cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Appearance of cell surface auto- and isoantigens during spermatogenesis in the rabbit

Abstract The appearance of spermatogenic cell surface auto- and isoantigens can be precisely determined by utilizing techniques that separate spermatogenic cells. Using cytotoxic (complement dependent) auto- and iso- rabbit antirabbit whole semen sera, specific spermatogenic auto- and isoantigens were first detected following the maturation of spermatogonia into primary pachytene spermatocytes. The antisera employed were cytotoxic (complement dependent) for pachytene diplotene and primary spermatocytes and spermatids but not for type A, intermediate, or type B spermatogonia. Furthermore, Sertoli cells, endothelial cells, Leydig cells, and erythrocytes were not lysed by the antisera. These observations support the concept of a blood-testis barrier. Only after migration of spermatogonia to the luminal side of the barrier can autoantigenic molecules be synthesized and/or inserted into the plasma membrane of spermatogenic cells. Thus, the appearance of surface autoantigens offers a model system to study the synthesis of specific molecules which are inserted into the plasma membrane at a precise time during development.
Recruiting and retaining clinician-educators. Lessons learned from three programs.

Market-driven reform of the health care system in the United States has led to a demand for changes in medical education. The Sixth Report of the Council on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) states: “The growth of managed care will magnify the deficiencies of the current educational system, yet will also provide new and essential educational opportunities to improve the preparation of physicians for their future roles.”1 The report defines competencies for primary care and managed care practice, then recommends curricular reforms, including changes in the sites used for training. The COGME report further recommends: “The size, composition and competencies of the full-time faculty at medical schools and residency programs must be reviewed in order to assure that they are appropriate to train physicians for their future roles.”1 As Dr. Evan Charney points out, medical education uses an apprenticeship model.2 Specialists and subspecialists have been well served by a system that uses trained, experienced physicians who practice their specialties in appropriate settings, usually within teaching hospitals. These same elements are essential for training generalist physicians, creating the need for community-practice settings as training sites and practicing physicians as clinician-educators. As medical schools and residency training programs attempt to adapt to the nation's demand for changing the physician workforce, it is evident that nowhere is the balance between specialists and generalists more skewed than in academic health centers.3 Changes in medical practice as well as medical education now mandate that more community physicians and full-time academic generalist clinician-educators be successfully incorporated into the faculty. This article outlines lessons learned in the recruitment and retention of clinician-educators using different strategies at three medical centers: the University of Utah, Emory University, and the University of Cincinnati.
Data privacy approaches from US and EU perspectives

Consumers using the Internet often indicate that the privacy of their personal data is their foremost concern with the new technology. Different approaches to data privacy and protection are found in the United States and the European Union -- an emphasis on self-regulation in the former versus strict legal requirements in the latter. The implications of the recent "safe harbor" agreement may have a significant impact on privacy expectations in the US.
Promotion of neurite outgrowth and cell survival in dissociated fetal rat retinal cultures by a fraction derived from a brain extract.

Abstract We have reported previously that a fraction (BE) derived from a pig brain extract stimulated neurite outgrowth and cell survival from fetal rat retinal explants. The BE effects were dose dependent and could not be altered by NGF or its antiserum. In the present study we have observed that under similar culture conditions BE was also capable of stimulating neurite outgrowth and cell survival from fetal rat dissociated retinal cells. More specifically, the neurite-promoting activity of BE was found to be dose dependent over a concentration range of 0–50 μg/ml with a half-maximal response between 5 and 10 mg/ml. The ability of BE to stimulate neurite outgrowth was also age-related. There was a progressive decrease in the BE-mediated response between fetal day 17 and the second neonatal day. Viable process bearing cells could also be maintained in culture for at least two weeks in the presence of BE (25 μg/ml). In contrast, after 1 day in culture control cells began to rapidly degenerate and by days 3–5 no process-bearing cells were observed. The BE was found to exert its action primarily through a soluble factor(s) in the culture medium. However, we also report evidence for a substrate bound component of the BE which may aid in the attachment and/or neurite outgrowth phenomena.
Diagnosis and treatment of prostatic infections

The diagnosis and management of prostatitis and pelviperineal pain is a challenge to the clinician. Careful examination of the prostatic fluid and bacteriologic cultures to differentiate bacterial from nonbacterial prostatitis are essential. Antimicrobial therapy is effective in the majority of men with acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis. Nonbacterial prostatitis is the most common type of prostatitis. The etiology is unknown and treatment with repeated antimicrobial therapy is ineffective. Alpha-blocking agents may relieve symptomatology. Pelviperineal pain may be of prostatic origin but other nonprostatic causes should be sought.
Colonization of rotation crops and weeds by the potato black dot pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes

The rotation crops wheat, barley, oat, maize, soybean, rye, yellow mustard, alfalfa, and spring canola and weeds eastern black nightshade, velvetleaf, timothy grass, orchard grass, and Giant foxtail common to potato-growing areas in North America were used to study the host range ofColletotrichum coccodes, the causal agent of potato black dot. The fungus was isolated from nine of 14 rotation crops and weeds that were inoculated: yellow mustard, soybean, spring canola, alfalfa, oat, eastern black nightshade, velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and timothy grass. In all, colonization was highest in black nightshades (87%) and velvetleaf (80%). Among the rotation crops, colonization was highest on yellow mustard (59%) followed by spring canola (33%) and soybean (30%).Colletotrichum coccodes was not isolated from wheat, barley, rye, maize, or orchard grass. The results indicated that crops used for rotation with potato should be selected carefully to prevent the increase ofC. coccodes inoculum in the soil and that weeds may help maintain viable inoculum ofC. coccodes in the absence of potato. Based on these results we recommend that wheat, barley, maize, or rye be used in rotation with potato in areas whereC. coccodes is present in high levels in the soil.
In-vitro activity of PD 117 596, a new quinolone, against bacterial isolates from cancer patients

The in-vitro activity of PD117 596, a new 4-quinolone antimicrobial agent was compared with that of ciprofloxacin against 798 Gram-positive and Gram-negative distinct isolates from cancer patients. PD117 596 was found to have a broad antimicrobial spectrum with excellent activity against the Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90 0.03 mg/l) Acinetobacter spp. (MIC90 0.25 mg/l), Aeromonas spp. (MIC100 0.06 mg/l) and Pseudomonas spp. including Ps. aeruginosa (MIC90 0.5 mg/l). It was also extremely active against Gram-positive micro-organisms particularly Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin-resistant and coagulase-negative isolates) Bacillus spp. and streptococci. PD117 596 had lower minimal inhibitory concentrations against most isolates tested than ciprofloxacin, the most active currently available 4-quinolone.
Self-assembly of di- and triblock PEG-pentavaline amphiphiles

Nanoparticles formed from amphiphilic block copolymers can be used as drug delivery vehicles for hydrophilic therapeutics. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-peptide copolymers were investigated for their self-assembling properties and as consequent potential delivery systems. Mono- and dihydroxy PEGs were functionalized with a pentavaline sequence bearing Fmoc end groups. The molecular weight of the PEG component was varied to evaluate copolymer size and block number. These di- and tri-block copolymers readily self-assemble in aqueous solution with critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) of 0.46–16.29 μM. At concentrations above the CAC, copolymer solutions form spherical assemblies. Dynamic light scattering studies indicate these aggregates have a broad size distribution, with average diameters between 33 and 127 nm. The copolymers are comprised β-conformations that are stable up to 80 °C, as observed by circular dichroism. This peptide secondary structure is retained in solutions up to 50% MeOH as well. The triblock copolymers proved to be the most stable, with copolymers synthesized from 10 kDa PEG having the most stable particles. Loading of carboxyfluorescein at 2–5 mol % shows that these copolymers have the potential to encapsulate hydrophilic drugs for delivery applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Prolonged ultraviolet-induced thymidine incorporation into xeroderma pigmentosum lymphocytes: studies on its duration, amount, localization and relationship to hydroxyurea.

Abstract Xeroderma pigmentosum lymphocytes which have a lower than normal rate of ultraviolet-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation during the hours immediately after irradiation continue their incorporation for a longer time than normal lymphocytes. This difference in the duration of incorporation into xeroderma pigmentosum and normal lymphocytes is not caused by the continuous presence of hydroxyurea in the cultures. The prolonged incorporation ceases after the xeroderma pigmentosum lymphocytes have incorporated as much thymidine as normal lymphocytes. Autoradiograms show that the prolonged incorporation is nuclear and occurs in the majority of lymphocytes. The results indicate that these xeroderma pigmentosum lymphocytes can perform as much repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA as normal lymphocytes but require a longer period in which to do so.
Bupropion decreases resting motor threshold: A case report

Background Bupropion is associated with a dose-related increased seizure risk. This effect could correlate with a change in motor cortex excitability. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can assess changes in motor cortical excitability by measuring resting motor threshold (RMT). Methods RMT was determined before and during 2 weeks concomitant administration of bupropion at two different doses (150 mg/d and 300 mg/d) in a 41-year-old woman enrolled in a study of repetitive TMS (rTMS) for the treatment of depression. Results RMT was significantly lower when the patient took 300 mg/d of bupropion compared with no bupropion and 150 mg/d of bupropion. When bupropion was reduced to 150 mg, RMT returned to the premedication level. Conclusions Bupropion 300 mg/d increased cortical excitability as demonstrated by decreased RMT. This finding emphasizes the importance of assessing RMT regularly during rTMS treatment, especially in the context of new or changed doses of medications.
Dilemmas About Security Dilemmas

