cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The hsp56 immunophilin component of untransformed steroid receptor complexes is localized both to microtubules in the cytoplasm and to the same nonrandom regions within the nucleus as the steroid receptor.

In their unliganded state, mouse glucocorticoid receptors (GR) that are overexpressed in the WCL2 line of Chinese hamster ovary cells are distributed in a nonrandom manner throughout all planes of the nucleus. These untransformed nuclear receptors exist in a heterocomplex containing three heat shock proteins, hsp90, hsp70, and hsp56, the latter being an immunophilin of the FK506 binding type whose cellular function is unknown. Because a knowledge of the cellular distribution of hsp56 could provide important clues to its function in steroid-receptor heterocomplexes, we have examined hsp56 localization in intact cells by indirect immunofluorescence using the UPJ56 antibody. The majority of hsp56 is located in the nucleus, with substantial amounts also visualized in the cytoplasm of intact cells. The cytoplasmic hsp56 was examined in rat pulmonary endothelial cells where the protein was found to colocalize with microtubules. The nuclear hsp56 was examined in the WCL2 cells, where the protein was found by con...
Clotrimazole treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

An 11-year-old girl with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and multiple immunologic defects was treated with a new oral antifungal agent, clotrimazole. Marked improvement of her skin and mouth lesions ensued without evidence of serious toxicity.
Synthesis and SAR of novel conformationally restricted oxazolidinones possessing gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative antibacterial activity. Part 2: Amino substitutions on heterocyclic D-ring system.

A novel series of conformationally restricted oxazolidinones was synthesized, in which the heterocyclic D ring was substituted with various amino groups. Several analogs exhibited potent activity against both Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative organisms. Certain amino-substituted analogs also exhibited improved aqueous solubility compared to the corresponding un-substituted heterocyclic D-ring analogs.
Use of matrix clusters and trypsin autolysis fragments as mass calibrants in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Trypsin autolysis fragments and matrix clusters are often observed as intense peaks in mass spectra of protein digests. It is demonstrated that these can be exploited to improve the mass calibration of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometer. Interpretation of some of the autolysis masses is complicated by the existence of disulfide bonds. Surprisingly large matrix clusters are often visible for alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid. The fractional part of their masses differentiates them from protein digestion fragments.
Syntheses, systematic potentiometry and structural studies of 26-membered hexaaza-diphenolate-based macrocyclic diiron complexes

Abstract Homodinuclear ferrous complexes with a new 26-membered macrocyclic ligand: 3,6,10,18,22,25-hexaaza-31,32-dihydroxy-14,29-dimethyl-tricyclo[25,3,1,1,11,17]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27,28-hexaene (L or BTBP), have been synthesized and characterized with elemental analysis, NMR, FAB MS and X-ray. The ligand maintains preorganized dinuclear integrity for iron(II) complexes, while facilitating the formation of non-bridged diiron centers. Potentiometric equilibrium studies indicate that a variety of protonated, mononuclear and dinuclear complexes are formed with Fe(II) and Fe(III) from p[H] 2 through 12 in aqueous solution. The stability constants and species distribution as a function of p[H] of the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:1:1 [ligand: Fe(II)/Fe(III) or ligand:Fe(II):Fe(III)] complexes were determined in KCl supporting electrolyte (μ=0.100 M) at 25 °C. Dinuclear iron(II) complex easily forms μ-peroxo adduct at 1 atm oxygen atmosphere with the oxygenation constant log K[O2]=7.74. The neutral homodinuclear complexes [Fe2C28H44N6O2(CO3)2)]·12(H2O) forms triclinic crystals, of space group P 1 , with a=8.318(10) A, b=9.443(12) A, c=14.066(18) A, α=73.925(2), β=73.510(2), γ=87.775(2)° and Z=1. Each iron(II) is complexed by half of the coordination sites of the dinucleating macrocycle, and the anionic carbonate enters into the coordination sphere and completes a six-coordinated octahedron.
A Social Disorganization Perspective on Bullying-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: The Influence of School Context

Social disorganization theory suggests that certain school-level indictors of disorder may be important predictors of bullying-related attitudes and behaviors. Multilevel analyses were conducted on bullying-related attitudes and experiences among 22,178 students in 95 elementary and middle schools. The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated that 0.6–2% of the variance in victimization, 5–10% of the variance in retaliatory attitudes, 5–6% of the variance in perceptions of safety, and 0.9% of the variance in perpetration of bullying was associated with the clustering of students within schools. Although the specific associations varied somewhat for elementary schools as compared to middle schools, the hierarchical linear modeling analyses generally suggested that school-level indicators of disorder (e.g., student–teacher ratio, concentration of student poverty, suspension rate, and student mobility) were significant predictors of bullying-related attitudes and experiences. Student-level characteristics (i.e., sex, ethnicity, status in school) were also relevant to students’ retaliatory attitudes, perceptions of safety, and involvement in bullying. Implications for school-based research and violence prevention are provided.
Central catheter fibrin sleeve--heparin effect.

