cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Functions of Imitation During Infancy

A review of recent studies on imitation, particularly during infancy, suggests that imitation may serve two functions: gaining understanding of puzzling observations and communicating mutuality and shared understanding with another person. Although changes in cognitive understanding influence development in imitation, the occurrence of imitation in specific situations may be governed by the interplay of the two functions that imitation can serve. This analysis implies that research needs to consider not only the kinds of acts that are imitated at different developmental levels, but also the child's understanding of the interpersonal interaction during which imitation is obtained in order to elucidate the age-related trends in imitation.
Acetobixan, an Inhibitor of Cellulose Synthesis Identified by Microbial Bioprospecting

In plants, cellulose biosynthesis is an essential process for anisotropic growth and therefore is an ideal target for inhibition. Based on the documented utility of small-molecule inhibitors to dissect complex cellular processes we identified a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI), named acetobixan, by bio-prospecting among compounds secreted by endophytic microorganisms. Acetobixan was identified using a drug-gene interaction screen to sift through hundreds of endophytic microbial secretions for one that caused synergistic reduction in root expansion of the leaky AtcesA6prc1-1 mutant. We then mined this microbial secretion for compounds that were differentially abundant compared with Bacilli that failed to mimic CBI action to isolate a lead pharmacophore. Analogs of this lead compound were screened for CBI activity, and the most potent analog was named acetobixan. In living Arabidopsis cells visualized by confocal microscopy, acetobixan treatment caused CESA particles localized at the plasma membrane (PM) to rapidly re-localize to cytoplasmic vesicles. Acetobixan inhibited 14C-Glc uptake into crystalline cellulose. Moreover, cortical microtubule dynamics were not disrupted by acetobixan, suggesting specific activity towards cellulose synthesis. Previous CBI resistant mutants such as ixr1-2, ixr2-1 or aegeus were not cross resistant to acetobixan indicating that acetobixan targets a different aspect of cellulose biosynthesis.
Diabetes insipidus in myelodysplastic syndrome: what we learnt from a case regarding its diagnosis, pathophysiology and management.

Cull et al. recently discussed central diabetes insipidus (DI), in particular regarding its molecular and genetic abnormalities in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [1]. We would like ...
Intratympanic keratoma following grommet insertion

An intratympanic keratoma following myringotomy and multiple Shepard's grommet insertions is presented.
Atypical expression of ErbB3 in myeloma cells: cross-talk between ErbB3 and the interferon-alpha signaling complex.

We have previously demonstrated that the responsiveness of multiple myeloma (MM) cells to interferon-alpha (IFN-α) stimulation is variable, with an atypical growth response displayed by some cells. Here we report the ability of IFN-α to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a 180 kDa band in the KAS-6/1 MM cell line, which is growth responsive to IFN-α. Further characterization demonstrated that this band corresponds to ErbB3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ErbB3 expression in a cell type of the hematopoietic lineage. Although ErbB receptors have been shown to crosscommunicate with various other receptors, our results show for the first time that the IFN-α receptor can crosscommunicate with ErbB3. To address the significance of these observations, we transfected ErbB3-negative DP-6 MM cells with ErbB3 and used siRNA to silence ErbB3 in the KAS-6/1 cell line. Although IFN-α transactivated ErbB3 in the DP-6 transfectants, it did not confer growth responsiveness to IFN-α. Interestingly, silencing ErbB3 expression in the KAS-6/1 cells decreased the overall growth response to IFN-α and to interleukin-6. These results suggest that ErbB3 expression alone does not uniquely confer IFN-α growth responsiveness, but instead may amplify proliferation rates in MM cells that have acquired atypical expression of this receptor.
Solution Processed MoO3 Interfacial Layer for Organic Photovoltaics Prepared by a Facile Synthesis Method

An MoO(3) film spin-coated from a solution prepared by an extremely facile and cost-effective synthetic method is introduced as an anode buffer layer of bulk-heterojunction polymer photovoltaic devices. The device efficiency using the MoO(3) anode buffer layer is comparable to that using a conventional PEDOT:PSS layer without annealing at an elevated temperature.
Electro-osmotic Drag of Water in Poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) Membranes

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes were used to determine the water electro-osmotic drag coefficients in these ionomeric membranes. In a DMFC fed with 1.0 M aqueous methanol at the anode and dry O 2 at the cathode, the ionomeric membrane can he fully equilibrated on both sides with liquid water at a sufficiently high current density. In this special situation, the water flux across the membrane from anode to cathode is driven by protonic drag exclusively. From measurements performed on Nafion®, C®, and Dow® membranes, water drag coefficients of all membranes increase with temperature. Compared with a fully hydrated membrane, a dried membrane (105°C in vacuum) known to have a lower water content has a lower water drag coefficient. For a series of Nafion membranes (including C membrane), a membrane with a higher equivalent weight has a lower water drag coefficient. The water drag coefficient of a Dow membrane is unusually low compared to that of a Nafion membrane of similar equivalent weight. These trends of water drag coefficients may correlate with the membrane structure and water content. Implications of these results on water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells are discussed.
Patrick Henry, the orator

