cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competing narratives: tensions between diaspora tourism and the Atlantic past in the Gambia

The Gambia River was among the first regions of West Africa incorporated into the Atlantic slave trade. The local commercial centre that emerged by the eighteenth century included the village of Juffure. By the nineteenth century, the commercial centre entered a period of decline as Gambia became a formal British colony. Upon exiting the colonial realm of the British, the Gambia immediately entered the landscape of European tourism. Following the publication of Haley's novel, Roots, the Gambia and the residents of Juffure began to shape their identity around the Roots narrative and a tourist landscape was created to foster this narrative. The remnants of the former Atlantic trading centre surrounding Juffure and the designated UNESCO World Heritage Area in addition to the Roots landscape all incorporate similar historic and heritage built features. The three underlying narratives, however, actively contradict one another. Through an approach to history-making as a cultural process incorporating a guided, ...
Possibilities for the prevention of marital discord: A behavioral perspective

Abstract The rising incidence of divorce and marital distress has been the subject of national concern for many years. Efforts have been directed at ameliorating the impact of divorce and marital distress on couples and their families through programs such as divorce counseling and marital and family therapy. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the goals of understanding the development of marital distress and developing and evaluating prevention programs for premarital couples. A model of prevention research which stresses the importance of empirically derived interventions is developed and applied to the problem of preventing marital distress. The empirical evidence on the role of communication factors in the development of marital problems is reviewed. The research indicates that communication deficits are associated with the development and maintenance of marital distress. A behavioral premarital intervention program which is based on these findings and the techniques developed by be...
A Convenient Large Scale Synthesis of N, N'-Disuccinimidyl Carbonate

Abstract An improved method for the large scale preparation of N, N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate from triphosgene and N-hydroxy-succinimide has been developed.
Model for particle masses, flavor mixing, and CP violation, based on spontaneously broken discrete chiral symmetry as the origin of families

We construct extensions of the standard model based on the hypothesis that Higgs bosons also exhibit a family structure and that the flavor weak eigenstates in the three families are distinguished by a discrete Z{sub 6} chiral symmetry that is spontaneously broken by the Higgs sector. We study in detail at the tree level models with three Higgs doublets and with six Higgs doublets comprising two weakly coupled sets of three. In a leading approximation of S{sub 3} cyclic permutation symmetry the three-Higgs-doublet model gives a {open_quotes}democratic{close_quotes} mass matrix of rank 1, while the six-Higgs-doublet model gives either a rank-1 mass matrix or, in the case when it spontaneously violates {ital CP}, a rank-2 mass matrix corresponding to nonzero second family masses. In both models, the CKM matrix is exactly unity in the leading approximation. Allowing small explicit violations of cyclic permutation symmetry generates small first family masses in the six-Higgs-doublet model, and first and second family masses in the three-Higgs-doublet model, and gives a nontrivial CKM matrix in which the mixings of the first and second family quarks are naturally larger than mixings involving the third family. Complete numerical fits are given for both models, flavor-changing neutral current constraintsmore » are discussed in detail, and the issues of unification of couplings and neutrino masses are addressed. On a technical level, our analysis uses the theory of circulant and retrocirculant matrices, the relevant parts of which are reviewed. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Editorial: Can science explain the near-death experience?

Article discussing empirical questions about near-death experiences (NDEs) that can be explored by the scientific method. Scientific study poses risks both to NDErs and to our understanding of the NDE itself. However, because the NDE allows unique access to information about consciousness and death, those risks are outweighed by the benefits to NDErs and to humanity derived from a scientific description of NDErs.
When History Hurts

Book reviewed in this article: Amy J. Elias, Sublime Desire: History and Post-1960s Fiction
Halting Genocide: Rhetoric versus Reality

The chasm between normative development and international practice regarding humanitarian intervention is wide, as evidenced by the ongoing genocide in Darfur. Rarely are political reality and pious rhetoric in sync. Depicting the normative development on a graph would reflect a steady growth since the early 1990s, whereas the curve depicting the operational capacity and political will to engage in humanitarian intervention would resemble the path of a roller coaster. This article examines the trajectory of norm building about military intervention for human protection purposes, emphasizing the concept of the “responsibility to protect.” While considerable progress has been made toward resolving the fundamental tension between the principles of state sovereignty and human rights, the actual practice of military humanitarianism has reached a nadir at present. The article highlights five impediments to human protection in genocidal contexts: the resistance from the Non-Aligned Movement; the blowback from 9/...
Editorial Note on: Glucose tolerance and physical activity level in people with spinal cord injury

Editorial Note on: Glucose tolerance and physical activity level in people with spinal cord injury
Partitioning behavior of alkan-1-ols between milkfat and aqueous phases as influenced by temperature

