cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Psychiatric Treatment of Chronic Head and Face Pain

Chronic head and facial pain is a multifaceted experience for patients, as it can pervasively affect the ability to function and ultimately hinder quality of life. Multidisciplinary approaches, including psychological and psychiatric interventions, for headache and facial pain are often necessary for successful treatment. Mood and anxiety symptoms, as well as deleterious health behaviors, can derail appropriate self-management, which then negatively affects medical management. This chapter will review cognitive-behavioral interventions, relaxation/biofeedback training, operant learning theory, the role of family support, and psychotropic medication options that can enhance health coping and effective head and facial pain management.
Should I stay or should I go? Approach/avoidance conflict and emotional functioning

Personality has long held a prevalent place in the pantheon of psychological research. In the last 40 years, neuropsychological models of personality have become a popular predictor of human behaviour and emotionality. With a particular focus on Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, this study investigated the interaction of high Behavioural Activation System (BAS) and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) as a predictor of emotional functioning. Participants (n = 499) recruited from the community completed an online survey composed of questions on demographic information, behavioural inhibition and activation, emotional instability and indices of depression, anxiety and mixed depression-anxiety. Consistent with our primary hypothesis, the interaction of high BAS × BIS predicted emotional instability using an observed variable path model. This was subsequently associated with depression, anxiety and mixed depression-anxiety symptoms. Future avenues for research using BIS/BAS monitoring in clinical practice and study limitations are discussed. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of additives on the friction and wear reduction of oil-based drilling fluid

Abstract In comparison to conventional vertical hole drilling, extended reach drilling wells with long horizontal section require higher driving torque due to the increased drag on the drill string, drill column, casing and other equipment. This has led to higher friction and wear on the drilling equipment. Friction and wear preventive properties of oil-based drilling fluid is therefore important to keep oil extraction economical and sustainable. The addition of small concentrations of hydrocarbon additives to drilling fluid has shown significant positive effects on these properties. In this study, improvements in friction and wear properties of drilling fluid with the use of friction reduction additives was analyzed using a four-ball experimental configuration. Experiments resulted in wear in boundary and mixed lubrication regimes due to significant metal-metal interaction. The results showed that liquid friction reduction additives with long hydrocarbon tails and high metal affinity polar heads achieved better performance than additives that contained molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate. Energy dispersive spectroscopy results indicated lower levels of salts and corrosive chemicals on the surface of the wear scars for the best preforming additives.
Variety Is the Spice of Life, but Maybe Not in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas

Summary: Sanchez-Vega and colleagues prospectively demonstrate that both intra- and intertumoral differential expression of the receptor tyrosine kinases HER2, EGFR, and MET dictate sensitivity to the pan-HER inhibitor afatinib in a phase II trial of trastuzumab-refractory HER2-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Rapid autopsy, tissue-based genomic characterization, and molecular imaging provide complementary information and may aid in selecting optimal patients for targeted monotherapy versus combination approaches in gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. See related article by Sanchez-Vega et al., p. 199.
What the Hell Took So Long? Donald W. Fiske and the Big-Five Factor Structure

The search for a taxonomy of individual differences is an ancient one: Humans have continuously sought to make sense of the myriad characteristics they observe in others around them. Whereas Thurstone found the correct number of broad personality factors, his collection of 60 trait adjectives was too idiosyncratically assembled to have produced Big-Five structure. Instead, the honor of first discovery must be accorded to Donald Fiske's who analyzed a set of 22 variables developed by Cattell, and found five factors that replicated across samples of self-ratings, observer ratings, and peer ratings. Before 1950, then, at least two separate five-factor models of phenotypic personality traits had appeared in the scientific literature—both with roots in the lexicographic tradition, but each using a different set of trait-descriptive variables. By 1970, then, one might have assumed that the five-factor model had amassed more than enough evidence to ensure its viability as the taxonomic framework for phenotypic personality traits.
MEGARes 2.0: a database for classification of antimicrobial drug, biocide and metal resistance determinants in metagenomic sequence data

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health and the identification of genetic determinants of AMR is a critical component to epidemiological investigations. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides opportunities for investigation of AMR across all microbial genomes in a sample (i.e. the metagenome). Previously, we presented MEGARes, a hand-curated AMR database and annotation structure developed to facilitate the analysis of AMR within metagenomic samples (i.e. the resistome). Along with MEGARes, we released AmrPlusPlus, a bioinformatics pipeline that interfaces with MEGARes to identify and quantify AMR gene accessions contained within a metagenomic sequence dataset. Here, we present MEGARes 2.0 (https://megares.meglab.org), which incorporates previously published resistance sequences for antimicrobial drugs, while also expanding to include published sequences for metal and biocide resistance determinants. In MEGARes 2.0, the nodes of the acyclic hierarchical ontology include four antimicrobial compound types, 57 classes, 220 mechanisms of resistance, and 1,345 gene groups that classify the 7,868 accessions. In addition, we present an updated version of AmrPlusPlus (AMR ++ version 2.0), which improves accuracy of classifications, as well as expanding scalability and usability.
Resection and replacement of thoracic aortic graft infections