Series Foreword Foreword by Halford R. Ryan Preface Patrick Henry Introduction The Development of the Popular Orator The Speeches of the Protest Period--County Courtroom to the House of Burgesses, 1763-1765 The Speeches of the Protest Period--Master of Media, 1766-1776 The Speeches of the National Period Legal Speaking Conclusion Collected Speeches and Speech Reports The Parsons' Cause Case The Conclusion of the "Caesar-Brutus" Speech in the Stamp Act Debate, May 1765 The "Liberty or Death" Speech The Ratifying Convention Debate The British Debts Case Chronology of Major Speeches Bibliography Index
Globality and Constructions of World Health

Explorations of the social construction of health and illness reveal that popular and professional discourses on health and disease implicitly contain underlying images of how societies can or should be structured. Globality, which is a notion that refers to the consciousness of the world as a single place, suggests that these images of world structure are now salient. This article describes four current discourses of "work health" and discusses them in terms of their underlying ideal images of world order. The four images of the world are defined in terms of four elemental points of reference: individuals, societies, the system of societies, and humankind. These ideal images have either a gemeinschaft (community) or gesellschaft (society) orientation. An anthropology of globality can refine and extend our understandings of discourses of world health. Sensitivity to these discourses and their world-oriented ideological roots should help to demystify the notion of world health.
Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ

As historian Stephen Prothero puts it in American Jesus, “Jesus has an American history.” For some Americans, he is the consummate best friend and lover. For others, he is strong and mighty, ready for the defense of the weak. For others still, he’s a guru, a wise and enlightened sage. For American Roman Catholics, he is first of all the savior on the cross, bloodied and suffering. For American Protestants, he is first of all, largely due to the prominence of Warner Sallman’s “Head of Christ” (1941), nearly angelic, soft and beloved by children. For countercultural rebels, he’s a crazed malcontent, hurling the establishment—in the form of money-changers—from the temple. For the inimitable Johnny Cash, he’s “The Greatest Cowboy of Them All.”
Digital Television Broadcasting: Nondisruptive Improvement over Time

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decided, at an early date, that it was important for the digital broadcasting system to be upgradeable over time. Therefore, it established, as an important desideratum for the system to be chosen, that it could be improved in a nondisruptive manner i.e., without making the original equipment obsolete. An effective way to do this is to formulate a single baseline system that produces standard-definition imagery, and to carry out any later upgrading exclusively by adding one or more enhancement signals. Enhanced receivers would extract all data streams to create improved imagery. This approach to upgrading permits the manufacture of digital receivers (and set-top converters for NTSC receivers) of the lowest possible cost since high-definition decoding and signal-processing capability is unnecessary If the enhancement signals are transmitted by means of nonuniform constellation, then they will appear to be random noise to baseline receivers, guaranteeing that such receivers will continue to be usable regardless of the exact nature of the enhancement signal(s). While it would be preferable for the baseline system to be progressively scanned, it would be possible to permit both interlaced (I) and progressive (P) baseline formats to be used and yet to design enhanced receivers in such a way that they would operate properly with both. The source coding required in such a system is already well known by such names as pyramid coding, layered coding, or multiresolution coding. Channel-coding methods are also described that permit receivers to extract data from the transmitted signal in accordance with the local SNR and their signal-processing capabilities.
GABAergic Disinhibition Affects Responses of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons to Temporally Patterned Sound Pulses

Lu, Yong, Philip H.-S. Jen, and Min Wu. GABAergic disinhibition affects responses of bat inferior collicular neurons to temporally patterned sound pulses. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2303–2315, 1998. Usin...
Archaeological Survey of Power Line Routes in Kerr and Kendall Counties, Texas, for the Bandera Electric Cooperative, Inc.