Intravascular abnormalities were well documented with central venous catheters. A prospective randomized study was undertaken to assess the actual incidence of such abnormalities with a silicone catheter and the effect of heparin in small doses on the formation of such abnormalities. Silicone catheters placed via the subclavian route were inserted for intravenous nutritional support. A standard solution of 5% amino acid and 20 to 25% dextrose was utilized and patients were randomized to receive 1000 units of heparin per liter or no heparin. Catheter venograms were performed at the conclusion of therapy. Thirty-four patients were completed with 17 patients in the heparin group and 17 in the control group. There was obvious fibrin sleeve formation in nine of 17 (53%) in the heparin group and 11 of 17 (65%) in the control group. The duration of catheter stay correlates with the incidence of intravascular fibrin sleeve formation. Intravascular reactions to central catheters occur, regardless of catheter compo...
Evaluation of Handle Diameter in Maximum Horizontal and Vertical Torque Tasks

The effects of handle diameter (25∼50mm) and handle orientation (horizontal and vertical) on the subjective comfort, maximum torque performance, total finger force, and efficiency of flexor and ext...
Forecasting long-term bridge deterioration conditions using artificial intelligence techniques

About a quarter of 600,000 bridges in the USA are deficient. The objective of this study is to make accurate predictions of future bridge deterioration condition using artificial neural networks, and to ensure the developed models are applicable for practical use. Using bridge inspection data provided by the Connecticut Department of Transportation ConnDOT, artificial neural networks-based model is developed to modelling complex relationships between input and output to identify patterns within the data. The developed neural net input variables included bridge geometry, construction and service, while the output variables were condition ratings for the deck, superstructure, and substructure. The neural nets used in this research demonstrated an ability to produce accurate results down to a root mean square error of 10.05% on the best trial. This study shows the potential to develop a tool to predict the future condition ratings of bridges to assist agencies in bridge program planning.
The effects of obesity on lifting performance

Obesity in the workforce is a growing problem worldwide. While the implications of this trend for biomechanical loading of the musculoskeletal system seem fairly straightforward, the evidence of a clear link between low back pain (LBP) and body mass index (BMI) (calculated as whole body mass in kilograms divided by the square of stature in meters) has not been shown in the epidemiology literature addressing this topic. The approach pursued in the current study was to evaluate the lifting kinematics and ground reaction forces of a group of 12 subjects -- six with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m(2) (normal weight) and six with a BMI of greater than 30 kg/m(2) (obese). These subjects performed a series of free dynamic lifting tasks with varied levels of load (10% and 25% of capacity) and symmetry (sagittally symmetric and 45 degrees asymmetric). The results showed that BMI had a significant effect (p<0.05) on trunk kinematics with the high BMI group exhibiting higher peak transverse plane (twisting) velocity (59% higher) and acceleration (57% higher), and exhibiting higher peak sagittal plane velocity (30% higher) and acceleration (51% higher). When normalized to body weight, there were no significant differences in the ground reaction forces between the two groups. This study provides quantitative data describing lifting task performance differences between people of differing BMI levels and may help to explain why there is no conclusive epidemiological evidence of a relationship between BMI and LBP.
Mechanisms of dinitrogen gas formation in anaerobic lagoons

Abstract Anaerobic lagoons have been widely used to treat agricultural waste and waste from small municipalities for many years. Oxidation of ammonia is generally assumed to not occur in such lagoons because of their anaerobic environment. Nitrification, the most likely process that would lead to ammonia oxidation, has not been considered a significant process in anaerobic lagoons because of the negligible concentrations of dissolved oxygen measured in these systems. Therefore observed nitrogen losses are usually assumed to be due to ammonia volatilization. However, in field studies of primary swine waste lagoons in the south-eastern US Coastal Plain, rates of dinitrogen (N 2 ) gas production have been observed to be much greater than rates of NH 3 volatilization. This paper discusses possible mechanisms that could explain observations of N 2 gas generation in anaerobic waste lagoons. Chemical and microbial reactions have been documented that combine ammonia with nitrite, or nitrous acid, to form N 2 under anaerobic conditions. Nitrification and denitrification reactions have also been observed under microaerobic conditions. Each of these reactions requires low levels of oxygen for the initial nitrification of ammonia to nitrite. Diffusion rates of oxygen through the lagoon surface appear to be adequate to allow enough nitrite formation to explain observed N 2 fluxes.
Regulation of steroidogenesis and cholesterol synthesis by prostaglandin F-2α and lipoproteins in bovine luteal cells