Partitioning of volatile compounds between lipid and aqueous phases may influence flavor perception and availability to participate in flavor-generating reactions. The objective of this research was to characterize the partitioning of short-chain alkan-1-ols between milkfat and aqueous phases, as influenced by temperature, as compared to an octan-1-ol/water biphasic system (Log P). Temperature has a positive, but nonlinear, influence on Log P values for alkan-1-ols. There is an approximately 1 log decrease in Log P values of milkfat/water as compared to octan-1-ol/water systems; similar trends were observed across chain length. Temperature has a greater effect on alkan-1-ol partitioning in milkfat/water systems than octan-1-ol/water. The latter observation is primarily attributed to the solidification of milkfat at temperatures below 40 degrees C and the resulting reduction in liquid lipid solvent volume.
Cytochalasin D does not produce net depolymerization of actin filaments in HEp-2 cells

The altered morphology, disappearance or ‘disruption’ of actin filaments (microfilaments) in cells treated with cytochalasin1 has sometimes been attributed to depolymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) to its globular subunit (G-actin), but attempts to confirm that mechanism have been inconclusive. Treatment of purified actin filaments with cytochalasin B (CB) decreased their viscosity2,3, consistent with depolymerization, which was not, however, revealed by electron microscopy4, although the filaments appeared abnormal5. CB also increased the ATP-ase activity of F-actin, suggesting that it had been destabilized3, while actin filaments in the acrosomal process were not depolymerized6. CB or cytochalasin D (CD) can dissolve actin gels (reviewed in ref. 7, see also refs 8 and 9) without depolymerizing their filaments. The ‘disrupted’ actin structures in CD-treated cells bound heavy meromysin10, indicating that at least some of the cellular actin was filamentous. Using a rapid assay for G- and F-actin in cell extracts, based on the inhibition of DNase I11, we have found that neither short-nor long-term exposure of HEp-2 cells to CD produce net depolymerization of actin filaments.
Preliminary Development of a Multifunctional Hot Structure Heat Shield

Development of a Multifunctional Hot Structure Heat Shield concept has initiated with the goal to provide advanced technology with significant benefits compared to the current state of the art heat shield technology. The concept is unique in integrating the function of the thermal protection system with the primary load carrying structural component. An advanced carbon-carbon material system has been evaluated for the load carrying structure, which will be utilized on the outer surface of the heat shield, and thus will operate as a hot structure exposed to the severe aerodynamic heating associated with planetary entry. Flexible, highly efficient blanket insulation has been sized for use underneath the hot structure to maintain desired internal temperatures. The approach was to develop a preliminary design to demonstrate feasibility of the concept. The preliminary results indicate that the concept has the potential to save both mass and volume with significantly less recession compared to traditional heat shield designs, and thus provide potential to enable new planetary missions.
The transition region and corona associated with sunspots

It is noted that thus far no structure has been identified immediately above the chromosphere in sunspots that is invariably present and that thus might be called the transition region and corona over the spot. However, the magnetic flux tubes emerging from spots give rise to many of the plasma filled loops that characterize the active region corona. These emit strongly from ions typical of the transition region, or the corona, but seldom both simultaneously. An overview is given of the morphology, evolution, and theory of these structures.
Synchronization of a mode-locked Nd:YAG — Argon ion laser system

Abstract A Q-switched active-passive Nd : YAG laser and a c.w. argon ion laser were simultaneously mode-locked using a common R.F. oscillator. Jitter between the output pulses of the two lasers was measured at 18 ps (RMS) and was highly dependent on the modulation depth of the YAG mode-locker. Intensity fluctuations of the argon laser led to significant phase shift between the laser output pulses.
Job search and network composition: Implications of the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis.

Workers find jobs through personal contacts (weak and strong ties) and formal sources. Alternative formulations of the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis suggest (1) weak ties relay job offers more frequently than strong ties, or (2) weak-tie offers are drawn from a better distribution. A formal model shows that both formulations imply a correlation between network composition and a job seeker's minimum acceptable wage. However, the use of a weak tie is never associated with higher expected wages under the firstformulation, and is only sometimes associated with higher expected wages under the secondformulation. These results suggest that researchers shouldfocus on job seekers' network structures.
Introducing Preventive Psychiatry into a Community

Its planning stage completed, in October, 1948 a group for preventive psychiatry passed on to action and began to try to work in a community. In common with other groups—psychiatric, social work, government, race relations projects, and so on—we were "outsiders" moving in with the purpose of effecting some sort of change of behavior on the part of members of that community. As might be expected, a number of problems of relations with the community arose. Some of these problems, and their solutions, will be described in the following pages. While we were aided in our efforts by certain kinds of awareness, we were also handicapped by particular blind spots. Our experiences, therefore, are of concern to applied anthropologists, and it is hoped that this paper will serve to draw attention to this problem area as a promising one for research.
Informal Social Ties Among Urban Black Americans: Some New Data and a Review of the Problem

