cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recollection can be weak and familiarity can be strong.

The remember–know procedure is widely used to investigate recollection and familiarity in recognition memory, but almost all of the results obtained with that procedure can be readily accommodated by a unidimensional model based on signal-detection theory. The unidimensional model holds that remember judgments reflect strong memories (associated with high confidence, high accuracy, and fast reaction times), whereas know judgments reflect weaker memories (associated with lower confidence, lower accuracy, and slower reaction times). Although this is invariably true on average, a new 2-dimensional account (the continuous dual-process model) suggests that remember judgments made with low confidence should be associated with lower old–new accuracy but higher source accuracy than know judgments made with high confidence. We tested this prediction—and found evidence to support it—using a modified remember–know procedure in which participants were first asked to indicate a degree of recollection-based or familiarity-based confidence for each word presented on a recognition test and were then asked to recollect the color (red or blue) and screen location (top or bottom) associated with the word at study. For familiarity-based decisions, old–new accuracy increased with old–new confidence, but source accuracy did not (suggesting that stronger old–new memory was supported by higher degrees of familiarity). For recollection-based decisions, both old–new accuracy and source accuracy increased with old–new confidence (suggesting that stronger old–new memory was supported by higher degrees of recollection). These findings suggest that recollection and familiarity are continuous processes and that participants can indicate which process mainly contributed to their recognition
The Stress of Immigration and the Daily Lived Experiences of Jordanian Immigrant Women in the United States

Literature specifically focused on women as immigrants and on the nature and quality of the immigrant experience is limited. Similarly, in spite of early Arab immigration to the different regions of the world, there is a limited knowledge base regarding the dynamics and problems involved in their integration into their new society. In this article we describe the lived experiences of Jordanian women who immigrated to the United States and the focus is on providing an in-depth account of their perceived stressors as related to their immigration experience. Thirty Jordanian American women, all wives and mothers with a mean age of 45, were interviewed. Three major themes of the sources and contexts of stress emerged from the narrative and qualitative data analyses of their responses. Women experienced many challenges and stressors surrounding their work in the daily living of settling in, in their quest for ethnic continuity, and in their attempts to re-create familiarity. Social and health support resources cannot be created without careful attention to these themes.
Polarization controlled ferroelectric high strain actuators

The simple phenomenological relation which relates elastic and dielectric properties in an insulating crystalline dielectric takes the form
All hospitals are not equal for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Over the past several years, mounting evidence has shown that emergent angiography and primary angioplasty (or perhaps more appropriately named primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) are superior to treatment with thrombolytic therapy and watchful waiting for treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).1,2 This is particularly true for patients at high risk for death (eg, those >70 years of age), those who present to hospital late (≥4 hours after AMI), and those with prior myocardial infarction or diabetes.3 Primary PCI has advantages of higher initial TIMI 3 flow rates, less reocclusion, and less recurrent ischemia and reinfarction when compared with thrombolytic drug treatment and watchful waiting. Emergent angiography also permits early risk stratification, assessment of left ventricular function, and identification of other complications. In addition, early intervention has also been shown to be the best therapeutic option in patients with moderate and high-risk features who have non–ST-elevation infarction.4–6 See p 1809 Today, in this country as well as in others, most patients with AMI are admitted to suburban or rural hospitals, many without catheterization labs and many more without angioplasty facilities. Although long ago, we decided that the treatment of serious trauma was best done in specialized centers, patients with AMI, despite an overall mortality rate of ≥10%, are managed in any hospital with a coronary care unit. Few are transferred at the time of admission, and most receive thrombolytic therapy and then watchful waiting for complications. First, it has been generally held that the delay in transferring a patient to a tertiary center for primary PCI would more than offset any treatment advantage favoring emergent catheterization. Second, both physicians and hospital administrators in these smaller centers are reluctant to close their doors to patients with acute infarction, as it makes the hospital appear “second rate,” and many …
Lack of kin discrimination during wasp colony fission

The tightly integrated, cooperative nature of social insect colonies can be threatened by kin-selected conflicts among colony mates. Some conflicts are known to occur when classes of relatives can be distinguished by obvious cues such as sex. However, less is known about the more pervasive and potentially destructive conflicts that would arise if individuals could generally recognize and preferentially aid their closest kin within a colony. To study natural discrimination in colonies with many patrilines or matriUnes, where it should be most profitable to individuals, requires good molecular markers. We used microsatellite genotyping to show that a highly polygynous social wasp does not exercise within-colony discrimination in the context of colony fissioning.
Structural complexity and the time course of grammatical development