In August 1981, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted an archaeological survey of power line rightof-ways in Kerr and Kendall Counties for the Bandera Electric Cooperative, Inc. One archaeological site (41 KE 79) was located at the proposed substation site south of Comfort, Texas, and is recommended for additional investigation.
The Present Status of Electric Power Quality Management in Jiangsu Electric Power Network

The fundamental situation of electric power quality in Jiangsu network during resent years is summarized,for which a simple analysis is carried out,relating to the needs of power system and economic development,the countermeasures to refine and increase the electric power quality are suggested.
Investigation on Public Health Emergency of Rubella in a Middle School in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2010

[Objective]To analyze the causes of public health emergency of rubella in a middle school in Shunyi district of Beijing in 2010,provide the evidences for making prevention and control strategies.[Methods]With method of descriptive epidemiology,the public health emergency of rubella in a middle school in Shunyi district was statistically analyzed.[Results]There were 28 cases in this event,96.43% of patients were 9th grade students.Onset time was from 24 to 27 March.64.29% of cases had dubious immunization history or no immunization history.The main causes of epidemic included: cases had not been promptly reported because of nonstandard diagnosis,the coverage rate of MMR vaccination was low,prevention and control of the infectious diseases in school had not been implemented.[Conclusion]The diagnostic techniques and disease control awareness of clinicians should be improved by training.The education department and health department should pay attention to the management of school health,enhance the construction and training of professional team of school health,strengthen the immunization and propaganda of the knowledge about common infectious diseases in schools.
Diazepam concentrations in parotid saliva, mixed saliva, and plasma

The concentration of diazepam in the plasma and saliva of 9 normal human subjects receiving a single oral dose of diazepam (10 mg) over an 8-hr period was determined by gas-liquid chromatography/electron capture analysis. In addition, the binding of diazepam to plasma protein in these subjects was determined using equilibrium dialysis at specific time intervals corresponding to periods of plasma and saliva collection. A linear relationship was found between diazepam concentration in plasma and that in both mixed and parotid saliva, over plasma concentrations ranging from 196 ± 16.4 to 74.8 ± 10.3 ng/ml. The elimination constants (−Ke) were 0.13, 0.17, 0.18 for diazepam disappearance from plasma, parotid saliva, and mixed saliva, respectively. The mean parotid concentration ratio was 0.035 and the mixed saliva/plasma diazepam concentration ratio was 0.029. These were not affected by variations in plasma diazepam levels. The percentage of the plasma diazepam concentration in both parotid saliva (3.5%) and mixed saliva (2.9%) was of the same order as the fraction of diazepam found to be free from plasma protein in these subjects (2.0% to 3.5%). The results indicate that there is no significant difference between parotid saliva and mixed saliva concentrations over a period of 8 hr after a single oral dose of diazepam. The results strongly suggest that the appearance of diazepam in saliva may provide an alternate, non invasive method of determining plasma diazepam levels.
From Microarray to Biological Networks

Powerful new methods, such as expression profiles using cDNA arrays, have been used to monitor changes in gene expression levels as a result of a variety of metabolic, xenobiotic, or pathogenic challenges. This potentially vast quantity of data enables, in principle, the dissection of the complex genetic networks that control the patterns and rhythms of gene expression in the cell. Here we present a general approach to developing dynamic models for analyzing time series of whole-genome expression. The parameters in the model show the influence of one gene expression level on another and are calculated using singular value decomposition as a means of inverting noisy and near-singular matrices. Correlative networks can then be generated based on these parameters with a simple threshold approach. We also demonstrate how dynamic models can be used in conjunction with cluster analysis to analyze microarray time series. Using the parameters from the dynamic model as a metric, two-way hierarchical clustering could be performed to visualize how influencing genes affect the expression levels of responding genes. Application of these approaches is demonstrated using gene expression data in yeast cell cycle.
A Turkish treasure trove

Meral Alakus looks at the history of Turkey's archives, their organization and retrieval systems, and future prospects for information handling and indexing in Turkey.
Finance in a Complex Capitalist Economy: Failures of Global Markets and Developmental States

In this chapter the key question raised is: how can we conceptualize finance in a complex capitalist economy in the aftermath of the Asian financial and economic crises? I start the discussion of this and related issues by posing a simpler empirical question: have the Asian financial and economic crises proved that the Asian model of development (AMD) was wrong? The implications of answers to this question are far-reaching. In the end, the theoretical issues raised by the problem of finance in a complex capitalist economy and the political economy of developmental states will both be implicated in what is an apparently empirical investigation.
Do Banks Aid and Abet Asset Concealment: Evidence from the Panama Papers

Using new data from the Panama Papers, I test for an investor response to regulatory reforms that improve foreign asset transparency. I find that immediately prior to its roll-out, affected investors roughly double offshore entity incorporations to circumvent the EU Savings Directive. However, Tax Information Exchange Agreements, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, and the Common Reporting Standard for information exchange result in declines in offshore entity usage. My study provides a rare direct look at investors taking action to increase opacity and informs debate on the use of information exchange as a tool to combat offshore tax evasion.
Global Climate Change Risk and Mitigation Perceptions: A Comparison of Nine Countries

