cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Caregiving Practices on Motor Functioning of Preterm Infants

Objectives Experimental design intervention studies have demonstrated that a model of individualized developmental care based on specific behavioral observation improves medical and behavioral outcome for very small preterm infants. It is proposed that infants who were not directly involved in an experimental intervention study per se, but were patients in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where such studies took place and the model was adopted as the standard of care, demonstrate some of the same benefits as the infants in the experimental study. Method The study was a retrospective descriptive analysis of an existing data set. The functioning of two cohorts of infants, comparable medically and demographically and cared for in an NICU where developmental care research was conducted and subsequently adopted as the standard of care, was measured after discharge with the Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB). Cohort I was cared for before the first study of individualized developmental care in the NICU; Cohort II was cared for after the individualized developmental care approach was adopted as the standard of care for the NICU. Results Cohort II infants demonstrated better scores than Cohort I infants on 8 out of 23 summary variables, 6 of which reflect improved motor functioning. They also showed significantly better scores on 7 of the 17 specific motor variables of the APIB. Conclusion Infants cared for in an NICU with an individualized developmental care approach showed improved motor system functioning compared to infants cared for in the same NICU before the approach was adopted. It is speculated that the individualized developmental approach to care based in the synactive theory of development contributed to the documented improvements. This finding would indicate that functioning of preterm infants, particularly in terms of their motor systems, can be influenced by modification in caregiving.
Occupy economic anthropology

What does it mean to 'do' economic anthropology, now, in the wake of the financial crisis and the re-energizing of public discussion over the nature of debt, credit, speculation, and inequality? Two recent books offer signal insights. This essay suggests they also point towards a specific kind of lingering that may be politically and analytically useful: an occupation of a uniquely anthropological kind. © Royal Anthropological Institute 2012.
Mri findings of isolated beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis presenting as a cervical spine mass case report and review of literature

A patient without prior history of renal failure or hemodialysis presented with weakness of the extremities. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a peri-odontoid soft-tissue mass hypointense to muscle on both T1- and T2-weighted images was noted without obvious bony destruction. Pathological examination revealed degenerated fibrocartilage which stained for amyloid. Further, peroxidase staining for beta-2 microglobulin was positive. We describe the first case of a beta-2 microglobulin peri-odontoid amyloidoma without preceding history of hemodialysis and a review of literature is performed.
Psychosocial Antecedents of Hostility in Persons with Coronary Heart Disease

Although it is known that hostility precedes coronary heart disease (CHD), little is known about factors that influence the development and progression of hostile characteristics. The relations among hostility, self-esteem, self-concept, and psychosocial residual were conceptualized within the modeling and role-modeling theoretical framework and examined in a sample of 85 persons with CHD. There were significant associations between all variables. Regression analyses revealed that self-esteem, mistrust residual, isolation residual, and self-concept contributed significantly, accounting for 31% of the variation in hostility scores. These findings provide support for the belief that the development of hostility in persons with CHD is related to beliefs and attitudes about the self and others. Persons with self-esteem need deficits, and a subsequent build up of negative psychosocial residual, have poor self-concepts. This poor self-concept is hostile in nature and reflects a mistrust of others and a deep sen...
Pathogenic Role of Store-Operated and Receptor-Operated Ca2+ Channels in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary circulation is an important circulatory system in which the body brings in oxygen. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease that predominantly affects women. Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, in situ thrombosis, and increased pulmonary vascular stiffness are the major causes for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with PAH. The elevated PVR causes an increase in afterload in the right ventricle, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, right heart failure, and eventually death. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of PAH is important for developing more effective therapeutic approach for the disease. An increase in cytosolic free concentration () in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for PASMC migration and proliferation which lead to pulmonary vascular wall thickening and remodeling. It is thus pertinent to define the pathogenic role of signaling in pulmonary vasoconstriction and PASMC proliferation to develop new therapies for PAH. in PASMC is increased by influx through channels in the plasma membrane and by release or mobilization from the intracellular stores, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are two entry pathways, voltage-dependent influx through voltage-dependent channels (VDCC) and voltage-independent influx through store-operated Ca2
Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors

Malignant mesenchymal tumors can either metastasize to the liver or less frequently present as primary hepatic neoplasms. Certain entities such as hepatic angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can occasionally be encountered in the routine practice of surgical pathology, whereas others discussed in this chapter are rare, some only encountered in a handful of case reports. The chapter describes the clinical and pathologic features of primary malignant mesenchymal tumors occurring in the liver, illustrates examples of them, and discusses key points in their differential diagnoses.
Reading queer counter-narratives in the high-school literature classroom: possibilities and challenges

