cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for interpreting electron spin resonance spectra of paramagnetic species adsorbed on surfaces

Abstract Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of paramagnetic solids and surfaces is discussed from the standpoint of the various kinds of information which ESR can provide, and how molecular structure theory is used in extracting this information from the observed spectra. The following topics are discussed: (1) Determination of magnetic constants, such as the electronic g-factors and nuclear hyperfine structure (hfs) constants, from the complex ESR lines of magnetically anisotropic molecules which are randomly oriented in polycrystalline or amorphous samples. (2) Qualitative and semiempirical theories of the electronic g-factors and hfs constants, which relate these quantities to the electronic structure of the paramagnetic species, its interaction with the surrounding solid or surface, and its ability to rotate or reorient about various molecular axes. (3) Spin-lattice relaxation with emphasis on its role in determining ESR line widths and the observability of ESR in a given system.
Dimeric TRIP8b Binds to the Cyclic Nucleotide Binding Domain of HCN Channels

The accessory protein TRIP8b has been shown to modulate expression level, cellular localization, and cyclic nucleotide-dependent regulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. The mechanism through which TRIP8b exerts these effects is poorly understood. Work from this lab, as well as others, has shown that TRIP8b and HCN2 interact in two places. The first site is between the terminal three residues of HCN and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains of TRIP8b. We previously solved the X-ray crystal structure of this binding site bound to a peptide of the terminal 7 amino acids of HCN2. The second interaction involves the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) of HCN and a highly conserved region of TRIP8b N-terminal to the TPR domains. This binding site is sufficient to impact the cyclic nucleotide dependence of HCN channels. Here we use biochemical and biophysical techniques on isolated domains of each protein to begin to understand the second interaction site between the CNBD and the TRIP8b conserved domain. Light-scattering size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that TRIP8b and HCN2 form a 2:1 complex when co-expressed and that TRIP8b, when expressed alone, forms both dimer and monomer. Surprisingly the CNBD of HCN2 interacts preferentially with the dimeric form of TRIP8b. In contrast, using a fluorescently labeled peptide of the terminal 7 amino acids of HCN2, we demonstrate that the carboxy terminal tripeptide of HCN2 is able to bind both the dimeric and monomeric forms of TRIP8b. The ability of the CNBD to discriminate between monomeric and dimeric TRIP8b suggests an interesting potential mechanism through which the impact of binding on the cyclic nucleotide-dependent regulation of HCN channels can be tuned by controlling the oligomeric state of TRIP8b.
Preference for warned shock: information and/or preparation.

Human Ss preferred warned shock to unwarned shock when the warning signal contained 2 bits of information (25% shock) but not when it was redundant, i.e., 0 bits (100% shock). Rated strength of preference was also related to the information contained in the warning.
Antioxidants and cognitive training interact to affect oxidative stress and memory in APP/PSEN1 mice

The present study investigated the relationships among oxidative stress, beta-amyloid and cognitive abilities in the APP/PSEN1 double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In two experiments, long-term dietary supplements were given to aged APP/PSEN1 mice containing vitamin C alone (1 g/kg diet; Experiment 1) or in combination with a high (750 IU/kg diet, Experiments 1 and 2) or lower (400 IU/kg diet, Experiment 2) dose of vitamin E. Oxidative stress, measured by F(4)-neuroprostanes or malondialdehyde, was elevated in cortex of control-fed APP/PSEN1 mice and reduced to wild-type levels by vitamin supplementation. High-dose vitamin E with C was less effective at reducing oxidative stress than vitamin C alone or the low vitamin E+C diet combination. The high-dose combination also impaired water maze performance in mice of both genotypes. In Experiment 2, the lower vitamin E+C treatment attenuated spatial memory deficits in APP/PSEN1 mice and improved performance in wild-type mice in the water maze. Amyloid deposition was not reduced by antioxidant supplementation in either experiment.
Barriers to exotic animal medicine.

Exotic animal medicine is one of the fastest growing disciplines in veterinary medicine. This fact was reflected in a 1998 survey conducted by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) on the perceptions of clinical veterinarians regarding the potential for integrating exotic animal medicine into their practice [1]. Although the perceptions of the veterinarians polled reflected the reality of an increase in exotic animals as pets, the standard of medicine practiced on exotic animals has not attained the level of traditional pet animal practice. Part of this problem may lie in the existence of some barriers perceived to impede the improvement of the standard of medicine seen in exotic animal practice. The subject of exotic animal medicine continues to evolve, and no guidelines or recommendations from an official veterinary body about the scope of exotic animal medicine exist. The need to have a clear definition of what defines exotic animal medicine was demonstrated in the outbreak of monkeypox in the United States in 2003. The disease was presumably introduced into the United States with the importation of Gambian giant rats, which were housed in pet distributors in proximity to prairie dogs. Humans were infected with monkeypox while handling infected prairie dogs. This unexpected situation involving the inadvertent importation and spread of a zoonotic disease placed the exotic pet market in the spotlight and highlighted the lack of regulation with regard to the importation and acquisition of exotic animals in the pet trade. Often this type of publicity leads to poorly informed and misguided calls to ban exotic pets, usually on the basis of misconceptions or inaccurate information. This situation creates a barrier to the appropriate practice of exotic animal medicine; however, with appropriate and accurate information, it is possible to demystify certain misconceptions and to clarify
MDMA induced dopamine release in vivo: role of endogenous serotonin