One traditional view of the time course of language acquisition holds that a child's difficulties in learning her language are due to general processing, memory or conceptual limitations. As the child's cognitive capacities expand, so do her abilities to use her already-acquired grammar or to recognize additional properties of her soon-to-be native language. Recent work in the study of child language, however, has discovered the existence of a number of characteristic stages, transitions between which are best described in the terms of linguistic theory proper. These stages are surprising under a view of language acquisition according to which developmental delay derives from general cognitive limitations, which cannot characterize difficulties explicable only in language-specific terms. At the same time, current linguistic theories so severely restrict the variation among possible human grammars that there remains little reason why there should be any learning problem at all or characteristic developmental stages. In this paper, I propose that these two views can be reconciled. I show that children's difficulties with a wide range of syntactic constructions, which are indeed best defined in linguistic terms, should nonetheless be derived from limitations on the child's ability to deal with processing load and formal representational complexity. I suggest however that this can be done only in the context of a particular view of syntactic representation, one which is articulated in the terms of the formal system of tree adjoining grammar (TAG). I demonstrate how precisely those difficulties that children experience in the acquisition of relative clauses, adjectival modification, control constructions, raising, wh-questions and the obligatoriness of finite inflection can be traced to the complexity associated with one of the TAG combinatory operations, adjoining. This proposal relates this apparently disparate set of constructions in a novel way and provides us with a new type of explanation for the time course of syntactic development in terms of the complexity of formal grammatical devices.
An expert system for network management

The authors propose a generalized architecture for an expert system to manage the resources of a computer network and/or a distributed system. The authors apply the proposed architecture to construct an expert system for allocating the resources needed by a task in a distributed computing environment. The resources are allocated such that the system load and the average delay of executing a task are optimized. The authors present an approach to evaluate the average delay incurred during the execution of a distributed task that requires the cooperation of several computers. These computers and their resources are distributed over the network. The resources needed for the execution of a task are allocated such that system load and the task delay incurred during its execution are optimized. >
The HomeBox: a web content creation tool for the developing world

This paper describes the implementation and testing of the HomeBox, a prototype that seeks to provide a cost effective and scalable means for allowing users in the developing world to publish on the Web. It identifies the key requirements for such a design by drawing lessons from a variety of sources including two studies of networked community projects in Africa and South America. It. It ends with a discussion of possible design developments and plans for field trails in the Dominican Republic.
Analysis of coupled microstrip patch resonators printed on anisotropic substrates

Coupled microstrip patch resonators printed on anisotropic substrates are analyzed using the spectral domain method. Both permittivity and permeability tensors of the substrate are included in the formulation of the resonator problem. Appropriate basis functions with built-in edge conditions are constructed and their 3D plots are shown. Resonant frequencies of this structure are examined as functions of microstrip dimension variations in both x and z directions, under several orientations of the material principal axes. >
Holographic grating relaxation studies of probe diffusion in amorphous polymers

Probe diffusion of camphorquinone, thymoquinone, and diacetyl in polymers was studied by the laser-induced holographic grating relaxation (HGR) technique in polymers. The effects of changing the probe size and various parameters of the polymer, such as the molecular weight, chain conformation, and the glass transition temperature, on the probe diffusion coefficient have been investigated. Furthermore, effects of cross-linking and plasticizing the chains of the polymer host on the probe diffusion coefficient were also studied. Temperature-dependent studies show that except for the very low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate), all probe diffusion coefficient data above the glass transition temperature fit well to the WLF equation. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ACC/AHA guidelines: A-, B-, C-, and D-based approach to chronic heart failure therapy

This article summarizes the rationale for and major clinical points of the recently updated ACC/AHA guidelines for management of chronic heart failure in the adult.
Early Pleistocene Glacial Cycles and the Integrated Summer Insolation Forcing

Long-term variations in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation are generally thought to control glaciation. But the intensity of summer insolation is primarily controlled by 20,000-year cycles in the precession of the equinoxes, whereas early Pleistocene glacial cycles occur at 40,000-year intervals, matching the period of changes in Earth's obliquity. The resolution of this 40,000-year problem is that glaciers are sensitive to insolation integrated over the duration of the summer. The integrated summer insolation is primarily controlled by obliquity and not precession because, by Kepler's second law, the duration of the summer is inversely proportional to Earth's distance from the Sun.
Apple ACC oxidase: purification and characterization of the enzyme and cloning of its cDNA

