cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of magnesium therapy on the duration of labor.

Abstract Magnesium is an accepted drug in the management of toxemia of pregnancy, and is employed by many physicians as the anticonvulsant agent of choice in the therapy of this commonly encountered gestational disease. Many modes of administration and variable dosage schedules have been evolved over the past half century, ranging from small quantities given orally to relatively large amounts introduced by the parenteral route. In a recent study conducted at the University of Virginia Hospital, 5 it was suggested that prompt, rapidly attained, and effective magnesium blood levels (7 to 8 mEq. per liter) could best be effected by introducing this agent intravenously. Therefore, during the last 30 months, pre-eclamptic and eclamptic patients admitted to the Obstetric and Gynecologic Service of the University Hospital have received magnesium intravenously in high dosages. Clinical observations carried out in our labor and delivery suites have, however, given the impression that the intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate, in sufficient concentration, results in a prolongation of labor. Inasmuch as the commonly utilized sedative drugs morphine, meperidine, and phenobarbital used in the therapy of toxemia have been seemingly exonerated of a direct uterine depressant activity, 14 and since the only departure from the customary therapeutic regimen during the past 30 months from that employed previously was the elevation of the serum magnesium level, it appeared probable that, if labor were in truth prolonged in these patients, the magnesium ion was depressant to the human myometrium during labor. It was in an attempt to clarify this point that the present study was undertaken.
Logic Programming from the Perspective of Algebraic Semantics

We present an approach to foundations of logic programming in which the connection with algebraic semantics becomes apparent. The approach is based on omega-Herbrand models instead of conventional Herbrand models. We give a proof of Clark's theorem on completeness of SLD-resolution by methods of the algebraic semantics. We prove the existence property for definite programs.
N-Acetylcysteine Prevents 4-Hydroxynonenal- and Amyloid-β-Induced Modification and Inactivation of Neprilysin in SH-SY5Y Cells

As one of the dominant amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) proteases, neprilysin (NEP) plays a crucial role in maintaining a physiologic balance between Abeta production and catabolism. We have previously shown that NEP is modified by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) adducts, resulting in decreased activity in the brain of AD patients and cultured cells. In order to determine whether antioxidants can rescue NEP, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with HNE or Abeta, together with N-acetylcysteine for 24 hours, prior to analysis of NEP protein levels, activity, and oxidative modifications. Intracellular NEP developed HNE adducts after 24 hours of HNE or Abeta treatment as determined by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and double immunofluorescence staining. N-acetylcysteine at 10 to 100 microM alleviated HNE adduction after HNE or Abeta treatment. In keeping with previous reports, HNE-modified NEP showed decreased catalytic activity. The present study demonstrates that antioxidants can be used to spare NEP from oxidative modification, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants in aging or Alzheimer's disease.
Relationship between serum NR2a antibodies and cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To assess the association between serum NR2a antibodies and cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The study population consisted of English-speaking adults who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE and had at least 1 serum sample stored in the Hospital for Special Surgery Autoimmune Registry and Repository. Demographic and clinical information was obtained, and patients completed the neuropsychological test battery recommended by the ACR, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Cognitive impairment was defined as scores >1.5 SD below the mean of age-matched published normative data on at least 2 neuropsychological tests. Sera were tested for NR2a antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Performance on neuropsychological tests was compared between NR2a-positive and NR2a-negative patients. Results Of the 93 patients, 24 (25.8%) were positive for NR2a antibodies. Of the 48 patients who were cognitively impaired based on test results, 31% were positive for NR2a antibodies, compared with 20% of those who were not cognitively impaired (P = 0.24). Among antibody-positive patients, the mean ± SD number of neuropsychological tests with abnormal results was 2.3 ± 2.2, compared with 2.0 ± 1.8 in the antibody-negative group (P = 0.59). Similar nonsignificant differences were found when impairment was defined using a more stringent definition (i.e., test scores >2.0 SD below the mean) and using a neuropsychologist's clinical ratings. No association was detected between NR2a antibody positivity and depressive symptoms (P = 0.73) or anxiety (P = 0.42). Conclusion No significant association was found between NR2a antibody positivity and cognitive dysfunction, depressive symptoms, or anxiety. These results indicate that the presence of these antibodies alone does not have a direct effect on cognitive functioning or any other neuropsychiatric manifestation of SLE.
Escenificación corporal y autorreferencialidad en el entremés La casa holgona de Pedro Calderón de la Barca

