cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an HIV clinic-based interprofessional education curriculum for nursing, medical and pharmacy students

Abstract The interprofessional team approach to the management of persons with HIV infection is widely seen as the ideal management strategy. The HIV Medical Association's primary care guidelines recommend that HIV care sites utilize an interprofessional model 1 because studies have shown that such a model often helps retain patients in care, identify unmet care needs, and improve adherence to medications. 2 In recognition of the importance of the interprofessional model in the field of HIV, AIDS education and training centers (AETCs) across the country are working to develop and implement HIV-focused interprofessional education (IPE) curricula. The curriculum described herein was developed as part of a regional HIV Interprofessional Education collaborative with the Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center. In this HIV clinic-based IPE curriculum, students were given the opportunity to apply their IPE skills in a real-world setting. They were placed in teams with providers from other disciplines and participated in cross-training and shared note-writing. Students presented care plans in interprofessional team rounds and received immediate feedback on these plans. Finally, they were instructed on how to recognize and evaluate IPE utilizing a novel five-question assessment tool.
Comparison of Various Phosphine Additives in Zeolite Based Catalytic Isomerization of Oleic Acid

Isostearic acids (ISA) are important bio‐based ingredients for many commercial products such as lubricants, detergents, and cosmetics. This study is targeted to compare the efficacy of various phosphine derivatives in neutralizing the external acidic surface of zeolite which is responsible for the unwanted oligomerization during zeolite based skeletal isomerization reaction producing dimer as byproducts. Sixteen phosphine derivatives were individually evaluated with heat activated ammonium (NH₄⁺) cationic ferrierite zeolite to produce iso‐oleic acid from oleic acid which was converted to ISA through the hydrogenation process. In comparison, eight newly tested phosphine additives were found more effective than the previously reported phosphines (TPP, TPTP) to increase the product yield of iso‐oleic acid, ultimately ISA, either by suppressing the byproducts or accelerating the reaction rate as a whole. The performance depends on the electron donating capacity of central phosphorus atom of phosphine derivative attracting proton from the external surface of zeolite. This phenomenon is resulted from the combination of electronic effects and structural hindrances posed by the different substituents attached to the phosphine derivatives. The effectiveness of sixteen Lewis base phosphine additives were tested in neutralizing the external acidic surface of zeolite. The neutral outer surface of zeolite is ideal for suppressing dimer formation and thus producing the iso‐oleic acid (precursor of isostearic acid) in high yield through Lewis base‐zeolite combination skeletal isomerization reaction.
State-of-health indication method for Li-Ion batteries

This paper presents a state-of-health indication (SOH-I) method based on the online measurement of the impedance phase. Experimental measurement on 18650-2600 Li-Ion battery showed a relationship between the age increase of the battery and the increase of the frequency value at which the complex impedance phase is equal to zero. This relationship is utilized in this paper to present a preliminary method and controller to adjust the value of the initially assumed battery's available capacity as a function of an impedance phase based SOH-I preliminary equation. This SOH-I can also be used as an indicator for the need to replace the battery. The presented method is evaluated based on preliminary experimental results measured from a preliminary proof-of-concept laboratory prototype.
Enzymic Hydrolysis of Brewers' Spent Grain12

Enzyme hydrolytic products of brewers' spent grain (SG) have a representative composition of: 9.6% total lipid, 4.3% ash, 31% protein, 9% cellulose, 12% starch and β-glucans, 19% pentosans (xylose:...
Admixture Mapping Links RACGAP1 Regulation to Prostate Cancer in African Americans.

BACKGROUND/AIM Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in US males. African American men have higher incidence and mortality rates than European Americans. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with PCa. We hypothesized haplotypes inferred from these SNPs are also associated with PCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS We genotyped SNPs in a case-control admixture mapping study. SNP haplotypes inferred for 157 PCa cases and 150 controls were used in the regression analysis. RESULTS We found an association between "GTCCC", "ATTCT", and "ACCCC" haplotypes and PCa after ancestry adjustment (OR=3.62, 95%CI=1.42-9.21, p=0.0070; OR=7.89, 95%CI=2.36-26.31, p=0.0008; OR=4.34, 95%CI=1.75-10.78, p=0.0016). The rs615382 variant disrupts the recombination signal binding protein with immunoglobulin kappa J binding site in Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1). CONCLUSION Disruption of notch 1 mediated-repression of RACGAP1 may contribute to PCa in African Americans.
Revisiting Marx and problematizing Vygotsky: a transformative approach to language and speech internalization