Abstract Objectives Thoracic aortic graft infection (TAGI) presents a formidable challenge with high mortality. We evaluated our 22-year experience managing TAGI with extensive debridement, graft replacement, vascularized tissue coverage, and aggressive antibiotics. Methods We reviewed all consecutive patients with TAGI from 1991 to 2013. We also compared infected cases versus noninfected reoperative controls using a case–control design. Standard statistical methods were used for descriptive analysis, and Kaplan–Meier for survival analysis. Results We treated 32 TAGI patients, involving 19 ascending/arch (A/A) and 13 descending/thoracoabdominal (D/TAA) grafts, including 4 endografts. In total, 19 (59.4%) presented with pseudoaneurysm and 11 (34.4%) with aortic fistula. Vascularized tissue (omentum or muscle) coverage was possible in 22 (71.0%) patients. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 3 (9.4%) patients, with no 30-day mortality among those receiving vascularized graft coverage (P = .018). During follow-up, reinfection occurred in 8 patients (25% [4 A/A and 4 D/TAA]). Five-year overall (A/A 45.4% vs D/TAA 28.9%, P = .434) and reinfection-free (A/A 19.2%, D/TAA 27%, P = .409) survival was similar between groups. Long-term mortality was greater after endograft infection (100% vs 25% at 2.5 months, P = .0007) or aortobronchial fistulization (100% vs 37.9% at 6 months, P = .026). Time to reintervention was shorter in infected versus non-infected reoperative cases (31 vs 83 months, P Conclusions TAGI continues to represent a highly morbid surgical challenge. Prompt antimicrobial coverage, debridement, graft replacement, and vascularized graft coverage, yielded best long-term results. Endograft infection and aortobronchial fistula had very poor prognoses.
Matrix Profile XIX: Time Series Semantic Motifs: A New Primitive for Finding Higher-Level Structure in Time Series

Time series motifs are approximately repeated patterns in real-valued temporal data. They are used for exploratory data mining methods including clustering, classification, segmentation, and rule discovery. Their current definition is limited to finding literal or near-exact matches and is unable to discover higher level semantic structure. Consider a time series generated by an accelerometer on a smartwatch. This data offers the possibility of finding motifs in human behavior. One such example is the motif generated by a handshake. Under current motif definitions, a single-pump handshake would not match a three-pump handshake, even though they are culturally and semantically equivalent events. In this work we generalize the definition of motifs to one which allows us to capture higher level semantic structure. We refer to these as time series semantic motifs. Surprisingly this increased expressiveness does not come at a great cost. Our algorithm Semantic-Motif-Finder takes approximately the same time as current state-of-the-art motif discovery algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of our ideas on diverse datasets.
Physical Activity Monitoring Using a Fitbit Device in Ischemic Stroke Patients: Prospective Cohort Feasibility Study.

Background: Continuous tracking of ambulatory activity in real-world settings using step activity monitors has many potential uses. However, feasibility, accuracy, and correlation with performance measures in stroke patients have not been well-established. Objective: The primary study objective was to determine adherence with wearing a consumer-grade step activity monitor, the Fitbit Charge HR, in home-going ischemic stroke patients during the first 90 days after hospital discharge. Secondary objectives were to (1) determine accuracy of step counts of the Fitbit Charge HR compared with a manual tally; (2) calculate correlations between the Fitbit step counts and the mobility performance scores at discharge and 30 days after stroke; (3) determine variability and change in weekly step counts over 90 days; and (4) evaluate patient experience with using the Fitbit Charge HR poststroke. Methods: A total of 15 participants with recent mild ischemic stroke wore a Fitbit Charge HR for 90 days after discharge and completed 3 mobility performance tests from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox at discharge and Day 30: (1) Standing Balance Test, (2) 2-Minute Walk Endurance Test, and (3) 4-Meter Walk Gait Speed Test. Accuracy of step activity monitors was assessed by calculating differences in steps recorded on the step activity monitor and a manual tally during 2-minute walk tests. Results: Participants had a mean age of 54 years and a median modified Rankin scale score of 1. Mean daily adherence with step activity monitor use was 83.6%. Mean daily step count in the first week after discharge was 4376. Daily step counts increased slightly during the first 30 days after discharge (average increase of 52.5 steps/day; 95% CI 32.2-71.8) and remained stable during the 30-90 day period after discharge. Mean step count difference between step activity monitor and manual tally was –4.8 steps (–1.8%). Intraclass correlation coefficients for step counts and 2-minute walk, standing balance, and 4-meter gait speed at discharge were 0.41 (95% CI –0.14 to 0.75), –0.12 (95% CI –0.67 to 0.64), and 0.17 (95% CI –0.46 to 0.66), respectively. Values were similarly poor at 30 days. Conclusions: The use of consumer-grade Fitbit Charge HR in patients with recent mild stroke is feasible with reasonable adherence and accuracy. There was poor correlation between step counts and gait speed, balance, and endurance. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between step counts and other outcomes relevant to patients, including patient-reported outcomes and measures of physical function.
La tradición oral : elemento de resistencia cultural