Reports over the last several years have been forming a profile of social organization among blacks in the United States that has balanced and corrected the overly emphasized and sometimes inaccurate view of the disorganized and pathological community life of urban blacks cited in often quoted works (for example, Myrdal, 1964; Clark, 1965; Moynihan, 1965). General studies of ethnic subcommunities by Whyte (1948), Gans (1962), Suttles (1968), Hannerz (1969), and Stack (1974) have demonstrated that ghettoes are often highly complex and organized, and bear little resemblance to the stereotype image of the disorganized neighborhood. The applicability of this generalization to the black low income ghetto has been a specific aim of the more recent studies. On another front, studies of formal participation among blacks and whites have shown that black participation is not necessarily lower as had been previously reported (Wright and Hyman, 1958), but may be associated with lower socioeconomic status (Orum, 1966) and, especially when controls are introduced, is generally much higher and extensive than often imagined (Babchuk and Thompson, 1962; Renzi, 1968; Olsen, 1970; Williams et al., 1973; Antunes and Gaitz, 1975). Evidence on black informal social participation, however, has been even less frequently reported. Yet, such informal participation has been identified as particularly critical for the basic fabric of community organization (Liebow, 1967;
Monitoring, diagnosis and control of industrial processes

We present a framework for monitoring, diagnosis, and control of industrial processes. This framework utilizes the multiresolution analysis capability of wavelet theory. Wavelet coefficient patterns at different scales, under a variety of process conditions, are noted to form process fingerprints, these fingerprints yield process fault diagnosis. This knowledge facilitates efficient control.
A computer program for estimating survival functions from the life table

Abstract This computer program provides a characterization of a set of survival time data in terms of three survival functions, each of which illustrates a different aspect of the data. These functions are: (1) the survivorship function, F ( t ), which is the probability that an individual survives longer than t ; (2) the hazard function, λ ( t ), which is the probability that an individual dies in a short interval of time ( Δt ), given survival to time t ; (3) the probability density function, f ( t ), which is the limit of the probability an individual dies in the short interval t to ( t + Δt ) per unit width ( Δt ). The standard errors of these functions are also given. These functions may be plotted as part of the program output at the option of the user. An estimate is also given of median remaining life time, which is especially useful in sets of data in which not all individuals have died by the end of the last interval. Data are entered in the form of a life table, and may include censored observations (i.e. individuals alive at the time of analysis or lost to follow-up). A complete discussion of the problem of estimating survival functions from the life table is given in Gehan [1], and the same methods of estimation are used in the program.
MEASUREMENT OF VOC EMISSIONS FROM PONDEROSA PINE LUMBER USING COMMERCIAL AND LABORATORY KILNS

The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act has increased the need to know what is emitted from dryers, but measuring emissions on a commercial scale is difficult and expensive. A laboratory method would allow closer control over the process and allow process variables to be studied with reduced variability and at a lower cost. In this research project, the total hydrocarbon emissions from a commercial lumber dry kiln are compared with those from a laboratory lumber dry kiln. The results showed that when the same drying schedules were used to dry matched charges of ponderosa pine lumber (2-inch nominal thickness by random width), the commercial kiln emitted an average of 2.21 g of hydrocarbon (reported as carbon) per kilogram of oven-dried wood (kgODwood), while the laboratory kiln averaged 1.49 g/kgODwood. The spectra of monoterpenes emitted from each dryer were similar. These results indicate that emissions measured in this laboratory kiln can be used to represent those from commercial-scale lumber dry kilns if an appr...
Mentoring in black and white: the intricacies of cross‐cultural mentoring

Cross‐cultural mentoring relationships can be sites of struggle around the issues of race, class and gender. In addition, the mentor/protege relationship offers micro‐cosmic insight into power relations within western society. The authors of this paper, a black woman associate professor and a white male professor, use the example of their mentoring relationship to illustrate six common issues facing academicians involved in these relationships: (1) trust between mentor and protege; (2) acknowledged and unacknowledged racism; (3) visibility and risks pertinent to minority faculty; (4) power and paternalism; (5) benefits to mentor and protege; and (6) the double‐edged sword of ‘otherness’ in the academy. Literature is used for review and critique of mentoring in the academy while offering personal examples to illustrate the complexity and success of a 13‐year mentoring relationship between a duo who began their association as teacher/student.
Unexpected regioselectivity in the addition of lithium diisopropylamide to (η4-1,3-butadiene)Co(CO)3BF4

Abstract The reaction of LiN[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 with (η 4 -1,3-butadiene)Co(CO) 3 BF 4 ( 1 ) produces a novel metallacyle H CCHCH(CH 3 )N[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 C o(CO) 3 ( 3 ) which apparently arises via initial addition of the nucleophile at C(2) of the coordinated diene.
Constraints into Preferences: Gender, Status, and Emerging Career Aspirations:

This study presents an experimental evaluation of a model that describes the constraining effect of cultural beliefs about gender on the emerging career-relevant aspirations of men and women. The m...
Anatomic-based three-dimensional planning precludes use of catheter-delivered contrast for treatment of prostate cancer.