Abstract Following Marx, Vygotsky saw the historical origins of language in labor, geared to coordinating productive activity that transforms the world and humans themselves. This collaborative activity entails dynamic interactivity, productive practicality and the profound sociality and historicity of language. Vygotsky’s attempted to advance psychology on these Marxist grounds while integrating insights from psychological and linguistic theories of his time, resulting in a complicated tapestry of ideas not without gaps and contradictions. Consequently, many valuable questions have been raised regarding Vygotsky’s views, especially on speech internalization, in an ongoing debate that is currently far from settled. This paper proposes that Vygotsky’s theory of language can be revised and deepened on the premises of a transformative onto-epistemology (Stetsenko, 2016) that helps to restore and advance its original Marxist orientation. The transformative approach expands on Marx’s and Vygotsky’s key insights while moving beyond their canonical interpretations. One of the implications of this approach is that internalization is not the mere appropriation of social language for individual mental use, but a process of turning toward oneself as a collaborative social quasi-partner in transformative activity. We further consider the role of language in a Marxist-Vygotskian framework that foregrounds agentic, transformative social activity.
A Map-Comparison Technique Utilizing Weighted Input Parameters

A method is presented for comparing thematic spatial data by weighting input parameters according to a preconceived understanding as to their importance. A difference map is built from standardized weighted input data for every grid node and projected to a comparison value. Moving over the map area, a comparison matrix is obtained that can be contoured to yield a resultant map. The algorithm has the capability of utilizing different data forms and accommodating missing data. An example of an application of the technique using geological, geophysical, strati-graphical, and topographical data in an area of south-central Kansas (USA) is given.
Merleau-Ponty and the Advent of Meaning: From Consummate Reciprocity to Ambiguous Reversibility

The three themes of perception, expression, and history proved to be significant and consistent concerns of Merleau-Ponty from his earliest to his latest writings. In turn, Merleau-Ponty was concerned to discover and show how meaning emerged within the context of each of these themes. My main goal in this essay will be to trace ways that Merleau-Ponty conceived of this emergence, and to how his conceptions underwent increasing sophistication from his earlier to later writings. In section I, I show how a kind of perceptual meaning arises out of an exchange between subject and object, perceived and perceived, and the visible and invisible. In section II, I show how expressive meaning arises out of an exchange between the spoken and speaking word, and the synchronic and diachronic registers of language. In these sections, I also point out that what starts roughly as binary dialogue (characterized by “consummate reciprocity”) between these matrices of meaning evolves into a more ambiguous interplay (characterized by such later ontological notions as “invisibility, reversibility, and the flesh”). In section III, I show how meaning arises in history out of an ambiguous interplay between past and present, ideas and institutions, the collective and individual, and the pre-determined and the free; and I suggest ways Merleau-Ponty might have integrated earlier scattered thoughts about meaning's emergence in history with his later ontology, had his work in these directions not been cut short.
Managing Challenging Conversations with Financial Counseling Clients

Seeking financial counseling can be a difficult decision for clients to make. They may seek help for a variety of reasons including personal control issues (such as overspending), financial crisis (such as job loss or bankruptcy), or couple-related issues (such as divorce or dispute over spending). Alternatively, individuals may seek financial counseling to improve or take preventive measures toward a neutral or even positive situation. In any case, revealing personal financial information is generally considered a private affair and can induce stress. Having a set of tools to manage challenging conversations with clients will assist with more productive meetings. Challenging conversations are grouped by external and internal challenges. External challenges are contextual in nature; the client is in a challenging position based on circumstances at that particular point in time. External challenges describe where the client is, but do not address feelings associated with the context. Internal challenges account for the client’s emotional reaction to the external challenges.
Without a back-up plan

A reliable power supply in developing countries can help socio-economic development efforts. Now research shows that it would also avoid significant environmental impacts.
Eosinophil progenitor levels correlate with tissue pathology in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis

Blood eosinophil progenitors (EoPs) correlate with tissue pathology during active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), providing additional evidence for blood EoP levels as a biomarker for disease activity and suggesting a role for EoPs in EoE pathogenesis.
Performance of the PROMIS After Operative Interventions for Shoulder Instability.