To broaden our understanding of global climate change (GCC), this article presents results from an ongoing longitudinal research project that investigates public GCC risk perceptions in nine countries focusing on different perceptions important in policy formulation. A key goal of the study is to understand which nations express similar or different viewpoints with respect to explanatory factors such as threat perceptions, hazard experience, socio-demographics, knowledge of climate change, and other factors found in the environmental hazards literature. Despite many variances in GCC perceptions among the surveyed national populations, the analysis shows that some differences are marginal, while others allow the grouping of countries based on different perception factors. Survey results reveal a high degree of uncertainty with regards to climate change dimensions including risk, science, knowledge, and policy approaches to mitigate GCC.
A frequency tracking RAKE demodulator for multipath channels

The structure and performance of a frequency-tracking RAKE receiver for spread-spectrum HF communications are discussed. The receiver uses a frequency-tracking loop that compensates for the Doppler-induced phase offset between the correlator output signal and the channel reference to maximize the resulting signal-to-noise ratio at the output. The processing estimates the average multipath phase offset and rotates the complex samples at the correlator output to remove the estimated phase error. The performance of the loop is analyzed for single and multiple path channels in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and simulation results are presented on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the tracking receiver. The results show that by properly setting the bandwidth of the loop it is possible to achieve BER performance within a few tenths of a decibel of an ideal RAKE demodulator. >
Regulation and Diversity of Peptide Hormone Gene Expression

During the past several years several fundamental advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular factors involved in the control of gene expression (1–4).
Electrochemical radiolabeling of COX-2 inhibitors: potential PET agents for imaging of inflammation.

1045 Objectives Develop a method for radiolabeling metabolically stable COX-2 inhibitors and evaluate resulting constructs for PET imaging of inflammation. Several attempts at developing 18F labeled COX-2 imaging agents were reported in the literature1. All of them relied on classic SN2 reactions of organic precursors with radioactive 18F-fluoride. Due to the limitations of existing strategies, fluoride could only be attached to the positions vulnerable to the in vivo degradation. Methods Recently we reported a method for radiolabeling of aromatic compounds via electrochemical fluorination on platinum electrodes. Building up on this method we developed an automated set up incorporating fluoride preparation, electrochemistry and purification subsystems. The central part of this apparatus is an electrochemical cell comprised of a gas-tight teflon reactor equipped with two platinum electrodes and a silver wire as a reference electrode. A previously described2 COX-2 inhibitor based on substituted arylpyrazole was used as a precursor for radiolabeling. Sulfonamide group was protected with two Boc-protecting groups. Results We have developed a precursor suitable for electrochemical radiolabeling (1) and utilized it to produce 18F labeled COX-2 inhibitor using an automated set up. Molecule 18F-1 was isolated in a radiochemically pure form and formulated in the matrix suitable for animal injection. Conclusions Electrochemcial radiofluorination is a method suitable for radiolabeling of heteroaromatic compounds, including pyrazole-based COX-2 inhibitors. In vitro validation and in vivo evaluation of the resulting agents is underway. Research Support UCLA Scholars in Oncologic Molecular Imaging program (NIH grant R25T CA098010)
Stroke: Highlights of Selected Articles

The reported long-term risk of dementia after an ischemic stroke is substantial, but there is less available data on the risk of dementia after hemorrhagic strokes. Corraini and colleagues sought to clarify the burden of poststroke dementia in different stroke types. They conducted a population-based matched cohort study in Denmark using national medical databases. They included all citizens aged ≥18 years, and who had 3-month survival of a first time inpatient stroke from 1982 to 2013. Patients with previous dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or amnestic syndrome were excluded. Using data from the universal Danish healthcare system, information was collected on all national hospital admissions, neuroimaging, and psychiatric admissions. An age- and sex-matched control cohort was selected. The study outcome was incident all-cause inpatient or outpatient dementia diagnoses. The stroke cohort included 215 118 eligible patients with median age of 72 years. A total of 84 220 had ischemic stroke, 16 723 had intracranial hemorrhage, 9872 had subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 104 303 had strokes of unspecified type. The general population comparison cohort included 1 075 588 individuals. The 30-year absolute risk of dementia among stroke survivors was 11.5% (95% confidence interval, 11.2%–11.7%). Stroke survivors had a 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.77–1.84) increased risk …
Assessing disparities in treatment outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A67 Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) is the most common lymphoma in the United States, with a median survival of Methods: Utilizing previously published methods (Graiser, Cancer Informatics 2007), we identified pts with DLCL from: cancer registry data using histology codes (ICD-O 9680 & 9684), free-text searches of electronic medical records (EMR) and pathology notes, laboratory, and pharmacy data sources. We reviewed medical records to confirm each diagnosis and calculated sensitivity/specificity for each data source. The final population was examined for available data on race, other demographics, components of the International Prognostic Index for DLCL (IPI: age, performance status, serum lactate dehydrogenase, number of extranodal sites involved, stage), insurance status, employment status, and survival data. Results: Together the sources identified 885 potential cases of DLCL, with 521 cases confirmed by pathology/EMR review. Data sources ranged widely in their sensitivity (38%-78%) and specificity (50%-78%) for identifying cases of DLCL. Free-text searches of all EMR had the greatest sensitivity (specificity 55%) and searches of pathology notes had the greatest specificity (sensitivity 55%). Cancer registry ICD-O codes simultaneously maximized sensitivity (65%) and specificity (60%). 4 pts were removed from the final population due to substantial missing data. Among the remaining 517 pts with DLCL, 91% had data on race and 99.6% on marital status, but Conclusions : Linking pharmacy and cancer outcomes data provides a useful resource for research on treatment disparities. Additional data from chart reviews or prospective studies are needed to examine psychosocial and prognostic factors. However, this likely represents the largest cohort of Black pts with DLCL ever evaluated, and will provide meaningful data on disparities in treatment and treatment outcomes for this curable cancer.
Predicting spatial patterns of within-field crop yield variability