Purpose Retrograde urethrography is a standard method to identify the prostatic apex during planning for prostate cancer radiotherapy. This is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. With modern three-dimensional computed tomography planning, we explored whether retrograde urethrography was still necessary to accurately identify the prostatic apex. Methods and Materials Fifteen patients underwent computed tomography simulation with and without bladder, urethral, and rectal contrast. The prostatic base and apex were identified on both scans, using contrast and anatomy, respectively. The anatomic location of the prostatic apex as defined by these methods was confirmed in another 57 patients with postbrachytherapy imaging. Results The prostatic base and apex were within a mean of 3.8 mm between the two scans. In every case, the beak of the retrograde urethrogram abutted the line drawn parallel to, and bisecting, the pubic bone on the lateral films. With these anatomic relationships defined, in the postbrachytherapy patients, the distance from the prostatic apex to the point at which the urethra traversed the pelvic floor was an average of 11.7 mm. On lateral films, we found that the urethra exited the pelvis an average of 16.6 mm below the posterior-most fusion of the pubic symphysis. On axial images, this occurred at a mean separation of the ischia of about 25 mm. Conclusion With a knowledge of the anatomic relationships and modern three-dimensional computed tomography planning equipment, the prostatic apex can be easily and consistently identified, obviating the need to subject patients to retrograde urethrography.
Evaluating wetlands in federal land exchanges

As a federal land management agency, the USDA’s Forest Service has an ongoing National Forest land exchange and acquisition program. In preparing for a $907,600 land exchange with a large industrial forestland owner, the author was requested to evaluate the wetland resource in accordance with Forest Service policy developed as a result of Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands. In a land exchange federal agencies are required under E.O. 11990 either to reference restricted uses under identified regulations in conveyance documents, to attach appropriate restrictions, or to retain wetlands in federal ownership. It has been determined that there is no net loss of wetlands if the value of wetlands traded is equalled or exceeded by those received. This “balancing test” is the basis for wetland evaluations in land exchangs. Most published evaluation methods were developed for regulatory purposes to assist in the review of applications to alter wetlands. The method used in the 1983 2,111 hectare exchange with Mead Corporation was a simplification of Reppert’sWetland Values, Concepts and Methods for Wetlands Evaluation. Numerical ratings were assigned to all wetlands through office and field evaluations to determine if an equitable trade-off of wetland values could be found. Concurrently there was an appraisal of land value to determine a balance of real estate value. A brief examination and comparison of the Federal Highway Administration March 1983 assessment method and the Ministry of Natural Resources of Ontario Province evaluation system with Reppert’s method is presented.
Toxalbumin exposures: 12 years' experience of U.S. poison centers.

Abstract Background Toxalbumins are natural plant toxins purported to be highly toxic. The purpose was to evaluate toxalbumin exposures reported to U.S. poison centers to determine plants involved and their toxicities. Methods A retrospective review of National Poison Data System data on acute toxalbumin exposures with known outcomes from 2000 through 2011 was performed. Results There were 1164 exposures. The majority involved one route (1135; 97.5%), mostly ingestions (904; 79.7%) or dermal (166; 14.3%). Most patients developed no effects (694; 59.6%) or minor effects (374; 32.1%). Moderate or major effects occurred in 8.3% with 66.6% ingestions and 23.9% dermal. There were no deaths. Exposures to the plants Ricinus communis and Robinia pseudoacacia were most common (33.8% and 32.9%, respectively), with gastrointestinal effects from R. communis (vomiting 19.6%, diarrhea 8.9%, nausea 7.9%) and dermal effects from R. pseudoacacia (puncture 28.7%, dermal irritation/pain 27.9%, and edema 13.3%). Conclusions While toxalbumin plant exposures were generally well-tolerated, continued evaluation of risk is warranted since plants were primarily identified by the public. Major effects occurred in under 1% of cases overall, and not at all following unintentional ingestions. These findings should help allay concerns that unintentional ingestions of toxalbumin plants by young children will cause serious toxicity and possibly death.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding canine type VII collagen non-collagenous (NC1) domain, the target antigen of autoimmune disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA)