Background:The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to capture patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in an efficient manner. Few studies have assessed this ins...
Perceptions of Smoking and Vaping on Weight Control Among Adult American Indians Who Smoke

Interest in electronic cigarette (EC) use, or vaping, to help control weight is increasing. Many American Indian (AI) populations have a high prevalence of smoking, obesity, and EC use, but their perceptions of EC use for weight control are unknown. In Oklahoma in 2016, 375 AI adults who smoke completed a survey including perceptions about smoking and EC effects on weight control. Only 24% believed that smoking helps control weight, and 8% believed that vaping helps control weight. Perceptions differed by EC use, with ever users more often than never users perceiving that smoking (30% vs 12%, respectively; p < .01) and vaping (10% vs 5%; p = .04) help to control weight. Sex, age group (18–44 years vs 45 + years), education (high school graduate/equivalent vs less than high school), smoking cessation attempt in past year, and likelihood to quit in 6 months were not associated with weight control perceptions for either smoking or vaping. Uncertainty regarding EC effects on weight control was less common among EC ever users compared to never users (41% vs 53%, respectively; p = .04). Most people who did not believe or were uncertain that smoking controls weight also did not believe or were uncertain that vaping controls weight. However, only a minority (29%) of people who believed smoking controls weight also believed that vaping controls weight. Among adult AI who smoke, both smoking and vaping were infrequently perceived as helping to control weight, but such perceptions were reported more frequently among those who ever used ECs.
The Impact of Education-Occupation Mismatches on Wages in Mexico

Higher levels of educational have been shown to increases an individual’s earnings, but these impacts may be less apparent when an education-occupation match fails to occur. Previous studies show e...
The potential of using micro-sized crosslinked polymer gel to remediate water leakage in cement sheaths

Cementing is a major step in the construction and sealing of hydrocarbon wells. During the life cycle of the well, cement is prone to cracking due to a change in downhole conditions. This research investigates the use of micro-sized crosslinked polymer gel as a sealant material to mitigate cracked cement sheaths. Two experimental setups were designed to investigate water leakage through cement. The impact of polymer gel strength on the gel’s ability to seal cement cracks was investigated using four gel strengths, including 500 pa, 1200 pa, 1450 pa, and 2440 pa. The impact of the width of the cement crack was also investigated using 0.5, 2, 3.2, and 6.75 mm. Results showed that the polymer gel propagated across fractures like a piston with no gravity effect and with angle with gravity effect. Blocking efficiency to water flow is controllable, and it can be increased if a high strength polymer gel is selected. To the authors’ knowledge, very little experimental work has been conducted to investigate the use of crosslinked micro-gel in cement zonal isolation. This study can provide the oil and gas industry with a better understanding of the materials to use in improving cement zonal isolation and thus reduce the impact of cement failure.
Carboxyl intermediate formation via an in situ-generated metastable active site during water-gas shift catalysis

Definitive experimental proof for catalytic pathways and active sites during the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction remains elusive. Herein, we combine spectroscopic, kinetic and computational analyses to address the decades-long mechanistic controversy by studying the reverse water-gas shift over Pd/Al2O3. Isotopic transient kinetic analysis established the minor role of the formate intermediate, whereas hydrogen titration experiments confirmed the intermediacy of carboxyl. The ability to decouple the parallel formate and carboxyl pathways led to the identification of a distinct active site that exhibits regio- and chemoselective hydrogen addition to CO2 to yield the carboxyl intermediate. The metastable active site is formed in situ, resulting in hydroxylation of the metal–support interface and electronic restructuring. Atomistic simulations of the active site electronic structure and mechanistic landscape provided a framework that is consistent with experimental observations. Our study highlights the dynamic creation of a coordinatively unsaturated metal site caused by substrate adsorption on an adjacent support site. Due to its importance, the water-gas shift reaction has been the subject of numerous studies; however, a unifying mechanistic picture has not yet emerged. Now, a combination of spectroscopic, kinetic and computational methods reveal the crucial role of carboxyl intermediate for this centuries-old process.
Measurement of Compton scattering cross section at a few GeV electron energy

Electron Compton scattering is the best known fundamental QED process, however, a precision measurement of its cross section for a beam energy above 1 GeV has been lacking up to now. An updated high precision measurement of the neutral pion lifetime via the Primakoff effect (PrimEx-II) experiment was performed in Hall B of Jefferson Lab in 2010. The experiment used small angle coherent photoproduction of π 0’s in the Coulomb field of a nucleus, i:e: the Primakoff effect, to determine the lifetime with a precision of less than 1:5% . It therefore requires thorough understanding of the underlying systematic uncertainties. To facilitate that data for well known electromagnetic processes were taken concurrently with the photoproduction data. This analysis pertains to measuring the Compton scattering cross section, which occurs with similar kinematics to the primary process. The combination of the well established theory for this process with large collected statistics allowed to extract this cross section with high precision in an energy region of 4-5 GeV for 12C and 28Si targets. The results of this analysis will be presented.
The Human in Emotion Recognition on Social Media: Attitudes, Outcomes, Risks