ACC oxidase was isolated and purified from ripe apple fruit to an apparent homogeneity with a specific activity of 20 nmol/mg-min. This purified enzyme migrated as a simple band of 35 kDa on SDS-PAGE and of 39 kDa on gel filtration. The enzyme activity, as in vivo, required CO2/HCO3 −; CO2 being the active species. The purified enzyme displayed absolute requirement for Fe2+ and ascorbate. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined to be: ACC + ascorbate + O2 → C2H4 + HCN + dehydroascorbate + CO2. We have recently isolated an apple cDNA, pAE12, which is homologous to tomato ACC oxidase cDNA. The purified enzyme was recognized on Western blot by a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from pAE12. When the purified enzyme was cleaved with CNBr and one of the fragments was sequenced, its sequence matched that predicted from pAE12. When preclimacteric apple fruit was treated with ethylene, parallel increases in in vitro ACC oxidase activity, in vivo ACC oxidase activity and the level of pAE12 transcript were observed. These observations support the conclusion that the isolated ACC oxidase protein is encoded by pAE12.
Cryptococcal immunity and immunostimulation.

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) constitutes one of the major mechanisms by which certain infectious agents are cleared from the body. One disease that generally does not occur in hosts with adequate functional cell-mediated immune mechanisms is cryptococcosis. Recently, however, the numbers of immunocompromised and immunodeficient individuals has been rising due to the expanding use of immunosup-pressive therapies and the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Concomitant with this a significant increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis has occurred (1–3). For example, prior to 1980 there were about 300 cases of cryptococcosis per year in the United States, and now cryptococcosis is diagnosed in 7% of all AIDS patients in the U.S.A. and in 20% of the black AIDS patients (3). Cryptococcosis ranks fourth in the infectious diseases and first in fungal diseases that are responsible for deaths in AIDS patients (1). Thus, there is more impetus now than ever before to gain a sufficient understanding of the protective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response and its regulation so that therapeutic protocols can be devised to supplement or replace the protective immune components in immunocompromised and immunodeficient patients.
Biochemical indices of human vitamin C status

Biochemical indicators of ascorbic acid (AA) status were studied in eleven young adult males fed the same AA deficient diet for 14 wk in a live-in metabolic unit. Supplements of AA were added to the diet to give AA-intake periods of 65 mg/d (2 wk), 5 mg/d (4 wk), 605 mg/d (3 wk), 5 mg/d (4 wk), 605 mg/d (4 d), and 65 mg/d (3 d). Blood plasma, erythrocyte, and leukocyte AA levels all reflected AA intake, however, plasma AA showed less variability than red cell AA levels and was considerably easier to determine than leukocyte AA. Plasma AA values less than 0.40 mg/dL (23 mumol/L) reflected marginal AA status. The daily AA intake calculated to maintain plasma AA levels of at least 0.4 mg/dL (23 mumol/L) in healthy young men was 41 mg. The average AA intake estimated to maximize the total body pool was 138 mg/d. Urine and salivary AA levels were not useful indicators of AA status because urinary AA levels did not discriminate well between adequate and deficient AA intakes and salivary AA levels did not consistently reflect AA intake.
Nanophase copper ferrite using an organic gelation technique

Nanocrystalline copper ferrite (Cu{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2.5}O{sub 4}) was synthesized using a forward strike gelation method with polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a gelating agent. The dried gel was calcined at a low temperature of 400 C to get the final powder. The effect of pH and the ratio of the cation to the carboxylic group in the initial gel were studied with respect to both the phases and the crystallite size of the final powders synthesized. Phase and crystallite size analysis were done using x-ray diffraction and TEM. Saturation magnetization results were obtained using a SQUID magnetometer. The reactions occurring in the nano-size copper ferrite, in air as a function of temperature, were tracked using a dynamic high temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) system.
Ground Support Process Time Refinement for Reusable Launch Vehicle Regeneration Modeling

†To sustain operational effectiveness, the Air Force is invest ing in the research and development of space -based technologies. Ongoing spacelift research efforts are focused on developing operationally responsive Reusable Military Launch Vehicles (RMLV) capable of launching payloads into orbit wit hin hours of a tasking notification. Previous Air Force Research Laboratory -sponsored studies by the Air Force Institute of Technology resulted in the development of the MILEPOST discrete -event simulation model. This model enable s analy sis of RMLV design impacts to responsiveness and manpower requirements. Our current research improve d MILEPOST fidelity by developing parametric models of simulation process times in terms of certain influential factors which affect maintenance task times. Using the MILEP OST conceptual task flow , we develop ed a Work Unit Code structure that provides the means to document key maintenance tasks which will be required for vehicle regeneration between flights . Additionally, we determined that significant parametric relationsh ips exist between task times and certain influential vehicle design and human factors. Incorporated into the MILEPOST model, the identified prediction expressions provide a more precise evaluation of RMLV design alternatives.
Vascular Effects of Photodynamic Therapy