Ever since Thucydides students of international politics have focused on the security dilemma as a cause of conflict. 1 Defined as the unfortunate fact that policies designed to increase the state'...
Future international environmental security issues and potential military requirements

This article reports on an international assessment to identify and discuss environmental issues that may affect the US Army’s transformation efforts. Many factors, such as new kinds of weapons, increasing demands on natural resources, urbanization and globalization, are making the planning of environmental viability for life support more important in the future. The article highlights eight environmental security developments and potential military requirements to address them.
Studies on the toxicity of ammonia, nitrate and their mixtures to guppy fry

Abstract Using guppy fry as the test fish the individual and joint toxicities of ammonia and nitrate were estimated in static tests at constant pH and temperature. The 72-h lc 50 values were 199 and 1.26 mg 1−1 −N for potassium nitrate and free ammonia, respectively. The toxicities of mixtures of the two were additive except at very low ammonia to nitrate ratios. Watson's equation, a disinfection law relating toxicant concentration to survival, was applicable to both toxicants. The applicability of Chick's law and other kinetic models to fish toxicity was also evaluated.
Death in Children's Literature: A Conceptual Analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of death in children's literature. From a sample of forty children's books on death, the concept of death was classified and elucidated, utilizing relevant literature in philosophy, psychology, and sociology. Death was viewed most often as temporary; it was also treated as an inevitable event. No book considered death as the termination of all existence. The effects of death are considered in several children's books. There was similarity between the relevant literature and the sampled children's literature: both expressed a strong tendency to appraise death in the context of ongoing existence.
Linaclotide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract Aims Linaclotide is an orally administered 14-amino acid peptide being developed for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and chronic constipation. We determined the stability of linaclotide in the intestine, measured the oral bioavailability, and investigated whether the pharmacodynamic effects elicited in rodent models of gastrointestinal function are mechanistically linked to the activation of intestinal guanylate cyclase C (GC-C). Main methods Linaclotide binding to intestinal mucosal membranes was assessed in competitive binding assays. Stability and oral bioavailability of linaclotide were measured in small intestinal fluid and serum, respectively, and models of gastrointestinal function were conducted using wild type (wt) and GC-C null mice. Key findings Linaclotide inhibited in vitro [ 125 I]-STa binding to intestinal mucosal membranes from wt mice in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, [ 125 I]-STa binding to these membranes from GC-C null mice was significantly decreased. After incubation in vitro in jejunal fluid for 30 min, linaclotide was completely degraded. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed very low oral bioavailability (0.10%). In intestinal secretion and transit models, linaclotide exhibited significant pharmacological effects in wt, but not in GC-C null mice: induction of increased fluid secretion into surgically ligated jejunal loops was accompanied by the secretion of elevated levels of cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate and accelerated gastrointestinal transit. Significance Linaclotide is a potent and selective GC-C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract. This pharmacological profile suggests that orally administered linaclotide may be capable of improving the abdominal symptoms and bowel habits of patients suffering from IBS-C and chronic constipation.
Crime in Post-Mao China: Toward the Construction of an Integrated Social Systems Theory

Since 1976, conventional crime apparently increased in the People's Republic of China. To explain this phenomenon, to a degree, an integrated system-level model is constructed. Implications are drawn for future research.
Propensity score matching strategies for evaluating substance abuse services for child welfare clients

Abstract When experimental designs are infeasible, researchers must rely on observational data to discern differential impacts of social services on treated and untreated clients. More generally, when assignment to conditions is nonrandom, analyses of services data require special procedures to correct biased selection into conditions. This paper reviews the rationale and history of propensity score matching (PSM). It then illustrates its use in estimating the causal effects of child welfare and parental substance abuse services on maltreatment re-reports and developmental well-being for children of substance abuse treatment service recipients and nonrecipients. The use of 12 variations of PSM methods that rely on one-to-one matching strategies and secondary event history analysis results in the generation of comparable treated and nontreated cases and directional consistency in the findings. The difference-in-differences estimation, of behavioral problems, using one-to-many matching, illustrates the ability of this method to preserve statistical power and generate interpretable findings without additional analyses. Strategies for employing and interpreting PSM are discussed.
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic National Committee