ABSTRACTDrawing on an ethnographic case study of a 13-week Gay and Lesbian Literature course, this paper explores how a high-school teacher and her students engaged with queer-themed literature. Focused on episodes around the class’ engagement with two of the novels read in the course – Rita Mae Brown's Rubyfruit Jungle and Michael Cunningham's The Hours – the paper offers insights into how these queer counter-narratives opened up spaces for unanticipated queer moments which intervened disruptively into the heteronormative space of the English literature classroom, while also revealing the persistency of heteronormative discourses. This research raises questions about the pedagogical frameworks which guide the implementation of curricula focused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer topics in secondary schools. I suggest that queer counter-narratives provide productive sites where teachers and their student readers can negotiate the paradoxes of contemporary queer subjectivities as they wrestl...
Cardiovascular disease documentation and counseling in electronic medical records

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between clinical reminders generated by electronic medical record (EMR) systems and providers giving prevention counseling to patients at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data were extracted from the 2012 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Results indicate that the providers routinely using clinical reminders are significantly more likely to document height and weight data to determine risk and provide the recommended counseling to patients that merit the intervention. The findings are important for policymakers and managers that have been promoting the adoption of more sophisticated EMR decision support functionalities across the care delivery spectrum. In particular, the ability to intervene prior to negative health events is an important feature of the movement to improve care quality and reduce costs.
A Bacteriologic Survey of Cows in a Certified Dairy.

Suspicion was at first directed to the bottling machine and later to the cooling chamber, but plate counts made from milk before it entered either machine showed the presence of large numbers of organisms, thus pointing to some difficulty earlier in the process of milk production. Agar plate counts made from individual buckets at milking time resulted finally in the discovery that certain cows were responsible for the high counts. These animals were immediately removed from the barn and sold. A single plate count was also made on each remaining animal, so that, prior to my own connection with the dairy, 25 more were also removed from the main barn and isolated from the milking herd.
Hectopsylla psittaci, a South American sticktight flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), established in cliff swallow nests in California, USA

One hundred and seventy-five specimens (85 males, 90 females) of Hectopsylla psittaci (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) were collected from 11 abandoned nests of Cliff Swallows, Hirundo pyrrhonota , on 15 February 1981 and 4 November 1982 near Newark, Alameda Co., California, USA. Thirteen females were also collected from Cliff Swallows and Black Phoebes ( Sayornis nigricans ) in southern California. Two previous reports of this flea on birds in North America, both in California, were explained by importation of captive birds and by natural introduction on Cliff Swallows having recently returned on their migration from South America. The collection of H. psittaci from unoccupied Cliff Swallow nests confirms that this flea is established in North America and demonstrates that males and females of this species are equally abundant at emergence.
Pathogenesis of Opsoclonus Myoclonus

The proceedings of the 2nd International Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS) Symposium (Feb 6-8, 2003; Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK) are summarized from the Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK.
Rapid Access to Dimethylcyclopentadienyltitanium(IV) Amidinate, (C5R5)TiMe2[NR1C(R2)NR3] (R = H and Me; R2 = Me), Libraries

Facile insertion of carbodiimides, R1NCNR3, into a Ti−CMe bond of (C5R5)TiMe3 (R = H and Me) (2a and 2b, respectively) in pentane solutions at 25 °C provides a wide range of derivatives of (C5R5)TiMe2[NR1C(Me)NR3] (1) in high yield. Low barriers to racemization (≤15 kcal mol-1) have been determined for derivatives of 1 where R1 ≠ R3, and further, a preliminary screen has found some of these to be Ziegler−Natta catalyst precursors for the polymerization of ethylene upon activation with methylaluminoxane.
Hardwiring microbes via direct interspecies electron transfer: mechanisms and applications

Multicellular microbial communities are important catalysts in engineered systems designed to treat wastewater, remediate contaminated sediments, and produce energy from biomass. Understanding the interspecies interactions within them is therefore essential to design effective processes. The flow of electrons within these communities is especially important in the determination of reaction possibilities (thermodynamics) and rates (kinetics). Conventional models of electron transfer incorporate the diffusion of metabolites generated by one organism and consumed by a second, frequently referred to as mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET). Evidence has emerged in the last decade that another method, called direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), may occur between organisms or in conjunction with electrically conductive materials. Recent research has suggested that DIET can be stimulated in engineered systems to improve desired treatment goals and energy recovery in systems such as anaerobic digesters and microbial electrochemical technologies. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of DIET mechanisms, the associated microorganisms, and the underlying thermodynamics. We also critically examine approaches to stimulate DIET in engineered systems and assess their effectiveness. We find that in most cases attempts to promote DIET in mixed culture systems do not yield the improvements expected based on defined culture studies. Uncertainties of other processes that may be co-occurring in real systems, such as contaminant sorption and biofilm promotion, need to be further investigated. We conclude by identifying areas of future research related to DIET and its application in biological treatment processes.
Metabolic Imaging to Assess Treatment Response to Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Agents