Vascular damage and blood flow stasis are consequences of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of solid tumors using many photosensitizers. Microvascular stasis and resulting hypoxia are effective means to produce cytotoxicity and tumor regression. The observation of blood flow stasis after photodynamic therapy results from a combination of damage to sensitive sites within the microvasculature and the resulting physiological responses to this damage. A generalized hypothesis for the mechanisms leading to vessel stasis begins with perturbation and damage to endothelial cells during light treatment of photosensitized tissues. Endothelial cell damage leads to the establishment of thrombogenic sites within the vessel lumen and this initiates a physiological cascade of responses including platelet aggregation, the release of vasoactive molecules, leukocyte adhesion, increases in vascular permeability, and vessel constriction. These effects from damage combine to produce blood flow stasis.
Serum amyloid P-component levels in amyloidosis, connective tissue diseases, infection, and malignancy as compared to normal serum

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the serum levels of SAP. Sera from 50 normal individuals ranging in age from 4 to 89 years had a mean level of 7.47 mg/dl and showed no variations with age. Sera from persons with various clinical types of amyloidosis, connective tissue diseases, and bacterial pneumonia did not differ significantly from normal values. A significant difference was noted in the sera from persons with malignancy, where a mean value of 10.79 mg/dl was determined. Although a number of similarities exist between SAP and CRP, SAP does not share the property of being an acute-phase reactant.
Importance of Amniotic Fluid in Gastrointestinal Development

Amniotic fluid (AF) is a bioactive medium containing various trophic factors and other nutrients that are necessary for fetal growth and organogenesis. Many trophic factors present in AF are responsible for the development of the fetal gastrointestinal tract. Development and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract is a complex cascade that begins before birth and continues during infancy and childhood by breastfeeding. Many factors, such as genetic preprogramming, local and systemic endocrine secretions, and many trophic factors from swallowed AF, modulate the development and growth of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies are currently examining a potential role of stem cells in AF as a protective agent against the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Preliminary studies suggest that simulated AF may be a possible means of reducing feeding intolerance. In this article, the authors review the various functions of AF and its importance in fetal gastrointestinal tract development. They also examine possible future uses of this extremely important bioactive fluid.
Environmental Temperatures in Southern Texas, USA: Implications for Survival of Baylisascaris procyonis Eggs

Abstract Baylisascaris procyonis is an intestinal nematode of raccoons (Procyon lotor). Within intermediate hosts, larvae can cause visceral, ocular, and neural migrans. Humans, especially children, have become infected after ingestion of larvated eggs at raccoon latrines. Eggs of B. procyonis have a thermal death point of 62 C. During 2012, we assessed the likelihood of thermal lethality on B. procyonis eggs in southern Texas. We recorded temperature every 30 min with data loggers placed on the ground in full sun and in the shade, buried 5 cm underground and the ground surface exposed to full sun or in shade, in attics with and without exhaust fans, in woodpiles, in sheds, in tree crevices, and in cars parked in the sun. Such locations represented common raccoon latrine sites or locations where B. procyonis eggs could be found. In addition, data loggers placed about 135 cm above the ground in full sun and in shade were used as controls to acquire ambient temperature. The hottest month was August (maximum...
Myocardium and Pericardium

A pericardial effusion often appears as a “cold halo” surrounding the heart. Visualization of a pericardial effusion should prompt personal communication with the referring physician and be included in the report.
The ILO Standards with Regard to Developing Countries in the Late 1980s and in Particular Relation to the Circumstances of ASEAN Countries

Developing countries constitute more than two-thirds of the members of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The main task of the ILO is to set international labour standards. With regard to developing countries, it is important for compliance with international labour standards to be integrated into free trade systems in order to form the basis for fair competition (Valticos 1982) However, ILO standards do not always correspond to the circumstances of developing countries. One of the reasons for this is attributed to the ILO’s history. It was founded in 1919 as part of the Versailles Treaty by the 43 participating countries, most of which were developed countries. By 1987, the ILO had adopted 162 Conventions and 172 Recommendations. Most developing countries joined the ILO after gaining independence. Thus, developing countries did not participate fully from the beginning in the standard-setting activities of the ILO. Occasionally, the representatives of developing countries insisted that they could not participate in the standard-setting process because of their financial problems, their particular circumstances regarding human resources and labour administration, and the logistics of dealing with ILO matters (ILO 1977).
Pharmacokinetic advantage of hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal cisplatin and oxaliplatin.