Abstract This article examines Franklin D. Roosevelt's concept of and relationship with the Democratic National Committee during his presidency. It argues that during the 1920s Roosevelt had wanted to reorganize the DNC in order to use it as a vehicle for making the Democratic Party a more distinctly liberal party in its ideology and policy agenda and more democratic and particpatory in its decision-making and fund-raising processes. It reveals, however, that following his election to the presidency he no longer sought to internally reform the DNC for this purpose and would rely on the pursuit of the New Deal policy agenda for liberalizing the Democratic Party while using the DNC's special divisions to coopt liberal interest groups and voting blocs attracted to Roosevelt and the New Deal. This article concludes that the expansion of special DNC divisions for blacks, women, and labor had the effect of making the DNC more reflective of and responsive to liberally-inclined voting blocs and interest groups by 1945.
Power system basics for business professionals in our industry

The rapid changes in the business aspects of the electricity industry are making it necessary for engineers to communicate more frequently and more effectively with nontechnical people. With the heightened interest in electric power and energy systems, a broad range of "nonpower" people has expressed a need for a primer on power engineering fundamentals presented in a nontechnical manner. In response, the IEEE Power Engineering Society sponsored the preparation of such a course targeted towards the "business professional." The first offering of this course was in July 2002 as part of the IEEE PES Summer Meeting in Chicago. Power System Basics for Business Professionals was developed to improve the communication process by providing business professionals with a basic level of understanding of terminology and fundamental issues. This tutorial article provides an overview of the scope of the course.
Lung and cardiac tissue doses in left breast cancer patients treated with single-source breast brachytherapy compared to external beam tangent fields.

Abstract Purpose We performed a retrospective analysis of doses to normal critical structures in 26 women with left-sided breast tumors treated with a high-dose-rate single source brachytherapy (SSB) system, versus whole breast external beam tangent fields (EBTF) using a computer model. Methods and materials Each patient's EBTF radiation plan consisted of ipsilateral tangent fields normalized to 46 Gy. A complementary SSB radiation plan was designed to deliver 34 Gy in 10 fractions at 1 cm into tissue enclosing a sphere of diameter 4.6 cm at tumor bed, simulating our institution's experience with the MammoSite™ applicator. Critical structure volumes and doses analyzed included the volume of whole heart and left ventricle receiving >25 Gy, and left lung (LL) receiving 20 and 13 Gy for EBTF plans. For SSB we determined the linear quadratic 2-Gy-equivalent high-dose-rate doses of 23.4, 20, and 14 Gy to be equivalent to 25, 20, and 13 Gy, respectively. We then compared the two doses for each critical structure. Results The percent of whole heart receiving >25 Gy equivalent using EBTF and SSB was 2% and 0% (mean dose 2.52 vs. 1.65 Gy), left ventricle receiving >25 Gy using EBTF and SSB was 3% and 0% (mean dose 3.78 vs. 2.68 Gy), LL receiving >20 Gy using EBTF and SSB was 11.5% and 0.5%, and LL receiving >13 Gy using EBTF and SSB was 12.6% and 1.85% (mean dose to LL was 6.06 Gy for EBTF vs. 2.25 Gy for SSB), respectively. Conclusions When compared to EBTF, breast brachytherapy with SSB is associated with a significant decrease in mean dose and percentage volume receiving a given dose for each organ.
Association value of responses in the paired-associate learning of children and adults

Summary Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of response meaningfulness on paired-associate learning of children and adults. Four lists were constructed using adjectives as stimuli, and CVC trigrams of 20, 50, or 80% association value or singledigit numbers as responses. Although the college students learned the lists more rapidly than the fifth-grade children, the level of performance of both the children and college students was found to vary positively with the association value of the trigram responses. Performance on the list with number responses, however, was better than on any of the trigram lists for the children, but comparable to that on the 50% association-value trigrams for the college students. The results suggest that ratings of mean-ingfulness based upon adult normative groups may be used successfully in selecting materials for experiments on verbal learning with children. The relative difference in performance of the children and adults on the number list was discussed in terms of intralist associative interference.
Rachid Bouchareb’s Outside the Law: Aesthetics and Reception in France

This article is a critical reading of the Franco-Algerian filmmaker Rachid Bouchareb’s films and their reception in France, Algeria, and the United States. Whereas Days of Glory , which deals with African soldiers who fought on behalf of France in World War II, was praised for its realism, Outside the Law , taking the form of a gangster film, failed to garner the label of authenticity in its treatment of the Algerian War of Independence. By analyzing the shift from Day of Glory to Outside the Law in the filmic language that characterizes Bouchareb’s style, and the public response to it, Merkel attempts to construct a language of tropes, forms, and contexts that determine the palatability of African art, notably in metropolitan France.
Scattering of a Love Wave by the Edge of a Thin Surface Layer

The antiplane strain problem of the scattering of an incident Love wave by the edge of a thin surface layer is solved. The effect of the layer is represented by a boundary condition applied at the surface of the substrate. In addition, the condition of vanishing traction on the edge of the layer is explicitly enforced. At large distances from the layer’s edge the scattered field is found to consist of a reflected Love wave and a radiated wave. The power flux identity for the problem is derived, and values of the power reflection coefficient are computed. The power flux identity is verified numerically, and the discrepancy which would arise from a failure to satisfy the condition of vanishing traction on the layer’s edge is evaluated.
Pulse resistance effects due to charging or discharging of high-power lithium-ion cells: A path dependence study