Abstract Over the last two decades, there has been significant advancements in the application of geospatial technologies in agriculture. Improved resolutions (spectral, spatial and temporal) of remotely sensed images, coupled with more precise on-the-ground systems (yield monitors, geophysical sensors) have allowed farmers to become more sensitive about the spatial and temporal variations of crop yields occurring in their fields. Previous research has extensively looked at spatial variability of crop yields at field scale, but studies designed to predict within-field spatial patterns of yield over a large number of fields as yet been reported. In this paper, we analyzed 571 fields with multiple years of yield maps at high spatial resolution to understand and predict within-field spatial patterns across eight states in the Midwest US and over corn, soybean, wheat and cotton fields. We examined the correlation between yield and 4 covariates, three derived from remote sensing imagery (red band spectral reflectance, NDVI and plant surface temperature) and the fourth from yield maps from previous years. The results showed that for spatial patterns that are stable over time the best predictor of the spatial variability is the historical yield map (previous years’ yield maps), while for zones within the field that are more sensitive to weather and thus fluctuate from one year to the next the best predictor of the spatial patterns are the within-season images. The results of this research help quantify the role of historical yield maps and within-season remote sensing images to predict spatial patterns. The knowledge of spatial patterns within a field is critical not only to farmers for potential variable rate applications, but also to select homogenous zones within the field to run crop models with site-specific input to better understand and predict the impact of weather, soil and landscape characteristics on spatial and temporal patterns of crop yields to enhance resource use efficiency at field level.
HBV-HCV Coinfection: Viral Interactions, Management, and Viral Reactivation.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is a complex clinical entity that has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1–15%. Most clinical studies have shown that progression of disease is faster in HBV-HCV coinfected patients compared to those with monoinfection. Hepatocellular carcinoma development appears to have higher rate in coinfections. Viral replication in coinfected cells is characterized by a dominance of HCV over HBV replication. There are no established guidelines for treatment of HBV-HCV coinfection. Studies on interferon-based therapies and direct-acting antivirals have shown varying levels of efficacy. Clinical reports have indicated that treatment of HCV without suppression of HBV increases the risk for HBV reactivation. In this review, we appraise studies on both direct-acting antivirals and interferon-based therapies to evaluate the efficacy and rates of reactivation with each regimen. Screening for and prevention of coinfection are important to prevent serious HBV reactivations.
Network of signal transduction pathways involving lipids: protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways.

The cellular glycerol- and sphingolipids are turning out to play not only fundamental roles in cellular and organellar membranes but also new and exciting roles in cellular regulation. The great diversity and complexity of the glycerolipids and sphingolipids present in mammalian cells had long portended important cellular functions, yet few molecular clues were uncovered until protein kinase C was discovered by Nishizuka (1986) to be regulated by sn-l,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), a second messenger derived by cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)- Glycerolipids turned out to play two major roles in protein kinase C regulation: i) as essential phospholipid cofactors and ii) as lipid second messenger activators, DAG (Bell, 1986). In 1985, detailed structure-activity studies on protein kinase C using advanced mixed micellar methods to investigate specificity and stoichiometry of phospholipid cofactor and DAG activator function produced molecular insight into the mechanism of regulation (Hannun et al., 1985); these studies also led to the discovery that sphingosine inhibits protein kinase C activity and blocks [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding (Hannun et al., 1986). The work opened up a growing field of research involving the role of sphingolipid breakdown products in normal cellular regulation and perturbation of these normal pathways in disease and pathobiology (Hannun and Bell, 1987; 1989).
Xenotransplantation: Hyperacute and Delayed Xenograft Rejection