Bovine luteal cells can utilize low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) as a source of cholesterol for steroidogenesis, and administration of PGF-2 alpha in vitro suppresses lipoprotein utilization. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism by which PGF-2 alpha exerts this effect. Cultured bovine luteal cells received 0.25 microCi[14C]acetate/ml, to assess rates of de-novo sterol and steroid synthesis, with or without lipoproteins. Both LDL and HDL enhanced progesterone production (P less than 0.01), but caused a significant reduction in the amount of radioactivity in the cholesterol fraction. PGF-2 alpha treatment inhibited the increase in lipoprotein-induced progesterone synthesis (P less than 0.01), but did not prevent the reduction in de-novo cholesterol synthesis brought about by LDL or HDL. PGF-2 alpha alone reduced cholesterol synthesis (P less than 0.01), but it was not as effective as either LDL or HDL. Both lipoproteins and PGF-2 alpha also decreased the amount of radioactivity in the progesterone fraction (P less than 0.01), and the effect of PGF-2 alpha was similar to that of the lipoproteins. It is concluded that lipoproteins can enhance progesterone production and also suppress de-novo cholesterol synthesis in bovine luteal cells, but only the former effect of lipoproteins is inhibited by PGF-2 alpha. Therefore, it is suggested that PGF-2 alpha allows entry of lipoprotein cholesterol into the cell, but prevents utilization for steroidogenesis. In addition, PGF-2 alpha alone can suppress cholesterol synthesis, as well as decrease conversion of cholesterol to progesterone.
Lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mice increases sensitivity to oxidative stress but does not diminish life span

Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) repairs oxidized methionine residues within proteins and may also function as a general antioxidant. Previous reports have suggested that modulation of MsrA in mice and mammalian cell culture can affect the accumulation of oxidized proteins and may regulate resistance to oxidative stress. Thus, under the oxidative stress theory of aging, these results would predict that MsrA regulates the aging process in mammals. We show here that MsrA−/− mice are more susceptible to oxidative stress induced by paraquat. Skin-derived fibroblasts do not express MsrA, but fibroblasts cultured from MsrA−/− mice were, nevertheless, also more susceptible to killing by various oxidative stresses. In contrast to previous reports, we find no evidence for neuromuscular dysfunction in MsrA−/− mice in either young adult or in older animals. Most important, we found no difference between MsrA−/− and control mice in either their median or maximum life span. Thus, our results show that MsrA regulates sensitivity to oxidative stress in mice but has no effect on aging, as determined by life span.—Salmon, A. B., Perez, V. I., Bokov, A., Jernigan, A., Kim, G., Zhao, H., Levine, R. L., Richardson, A. Lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mice increases sensitivity to oxidative stress but does not diminish life span.
Geometry and Combinatorics of Resonant Weights

Let \( \mathcal{A} \) be an arrangement of n hyperplanes in ℂl. Let \( \Bbbk \) be a field and A=⊕ p=0 l A p the Orlik-Solomon algebra of \( \mathcal{A} \) over \( \Bbbk \). The p th resonance variety of \( \mathcal{A} \) over \( \Bbbk \) is the set \( \mathcal{R}^p \left( {\mathcal{A},\Bbbk } \right) \) of one-forms a∈A 1 annihilated by some b∈A p \(a). This notion arises naturally from consideration of cohomology of the rank-one local systems generated by single-valued branches of \( \mathcal{A} \)-master functions Φ a .
Synthesis of oxazolidine derivatives of β-[3-(aryloxy)aryl]-α-amino acids by application of the diels-alder reaction

Abstract The Diels-Alder reaction has been used to construct the diaryl ether unit in oxazolidine derivatives of β-[3-(aryloxy)aryl]-α-amino acids. Cycloaddition of acetylenic ketone 6 with substituted aryloxy dienes, and subsequent aromatization, provided the title compounds in good yields. Reaction of 6 with Danishefsky's diene furnished optically pure derivatives of L-tyrosine.
Membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol- dependent domain formation

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56 lck ) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.
Exits Among U.S. Burley Tobacco Growers After the End of the Federal Tobacco Program

This study explores the relationship between family/farm characteristics and the probability of exiting burley tobacco farming in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. Following the termination of the federal tobacco program in 2004, 54% of burley tobacco-growing households in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. exited burley tobacco farming by 2006. Tobacco yield, tobacco farm cash receipts, tobacco price, off-farm employment, and farm size are the most dominant variables discriminating between exiting and surviving tobacco farms. Data for this study came from a mail survey of burley tobacco producers in Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina in May 2006.
Wide-area integrated maritime surveillance: bias phenomenon and compensation for latitude/longitude transformations