Battery life estimations and state-of-health projections for commercial applications such as hybrid electric vehicles are highly dependent on accurate resistance monitoring. This study examined discharge/charge hysteresis (path dependency) effects on measuring resistance using two different lithium-ion cell chemistries. Cells were either discharged or charged to a target voltage, followed by a rest at open-circuit for electrochemical and thermal equilibration, immediately prior to a resistance measurement using a high-current pulse profile. Results show that a voltage hysteresis effect has an impact on cell resistance measurements, depending on the direction a target voltage is reached. Specifically, charging to a target condition yields different and less consistent resistance measurements compared to discharging to that same condition. Further, using slower rates to approach the target condition has a small impact on resistance on the discharge curve but does give a noticeable improvement on the charge curve. Unfortunately, slow charging and discharging are generally not practical for hybrid electric vehicle applications due to the rapidly changing power demands of the driver. Consequently, these results indicate that life estimates should be primarily based on resistances determined from pulses on the discharge curve.
Time domain capacitance spectroscopy of tunneling electrons in the two-dimensional electron gas

We have developed a technique capable of measuring the tunneling current into both localized and conducting states in a 2D electron system (2DES). The method yields I–V characteristics for tunneling with no distortions arising from low 2D in-plane conductivity. We have used the technique to determine the pseudogap energy spectrum for electron tunneling into and out of a 2D system and, further, we have demonstrated that such tunneling measurements reveal spin relaxation times within the 2DEG. Pseudogap: In a 2DEG in perpendicular magnetic field, a pseudogap develops in the tunneling density of states at the Fermi energy. We resolve a linear energy dependence of this pseudogap at low excitations. The slopes of this linear gap are strongly field dependent. No existing theory predicts the observed behavior. Spin relaxation: We explore the characteristics of equilibrium tunneling of electrons from a 3D electrode into a high mobility 2DES. For most 2D Landau level filling factors, we find that electrons tunnel with a single, well-defined tunneling rate. However, for spin-polarized quantum Hall states (ν=1, 3 and 1/3) tunneling occurs at two distinct rates that differ by up to two orders of magnitude. The dependence of the two rates on temperature and tunnel barrier thickness suggests that slow in-plane spin relaxation creates a bottleneck for tunneling of electrons.
Non-unitary supersymmetric conformal field theories and supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation

We study coset construction of superconformal minimal models using admissible representations of Kac-Moody algebra. In particular, we study supersymmetric minimal models of Wn algebra, and in particular we argue that c = −5/2 cannot be considered as a minimal model of superconformal or super-W3 algebra. In the second part of the paper, we consider superconformal field theories whose perturbations correspond to breather-breather scattering in supersymmetric sine-Gordon equations, and find a family of theories with c = −3N(4N + 3)/2(N + 1), N = 1, 2, 3, …, which is the counterpart of the family of non-unitary theories with c = −2N(6N + 5)/(2N + 3), N = 1, 2, 3, …, among which N = 1 (c = −22/5) is the Yang-Lee edge singularity.
Studies on hydroperoxide-dependent substrate hydroxylation by purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450.

Highly purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the hydroperoxide-dependent hydroxylation of a variety of substrates in the absence of NADPH, NADPHcytochrome P-450 reductase, and molecular oxygen. The addition of phosphatidylcholine is necessary for maximal activity. The absence of flavoproteins and cytochrome b, from the cytochromeP-450 preparations rules out the involvement of other known microsomal electron carriers. The ferrous form of cytochrome P-450 is not involved in peroxidedependent hydroxylation reactions, as indicated by the lack of inhibition by carbon monoxide. With cumene hydroperoxide present, a variety of substrates is attacked, including N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, cyclohexane, benzphetamine, and aminopyrine. With benzphetamine as the substrate, cumene hydroperoxide may be replaced by other peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide, or by peracids or sodium chlorite. A study of the stoichiometry indicated that equimolar amounts ofN-methylaniline, formaldehyde, and cumyl alcohol (o,o-dimethylbenzyl alcohol) are formed in the reaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with cumene hydroperoxide. Since H,180 is incorporated only slightly into cyclohexanol in the reaction of cyclohexane with cumene hydroperoxide, it appears that the oxygen atom in cyclohexanol is derived primarily from the peroxide. The data obtained are in accord with a peroxidase-like mechanism for the action of cytochrome P-450.
A discretization framework for scalar integral equations using the generalized method of moments and locally smooth surface approximations