According to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), patients waiting for a heart transplant in the U.S. have over a 20% mortality rate due to the shortage of donor organs.1 The scarcity of donor organs accounts, in part, for the strong resurgence of interest in xenotransplantation over the past decade. Although an unlimited availability of animal organs would rectify the existing crisis, there are formidable immunobiological barriers to overcome before the full potential of trans-species organ transplantation can be realized. The earliest and perhaps most devastating immunological barrier is that of hyperacute rejection, which results from the binding of natural antibody to the vascular endothelium, fixation of complement, activation of the endothelium, and finally, to the initiation of the coagulation cascade. Attempts to prevent this powerful immune response have targeted preformed natural antibodies and the complement system for intervention. The next immunological barrier, referred to as delayed xenograft rejection or acute vascular rejection, is less well understood but probably involves multiple pathways, including antibodies and/or immune cells binding to endothelium and endothelial cell activation (Figure 1). Of the last two immunological barriers, cellular rejection and chronic rejection, the former is probably best understood as it involves mechanisms which are similar in nature, albeit stronger in intensity, to those responsible for clinical allograft rejection. In contrast, the mechanisms responsible for chronic rejection remain enigmatic both in allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation.
Comparison of 6-Month Costs Between Oral Antiplatelet Agents Following Acute Coronary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), newer antiplatelet agents prasugrel and ticagrelor have lower rates of cardiovascul...
Special Olympics: From Volunteering For a Day to Starting Your Own Training Club

There are approximately 200 million individuals worldwide with intellectual disabilities, and in 2012, more than 4.2 million athletes in 170 countries benefited from SO programs and the 70,000 worldwide competitions. Although SO reaches millions on a yearly basis, there are still areas in the United States where potential athletes are either unaware of these opportunities or training clubs are not readily available. This paper will present the various opportunities that SO has to offer as well as the necessary steps for one to become a volunteer, certified coach, or even start their very own SO training club.
Mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission in saponin-permeabilized murine diaphragm fibers: optimization of fiber separation and comparison to limb muscle

Diaphragm abnormalities in aging or chronic diseases include impaired mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission, which can be measured using saponin-permeabilized muscle fibers. Mouse diaphragm p...
Occupational Stress and Instigator Workplace Incivility as Moderated by Personality: A Test of an Occupational Stress and Workplace Incivility Model

This research investigates the relationship between occupational stress and instigator workplace incivility, as moderated by personality, to select organizational outcomes (i.e., perceived physical health and intent to turnover). Data were collected from 206 fulltime working adults in the healthcare industry utilizing Amazon MTurk. Moderated hierarchical regressions were conducted to test the possible moderating role of personality on the stress-incivility relationship; the results demonstrated that conscientiousness and agreeableness dampened the stress-incivility relationship and neuroticism and extraversion strengthened the relationship. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted also to explore the degree stress and incivility predicted the outcome variables of perceived physical health and intentions to turnover; the data indicated support for the notion that greater stress and incivility positively predicted turnover intent.
A 40-Year-Old Man with Muscle Pain and Fatigue

Statin drugs have been widely used to treat hyperlipidemia and to reduce the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Myotoxicity represents the main side effect of statin drugs. Statin drugs can cause rhabdomyolysis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and more commonly mild toxic myopathy. Here we present a case with a mild toxic myopathy induced by statin use. The diagnosis is made based on the clinical ground. There is no distinguishing muscle pathology feature for this condition. The management is to discontinue statin if the myotoxicity outweighs the benefit.
Formation of Consumers’ Perceived Information Security: Examining the Transfer of Trust in Online Retailers

Set in the backdrop of ever escalating data breach incidents, this paper investigates the seeming paradox between elevated consumer information security concerns reported in surveys and lax consumer security behavior exhibited online. Results from our experiment show that when asked about their information security perceptions, consumers evaluate the issue of information security based on the elaboration likelihood model. As a result, they express concerns. However, when consumers are actually shopping online, they do not separately evaluate the issue of information security. Instead, they mostly transfer their trust in an online retailer to the trusting belief that their information will be secure. This is one of the main reasons why, counter to their elevated security concerns expressed in surveys, consumers engage in lax security practices when they conduct business online.
Antibodies to Chromosomal Non-Histone Proteins in Malignant Cells

The exceptional selectivity of the immune response makes the use of antibodies to chromosomal proteins attractive for studies on the structure and function of chromatin. It is believed that alterations of cellular phenotype during differentiation and carcinogenesis are accompanied by changes in the composition of nuclear proteins, some of which may serve gene regulatory functions. Development of highly specific antisera would not only facilitate the detection, isolation and characterization of such regulatory proteins, but may also provide additional tools for the immunodetection of cancer. Isolated nuclear nonhistone proteins, 1−3nucleolar fractionsintact or dehistonized chromatins7−10 were all used as immunogens to elicit antisera which exhibited various degrees of specificity. Some antisera recognized antigens which changed during differentiation and development 7,11 or carcinogenesis.9,12 A considerable cell specificity was demonstrated for antisera to dehistonized chromatin preparations.2,7−14
Sentencing After Booker: The Impact of Appellate Review on Defendants' Rights