This article analyses oral tradition as a fundamental element of cultural resistance, evidenced in the secondary characters of some stories of the literary work iCric Crac! (Mil novecientos treinta y siete, Hijos del mar y un muro de fuego) by the Haitian author Edwidge Danticant. It is suggested that the characters of these stories with alienation feelings, even having abandoned their homes or being in their hometown, use oral tradition and cultural memory to resist before the dominant culture that imposes. In this sense, they become that otherness that being in their hometown or in a different geographical and cultural context from their native one, reveal their disapproval against it and remain as identity subjects in their strict sense.
Patterns of Farm Exposure are Associated with Reduced Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis in Early Life

Background Farm exposures may reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, but this is controversial and US data are limited. Objective This study was conducted to identify patterns of farm exposure in Wisconsin family farms that modify AD incidence and prevalence in early childhood. Methods Environmental exposures, health history, and clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded for 111 farm families and 129 non–farm families enrolled in the Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort birth cohort study. Exposures from the prenatal and early postnatal (2-month) visits were evaluated together with parental report of AD diagnosis by a health care provider through age 24 months. Latent class analysis was performed with prenatal and early postnatal farm-exposure variables to assign farm children to 3 classes. Results Overall, children of farm families had reduced AD incidence (P = .03). Within farm families, exposures including poultry (3% vs 28%; P = .003), pig (4% vs 25%; P = .04), feed grain (13% vs 34%; P = .02), and number of animal species were inversely associated with AD incidence. Among the latent class groups, children in families with diverse or more intense farm exposures (classes A and B) had reduced AD incidence, whereas low-exposure (class C) infants had AD incidence similar to that in nonfarm children. Conclusions Infants in Wisconsin farm families had reduced AD incidence, and patterns of farm exposures further defined AD risk. These findings suggest that exposure to diverse farm animals, feed, and bedding during the prenatal period and in early infancy reduce the risk of early-onset AD, a phenotype associated with multiple other atopic diseases.
Using digital badges in business information literacy instruction: a case study

Digital badges are an increasingly popular way to display learning achievements, both in higher education and in professional environments. Digital badges can be used to help deliver information li...
Left hemisphere damage produces deficits in predictive control of bilateral coordination

Previous research has demonstrated hemisphere-specific motor deficits in ipsilesional and contralesional unimanual movements in patients with hemiparetic stroke due to MCA infarct. Due to the importance of bilateral motor actions on activities of daily living, we now examine how bilateral coordination may be differentially affected by right or left hemisphere stroke. To avoid the caveat of simply adding unimanual deficits in assessing bimanual coordination, we designed a unique task that requires spatiotemporal coordination features that do not exist in unimanual movements. Participants with unilateral left (LHD) or right hemisphere damage (RHD) and age-matched controls moved a virtual rectangle (bar) from a midline start position to a midline target. Movement along the long axis of the bar was redundant to the task, such that the bar remained in the center of and parallel to an imaginary line connecting each hand. Thus, to maintain midline position of the bar, movements of one hand closer to or further away from the bar midline required simultaneous, but oppositely directed displacements with the other hand. Our findings indicate that left (LHD), but not right (RHD) hemisphere-damaged patients showed poor interlimb coordination, reflected by significantly lower correlations between displacements of each hand along the bar axis. These left hemisphere-specific deficits were only apparent prior to peak velocity, likely reflecting predictive control of interlimb coordination. In contrast, the RHD group bilateral coordination was not significantly different than that of the control group. We conclude that predictive mechanisms that govern bilateral coordination are dependent on left hemisphere mechanisms. These findings indicate that assessment and training in cooperative bimanual tasks should be considered as part of an intervention framework for post-stroke physical rehabilitation.
Empowering Nurses with an Online Roadmap for Evidence-Based Practice

Nurses are involved in an increasingly complex and changing health care environment. To be effective, nurses must have the skills to effectively engage in evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve p...
Hot Plasma in Nonflaring Active Regions Observed by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode

The Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft obtains high-resolution spectra of the solar atmosphere in two wavelength ranges: 170-210 and 250-290 A. These wavelength regions contain a wealth of emission lines covering temperature regions from the chromosphere/transition region (e.g., He II, Si VII) up to flare temperatures (Fe XXIII, Fe XXIV). Of particular interest for understanding coronal heating is a line of Ca XVII at 192.858 A, formed near a temperature of 6 × 106 K. However, this line is blended with two Fe XI and six O V lines. In this paper we discuss a specific procedure to extract the Ca XVII line from the blend. We have performed this procedure on the raster data of five active regions (ARs) and a limb flare, and demonstrated that the Ca XVII line can be satisfactorily extracted from the blend if the Ca XVII flux contributes to at least ~10% of the blend. We show examples of the high-temperature corona depicted by the Ca XVII emission and find that the Ca XVII emission has three morphological features in these ARs: (1) "fat" medium-sized loops confined in a smaller space than the 1 million degree corona, (2) weaker, diffuse emission surrounding these loops that spread over the core of the AR, and (3) the locations of the strong Ca XVII loops are often weak in line emission formed from the 1 million degree plasma. We find that the emission measure ratio of the 6 million degree plasma relative to the cooler 1 million degree plasma in the core of the ARs, using the Ca XVII to Fe XI line intensity ratio as a proxy, can be as high as 10. Outside of the AR core where the 1 million degree loops are abundant, the ratio has an upper limit of about 0.5.
1127 Laparoscopy and video assisted thoracoscopy for interval debulking surgery in ovarian cancer

Introduction/Background* Minimal invasive surgery for interval debulking surgery for stage IV ovarian cancer - 52 years old - CT&MRI - 11 cm adnexal mass and peritoneal carcinomatosis - PET scan: - Left pleural effusion. - Increased pleural FDG uptake - Giant hypermetabolic adnexal mass Methodology Video recorded surgery Result(s)* Optimal cytorreduction after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusion* Minimally invasive surgery may be considered for the management of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Transferring Experience Through Team Teaching: The Chance of a Lifetime

While team teaching has its difficulties and is used relatively infrequently, research suggests potential benefits. An innovative team teaching approach was designed where faculty and industry professionals coordinate instruction and are in the classroom at the same time. Students associated this approach with greater depth of knowledge and a richer experience. There are costs associated with this team teaching approach, however the benefits to faculty in the form of enthusiasm, experience, and engagement transfers, combined with the value from incorporating industry, suggest that in the right circumstances team teaching is a viable and valuable format.
[17] Strategies for characterizing, cloning, and expressing soluble endopeptidases

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the strategies for characterizing, cloning, and expressing soluble endopeptidases. The cloning of the complementary DNA encoding an endopeptidase becomes a crucial step in explicating the role that the peptidase plays in nervous system function. Ultimately, elucidating the function and structure of one such protease can aid in understanding the regulation of neuropeptide function by these enzymes as a class. The peptidases can be targeted for pharmacological intervention through the use of specifically designed modulatory ligands, either agonistic or antagonistic. Examples using this rationale involve the development of inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus aspartic protease as a treatment for human immunodeficiency virus, inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, such as captopril, to treat hypertension, and inhibitors of enkephalinase as a treatment for congestive heart failure and as a nonaddictive analgesic.
Impact of RF front-end impairments and mobility on channel reciprocity for closed-loop multiple antenna techniques

We focus on multiple antennas TDD OFDM-based WLANs. In this context, we assume that channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter (closed-loop techniques). In TDD systems, it is commonly assumed that the propagation channel is reciprocal, i.e. the same on the up link (UL) and the down link (DL). This implies that the channel estimated on the UL might be used as CSI at the transmitter for DL transmission. However, the RF front-ends contribute to the channel experienced, and their imperfections might be inconsistent with the reciprocity assumption. Based on observed characteristics of actual components, a model for these imperfections is introduced in order to quantify their effect on the performance of closed-loop techniques based on channel reciprocity. Simulation results for the TxAA and transmit selection diversity (TSD) schemes are provided in the context of a multiple transmit multiple receive (MTMR) IEEE 802.11a WLAN system with 4 transmit and one receive antennas. The impact of the delay between UL and DL is also considered in a mobility scenario.
cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the 86-kDa subunit of the Ku antigen

Abstract The Ku antigen is a DNA-associated nuclear protein recognized by sera from patients with autoimmune diseases. It consists of two polypeptides of 86 and 70 kDa. cDNA clones encoding the 86-kDa subunit of the Ku antigen were isolated by probing lambda gt11 recombinant cDNA expression libraries with a monoclonal antibody specific for this protein. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA comprises 732 amino acids and corresponds to a protein with molecular weight of 81.914. Nineteen residues at the NH2 terminus determined by protein sequencing corresponded to the sequence deduced from the cDNA. The predicted amino acid sequence contains a region with repeating leucine residues similar to the "leucine zipper" structure observed in the c-myc, v-myc, and c-fos oncogene products. The largest cDNA hybridized to 2.7- and 3.4-kilobase poly(A)+ mRNAs from HeLa cells. The cDNA clones expressed fusion proteins immunoreactive with the monoclonal antibody and sera from patients with autoimmune diseases.
Qualitative Data: An Introduction to Coding and Analysis