Emotion recognition algorithms recognize, infer, and harvest emotions using data sources such as social media behavior, streaming service use, voice, facial expressions, and biometrics in ways often opaque to the people providing these data. People's attitudes towards emotion recognition and the harms and outcomes they associate with it are important yet unknown. Focusing on social media, we interviewed 13 adult U.S. social media users to fill this gap. We find that people view emotions as insights to behavior, prone to manipulation, intimate, vulnerable, and complex. Many find emotion recognition invasive and scary, associating it with autonomy and control loss. We identify two categories of emotion recognition's risks: individual and societal. We discuss findings' implications for algorithmic accountability and argue for considering emotion data as sensitive. Using a Science and Technology Studies lens, we advocate that technology users should be considered as a relevant social group in emotion recognition advancements.
Abstract TMP19: MRI Characteristics and Predictors of Diffusion Weighted Hyperintense Lesions After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Secondary Analysis of MISTIE-III

Introduction: Mechanisms of diffusion weighted hyperintense lesions (DWIHL) after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are controversial. We evaluated mechanism and outcome of DWIHL. Methods:...
Palliative Care in the Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipient

Palliative care as a routine part of care for solid organ transplant recipients has been recommended to support patients and their caregivers. Palliative care focuses on quality of life for patients with serious illness and their families. Solid organ transplant recipients can have significant morbidity and mortality. When they present to the outpatient clinic, it may be an opportunity for the primary care provider to incorporate primary palliative care interventions into their medical care. Palliative care interventions can be provided regardless of prognosis or types of treatments a patient is receiving and have been associated with improvements in patient quality of life, symptom burden, advance care planning, patient and caregiver satisfaction, and healthcare utilization. Advance care planning can help align patients’ medical care with their individual goals and values, which are important to both document and reassess with major changes in health, such as after solid organ transplantation. Patients may continue to experience symptoms after transplantation as a result of surgery, immunosuppressive medications, or continued organ dysfunction. Referral to a palliative care specialist may be needed in cases of refractory symptoms, worsening health status, cognitive decline, approaching end of life, or challenging decision-making when considering high-risk procedures.
Synthesis and assessment of the flat-headed peccary record in North America

Abstract Flat-headed peccary (Platygonus compressus) were a common member of late Pleistocene faunal communities in the eastern United States, particularly in areas characterized by dissected, rugged terrain with numerous caves, crevices, and fissures that afforded shelter from severe weather for farrowing and when sick, injured, or aged. The taxon was not common on the Great Plains and in the Far West. Using the Gaussian-resampled inverse-weighted McInerny method (GRIWM) to analyze the distribution of direct radiocarbon ages, we found that final extinction likely occurred during the Younger Dryas, between ∼12,500 cal B.P. and ∼12,000 cal B.P. Currently, evidence for actual contemporaneity of flat-headed peccary and human (Clovis) foragers does not exist. The late Pleistocene-Younger Dryas shift to a nutrient-decelerating mode of ecosystem fueling and its concomitant effect on forage quality may have arrested reproductivity. Simple simulations indicate that small increases in inter-birth interval and/or juvenile mortality could have resulted in rapid extinction of the animal.
Acute liver failure in Budd-Chiari syndrome and a model to predict mortality.

Acute liver failure (ALF) occurs in approximately 1–2% of patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS). The primary objective of our study was to study the outcome of patients with BCS-ALF using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database and develop a mortality prediction model. We identified all adult patients with BCS, with and without ALF, using ICD-9 or ICD-10. Using clinical variables, we identified risk factors for in-hospital mortality and developed a prediction model using logistic regression analysis. The model was built and validated in a training and validation datasets. Between 2008 and 2017, of the estimated total of 5,306 (weighted sample size 26,110) BCS discharges, 325 (6.1%) patients (weighted sample size 1,598) presented with ALF. Of 325 BCS-ALF patients, 114 (34.7%, weighted n = 554) died and in contrast only 267 of 4,981 (5%, weighted n = 1310) without ALF died during the hospitalization. The independent risk factors that predicted mortality were age 50 years or older, acute respiratory failure, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, sepsis and cancers. The prediction model that incorporated these risk factors had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.85 (95% CI 0.80–0.90) for training data and 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.89) for validation data. The predicted mortality risk with low (score < 6), intermediate (score 6–16), and high risk (score ≥ 17) scores were 8%, 37% and 71%, respectively. ALF due to BCS is associated with a very high in-hospital mortality that could be predicted with reasonable accuracy.
Perioperative Management of Cleft Lip Repair: A Meta-Analysis and Clinical Practice Guideline.

