cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light-induced changes in the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll a in Anacystis nidulans. I. Relationship of slow fluorescence changes with structural changes

Abstract 1. 1. Both normal and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-poisoned cells of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans show an extensive slow rise in the chlorophyll a fluorescence yield upon illumination (Papageorgiou and Govindjee, 1968). It was observed here that uncouplers of phosphorylation notably 5-chloro-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4′-chlorosalicylanilide and 5-chloro-3-tert-butyl-2′-chloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide suppress this slow rise in the fluorescence yield both in normal and poisoned samples. In comparison to these salicylanilides, carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone seems to be less effective in this respect. 2. 2. Emission spectra measured with the salicylanilides in 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-treated cells show that the uncouplers prevent a shift in the excitation transfer in favor of pigment system II, i.e. the transformation to the so-called “State 1”. In other words, in the presence of the uncoupler, the pigment systems remain arrested in “State 2”. According to this view, the slow fluorescence rise represents a shift from State 2 to State 1. 3. 3. Furthermore, the uncouplers suppress as well the light-induced structural alterations (as measured by a change in absorbance at 540 nm) in both normal and poisoned Anacystis cells. Fixation of cells with aldehydes, that immobilizes the structural alterations, also abolishes slow fluorescence yield changes. 4. 4. It was observed that the time course of the light-induced macroscopic structural alteration was slower as compared to slow fluorescence yield changes. It, therefore, seems that the microscopic conformational organization, that precedes the macroscopic volume changes, induces the slow changes in fluorescence yield by shifting the mode of excitation energy transfer. 5. 5. In conclusion, we suggest that an energy-dependent specific alteration of the organization between the two photosystems controls and regulates the mode of excitation energy transfer between the two photosystems, the efficiency of such a transfer in Anacystis is approximately 10%.
Titanium diffusion in olivine

Abstract Diffusion of Ti has been characterized in natural olivine and synthetic forsterite. Experiments on the natural olivines were run under buffered conditions (IW and NNO), and those on synthetic forsterite were run in air. Titanium diffusion appears relatively insensitive to crystallographic orientation and oxygen fugacity under the range of investigated conditions, and diffusivities are similar for Fe-bearing olivine and forsterite. For Ti diffusion in synthetic forsterite, we obtain the following Arrhenius relation for diffusion over the temperature range 900–1400 °C: D Forst = 5.97 × 10 - 14 exp ( - 203 ± 19 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) m 2 s - 1 . For Ti diffusion in San Carlos olivine, we obtain the following “global” fit to all diffusion data (incorporating diffusion parallel to b and c -axes, and experiments run under IW and NNO buffers), over the temperature range 1050–1254 °C: D ol-SC = 2.11 × 10 - 14 exp ( - 195 ± 32 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) m 2 s - 1 . Titanium diffusivities in olivine are similar to those of the trivalent REEs, but considerably slower than those of Cr, Ca, and Fe–Mg in olivine. Titanium diffusivities in olivine, diopside and orthopyroxene are comparable over investigated temperature ranges, differing by about half a log unit at 900 °C, but have increasing variance at lower temperatures given the higher activation energies (by 40–70 kJ mol −1 ) for Ti diffusion in pyroxene compared with olivine. These large differences in cation mobility among Ti, Cr, Ca, Fe–Mg and the REE in pyroxene and olivine may allow us to distinguish dominant processes that give rise to the chemical disequilibria in olivine and pyroxene. With decreasing temperature, Ti is preferentially partitioned from olivine to pyroxene in ultramafic rocks, giving rise to characteristic reversed zoning in olivine and orthopyroxene and normal zoning in clinopyroxene. Diffusive exchange models with temperature-dependent diffusion and partition coefficients have been developed for the olivine–pyroxene bi-mineralic and tri-mineralic systems, allowing us to assess cooling rates and closure temperatures of the ultramafic and mafic rocks.
Attitudes and Beliefs About Childbirth Among College Students: Results of an Educational Intervention

Background: Research on knowledge of childbirth has focused primarily on expectant mothers. The purpose of this study was to investigate college student beliefs, knowledge of, and interest in learning more about childbirth. Methods: Qualitative research methods were used to analyze college students' written responses to a childbirth video as the first stage in a research project aimed at understanding nulliparous and prepaternity knowledge of childbirth among adolescents and young adults. Participants were 65 students at a liberal arts college in upstate New York. Results: The findings demonstrated a range of levels of awareness, interest, and knowledge. In their responses, students described childbirth as a miraculous event associated with fear of pain; students primarily knew that childbirth takes place in the hospital, where “safe and effective” pain medication is administered; students liked seeing the experiential aspect of birth; and students wanted to know about the risks and benefits of various hospital procedures, and the “spiritual” emotional aspects of giving birth. Conclusion: The findings contribute insights into how college students think about pain in childbirth, suggesting that their fear is associated with a lack of knowledge. Teaching high school students specifics about pregnancy and childbirth practices and procedures holds promise for reducing anxiety, increasing maternal control, and supporting positive birth experiences.
Research‐based teacher candidate dispositions assessment system: moving forward