Preface AcknowledgmentsPart I: Getting into Qualitative Research1. Introducing Qualitative Hypothesis-Generating Research: The Yeshiva University Fatherhood ProjectPart II: Planning Your First Research Study2. Designing Hypothesis-Generating Research: The Haitian Fathers Study3. Qualitative and Quantitative Research as Complementary Strategies Part III: Analyzing Your First Research Study4. Coding 1: The Basic Ideas 5. Coding 2: The Mechanics, Phase 1: Making the Text Manageable 6. Coding 2: The Mechanics, Phase 2: Hearing What Was Said 7. Coding 2: The Mechanics, Phase 3: Developing Theory 8. Convincing Other People: The Issues Formerly Known as Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability Part IV: Designing and Analyzing Your Next Research Study9. Designing Your Next Study Using Theoretical Sampling: The Promise Keeper Fathers 10. Analyzing Your Next Study Using Elaborative Coding: The Promise Keeper Fathers Part V: Final Thoughts11. The "Why" of Qualitative Research: A Personal View Appendix A: Simplifying the Bookkeeping with Qualitative Data Analysis Programs Appendix B: The Haitian Fathers Study Appendix C: The Promise Keepers Study References Index About the Authors
An Atlas of Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra

Ultraviolet stellar fluxes have been presented for 140 bright stars in the spectral region from 1200 A to 3600 A in a graphical and tabular form (A. D. Code and M. R. Meade, 1976). The spectra represent a subset of OAO–2 spectrometer data on file at the National Space Science Data Center. The monochromatic flux is given in units of ergs cm-2 sec-1 A-1 with a spectral resolution of about 22 Angstroms in the region from 3600 A to 1850 A and approximately 12 Angstroms from 1850 A to 1160 A.
DS-CDMA SIR estimation with bias removal [cellular system applications]

In direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, signal quality estimation is an important receiver function used for power control and rate adaptation. Signal quality is usually measured in terms of a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Typically, a short term signal power estimate and a long term interference power estimate are used. As a result, estimation error is mostly due to the short term signal power estimate. In this paper, we consider both subtractive and multiplicative forms of bias removal for SIR estimation, and show that multiplicative bias removal provides lower root-mean-square (rms) error. These bias removal forms are developed for a traditional SIR estimation approach that has been extended to account for interference correlation across Rake fingers due to receive filtering or dispersion. The extension provides an SIR estimation approach suitable for use in conjunction with generalized Rake reception, which also accounts for interference correlation.
Ties That Bind: The Link between Public Administration and Political Science

A century ago two fields, political science and public administration, were one. At the 1939 meeting of the American Political Science Association, public administration created its own professional organization, and the two fields' paths have since diverged. This presentation outlines the divergence, parallel paths, and convergence that link these fields. Methods and models of inquiry are discussed as they affect the influence of the fields on civil society.
Climate Change and Cloud Feedback: The Possible Radiative Effects of Latitudinal Redistribution.

Abstract The sensitivity of outgoing longwave flux to changes in cloud cover (∂F/∂Ac) as defined by Cess (1976) must be evaluated carefully to avoid discrepancies arising from the interchange of averaging conventions. In a recent zonal atmospheric model experiment the global value of ∂F/∂Ac was different in sign than in other calculations. This difference in behavior was traced to a latitudinal redistribution of cloud amount and height that occurred in the doubled CO2 experiment. However, when ∂F/∂Ac was evaluated at individual latitudes and then weighted globally, the value of this parameter was consistent with those found by Cess (1976) and Budyko (1974).
Reconsidering 1911: Lessons of a sudden revolution

The year 1911 launched China on a century of revolution and ended one of the most successful dynasties in Chinese history, the Qing. The New Policy reforms of the late Qing were remarkably successful in transforming China into a modern state. They failed only at the end, because of the ill-advised power-centralizing policies of the regent Zaifeng. Zaifeng's policies focused opposition on the Manchu ruling family and created the conditions for a sudden revolution in 1911. Understanding the 1911 Revolution requires more focus on the revolutionary milieu of 1911 that brought China to its tipping point. As a sudden revolution, China in 1911 is more similar to France in 1789, Russia in 1917, or Egypt in 2011 than it is to the subsequent revolutions of the Nationalist and Communist parties. Our analysis requires more attention to all the political forces that allied to overturn Manchu rule but could not maintain that unity to establish effective republican institutions.
What Mindedness Is