For several decades, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents were considered the basis of anti-cancer treatment for patients with metastatic tumors. A decrease in tumor burden, assessed by volumetric computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), was considered as a radiological response to cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition to RECIST-based dimensional measurements, a metabolic response to cytotoxic drugs can be assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluoro-thymidine (FLT) as a radioactive tracer for drug-disrupted DNA synthesis. The decreased 18FLT-PET uptake is often seen concurrently with increased apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) due to chemotherapy-induced changes in tumor cellularity. Recently, the discovery of molecular origins of tumorogenesis led to the introduction of novel signal transduction inhibitors (STIs). STIs are targeted cytostatic agents; their effect is based on a specific biological inhibition with no immediate cell death. As such, tumor size is not anymore a sensitive end-point for a treatment response to STIs; novel physiological imaging end-points are desirable. For receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as modulators of the downstream signaling pathways, an almost immediate inhibition in glycolytic activity (the Warburg effect) and phospholipid turnover (the Kennedy pathway) has been seen by metabolic imaging in the first 24 hours of treatment. The quantitative imaging end-points by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and metabolic PET (including 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose, FDG, and total choline) provide an early treatment response to targeted STIs, before a reduction in tumor burden can be seen.
Conventions and Responses

Galsworthy’s duplication of his father’s role, was implicit almost from the beginning of his school days, both in the positions of control he earned in the hierarchies among boys and in the stance of the calm arbitrator. Tutored at home by governesses until he was nine, he then went to a small school called Saugeen in Bournemouth, taken there each term by his father’s confidential clerk. The school was run by a Mr Brackenbury and his wife, regarded as tolerant and warm-hearted surrogate parents. Several of Galsworthy’s cousins and, later, his brother Hubert also attended. Johnny, now often called “Jack”, was not very good at cricket, but was an enthusiastic participant in all sports and by 1879 had become “the second best runner in the school”.1 His work was sound and adequate, although not quick or precocious. He sang in the church choir and appeared in all the school plays, particularly welcoming one role as “A Rude Boy”. His outstanding characteristic, according to the comments Ada Galsworthy and H. V. Marrot solicited for the official biography, was still his extraordinary equanimity. Some of his contemporaries added that “his reserve and pleasant aloofness”2 set him apart from others. One of the masters nicknamed him “Peace”, although his brother did not see him in quite that way.
Adoption of Energy Star certifications: theory and evidence compared

ABSTRACTEnergy Star, the largest voluntary housing eco-labelling programme in the US, conveys important signals to housing market actors about the energy efficiency of homes. With energy demand from housing being a significant energy consumer and contributor to climate change, gaining insight into the diffusion patterns of these certifications is an important analytical step. Informed by theories of new product adoption, research is used to identify the factors associated with the diffusion patterns of Energy Star certifications into US single-family housing from 2002 to 2013. The findings are generally congruent with recent studies of energy-efficiency adoption patterns in commercial property (real estate) and residential building construction. The key significant predictors of variation in the proportion of Energy Star-certified homes across US core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) are found to be public policy, climate, market attributes, industry characteristics and energy prices.
Robust control for parallel operated L-Inverters with uncertainty and disturbance estimator

In conventional droop control, accurate proportional load sharing could not be achieved among parallel operated inverters due to the mismatch of output impedance and system disturbances. In this paper, an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based robust droop control strategy is proposed for accurate proportional load sharing, particularly reactive power sharing, among parallel operated L-inverters. The reactive power dynamics is derived from power delivery equation passed by a low-pass filter, while the reactive power reference is designed with the feedback of load voltage. The reactive power control is developed based on UDE-based method. The model nonlinearity and uncertainty (e.g., power angle), and system operation disturbances (e.g., change of output impedance, and load change), can be estimated and compensated by this UDE-based robust droop control. Experimental validation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Interictal EEG Spikes Identify Seizure Focus

A computerized spike detector was used to measure and localize interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) over prolonged, representative segments of recordings in 19 children with intractable, mostly extratemporal lobe epilepsy.
Conserved role for Gga proteins in phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase localization to the trans-Golgi network.