El entremes, debido a su brevedad temporal, y a su lenguaje y tematica absurdos, se ha clasificado como genero menor en el contexto dramatico del siglo XVII, junto con la loa y la mojiganga. En este ensayo examino el entremes con el intento de reexaminar su designacion y definicion como "teatro menor." Arguyo que el entremes se convierte en un elemento necesario de la comedia no solo por razones de entretenimiento, sino tambien por su habilidad de crear un espacio en donde se representa lo invisible, lo inexplicable y lo ilegal. Este estudio considera las intervenciones historicas e ideologicas de los moralistas, enfocandose en como las inscripciones figurativas del cuerpo en La casa holgona rompen con los discursos dominantes mediante la creacion de espacios de resistencia. (AA)
ECOTYPIC VARIATION IN LARREA DIVARICATA

A B S T R A C T Data on rate of germination, rate of growth, and temperature and moisture responses of creosotebush (Larrea divaricata Cav.) seedlings from the Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert suggest that the species as it occurs in North America is comprised of at least two major genetic population systems or ecotypes. Compared to the Chihuahuan Desert ecotype, that of the Sonoran Desert is characterized by a taller, more erect and more open growth form, more slender and less ineurved leaflets, slower germination rate, slower initial growth rate of the seedling, less tolerance for low temperature, and greater tolerance for low moisture. IN NORTH AMERICA the populations of creosotebush (Larrea divaricata Cav.) in the southwestern United States occur more or less continuously from Kern Co., Calif. (long 1180 30'), in the west, to Duval Co., Texas (long 980 40'), in the east. The populations are distributed over an eastwest climatic gradient, with mean annual precipitation varying from as little as 3 inches (primarily winter precipitation) in southeastern California to 20 inches in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas (primarily summer precipitation). It is not entirely unexpected, therefore, that field and laboratory observations consistently demonstrate significant differences in growth form and other genetically controlled characteristics associated with this broad environmental gradient. Larrea divaricata in southern California is a slender plant with narrow and divaricate leaflets. In Texas it is shorter and bushier with leaflets which are less divaricate, generally broader and characteristically incurved. Other populations appear to be intermediate. The several ecotypes exhibit distinct differences in their rates of germination, growth, and other characteristics. The data presented here refer primarily to ecotypic differences in rate functions of plants raised from seeds obtained from populations in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
An experimental study of acute neonatal enterocolitis—the importance of breast milk

Abstract Formula feeding in conjunction with hypoxia produces enterocolitis in newborn rats. Breast feeding under the same circumstances is completely protective. Enteric overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in only the formula-fed rats indicates that the gut flora plays an important role in the pathogenesis of enterocolitis. Breast milk through induction of passive enteric immunity and control of intestinal flora protects the rat and may protect at-risk premature infants from acute enterocolitis.
Rate of Change of Heat Storage of the World Ocean

Abstract Results or a Fourier analysis of climatological fields of the monthly rate of change of heat storage for the world ocean are presented. The amplitude and Phase of the first harmonic are shown, as well as the percent variance of the annual cycle accounted for by this harmonic. These distributions are presented to describe the global geographical characteristics of the annual cycle of the rate of change of heat storage of the world ocean integrated through a depth of 275 m. We have used the results of our Fourier analysis at each gridpoint to synthesize monthly mean estimates of the rate of change of heat storage based on the annual mean and first two harmonies of the annual cycle. We have zonally averaged these time-smoothed monthly estimates over the world ocean and individual ocean basins and present time-latitude plots of these zonal averages. The climatological monthly temperature fields used to estimate heat storage are one-degree objectively analyzed fields which are based on the approximate...
Defective HIV-1 Particle Assembly in AP-3-Deficient Cells Derived from Patients with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 2

Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer that is involved in signal-mediated protein sorting to endosomal-lysosomal organelles. AP-3 deficiency in humans, induced by mutations in the AP3B1 gene, which encodes the β3A subunit of the AP-3 complex, results in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 2 (HPS2), which is a rare genetic disorder with defective lysosome-related organelles. In a previous study, we identified the AP-3 complex as an important contributor to HIV-1 assembly and release. We hypothesized that cells from patients affected by HPS2 should demonstrate abnormalities of HIV-1 assembly. Here we report that HIV-1 particle assembly and release are indeed diminished in HPS2 fibroblast cultures. Transient or stable expression of the full-length wild-type β3A subunit in HPS2 fibroblasts restored the impaired virus assembly and release. In contrast, virus-like particle release mediated by MA-deficient Gag mutants lacking the AP-3 binding site was not altered in HPS2 cells, indicating that the MA domain serves as the major viral determinant required for the recruitment of the AP-3 complex. AP-3 deficiency decreased HIV-1 Gag localization at the plasma membrane and late endosomes and increased the accumulation of HIV-1 Gag at an intermediate step between early and late endosomes. Blockage of the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway in HPS2 cells did not reverse the inhibited virus assembly and release imposed by the AP-3 deficiency. These results demonstrate that the intact and stable AP-3 complex is required for HIV-1 assembly and release, and the involvement of the AP-3 complex in late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle is independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Outdoor mobile localization from panoramic imagery