To achieve educational success and advance high‐quality teacher preparation programmes, teacher educators, administrators, policy‐makers, and novice and advanced teacher candidates must identify an...
Ceramics and ceramic matrix composites - Aerospace potential and status

Thermostructural ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites are attractive in numerous aerospace applications; the noncatastrophic fracture behavior and flaw-insensitivity of continuous fiber-reinforced CMCs renders them especially desirable. The present development status evaluation notes that, for most highly-loaded high-temperature applications, the requisite fiber-technology base is at present insufficient. In addition to materials processing techniques, the life prediction and NDE methods are immature and require a projection of 15-20 years for the maturity of CMC turbine rotors. More lightly loaded, moderate temperature aircraft engine applications are approaching maturity.
Buying, Bidding, Playing, or Competing? Value Assessment and Decision Dynamics in Online Auctions

We propose an analytical framework for studying bidding behavior in online auctions. The framework focuses on three key dimensions: the multi-stage process, the types of value-signals employed at each phase, and the dynamics of bidding behavior whereby early choices impact subsequent bidding decisions. We outline a series of propositions relating to the auction entry decision, bidding decisions during the auction, and bidding behavior at the end of an auction. In addition, we present the results of three preliminary field studies that investigate factors that influence consumers’ value assessments and bidding decisions. In particular, (a) due to a focus on the narrow auction context, consumers under-search and, consequently, overpay for widely available commodities (CDs, DVDs) and (b) higher auction starting prices tend to lead to higher winning bids, particularly when comparable items are not available in the immediate context. We discuss the implications of this research with respect to our understanding of the key determinants of consumer behavior in this increasingly important arena of purchase decisions.
Lessons not Learned from 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

Most of the damage sustained from the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake in Northern California was not a surprise to civil engineers and knowledgeable building officials. As early as the 1900s, engineers knew that unreinforced masonry buildings, and buildings built on poorly compacted soils are serious earthquake hazards. And the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake taught us that multiple-deck highway structures similar to the infamous Cypress structure are incapable of sustaining lateral loads. Not only were the types of vulnerable structures known, but what was needed to be done to improve their seismic strength was known as well. The reasons for this inaction are numerous and semilegitimate, and the blame for it should be shared by the public who refused to pay the high cost of earthquake preparedness, by government officials who had their priorities in the wrong order, and by the engineering community who had historically opted not to play an active role in government and public policy. The fact that the epicenter of the earthquake was 60 mi (96.56 km) away from the densely populated San Francisco Bay area, and that the Cypress structure traffic on the day of the earthquake was much lighter than usual contributed to the controlled damage sustained. While the engineering and technical lessons learned from the earthquake are substantial and very valuable, the management and policy lessons went largely ignored.
Denitrification in north temperate forest soils: Relationships between denitrification and environmental factors at the landscape scale

Relationships between annual dentrification N loss and soil physical and biological factors were investigated in nine north temperate forest soils of different texture and drainage classes. Soil texture was analyzed numerically by using percentage of sand as a variable and soil wetness was quantified by a continuous drainage index function. Correlations between soil texture, soil drainage, microbial biomass C and N content, the ratio of the flush of C mineralization to the flush of N mineralization following fumigation (CfNf), denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), the ratio DEA-to-biomass C, and annual denitrification N loss were quantified. We found that DEA and the DEA-to-biomass C ratio accounted for up to 96% of the variation in annual denitrification N loss. Percentage sand and soil wetness could also account for a large proportion of the annual variation in denitrification rates among sites (r2 = 0.86). Very low rates of denitrification in wet sandy soils were related to high CfNf values in these soils. The ratio DEA-to-biomass C is an indicator of the proportion of the soil microbial population that can denitrify. Differences in this ratio among the soils studied suggest that there is a selective advantage to organisms with the ability to denitrify. By analyzing annual denitification N loss rather than daily or hourly denitrification rates, and by evaluating landscape-scale factors, such as soil texture and drainage, rather than field-scale factors, such as soil moisture, we were able to establish stronger relationships between denitrification and environmental factors than have been achieved hitherto.
Lead (pb) concentrations associated with 1000 mb geostrophic back trajectories At Quillayute, Washington

Abstract Daily averaged Pb concentrations in the air at Quillayute, Washington, are related by an objective method to 1000 mb geostrophic backward one-day air trajectories. Although the trajectories ignore topography, the results confirm the expectation that land areas are source regions for Pb. High Pb values in land-trajectory air indicate the influence of anthropogenic sources within the region of the air-monitoring station. Low oceanic trajectory Pb concentrations are indicative of levels to be expected in air over the ocean and away from major Pb sources.
Pore dimensions for accumulating biomass. I. Microbes that reproduce by fission or by budding