Acting as a substrate at the serotonin (5-HT) transporter, (+)-MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), is a potent releaser of 5-HT and causes toxicity to 5-HT neurons after repeated exposure. (+)-MDMA also releases dopamine (DA), although with less potency. Since we have shown previously that the intrastriatal application of 5-HT facilitates DA release, it was hypothesized that increased release of striatal 5-HT after MDMA may influence extracellular levels of DA. Using microdiaiysis in vivo, we found that (+)-MDMA (4.7 μmol/kg, i.v.) administration increased extracellular striatal DA levels to 501% of control (p < 0.01, n=12). However, in the presence of fluoxetine (14.4 μmol/kg, s.c.), which prevents (+)-MDMA effects on 5-HT release, the (+)-MDMA-induced increase in DA was significantly less (to 375% of control, p < 0.05, vs. no fluoxetine, n=8). In vitro studies with striatal slices, to test drug selectivity, showed that (+)-MDMA (0.3-3 μM) increased extracellular levels of both DA and 5-HT in a dose-dependent manner. Fluoxetine (3 μM) completely blocked the effects of (+)-MDMA on 5-HT release, but did not alter (+)-MDMA-induced DA release in vitro. The selective DA transport inhibitor GBR-12909 (1 μM), blocked (+)-MDMA's effect on DA release. It is concluded that 5-HT release after (+)-MDMA treatment partially contributes to (+)-MDMA's effect on DA release in vivo.
Fixed point theorems for multi-valued mappings obtained by altering distances

Abstract Recently T. Suzuki showed that the Mizoguchi–Takahashi fixed point theorem is a real generalization of Nadler’s fixed point theorem. Taking inspiration from the result of Mizoguchi and Takahashi and using the ideas of Feng and Liu, Klim and Wardowski obtained some fixed point theorems and showed that their results are different from the Reich point theorem and the Mizoguchi–Takahashi fixed point theorem. Very recently, Pathak and Shahzad introduced a class of functions and generalized some fixed point theorems of Klim and Wardowski by altering distances, i.e., via the mapping T (from a complete metric space ( X , d ) to the class of nonempty closed subsets of X ). In this paper we introduce a new class of functions which is a subclass of the class introduced by Pathak and Shahzad and improve some results of Pathak and Shahzad by allowing T to have values in closed subsets of X .
Seismic Hazard Maps for Haiti

We have produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Haiti for peak ground acceleration and response spectral accelerations that include the hazard from the major crustal faults, subduction zones,...
Treatment Options for Hairy Cell Leukemia

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, first described as a separate entity in 1958 and named in 1966 for the characteristic leukemic cell cytoplasmic protrusions seen on light microscopy of peripheral blood and bone marrow smears [1]. Despite its rarity, HCL has been of great interest to hematologists because of the evolution of successful management which has increased survival time from a median of 53 months without treatment [2] to approximate that of an age-matched cohort.
Long Path Length Samples in Thermal Lens Calorimetry

Laser-induced thermal lens calorimetry as applied to small absorbance determinations has traditionally relied upon the approximation that the sample behaves optically as a thin lens. The choice of a cell length which is not ideal for theory may be necessary for increased sensitivity. Two models for treating long samples of variable absorbance and enhancement are presented. The simpler of these is based on an approximation that such samples will behave according to the integrated position dependence of a thin lens. A more complex model, requiring numerical evaluation, includes the effects of sample refractive index and lens element coupling. The numerical model is verified experimentally and used to establish the limits of accuracy of the thin lens and integrated position dependence models. The consequences of using long path length samples in analytical thermal lens measurements are discussed in light of the numerical model results.
PAIRED-PULSE MODULATION OF FAST EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC CURRENTS IN MICROCULTURES OF RAT HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS

1. Paired-pulse modulation of excitatory non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor-mediated autaptic currents and conventional monosynaptic (interneuronal) excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) was investigated in microcultures of rat hippocampal neurons, where polysynaptic influences are eliminated. 2. Most autaptic currents and EPSCs exhibited paired-pulse depression in response to paired stimuli. Depression was sensitive to the level of transmitter release, which was varied by manipulating extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. Paired-pulse facilitation emerged in many cells at low levels of transmitter release. 3. Paired-pulse depression and facilitation could be differentially expressed at two distinct postsynaptic targets of a single presynaptic cell, and the form of modulation was not dependent upon the transmitter phenotype of the postsynaptic cell. 4. Paired-pulse depression recovered exponentially with a time constant of approximately 5 s, although in most neurons a much faster component of recovery was detected. Recovery from paired-pulse facilitation was well described by a single exponential of 380 +/- 57 ms. 5. Under conditions of robust paired-pulse depression of evoked responses, spontaneous autaptic and postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs, presumed miniature EPSCs) occurred at an enhanced frequency immediately following evoked responses. The decay of the frequency increase mirrored the time course of recovery from paired-pulse facilitation of evoked responses examined under conditions of reduced transmitter release. 6. Several lines of evidence suggested a large presynaptic component to paired-pulse depression. In eight out of nine cells no depression in sEPSC amplitudes was detected following conditioning stimulation. Simultaneously recorded glial glutamate uptake currents showed depression similar to neuronal evoked EPSCs. Finally, NMDA receptor-mediated EPSC paired-pulse depression at positive potentials was similar to non-NMDA EPSC depression. 7. Neither adenosine nor glutamate feedback onto presynaptic receptors is likely to mediate paired-pulse depression, because neither competitive nor non-competitive inhibitors of the actions of these agents diminished paired-pulse depression.
A novel functional regression based estimation and control algorithm

In this paper, a o¨ novel strategy for a class of system identification problems is proposed. Similar to adaptive learning methods, the new algorithm is also built on a linearly parameterized model where system output is expressed as a linear combination of signals generated from measurements and system inputs. In contrast to existing methodology, the new method employs a set of functionals of the regressors instead of the regressors themselves to estimate the unknown parameters. The new adaptive learning algorithm is also applied to the state feedback and the output feedback of a standard Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) structure. Stability and convergence properties of the new algorithm are studied in the this paper. Simulation results show that the new method exhibits a fast rate of convergence and the ability to converge even when the systems are not persistently excited. In addition, it is observed qualitatively in the simulations that the chattering effect in the system response and the control signal are suppressed in comparison to simulations using other conventional adaptive methods.
Locally Contractive Dynamics in Generalized Integrate-and-Fire Neurons

Integrate-and-fire models of biological neurons combine differential equations with discrete spike events. In the simplest case, the reset of the neuronal voltage to its resting value is the only spike event. The response of such a model to constant input injection is limited to tonic spiking. We here study a generalized model in which two simple spike-induced currents are added. We show that this neuron exhibits not only tonic spiking at various frequencies but also the commonly observed neuronal bursting. Using analytical and numerical approaches, we show that this model can be reduced to a one-dimensional map of the adaptation variable and that this map is locally contractive over a broad set of parameter values. We derive a sufficient analytical condition on the parameters for the map to be globally contractive, in which case all orbits tend to a tonic spiking state determined by the fixed point of the return map. We then show that bursting is caused by a discontinuity in the return map, in which case...
Reassessing the Role of Region A in Pit1-Mediated Viral Entry

The mammalian gammaretroviruses gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B) can use the same receptor, Pit1, to infect human cells. A highly polymorphic nine-residue sequence within Pit1, designated region A, has been proposed as the virus binding site, because mutations in this region abolish Pit1-mediated cellular infection by GALV and FeLV-B. However, a direct correlation between region A mutations deleterious for infection and loss of virus binding has not been established. We report that cells expressing a Pit1 protein harboring mutations in region A that abolish receptor function retain the ability to bind virus, indicating that Pit1 region A is not the virus binding site. Furthermore, we have now identified a second region in Pit1, comprising residues 232 to 260 (region B), that is required for both viral entry and virus binding. Epitope-tagged Pit1 proteins were used to demonstrate that mutations in region B result in improper orientation of Pit1 in the cell membrane. Compensatory mutations in region A can restore proper orientation and full receptor function to these region B mutants. Based on these results, we propose that region A of Pit1 confers competence for viral entry by influencing the topology of the authentic binding site in the membrane and hence its accessibility to a viral envelope protein. Based on glycosylation studies and results obtained by using N- and C-terminal epitope-tagged Pit1, region A and region B mutants, and the transmembrane helices predicted with the PHD PredictProtein algorithm, we propose a new Pit1 topology model.
Disassociation of Liver and Muscle Insulin Resistance from Ectopic Lipid Accumulation in Low-Birth-Weight Individuals

Context: Low birth weight (LBW) is a marker of fetal stress and is associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance plays a prominent role in the development of T2D; however, the pathogenesis of T2D in LBW is controversial. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whole-body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and hepatic lipid content in LBW and matched control subjects. Design: These were prospective and pair-matched studies. Setting: The study was conducted at Yale University Center for Clinical Investigation. Participants: Young, lean, nonsmoking, sedentary LBW (n = 45) and matched control subjects participated in the study. Intervention: Interventions included an oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Main Outcomes Measures: The main outcomes measures included insulin sensitivity index; whole-body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity; liver lipid ...
Internet use among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: the generation and education gap.