Recent advances in theoretical cognitive science can be fruitfully characterized as part of the ongoing attempt to come to grips with the very idea of homo sapiens—an entity at once biological and intelligent—and among the more striking developments has been the emergence of a philosophical anthropology that, contra Descartes and his thinking thing, instead puts doing at the center of human being. This shift to a more “enactive” understanding of human nature is owed proximally to the work of Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, but also has clear precursors in such figures as William James and Hegel—and more specifically Marx and Marxist interpreters of Hegel such as Kojeve. Naturally, Darwin must be considered as central as any philosopher, and many of the recent developments also echo the Aristotelian sense that being-at-work is the primary way of being anything at all.
Arachidonic acid inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in human T cells

Abstract The data on whether T cells produce leukotrienes or other 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid is conflicting. We report that exogenous arachidonic acid added to phytohemagglutin-stimulated human T cells profoundly inhibits leukotriene B4 production, with 90% inhibition caused by 10 −6 M arachidonic acid. The 12-and 15-lipoxygenase pathways were also inhibited by arachidonic acid. Recent reports that human T cells produce no 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid might be explained by the fact that the studies used ≥ 10 −5 M arachidonic acid in the incubation media.
Interface Controlled Amorphization of Crystalline Ni/Ti Multilayers

Solid-State Amorphization (SSA) of crystalline interfaces is observed in the Ni/Ti multilayer system. The amorphization reaction nucleates at location(s) of crystallographic disorder, i.e. the multilayer interfaces. Microstructural analyses reveal the sputter-deposited growth structure to be epitaxial with semi-coherent interfaces. Strain energy originating from interface lattice distortions varies as a function of the multilayer repeat spacing. Therefore, the interfacial energy effects the onset conditions for SSA. Differential thermal analysis is used to measure the critical temperature T{sub c}, to the nucleation of the SSA, which is found to vary with the Ni/Ti multilayer pair spacing.
Accurate ab initio potential energy surface, thermochemistry, and dynamics of the Cl(2P, 2P3/2) + CH4 → HCl + CH3 and H + CH3Cl reactions

We report a high-quality, ab initio, full-dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for the Cl(2P, 2P3/2) + CH4 reaction, which describes both the abstraction (HCl + CH3) and substitution (H + CH3Cl) channels. The analytical PES is a least-squares fit, using a basis of permutationally invariant polynomials, to roughly 16 000 ab initio energy points, obtained by an efficient composite method, including counterpoise and spin-orbit corrections for the entrance channel. This composite method is shown to provide accuracy almost equal to all-electron CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pCVQZ results, but at much lower computational cost. Details of the PES, as well as additional high-level benchmark characterization of structures and energetics are reported. The PES has classical barrier heights of 2650 and 15 060 cm−1 (relative to Cl(2P3/2) + CH4(eq)), respectively, for the abstraction and substitution reactions, in good agreement with the corresponding new computed benchmark values, 2670 and 14 720 cm−1. The PES also accu...
A general constitutive theory for linear and nonlinear particulate media with microstructure evolution

Abstract This work is concerned with the development of a constitutive theory for composite materials with particulate microstructures, which is capable of predicting, approximately, the evolution of the microstructure and its influence on the effective response of composites under general three-dimensional finitestrain loading conditions, such as those present in metal-forming operations. In its present form, the theory is general enough to be used for linearly viscous, nonlinearly viscous and perfectly plastic composites with randomly oriented and distributed ellipsoidal inclusions (or pores), which, in the most general case, can change size, shape and orientation. In addition, the “shape” and “orientation” of their center-to-center statistical distribution functions can also evolve with the deformation. To illustrate the key features of the new theory in the context of a simple example, an application is carried out for plane-strain loading of two-phase systems consisting of random distributions of aligned rigid particles in a power-law matrix phase. The results show that the evolution of the relevant microstructural variables, as well as the effective response, depend in a complex fashion on the initial state of the microstructure, as well as on the specific boundary conditions. In particular, it is found that the changes in orientation of the particles provide a mechanism analogous to “geometric softening” in ductile single crystals, which can lead to significant changes in the instantaneous hardening rate of the composite. This is shown to have important consequences for the possible onset of shear localization in the composite.
Energetics, physiology and vertebrate ecology

The magnitude of energy flow through individual animals and their populations is potentially limited by several physiological factors. These include thermal constraints affecting the time available for foraging, physiological design constraints affecting foraging mode and the rate of prey capture, and digestive constraints on how much food can be processed per day. Over short periods (hours or less), maximal rates of metabolism may determine survival during exposure to cold or when fleeing predators. Energetics, physiology and ecology can be usefully integrated within the context of the concept of maximum rate of energy flow.
Return to the Moon: Viable?