We describe an end-to-end system for mobile, vision-based localization and tracking in urban environments. Our system uses panoramic imagery which is processed and indexed to provide localization coverage over a large area using few capture points. We utilize a client-server model which allows for remote computation and data storage while maintaining real-time tracking performance. Previous search results are cached and re-used by the mobile client to minimize communication overhead. We evaluate the use of the system for flexible real-time camera tracking in large outdoor spaces.
A generalization of A ∘ A−1 ⩾I

Abstract A matrix inequality is obtained, in an elementary way, for the Schur product of two positive definite matrices. The inequality generalizes a well-known result due to Fiedler which asserts that if A is a positive definite matrix, then A ∘ A-1-I is a positive semidefinite matrix, where ∘ denotes the Schur multiplication.
Plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk: a POSCH report

Quantifying the relationship between changes in lipid variables and clinical endpoints has been difficult. We studied the predictive value of various lipid variables on three endpoints in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH): overall mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, and CHD mortality and confirmed nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) combined. We measured lipid variables for the annual visits from baseline to 5 years for actual follow-up values, actual and percentage differences between baseline and follow-up values, as well as the parameters comparing baseline only to 5 years for actual differences, percentage differences, and the ratio of baseline to 5 years. The lipid variables included were total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. The analytic method used was that of Cox regression, with age and sex as secondary covariates, and each lipid or ratio of lipids as the primary (univariate) covariate. As a result, 108 univariate Cox regressions were conducted. The combined findings for the control and the intervention groups are presented. The number of events for the combined group were: overall mortality, 190; CHD mortality, 119; and CHD mortality and confirmed nonfatal MI, 262. The highest hazard ratios were found for the lipid variable of the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (e.g. 1.196 for a 1-unit increase). Only for the combined endpoint of CHD mortality and confirmed nonfatal MI was there a substantial number of statistically significant relationships (P<0.01) of lipid variables and parameters of assessment.
Immunosuppression promotes CNS remyelination in chronic virus‐induced demyelinating disease

Immunosuppression using cyclophosphamide or anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed at CD4 or CD8 promoted remyelination of CNS axons in the spinal cords of mice infected chronically with Theiler9s virus. Treatment with a mAb directed at class II major histocompability gene products did not increase the extent of CNS remyelination. Following immunosuppressive treatment, quantitative morphometry revealed a five- to sevenfold increase in new myelin synthesis. Proliferating nervous system cells were identified at the edges of remyelinated lesions by their incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine. CNS remyelination occurred in mice depleted of selected subsets of T lymphocytes despite the local persistence of viral antigen. These findings indicate that CNS remyelination occurs as a normal consequence of primary myelin injury, but factors associated with immune T cells somehow impair remyelination. Interference with the function of immune T cells enhances CNS remyelination by oligodendrocytes. Similar depletion of immune T cells may allow for enhanced remyelination in the CNS of patients with chronic multiple sclerosis.
Should all human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with end-stage renal disease be excluded from transplantation? The views of U.S. transplant centers.

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have generally been excluded from transplantation. Recent advances in the management and prognosis of these patients suggest that this policy should be reevaluated. Methods. To explore the current views of U.S. transplant centers toward transplanting asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with end-stage renal disease, a written survey was mailed to the directors of transplantation at all 248 renal transplant centers in the United States. Results. All 148 responding centers said they require HIV testing of prospective kidney recipients, and 84% of these centers would not transplant an individual who refuses HIV testing. The vast majority of responding centers would not transplant a kidney from a cadaveric (88%) or a living donor (91%) into an asymptomatic HIV-infected patient who is otherwise a good candidate for transplantation. Among the few centers that would consider transplanting an HIV-infected patient, not a single center had performed such a transplant in the year prior to the survey. Most centers fear that transplantation in the face of HIV infection would be harmful to the individual, and some believe that it would be a waste of precious organs. Conclusions. The great majority of U.S. renal transplant centers will not transplant kidneys to HIV-infected patients with end-stage renal disease, even if their infection is asymptomatic. However, advances in the management of HIV infection and a review of relevant ethical issues suggest that this approach should be reconsidered.
Induced superspike in an enhanced induced-phase-modulation two-dimensional nonlinear medium.

I show that a probe pulse that is copropagating in an enhanced induced-phase-modulation nonlinear two-dimensional medium in the presence of a pump may be transformed into an induced superspike in time and space. The conditions of this induced collapse are that the ratio of the probe and pump initial transverse dimension to the duration be equal to 1/[βprobe(2)kprobe]1/2, that their group velocities be equal, that the pump energy be larger than a waveguiding critical value, and that the probe central frequency be in the group-velocity dispersion anomalous region.
Genetic regulation of cilia assembly and the relationship to human disease.

