal, and there were no complications. A 10-month follow-up showed resolution of hydronephrosis with no flank pain. Conclusion We report our initial experience with this procedure and believe that RAL appendiceal interposition for ureteral stricture disease presents an excellent option for reconstruction.
An Active Diode Full-Wave Charge Pump for Low Acceleration Infrastructure-Based Non-Periodic Vibration Energy Harvesting

An active diode IC-based full-wave charge pump is presented. It interfaces to a vibration harvester designed for low acceleration non-periodic bridge vibrations. The charge pump’s unique architecture uses only two comparators to switch the charge pump’s eight stages. This architecture reduces power and allows for a novel passive diode switching technique that also enables a reduction in the turn-on voltage. This switching technique initially functions based only on the AC input without a DC supply. This architecture is used to enable cold start-up using the charge pump’s external $100~{\mu }\text{F}$ capacitors. These large capacitors create a stable power supply for start-up from one low voltage AC input based off of bridge vibrations that are random and infrequent. Its rectification circuitry is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS on a 1.2 mm2 die. The circuit inputs, generated using a shaker table, are periodic sine-waves or non-periodic mechanical frequency up-converted vibration harvester outputs. Measurements show that the diode drop reduction allows cold start-up and boosting to >1.5 V with low power ( $\sim 8.5~{\mu }\text{W}$ ) non-periodic harvester outputs or 220 mV open circuit voltage periodic (~100 Hz) inputs. This IC demonstrates ~50% efficiency with an up-conversion-based harvester and ${\sim } 1~{\mu }\text{W}$ active power dissipation.
A simulation study for residential electricity user behavior under dynamic variable pricing with demand charge

ABSTRACTAttempting to increase energy efficiency and improve system load factors in an electricity distribution system, Demand Response (DR) has long been proposed and implemented as a form of load management. Various pricing structures incentivizing consumers to shift energy consumption from on-peak to off-peak periods are evident in this field. Most DR methods currently used in practice belong to static variable pricing (e.g., Time of Use, Critical Peak Pricing) and the impact of such tariffs has been well established. However, dynamic variable pricing in general is less studied and much less practiced in the field, due to the lack of understanding of consumer behavior in response to price uncertainty. In this article, we study a novel dynamic variable pricing scheme that uses the coincident demand charge to reduce load consumption during peak events. We employ a multi-attribute utility function and model predictive control to simulate consumer behavior of utility maximization in home energy consumption...
The role of disambiguation in pragmatic agentivity: Evidence from Khatso

Pragmatic agentivity is widespread in the Tibeto-Burman family. Some analyses suggest that its main purpose is to mark the agent in structurally ambiguous clauses, such as those in which agents and patients share the same degree of animacy or where the patient is absent due to zero anaphora. Others question the role of disambiguation, pointing out that it is often superfluous or inconsistent in resolving the agent role and thus likely not the primary purpose. Instead, disambiguation is seen as an outcome of highlighting agency, volition or choice. Exploring the multiple discourse functions of the agent marker in Khatso (Burmese-Ngwi; Yunnan, China), this paper shows that disambiguation is the primary motivation for marking agents, a feature that becomes more important in newer functions. This analysis builds on previous studies and broadens our understanding of the phenomenon in the Tibeto-Burman family.
Synthesis, Reactivity, Functionalization, and ADMET Properties of Silicon-Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles.