This paper describes a Wide Area Integrated Maritime Surveillance (WAIMS) system based on High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) for monitoring surface and low-level air activity within the 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The system is designed to help authorities to locate and identify illegal activities. In particular, we investigate the bias problem from a nonlinear latitude and longitude transformation. The geometric relationship between a sensor and a target position is formulated. Then using Taylor series, an analysis of the nonlinear transformation bias is done with comparison of calculated and simulated results.
Broadband Trailing Edge Noise Predictions in the Time Domain

A recently developed analytic result in acoustics, "Formulation 1B," is used to compute broadband trailing edge noise from an unsteady surface pressure distribution on a thin airfoil in the time domain. This formulation is a new solution of the Ffowcs Willliams-Hawkings equation with the loading source term, and has been shown in previous research to provide time domain predictions of broadband noise that are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, this formulation lends itself readily to rotating reference frames and statistical analysis of broadband trailing edge noise. Formulation 1B is used to calculate the far field noise radiated from the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil in low Mach number flows, by using both analytical and experimental data on the airfoil surface. The acoustic predictions are compared with analytical results and experimental measurements that are available in the literature. Good agreement between predictions and measurements is obtained.
Joint projections of temperature and precipitation change from multiple climate models: a hierarchical Bayesian approach

Summary. Posterior distributions for the joint projections of future temperature and precipitation trends and changes are derived by applying a Bayesian hierachical model to a rich data set of simulated climate from general circulation models. The simulations that are analysed here constitute the future projections on which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change based its recent summary report on the future of our planet’s climate, albeit without any sophisticated statistical handling of the data. Here we quantify the uncertainty that is represented by the variable results of the various models and their limited ability to represent the observed climate both at global and at regional scales. We do so in a Bayesian framework, by estimating posterior distributions of the climate change signals in terms of trends or differences between future and current periods, and we fully characterize the uncertain nature of a suite of other parameters, like biases, correlation terms and model-specific precisions. Besides presenting our results in terms of posterior distributions of the climate signals, we offer as an alternative representation of the uncertainties in climate change projections the use of the posterior predictive distribution of a new model’s projections. The results from our analysis can find straightforward applications in impact studies, which necessitate not only best guesses but also a full representation of the uncertainty in climate change projections. For water resource and crop models, for example, it is vital to use joint projections of temperature and precipitation to represent the characteristics of future climate best, and our statistical analysis delivers just that.
The cumulative probability of liveborn multiples after in vitro fertilization: a cohort study of more than 10,000 women

Objective To estimate the cumulative probability of liveborn multiples after IVF to improve patient counseling regarding this significant morbidity. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Large academic-affiliated infertility practice. Patient(s) A total of 10,169 women were followed from their first fresh, nondonor IVF cycle through up to six fresh and frozen IVF cycles from 2000–2010. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Delivery of a liveborn infant(s). Result(s) After three IVF cycles the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) was 53.2%. The singleton, twin, and triplet CLBRs were 38.0%, 14.5%, and 0.7%. After six IVF cycles the CLBR was 73.8%, with 52.8%, 19.8%, 1.3% for singletons, twins, and triplets. Of the 5,433 live births, 71.4% were singletons, 27.1% were twins, and 1.5% were triplets. Women more than 39 years had the lowest incidence of liveborn multiples with CLBRs of 5.2% after three cycles and 9.5% after six cycles. The twin CLBR doubled from cycles 1 through 3 with the rate of increase slowing from cycles 3 through 6. Although very low in absolute terms, the triplet CLBR also doubled from cycles 1 through 3 and doubled again from cycles 3 through 6. Of the 1,970 pregnancies that began as multifetal on ultrasound, 77.4% resulted in liveborn multiples. Conclusion(s) Providers should be aware of the cumulative probability of liveborn multiples to effectively counsel patients on this important issue. With nearly three-quarters of all women having live birth after up to six IVF cycles, it is encouraging to report a low incidence of liveborn multiples.
The First Example of Dinuclear Co(III) Complexes Containing Crown Ether Moieties

The new dinuclear, octahedral cobalt(III) complexes have been synthesized and then their ability to interact with 4,4′-trimethylene dipyridine investigated. The 1H and 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis data indicated that the cobalt(III) complexes are dinuclear. Das erste Beispiel fur zweikernige, Kronenether-enthaltende Cobalt(III)-Komplexe Neue zweikernige, oktaedrische Cobalt(III)-Komplexe wurden dargestellt und ihre Eignung zur Reaktion mit 4,4′-Trimethylendipyridin untersucht. 1H- und 13C-NMR, IR und analytische Daten belegen, das diese Cobalt(III)-Komplexe zweikernig sind.
Comparative Study of Three Measures of Sexual Jealousy

To determine whether several measures of sexual jealousy identify theorized group differences, three measures were compared, the Interpersonal Jealousy Scale developed by Mathes and Severa, the Semantic Differential Technique of Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum, and a single-item Self-rating Jealousy scale. While the first two were sensitive to group differences in jealousy, the third was not. Suggestions for improvement of the Semantic Differential are also included.
the effects of marital support, social network support, and parenting stress on parenting: self-efficacy among mothers of young children in Japan