The relationship between the dimensions of a microbe and the accumulation of that microbe in porous, inorganic structures has been determined. That relationship is dependent upon the cell dimensions, the mode of reproduction, and the pore diameter of the material. In order to achieve high accumulation of microbes that reproduce by fission, at least 70% of the pores of an inorganic carrier should have pore diameters in the range of one times the smallest major dimension through five times the largest major dimension of the cell. To achieve the highest accumulation of microbes that reproduce by budding, at least 70% of the pores should have pore diameters in the range of one times the smallest dimension of the cell and less than four times the largest cell dimension. These relationships were established by varying the physical parameters of the carriers as well as their chemical composition.
Effect of Exogenous Oxytocin on the Progestogen Content of the Bovine Corpus Luteum1

The effect was studied of in vivo treatment with injected oxytocin on the progestogen content of the bovine corpus luteum. Treated corpora lutea had a significantly (p <.01) greater content of both 4-pregnene-20/3-ol-3-one (20/3-ol) and proges- terone than control corpora. However, during in vitro incubation, control corpora lutea synthesized significantly more 20/3-ol (p <.05) and progesterone (p <.01) than treated corpora. The addition of pregnenolone to the incubation medium caused a significant (p <.05) increase in 20/3-ol and progesterone. However, this increase was not significantly different between control and treated glands.
Algebraic geometric code based IP traceback

In this paper, we attempt to use algebraic-geometric codes to solve the polynomial reconstruction problem, which is the key step for the algebraic IP traceback over the Internet to defend against the DoS attacks. The detailed mathematical expression for the fullpath polynomial is given with analysis showing the deterministic characteristic, the backward compatibility, the low time and storage complexity and the incremental deployment of our scheme. Furthermore, how to reduce the overhead in the IP header is proposed and analyzed with details in this paper. The comparison of our scheme with other related work shows that our scheme can not only be implemented for today's routers (IPv4), but also be extended for future router's usage whenever the router IP address be enlarged (IPv6).
Suitable Adjuvant to Maximize Trifloxysulfuron Efficacy and Early Assessment of Herbicide Efficacy Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Trifloxysulfuron 2.5, 5, and 10 g ai/ha mixed with non-ionic (0.25% Induce and X-77), organosilicone (0.1 % Kinetic and Silwet L-77), and crop oil concentrate (1 % Agridex and Meth-N-Oil) adjuvants was evaluated for efficacy, surface tension (ST), contact angle (CA), and chlorophyll fluorescence responses in redroot pigweed, prickly sida, and barnyard grass. The lowest ST and CA were recorded with L-77 mixed with trifloxysulfuron. Among the six adjuvants, ST and CA were highest with Meth-N-Oil; however, these differences did not greatly influence herbicide efficacy. No trifloxysulfuron-adjuvant antagonism was found for any weed species. Differences in activities were observed at 2.5 g/ha trifloxysulfuron with different adjuvants; however, activities were comparable when data were averaged over species and rates. All the adjuvants increased trifloxysulfuron efficacy; some differences were observed among the weed species, but adjuvants were equal in improving trifloxysulfuron efficacy. Redroot pigweed was more sensitive to trifloxysulfuron compared to barnyardgrass and prickly sida was least. Chlorophyll fluorescence 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after treatment (DAT) was not greatly inhibited by trifloxysulfuron mixed with different adjuvants. Reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence was recorded 4 DAT in barnyard grass, but the reduction was not proportionate to the mortality and lacked uniformity among different treatments.
Telling time in the Fourth Gospel

When we begin the task of telling time in the Fourth Gospel, we bring something not found in any previous study, namely, a model of time articulated by cross-cultural anthropologists (Bordieu, in Pitt-Rivers 1963:55-72, Ayoade, in Wright 1984:71-89). As much as we admire Davies’ study, she has no notes to her chapter on time nor any citations in her bibliography to indicate that she has any conversation partners, much less cultural experts, a deficit to be filled in this study. Learning to tell time entails three theoretical considerations: a definition of time, key classifications of it, and special attention to what the ancients meant by past, present and future. With these lenses we are prepared to do as thorough a study as we can on telling time in the Fourth Gospel. As we consider each classification, we will suggest a brief meaning of it from the experts on time, then present a body of Greco-Roman materials illustrative of the classification, and finally use it to gather and interpret data in John. Proving the native existence of these classifications for telling time in antiquity is essential for readers to have a background against which to compare their usage with that of the Fourth Gospel.
An Application of the Principle of Maximum Information Preservation to Linear Systems