BACKGROUND: The Internet represents a promising tool to improve diabetes care. OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in demographics, self-care behaviors, and diabetes-related risk factor control by frequency of Internet use. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: We surveyed 909 patients with type 2 diabetes attending primary care clinics. MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of Internet use, socioeconomic status, and responses to the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA), and Health Utilities Index (HUI) scales. Survey responses were linked to last measured hemoglobin Alc, cholesterol, and blood pressure results. Comorbidities and current medications were obtained from the medical record. RESULTS: Internet “never-users” (n=588, 66%) were significantly older (70.0±11.2 vs 59.0±11.3 years; P high school; P<.001) than Internet users (n=308, 34%). There were few significant differences in PAID or SDSCA scores or in diabetes metabolic control despite longer diabetes duration (10.3±8.2 vs 8.3±6.7 years; P<.001) and greater prevalence of coronary disease (40% vs 24%; P<.001) in nonusers. Less than 10% of current nonusers would use the Internet for secure health-related communication. CONCLUSIONS: Older and less educated diabetes patients are less likely to use the Internet. Despite greater comorbidity, nonusers engaged in primary care had equal or better risk factor control compared to users.
Caveolin expression is decreased following androgen deprivation in human prostate cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND. Increased expression of caveolin has been associated with prostate cancer progression. In a mouse reconstitution model of prostate cancer, expression of caveolin was inversely related to androgen sensitivity: androgen independent clones had high caveolin expression; low caveolin expression was associated with sensitivity to androgen withdrawal. In contrast, several independent observations support the hypothesis that caveolin functions as a tumor suppressor. METHODS. Caveolin expression was studied by Western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemistry in three androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, LAPC-4 and LAPC-9, and following acute and chronic androgen deprivation, and in benign prostate epithelial cells. Expression of caveolin, androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also examined after reintroduction of androgen. RESULTS. LNCaP grown continuously under androgen-depleted conditions for 6 to 42 months produced several androgen-independent and tumorigenic clones: tumors formed in 13/15 castrate and 7/15 intact male athymic nu/nu mice, but no tumors formed in wildtype LNCaP-bearing animals. Caveolin expression was decreased in every androgen-deprived LNCaP clone and following 150 days of androgen deprivation in LAPC-4. Caveolin expression by LAPC-9 was very low. Following exposure to dihydrotestosterone in vitro, caveolin and PSA expression increased within three days in the androgen-deprived clones of LNCaP. Benign prostate epithelial cells have high caveolin expression. CONCLUSIONS. Unlike the mouse reconstitution model of prostate cancer, the pattern of caveolin expression in benign prostatic epithelium and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer is consistent with tumor suppressive activity.
Excitation spectra of the np 3Πg, n′p 3Σ+g ←5s 3Σ+u(1u,0−u) Rydberg series of Kr2

Excitation spectra of the 5s 3Σ+u(1u,0−u) state of the Kr2 molecule have been obtained in the wavelength interval 335≤λ≲545 nm by monitoring atomic Kr emission at 758.7 nm (5p[1/2]0→5s[3/2]1) that accompanies dye laser excitation of the neutral excited molecule. The dominant peaks in the spectrum are identified as arising from np 3Πg←5s 3Σ+u Rydberg transitions where 7≤n≤18. The series limit and quantum defect δ for this series have been determined to be 28 471.9±3.9 cm−1 (351.12±0.05 nm) and 2.629±0.004, respectively, and the vibrational frequency ωe of the 5s 3Σ+u(1u,0−u) excimer has been estimated to be ∼195 cm−1. All of the observed Rydberg states have an A 2Σ+1/2u[1(1/2)u] ion core. Comparison of the np 3Πg←5s 3Σ+u series limit and the ionization potential of Kr* 5s[3/2]2 shows that the A 2Σ+1/2u ground state dimer ion is ∼0.55 eV more deeply bound than is the Kr2 5s 3Σ+u neutral species. Also, dissociation energies of the np 3ΠgRydbergs are shown to be nearly identical to that of the A 2Σ+1/2u dime...
Discontinuous density gradient analysis of human bone marrow: Presence of alloantigen-responsive, PHA-unresponsive cells in normal bone marrow; Absence of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Abstract Normal human bone marrow cells were separated on discontinuous density gradients of 17–35% bovine serum albumin (BSA) into nine fractions. The top portion of the gradient (fractions 1–3, 17–23% BSA) was rich in cells characterized by a high rate of DNA synthesis and by the ability to give rise to colony-forming units. The lower portion of the gradient (fractions 5–9, 27–35% BSA) was rich in B lymphocytes capable of staining with a fluorescent antiserum to anti-human μ-chain, of forming rosettes with EAC1423, of taking up antigen, and of proliferating in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Cells in the middle portion of the gradient (fractions 3–5, 21–27% BSA) showed the strongest reactivity in response to alloantigens but only an occasional weak reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). No E rosette-forming cells were found in any of the bone marrow fractions. Bone marrow from two boys with proved X-linked agammaglobulinemia (X-LA) and one boy with probable X-LA was found to be totally deficient in B lymphocytes, as it lacked completely the cells identified by immunofluorescent staining and rosette formation with EAC1423, and failed to transform with PWM. Like normal marrow, marrow from patients with X-LA contained cells capable of proliferating in response to alloantigens but not in response to PHA.
An Algorithmic Approach to Collective Behavior