Ciliated cells of the airway are morphologically distinguished by an apical bristle of 200 cilia per cell that sweep the lumen. Simple in concept but biologically complex, these cells have important roles in maintaining airway health, and are also prone to injury and affected by genetic mutation. Substantial progress has recently been made in understanding the molecular and genetic basis of ciliated cell defects. Phenotype dissection of genetically deficient mice has facilitated the recognition that a surprising number of diseases are related to defects in ciliogenesis and ciliated cell function. Notably fueled by these observations is the development of human genetic analysis for two cilia-related diseases: primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
A Controlled Trial of Single Dose lntravesical Adriamycin in Superficial Bladder Tumours

Summary— Sixty patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumours (Ta or T1) entered an open controlled trial of single dose Adriamycin. After transurethral resection of tumour recurrences, patients were alternately allocated to the control group or to the Adriamycin group, who received an instillation of 50 mg of Adriamycin in 50 ml of saline for 30 min. Six months later all patients were readmitted for endoscopy. In the Adriamycin group significantly more patients showed a decrease in the number of recurrent papillomas (72%) than in the control group (39%). This study shows that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the form of single dose Adriamycin is effective in reducing tumour recurrence.
Burkitt lymphoma in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The major clinical features of children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome are failure to thrive, opportunistic infections, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. The malignant neoplasm most frequently reported in adults with AIDS is Kaposi sarcoma, but this cancer has been reported in fewer than 5% of children with AIDS. More recently, lymphomas, primarily non-Hodgkin lymphomas, are being reported in increasing numbers in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. We describe the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of an Epstein-Barr virus-associated B cell Burkitt lymphoma in a child with HIV infection.
The BCL6 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 expression in germinal-centre B cells

The human proto-oncogene BCL6 encodes a BTB/POZ-zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that is necessary for germinal-centre formation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma. The precise function of BCL6 in germinal-centre development and lymphomagenesis is unclear because very few direct BCL6 target genes have been identified. Here we report that BCL6 suppresses the expression of the p53 (also known as tp53) tumour suppressor gene and modulates DNA damage-induced apoptotic responses in germinal-centre B cells. BCL6 represses p53 transcription by binding two specific DNA sites within the p53 promoter region and, accordingly, p53 expression is absent in germinal-centre B cells where BCL6 is highly expressed. Suppression of BCL6 expression via specific short interfering RNA leads to increased levels of p53 messenger RNA and protein both under basal conditions and in response to DNA damage. Most notably, constitutive expression of BCL6 protects B cell lines from apoptosis induced by DNA damage. These results suggest that an important function of BCL6 is to allow germinal-centre B cells to tolerate the physiological DNA breaks required for immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation without inducing a p53-dependent apoptotic response. These findings also imply that deregulated BCL6 expression contributes to lymphomagenesis in part by functional inactivation of p53.
The Effect of Enzymatic Contact Lens Cleaning on Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Soft Contact Lenses

Previous studies have demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa adheres more readily to soft contact lenses with a mucin coating than to unworn contact lenses. The mucin coatings that develop on soft contact lenses may, therefore, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of contact lens-associated Pseudomonas corneal ulceration. We tested the ability of a variety of enzymatic contact lens cleaners and other enzyme solutions to decrease the adherence of Pseudomonas to mucin-coated soft contact lenses. Of the commercially available solutions that were tested, cleaning with Optizyme and Extenzyme significantly reduced the adherence of Pseudomonas to the lenses, whereas cleaning with the Softmate Weekly Cleaning System had no effect. Optizyme and Extenzyme were as effective as a 10% solution of acetylcysteine and more effective than a 0.25% trypsin solution. Neuraminidase at pH 5 was the most effective solution at reducing the adherence of Pseudomonas to the lenses, supporting the finding that sialic acid is a specific receptor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Soft contact lenses should be cleaned frequently with an effective enzymatic cleaner to reduce the likelihood of Pseudomonas adhering to the lens and thereby reduce the incidence of Pseudomonas corneal ulceration in soft contact lens wearers.
Hazard evaluation for complex mixtures: relative comparisons to improve regulatory consistency.