This paper addresses the problem of determining the weights for a set of linear filters (model "cells") so as to maximize the ensemble-averaged information that the cells' output values jointly convey about their input values, given the statistical properties of the ensemble of input vectors. The quantity that is maximized is the Shannon information rate, or equivalently the average mutual information between input and output. Several models for the role of processing noise are analyzed, and the biological motivation for considering them is described. For simple models in which nearby input signal values (in space or time) are correlated, the cells resulting from this optimization process include center-surround cells and cells sensitive to temporal variations in input signal.
Buckling Response of Carbon Nanotube Polycarbonate Composites Columns

An experimental study on the buckling behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube and polycarbonate nanocomposite beam structures is presented. Significant increase (29-51%) in critical buckling load is observed with the addition of relatively small weight fraction (1-2%) of oxidized nanotubes into the polycarbonate matrix. Such nano-composite systems with high buckling stability show potential as lightweight and buckling resistant structural elements in aeronautical and space applications.
Isotopically anomalous 196Hg and 202Hg in Antarctic achondrites

Antarctic shergottite EETA 79001 and polymict eucrite ALHA 78132 contain Hg which is anomalous in the 196Hg or 202Hg isotope. The anomalous fractions were extracted at 130°C during stepwise heating of neutron irradiated samples. The 196/202Hg ratios differ by factors of 2-4 from the normal Hg ratio. This is an enormous effect. Approximately fifty other Hg fractions extracted at temperatures up to 1200°C from these and several other Antarctic basaltic achondrites and from the non-Antarctic fall, Shergotty, gave 196/202Hg ratios within 20% of normal.
Amnioserosa is required for dorsal closure in Drosophila

Dorsal closure in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a complex morphogenetic process, driven by sequential signaling cascades and involving multiple forces, which contribute to cell movements and rearrangements as well as to changes in cell shape. During closure, lateral epidermal cells elongate along the dorsoventral axis and subsequently spread dorsally to cover the embryonic dorsal surface. Amnioserosal cells, which are the original occupants of the most dorsal position in the developing embryo, constrict during closure; thus, the increase in epidermal surface area is accommodated by a reduction in the amnioserosal surface area. Several of the epidermal requirements for closure have been established in functional assays. In contrast, amnioserosal requirements for closure have remained elusive, in part because laser ablation and clonal approaches are limited to only subsets of amnioserosal cells. Here, we report our use of the UAS-GAL4 system to target expression of the cell autonomous toxin Ricin-A to all cells of the amnioserosa. We show that ablation of the amnioserosa leads to clear defects in dorsal closure and, thus, directly demonstrate a role for the amnioserosa in dorsal closure. We also show that DJNK (Drosophila Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling, an epidermal trigger of closure, is unaffected by amnioserosal ablation. These data, together with our demonstration that amnioserosal ablated and Dpp signaling mutant embryos exhibit shared loss-of-function phenotypes, point to a requirement for the amnioserosa in dorsal closure that is downstream of Dpp, perhaps as part of a paracrine response to this signaling cascade.
Structure and Dynamics of the β-Barrel of the Membrane Transporter BtuB by Site-Directed Spin Labeling†

Site-directed spin labeling and EPR spectroscopy were used to map two consecutive β-strands of the putative transmembrane β-barrel of BtuB. For these studies, a series of 29 consecutive single cysteine mutants of BtuB were produced covering residues 148−176. The proteins were then expressed, reacted with a sulfhydryl-specific spin label, purified in octyl glucoside (OG), and reconstituted into palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers. The labeled residues spanned from the extracellular region (position 148) to the small periplasmic loop (positions 160−163) and back up to the extracellular side (position 176) of BtuB. Continuous wave power saturation in the presence of oxygen or NiAA yielded an i, i + 2 periodicity for the collision frequencies at these sites and demonstrated the presence of a β-strand structural motif. For both strands studied, the even-numbered residues were found to be exposed to the hydrophobic phase of the bilayer, whereas the odd-numbered residues pointed toward the interio...
Eligibility for home care certification what clinicians should know

In order for patients to receive home care that is reimbursable by Medicare, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has ruled that a physician must certify the need for services at home and establish the plan of care.1 This gate-keeping role may be appropriate for primary care physicians in many cases. However, nurses, therapists, or social workers may sometimes be better suited to determine home care eligibility because of the nature of the patient's condition or because, unlike physicians, they routinely make house calls.2 Before 1989, coverage of home care services by Medicare was intended exclusively to provide short-term care after an acute illness or medical event. Since 1989, as a result of a lawsuit brought against the federal government by the National Association of Home Care on behalf of a patient (Duggan v Bowen), Medicare beneficiaries can receive in-home, long-term care so long as eligibility criteria continue to be met.1, 3
Sociality increases juvenile survival after a catastrophic event in the feral horse (Equus caballus)