Silicon-containing compounds have been largely ignored in drug design and development, despite their potential to improve not only the potency but also the physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties of drug-like candidates because of the unique characteristics of silicon. This deficiency is in large part attributable to a lack of general methods for synthesizing diverse organosilicon structures. Accordingly, a new building block strategy has been developed that diverges from traditional approaches to incorporation of silicon into drug candidates. Flexible, multi-gram-scale syntheses of silicon-containing tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline building blocks are described, along with methods by which diversely functionalized silicon-containing nitrogen heterocycles can be rapidly built using common reactions optimized to accommodate the properties of silicon. Furthermore, to better clarify the liabilities and advantages of silicon incorporation...
Database Management: Principles and Products

I. DBMS CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES. 1. The Industry Today. 2. Overview of Database Models. 3. Major Components and Functions. 4. The Relational Database Approach. 5. Introduction to SQL. II. CONTEMPORARY DBMS TECHNOLOGIES. 6. Client/Server Environments. 7. Distributed Databases. 8. Replication or Copy Management Services. 9. Middleware. 10. Parallelism. III. COMMERCIAL RELATIONAL DBMS PRODUCTS. 11. Introduction and Sample Database. 12. IBM's DB2. 13. Tandem's NonStop SQL. 14. Oracle's Oracle. 15. Sybase's SQL Server. 16. Computer Associates' CA-OpenIngres. IV. OBJECT ORIENTATION AND DBMSs. 17. The Object DBMS Approach. 18. The Extended Relational and Hybrid Approaches.
Interfacing Biology and Systems Analysis in Pest Management

Mathematical techniques for analysing population processes and designing pest management programs can be loosely divided into two broad categories: agroecosystem analysis, and statistical decision theory. Here the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are presented. Methodologies are discussed for using systems analysis to design pest management programs and for developing computer software to implement these programs. Although the material presented here deals with the general problem of interfacing biology and mathematics in the context of pest management, the discussions and examples focus to some extent on questions relating to fruit fly management.
Biologically inspired technologies for aeronautics

Abstract: Through evolution and employing principles of all the science and engineering fields, Nature addressed its challenges by trial and error and came up with inventions that work well and last. Technology inspired by Nature is known as biomimetics and offers enormous potential for many exciting capabilities. Biomimetics can be as simple as copying fins for swimming, and is providing numerous benefits, including the development of prosthetics that closely mimic real limbs. The focus of this chapter is on the aerospace-related innovations that were inspired by Nature, and it covers various examples, the potentials and the challenges.
Thinking Postcognitively about Depression

The resurgence of the cognitive perspective in the early 1970s was so strong that it became widely described as the “cognitive revolution” (Dember, 1974). More than a decade later, there still has been little in the way of critical response or sober reevaluation of the enthusiastic claims and polemics that accompanied this shift in perspective. As measured by the continued outpouring of articles, chapters, books, and even new journals, the cognitive perspective is clearly in ascendance in clinical psychology, as well as much of the rest of the discipline. Dissent is muted, and, with the exception of the perennial question of the causal priority of cognition over emotion (Lazarus, 1984; Zajonc, 1984), there is little in the way of spirited theoretical debate. On the rare occasions when theoretical disagreements do occur, they are largely confined to minor issues arising within the cognitive perspective, rather than representing any challenge to the basic assumptions of the perspective.
A Hospital-Based Initiative to Reduce Postdischarge Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUID) most often occur because infants are placed in unsafe sleep environments. Although authors of previous literature have demonstrated that parents who receive comprehensive safe sleep education increase knowledge and intention to place children in safe sleep environments, no studies have demonstrated improved outcomes. We describe the development of a hospital-based newborn SUID risk reduction quality improvement project and its effectiveness in reducing subsequent SUIDs in a community using linked outcome data from local Child Fatality Review Teams. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of a long-term iterative performance improvement intervention for a nursery-based comprehensive safe sleep program in a community teaching hospital. Key themes and exemplary comments were noted. The rate of infant deaths per 1000 births was the primary quantitative outcome. The rate is calculated quarterly and monitored with control charts by using Child Fatality Review data about infant sleep deaths. RESULTS: The average death rate fell from 1.08 infants per 1000 births preintervention to 0.48 infants per 1000 births after complete intervention, and the average number of deaths between deliveries increased from 1 in every 584 deliveries (upper control limit: 3371) to 1 in every 1420 deliveries (upper control limit: 8198). Qualitative observation of nursery providers revealed 3 themes, including routine inclusion of sleep safety information, dissemination of safety information by all staff, and personal commitment to success. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive sleep safety culture change can be effectively integrated into a nursery setting over time by using feedback from Child Fatality Review and performance improvement methodology. Repeated messaging and education by the entire nursery staff has the potential to play a role in reducing sleep-related deaths in infants born at their hospital.
Entanglement entropy in lattice theories with Abelian gauge groups