The question of when the United States would again place man on the moon was the emphasis of three special sessions at the Fourteenth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston, Texas, last month. There was a hint of credibility to these discussions after an opening address by Hans Mark, Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Mark noted that the technology exists to build a space station on the moon and to operate it for a reasonable cost. He noted the scientific advantages, some of which involved obtaining more ‘ground truth’ on the moon to form a basis for studies of the solar system. He also touched upon interest in the earth-moon system.
Optimization and precise exceptions in dynamic compilation

Maintaining precise exceptions is an important aspect of achieving full compatibility with a legacy architecture. While asynchronous exceptions can be deferred to an appropriate boundary in the code, synchronous exceptions must be taken when they occur. This introduces uncertainty into liveness analysis since processor state that is otherwise dead may be exposed when an exception handler is invoked. Previous systems either had to sacrifice full compatibility to achieve more freedom to perform optimization, use less aggressive optimization or rely on hardware support.In this work, we demonstrate how aggressive optimization can be used in conjunction with dynamic compilation without the need for specialized hardware. The approach is based on maintaining enough state to recompute the processor state when an unpredicted event such as a synchronous exception may make otherwise dead processor state visible. The transformations necessary to preserve precise exception capability can be performed in linear time.
Fabrication and testing of a large active primary reflector structure

This paper discusses the fabrication considerations and proposed testing concepts for a twelve meter, graphite-epoxy space truss that is being developed to provide structural support for the primary mirror system of the SpacE Laser ENErgy (SELENE) Beam Transmission Optical System (BTOS). A general description of the mirror support configuration is presented. Specific issues which are addressed include low-cost fabrication techniques utilized in the support structure. Later, a description of the dynamic testing program for the entire active primary mirror system is outlined.
Information processing in nanoscale arrays: DNA assembly, molecular devices, nano-array architectures

Arrays of simple, nanoscale components are promising for future information processing circuitry. Large arrays could provide high functionality by exploiting the nonlinear dynamics of locally connected components, while circumventing nanoscale power dissipation and interconnect limits. To realize such a paradigm shift, however, many new physical design and system-level issues must be addressed. Here, I will describe 1) results on DNA-directed assembly of components in 2D arrays, 2) the search for electrically active molecular components and 3) schemes for information processing in arrays of simple nanoscale components.
A nurse-computer assisted preoperative anesthesia management system.

Abstract The digital computer has the potential for valuable support in the field of clinical medicine. Ten patients for elective surgery were interviewed and examined by a certified registered nurse anesthetist aided by a digital computer. Described is the logical design and construction of a computer assisted preoperative anesthesia management system using a series of experimental computer programs (Clinical Decision Support System) developed by IBM. The system consists of a device for gathering and storing patient data and also a system for making logical decisions from this data. Using this data, decisions were made by the computer. This evaluation was compared to the standard physician gathered data. Results indicate that the nurse-computer combination was superior to the physician's in the gathering and recording of patient data. The nurse-computer system also generated more decisions of potential use to the attending anesthesiologist. Program revision was undertaken on the basis of this data to improve the system.
Oxygen concentration regulates 5-azacytidine-induced myogenesis in C3H/10T1/2 cultures

This study reports that changing the oxygen concentration within a physiologic range has a striking effect on myogenesis induced by the cytidine analog 5-azacytidine. Reducing oxygen from 20% to 2.5% increases 7-fold the number of myocytes that appear in cultures of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells 10 days after they receive a 24-h exposure to 5-azacytidine. Reducing oxygen does not alter the extent to which a 24-h exposure to 5-azacytidine inhibits cytosine methylation in newly synthesized DNA. Instead, the oxygen-sensitive step in myogenesis occurs after 5-azacytidine is removed from the culture medium. Reducing oxygen increases the rate of logarithmic growth in C3H/10T1/2 cultures after 5-azacytidine exposure, suggesting that survival and proliferation of myocyte stem cells (morphologically indistinguishable from uncommitted C3H/10T1/2 cells) may be the oxygen-sensitive steps in myogenesis.
No effect of environmental acidity on the ether glycerophospholipids of crayfish gills

Abstract 1. Gills of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii were rich in ether glycerophospholipids (about 35% of total phospholipids). 1'-Alkenyl ethers were more abundant than alkyl ethers in the gill phospholipids. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine was the principal plasmalogen. 2. There were no significant changes in the proportions of the different classes of phospholipids (diacyl, alkyl or alkenyl forms) in the gill lipids of animals acclimated in the laboratory to low pH (4.0–4.5). Although gill membranes are rich in plasmalogens they are relatively stable in a low pH environment. 3. No significant changes in the carbon chains of the ether moieties of alkylglycerols or 1'-alkenylglycerols were detected in gills exposed in vivo to low pH.
Posterior subcapsular cataracts in corticosteroid-treated children.