In several social species, adult associations have been linked to individual fitness. Less is known about offspring associations and the mechanisms by which they may influence fitness. We investigate the effects of sociality on juvenile survival in feral horses (Equus caballus). We use foal degree (number of associates) and foal weight (number of interactions) to assess sociality’s importance to foal survival of a catastrophic event, the gathering and removal of 40% of the horse population. We found that 1) foal degree was a better predictor of foal survival than was foal weight; 2) following the gather, foals with access to at least one parent and some members of their natal groups were more likely to survive than were foals left with no such access; 3) foals with a higher degree both pre- and postgather were more likely to survive; 4) the influence of pregather degree appeared to be more pronounced among foals without access to parent(s) and natal group members; and 5) the influence of foal degree postgather was important to the survival of all foals, regardless of parental and natal group access. These results add to our understanding of the benefits afforded by juvenile social networks. Moreover, our study is unique in that foals were separated from parental support at a crucial point in development. We were therefore able to separate the effects of parental behavior on juvenile response, allowing us to more directly ask the question: do the behaviors exhibited by young mammals confer immediate and/or future benefits?
The Relationship of Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Airway Inflammation: Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma: Its Measurement and Clinical Significance

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a clinical feature of asthma and is often in proportion to the underlying severity of the disease. To understand AHR and the mechanisms that contribute to these processes, it is helpful to divide the airway components that affect this feature of asthma into "persistent" and "variable" categories. The persistent component of AHR represents structural changes in the airway, whereas the variable feature relates to inflammatory events. Insight into how these interrelated components of AHR can contribute to asthma is gained by studying treatment effects and models of asthma provocation.
Effect of inflammation upon human gingival oxidative metabolism.

CytOChrome oxidase and NADH cytochrome c reductase activities were analyzed biochemically in gingiv.il hiops> specimens obtained from 22 male patients (age 23-72) undergoing periodonta] treatment. Histologieully. 13 specimens evhibited mild inflammation, while 9 showed more severe inflammatory responses. Cytochrome oxidase activity was significantly greater in the mildly inflamed than in markedly inflamed tissue samples. NADH cytochrome c reductase activity on the other hand was not significantly altered by the increasing degree of inflammation. The possible implication of the effect of inflammation upon oxidative enzymes is discussed in relationto degenerative and proliferative changes occurring in both lypes of tissue. (Received Febr W, 197-1. Accepted for publication May .?, 1974)
Structural basis of FFAT motif-mediated ER targeting

The FFAT motif is a targeting signal responsible for localizing a number of proteins to the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the nuclear membrane. FFAT motifs bind to members of the highly conserved VAP protein family, which are tethered to the cytoplasmic face of the ER by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. We have solved crystal structures of the rat VAP-A MSP homology domain alone and in complex with an FFAT motif. The co-crystal structure was used to design a VAP mutant that disrupts rat and yeast VAP-FFAT interactions in vitro. The FFAT binding-defective mutant also blocked function of the VAP homolog Scs2p in yeast. Finally, overexpression of the FFAT binding-defective VAP in COS7 cells dramatically altered ER morphology. Our data establish the structural basis of FFAT-mediated ER targeting and suggest that FFAT-targeted proteins play an important role in determining ER morphology.
Update on combat psychiatry: from the battle front to the home front and back again.

ABSTRACT The U.S. military has long emphasized the principles of prevention and early intervention in preparing for and treating those afflicted by the psychological wounds of war. This article opens with lessons learned by the U.S. military through wartime during the past century. Current practice in the military's employment of stress control teams is reviewed. Updates in the military efforts in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom to prevent and to limit psychological casualties are stressed. Misconduct has occurred in this conflict; future steps to reduce aberrant behavior by soldiers are discussed. The challenges of reintegration at home, by both healthy and wounded soldiers, are highlighted.
/sup 10/B from /sup 9/Be(/sup 3/He,d)

Angular distributions for the reaction $^{9}\mathrm{Be}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)$ have been measured for all levels below 6.8 MeV in $^{10}\mathrm{B}$. Data confirm that states at 6.13 and 6.57 MeV, previously assigned ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}} \mathrm{and} {(4)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, respectively, have the same parity. Their strengths are consistent with their being the ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states expected in this region of excitation.NUCLEAR REACTION $^{9}\mathrm{Be}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)$, $E=18.0$ MeV. $^{10}\mathrm{B}$ levels deduced $l$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${S}_{p}$. DWBA analysis.
A Look to the Future: Forecasting the 2004 Presidential Election

Forecasting provides the opportunity to put one's self to the test. Are our models of voting behavior accurate? It is easy to retrofit an explanation for what has happened in the past. Taking a chance on a forecast that can go wrong does not afford us that luxury. Forecasting can also teach a lesson in humility. Over the last decade, political scientists have been willing to gamble on their models. We have had some success. Everyone on the forecasting panel at the 1996 APSA Annual Meeting correctly forecast a Clinton victory. The forecasting of the 2000 presidential election was clearly a lesson in humility (at least for this author). None of the authors of this symposium forecast a Bush victory. Moreover, many forecast a rather substantial victory for Al Gore.
Pasture Plus Grains or Mash for Developing Broiler Strain Pullets