Abstract The traditional “absolute decision-making” process used by federal regulatory agencies to derive permissible exposure concentrations for hazardous substances is initiated by an evaluation of the “weight-of-evidence” that a substance is a potential human carcinogen. Subsequent conservative procedures applied variably to noncarcinogens and carcinogens yield exposure limits for individual substances based on “data-sparse, model-intensive” techniques which may lack consistency and have difficulty directly addressing the hazards from complex mixtures. This paper describes how a “relative decision-making” technique applicable to complex mixtures can supplement the “absolute” approach currently used. Estimates obtained through this “data-intensive, model-sparse” technique may be evaluated by comparisons to estimates representing a range of hazards “generally regarded as safe” derived through analyses of chlorinated drinking water, cigarette smoke condensate, and other common human exposures. Comparisons are also used to evaluate the relative degree of consistency in risk estimates between 58 suspect human carcinogens analyzed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Carcinogen Assessment Group and by the authors.
Business graphics trends, two years later

Abstract This paper is a report of a longitudinal study of computer graphics use by management. It documents the transition of graphics from a leading edge technology at the contagion stage, to a relatively mature technology. This transition is manifested by a slowdown in the rate of growth and by improved integration into the system of organizational tasks and the information systems required to support those tasks.
Rethinking Periodization? APD and the Macro-History of the United States

Dividing American history into discrete periods dates to the first European colonists in North America, several of whom variously declared their region or colony to represent a "new beginning,' a "new land of Canaan,' a New England, and so forth: "in the New World is born a new history," as one early sermonizer had it.' Soon thereafter clerics and political leaders (often the same people) lamented their fellows' fall from grace; the dichotomy of golden age and descent into depravity, of Awakening and backsliding, has been an American motif ever since. Eventually, the sweep of U.S. history was sorted on a chronological, rather than theological or eschatological, basis. For well over a century political historians have in the main hewn to a familiar temporal script. The growing academic field of American Political Development (APD) holds as axiomatic that standard periodization schemes should be interrogated closely, if not abandoned wholesale. "Nothing," write two leading APD scholars, "has more effectively transformed the historical study of American politics than impatience with conventional demarcations of time."2 Yet most APD works generally follow an organizational pattern that was firmly established by the time of World War II, with the addition of the "Sixties" and variously denoted post1970s periods in more recent years. Thus APD contributions to re(or de-) periodizing American history must take different form. This essay revisits the dominant periodization schemes in the U.S. political past, then examines APD departures from the norm, both potential and realized.
One heavy chain variable region gene segment subfamily in the BALB c mouse contains 500–1000 or more members

Abstract Nucleic acid hybridization studies suggest that 500–1000 or more heavy chain variable (V H ) gene segments related to one V H gene segment (J558) are present in the genome of the BALBc mouse. The implications of this result regarding the overall size, sequence organization, and evolution of the mouse family of V H gene segments are discussed.
Testing the effectiveness of an international conservation agreement: marketplace forensics and CITES caviar trade regulation.

Background The international wildlife trade is a key threat to biodiversity. Temporal genetic marketplace monitoring can determine if wildlife trade regulation efforts such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) are succeeding. Protected under CITES effective 1997, sturgeons and paddlefishes, the producers of black caviar, are flagship CITES species. Methodology/Principal Findings We test whether CITES has limited the amount of fraudulent black caviar reaching the marketplace. Using mitochondrial DNA-based methods, we compare mislabeling in caviar and meat purchased in the New York City area pre and post CITES listing. Our recent sampling of this market reveals a decrease in mislabeled caviar (2006–2008; 10%; n = 90) compared to pre-CITES implementation (1995–1996; 19%; n = 95). Mislabeled caviar was found only in online purchase (n = 49 online/41 retail). Conclusions/Significance Stricter controls on importing and exporting as per CITES policies may be having a positive conservation effect by limiting the amount of fraudulent caviar reaching the marketplace. Sturgeons and paddlefishes remain a conservation priority, however, due to continued overfishing and habitat degradation. Other marine and aquatic species stand to benefit from the international trade regulation that can result from CITES listing.
Privacy via pseudorandom sketches

Imagine a collection of individuals who each possess private data that they do not wish to share with a third party. This paper considers how individuals may represent and publish their own data so as to simultaneously preserve their privacy and to ensure that it is possible to extract large-scale statistical behavior from the original unperturbed data. Existing techniques for perturbing data are limited by the number of users required to obtain approximate answers to queries, the richness of preserved statistical behavior, the privacy guarantees given and/or the amount of data that each individual must publish.This paper introduces a new technique to describe parts of an individual's data that is based on pseudorandom sketches. The sketches guarantee that each individual's privacy is provably maintained assuming one of the strongest definitions of privacy that we are aware of: given unlimited computational power and arbitrary partial knowledge, the attacker can not learn any additional private information from the published sketches. However, sketches from multiple users that describe a subset of attributes can be used to estimate the fraction of users that satisfy any conjunction over the full set of negated or unnegated attributes provided that there are enough users. We show that the error of approximation is independent of the number of attributes involved and only depends on the number of users available. An additional benefit is that the size of the sketch is minuscule: [log log O(M)] bits, where M is the number of users. Finally, we show how sketches can be combined to answer more complex queries. An interesting property of our approach is that despite using cryptographic primitives, our privacy guarantees do not rely on any unproven cryptographic conjectures.
Depth distribution profiling of deuterium and 3He