The emergence of collective structure from the decentralized interaction of autonomous agents remains, with notable exceptions, a mystery. While powerful tools from dynamics and statistical mechanics have been brought to bear, sometimes with great success, an algorithmic perspective has been lacking. Viewing collective behavior through the lens of natural algorithms offers potential benefits. This article examines the merits and challenges of an algorithmic approach to the emergence of collective order.
Preparative and analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in the systhesis and analysis of decomposition of nitrosourea nucleosides

Abstract Details are given for reversed-phase, adsorption, and aqueous ammonia-modified adsorption high-performance liquid chromatographic systems developed to separate 3′-chloroethylnitrosouea analogues of thymidine, 2′-deoxyuridine, and 5-fluoro-2′ deoxyuridine from their composition products and synthetic precursors. The effect of varying the substituents at the 3′− and 5-position on relative retention in each system is discussed. These systems are used to purify intermediates in the synthesis of these potent antineoplastic agents, and for the simultaneous analysis of the nitrosourea nucleosides and their breakdown products in kinetic studies of decomposition. Application of these methods to the analysis of the kinetics of the breakdown of these compounds is demonstrated, with detection limits (signal-to- noise ratio = 2) in the 1–2 ng range.
Multilevel SEM Strategies for Evaluating Mediation in Three-Level Data

Strategies for modeling mediation effects in multilevel data have proliferated over the past decade, keeping pace with the demands of applied research. Approaches for testing mediation hypotheses with 2-level clustered data were first proposed using multilevel modeling (MLM) and subsequently using multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) to overcome several limitations of MLM. Because 3-level clustered data are becoming increasingly common, it is necessary to develop methods to assess mediation in such data. Whereas MLM easily accommodates 3-level data, MSEM does not. However, it is possible to specify and estimate some 3-level mediation models using both single- and multilevel SEM. Three new alternative approaches are proposed for fitting 3-level mediation models using single- and multilevel SEM, and each method is demonstrated with simulated data. Discussion focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as directions for future research.
Linguistic Anthropology in Society

Communication problems in post-industrial society are seen to arise from two interacting factors: cultural differences and differences between lay and technical languages. They are a necessary consequence of the loosening of social boundaries and increasing technological specialization. Thus, they cannot be attributed to cultural or cognitive deprivation. Linguistic anthropology can contribute to a general theory of communication which may re-orient research paradigms and predict the social effect of the communication gap.
The role of pedicled flaps in burned nose reconstruction

Burn patients have unique needs for nasal reconstruction. Standard techniques may not be available or appropriate. Alternate methods can be very successful and are described.
13C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of urea-formaldehyde resins made from N,N′-dimethylolurea or from paraformaldehyde

Abstract 13C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins prepared at room temperature from reaction mixtures containing N,N′-dimethylolurea or various pretreated paraformaldehyde agents as a source of CH2 groups. Resins prepared from reaction mixtures with various ‘equivalent’ formaldehyde-to-urea molar ratios and various pH values and reactant concentrations were examined. Structural changes in the UF resins that accompany variations in these parameters, and the dependence of the UF resin structures on the solubilities of N,N′-dimethylolurea or various pretreated paraformaldehyde agents in water are discussed along with the relative rates of various reactions at different pH values. Comparisons are made among the UF resins prepared from formalin, N,N′-dimethylolurea or various pretreated paraformaldehyde agents as a source of CH2 groups in the resins. Valuable information on the mechanisms and reactivities of various reactions in the complicated UF resin system was drawn from these comparisons.
Psychopathy and aggression: Examining the role of psychopathy factors in predicting laboratory aggression under hostile and instrumental conditions

Psychopathy is a problematic configuration of traits and behaviors that is consistently correlated with aggressive, criminal behavior. Studies have suggested that psychopathy is composed of related but distinct factors that manifest divergent relations with a host of constructs including aggression. In the current study, we used a sample of 126 men to examine whether these psychopathy factors are differentially related to aggression manifested in two conditions (instrumental and hostile/reactive aggression) of a laboratory aggression paradigm. Traits related to an antagonistic interpersonal style and emotional detachment (i.e., Factor 1) were related to aggression in both conditions whereas traits related to negative emotionality, impulsivity, and an antagonistic style (i.e., Factor 2) were related to aggression only in the hostile/reactive condition. Potential explanations for these findings are put forth.
Ethanol production during D-xylose, L-arabinose, and D-ribose fermentation by Bacteroides polypragmatus