This study investigated whether Japanese women’s perceived marital and social support affect their parenting self-efficacy directly or indirectly through their levels of parenting stress. Participants were 98 mothers of children in the second grade living in Sapporo or Osaka, Japan. Data collected through surveys were submitted to a structural equation modeling. Results showed that marital support, mothers-in-law support, and friend support each lowered women’s parenting stress, and the low stress in turn increased women’s parenting self-efficacy; however, the indirect effects of mothers-in-law support and friends support on parenting self-efficacy only approached statistical significance. The support from the women’s own mothers directly affected women’s parenting self-efficacy while the criticism from own mothers dampened women’s parenting self-efficacy indirectly by increasing their levels of stress. This study suggests that the criticism targeted to women from family and friends are detrimental to the...
Relational, role, and social identity as expressed in grandparents’ personal web sites

This paper reports on an investigation of personal web sites created by grandparents. The paper examines the sites and uncovers important themes relating to the grandparent‐grandchild relationship, the grand‐parenting role, and age identity. References to age are relatively rare, occurring largely in sites created by younger grandparents, and sites concerned with social activism. A number of ways in which being a grandparent is represented as a meaningful social identity are described. Conclusions are drawn in terms of theoretical links between relational, role, and social identities and issues of importance to the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren. It is argued that a social identity theory perspective provides interesting insight on the examination of communication about family relationships.
Metasynthesis Findings: Potential Versus Reality

Early on, qualitative researchers predicted that metasynthesis research had the potential to significantly push knowledge development forward. More recently, scholars have questioned whether this is actually occurring. To examine this concern, a randomly selected sample of metasynthesis articles was systematically reviewed to identify the types of findings that have been produced. Based on this systematic examination, it appears that findings from metasynthesis investigations might not be reaching their full potential. Metasynthesis investigations frequently result in isolated findings rather than findings in relationship, and opportunities to generate research hypotheses and theoretical models are not always fully realized. With this in mind, methods for moving metasynthesis findings into relationship are discussed.
The osmotic behavior of the sucrose-inaccessible space of mitochondrial pellets from rat liver.

SUMMARY 1. Parallel measurements were made of the sucrose pcrme- ability and the osmotic behavior of isolated rat liver mitochondria at O-5”. Pellet sucrose spaces and total pellet were de- termined by the isotope dilution method and from pellet water contents, respectively. From these volumes, extraparticulate spaces were derived mathematically. 2. For the case of mitochondria in 0.30 M sucrose, pellet sucrose spaces were 66 to 80% but extraparticulate spaces were only 23 to 33% of total pellet water volumes. Thus about two- thirds of the intramitochondrial water volume is permeable to sucrose. 3. In hypotonic sucrose, all of the mitochondrial space which sucrose does not enter adheres to Boyle-van% Hoff’s Law, be- having as an ideal osmometer. 4. Thus, the apparent contradiction between mitochondrial sucrose permeability and osmotic behavior is considered resolved through study of both the sucrose-accessible and the sucrose- inaccessible space of mitochondrial pellets. Two possible struc- tural bases for this heterogeneity are discussed.
The α-arrestin ARRDC3 regulates ubiquitin-independent ALIX-mediated GPCR lysosomal sorting (783.2)

Endosomal sorting and lysosomal degradation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) maintains cell homeostasis by attenuating receptor signaling and desensitizing cells to persistent activation. GPC...
Student Perceptions and Understanding of Client-Therapist Interactions Within the Inpatient Acute Care Environment: Qualitative Study

Background Physical therapists practicing in inpatient acute care settings in the United States work in a 21st century health care system that requires professional competence in clinical reasoning and decision making. For doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students, the development of confidence in the patient evaluation and the professional skills necessary for managing the inpatient environment can be challenging. Objective The study's purpose was to understand whether the early exposure of students to inpatient settings informed their understanding of the thought processes and actions of experienced clinicians during client interactions. Design A qualitative design was used. Methods Thirty-three DPT students working in inpatient settings were recruited from 15 unique inpatient hospital (acute care and rehabilitation) facilities with a convenience sampling technique. Reflective data were collected for 1 month with clinician-facilitated discussion boards. Results Four themes emerged: environment, communication, evaluation, and client-therapist interaction. The themes informed a conceptual model depicting the observation by DPT students of factors that influenced interactions between clients and experienced clinicians in inpatient settings. Reflection on the what, the how, and the why that informed clinical decisions enabled students to recognize the situated nature of evaluation and treatment approaches. Limitations The use of a sample from 1 year of a DPT program at one university reduced the generalizability of the results. Conclusions Limited research has examined student perceptions of the interactions of experienced clinicians with clients in inpatient acute care settings. More research is needed to understand the impact of exposing students to the thoughts and actions of therapists working in such settings earlier within DPT curricula.
Providing Persistent Objects in Distributed Systems