A technique using nuclear microanalysis has been developed to determine 2D an 3He concentrations versus depth profiles in the near surface regions (∼2 μm) of solids. Ultimate near-surface depth resolutions of (≈100 A) should be attainable by these techniques. A probing beam of 3He ions is used to analyze for the deuterium. By energy analyzing the emitted 4He ions from the reaction d(3He,p)4He and by simple computer analysis, deuterium concentration versus depth profiles are obtained. The same methods are applicable for 3He profiling except in that case a 2D probing beam is used. The techniques is currently being developed using Er hydride and Sc hydride films. It is particularly suited for the study of the transition metals with high hydrogen solubility such as Nb and V which are of interest for CTR reactor applications.
Aspects of modelling in computer aided geometric design

This paper identifies some problems of modelling free-form geometry in a computer, and discusses attributes of a good model and good parameters for a model. In particular, we are interested in representing arbitrary shape information, shapes that may not have special names and may not be well defined except at particular points (or curves) of interest occasionally referred to as "hard points" or "hard constraints." There may remain considerable freedom in modelling the "soft points" or "soft constraints." Paradigms of this problem include modelling an automobile fender, a shoe last, or a boat hull. This is an aspect of an area that Forrest calls computational geometry.
Biblical Theology and Biblical Archaeology: An appreciation of G. Ernest Wright

In the year in which we commemorate the centennial of both the Archaeological Institute of America and the Society of Biblical Literature, it may be appropriate in the pages of the Harvard Theological Review to offer an appreciation of one of Harvard's own faculty, the only American scholar who was a leading theoretician in both the fields of biblical theology and biblical archaeology, the late G. E. Wright.
Aluminum-associated bone disease in chronic renal failure: high prevalence in a long-term dialysis population.

Twenty-seven asymptomatic patients treated with hemodialysis longer than 8 years (mean 12.9 ± 3.1 years) underwent bone biopsy to determine the prevalence of aluminum-associated bone disease. None had excess aluminum exposure from the dialysate. Ten patients (37%) had aluminum-associated bone disease as defined by a bone formation rate (BFR) below normal in the presence of stainable bone aluminum that covered more than 25% of the trabecular surface. The predominant type of bone histology in this group was the aplastic lesion characterized by low bone turnover, a decreased number of osteoblasts, and lack of excess unmineralized osteoid. Osteoblastic osteoid was highly correlated with stainable surface bone aluminum (r = - .82, p < .001). Among the dynamic bone parameters, the double-tetracycline labeled surface was a more sensitive indicator of impaired bone function than was the bone apposition rate (BAR), since half of the patients with aluminum-associated bone disease had a normal BAR. In all of the biopsies the extent of double-labeled surfaces was inversely proportional to the amount of stainable aluminum on the bone surface (r = - .71, p < .001), whereas stainable bone aluminum did not correlate with BAR. In seven of the patients with aluminum-associated bone disease, amino-terminal PTH levels were in the normal range while only one patient had a normal plasma mid-region PTH. PTH correlated directly with osteoblastic osteoid, BFR, and double-labeled surfaces. These results indicate that long-term oral aluminum intake in hemodialysis patients results in a high prevalence of aluminum-associated bone disease. The decrease in osteoblast number appears to be the major mechanism for the low bone formation. Whether aluminum adversely affects the osteoblast population directly or decreases osteoblast number indirectly via suppression of PTH secretion remains undecided.
Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Fluorinated-Dehydroalanine-Containing Peptides

Michael acceptors have long been recognized as reactive functionalities that may link a biologically active molecule to its cellular target. 1,2-Dehydro amino acids are potential Michael acceptors present in a large number of natural products, but their reactivity is modulated by the deactivating nature of the alpha-amino group engaged in an amide bond. We describe here the preparation of 3-fluoro-1,2-dehydroalanine moieties within peptides that significantly enhance the reactivity of the Michael acceptor. Two different routes were designed to access these compounds, one relying on chemical means to introduce the desired functionality and the second taking advantage of a peptide epimerase. In the chemical approach, the fluoro-Pummerer reaction of cysteine derivatives afforded 3-fluorocysteine residues that were oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides, followed by thermolytic elimination to provide the desired 3-fluorodehydroalanines. The mechanism of the fluoro-Pummerer reaction was investigated and several possible pathways were ruled out. The enzymatic approach utilized the dipeptide epimerase YcjG from Escherichia coli. Difluorinated alanine was incorporated at the C terminus of a dipeptide by chemical means. The resulting peptide proved to be a substrate for YcjG, which catalyzed fluoride elimination to provide the 3-fluorodehydroalanine-containing peptide. Mechanistic investigations showed that fluoride elimination occurred faster than epimerization and at a rate close to that of epimerization of Ala-Ala.
Wire transfer of charge packets for on-chip CCD signal processing