Type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils, serves as tight adhesion of skin basement membrane zone (BMZ) through its amino-terminal non-collagenous (NC1) domain. The NC1 domain is targeted by autoantibodies of an acquired blistering skin disease termed epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) naturally occurring in humans and dogs. We cloned the full-length canine type VII collagen NC1 domain cDNA and delineated its molecular and immunological characteristics. The canine NC1 domain cDNA consists of 3759 nucleotides encoding for 1253 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approx. 134 kDa and a 17 amino acid signal peptide. The expression of canine type VII collagen was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by a rabbit antibody raised against a 17 amino acid peptide deduced from canine NC1 sequence. Comparison of canine NC1 with the corresponding human sequence indicated 86.7% and 87.6% identity at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels respectively. The protein homology reached greater than 95% within two immunodominant epitope areas. Furthermore, human EBA autoantibodies and a rabbit anti-human NC1 cross-reacted with canine skin BMZ and the newly synthesized canine type VII collagen. The molecular and immunological identities between human and canine NC1 domains suggest that NC1 may be critical for the EBA development.
Science and technology innovation

Abstract This paper describes two novel complementary approaches for systematically enhancing the process of innovation and discovery. One approach is workshop-based and the other approach is literature-based. Both approaches have the common feature of exploring knowledge from very disparate technical disciplines and technologies, and transferring insights and understanding from one or more disparate technical areas to another. It is highly recommended that the approaches be combined into a single process. The integrated approach has the potential to be a major breakthrough for the systematic promotion of innovation and discovery.
Spin-resolved iron surface density of states.

The spin polarization of photoemitted valence-band electrons from polycrystalline Fe films shows good qualitative agreement with the calculated spin-resolved density of states (SRDOS) of bcc Fe. The quantitative differences are accounted for by the surface contribution to the photoelectron intensity. Simple subtraction of calculated bulk Fe SRDOS from the photoemission spectra yield an experimental surface SRDOS that agrees well with the calculation for Fe(001) and Fe(110). The Fe surface spin polarization is enhanced by (12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% over the bulk, consistent with theoretical predictions.
Improved fingerprint identification with supervised filtering enhancement

An important step in the fingerprint identification system is the reliable extraction of distinct features from fingerprint images. Identification performance is directly related to the enhancement of fingerprint images during or after the enrollment phase. Among the various enhancement algorithms, artificial-intelligence-based feature-extraction techniques are attractive owing to their adaptive learning properties. We present a new supervised filtering technique that is based on a dynamic neural-network approach to develop a robust fingerprint enhancement algorithm. For pattern matching, a joint transform correlation (JTC) algorithm has been incorporated that offers high processing speed for real-time applications. Because the fringe-adjusted JTC algorithm has been found to yield a significantly better correlation output compared with alternate JTCs, we used this algorithm for the identification process. Test results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Inundation and precipitation effects on growth and flowering of the high marsh species Juncus gerardii

Abstract Accelerated sea level rise threatens coastal wetland plant communities where coastal development restricts transgression, and inundation increases and declining sediment supplies limit the capacity of coastal wetlands to build in elevation. Juncus gerardii Loisel., black needle rush, is a high latitude cosmopolitan plant species and, within salt marshes of the U.S. mid-Atlantic and New England coasts, it occupies a narrow belt along the marsh-upland border. Examination of historic aerial photography, vegetation resurveys, and peat composition analysis for U.S. Northeastern marshes have shown vegetation change patterns indicative of increased inundation, including decline of J. gerardii. To interpret loss patterns for J. gerardii in southern New England, we conducted a factorial experiment to establish its sensitivity to inundation and drought. A strong relationship was found between inundation and growth for J. gerardii, which together with marsh elevation and water level data, suggests that growth is reduced by current flooding patterns. Examination of J. gerardii flowering also indicates that floret and inflorescence density vary with inundation, suggesting that negative impacts of sea level rise on Juncus may extend to seed production. Late spring and summer drought impacted neither J. gerardii growth nor its flowering, implying that J. gerardii is insensitive to below-average precipitation or drought during this time of year. We conclude that current inundation patterns are incompatible with robust growth for J. gerardii, and recommend conservation actions be focused on the marsh-upland border to facilitate the upslope migration of J. gerardii and other transitional high marsh plant species.
Extending the Conversational Argument Coding Scheme in Studies of Argument Quality in Group Deliberations

The Conversational Argument Coding Scheme (CACS) has not only enabled a considerable amount of research involving interpersonal and group argument, but it also has been modified and extended as an outgrowth of researchers' use of the coding scheme. That relationship also has been true in group argument research conducted by Structuration Argument Theory investigators, especially in their line of work on the quality of arguments in group deliberations. We review the links between SAT and the CACS, focusing specifically on two CACS-based indices of argument quality: the Argument Quality Development Index (consistent with SAT) and the Argument Quality Strength/Force Index (representative of more traditional approaches to argument). After reviewing three recent SAT studies of argument quality in groups, we address potential contributions and directions for future research.
Mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in a sandstone–shale system