Phosphoinositides serve as key membrane determinants for assembly of clathrin coat proteins that drive formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. At the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) plays important roles in recruitment of two major clathrin adaptors, Gga (Golgi-localized, gamma-adaptin ear homology, Arf-binding) proteins and the AP-1 (assembly protein-1) complex. The molecular mechanisms that mediate localization of phosphatidylinositol kinases responsible for synthesis of PtdIns4P at the TGN are not well characterized. We identify two motifs in the yeast phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, Pik1, which are required for binding to the VHS domain of Gga2. Mutations in these motifs that inhibit Gga2–VHS binding resulted in reduced Pik1 localization and delayed accumulation of PtdIns4P and recruitment of AP-1 to the TGN. The Pik1 homolog in mammals, PI4KIIIβ, interacted preferentially with the VHS domain of GGA2 compared with VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA3. Depletion of GGA2, but not GGA1 or GGA3, specifically affected PI4KIIIβ localization. These results reveal a conserved role for Gga proteins in regulating phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the TGN.
Intercellular transmission of the unfolded protein response promotes survival and drug resistance in cancer cells

Increased protein translation in cells and various factors in the tumor microenvironment can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR). We have previously reported that factors released from cancer cells mounting a UPR induce a de novo UPR in bone marrow–derived myeloid cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that facilitates protumorigenic characteristics in culture and tumor growth in vivo. We investigated whether this intercellular signaling, which we have termed transmissible ER stress (TERS), also operates between cancer cells and what its functional consequences were within the tumor. We found that TERS signaling induced a UPR in recipient human prostate cancer cells that included the cell surface expression of the chaperone GRP78. TERS also activated Wnt signaling in recipient cancer cells and enhanced resistance to nutrient starvation and common chemotherapies such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the microtubule inhibitor paclitaxel. TERS-induced activation of Wnt signaling required the UPR kinase and endonuclease IRE1. However, TERS-induced enhancement of cell survival was predominantly mediated by the UPR kinase PERK and a reduction in the abundance of the transcription factor ATF4, which prevented the activation of the transcription factor CHOP and, consequently, the induction of apoptosis. When implanted in mice, TERS-primed cancer cells gave rise to faster growing tumors than did vehicle-primed cancer cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TERS is a mechanism of intercellular communication through which tumor cells can adapt to stressful environments.
What Good Is Cake If You Can’t Eat It? Prescriptions for and Conclusions About American Attitudinal Hypocrisy

After conglomerating the eclectic empirical and aesthetic concoctions of the previous chapters, what conclusions can be drawn? Broadly, the deep distinctions between social issues and economic issues are tough to overstate; what drove either category of issue hypocrisies was typically rooted in ideologically interactive effects and fundamental dispositional divisions. As a result, I discourage all who are even negligibly politically engaged from attacking one another for wielding contradictory attitudes—and not just because the 2016 electorate had absolutely zero people with non-hypocritical attitudes (viz., the pot calling the kettle black). Instead, I celebrate attitudinal hypocrisy because it is mostly uncontrollable and universal to political ideology. Though it has its limits (e.g., prejudicial attitudes and avoidance of scientific progress) and its drawbacks (e.g., unprincipled people with political power), attitudinal hypocrisy is an important research avenue and an important part of including oneself in a political community.
A highly efficient and linear 15 GHz GaN power amplifier design for 5G communications

A highly efficient two-stage 15 GHz fully-integrated GaN power amplifier (PA) designed for 5G communication is reported. SPICE simulations show this two-stage PA achieves an output 1 dB compression P OUT, 1dB = 32.2 dBm with 28.2 dB gain and 30.0% PAE (power-added efficiency) for CW operation at 15 GHz. Its PAE reaches 38.7% at P OUT = 34.0 dBm with a gain of 22.0 dB. Simulations also suggest that dynamic supply modulation from 28 V to 10 V may modestly improve the PA's efficiency at power back-off. When the PA is driven with 5/10/20 MHz LTE 16QAM modulated signals, the simulated output spectra and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) at P OUT, 1dB = 32.2 dBm passed the LTE spectrum emission mask (SEM) without any predistortion (P in = 4dBm), and the wider modulated signal bandwidth from 5 MHz to 20 MHz does not noticeably worsen the PA linearity. State-of-the-art literature survey suggests this highly efficient and linear GaN PA may be quite attractive for 5G PA applications at 15 GHz.
The Multiple Outputs of Energetic Pulsars