THOR is a persistent object store that provides a powerful programming model. THOR ensures that persistent objects are accessed only by calling their methods and it supports atomic transactions. The result is a system that allows applications to share objects safely across both space and time. The paper describes how the THOR implementation is able to support this powerful model and yet achieve good performance, even in a wide-area, large-scale distributed environment. It describes the techniques used in THOR to meet the challenge of providing good performance in spite of the need to manage very large numbers of very small objects. In addition, the paper puts the performance of THOR in perspective by showing that it substantially outperforms a system based on memory mapped files, even though that system provides much less functionality than THOR.
Long time asymptotics for constrained diffusions in polyhedral domains

Abstract We study long time asymptotic properties of constrained diffusions that arise in the heavy traffic analysis of multiclass queueing networks. We first consider the classical diffusion model with constant coefficients, namely a semimartingale reflecting Brownian motion (SRBM) in a d -dimensional positive orthant. Under a natural stability condition on a related deterministic dynamical system [P. Dupuis, R.J. Williams, Lyapunov functions for semimartingale reflecting brownian motions, Annals of Probability 22 (2) (1994) 680–702] showed that an SRBM is ergodic. We strengthen this result by establishing geometric ergodicity for the process. As consequences of geometric ergodicity we obtain finiteness of the moment generating function of the invariant measure in a neighborhood of zero, uniform time estimates for polynomial moments of all orders, and functional central limit results. Similar long time properties are obtained for a broad family of constrained diffusion models with state dependent coefficients under a natural condition on the drift vector field. Such models arise from heavy traffic analysis of queueing networks with state dependent arrival and service rates.
Brain–Computer Interface after Nervous System Injury

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has proven to be a useful tool for providing alternative communication and mobility to patients suffering from nervous system injury. BCI has been and will continue to be implemented into rehabilitation practices for more interactive and speedy neurological recovery. The most exciting BCI technology is evolving to provide therapeutic benefits by inducing cortical reorganization via neuronal plasticity. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of BCI technology used after nervous system injuries, specifically: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, and disorders of consciousness. Also presented is transcending, innovative research involving new treatment of neurological disorders.
Monazite geochronology in central New England: evidence for a fundamental terrane boundary

Monazite crystallization ages have been measured in situ using SIMS and EMP analysis of samples from the Bronson Hill anticlinorium in central New England. In west-central New Hampshire, each major tectonic unit (nappe) displays a distinctive P-T path and metamorphic history that requires significant post-metamorphic faulting to place them in their current juxtaposition, and monazite ages were determined to constrain the timing of metamorphism and nappe assembly. Monazite ages from the low- pressure, high-temperature Fall Mountain nappe range from c. 455 to 355 Ma, and Y zoning indicates that these ages comprise three to four distinct age domains, similar to that found in the overlying Chesham Pond nappe. The underlying Skitchewaug nappe contains monazite ages that range from c. 417 to 307 Ma. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages indicate rapid cooling of the Chesham Pond and Fall Mountain nappes after 350 Ma, which is believed to represent the time of emplacement of the high-level Chesham Pond and Fall Mountain nappes onto rocks of the underlying Skitchewaug nappe. Garnet zone rocks from western New Hampshire contain monazite that display a range of ages (c. 430-340 Ma). Both the metamorphic style and monazite ages suggest that the low-grade belt in western New Hampshire is continuous with the Vermont sequence to the west. Rocks of the Big Staurolite nappe in western New Hampshire contain monazite that crystallized between c. 370 and 290 Ma and the same unit along strike in northern New Hampshire and central Connecticut records ages of c. 257-300 Ma. Conspicuously absent from this nappe are the older age populations that are found in both the overlying nappes and underlying garnet zone rocks. These monazite ages confirm that the metamorphism observed in the Big Staurolite nappe occurred significantly later than that in the units structurally above and below. These data support the hypothesis that the Big Staurolite nappe represents a major tectonic boundary, along which rocks of the New Hampshire metamorphic series were juxtaposed against rocks of the Vermont series during the Alleghanian.
The effect of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense on the fitness of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus

Abstract Inshore and offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine (USA) have spring/summer harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense , which is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. The calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus co-occurs with A. fundyense during the seasonal blooms. At that time, C. finmarchicus population abundances are high, dominated by immature copepods preparing for diapause, and by actively-reproducing adults. High survival has been reported for copepods exposed to toxic A. fundyense , but little is known about possible sublethal effects. In this study, C. finmarchicus adult females were fed either a control diet of non-toxic Rhodomonas spp. or one of two diets containing either low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) levels (50 and 200 cells mL −1 , respectively) of toxic A. fundyense for a total of 7 days in two independent experiments. As expected, ingestion of the dinoflagellate had no effect on copepod survival and grazing activity. However, significant reductions of egg production and egg viability were observed in C. finmarchicus females fed on either experimental diet . After the 7-day experiment, total nauplius production by females on the LD and HD diets was reduced by 35% to 75% compared to the control females. These results suggest that blooms of A. fundyense in the Gulf of Maine may be an environmental challenge for C. finmarchicus populations, with a potential negative effect on copepod recruitment.
CFD Modeling and Modification of Cleanroom Design to Achieve ISO Class 6 Performance

The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Microfabrication Lab, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was commissioned in November 2012. The design and construction of this lab was discussed in a previous paper.[1] The laboratory comprises an area of 700.1 m2 (7545 ft2) under filter with 280 m2 (3014 ft2) of clean chase space, divided into 11 distinct cleanrooms. This paper focuses on the design and operation of one ISO Class 6 [2] cleanroom (3335) used for wet processing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and multichip modules (MCM). The initial design criteria are discussed, along with installation of the tools and the non-compliance of ISO Class 6 particle counts. Based on these results, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling software was employed to study the airflow in the room and modify the airflow to be compliant with ISO Class 6 standards.
The Use of Applications Software in School

AbstractTeachers have begun to use applications programs such as paint systems in classrooms to promote an education that includes expressive forms and contrasts with the prescribed intentionality and linear procedural processes of much courseware. The case study reported in this paper focused on the character of the image development processes used by a group of university students as they worked with Deluxe Paint II software in an Apple IIgs lab. The results of the study indicate that: (a) there was a general shift from a manipulative and technical to a conceptual and formal focus in the students’ responses about their work processes; (b) the students’ use of the software was situated, emerging from the production process rather than planned, and problem posing rather than problem solving; and (c) the social interactions between students were important to image development.
The Economics of Club Bidding in Private Equity

Acquisitions by private equity (PE) firms have gained prominence in recent years. Many of these acquisitions have been conducted by "clubs," where a number of PE firms join together to submit a single bid. We present a novel analysis of the economics of club bidding by private equity firms based on the notion that club formation may create value at the target firm by allowing the different dimensions of value creation of each individual PE firm to be aggregated by the club. The tradeoff is that forming a club decreases competition since it reduces the number of firms that submit a bid for the target. Taking the number of bidders as exogenous, we show that when there is a sufficient number of PE firms, allowing a club to form benefits not only its members but also the target shareholders. However, we also show that when bidding is costly and bidder entry thus endogenous, club formation will generally be bad for the seller. Combining these two sets of results, our findings are useful for understanding the recent evidence analyzing the pro- or anti-competitive effects of club bidding behavior.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: an update on genetic and functional analyses.

Exceptional advances have been made in understanding the genetics of how common polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene influence the risk and age of onset of Alzheimer disease (AD). The major genetic susceptibility locus for the common forms of AD, there are 3 common alleles, designated e2, e3, and e4. The inheritance of each dose of APOE4 increases the risk of disease and decreases the age of onset; conversely, the APOE2 allele appears to be protective, by lowering the risk of disease and increasing the age of onset. Testing for the APOE4 allele can be a clinically useful tool in the early diagnosis of cognitively impaired patients suspected of having AD. The APOE4 allele also negatively influences functional recovery following a variety of brain insults. What remains in the study of apolipoprotein E is an explanation of how minor changes in a protein can produce such striking differences in risk and age of onset. In vitro and animal model studies strongly suggest that brain apolipoprotein E is a multifunctional molecule, with potential roles in amyloid deposition and clearance, microtubule stability, intracellular signaling, immune modulation, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and other cellular processes. While the relevance of these proposed functions to the etiology of AD remains a mystery, these and other hypotheses will be tested as the field of apoE neurobiology grows, adding relevant new data to the functions of apoE in health and in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to AD.
Lattice vibrations in the Frenkel-Kontorova model. I. Phonon dispersion, number density, and energy

We studied the lattice vibrations of two inter-penetrating atomic sublattices via the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model of a linear chain of harmonically interacting atoms subjected to an on-site potential, using the technique of thermodynamic Green's functions based on quantum field-theoretical methods. General expressions were deduced for the phonon frequency-wave-vector dispersion relations, number density, and energy of the FK model system. In addition, as the application of the theory, we investigated in detail cases of linear chains with various periods of the on-site potential of the FK model. Some unusual but interesting features for different amplitudes of the on-site potential of the FK model are discussed. In the commensurate structure, the phonon spectrum always starts at a finite frequency, and the gaps of the spectrum are true ones with a zero density of modes. In the incommensurate structure, the phonon spectrum starts from zero frequency, but at a non-zero wave vector; there are some modes inside these gap regions, but their density is very low. In our approximation, the energy of a higher-order commensurate state of the one-dimensional system at a finite temperature may become indefinitely close to the energy of an incommensurate state. This finding implies that the higher-order incommensurate-commensurate transitionsmore » are continuous ones and that the phase transition may exhibit a “devil's staircase” behavior at a finite temperature.« less
Aerodynamics Modeling of A Maneuvering Aircraft Using Indicial Functions