A structure for the virtual transfer of charge packets across metal wires is described theoretically and is experimentally verified. The structure is a hybrid of charge-coupled device (CCD) and bucket-brigade device (BBD) elements and permits the topological crossing of charge-domain signals in low power signal processing circuits. A test vehicle consisting of 8-, 32- and 96-stage delay lines of various geometries implemented in a double-poly, double-metal foundry process was used to characterize the wire-transfer operation. Transfer efficiency ranging between 0.998 and 0.999 was obtained for surface n-channel devices with clock cycle times in the range from 40 nsec to 0.3 msec. Transfer efficiency as high as 0.9999 was obtained for buried n-channel devices. Good agreement is found between experiment and simulation.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Zero-sum stochastic games with unbounded costs: Discounted and average cost cases

Zero-sum stochastic games with countable state space and with finitely many moves available to each player in a given state are treated. As a function of the current state and the moves chosen, player I incurs a nonnegative cost and player II receives this as a reward. For both the discounted and average cost cases, assumptions are given for the game to have a finite value and for the existence of an optimal randomized stationary strategy pair. In the average cost case, the assumptions generalize those given in Sennott (1993) for the case of a Markov decision chain. Theorems of Hoffman and Karp (1966) and Nowak (1992) are obtained as corollaries. Sufficient conditions are given for the assumptions to hold. A flow control example illustrates the results.
Myeloperoxidase Targets Apolipoprotein A-I, the Major High Density Lipoprotein Protein, for Site-Specific Oxidation in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions

Oxidative damage by myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been proposed to deprive HDL of its cardioprotective effects. In vitro studies reveal that MPO chlorinates and nitrates specific tyrosine residues of apoA-I, the major HDL protein. After Tyr-192 is chlorinated, apoA-I is less able to promote cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway. To investigate the potential role of this pathway in vivo, we used tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring to quantify the regiospecific oxidation of apoA-I. This approach demonstrated that Tyr-192 is the major chlorination site in apoA-I in both plasma and lesion HDL of humans. We also found that Tyr-192 is the major nitration site in apoA-I of circulating HDL but that Tyr-18 is the major site in lesion HDL. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine strongly correlated with levels of 3-chlorotyrosine in lesion HDL, and Tyr-18 of apoA-I was the major nitration site in HDL exposed to MPO in vitro, suggesting that MPO is the major pathway for chlorination and nitration of HDL in human atherosclerotic tissue. These observations may have implications for treating cardiovascular disease, because recombinant apoA-I is under investigation as a therapeutic agent and mutant forms of apoA-I that resist oxidation might be more cardioprotective than the native form.
Identification of a DNA primase template tracking site redefines the geometry of primer synthesis.

Primases are essential RNA polymerases required for the initiation of DNA replication, lagging strand synthesis and replication restart. Many aspects of primase function remain unclear, including how the enzyme associates with a moving nucleic acid strand emanating from a helicase and orients primers for handoff to replisomal components. Using a new screening method to trap transient macromolecular interactions, we determined the structure of the Escherichia coli DnaG primase catalytic domain bound to single-stranded DNA. The structure reveals an unanticipated binding site that engages nucleic acid in two distinct configurations, indicating that it serves as a nonspecific capture and tracking locus for template DNA. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses show that this evolutionarily constrained region enforces template polarity near the active site and is required for primase function. Together, our findings reverse previous proposals for primer–template orientation and reconcile disparate studies to re-evaluate replication fork organization.
Tensions Across Federalism, Localism, and Professional Autonomy: Social Media and Stakeholder Response to Increased Accountability

Drawing upon research on federalism, localism, and professional autonomy, this article explores how educational stakeholders used social media to discuss and organize against the implementation of Differentiated Accountability in a large Florida school district. The results showed that the stakeholders used social media to engage in sense making and organizing against district policy changes. The authors also find that opposition stemmed from a sense among the commenters that aspects of the policy violated broadly accepted norms of professional autonomy. Strain across the groups ultimately detracted from the fundamental objective of raising student achievement.
Ventricular parasystole in a five-year-old child.

Abstract A 5-year-old child with a cardiac pararrhythmia, ventricular parasystole, and a normal cardiovascular system is presented. This is believed to be the youngest such patient reported.
Public nudity on cell phones: Managing conflict in crisis situations

Abstract Analyzing news coverage to recount a fast-moving, dramatic marketing PR incident that occurred in South Korea, the contingency theory of conflict management and crisis management strategies are integrated to examine how crisis is communicated and managed in a very short period of time. Several types of strategies were utilized by contending parties through the various stages of the crisis life cycle. We found evidence for a new contingent variable that should be added in the matrix of contingent factors--the importance of Internet community and Netizens as organized and influential public. Netizens played an important role throughout the crisis period in changing the organization's stance from advocacy to accommodation.
Late-life delusional depression