Abstract A conceptual model of CO2 injection in bedded sandstone–shale sequences has been developed using hydrogeologic properties and mineral compositions commonly encountered in Gulf Coast sediments. Numerical simulations were performed with the reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport code TOUGHREACT to analyze mass transfer between sandstone and shale layers and CO2 immobilization through carbonate precipitation. Results indicate that most CO2 sequestration occurs in the sandstone. The major CO2 trapping minerals are dawsonite and ankerite. The CO2 mineral-trapping capacity after 100,000 years reaches about 90 kg/m3 of the medium. The CO2 trapping capacity depends on primary mineral composition. Precipitation of siderite and ankerite requires Fe+2 supplied mainly by chlorite and some by hematite dissolution and reduction. Precipitation of dawsonite requires Na+ provided by oligoclase dissolution. The initial abundance of chlorite and oligoclase therefore affects the CO2 mineral-trapping capacity. The sequestration time required depends on the kinetic rate of mineral dissolution and precipitation. Dawsonite reaction kinetics is not well understood, and sensitivity regarding the precipitation rate was examined. The addition of CO2 as secondary carbonates results in decreased porosity. The leaching of chemical constituents from the interior of the shale causes slightly increased porosity. The limited information currently available for the mineralogy of natural high-pressure CO2 gas reservoirs is also generally consistent with our simulation. The “numerical experiments” give a detailed understanding of the dynamic evolution of a sandstone–shale geochemical system.
Seed Maturation in Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) is Independent of Seed Mass and of the Parent Plant, Yet is Necessary for Production of Viable Seeds

Freshly harvested seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) or seeds shelled, then dried, were non-viable. Seeds dried in intact pods, even when only 17% of normal size, matured into viable seeds and produced healthy plants. These seeds maintained activity of various enzymes but gained little soluble protein while air-drying in intact pods. There was a qualitative change in seed proteins associated with maturation. Seeds matured in intact pods have a greater proportion of protein as slow-moving bands and have completely lost one fast-moving band compared with seeds shelled before drying. Seed maturation is a distinct phase of seed production, is independent of the parent plant, and can be imposed on the seed at many stages of development.
Behavioral response profiles following drug challenge with dopamine receptor subtype agonists and antagonists in developing rat.

Abstract As part of an investigation into the effects of gestational ethanol (ETOH) exposure on the developing dopamine (DA) system, pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to one of three conditions: ETOH, pair-fed (PF) to the ETOH group, or ad libitum lab chow controls (LC). In this paper we report behavioral drug challenge effects for offspring of the two control groups (PF and LC). Male and female pups between postnatal days (PNDs) 21 and 23 in age were exposed to one of three intraperitoneal/subcutaneous doses of one of eight drugs chosen to assess the functional status of the DA D1, D2, and D3 receptor subtype, or a saline control. Agonists were SKF 38393, apomorphine (APO), quinpirole (QUIN), and 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-amino-tetralin [7-OH-DPAT (DPAT)]; antagonists were spiperone (SPIP), SCH 23390, and two recently developed D3 antagonists nafadotride (NAF) and PD 152255. Immediately following drug injection, pups were placed in observation cages, where eight behaviors (square entries, grooming, circling, rearing, sniffing, head and oral movements, and yawning) were scored at 3-min intervals for 30 min. Classic behavioral profiles were generally obtained for the high-dose mixed agonists APO, DPAT, and QUIN, which potently increased square entries, rearing, and sniffing, while reducing grooming and head movements. However, low-dose APO had no effect on behavior. The D1 agonist, SKF 38393, had a strikingly different behavioral profile; it had no effect on square entries at any dose, while increasing grooming and sniffing at the medium dose. The D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, profoundly decreased all behaviors except oral and head movements, especially at high doses. In contrast, the effects of the D2 antagonist, SPIP, were limited to increasing sniffing at the medium dose. The two putative D3 antagonists, NAF and PD 152255, presented strikingly different profiles. NAF induced a pattern of behavioral suppression that resembled the profile of high-dose SCH, while high-dose PD 152255 stimulated behavior. The failure of low-dose APO to have any effect on behavior suggests that the D2 autoreceptor is not functional in preweanling rats. This hypothesis is further supported by the lack of behavioral suppression seen with low-dose QUIN and DPAT. Failure of NAF to produce behavioral activation at low doses and the stimulatory effects seen with PD 152255 suggests that either the D3 autoreceptor, the postsynaptic D3 receptor, or both are not fully functional at this age as well.
Being secure means being willing to say you´re sorry: Attachment style and the communication of relational dissatisfaction and disengagement.

The present study examines the influence of attachment style on the communication choices people make in response to relational dissatisfaction and disengagement. A path analysis models these choices, showing that a secure attachment style predicts the use of voice and de-escalation. A preoccupied style predicts neglect, loyalty, and de-escalation. A dismissing-avoidant style also leads to neglect and loyalty, but predicts behavioural de-escalation. Finally, a fearful-avoidant style indicates more limited communication choices and relational exit. The model shows the possibility of strategically made communication choices changing the results of these attachment style outcomes. Pathways through the model show that active communication choices lead to more positive long-term relational outcomes and passive choices predict relational challenges.
Black children's perceptions of black english.