United States v. Booker1 held that the Federal Sentencing Guidelines ("Guidelines"),2 as they were applied at the time, violated defendants' Sixth Amendment jury trial rights. Unfortunately, Booker failed to provide the clarity that judges and commentators not to mention defendants had hoped for. The Supreme Court produced a tortured 124-page decision with two conflicting majority opinions. The tension between the majority opinions ran so deep that their authors, Justices Stevens and Breyer, each wrote principal dissents in the case.3 Justice Stevens, in the "substantive majority" opinion {Booker /), concluded that the Guidelines violated a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to have every fact essential to the imposition of a sentence proven to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.4 Stevens proposed a simple solution to the problem: require a jury finding for every fact that increased the Guideline sentence.5 But this was not the remedy the Court adopted. Instead, Justice Breyer, in the "remedial majority" opinion {Booker II), concluded that the appropriate remedy was to make the Guidelines "advisory."6 Once advisory, the Guideline facts were no longer essential to the punishment and were therefore beyond the scope of the Constitution's jury trial guarantee. But Justice Breyer was not finished. In order to ensure that judges did not return to the Wild West of preGuideline sentencing, Breyer determined that appellate courts would review
Bringing suspected terrorists to justice? Revealing bias against Muslims in applied counter terrorism by the U.S

This study analyzes the conditions under which the U.S. engages in active counterterrorism approaches. Specifically, it examines the active criminal justice approach which views terrorism as a crim...
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Flexible HVDC Overhead Transmission Lines with Ice Load

Atmospheric icing is a main nature disaster that threats the safety of Zhangbei flexible HVDC transmission lines, especially when overload icing and ice shedding occur. This paper conducts a nonlinear finite element analysis of a three-span insulator-conductor coupled model, to sudty the static and dynamic response of the icedflexible HVDC lines, in terms of conductor tension, unbalanced horizontal tension and jump height. The influence of ice thickness, ice shedding amount, span length and height difference are studied and the different response of polar conductor, metal returning conductor and the ground wire are compared. Then, conclusions are drawn and useful suggestion for improving the reliability of flexible HVDC transmission lines in cold regions are proposed.
Changing Landscape of Solid Organ Transplantation for Older Adults: Trends and Post-Transplant Age-Related Outcomes

The prevalence of older adults with end organ failure is increasing. This review summarizes recent trends in waitlisting of patients age 65 years and older for solid organ transplantation. Recent data on post-transplantation outcomes in this population are also reviewed. Waitlisting and transplantation rates in older adults are increasing across all categories of solid organ transplantation. Though survival is worse when compared with that in a younger population, survival remains robust and many patients in this population benefit from transplantation. Compared with younger adults, acute rejection is lower; however, 5-year graft survival is worse. Data is sparse on other outcomes such as quality of life and functional status. The population of older adults being listed for solid organ transplantation is likely to continue to grow. Research is needed to evaluate what subgroups will benefit most from this treatment.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Vascular Regeneration

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role during the development of blood vessels and cardiovascular disease progression. Although autologous VSMCs have been used in vascular tissue engineering, it would be desirable to have a renewable source of these cells. To this end, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have provided an attractive approach to generate patient-specific VSMCs in a large scale and have been spearheading the development of novel vascular regeneration strategies, disease modeling, and drug screening for the last decade. This book chapter concisely discusses the progress in the field of vascular regeneration strategies, reprogramming, and VSMC differentiation methods and examines current hiPSC-VSMC-based vascular constructs for regenerative therapy and disease modeling.
Sample test array and recovery (STAR) platform at the National Ignition Facility

We have developed the Sample Test Array and Recovery (STAR) platform for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) for studying the thermal and hydrodynamic responses of materials in extreme environments. The STAR platform expands the range of obtainable fluences and quadruples the rate that materials experiments can be conducted at the NIF. Example configurations are demonstrated for fluences spanning 0.56–34 J/cm2 with environmental isolation for post-shot material recovery and inspection and up to 1740 J/cm2 without isolation, with surface heating rates of up to 2 × 1014 K/s. An example experiment involving thermally driven shock and spallation of aluminum alloy 7075 is briefly discussed.
TRACES OF BLACK FREEDOM IN THE MACHINE: ETHNOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF DIGITAL BLACK RELIGION