This talk commented on our progress in understanding high Ė pulsar output, with the photon power dominated by GeV radiation and the total power dominated by the e±/B wind. We are increasingly appreciating the anisotropy in these outflows, with high energy pulsar beaming probed by the distribution of γ-ray pulse profiles and wind anisotropy mapped by synchrotron images of PWNe. Possible hemispheric asymmetry and the prospects for additional probes of pulsar spindown, particularly from compact binaries in the black widow class, are briefly mentioned.
The Role of Macrophage-Derived Nitric Oxide in Tumor Cell Death

Activated macrophages can distinguish tumor cells from their normal cellular counterparts and have been shown capable of achieving tumor cell toxicity or growth inhibition. Macrophage-derived nitric oxide can induce apoptotic death in NO-sensitive tumor cells. Studies to be presented in this chapter demonstrate that specific tumor cells are resistant to NO-mediated apoptosis, and several mechanisms for this resistant phenotype are explored.
Tackling memory access latency through DRAM row management

Memory latency is a critical bottleneck in today's systems. The organization of the DRAM main memory necessitates sensing and reading an entire row (around 4KB) of data in order to access a single cache block. The benefit of this organization is that subsequent accesses to the same row can be served faster (row hits). However, accesses to other rows incur high latency to prepare the DRAM bank for a subsequent access and read the contents of the new row (row conflicts). Therefore, the decision on how long a row is held open for is a key factor that determines the access latency incurred by requests to memory. While prior work has tackled this problem, existing solutions are either complex or ineffective. Our goal, in this work, is to build a row management scheme that is simple yet effective. Towards this end, we first build a scoreboard scheme that determines how long to hold a row open, by i) predicting the number of row hits and row conflicts for different lengths of time rows are held open and ii) picking the time that maximizes row hits without increasing row conflicts significantly. We then observe that a small set of rows tend to experience a large number of back-to-back accesses. We build a row exclusion scheme that identifies such rows and prevents them from being closed until the next access to a different row arrives. Our evaluations show that our scoreboard and row exclusion policies together incur less than 0.4% of the additional storage cost of the most effective prior mechanism, while surpassing it in terms of performance.
Detection, Location Estimation, and CRLB of a Streaking Target in an FPA With a Poisson Model

This paper deals with measurement extraction, from an optical sensor's Focal Plane Array (FPA), of a streaking target. We use a model that assumes pixels are separated by dead zones and model the streaking target's point spread function (PSF) as a Gaussian PSF that moves during the optical sensor's integration time. We make an assumption that the target has a constant velocity over the sampling interval and parametrize its motion with a starting and ending position. The noise model for a single pixel has variance proportional to its area, consistent with a Poisson model of the number of nontarget originated photons. We develop a maximum likelihood (ML) method of estimating the target motion parameter vector based on the set of pixel measurements from the optical sensor. This paper then derives the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the estimation error of the target motion parameter. We then present a matched filter (MF) based definition of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to use as a basis for comparison of Monte Carlo simulation based location estimates to the calculated CRLB. It is shown that the ML estimator for the starting and ending positions of a streak in the FPA is efficient for MFSNR $\geq 12$ dB. We then provide a test statistic for target detection and propose approximate distributions to set the detection threshold for specific detection ( $P_D$ ) and false alarm probabilities ( $P_{\text{FA}}$ ), which are then verified via simulations. This paper's major contributions are the proposal of an ML/MF method for measurement extraction of streaking targets, confirmation that this method achieves the best accuracy possible for realistic FPA sensors, i.e., it attains the CRLB, the introduction of a statistically supported definition of SNR for these measurements, and an evaluation of the target measurement detection performance. Furthermore, this paper shows that, given our MFSNR definition, the streak length and direction of motion in the FPA have a negligible effect on performance compared to the SNR where we show that with a 4-dB change, the detection performance increases dramatically.
Competency-Based Approaches to Community Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Childhood Obesity among Latino Preschool-Aged Children.