Objective:Few studies have focused on perioperative management of cleft lip repair. We sought to evaluate the available data on this topic to create evidence-based clinical guidelines.Design:System...
Pearls & Oy-sters: A 32-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Weakness and Paresthesias

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) may present acutely, mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).
Epidemiology of Brucellosis in California, 1993 - 2017: A Continuing Foodborne Disease Risk for Older Latinos.

Background Brucellosis is a severe, occupational or foodborne zoonosis throughout much of the world. Although eradicated from domestic cattle in the United States, brucellosis remains a disease risk to people through acquisition and consumption of animal products from endemic countries. Methods Cases of human brucellosis reported through the California public health disease surveillance network were reviewed for 1993 to 2017. Results From 1993 to 2017, 492 cases of brucellosis were reported in residents of California. Persons aged ≥65 years represented less than 20% of cases, but incidence in this age group (0.94 cases per 10 6 population per year) was more than twice the incidence in persons aged ≤19 years (0.44). Incidence was 10 to 20 times greater among Latinos compared to non-Latinos across all age groups and both sexes. Brucella melitensis was identified in 80% of patients for whom cultured Brucella were identified to species. Of 187 case-patients who reported consuming specifically unpasteurized dairy products, over 90% reported acquiring these products from outside the United States, most commonly from Mexico. In the latter half of the study period (2006-2017), 73% of Latino case-patients who reported consuming dairy products mentioned specifically consuming Mexican-style soft cheese ("queso fresco"). Conclusions This study underscores the continuing serious health threat of brucellosis for Latinos in California, particularly older men, and the need for targeted public health messaging on preventing the risk presented by importation and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from outside the United States, principally Mexico.
An Investigation of MR Imaging Scanner Noise and its Effect on Technologists.

PURPOSE To investigate the level of noise that magnetic resonance (MR) technologists are exposed to during daily tasks, and prevalence of hearing loss among MR technologists. METHODS Decibel levels at the scanner control panel were measured and recorded at clinical facilities. A survey was distributed to MR technologists, which included questions about demographics, workplace habits, and self-reported hearing loss. RESULTS Technologists are exposed to decibel levels higher than U.S. government recommended occupational limits; however, these are for very short periods, resulting in an average projected 8-hour noise dose of 1.68%. Statistical analysis of survey results showed no association between time spent working in an MR imaging department (P = .111); however, results did show an association between entering the scan room during image acquisition and hearing loss (P = .005). DISCUSSION At times, technologists are exposed to decibel levels exceeding the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended limits; however, the average findings indicate that there is a low risk of hearing damage from working at the control panel. Statistical analysis revealed an association between entering the scan room and hearing loss; therefore, individuals entering the scan room for any reason should be wearing hearing protection, even for short periods. CONCLUSION Risks of exposure to high occupational decibel levels should be monitored continually. This study provides a foundation for future research studies, such as longitudinal analysis of hearing loss in MR technologists.
Regional county-level housing inventory predictions and the effects on hurricane risk

Abstract. Regional hurricane risk is often assessed assuming a static housing inventory, yet a region’s housing inventory changes continually. Failing to include changes in the built environment in hurricane risk modeling can substantially underestimate expected losses. This study uses publicly available data and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model to forecast the annual number of housing units for each of 1,000 individual counties in the southeastern United States over the next 20 years. When evaluated using testing data, the estimated number of housing units was almost always (97.3 % of the time), no more than one percentage point different than the observed number, predictive errors that are acceptable for most practical purposes. Comparisons suggest the LSTM outperforms ARIMA and simpler linear trend models. The housing unit projections can help facilitate a quantification of changes in future expected losses and other impacts caused by hurricanes. For example, this study finds that if a hurricane with similar characteristics as Hurricane Harvey were to impact southeast Texas in 20 years, the residential property and flood losses would be nearly US$4 billion (38 %) greater due to the expected increase of 1.3 million new housing units (41 %) in the region.
d , α Reactions on C 12 , N 14 , and O 16 Induced by 24-MeV Deuterons

Alpha-particle energy spectra from $d,\ensuremath{\alpha}$ reactions on ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ have been obtained using 24-MeV deuterons. The development of a high-resolution semiconductor $\frac{\mathrm{EdE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ counter telescope made possible the observation of alpha-particle groups arising from the formation of final states of higher excitation than previously studied by these reactions. Angular distributions corresponding to resolvable final states are presented. Marked variation in the relative cross sections of final states was observed in the energy spectra. In an effort to explain the nature of this preferential population, these final states are correlated, where possible, with their expected configurations. A distorted-wave Born-approximation analysis was made for several of the transitions; the outstanding characteristic of this analysis was the strong preference for $L=2$ transitions over $L=0$ transitions.
“Stop Talking Like That”: A Toddler’s Construction of Identity at a Family Dinner