This work applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) to the analysis of scalar integral equations using a locally smooth approximation to the surface. The GMM has been developed in the past on overlapping, piece-wise smooth tessellations. Here a new locally smooth surface mapping scheme is used to develop the GMM patches. The GMM is used to discretize the double layer potential formulation for acoustic scattering from hard targets. Sample results are presented that compare the RCS between the new GMM formulation and analytical data, as well as with the original GMM formulation on piecewise smooth tessellations. More results and application to the discretization of the Burton Miller formulation will be presented at the conference.
Appendix E—Pumping tests conducted at Kansas City, Kansas, by the Corps of Engineers, United States Army

A series of pumping tests was made in January and February, 1944, in the heavily industrialized part of the Fairfax District of Kansas City, Kansas, under the supervision of the United States Engineer Office, Kansas City District, Kansas City, Missouri. The tests were made on a well located approximately 160 feet from the landward toe of the levee along the Missouri River. Thirty-eight observation-wells were constructed in three equally spaced radial lines extending out from the pumped well. The observation-wells in each line were located at distances of 5, 15, 35, 75, and 155 feet from the pumped well. The observation-wells at each of these points were constructed to three different depths roughly representing penetrations of 25, 50, and 75 per cent of the pervious substratum. The pumped well represented a penetration of approximately 70 per cent of the pervious substratum, and a series of pumping tests was performed at this depth. The well was partially plugged at several depths, and the tests repeated at these depths to determine the effects of partially penetrating wells. Each series of tests included pumping the well at different discharge-rates until the water-levels in the observation-wells reached equilibrium.
Warriors and worriers: Gender and psychopathology

Antisocial behaviors in females may differ from more prototypically “male” patterns of aggression, violence, and criminality that dominate criteria for conduct problems in diagnostic systems. This raises questions of how to define and investigate conduct problems in females as well as how to identify differential childhood antecedents. A developmental psychopathology perspective is advanced as one useful approach to understanding adaptive and maladaptive social patterns in males and females that may lead to different developmental trajectories and influence the forms of psychopathology that develop. The utility of de-emphasizing serious physical aggression as one important criteria for conduct problems is questioned. Recommendations that particular forms of deviance in females be considered as markers of their antisocial patterns (e.g., somatic complaints, friendlessness, underachievement) are also called into question. Rather than adopt sex-specific criteria to assess conduct problems, it is necessary to expand and broaden the diagnostic categories to include serious externalizing problems regardless of whether they occur in males or females.
Caecal epiploic appendagitis: an unlikely occurrence

Aim To determine whether epiploic appendagitis occurs in the caecum. Methods From 2000–2006, 58 cases with classic computed tomography (CT) features of acute epiploic appendagitis (focal round or oval fat density immediately adjacent to the colon with surrounding oedema and stranding, with or without a central area of high attenuation) were identified from a radiology information system and available for review on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Cases were assigned to one of six colonic segments: rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, and caecum. The Blyth–Still–Casella procedure was used to derive an exact upper bound on the likelihood of epiploic appendagitis occurring within the caecum. Results Twenty-eight cases occurred in the sigmoid colon, 16 in the descending colon, four in the transverse colon, and 10 in the ascending colon. No cases of acute epiploic appendagitis were identified in the caecum. Four cases of prospectively dictated caecal epiploic appendagitis were identified from the database. Retrospective review of these cases showed two cases to be epiploic appendagitis of the ascending colon. The third case demonstrated peritoneal thickening without evidence of an inflamed epiploic appendage. The fourth case was caecal diverticulitis. Based on these findings there is 95% confidence that no more than 4.6% of patients with epiploic appendagitis will show this condition within the caecum. Conclusion In the authors' experience, epiploic appendagitis does not occur in the caecum. Therefore, it is an unlikely cause for an inflammatory process in this region and other conditions should be considered.
Phenotypical manifestations of partial trisomy 9 and monosomy 4 in two siblings

In this case report, we describe two siblings with a previously unreported partial monosomy 4q and partial trisomy 9q. The sibling karyotypes were determined to be 46,XX,der(4)t(4;9)(q33;q33)pat and 46,XY,der(4)t(4;9)-(q33;q33)pat. The siblings share several common pathological features, including VSD, PDA, low-set ears and digit anomalies as well as features consistent with Pierre-Robin syndrome and hydrocephalus. We review previously reported phenotypes associated with monosomy 4q and partial trisomy 9q and discuss potential mechanisms for these morphological insults with particular emphasis on neuropathology.
Practical weak-atomicity semantics for java stm