In this paper, emphasis is placed on Reduced Order Models (ROM) based on linear indicial functions to model the aerodynamic loads of a UCAV maneuvering at moderate angle of attack. These functions are directly calculated using the results of URANS simulations and a grid movement tool. The maneuvers are also generated using a time optimal prediction code with the feasible solutions based on the vehicle control and state constraints. Results presented demonstrate the feasibly of the approach for response-type CFD calculations and aerodynamics modeling of studied maneuvers, although a nonlinear indicial function model is needed to tackle the discrepancies revealed in rolling and yawing moments.
Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes of influenza A virus A/Lishui/01/2009 (H1N1) isolate

Objective:Based on sequencing the Hemagglutinin(HA) gene of influenza A virus A/Lishui/01/2009(H1N1) isolate,we analyze the properties of influenza virus genetic variation in molecular level in Lishui.Methods:The clinical throat swab specimen of influenza A(H1N1) was detected with real-time PCR,RT-PCR was used to amplify the HA genes of influenza A virus.Results:The HA gene of influenza A virus was sequenced and it had genetic structure with 1,266 nts.Genetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of HA gene from A/Lishui/01/2009(H1N1) and other strains were 76.4%～99.8% and 80.0%～99.9%.According to the phylogenetic analysis of HA gene showed that A/Lishui/01/2009(H1N1) isolate belong to influenza A(H1N1).Conclusion:The imported suspected case was closely related to influenza A(H1N1) in Lishui,the results show that A/Lishui/01/2009(H1N1) was similarity of north American swine and both them belong to classical swine influenza A(H1N1).
Brief Survey on Case Teaching Methods' Application in the Curricula of Etiquette

Teaching approaches directly concerning whether teaching goal could be realized and superiority and inferiority of teaching effect.The essay proposed procedures and attentive issues of case teaching's execution in etiquette class via the analysis on the realistic significance.
Monitoring of Adverse Events Following Immunization and Its Effectiveness Evaluation in Huarong Country from 2007 to 2008

Objective To analyze the condition of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Huarong Country,to set up the AEFI monitoring system and evaluate its status,and to improve the effectiveness of the immunization. Methods According to the definition and classification of AEFI from WHO,we collected the AEFI data from 2007 to 2008 through the system of China immunization programs,descriptive epidemiological method was carried out to establish AEFI statistical data,and the data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Results Forty-six AEFI cases were reported in Huarong County from 2007 to 2008,among the total,25 cases occurred in 2007 and 21 cases occurred in 2008.The common cases were 14(30.43%),the serious cases were 24(52.18%),the coincidence cases were 2(4.34%),and the psychological cases were 6(13.04%).The total incidence rate of the fifteen kinds of vaccines was 1.72/10,000,and the incidence rates of common case,serious case,coincidence case,and psychological case were 0.52/10,000,0.89/10,000,0.075/10,000,and 0.23/10,000,respectively. Conclusions The vaccine is safe and the quality of immunization service is good.AEFI epidemic data are promptly reported in Huarong County.But the diagnosis standard of AEFI and the integrality of the data are needed to be further improved.
The Research of Water Pump Air Corrosion Issue in Engine Dyno Test

The article simply clarifies the definition and process of pump air corrosion,the condition when pump air corrosion phenomenon occurs and the harm of the water pump air corrosion phenomenon to the engine dyno test.Through the analysis of the case,this article analyzes the potential reasons by failure tress method,finds the final reason and makes improvement for the issue,validates the solution and finds that it can reduce the probability of this issue and enhance the reliability of the engine dyno test itself.This will be very useful for the engine dyno test.
Colonic epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in ulcerative colitis. An electron-microscopic study.

The following study confirms previously reported electron-microscopic findings in ulcerative colitis and agrees with the nonspecific nature of those findings. The study extends these observations in regard to relationship of PMN leukocytes, eosinophil leukocytes, and mast cells to colonic epithelial cells. Strong, though not conclusive, data that PMN and eosinophil leukocytes extensively invade epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis is presented. This finding also is not specific to ulcerative colitis and was found with much less frequency in Crohn's disease of the colon and in salmonella colitis. The presence of intravascular degranulation of PMN leukocytes in ulcerative colitis is confirmed. This study adds additional support to the concept that the major abnormality in ulcerative colitis resides within the colonic epithelial cell.