Abstract Background: Health behavior change interventions that target childhood obesity in minority populations have led to inconsistent and short-lived results. The purpose of this study was to te...
Epithelial cells: liaisons of immunity

The surface and lining tissues of our body are exposed to the external environment, and as such these epithelial tissues must form structural barriers able to defend against microbes, environmental toxins, and mechanical stress. Their cells are equipped to detect a diverse array of surface perturbations, and then launch signaling relays to the immune system. The aim of these liaisons is to coordinate the requisite immune cell response needed to preserve and/or restore barrier integrity and defend the host. It has been recently appreciated that epithelial cells learn from these experiences. Following inflammatory exposure, long-lived stem cells within the tissue retain an epigenetic memory that endows them with heightened responsiveness to subsequent encounters with stress. Here, we review the recent literature on how epithelial cells sense signals from microbes, allergens, and injury at the tissue surface, and transmit this information to immune cells, while embedding a memory of the experience within their chromatin.
DEFINING THE BORDERLINE HIP: HIGH VARIABILITY IN ACETABULAR COVERAGE AND FEMORAL DEFORMITY

Objectives:Borderline acetabular dysplasia is radiographically defined as a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of 20-25 degrees. It is well accepted that some borderline hips have instability while o...
Debt-Related Financial Hardship and Health:

Recent research shows personal financial debt is an important socioeconomic determinant of health, but the mechanisms through which it operates are not well understood. This article uses data from a mixed-methods study to explore how changes in spending and behavior that result from debt have salient health consequences in a cross-sectional sample of Boston area adults (n = 286). Findings show that a large majority of respondents had skipped medical care, housing payments, or consumer purchases at least once because of their debt. Controlling for multiple sociodemographic characteristics, each of these measures of debt-related behavior change was associated with worse self-rated health, and higher depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress. In models including all three measures, skipped medical care was associated with worse health across all outcomes, while skipped consumer purchases were associated with higher perceived stress and depression. These findings suggest that altered spending and care-seeking behaviors are potential pathways through which financial debt can negatively affect health and suggest areas in need of additional research.
Social justice in counseling: moving to a multiplistic approach

In counseling, much of the social justice scholarship and discourse is centralized around a general and singular conceptualization of social justice. In this manuscript, we review interdisciplinary...
A Reformulation of the Economic Theory of Fertility

When parents are altruistic toward children, the choices of fertility and consumption come from the maximization of a dynastic utility function. The maximization conditions imply first, an arbitrage condition for consumption across generations, and second, the equation of the benefit from an extra child to the net cost of rearing that child. These conditions imply that fertility in open economies depends positively on the world interest rate, on the degree of altruism, and on the growth of child-survival probabilities; and negatively on the rate of technical progress and the growth rate of social security. The growth of consumption across generations depends on changes in the net cost of rearing children, but not on interest rates or tirne preference. Even when we include life-cycle elements, we conclude that the growth of aggregate consumption per capita depends in the long run on the growth of consumption across generations. Thereby we show that real interest rates and growth rates of consumption per capita would be unrelated in the long run.
When Numbers Lie: the Under-Reporting of Police Justifiable Homicides

The Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is tasked with tracking the number of police-involved homicides in a given year. Over a ten-year period, the BJS published the average number of police-involved homicides at 400 annually. However, the BJS’s ability to provide accurate information in this area is woefully lacking because of systemic failures in its data collection from law enforcement agencies. These deficiencies result in hundreds of police-involved homicides being unreported. What results is an incomplete picture for local, state, and federal agencies to make assessments as to how the over 18,000 law enforcement agencies are performing concerning the use of force, training, and de-escalation techniques. Several non-profits and news agencies have filled in the gap created by the BJS to portray an accurate picture of how many lives are taken by police officers in a given year. Their efforts show that close to 1,000 people are killed by police under the use of force doctrine—a figure over twice as high as the BJS published. A growing concern over law enforcement’s use-of-deadly force prompted Congress to enact the Death-in-Custody Reporting Act (DCRA), signed into law in December 2014. The simplicity of the DCRA should allow the BJS to collect accurate data in the future. However, the DCRA still relies solely on self-reporting from law enforcement agencies as a base for its data analysis. This article examines the police-involved homicides of John Crawford, Michael Brown, and Tamir Rice to highlight the errors that can easily happen in data collection and suggests remedies to ensure accurate account of the number of police-involved homicides in a given year. The success of the DCRA depends on diversification of data collection similar to non-profits and media which have greater accuracy and detail concerning police involved homicides. The BJS must adopt broader data collection protocols to ensure data accuracy and allow governmental agencies to make appropriate policy assessments based on that data. Only then can effective changes in police officer training on use of force help to curb the high number of deaths each year.
Managing high-risk fresh cows