We revisit the issue of the geometrical separability of the Hilbert space of physical states on lattice Abelian theories in the context of entanglement entropy. We discuss the conditions under which vectors in the Hilbert space, as well as the gauge-invariant algebra, admit a tensor product decomposition with a geometrical interpretation. With the exception of pure gauge lattices with periodic boundary conditions which contain topological degrees of freedom, we show that the Hilbert space is geometrically separable.
The US Census Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Datasets

Over the last several years, the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics program at the US Census Bureau has partnered with state labor market information offices to produce a collection of extremely rich datasets based on linked employer-employee records. These datasets, available free for download from the program website, offer exceptionally detailed information on a number of topics of interest to regional scientists, including migration, local labor market dynamics, and the spatial distribution of employment. This article describes the process by which these data are generated, the different publicly available datasets, and examples of research in regional science that is already using these data.
Controlling interface structure in nanoglasses produced through hydrostatic compression of amorphous nanoparticles

Controlling glass-glass interfaces in metallic nanoglasses is essential for tuning their mechanical properties and in particular, the ability to inhibit severe strain localization through distributed shear band formation. In this paper, molecular dynamics are employed to quantify the structural characteristics of interfaces in a scalable nanoglass model produced through hydrostatic compression of amorphous nanoparticles. Using a framework for distinguishing interfaces from amorphous grains based on the correlation between dilatation and atomic volume distributions, we show that the interfaces in our nanoglass model exhibit a volume fraction of 0.36, a width of approximately 2 nm, excess free volume of 1--2%, and full icosahedral (FI) fraction roughly 30% that of a bulk metallic glass counterpart. While these characteristics are quantitatively unique relative to other nanoglass models (e.g., planar interfaces and Poisson-Voronoi constructions), they are consistent with experimental results reported for nanoglasses consolidated from glassy nanoparticles produced through inert gas condensation. Increasing the consolidation temperature enhanced the FI fraction with a strong bias to the interfaces, thus demonstrating a route for tuning interfacial properties in nanoglasses.
Género de periodistas e influencia: Efectos sobre la gravedad percibida del acoso sexual

Can journalistic coverage of gender issues affect the opinions of its readers and thus promote social change? In this process, are male and female journalists equally influential? To answer this, I conducted an experiment was conducted in which the perceived gender of a journalist who talks about sexual harassment was manipulated to measure its effect on the readers’ opinions of readers about the severity of this social problem. The results indicate that men are more influential, relationship a result that remains statistically significant among female participants, who also feel more compassion for victims of sexual harassment.
Vulvar Melanocytic Lesions

Pigmented lesions arising in the lower female genital tract most commonly are found on the vulva and rarely in the vagina. Perigenital and genital pigmented lesions are identified in up to 10–12% of women in a primary care setting. Pigmented lesions do not always correspond to a melanocytic neoplasm; inflammatory processes, squamous lesions, and vascular lesions may all mimic melanocytic proliferations. This chapter seeks to provide an overview of the salient clinical and histologic features of various pigmented melanocytic lesions of the vulva.
Captive Anzacs: Australian POWs of the Ottomans during the First World War (the Australian army history series): by Kate Ariotti, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 222 pp., $59.99 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-1071-9864-7

Based on the author’s PhD dissertation, Captive Anzacs examines the experiences of Australian prisoners of war (POWs) in the Ottoman Empire. Ariotti goes further to explore the national and interna...