In studying the perception of differences between Black English and Standard English by 48 first-grade, urban, Black children, BE and SE were partitioned into content, i.e., syntax and lexicon, and style, i.e., suprasegmentals or prosodic features of phonology. A discrimination task was designed to test whether the subjects could perceive differences in terms of style or content or both. Accurate discriminations were related to language variety preference and school and home-street register maintenance. The results indicated BE style to be as significantly related to BE preference and register maintenance as BE content when the two were separated.
Tritium permeability of nickel plated stainless steel 21-6-9 and of gold plated aluminum

Tritium permeabilities of alloy 21-6-9 and of aluminum have been determined over the 200 to 750 °C and 300 to 460 °C ranges, respectively. Permeation behavior through cold worked alloy 21-6-9 was similar to that for other austenitic alloys, but behavior of annealed alloy 21-6-9 was markedly different and suggested a structural transition near 560 °C. Permeabilities determined for nonoxidized aluminum were different from those given in earlier publications, but are believed to represent better hydrogen permeation through aluminum.
Analysis of the human type I insulin-like growth factor receptor promoter region

Abstract We isolated genomic fragments containing the 5′ region of the human type I insulin-like growth factor receptor gene. A unique transcription start site was identified, defining a 1038 bp 5′-untranslated region. No TATA or CCAAT elements were identified in the proximal 480 nucleotides of 5′-flanking region. The region surrounding the transcription start site was similar to a recently described “initiator” sequence. The 5′-flanking and 5′-untranslated regions were highly GC-rich, with numerous potential Sp1 binding sites. A potential AP-2 binding site was identified in the 5′-flanking region and a potential thyroid response element was identified in the 5′-untranslated region. The 5′ region of the human gene was very similar to that of the rat gene, with conservation of many of the potential regulatory elements.
3D web environment for knowledge management

Abstract Our module for establishing the shared-state of 3D objects, which supports the LivingWorlds specification, is integrated with a VRML browser plugged into a web browser and a web server, as a 3D web environment system for knowledge management in an industrial manufacturing process. Users will be able to record the minutes of their online meetings using 3D models, which may include annotations or object behaviors, and will be able to store them in a database with related documents in preparation for another meeting. In this report, we discuss the direction of our work and the concept underlying the 3D web environment system design.
MYOINOSITOL SUPPLEMENTATION IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (RDS)

Myoinositol (INO) may potentiate hormone-induced lung maturation & increase surfactant in lung damage (Ped Res 17, 378A,-83; Life Sci 31, 175,-82). Serum INO is high in RDS at birth. INO decreases after birth, in part because the diet may contain only little INO. In the present randomized double-blind trial involving 22 RDS cases (BW <2000g), we studied the effect of INO on serum INO and on lung phospholipids. Either INO or glucose (GLU) (dose: 1 ml isotonic sugar/kg q 6 h) was given orally for 7 days, beginning day two. The amount of INO was similar to INO present in 200 ml/kg of preterm breast milk. There was no differences in BW (1273±57g), GA (29.3±0.4 wks), or severity of RDS during the first 48 h, as compared between the INO and the GLU groups. Serum INO (μM) increased in INO group, and was different from GLU group:
Charles L. Drake (1924”1997)

Charles Lum (Chuck) Drake, professor emeritus at Dartmouth College, president of AGU from 1984 to 1986, and surely one of the best known and most influential leaders of modern Earth science, passed away at his home in Norwich, Vermont, on July 8, 1997, a sudden victim of heart failure while working in his barn. “His overall contribution to Earth science was greater than that of anyone,” said one prominent scientist, aptly and succinctly describing Chuck's career as many of his colleagues might have done. Chuck was blessed with, and characterized by, a diversity of talents. He used those talents to contribute to almost every aspect of science and to life in general. In an era of narrow specialization in science, Chuck brought breadth and depth and understanding and wisdom, as well as the skills of a specialist, to the subject heloved—the study of Earth.
Human Paleodiet at Grand Bay, Carriacou, Lesser Antilles

ABSTRACT The island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, Lesser Antilles, has been the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological research since 2003, focused on ceramic-associated assemblages dating between c. AD 400 and 1300. Amerindians here exploited marine foods, but patterned subsistence has not been inferred directly from recovered human remains. Here, we present the first stable isotope data from bone collagen and bone apatite of individuals (n = 14) from the Grand Bay site that date to post–AD 1000. Average δ13Cco (−12.8‰), δ15N (11.1‰), δ13Cap (−8.6‰), and Δ13Cap-co (4.1‰) values substantiate a marine-based diet. No significant differences are observed between males and females; however, one subadult is an isotopic outlier based on its δ13Cco and Δ13Cap-co values. Bone collagen values suggest high marine protein at Carriacou, different from data reported for contemporaneous groups in the Greater Antilles, broadly similar to the northern Lesser Antilles, and most similar to the Bahamas, where ...
The association between psoriasis and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