Although fresh cows are often managed as homogeneous groups, tools are becoming available to identify cows at high risk for specific disease conditions, as well as information which describes cows that are most likely to respond to disease interventions. This approach is particularly applicable to hypocalcemia, because it occurs in a short time window around calving and because it has clear risk factors. New data show that early lactation hypocalcemia clearly reduces milk yield and increases risk for displaced abomasum and early lactation culling. Oral calcium supplementation can be targeted to individual cows. The response to oral calcium bolus supplementation around calving is greatest for cows with higher milk production in the previous lactation and for lame cows.
Polarization Monitor For Thin Film Depositions

An automatic ellipsometer has been designed, fabricated and integrated into a large vacuum chamber to monitor the deposition of multilayer phase retarders. This technique offers several advantages over conventional monitoring techniques. Precise control of the phase retardance properties of multilayer coatings is possible due to the sensitivity of the ellipsometric parameters Δ and ψ to the changes in film thickness. Phase measurements of several multilayer coating designs deposited using this monitoring technique are presented.
Criteria and procedures in quality assurance to validate UV/VIS and UV/VIS/NIR spectrometers

Abstract In recent years, the quality of analytical work and results has become a discussion topic worldwide. The reason is the validity and comparability of results on a global level to ensure that the quality of final products is offered to customers. It is driven by international organisations especially in the pharmaceutical, food and environmental markets and includes all analytical techniques applied to these application areas. UV-Visible spectrophotometry is amongst the simpler techniques to be certified and validated in terms of instrumentation and methodology. Standards and procedures are described and discussed
An Iterative Method for Fast Mesh Denoising

A new approach for removing noises from a corrupted 3D model (mesh or surface) of arbitrary topology is presented. The basic idea is to transform a space domain model into a frequency-like domain representation and achieve denoising by low pass filtering. The transformation from space domain to frequency domain is done by decomposing the 3D model into an infinite series of meshes of the same topology but less magnitude so that each mesh represents part of the information of the given model, with some meshes containing more information on overall shape while others containing more on subtle details. The transformation process does not require setting up any linear systems, nor any matrix computation, but is done by iteratively moving vertices of the given mesh locally until a smooth model with noises properly removed is reached. The iterative process converges at an exponential rate. Therefore the new iterative method is very fast and can be used for meshes with large number of vertices. The mesh decomposition scheme is obtained using the concept of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces, but the same idea can be applied to other subdivision schemes as well. Some test results obtained using this method are included. They show that the iterative method can achieve visually pleasant resulting models with noises properly removed.
Bursting induces persistent all-or-none EPSPs by an NMDA-dependent process in piriform cortex

Burst responses to stimulation of excitatory fiber tracts in olfactory cortex slices after removal of extracellular Mg2+ or decreases in extracellular Cl-, resulted in long-lasting changes in response properties of neurons following a return to normal bathing medium. After bursting activity, the response of pyramidal cells to stimulation of afferent or associational fiber systems consisted of the normal graded depolarizing postsynaptic potential and a new, high-amplitude depolarizing potential that followed the graded potential at a variable latency. The new late potential had a waveform that resembled the initial graded response, but it occurred in an all-or-none fashion with a discrete threshold and persisted for many hours. Threshold for the late potential was similar for different cells in the same slice and was not affected by intracellular current injection, indicating that a synchronized interaction among a large number of cells is involved in its generation. Properties of the late potential indicate that it is an EPSP. NMDA receptor antagonists (APV and ketamine) had little effect on the late potential but prevented its development if present during bursting activity. The possible relevance of these findings to the study of the neuronal substrate for long-term memory and epilepsy is discussed.
A practice-based intervention to improve primary care for falls, urinary incontinence, and dementia.

(See editorial comments by C. Seth Landefeld, pp 556–558)OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a practice-based in-tervention can improve care for falls, urinary incontinence,and cognitive impairment.DESIGN: Controlled trial.SETTING: Two community medical groups.PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling patients (357 atinterventionsitesand287atcontrolsites)aged75andolderidentiﬁed as having difﬁculty with falls, incontinence, orcognitive impairment.INTERVENTION: Intervention and control practices re-ceived condition case-ﬁnding, but only intervention practicesreceived a multicomponent practice-change intervention.MEASUREMENTS: Percentage of quality indicators sat-isﬁed measured using a 13-month medical record abstrac-tion.RESULTS: Before the intervention, the quality of care wasthe same in intervention and control groups. Screening tri-pled the number of patients identiﬁed as needing care forfalls, incontinence, or cognitive impairment. During the in-tervention, overall care for the three conditions was betterin the intervention than the control group (41%, 95% con-ﬁdence interval (CI)535–46% vs 25%, 95% CI520–30%, Po.001). Intervention group patients received bettercare for falls (44% vs 23%, Po.001) and incontinence(37% vs 22%, Po.001) but not for cognitive impairment(44% vs 41%, P5.67) than control group patients. Theintervention was more effective for conditions identiﬁed byscreening than for conditions identiﬁed through usual care.CONCLUSION: A practice-based intervention integratedinto usual clinical care can improve primary care for fallsand urinary incontinence, although even with the interven-tion, less than half of the recommended care for these con-ditionswasprovided.More-intensiveinterventions,suchasembedding intervention components into an electronicmedical record, will be needed to adequately improve carefor falls and incontinence. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:547–555,2009.Key words: practice-based intervention; geriatric qualityof care; clinical care improvement
Electromagnetic interference from wind turbines