e13066 Background: Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is used to treat peritoneal surface-spreading malignancies in order to maximize local drug concentrations while m...
Biomechanical Responses of Lamina Cribrosa to Intraocular Pressure Change Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure change in anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALD) globally and regionally in glaucoma eyes at different intraocular pressures (IOP). Methods Twenty-seven glaucoma patients were imaged before and after IOP-lowering procedures using optical coherence tomography. The anterior lamina was marked in approximately 25 locations in each of six radial scans to obtain global and regional estimates of ALD. ALD and its change with IOP were compared with optic disc damage, nerve fiber layer thickness, and visual field loss. Results Variables associated with deeper baseline ALD included larger cup/disc ratio, thinner rim area, larger cup volume, thinner central corneal thickness, and male sex (all P ≤ 0.02). When IOP was lowered, ALD position became more anterior, more posterior, or was unchanged. The mean ALD change after lowering was 27 ± 142 μm (P = 0.3). The mean absolute value of ALD change was 112 ± 90 μm (P = 0.002). Change in ALD was greater in eyes with lower IOP in paired comparisons (P = 0.006) but was not associated with the magnitude of IOP lowering between imaging sessions (P = 0.94). Eyes with no significant change in ALD tended to have more visual field loss than those with significant anterior ALD displacement (P = 0.07). Areas within each optic nerve head that corresponded to zones with thicker nerve fiber layer had greater ALD positional change (P = 0.0007). Conclusions The lamina can move either anteriorly or posteriorly with IOP decrease, with greater displacement at lower IOP. Glaucoma eyes and regions within glaucoma eyes associated with greater glaucoma damage exhibited smaller responses.
Application and validation of isotope dilution method (IDM) for predicting bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil.

Risk assessment of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) using the total chemical concentration following exhaustive extraction may overestimate the actual availability of HOCs to non-target organisms. Existing methods for estimating HOC bioavailability in soil have various operational limitations. In this study, we explored the application of isotope dilution method (IDM) to quantify the accessible fraction (E) of DDTs and PCBs in both historically-contaminated and freshly-spiked soils. After addition of 13C or deuterated analogues to a soil sample, the phase distribution of isotope-labeled and native chemicals reached an apparent equilibrium within 48 h of mixing. The derived E values in the three soils ranged from 0.19 to 0.82, depending on the soil properties and also the contact time of HOCs (i.e., aging). The isotope dilution method consistently predicted greater accumulation into earthworm (Eisenia fetida) than that by polyethylene (PE) or solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampler, likely because desorption in the gut enhanced bioavailability of soil-borne HOCs. A highly significant linear regression (R2 = 0.91) was found between IDM and 24-h Tenax desorption, with a slope statistically identical to 1. The IDM-derived accessible concentration (Ce) was further shown to accurately predict tissue residues in earthworm exposed in the same soils. Given the relatively short duration and simple steps, IDM has the potential to be readily adopted for measuring HOC bioaccessibility in soil and for improving risk assessment and evaluation of remediation efficiency.
The Effects of a 12-Week Faculty and Staff Exercise Program on Health-Related Variables in a University Setting

The obesity epidemic has grown in the past decade due to physical inactivity (i.e., having a sedentary job) and an increase in caloric intake. This problem combined with the reluctance of many faculty and staff members exercising in the same environment as student's presents a unique challenge in an academic setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 12-week exercise program focused toward the faculty and staff in improving several health-related variables such as curl-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, and balance. Fifty-seven faculty and staff participated in the current study. Participants engaged in a variety of exercise classes taught by certified instructors three days a week for 12-weeks. Paired samples t-tests illustrated a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in body mass and significant (p ≤ 0.001) improvements in curl-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, and balance. This data demonstrates that a 12-week faculty and staff exercise program has the potential to improve performance in several health-related variables such as curl-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, and balance. The ability of this program to improve health-related variables and possibly delay or prevent the development of overweight and/or obesity, sarcopenia, and other chronic diseases is encouraging.
A Two-Pronged Approach to Reforming International Corporate Taxes in the U.S.