Parent-child discourse in family settings provides insights into children’s language socialization. In her seminal work on language socialization, Ochs (1993) argues that social identities are essentially constructed by verbal performance and the display of social acts and stances. This paper presents a single case analysis of a family dinner involving a three-and-a-half-year-old child, C, and her parents, M (mother) and F (father), interrogating how C asserts her identity, or resists those imposed on her, by “going categorical” (Stokoe, 2012) when counter-disciplining her parents. This analysis shows that when constructing her category membership, C appropriates her parents’ voices and proffers her incumbency in the ‘adult’ category.
La casa de esclavos modernos: Exposing the architecture of exploitation

F or California state employees concerned with agricultural production, the solution to one crisis at the outset of World War II meant having to confront another one.1 The first crisis was a fear, as the war heated up, of a serious labor shortage and thus a collapse of California’s highly intensive, specialized industrialized system of agriculture that many understood to be essential to the war effort.2 While there was ample evidence that such a labor shortage did not exist, there was no doubt that a certain hysteria did—a hysteria that California agriculturalists were determined to exploit as a means of gaining access to the large pool of labor that lived just across the border in Mexico.3 And they did. Fairly significant opposition to labor importation voiced in 1941 by members of the New Deal Farm Security Administration and the California State Division of Immigration and Housing, which was the primary state agency devoted to questions of agricultural labor, and which in Culbert Olson’s so-called Little New Deal government was headed by the redoubtable Carey McWilliams, quickly melted away after Pearl Harbor. By August 1942 an agreement had been signed with Mexico providing for the recruitment and importation of tens of thousands of men for temporary agricultural work in the United States (Figure 1).4 While workers were sent to the cotton fields of Texas and the south, the beet fields of Colorado and Nebraska, the mixed farms of the upper Midwest, and the orchards of the Pacific Northwest, California quickly became the largest importer of Mexican workers. First deployed to the beet fields of the Sacramento and Salinas Valleys in September 1942, imported workers— braceros , as they were called—soon came to dominate harvests up and down the state: from the early lettuce and carrot harvests …
Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva.

Abstract The authors present the third known case of an epithelioid sarcoma involving the vulva. This case illustrates the confusion that can occur in making a proper pathologic diagnosis. The histologic and electron microscopic characteristics of the tumor are presented. The natural history of the disease is discussed describing the propensity for local recurrence and the sites of metastases. Recommendations for management are discussed.
Ethics in Confucian and Christian management behavior: Taiwan and the United States contrasted

The ethical foundations for management behavior are examined for the people in Taiwan and from those within the United States. The influences for ethical actions can be traced to Confucian teachings and Christian doctrines. The authors present the philosophical differences between humanism for Chinese people and spiritualism for Christian people in the United States. Comparisons are made on how these principles affect the management behavior within organizations.
Enhancement of Resistance of Mice to Tuberculosis by Purified Components of Mycobacterial Lipid Fractions

Chemical heterogeneity and immunogenicity of lipid fractions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis were examined by centrifugal chromatography through microparticulate silica gel and by tests of protection in mice challenged by the airborne route with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Chromatography with solvents of low polarity revealed extreme heterogeneity of chloroform extracts, waxes B, C, and D, and cord factor prepared by standard procedures and of methanol and chloroform-methanol extracts. However, all preparations that had protective activity when combined with inactivated cell walls contained material that was immobile on the silica gel in weakly polar solvents. This immobile material yielded four purified components after preparative silica-gel chromatography in a solvent of higher polarity. Two of these components stimulated in mice a granulomatous response and high levels of resistance to airborne infection with tubercle bacilli. Results of previous experiments in this laboratory have shown that oil-treated cell walls of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG or Bovinus I, when injected iv, protected mice and monkeys against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv about as well as viable M. bovis
Illumination system design in a project-based course

This past spring a new for-credit course on illumination engineering was offered at the College of Optical Sciences at The University of Arizona. This course was project based such that the students could take a concept to conclusion. The main goal of the course was to learn how to use optical design and analysis software while applying principles of optics to the design of their optical systems. Projects included source modeling, displays, daylighting, light pollution, faceted reflectors, and stray light analysis. In conjunction with the course was a weekly lecture that provided information about various aspects of the field of illumination, including units, etendue, optimization, solid-state lighting, tolerancing, litappearance modeling, and fabrication of optics. These lectures harped on the important points of conservation of etendue, source modeling and tolerancing, and that no optic can be made perfectly. Based on student reviews, future versions of this course will include more hands-on demos of illumination components and assignments.
Chronic periadolescent alcohol consumption produces persistent cognitive deficits in rhesus macaques.