As memory transactions have been proposed as a language-level replacement for locks, there is growing need for well-defined semantics. In contrast to database transactions, transaction memory (TM) semantics are complicated by the fact that programs may access the same memory locations both inside and outside transactions. Strongly atomic semantics, where non transactional accesses are treated as implicit single-operation transactions, remain difficult to provide without specialized hardware support or significant performance overhead. As an alternative, many in the community have informally proposed that a single global lock semantics [18,10], where transaction semantics are mapped to those of regions protected by a single global lock, provide an intuitive and efficiently implementable model for programmers.In this paper, we explore the implementation and performance implications of single global lock semantics in a weakly atomic STM from the perspective of Java, and we discuss why even recent STM implementations fall short of these semantics. We describe a new weakly atomic Java STM implementation that provides single global lock semantics while permitting concurrent execution, but we show that this comes at a significant performance cost. We also propose and implement various alternative semantics that loosen single lock requirements while still providing strong guarantees. We compare our new implementations to previous ones, including a strongly atomic STM.[24]
Evaluating State Advanced Technology Programs.

Although often viewed as a premature and difficult activity, evaluation of state advanced technology programs has commenced in response to annual state budget reviews. Three issues related to evaluation of state advanced technology programs are examined here: (1) the political and institutional context within which evaluation is being performed; (2) technical issues concerning the specification of outcomes, reliance on process indicators such as leveraging ratios, and dependence on self-reported assessments for outcome measures; and (3) the limits to program evaluation as a guide to policymaking. The diffusion of specific evaluation approaches may be exerting an independent influence on programmatic characteristics of other states, shaping both the relative emphasis accorded different objectives and the choice of evaluation techniques.
Physiology of Chromosome Movement in Lysed Cell Models

It has long been recognized that anaphase consists of two distinct motile events: movement of chromosomes to the poles, and the separation of the poles (spindle elongation). In the mammalian spindle, e.g. PtK1 cells, the chromosomes move at one speed until they reach a separation about equal in length to the original metaphase spindle, then they slow down (Brinkley and Cartwright 1971; Cande 1978). Chromosomes and poles then move together until the spindle is about twice its original length. Structural studies of the arrangement and redistribution of microtubules at anaphase suggest that each motile event may be associated with a particular class of microtubules (Fuge 1977; McIntosh et al. 1975; McDonald et al. 1977; Inoue and Ritter 1978). The chromosome movement to the poles is associated with kinetochore microtubules and spindle elongation with nonkinetochore microtubules, especially the central spindle. These stages of anaphase may also represent two separate physiological events. Chloral hydrate blocks spindle elongation but not chromosome-topole movement in insect spermatocytes (Ris 1949). Likewise, dilute colchicine blocks spindle elongation but not the initial fast chromosome movements (Oppenheim et al. 1973). Thus, it has been suggested that more than one mechanochemical system may be functioning during mitosis.
Lifestyle behaviors, chronic diseases, and ratings of health between black and white adults with pre-diabetes

PurposesThe purposes of this study were to assess differences in lifestyle behaviors and other health-related factors between black and white adults with pre-diabetes and to identify predictors for lifestyle behaviors.MethodsUsing the 2007 and 2009 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual cross-sectional survey of randomly selected samples from each state, black (n = 1156) and white (n = 9539) adults with pre-diabetes were compared on lifestyle behaviors, general health practices, perceptions of health, chronic diseases, and access to care. Predictors for participating in regular physical activity and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables were identified for each racial and gender group using multiple regression procedures.ResultsLess than 40% of the adults with pre-diabetes participated in regular physical activity, and less than a quarter had adequate intake of fruits and vegetables; only 20% met the body weight recommendations. Compared to whites, blacks were more ...
FM Spectroscopy and Frequency Domain Optical Memories

There has been considerable recent interest in spectroscopic techniques involving the use of frequency modulated (FM) laser radiation to measure the absorption or dispersion associated with narrow spectral features. In this paper, we review the basic principles of FM spectroscopy, present new results on FM excitation spectroscopy, and describe the application of these techniques to frequency domain optical memories.
Vertical representation of ocean temperature profiles with a gradient feature model

Vertical ocean profiles of temperature and salinity versus depth are collected by many oceanographic institutions for a variety of research and applied purposes. For many applications, the important aspect of the profile is not the temperature (salinity) at any particular depth, but the relationship of the temperatures (salinities) of the entire profile; i.e. the "shape" of the profile. For example, underwater acoustic problems are usually driven more by the shape of the profile than by the average temperature/salinity of the profile. This is especially true in shallow water where travel distances are short because of high reverberation and geometrical constraints of the bottom and coastlines. It is desirable to be able to describe ocean profiles in terms of the features that are important for a particular application. This paper discusses a technique to transform an ocean profile from "temperature space" into "coefficient space", using coefficients that are directly related to physical features of the profile, such as mixed layer depth, gradient in the thermocline, etc. The technique is also applicable to salinity and derived values such as sound speed, density, and conductivity.
Antares alignment gimbal positioner