This article proposes a modified territorial system for the U.S. taxation of foreign source income of corporations. First, Congress should exempt from U.S. taxes all corporate income (other than mobile income) earned in foreign countries with an effective corporate tax rate of 20 percent or higher. Such income could be repatriated at any time to the U.S., subject to payment of an administrative charge of 5 percent.Second, Congress should end the current deferral system for foreign-source income earned by U.S. corporations in countries with effective tax rates under 20 percent. That portion of foreign-source income would be taxed every year in the U.S. at a rate equal to the difference between 20 percent and the actual rate paid by the U.S. corporation in the tax haven.
A Novel Fingerprint Scanning Method Using Terahertz Imaging

In this work., we propose a high spatial resolution terahertz (THz) imaging setup for fingerprint biometrics. THz waves can penetrate into outer drier layers of the skin allowing subsurface imaging for advanced security biometrics or for diagnosis of diabetic diseases. Due to the short wavelengths and significant penetration depth, THz imaging allows to non-invasively probing the finger skin and can provide images of the underlying tissue traits with high spatial resolution. Additionally., THz waves” ability to penetrate thin., non-conductive materials., allows fingerprint scanning even when protective gear is used (e.g. nitrile gloves). In this paper., the theoretical background of the method are discussed along with the proposed imaging configuration. Finally., in-vivo fingerprint images are presented for the first time., establishing the imaging performance of the proposed setup.
Network Tomography for Understanding Phenotypic Presentations in Aortic Stenosis

Abstract Objectives This study sought to build a patient−patient similarity network using multiple features of left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The study further validated the observations in an experimental murine model of AS. Background The LV response in AS is variable and results in heterogeneous phenotypic presentations. Methods The patient similarity network was developed using topological data analysis (TDA) from cross-sectional echocardiographic data collected from 246 patients with AS. Multivariate features of AS were represented on the map, and the network topology was compared with that of a murine AS model by imaging 155 animals at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months of age. Results The topological map formed a loop in which patients with mild and severe AS were aggregated on the right and left sides, respectively (p 3 times the increased risk of balloon valvuloplasty, and transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement (hazard ratio: 3.88; p Conclusions Multifeature assessments of patient similarity by machine-learning processes may allow precise phenotypic recognition of the pattern of LV responses during the progression of AS.
Interaction of salt with ether- and ester-linked phospholipid bilayers

A distinguishing feature of Archaeal plasma membranes is that their phospholipids contain ether-links, as opposed to bacterial and eukaryotic plasma membranes where phospholipids primarily contain ester-links. Experiments show that this chemical difference in headgroup-tail linkage does produce distinct differences in model bilayer properties. Here we examine the effects of salt on bilayer structure in the case of an ether-linked lipid bilayer. We use molecular dynamics simulations and compare equilibrium properties of two model lipid bilayers in NaCl salt solution - POPC and its ether-linked analog that we refer to as HOPC. We make the following key observations. The headgroup region of HOPC "adsorbs" fewer ions compared to the headgroup region of POPC. Consistent with this, we note that the Debye screening length in the HOPC system is ∼ 10% shorter than that in the POPC system. Herein, we introduce a protocol to identify the lipid-water interfacial boundary that reproduces the bulk salt distribution consistent with Gouy-Chapman theory. We also note that the HOPC bilayer has excess solvent in the headgroup region when compared to POPC, coinciding with a trough in the electrostatic potential. Waters in this region have longer autocorrelation times and smaller lateral diffusion rates compared to the corresponding region in the POPC bilayer, suggesting that the waters in HOPC are more strongly coordinated to the lipid headgroups. Furthermore, we note that it is this region of tightly coordinated waters in the HOPC system that has a lower density of Na+ ions. Based on these observations we conclude that an ether-linked lipid bilayer has a lower binding affinity for Na+ compared to an ester-linked lipid bilayer.
Novel Myocardial PET/CT Receptor Imaging and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Activation of myocardial cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1-R) and/or angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1-R) likely plays an important mechanistic role in determining the left-ventricular remodeling process in systolic heart failure. We provide an overview on novel radiotracer probes and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging to noninvasively probe the expression of myocardial CB1-R and/or AT1-R. Recent translational investigations have demonstrated the feasibility of 11C-OMAR or 11C-KR31173 and PET/CT to image and quantify myocardial CB1-R and/or AT1-R expression, respectively. There is an increasing understanding of the mechanisms of activated myocardial CB1-R and/or AT1-R to influence the left-ventricular remodeling process in systolic heart failure in different disease entities. The review summarizes contributions of PET to image myocardial CB1-R and AT1-R expression that may have the potential to serve as a target to tailor preventive medical care in the individual patient.
Neutrino Mass and Oscillations