The specific growth rate (μ) during cultivation of Bacteroides polypragmatus in 2.51 batch cultures in 4–5% (w/v) l-arabinose medium was 0.23 h-1 while that in either d-xylose or d-ribose medium was lower (μ=0.19 h-1). Whereas growth on arabinose or xylose occurred after about 6–8 h lag period, growth on ribose commenced after a 30 h lag phase. The maximum substrate utilization rate for arabinose, ribose and xylose in media with an initial substrate concentration of 4–5% (w/v) was 0.77, 0.76, and 0.60 g/l/h respectively. In medium containing a mixture of glucose, arabinose, and xylose, the utilization of all three substrates occurred concurrently. The maximum amount of ethanol produced after 72 h growth in 4–5% (w/v) of arabinose, xylose, and ribose was 9.4, 6.5, and 5.3 g/l, respectively. The matabolic end products (mol/mol substrate) of growth in 4.4% (w/v) xylose medium were 0.73 ethanol, 0.49 acetate, 1.39 CO2, 1.05 H2, and 0.09 butyrate.
Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Optical Storage Memory

We describe the design and construction of ultrahigh capacity three-dimensional, 3D, optical storage devices that operate by two-photon absorption. The molecular systems and their properties that are used as two photon media for writing and one photon for accessing the stored information within the volume of the device are presented in some detail and the nonlinear two-photon absorption mechanism is briefly visited. The optical system and its components, which facilitated writing and reading, are also described and the bit density, bit error rate, store and access speeds, cycle times, and stability of the materials under various experimental conditions are also topics addressed in this review. The first ever storage of terabyte data in a removable storage disk is described in detail.
High heat flux Kapitza conductance of technical copper with several different surface preparations

Abstract Kapitza conductance values of technical copper with different surface treatments and for heat fluxes of up to 6 W cm −2 are reported. Five different surface preparations were studied: a, polished with 0.3 μm alumina powder; b, oxidized at room temperature in air for a period of one month; c, oxidized in air at 200°C for 40 min; d, coated with 50-50 PbSn solder; e, coated with a layer of GE7031 varnish. The variation of surface temperature with heat flux as well as the limiting values of Kapitza conductance for small temperature difference are determined. Relative to the polished samples, it is observed that the baked and solder coated samples have higher conductances and that the samples oxidized in the atmosphere show lower conductances. The surface temperature of the varnished samples is controlled mostly by the low thermal conductivity of the varnish.
Abstract B107: Targeting metastatic tumor cell functions by Src signaling interference using the small molecule Src inhibitor, saracatinib (AZD0530)

Introduction: The metastatic spread of cancer cells remains the principal cause of treatment failure. Src is a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase that is frequently over‐expressed in malignances, and increased Src activity may be associated with poor patient prognosis. Src tyrosine kinase plays an important role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. Since these cellular functions are key components of the metastatic cascade, Src may be a novel target for cancer therapy. The present studies were undertaken to investigate whether molecular intervention in Src associated signaling could reduce the metastatic spread of tumor cells. Specifically, the efficacy of saracatinib a potent, selective and orally available Src inhibitor, was evaluated in the highly metastatic rodent KHT sarcoma cell line. Methods: The effect of saracatinib treatment on tumor cell functions, including viability, migration, invasion, and attachment, were examined by clonogenicity, migration/invasion and attachment assays, respectively. To assess saracatinib therapeutic effects on metastatic growth, tumor cells were either pretreated with saracatinib prior to intravenous injection or injected intravenously and then the mice were treated with saracatinib. In the latter case three protocols commencing immediately after tumor cell inoculation were investigated: a single 10 mg/kg dose of saracatinib; four 10 mg/kg doses of saracatinib given at 24 hr intervals; daily 10 mg/kg doses of saracatinib administered over a period of 3 weeks; in all protocols saracatinib was administered p.o. Twenty‐one days after cell injection the number of lung metastases were determined. Results:In vitro saracatinib doses ranging from 0.5–5.0 µM significantly reduced Src phosphorylation and functionally inhibited KHT cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion. Pretreating KHT cells with saracatinib (1 or 5 µM, 24 hr) also reduced (2–4‐fold) the ability of these cells to form lung metastases when injected into C3H mice via the tail vein. In vivo, daily doses of saracatinib (10 mg/kg) reduced the number of metastases formed at the end of a 3 week period by a factor of ∼2. A similar reduction in lung colonies was achieved with four 10 mg/kg doses of saracatinib given daily commencing immediately after tumor cell injection, or even a single 10 mg/kg treatment administered immediately after tumor cell inoculation. Conclusions: The present studies explored the possibility of utilizing a molecular targeting strategy directed against key aspects of the metastatic cascade. The present findings demonstrate that saracatinib treatment significantly inhibits the ability of the cancer cells to escape the blood stream and invade at a secondary site supporting the notion that Src signal inhibition may hold considerable promise in impairing metastases formation. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B107.
Microwave processing of SiC nanoparticles infused polymer composites: Comparison of thermal and mechanical properties