Abstract Although human alcoholics exhibit lasting cognitive deficits, it can be difficult to definitively rule out pre-alcohol performance differences. For example, individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at increased risk for alcoholism and are also behaviorally impaired. Animal models of controlled alcohol exposure permit balanced group assignment, thereby ruling out the effects of pre-existing differences. Periadolescent male rhesus macaques ( N = 5) consumed alcohol during 200 drinking sessions (M–F) across a 10-month period (mean daily alcohol consumption: 1.38 g/kg/day). A control group ( N = 5) consumed a fruit-flavored vehicle during the same period. Spatial working memory, visual discrimination learning and retention and response time behavioral domains were assessed with subtests of the Monkey CANTAB (CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). Spatial working memory performance was impaired in the alcohol group after 120 drinking sessions (6 mo) in a manner that depended on retention interval. The chronic alcohol animals were also impaired in retaining a visual discrimination over 24 hrs when assessed 6–8 weeks after cessation of alcohol drinking. Finally, the presentation of distractors in the response time task impaired the response time and accuracy of the chronic alcohol group more than controls after 6 months of alcohol cessation. Chronic alcohol consumption over as little as 6 months produces cognitive deficits, with some domains still affected after acute (6–8 wks) and lasting (6 mo) discontinuation from drinking. Animals were matched on alcohol preference and behavioral performance prior to exposure, thus providing strong evidence for the causal role of chronic alcohol in these deficits.
Disparities in risk of and survival from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background. Oropharyngeal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate in the United States, indicating that much remains to be learned about risk and survival factors. The purpose of this research was to identify factors that contribute to risk of and survival from this disease in a region associated with high tobacco use. Methods. A retrospective chart review of 221 subjects with diagnosis of head and neck cancer at a regional University Medical Center during a 10-year period (1986 to 1995) was performed to identify relationships between risk and survival factors of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Data from 92 records met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed with the χ 2 test of association, the Fisher exact test, and the log-rank test for comparison of survival distributions. The software used was SAS for Windows, release 8.2. Results. Most study subjects were white men between the ages of 50 and 75 years who chronically used tobacco and alcohol. The overall median survival period of the group was 18.1 months. The percentage of subjects surviving to 3 years was 35.6%. Disparities were identified in risk and survival by sex, race, age, dwelling, anatomic site, and exposure to carcinogenic substances. In particular, the disease more adversely affected minorities and those who chronically used tobacco or alcohol. Conclusion. Our results show that, in the examined regional population, a high prevalence of tobacco use correlated with alcohol use and a lower rate of survival from OSCC than the national rate. Also, risk of and survival from OSCC are affected by demographic, geographic, and behavioral factors. This information is useful for the design and implementation of more effective preventive and intervention strategies. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;95:570-5)
Burn-in stress induced BTI degradation and post-burn-in high temperature anneal (Bake) effects in advanced HKMG and oxynitride based CMOS ring oscillators

The impact of Bias Temperature Instability stress and poststress high temperature anneal (bake) effects on the performance of Ring Oscillator (RO) circuits is investigated for advanced node High-k Metal Gate (HKMG) and Oxynitride (SiON) based Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technologies. Examination of the circuit response (in terms of % frequency degradation) to a wide range of stress bias/temperature conditions reveals a distinct difference between the two technologies with respect to the voltage acceleration of frequency degradation. This difference is explained in view of the PBTI/NBTI voltage acceleration behaviour and indicates that PBTI dominates HKMG RO performance degradation. Post burn-in bake is found to be equally effective in recovering the burn-in induced frequency degradation in both HKMG and Oxynitride ROs. Finally, a simple model is proposed to predict net RO performance degradation from a combined burn-in/post-burn-in bake as a useful guideline for optimizing product burn-in testing.
Adipocytokines, insulin resistance, and coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective The prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the increased risk is associated with insulin resistance. Adipocytokines have been linked to obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and coronary heart disease in the general population. This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that adipocytokines affect insulin resistance and coronary atherosclerosis among patients with RA. Methods The coronary calcium score, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and serum adipocytokine (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) concentrations were determined in 169 patients with RA. The independent effect of each adipocytokine on insulin resistance according to the HOMA-IR index and on coronary artery calcification determined by electron beam computed tomography was assessed in models adjusted for age, race, sex, body mass index (BMI), traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation mediators. In addition, an interaction analysis was performed to evaluate whether the effect of the HOMA-IR index on the coronary calcium score is moderated by adipocytokines. Results Increased concentrations of leptin were associated with a higher HOMA-IR index, even after adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation mediators (P 0.05). Serum leptin concentrations showed a significant interaction with the HOMA-IR index (P for multivariate interaction = 0.02). Increasing leptin concentrations attenuated the increased risk of coronary calcification related to insulin resistance. Serum concentrations of the other adipocytokines showed no significant interactions with the HOMA-IR index (each P > 0.05). Conclusion Leptin is associated with insulin resistance in patients with RA but, paradoxically, attenuates the effects of insulin resistance on coronary calcification.
Is the bizarreness effect a special case of sentence reorganization