We still have much to learn about neutrinos as compared to their charged partners. For example, while we have measured the masses of the quarks and charged leptons, we do not know if neutrinos have mass at all. If neutrinos do have mass, this also has important cosmological consequences. With 109 remnant neutrinos from the big bang in every cubic meter of space, even a tiny mass will affect the large-scale galactic structure and the expansion of the universe. If neutrinos do have mass, this has important consequences for the Standard Model of particle physics. The neutrino masses may give us clues to the lepton mass hierarchy. Neutrino mass may lead to the introduction of new particles to the theory. Finally, the charged fermions have right-handed as well as left-handed components, but neutrinos appear to be entirely left-handed. Is there a right-handed neutrino which we have not observed because it is “sterile”?
Fire Pit-Related Burn Injuries in Children and Adolescents

Thermal burns are a leading cause of preventable injury in children and adolescents. Fire pits have become increasingly popular outdoor fixtures in U.S. homes. We aimed to identify trends in pediatric burn injuries related to fire pits that presented to a representative sample of United States Emergency Departments (EDs). A retrospective analysis of annual ED visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2017 using product codes specific to fire pits. U.S. Census population estimates were used to compute rates per 100,000 population. SAS and Joinpoint weighted regression analyses were used to analyze annual estimates and rate trends across the study period. There were 10,951 (95% CI = 8535-13,367) ED visits for burn injuries secondary to outdoor fire pits in patients 19 years of age and younger across the study period. The majority of injuries occurred in children under the age of 5, and were related to falls into or on a hot fire pit. The annual modeled rate change showed an overall significant increase in burn injuries of 7.16 per 100,000 annually from 2006 to 2017 (P = .02). Outdoor fire pits represent an increasing hazard to young children who are particularly susceptible to burn injuries from falls in or around lit recreational fires. Product modifications and public awareness campaigns are necessary to prevent future life-altering injuries in pediatric patients.
A command governor approach to set-theoretic model reference adaptive control for enforcing partially adjustable performance guarantees

In feedback control, the presence of system uncertainties cause system state trajectories to deviate from their ideal responses. In practice, a subset of these trajectories can be more critical than the rest due to physical and/or performance characteristics associated with a problem of interest. Hence, it is desired not only to have performance guarantees on the entire system state trajectories but also to be able to adjust the resulting worst-case performance bound for that critical subset. Yet, in model reference adaptive control of uncertain dynamical systems, assigning performance bounds on a subset of system trajectories is not trivial. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a new control architecture that has the capability to enforce a user-defined performance bound on the selected subset of dynamical system trajectories, entitled as partially adjustable performance guarantees. The proposed architecture is predicated on a set-theoretic treatment and utilizes a two-level constructive design framework. In particular, we first form an auxiliary state dynamics in order to construct the auxiliary system error vector between uncertain dynamical system states and this auxiliary dynamics states. This construction aids a control designer to weigh each element of the auxiliary system error vector independently, while enforcing performance bounds on the norm of this error vector. Then, a command governor mechanism is designed for driving a feasible user-selected subset of system states to a close (and user-controllable) neighborhood of the corresponding reference model states. This results in adjustable performance guarantees on a subset of system error trajectories.
Online, Real-Time Analysis of Highly Complex Processing Streams: Quantification of Analytes in Hanford Tank Sample

Processing of hazardous materials is a crucial example where online monitoring can significantly reduce operation risk, cost, and time. This is particularly true in the case of the Hanford site, where nuclear materials from the Cold War era are being processed for environmental cleanup efforts. In exceedingly complex streams such as those at Hanford, online and real-time monitoring can be challenging due to the complexity of instrument signals. Further obstacles are imposed by the caustic nature of processing streams, as well as the radiation damage inflicted on instruments and probes. Online monitoring based on Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of many Hanford tank species of interest. Nine chemical species that comprise the majority of tank waste by volume, including Al(OH)4–, C2O42–, CO32–, CrO42–, NO3–, NO3–, OH–, PO43–, and SO42–, were detected and quantified. Real-time analysis of Raman signal allows for immediate quantification of target analytes and was successfully accomplished through the...
Memory and Affect: Autobiographical Memory Distribution and Availability in Normal Adults and Recently Detoxifed Alcoholics