The occurrence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in 8 of 15 children being treatedwith corticosteroids has been observed. Children with similar disorders who received therapy for lesser periods of time or who did not receive steroids did not have lenticular changes. These changes may represent a threat to vision; their course is not understood.
Evaluation of Athletic Training Students' Clinical Proficiencies

Abstract Context: Appropriate methods for evaluating clinical proficiencies are essential in ensuring entry-level competence. Objective: To investigate the common methods athletic training educatio...
InAs quantum-dot intersubband optical amplifier

A coupled quantum dot intersubband optical amplifier structure is reported. InGaAsP/GaAs supperlattice is used to effectively generate population inversion between the excited states and the ground state of the QD. Due to the three-dimensional quantum confinement, normal incidence optical amplification with low threshold current density can be expected. Such an intersubband optical amplifier is promising for highly-sensitive middle infrared (MWIR) and longwave infrared sensing and imaging.
A framework of whole heart extracellular volume fraction estimation for low dose cardiac CT images

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) has been well validated and allows quantification of myocardial fibrosis in comparison to overall mass of the myocardium. Unfortunately, CMRI is relatively expensive and is contraindicated in patients with intracardiac devices. Cardiac CT (CCT) is widely available and has been validated for detection of scar and myocardial stress/rest perfusion. In this paper, we sought to evaluate the potential of low dose CCT for the measurement of myocardial whole heart extracellular volume (ECV) fraction. A novel framework was proposed for CCT whole heart ECV estimation, which consists of three main steps. First, a shape constrained graph cut (GC) method was proposed for myocardium and blood pool segmentation for post-contrast image. Second, the symmetric Demons deformable registrations method was applied to register pre-contrast to post-contrast images. Finally, the whole heart ECV value was computed. The proposed method was tested on 7 clinical low dose CCT datasets with pre-contrast and post-contrast images. The preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Generalized gouy-chapman potential of charged phospholipid membranes with divalent cations

An exact result for the electrostatic potential of a phospholipid membrane modeled by a fixed charge sheet and diffuse double layer of the Gouy-Chapman theory is given. The dependence of the potential with distance is expressed in simple form for positive divalent ions (alkaline earth cations) added to monovalent cations and anions in the bathing solution. The result has applications in the study of the effect of divalent cations on nerve or muscle excitation and on the formation of blood clots.
Current Pathways in High-Voltage Injuries

Studies were done in the hog with limb-to-limb contacts at potentials up to 2000 V. The current density in nerve, vessels, muscle, bone, fat, lungs, heart, kidney, liver, intestines, and spinal cord were determined. The current densities in the leg are largest in nerve and artery, followed by muscle, fat, and bone. The temperature was greatest in fat and nerve. With forelimb-to-hindlimb current application, the current densities were largest in the back region. The spinal cord current density was approximately twice the average cross-sectional value.
Activation of Neurons in the Rat Medulla Following a Gag Reflex Stimulus

Despite the fact that a number of individuals present with a hypersensitive gag reflex, research in this area has been limited to clinical applications. An animal model that describes the neurologic underpinnings of the gag reflex has not been reported. Thus, the objective of the current study was to localize activated neurons in the rat medulla and to investigate their neurochemistry following mechanostimulation to the posterior pharyngeal wall eliciting a gag reflex response. Activated neurons, determined using c-fos immunohistochemistry, were observed in subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and motor regions such as dorsal motor vagus, hypoglossal, and nucleus ambiguus. The lateral and dorsal paragigantocellular nuclei and the medial rostral ventrolateral nucleus involved in bitter taste processing, also showed robust activation. Tyrosine hydroxylase and/or choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity was localized in many activated neurons. The results of the present study provide the first documentation of activated neurons and preliminary neurochemistry in brainstem nuclei that are unique to mechanostimulation to the posterior pharyngeal wall. Our results support postulated medullary structures involved with the gag reflex and propose new regions to be added to the circuitry model. Further, our results reveal an activation pattern within the NTS unique to the gag reflex.
Preliminary design and manufacturing planning integration using web-based intelligent agents

Software agents have been increasingly used in the product and process development in industry over the past years due to the rapid evolvement of the Internet technology. This paper describes agents for the integration of conceptual design and process planning. Agents provide mechanisms to interact with each other. This mechanism is important since both of those processes involve negotiations for optimization. A set of design and planning software agents has been developed. These agents are used in a computer-based collaborative environment, called a multi-agent platform. The main purpose of developing such a platform is to support product preliminary design, optimize product form and structure, and reduce the manufacturing cost in the early design stage. The agents on the platform have access to a knowledge base that contains design and planning rules. These rules are derived from an analysis of design factors that influence process and resource planning, such as product material, form, shape complexity, features, dimension, tolerance, surface condition, production volume, and production rate. These rules are used by process planning agents to provide process planners with information regarding selecting preliminary manufacturing processes, determining manufacturing resources, and constructing feedback information to product designers. Additionally, the agents communicate with WEB servers, and they are accessible by users through Internet browsers. During performing design and planning tasks, agents access the data pertinent to design and manufacturing processes by the programming interfaces of existing computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing system. The agents are supported by a developed prototype agent platform. The agents and the platform enable the information exchange among agents, based on a previously developed integrated design and manufacturing process object model.