Abstract A study of 161 consecutively admitted elderly major depressives with a mean age of 71.7 − 6.6 revealed that 72 patients (45%) were delusional. Delusional depressives were significantly older than nondelusionals at onset (62.4 ± 15.5 + 17.2), but were of comparable age at admission. Utilizing the median age of onset (60) as a cut-off, a sex difference was identified: an association between lateness of onset and delusions was only apparent in women. The presence of a concurrent medical or neurologic disorder or hearing deficit did not increase the association. The importance of investigating samples of elderly patients to identify age effects that only occur in late-life is emphasized.
Activity-structure relationships in the reactivation of diethylphosphoryl acetylcholinesterase by phenyl-1-methyl pyridinium ketoximes.

Abstract The effect of structure on the activity of phenyl-1-methyl pyridinium ketoximes and bis quaternary derivatives in reactivating diethylphosphoryl acetylcholinesterase was investigated. The inhibited enzyme was reactivated in the presence of acetylcholine, with a pH stat to maintain the pH and record the amount of ester hydrolyzed vs. time during the reactivation. A graphical technique was devised to obtain the pseudo first-order rate constant from this record. The configurations of the 4-derivatives were assigned on the basis of the Beckmann rearrangement. The anti -2-derivative is 20 times more active than the syn , whereas the anti -4-derivative is 6 times less active than the syn . The remarkable increase in activity that occurs in the bis-4-quatemary compounds occurs with both configurations. Compared to the aldoximes, introducing a phenyl group has a modest negative effect on the activity in the 4-derivatives, but the effect is more pronounced in the 2-derivatives.
Infrared thermographic temperature measurement during laser heat treatment

A commercial infrared thermography system has been used to monitor workpiece surface temperatures during laser heat treatment. A simple optical filtering technique was used to increase the upper temperature limit of the thermography system. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate an accuracy of ±10%. The filtering technique is applicable to most commercial infrared thermographic systems.
Pressure-Induced Dissociation of Antigen−Antibody Complexes

Pressures on the order of 1000-4000 bar have been reported to reversibly dissociate a number of oligomeric protein complexes without gross changes in protein structure. Here, we report that hydrostatic pressure can also dissociate some antigen-antibody complexes in solution. The association of fluorescent-labeled antigens with monoclonal antibodies was monitored via increases in the fluorescence anisotropy upon binding. Previously, we had found that pressures of 2000 atm were able to dissociate bovine serum albumin (BSA) from immunoadsorbents formed from certain antibodies but not others. In this study, we have found that the sensitivity to pressure in solution is present for the interaction of BSA with MAb 9.1 and absent for the interaction of BSA with MAb 6.1; this behavior is consistent with the immunoadsorbent study. The interaction of hen egg white lysozyme with two monoclonal antibodies was also measured. Interestingly, the complex with the greater electrostatic character (HyHEL-5) did not exhibit pressure sensitivity, as would be expected due to electrostriction effects, whereas the more hydrophobic complex (HyHEL-10) exhibited a strong pressure sensitivity. In each of the systems displaying pressure sensitivity, the free energy of association was found to increase linearly with pressure, indicating a constant change in volume between the free and bound states. Overall, these results indicate that some antigen-antibody complexes exhibit significant sensitivity to pressure, whereas others do not; the mechanisms that discriminate between these cases remain unresolved. Understanding and manipulation of this phenomenon may prove useful in a variety of processes involving the recovery from antigens of antibodies.
Nature and provenance of the sandstone used for Bayon style sculptures produced during the reign of Jayavarman VII

Under Jayavarman VII (1182/83-ca.1218 CE) the Khmer empire reached its apex, leaving a heritage of major construction works and unique artistic production. The stone materials of several sculptures produced under his reign were characterized and compared to possible geological sources in northern and eastern Cambodia. The data suggest that a specific type of sandstone, rich in volcanic detritus, was deliberately selected and quarried from a Triassic sedimentary sequence exposed far from Angkor, the main political and economic center at that time.
Submandibular duct salivary bladder of the rat

This investigation is a light and electron microscopic description of the submandibular duct salivary bladder of the rat, a dilation of the distal end of the main excretory duct. The wall of the bladder consists of (1) a mucosa with pseudostratified epithelium, (2) a submucosal layer of connective tissue, and (3) an underlying layer of striated muscle. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the bladder is composed of three cell types: (1) light cells, (2) dark cells, and (3) basal cells. The lamina propria contains bundles of collagen, attenuated fibrocytes, capillaries with fenestrated endothelia, and nerve fibers which enter the epithelial layer. The capillaries of the submucosa are not fenestrated. The morphology of the wall of this structure provides evidence that the primary fluid of the submandibular gland is modified in the bladder by transepithelial fluid and ion transport.