Abstract Grains make up some seventy to eighty percent of the diet of a developing pullet. On a unit basis they are the cheapest part of a ration. Heuser et al. (1945) developed some fairly satisfactory White Leghorn pullets on an all-wheat diet with Ladino clover pasture. Little information was given regarding the laying performance of these pullets except for the beginning weeks. Fuller (1962) grew White Leghorn pullets satisfactorily on corn, oats, mineral and pasture. Income over feed cost (0–73 wks.) was greater than that for mash and grain fed birds. These reports would suggest that similar results could be expected with broiler strains. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS Eight pens of 72 eight-week-old broiler strain pullets were established on ranges of the same size with similar equipment. The range flora consisted of common Bermuda grass, Blue Grass and a mixture of clovers and weeds. Four of the eight pens…
Carbon Monoxide Poisonings from Forklift Use During Produce Packing Operations

In August 2013, the North Carolina Division of Public Health investigated a carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on a farm. Two employees were overcome by CO and lost consciousness while using a propane-powered forklift to load produce into a refrigerated trailer backed up to a warehouse. One employee died, and the second employee was admitted to the hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Eighteen people, ranging in age from 18 to 69 years, were potentially exposed to CO, including the two employees, a family member who discovered the employees, two bystanders who stopped to offer assistance, and 13 first responders. Thirteen people who assisted in the emergency response experienced symptoms such as headache and dizziness, and all 16 who assisted were evaluated in a local hospital emergency department and released after receiving 100% oxygen. Blood tests showed five people (the two employees, family member, and two bystanders) had elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, but all first responders had levels within normal range. Firefighters measured a peak CO concentration of 2214 parts per million in the warehouse. The North Carolina Division of Occupational Safety and Health investigated and determined that the forklift, operated inside the trailer with no ventilation, was the source of the CO. Public health investigation activities included interviewing responders, obtaining ambient CO concentration measurements from the fire department, advising the local health director, reviewing medical records, and developing a line listing of exposed persons. To prevent CO poisoning, employers should consider replacing gas-powered equipment with electric equipment, which does not produce CO.
Electronic Absorption Line Shapes at the Water Liquid/Vapor Interface

In order to investigate the factors that contribute to the electronic absorption line shape of a chromophore adsorbed at the water liquid/vapor interface, molecular dynamics simulations of a series of dipolar solutes undergoing various electronic transitions at various locations along the interface normal are studied. For electronic transitions that involve a change in the permanent dipole moment of the solute, the transition from the bulk water to the liquid/vapor interface involves a spectral shift consistent with the lower polarity of the interface. The change in the spectral width relative to that in the bulk is determined by several factors, which, depending on the nature of the transition and the dipole moment of the initial state, can result in a narrowing or broadening of the spectrum. These factors include the location of the interface region (which directly correlates with local polarity), the heterogeneity of the local solvation shell, and the width of the surface region. The contribution of th...
Detection of IgG Antibodies to Type-Specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharides by Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay

Previous studies have suggested that IgG serotype-specific antibodies are protective against infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, type-specific IgG antibodies to P. aeruginosa were detected by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in sera from 15 volunteers before and after vaccination with lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa and from four patients with endocarditis due to P. aeruginosa. Significant type-specific increases in IgG antibody occurred after both vaccination and infection. The correlation coefficients comparing net counts per minute by solidphase radioimmunoassay with hemagglutination titers in the 15 vaccinees were 0.940, 0.874, 0.792, 0.903, 0.882, 0.869, and 0.704 for serotypes 1-7, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms can be serotyped according to their type-specific cell wall lipopolysaccharides [1]. In vitro opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear leukocytes requires the presence of type-specific antibodies [2-4]. Although both IgG and IgM antibodies can function as specific opsonins in vitro, an animal model suggests that IgG antibodies may provide better protection in vivo [5]. Sadoff and Artenstein reported that antibodies directed against the cell wall membrane of P. aeruginosa can be detected in rabbit antisera by solid-phase radioimmunoassay [6]. In the present study we evaluated solid-phase radioimmunoassay with use of polystyrene tubes coated with lipopolysaccharide for detection of type-speciReceived for publication August 23, 1976, and in revised
European Chafer: Aspects of Night Behavior

An avg. 75% of the total estimated population of Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky) in flight trees fell beneath the canopy throughout the night, 8% flew from the tree throughout the night, and 17% flew away between 4:30 and 6:00 AM (EDT). An average of 70% of all falling occurred before 11:30 PM; the rate then decreased to 0.6–3%/h; and at 4:30 AM, activity began to increase. An average of 20% of all falling occurred between 4:30 and 6:00 AM. Of the chafers that fell, an avg. 53% burrowed into the soil in the immediate vicinity of the flight tree; the remainder flew again, some of them (14%) flew back to the same flight tree Most of these fell again.
Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism

In Putin's Wars, Van Herpen analyzes the motives behind Russia's shifts in its current geopolitical course and questions whether Moscow's actions are indicative of a new strategy or a continuation ...
Negative regulation of the p300-p53 interplay by DDX24

Numerous studies indicate that p300 acts as a key transcriptional cofactor in vivo, at least, in part, by modulating activities of p53 by acetylation. Nevertheless, the regulation of the p53-p300 interplay is not completely understood. Here, we have identified the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box RNA helicase 24 (DDX24) as a novel regulator of the p300-p53 axis. We found that DDX24 interacts with p300, and this interaction leads to suppression of p300-mediated acetylation of p53. Notably, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of endogenous DDX24 significantly increases the acetylation levels of endogenous p53 in human cancer cells and subsequently promotes p53-mediated activation of its transcriptional targets such as p21 and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). In contrast, DDX24 expression inhibits the p300-p53 interaction and suppresses p300-mediated acetylation of p53. Moreover, DDX24 is overexpressed in human cancer cells and reduction of DDX24 protein levels by RNA interference induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53-dependent manner. These results reveal DDX24 as an important regulator of p300 and suggest that the modulation of the p53-p300 interplay by DDX24 is critical in controlling p53 activities in human cancer cells.
Analysis and Conclusion: Mapping Genocidal Ideology

The preceding chapters of this book can be roughly divided into two categories: substantive and theoretical; this chapter is divided in a similar fashion. The first section of this chapter returns to the qualitative chapters on anti-nation, nation and homeland. My approach to these subjects within each chapter is thematic, but here, the focus is on mapping ideology in a chronological way, comparing each of the three cases through the lens of the events used to structure my chapters. I discuss whether or not there are similar stages of radicalisation and how these macro themes shift and change over the course of radicalisation. This approach allows me to answer the key questions posed at the very beginning of the book: Does radicalising ideology evolve in a similar way in cases of modern genocide? How does that evolution occur? What are the thematic similarities and differences in this evolution?
Advances in Multi-Channel Resource Allocation: Throughput, Delay, and Complexity

The last decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the demand for wireless services. These services are fueled by applications that often require not only high data rates, but also very low latency to function as desired. However, as wireless networks grow and support increasingly large numbers of users, these control algorithms must also incur only low complexity in order to be implemented in practice. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop wireless control algorithms that can achieve both high throughput and low delay, but with low-complexity operations. While these three performance metrics, i.e., throughput, delay, and complexity, are widely acknowledged as being among the most important for modern wireless networks, existing approaches often have had to sacrifice a subset of them in order to optimize the others, leading to wireless resource allocation algorithms that either suffer poor performance or are difficult to implement. In contrast, the recent results presented in this book demonstrate that, by cleverly taking advantage of multiple physical or virtual channels, one can develop new low-complexity algorithms that attain both provably high throughput and provably low delay. The book covers both the intra-cell and network-wide settings. In each case, after the pitfalls of existing approaches are examined, new systematic methodologies are provided to develop algorithms that perform provably well in all three dimensions.
Stroke Secondary to Trauma

Stroke is common following trauma. Indeed, although recent definitions for stroke exclude pathologies that are directly from trauma, there are still several methods by which a preceding traumatic event can induce either subsequent ischemia or hemorrhage. In this chapter, we review the primary etiologies by which this occurs, including decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, vascular injury, and vasospasm. We also discuss the primary treatment modalities employed to both prevent and treat strokes that accompany traumatic injury.
Was federal parity associated with changes in Out-of-network mental health care use and spending?

The goal of the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act is to eliminate differences in insurance coverage between behavioral health and general medical care. The law requires out-of-network mental health benefits be equivalent to out-of-network medical/surgical benefits. Insurers were concerned this provision would lead to unsustainable increases in out-of-network related expenditures. We examined whether federal parity implementation was associated with significant increases in out-of-network mental health care use and spending. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using health insurance claims from self-insured employers (2007–2012). We examined changes in the probability of using out-of-network mental health services and, conditional on out-of-network mental health service use, changes in the number of outpatient out-of-network mental health visits and total out-of-network mental health spending associated with the implementation of federal parity in 2010. From 2007 to 2012, the proportion of individuals receiving any out-of-network mental health services each month declined dramatically from 18 to 12%, with a one-time drop of 3 percentage points at parity implementation (p < .01). Among out-of-network mental health service users, there was an increase in the number of visits per month (.12 visits; p < .01) and total spending per month ($49; p < .01) at parity implementation. Although there was a one-time increase in spending at parity implementation, this increase was accompanied by an attenuation of a trend toward increased spending growth, such that spending was back to original predictions by the end of our study period. Despite concerns expressed by the health insurance industry when federal parity was enacted, out-of-network mental health spending did not substantially increase after parity implementation. In addition, use of out-of-network mental health services appears to have contracted rather than expanded, suggesting insurers may have implemented other policies to curb out-of-network use, such as increasing access to in-network providers.
The Impact of Access to Over-the-Top Services on Preferences for Mobile Services: A Conjoint Analysis of Urban and Rural Mobile Users in Nigeria