There was a time when one wanted to learn about Black religion you went to church, the Black Church to be more specific. The “all-in-one agency” which W.E. B. DuBois described the Black Church as certainly operated as a centralized and essential aspect of Black life. Its networks have come to signify Black believers’ emancipatory visions since its beginning during slavery in America. Today Black users’ contemporary engagement with digital technology has both broadened and complicated the scholarly understanding of the Black Church and Black religion to include more than its Christian manifestation. A number of works provide important theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of black digital use, digital structures of inequality, and counter-discourse production. On the topic of digital religion, works have emphasized the importance of digital technology in mediating religious experience. Yet, despite findings that people of African descent are often early adopters of technology, at the intersections of blackness, religion, and digital technology scholarly work remains sparse. This paper provides both a survey and framework for the study of digital Black religion. The work of Black religious media scholars is paired with that of Heidi Campbell and others writing on digital religion to offer a needed approach to the articulation and study of digital Black religion as a tradition rooted in notions of freedom.
Reconstructions from randomly generated longitudinal electron bunch profiles with Gaussian envelopes using the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm

Knowledge of longitudinal electron bunch profiles is vital to optimize the performance of plasma wakefield accelerators and x-ray free electron laser linacs. Because of their importance to these novel applications, noninvasive frequency domain techniques are often employed to reconstruct longitudinal bunch profiles from coherent synchrotron, transition, or undulator radiation measurements. In this paper, we detail several common reconstruction techniques involving the Kramers–Kronig phase relationship and Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. Through statistical analysis, we draw general conclusions about the accuracy of these reconstruction techniques and the most suitable candidate for reconstructing well-isolated longitudinal bunch profiles from spectroscopic data.
Immunoassays: Principles and assay design

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the principles and design of immunoassays. Immunoassays are constructed as liquid phase immunoassays (LPIA) or solid-phase immunoassays (SPIA) types. Most LPIA are competitive between assayed sample and labeled sample. After determining the fraction of labeled sample bound by antigen or antibody, the concentration of sample is calculated by comparison with results for appropriate standards. In the absence of a solid phase immunoassays to separate labeled and unlabeled samples, the procedure depends upon a change in the specific enzyme activity when antibody-antigen complexes form SPIA for the detection of antigens or antibodies use as reaction indicators, such as a radioactive label for the radioimmunoassay, an enzyme that react with a substrate in an enzyme immunoassay, or a fluorescent dye used in a fluorescent immunoassay. The substrate to be acted on by an enzyme may be fluorescent, radioactive, chemiluminescent or chromogenic. Most SPIAs, for the detection of antigen, employ one of the three methods: competitive, direct, or indirect. Quality control is important because of the complexity and sensitivity of the procedures. These factors tend to magnify errors in performance or materials, and exacting control standards are needed to ensure accurate and precise test results.
Critical Pedagogy Is Too Big to Fail.

This essay responds to Jane Danielewicz’s and Peter Elbow’s recent piece on contract grading in College Composition and Communication (December 2009). I discuss the similarities of their approach to my own contract process, finding that we share a quantitative/performative method for grading. I also explore our differences. While they guarantee students a B grade for meeting quantitative minimums and do not judge writing quality unless it is “better than B,” I grade writing along the full spectrum A-F. I also negotiate the syllabus and grading system instead of announcing it unilaterally, so as to position students as stakeholders who co-author the terms of the contract. Finally, I argue the value of negotiated contracts in light of the neo-liberal capture of school and society.
Speculatively Multithreaded Architectures

Using the increasing number of transistors to build larger dynamic-issue superscalar processors for the purposes of exposing more parallelism has run into problems of diminishing returns, great design complexity, and high power dissipation. While chip multiprocessors (CMPs) alleviate these problems by employing multiple smaller, power-efficient cores to utilize the available transistors, CMPs require parallel programming which is significantly harder than sequential programming. Speculatively multithreaded architectures address both the programmability issues of CMPs and the power–complexity–performance problems of superscalar processors. Speculatively multithreaded architectures partition a sequential program into contiguous program fragments called tasks which are executed in parallel on multiple cores. The architectures execute the tasks in parallel by speculating that the tasks are independent, though the tasks are not guaranteed to be independent. The architecture provides hardware support to detect dependencies and roll back misspeculations. This chapter addresses the key questions of how programs are partitioned into tasks while maximizing inter-task parallelism and how inter-task control-flow and data dependencies (register and memory dependencies) are maintained especially in the distributed multicore organization employed by the speculatively multithreaded architectures.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of Engineering Systems

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Mechanical systems 3. Mathematical models 4. Analytical solutions of system input-output equations 5. Numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations 6. Simulation of dynamic systems 7. Electrical systems 8. Thermal systems 9. Fluid systems 10. Mixed systems 11. Transfer functions 12. Frequency analysis 13. Closed-loop systems and system stability 14. Control systems 15. Analysis of discrete-time systems 16. Digital control systems Appendix 1. Fourier series and the Fourier transformation Appendix 2. Laplace transformations Appendix 3. Matlab tutorial Appendix 4. Simulink tutorial Index.