The association between psoriasis and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
REDOX SENSITIVITY AND LIGHT MODULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE RHODOPHYTES GRACILARIA TIKVAHIAE AND CHONDRUS CRISPUS1

One of the cysteine residues believed to be necessary for reductive light activation is lacking in the only red algal NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenases for which sequences are available, namely Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss and Chondrus crispus Stackhouse. Consistent with the mechanism of light modulation proposed for this enzyme, which involves reduction of domain movement-restricting disulfide bonds, it is not reductively activated in Chondrus crispus extracts, and it is not light-activated in whole cells or dithiothreitol (DTT) activated in extracts of the North American species Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan. Fructosebisphosphatase and glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, two enzymes for which sequence information from these algae is not yet available, are both activated in crude extracts by DTT treatment, but only fructosebisphosphatase is light-activated in intact Gracilaria.
Optical Computing And Nonlinear Optics

William T. Rhodes and John A. BuckSchool of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332Nonlinear optical interactions combined with the use of ultra-short optical pulses has certain attractive features for ultra-highspeed optical computing. However, at present, a serious price must be paid in terms of interaction time or energy or both.
Distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils: A model

A model that describes the distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils as a function of dust flux, time, climate, and other soil-forming factors shows which factors most strongly influence the accumulation of carbonate and can be used to evaluate carbonate-based soil age estimates or paleoclimatic reconstructions. Models for late Holocene soils have produced carbonate distributions that are very similar to those of well-dated soils in New Mexico and southern California. These results suggest that (1) present climate is a fair representation of late Holocene climate, (2) carbonate dust flux can be approximated by its Holocene rate, and (3) changes in climate and/or dust flux at the end of the Pleistocene effected profound and complex changes in soil carbonate distributions. Both higher carbonate dust flux and greater effective precipitation are required during the latest Pleistocene-early Holocene to explain carbonate distributions in latest Pleistocene soils. 21 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
CONNEXIN EXPRESSION IN EPIDERMAL CELL LINES FROM SENCAR MOUSE SKIN TUMORS

Alteration of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has long been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis. Previously, we reported that the level of gap junctional intercellular communication in mouse skin carcinoma cell lines is significantly lower than in papilloma cell lines and normal mouse keratinocytes Klann et al., Cancer Res 49:699-705, 1989). Here, we present data on expression of the gap-junctional protein connexins (Cx) 26, Cx31.1, and Cx43 in a comprehensive panel of keratinocyte cell lines representing different stages of mouse skin carcinogenesis and the effect of different conditions of propagation on Cx phenotype. Northern and western blot analyses and immunostaining showed that all cell lines studied in vitro expressed Cx43 but most did not express Cx31.1 or Cx26. The abundance of Cx43 expression on plasma membranes correlated well with the level of GJIC. In vivo expression of Cx43 and Cx26 was strongly increased. Whereas none of tumorigenic cell lines expressed Cx26 gap junctions in culture, those growing as tumors in nude mice began to express Cx26 protein. The comparison of Cx expression on the keratinocyte membranes in three different groups of tumors (papillomas and squamous cell and spindle cell carcinomas) clearly revealed that the abundance of Cx43 and Cx26 expression directly correlated with the level of tumor differentiation. All studied tumors were Cx31.1 negative. These results suggest that both Cx expression and gap-junction permeability are gradually reduced during the tumor progression stage of mouse skin carcinogenesis.
A violência contra a mulher na perspectiva de policiais militares: espaço para a promoção da saúde

This qualitative research was developed at Concordia, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, with 10 police officers. It aimed to analyze the conception of violence against women from their perspective. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed with the Collective Subject Speech technique – DSC. The speeches expressed the reasons of violence, the participants’ conception of it and why women do not denounce the aggressor. The alcohol, the male chauvinist culture and the non-execution of female obligations were pointed out as reasons to violence. Data analysis revealed that women do not denounce mainly because of financial dependence, fear of suffering more violence, for being ashamed and for hope in the partners’ change of attitude. Family and violence still remain considered as private issues.
Thermoplasma acidophilum: intracellular pH and potassium concentration

Thermoplasma acidophilum is a free-living thermophilic mycoplasma. Although the organism lacks a cell wall, it can grow in medium as dilute as 66 mosM. The intracellular K+ concentration can be as low as 17 mM, but varies according to the osmolality of the culture medium. The internal pH can be measured by taking advantage of the fact that T. acidophilum undergoes lysis when the pH is adjusted to neutrality. Thus, by appropriate analysis of titration curves, it is possible to conclude that the internal pH is near 5.5. This result was confirmed by a second type of experiment in which the internal pH was analyzed by rupturing the cells in a French Pressure Cell.