In Sub-Saharan Africa, Internet access, predominantly via mobile broadband, is a luxury mostly accessible to the educated and urban population. The use of over-the-top (OTT) applications are creating uncertainties for mobile carriers in pay-as-you-go markets; as it substitutes voice calling (VC) and texting. Using a choice-based conjoint experiment with a sample of 390 urban and rural mobile users in Nigeria, this paper investigates the economic cost and tradeoff between different mobile services, and highlights differences in the preferences of mobile users in urban and rural Nigeria. The results show that OTT is a substitute for text, and as the VC minutes and number of text on the mobile plan increases, the substitution effect declines. OTT access also reduces the probability of a mobile user not purchasing a mobile service. It is also found that users are willing to pay the most for full Internet access, and then OTT, VC and least of all, text. The results provide evidence of significant difference in the preferences of urban and rural mobile users, with urban users having a higher preference for OTT than rural users. This note is to confirm that Erezi Ogbo is a full-time graduate student at Carnegie Mellon University. I am Miss Ogbo’s PhD advisor and I endorse this submission. Douglas Sicker, Lord Endowed Chair, Department Head of Engineering and Public Policy, Professor of Engineering and Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, AD0VT
Validation of 2-18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol as a Potential Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging Bacterial Infection in the Lung

2-18F-fluorodeoxysorbitol (18F-FDS) has been shown to be a promising agent with high selectivity and sensitivity in imaging bacterial infection. The objective of our study was to validate 18F-FDS as a potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging bacterial infection longitudinally in the lung. Methods: Albino C57 female mice were intratracheally inoculated with either live or dead Klebsiella pneumoniae to induce either lung infection or lung inflammation. One group of mice was imaged to monitor disease progression. PET/CT was performed on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 after inoculation using either 18F-FDS or 18F-FDG (n = 12 for each tracer). The other group was first screened by bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to select only mice with visible infection (region of interest > 108 ph/s) for PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDS (n = 12). For the inflammation group, 5 mice each were imaged with PET/CT using either 18F-FDS or 18F-FDG from days 1 to 4 after inoculation. Results: For studies of disease progression, BLI showed noticeable lung infection on day 2 after inoculation and significantly greater infection on day 3. Baseline imaging before inoculation showed no focal areas of lung consolidation on CT and low uptake in the lung for both PET radiotracers. On day 2, an area of lung consolidation was identified on CT, with a corresponding 2.5-fold increase over baseline for both PET radiotracers. On day 3, widespread areas of patchy lung consolidation were found on CT, with a drastic increase in uptake for both 18F-FDS and 18F-FDG (9.2 and 3.9). PET and BLI studies showed a marginal correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and colony-forming units (r = 0.63) but a much better correlation for 18F-FDS (r = 0.85). The uptake ratio of infected lung over inflamed lung was 8.5 and 1.7 for 18F-FDS and 18F-FDG on day 3. Conclusion: Uptake of both 18F-FDS and 18F-FDG in infected lung could be used to track the degree of bacterial infection measured by BLI, with a minimum detection limit of 107 bacteria. 18F-FDS, however, is more specific than 18F-FDG in differentiating K. pneumoniae lung infection from lung inflammation.
Dynamics of Dense Polymer Systems Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation Results and Analytic Theory

Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of long chains confined to cubic and tetrahedral systems as a function of both volume fraction and chain length were employed to investigate the dynamics of entangled polymer melts. It is shown for a range of chain lengths there is a crossover from a much weaker degree of polymerization (n) dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient to a much stronger one, consistent with D ∼ n −2. Similarly, systems have been identified having a terminal relaxation time that varies as n3.4. Since such scaling with molecular weight signals the onset of highly constrained dynamics, an analysis of the character of chain contour motion was performed. No evidence whatsoever was found for the existence of a well defined tube required by the reptation model. Lateral motions of the chain contour are remarkably large, and the motion appears to be essentially isotropic in the local coordinates. Results from this simulation indicate that the motion of a polymer chain is essentially Rouse-like, albeit, slowed down. Motivated by the simulation results, an analytic theory for the self-diffusion coefficient and the viscoelastic properties have been derived which is in qualitative agreement with both experimental data and the simulations.
Endothelium-dependent and-independent relaxation of aortas from copper-deficient rats.

Isolated aortas from copper-deficlent rats exhibited reduced ability to relax in response to acetylcholine, histamine and sodium nitroprusside, which suggests that release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor or its interaction with the contractile mechanism is impaired.
Assessing the Practices and Products of Darkweb Firearm Vendors

The development of the Darknet as a parallel network to the Web in the 21st century has facilitated illegal trafficking in small arms, as defined by the United Nations. The authors have used invest...