An autobiographical memory task was administered to a group of 15 male alcoholics (duration of abuse x = 16 years) and to a control group comprised of 15 nonabusers. The alcoholics were inpatients in a chemical dependence treatment program who had their last drink 8 days prior to testing. Two aspects of autobiographical memory were compared. First, the distribution of memories for life events over the lifespan clearly differed for the two groups. The alcoholic group recalled far fewer memories from the most recent 5 years and showed an exaggerated tendency to recall memories from their early adulthood when compared to the control group. This result is consistent with a model of the onset of a temporally graded retrograde amnesia subsequent to a protracted period of alcohol abuse. In such cases the context for self-evaluation may remain heavily rooted in late adolescence. Second, in contrast to results of the control group, the data from men in the alcohol group revealed no relationship between latency to report autobiographical memories associated with a particular affect and self-rated frequency of such affects. This dissociation indicates the possible impact of atypical memory performance on views of the self.
Berry polyphenols metabolism and impact on human gut microbiota and health

Berries are rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins. These molecules are often reported as being responsible for the health effects attributed to berries. However, their poor bioavailability, mostly influenced by their complex chemical structures, raises the question of their actual direct impact on health. The products of their metabolization, however, may be the most bioactive compounds due to their ability to enter the blood circulation and reach the organs. The main site of metabolization of the complex polyphenols to smaller phenolic compounds is the gut through the action of microorganisms, and reciprocally polyphenols and their metabolites can also modulate the microbial populations. In healthy subjects, these modulations generally lead to an increase in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, therefore suggesting a prebiotic-like effect of the berries or their compounds. Finally, berries have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of gut inflammation through the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and have chemopreventive effects towards colon cancer through the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This review recapitulates the knowledge available on the interactions between berries polyphenols, gut microbiota and gut health and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.
Induction of ventricular fibrillation by T wave shocks: observations from monophasic action potential recordings.

Introduction: Shocks given during the vulnerable period of cardiac repolarization may induce ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, the relationship of the vulnerable period and the monophasic action potential (MAP) has not yet been reported in humans. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine how the monophasic action potential recorded from the right ventricle correlates with inducibility of VF using T wave shocks during ventricular pacing. Methods: Eleven patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation had a MAP catheter positioned in the right ventricle (RV). The local monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAP90) duration was measured during pacing at 400 ms. VF induction was attempted by pacing at 400 ms for 10 cycles and then giving a 1.0 joule monophasic T wave shock at varying coupling intervals (CI) to the last paced stimulus. The maximum and minimum CI that induced VF were determined and mapped in relation to the MAP90 recording. Results: The average paced MAP duration was 275 ± 20ms. The minimum and maximum CI to induce VF were 255 ± 24ms and 325 ± 36ms respectively. This ranged from 93% to 118% of the MAP90 duration but because of delay in conduction time to the MAP catheter, shocks that induced ventricular fibrillation occurred between 74% and 99% of local repolarization time. Conclusion: VF is inducible with low energy T wave shocks falling during the last 25% of the right ventricular MAP90 recording. This corresponds with VF initiation during phase III repolarization.
The application of electronic endoscopy to treat children with chronic diarrhea

The development of digestive endoscopy has played a very important role in promoting diagnosis and treatment for digestive system diseases in children.Electronic endoscopy is safe and simple for check and treatment.If applied to chronic diarrhea it will extensively improve the diagnosis and therapy efficacy. Key words: Electronic endoscopy; Chronic diarrhea; Child
Renal medullary carcinoma involving serous cavity fluids: a cytomorphologic study of 12 cases

Introduction Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma with a propensity for widespread metastatic disease in young patients. It is strongly associated with sickle cell trait and shows the loss of SMARCB1 (also known as INI1 or BAF47) protein expression. In the present study, we reviewed a series of 12 patients for whom the cytology specimens played a significant role in patient treatment. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective case review of patients with a history of RMC from 3 large tertiary care pathology practices. Results A total of 12 patients were identified with histologically confirmed RMC who had had pleural, pericardial, or urine specimens involved by their disease or had undergone initial kidney fine needle aspiration. Patient age ranged from 13 to 37 years (median, 21.5 years). All 12 patients were black or of African descent, and 10 had a confirmed history of sickle cell trait. Of the 12 patients, 11 (92%) had fluid specimens involved by metastatic tumor at some point in their clinical course, and 4 (33%) had initially presented with pericardial and/or pleural effusions or urine specimens that were positive for malignancy. Cytologic examination predominantly showed fragments of 3-dimensional “tumor balls” with smooth borders, fine pale cytoplasm with vacuolization, and highly pleomorphic nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes and coarse to vesicular chromatin and single prominent nucleoli. Conclusions The cytomorphology of RMC involving serous fluids is nonspecific and in keeping with metastatic high-grade adenocarcinoma. In a young patient presenting with no history of malignancy and a pleural or pericardial effusion, triaging the material for ancillary studies and a nuanced assessment of patient history and radiologic findings will be critical.