The effects on memory of two types of bizarre sentences (rarely occurring, or atypical, and never occurring, or illogical) were investigated in comparison with those of common sentences. In Experiment 1, the effects of these three types of sentences, which were presented for 7 sec, were measured in mixed-list conditions. Evidence for the bizarreness effect (advantageous memorial effects of bizarre sentences over common ones) was found only with atypical and common sentences. In Experiment 2, the stimulus presentation time was 35 sec; free-recall and sentence-access performance were superior for the illogical sentences as opposed to the common and the atypical sentences. A proposal based on the assumption that subjects tend to spontaneously modify sentence structure is suggested.
Facilitation and impairment of event memory produced by photograph review.

Selectively reviewing some items from a larger set of previously learned items increases memory for the items that are reviewed but may also be accompanied by a cost: Memory for thenonreviewed items may be impaired relative to cases where no review occurs at all. This cost to nonreviewed items has primarily been shown in contexts of verbal list learning and in situations where the reviewed and nonreviewed items are categorically or semantically related. Using a more naturalistic impetus to selective review—photographs relating to previously experienced events—we assessed whether the memory of older and younger adults for unrelated complex activities that they themselves had performed was also impaired due to nonreview. Both younger and older adults showed impaired memory for nonreviewed activities when tested with free recall (Experiment 1), but not when tested with recognition or cued recall (Experiment 2). If mitigating retrieval cues are unavailable, selective review may impair memory for nonreviewed everyday events.
Mathematical Modeling of Manufacturing Process Plan, Optimization Analysis with Stochastic and DSM Modeling Techniques

The first job of the manufacturing workforce as they get novel drawings is to carry out the process planning. This task, once finished, usually direct both the organization and manufacturing setups. Process planning in manufacturing setup offers a specific and clear chronological path regarding how the product should be running and fabricated in a manufacturing system. In highly developed manufacturing setups, this would persuade, how the setup will be planned and laid out in grounding for the novel product. In this research work, fundamental process plan is developed for a side plate manufacturing together with all design and user requirements. Mathematically modeling is done using progressive closed loop approach. Research then searches the capabilities of optimization techniques like DSM (dependency structure matrix) and a novel stochastic search to provide the best approximate process planning solution. Finally the global optimization is analysed in both the techniques and one technique reaches at optimum solution.
Parenting Practices and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: New Findings Suggest Partial Specificity of Effects

Abstract Objective Examine the relations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and symptom domains with parenting practices. Method One hundred eighty-one children (ages 6–12 years) were assessed for ADHD and non-ADHD status via parent semistructured clinical interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV) and parent and teacher standardized ratings. They included controls (n = 52), ADHD Inattentive type (n = 24), and ADHD Combined type (n = 71) as well as “not otherwise specified” cases (included in regressions only). Parents completed the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and a structured interview (the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-IV) about their own ADHD symptoms. Symptom counts were created for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), inattention, and hyperactivity–impulsivity to complement categorical analyses. Results In categorical analysis, maternal inconsistent discipline was associated with ADHD Combined type, even with child ODD and CD diagnosis and parent ADHD symptoms statistically controlled. Paternal low involvement was associated with ADHD regardless of subtype, even with ODD and CD covaried; however, the effect was marginal when paternal ADHD was covaried. In dimensional analysis of symptom counts, maternal inconsistent discipline was related to all behavior domains but none uniquely. Paternal low involvement and inconsistent discipline were related uniquely with child inattention and not other behavioral domains. Conclusions Specific aspects of parenting are related to ADHD apart from ODD or CD and are not fully attributable to parental ADHD.