The goal of this study is to compare thermal and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin system reinforced with SiC nanoparticles using both conventional thermal curing and microwave irradiation techniques. The microwave curing technique has shown potential benefits in processing polymeric nanocomposites by reducing the curing time without compromising the thermo-mechanical performances of the materials. It was observed from this investigation that, the curing time was drastically reduced to ∼30 min for microwave curing instead of 12 h room temperature curing with additional 6 h post curing at 75°C. Ductile behavior was more pronounced for microwave curing technique while thermal curing showed brittle like behavior as revealed from flexural test. The maximum strain to failure was increased by 25–40% for microwave-cured nanocomposites over the room temperature cured nanocomposites for the same loading of nanofillers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) also increased by ∼14°C while curing under microwave irradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41708.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: treatment with ultraviolet B phototherapy

EOSINOPHILIC pustular folliculitis is a rare pruritic dermatosis1 that has only recently been reported in patients from the United States.2 3 4 5 6 The eruption is characterized by sterile pruritic...
Assessing the benefits of integrating social issues components in the computing curriculum

The inclusion of social issues, including ethical and professional topics, in computing curricula has become commonplace two decades after being incorporated into the ACM Computing Curricula. However, authors of academic papers and conference presentations often concentrate on integrating the broader issues of societal impact and best practices into computing curricula, while neglecting the assessment of their benefits. This panel explores how the institutions of the panelists include social issues in projects and the curriculum as a whole, and additionally how they assess the benefits of doing so. Special attention is given to an appreciation of the social good emanating from the use of community-based and non-profit organizations in student projects. Additionally, ways to assess the effectiveness of these approaches are presented in an effort to help meet model curriculum guidelines and accreditation requirements.
Correlates of functional fitness in older adults.

Background: Self-efficacy has been shown to be both an antecedent and determinant of behaviors such as physical activity and may explain variance in the performance of functional tasks among older adults.Purpose: The objectives of the current study were: first, to identify potential latent factors of functional fitness (i.e., the ability to perform activities of daily living) among older adults; and second, to determine the extent to which self-efficacy contributed to the variance in functional fitness over and above other known correlates.Methods: Older adults (n = 190, M age = 69.4 years) completed a functional fitness test battery, maximal graded exercise test, and demographics and self-efficacy questionnaires.Results: Structural equation modeling supported two latent factors of functional fitness representing “Flexibility” and “Physical Power.” Further analyses indicated sex as the sole significant correlate of Flexibility. Greater Physical Power was associated with being male, younger, and having higher self-efficacy.Conclusions: These results support the role of self-efficacy as a correlate of performance on functional tasks. Targeting flexibility and physical power to improve functional fitness among older men and women, respectively, warrants examination.
Scalar boson production and decay in composite models

Abstract In composite models where vector bosons ( W ± , Z ) and scalar boson (H) are made of the same subconstituents and especially in W-dominance models we show that couplings like HZ γ , H γγ , Hgg can be rather large. As a consequence the decay pattern and the production rates of scalar bosons in e + e − , γγ and hadron-hadron collisions can be completely different from the standard Higgs case.
An evaluation of field techniques in detection of deception.

Field techniques of detecting deception were evaluated using a mock crime situation. Thirty-six Ss were “guilty” of taking $10, and 36 Ss were “innocent,” A field-type interview was followed by a zone comparison control-question polygraph examination. A Keeler field polygraph was used to record physiology activity, and field (semi-objective) and quantitative evaluations of the charts were made. Those who evaluated the charts were not informed about the “guilt” or “innocence” of each S. Using field evaluations, there were 53% correct. 12% incorrect, and 35% inconclusives. Excluding inconclusives there were 81% correct decision. using quantitative scoring, significant discriination between “guilty” and “innocent” was obtaindd with skin resistance, cardiovascular, and respiration measures, with skin resistance best. Field evaluations also produced significant discrimination for all three measures. Blind evaluations of the charts by 5 additional examiners produced high agreement among examiner decisions and a mean correlation of .86 among total scores. Thus, the effectiveness of commonly used field techniques and equipment in differentiating truth and deception was demonstrated in a laboratory setting.
The Flipped Classroom Improved Medical Student Performance and Satisfaction in a Pre-clinical Physiology Course

Recently, several articles have suggested that the flipped classroom could be an ideal model for pre-clinical medical education. The flipped classroom approach enables instructor-led time to be dedicated to integration and critical thinking exercises, while students learn foundational material outside of class via online videos or reading assignments. However, few studies have been published on the efficacy of this model for pre-clinical medial students. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a fully flipped classroom in a systems physiology course at The University of North Carolina School of Medicine. The organization of this flipped classroom aimed to keep contact hours and home-study hours equal to the hours previously used in the lecture-based course. With the implementation of the flipped classroom, both student performance on examination and student satisfaction with the course improved slightly compared to those of previous years where the curriculum was primarily delivered by lectures. This paper describes an example of a fully flipped course that demonstrated gains in performance and student course evaluations of a medical school pre-clinical course, and suggests that the flipped classroom could be a useful and successful educational approach in medical curricula.
Immunohistochemical detection of A1 adenosine receptors in rat brain with emphasis on localization in the hippocampal formation, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia

Polyclonal antisera were generated against two identical regions of rat and human A1 adenosine receptors using synthetic multiple-antigenic-peptides as immunogens. Western blotting showed that the antisera recognized a single protein in brain of the expected size for A1 receptors. Immunohistochemistry of CHO cells transfected with the rat or human A1 adenosine receptor cDNAs showed robust labeling of the cell surface. In contrast, labeling was not apparent over non-transfected CHO cells, nor over CHO cells expressing A2a receptors. The pattern of immunoreactivity in rat brain was similar to that expected for A1 adenosine receptors. In contrast to receptor autoradiography or in situ hybridization methods, immunohistochemistry allowed identification of individually labeled cells and processes. Heavy labeling was apparent in many brain regions. In the hippocampal formation, strong labeling was present on granule cell bodies and dendrites, mossy fibers, and pyramidal neurons. In cerebellum, basket cells were the most heavily labeled cell type. Less intense staining was present over granule cells. In cerebral cortex, pyramidal cells were the most heavily labeled cell type, and some interneurons were also labeled. In the basal ganglia, 43% of neurons in the globus pallidus were labeled. In the caudate-putamen region, 38% of neurons were labeled. Heavy labeling was present in most thalamic nuclei, and moderate to heavy labeling was seen in many brainstem nuclei. These data identify specific cellular sites of A1 receptor expression and support the concept of cellular specificity of A1 adenosine receptor action.
Molecular or pharmacologic inhibition of the CD14 signaling pathway protects against burn-related myocardial inflammation and dysfunction.

ABSTRACTSignaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an obligate role in burn-related myocardial dysfunction. We hypothesized that signaling through CD14, a cellular receptor for endotoxin that lacks a transmembrane domain but is coupled to TLR4, also plays a role in postburn myocardial infla
Systematically convergent correlation consistent basis sets for molecular core-valence correlation effects: the third-row atoms gallium through krypton.

The family of correlation consistent polarized valence basis sets has been extended in order to account for core−core and core−valence correlation effects within the third-row, main group atoms gallium through krypton. Construction of the basis sets is similar to that of the atoms boron through argon, where either the difference between core-correlated and valence-only correlation energies were calculated via configuration interaction (CISD) computations on the ground electronic states of the atoms (named cc-pCVnZ) or the sets were optimized with respect to the core−valence correlation energy and a small weight of core−core correlation energy (cc-pwCVnZ). Due to the correlation of 3d orbitals, added shells of higher angular momentum exponents compared to the valence sets are necessary to describe the core region. The pattern of added core-correlating functions is (1s1p1d1f) for double-ζ, (2s2p2d2f1g) for triple-ζ, (3s3p3d3f2g1h) for quadruple-ζ, and (4s4p4d4f3g2h1i) for quintuple-ζ. Atomic and molecular r...
SU‐E‐I‐112: Pre‐Clinical Imaging with an Ultra‐High Resolution X‐Ray Detector

Purpose: To explore the possible applications for a newly developed ultra‐high resolution, small field‐of‐view (FOV) micro‐solid state x‐ray image intensifier (micro‐SSXII) detector.Methods: The micro‐SSXII is based on an 8 micron, 1004 by 1002 electron‐multiplying CCD (EMCCD) optically coupled to a 100‐micron thick CsI(Tl) phosphor through a fiber optic window resulting in a FOV of 8 mm with a resolution limit of more than 20 lp/mm. The system has the capability of providing real‐time images at low exposures because of the high variable gain of the EMCCD. Several phantoms were prepared by filling catheter tubes of 470 micron internal diameter with separate mixtures of a casting resin with different ratios of three different contrast agents (Omnipaque 350, barium sulphate, tantalum powder). These were imaged with the micro‐SSXII at 50 kVp to help select the best mixture for use in making a cast of a rat kidney whose vasculature would then be made radiopaque and visualized. Results: The images of all phantoms showed clumping of these contrast agents within the resin resulting in a non‐uniform mix. The image of the phantom filled with Omnipaque and resin in a 1:4 ratio showed the best mixture although large bubble formation of the iodine was observed. This combination was used to make a cast of a rat kidney vasculature and imaged with the micro‐SSXII. Small iodine bubbles with diameters as small as 25 microns were clearly delineated in the rat kidney vessels confirming the sharp detail capability of the micro‐SSXII. Conclusions: The micro‐SSXII in combination with a soft x‐ray spectrum can provide excellent images of small animal casts prepared with an appropriate radiopaque resin to study finer details of the vasculature. This new imager has the potential to be used for region‐of‐interest x‐ray image guidance for interventional studies in small animals. Supported in part by: NIH Grants R01‐EB008425, R01‐EB002873 and an equipment grant from Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.