Antares is a 24-beam 40-TW carbon-dioxide (CO2) laser fusion system currently under construction at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Antares alignment gimbal positioner (AGP) is an optomechanical instrument that will be used for target alignment and alignment of the 24 laser beams, as well as beam quality assessments. The AGP will be capable of providing pointing, focusing, and wavefront optical path difference, as well as aberration information at both helium-neon (He-Ne) and CO2 wavelengths. It is designed to allow the laser beams to be aligned to any position within a 1-cm cube to a tolerance of 10 μm.
Can LigaSure seal and divide the small bowel

Abstract Background The LigaSure system (Valleylab, Boulder, CO) seals vessels by reforming collagen and elastin in vessel walls. We studied the feasibility and effectiveness of LigaSure in dividing porcine small bowel. Methods Twelve porcine small bowel portions were randomized to division with either endoscopic linear stapler or LigaSure system and the burst pressure of the sealed ends were measured. Results Segments sealed with staples (6), LigaSure Atlas (Valleylab) (7), LigaSure Xtd (Valleylab) (4), and double-sealed with LigaSure Atlas (Valleylab) (4) were compared. Burst pressure for stapled segments was 131 (standard deviation [SD] 19) mm Hg; failure occurred in the bowel wall. Burst pressures for the 3 groups of Ligasure segments were 27 (SD 5), 20 (SD 6), and 11 (SD 13) mm Hg, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among them; failure occurred at the sealed end. Burst pressure for stapled segments was significantly higher than that of Ligasure segments ( P Conclusion LigaSure does not safely seal small bowel.
EVOLUTION OF THERMOTOLERANCE IN SEASONAL ENVIRONMENTS: THE EFFECTS OF ANNUAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION AND LIFE‐HISTORY TIMING IN WYEOMYIA SMITHII

In organisms with complex life cycles, the adaptive value of thermotolerance depends on life-history timing and seasonal temperature profiles. We illustrate this concept by examining variation in annual thermal environments and thermal acclimation among four geographic populations of the pitcher plant mosquito. Only diapausing larvae experience winter, whereas both postdiapause and nondiapause adults occur only during the growing season. Thus, adults experience transient cold stress primarily during the spring. We show that adult cold tolerance (chill coma recovery) is enhanced in spring-like conditions via thermal acclimation but is unaffected by diapause state. Moreover, adult mosquitoes from northern populations were more cold tolerant than those from southern populations largely because acclimation responses were steeper in the north. In contrast to cold tolerance, there was no significant acclimation of heat tolerance (heat knockdown), and no significant differences in heat tolerance between northern and southern populations. Field temperature data show that because of evolved differences in diapause timing, adult exposure to cold stress is remarkably consistent across geography. This suggests that geographic variation in cold tolerance may not be the result of direct selection on adults. Our results illustrate the importance of the interplay between phenological and thermal adaptation for understanding variation along climatic gradients.
Evolution of resource competition between mutually dependent digital organisms

We study the emergence and dynamics of competing strains of digital organisms in a world with two depletable resources. Consumption of one resource produces the other resource as a by-product, and vice versa. As a consequence, two types of mutually dependent organisms emerge that each prey on the waste product of the other. In the absence of mutations, that is, in a purely ecological setting, the abundances of the two types of organisms display a wide range of different types of oscillations, from regular oscillations with large amplitude to irregular oscillations with amplitudes ranging from small to large. In this regime, time-averaged abundance levels seem to be controlled by the relative fitness of the organisms in the absence of resources. Under mutational pressure, on the other hand, populations evolve that seem to avoid the oscillations of intermediate to large amplitudes. In this case, the relative fitness of the organisms in the presence of resources plays an important role in the time-averaged abundance levels as well.
Children's Sense of Self in Relation to Clinical Processes: Portraits of Pharmaceutical Transformation

This article presents in-depth accounts of pharmaceutical transformation from the perspective of two children diagnosed with behavioral and emotional disorders. These portraits provide the basis for an examination of the complex interrelation between self and clinical processes. Narrative data were collected in the context of a 13-month anthropological study of the lived experiences of children diagnosed with behavioral and emotional disorders and their families living in the northeastern United States. Participating families (N=20) were from diverse racial/ethnic (African American, Euro-American, and Latino) and socioeconomic backgrounds. Psychiatric diagnoses and pharmaceuticals present tangible constraints in the lives of children that call attention to otherwise fluid and ephemeral self processes. These accounts suggest that psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medications present dilemmas for children's developing sense of self, revealing limitations to biopsychiatric “pharmaceutical promises.” [children, self processes, subjective experience, psychiatric disorder, pharmaceuticals]