Summary form only given. During the late nineteen seventies and eighties the University of Michigan Radiation Laboratory, under sponsorship from the US Department of Energy, studied theoretically and experimentally the effects of wind turbines (WTs) on the performance of various electromagnetic systems. The article summarizes selected portions of the fundamental work carried out and techniques developed under the program which are now routinely used throughout the world for such interference measurements and analyses. To a receiver of electromagnetic signals in the vicinity of a WT, the rotating blades act as a time varying multipath source. As a result of the scattering from the blades the total signals received are generally amplitude and phase (or frequency) modulated. The former being more dominant for slow moving WTs. These extraneous modulations of the desired signal, if sufficiently strong, can adversely affect the performance of an electromagnetic system. The degree and nature of the interference will depend on the signal transmission and reception methods used by the system, and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the WT blades. Wide-ranging theoretical and experimental investigation of the electromagnetic effects of large WTs on the performance of TV and FM broadcast reception, microwave link and variety of navigation systems were carried out. The WT interference effects on TV reception were studied most extensively.
The relative significance of acetate and glucose as precursors for lipid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue from ruminants

1. The incorporation of labelled glucose into lipid by liver slices from sheep and cows is considerably less than that by liver slices from the rat, although oxidation to carbon dioxide occurs to a similar extent. ATP citrate lyase and NADP malate dehydrogenase are inactive in both sheep and cow liver but active in rat liver. The absence of the citrate-cleavage pathway of lipogenesis in ruminant liver has been confirmed by the negligible amounts of C-3 of aspartate incorporated into fatty acids. 2. Considerable amounts of [14C]acetate are incorporated into fatty acids and non-saponifiable lipid in rat and ruminant liver. Acetyl-CoA synthetase, the initial enzyme in the metabolism of acetate, has a high activity in liver from rat and ruminants. 3. In adipose tissue from ruminants more acetate than glucose is converted into lipids, whereas the converse is true in rat adipose tissue. The greater incorporation of [14C]acetate into fatty acids in adipose tissue from the ruminant as compared with the non-ruminant may be caused, in part, by the higher activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase activity in the ruminant. 4. The results suggest that, in both liver and adipose tissue from ruminants, acetate is a more important source of lipid than glucose. 5. Two enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, are active in both tissues and from the three species.
Electrical injuries and lightning

Prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation is key to the resuscitation of lightning strike victims. Multiple accounts exist of successful revival of victims thought to be "dead" or in patients who have what is often believed to be unresuscitatable cardiac dysrhythmia. Victims of lightning injury may, in addition to their electrical injury, have secondary injuries that require expedient care if significant morbidity is to be avoided. They should be treated as any victim of trauma, that is, with a complete and thorough evaluation including hospitalization if warranted. In the absence of a cardiac arrest or serious secondary injury, care for the lightning strike victim is generally supportive in nature.
Biorhythms of the primate uterus (Macaca mulatta) during labor and delivery.

Abstract The association between the documented spontaneous biorhythms of uterine activity, uterine artery blood flow, and aortic blood pressure and the processes of labor and delivery was explored in 17 nonmedicated rhesus monkeys for 18 pregnancies. The characteristic circadian variations of higher hourly average values of uterine activity during periods of light than during periods of darkness were incorporated in a statistically distinct, predictable, and repetitive manner into the events of parturition. Variations in uterine artery blood flow reflected changes in intra-amniotic pressure. In those animals in which delivery occurred at night, a shift in maximal values of uterine activity from periods of light to periods of darkness occurred 48 to 60 hours prior to delivery. Progressive linear increases in hourly average values of frequency of contraction and aortic blood pressure consistently began 24 to 36 hours prior to delivery. These changes suggest that specific, directly related prodromal events occur within the maternal organism hours before parturition in the nonhuman primate.