cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE FUTURE OF THE AUTOMOBILE

I am honored to have been asked to participate in this conference on Transportation for the Future, especially during this year marking the 350th anniversary of the first Swedish settlement in America. Recently I was able to attend a conference in Detroit commemorating this anniversary. This conference was titled “Sweden Works: Industry in Transition”. The purpose of the Sweden Works conference was to describe lessons that Swedish industry (and especially the Swedish automotive industry) can teach U.S. industry (especially the U.S. automotive industry). Major presentations were made by members of top management of Volvo, Saab and the new Volvo-GMC heavy truck joint venture. These presentations made a convincing case that General Motors — and, indeed, the rest of U.S. industry — can learn a great deal from Sweden’s accomplishments.
Experimental Validation of On-Site Coding Digital Beamformer With Ultra-Wideband Antenna Arrays

Digital beamformers combined with ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are essential for realizing cognitive and software defined radios. Concurrently, advances in digital technology and signal processing have drastically reduced digital beamforming complexity. Recently, a novel on-site coding receiver (OSCR) architecture was proposed to significantly reduce hardware requirement for digital beamforming. Using OSCR, the signal from each antenna element is encoded, then several of these signals are grouped and digitized using a single analog-to-digital converter. Doing so, hardware requirements are drastically reduced. At the digital back-end, field programmable gate arrays are used to decorrelate and recover the signals associated with each array element for beamforming. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the OSCR concept by building and testing a multichannel receiver using commercial-off-the-shelf components. Various test bench measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber using an UWB antenna array operating from 200 MHz–2.5 GHz, and data were collected at multiple frequencies. Results show an accurate estimate of the angle of arrival for incidence angles of $\theta _{s} = 0^{\circ }$ , 15°, 30°, and 45° away from broadside. It is verified that on-site coding has minimal or no degradation in signal-to-noise ratio.
Energy levels in 23 Mg from the 25 Mg(p, t) 23 Mg reaction

Angular distributions of the $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,t)^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction have been measured at 40 MeV bombarding energy. An energy resolution of 10-15 keV permitted the observation of about 40 new levels in $^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ up to 9.72 MeV of excitation. Unambiguous spin and parity assignments of ${5/2}^{+}$ are made to the levels at 0.045(3), 5.662(8), 6.566(8), 6.899(5), 6.982(5), 7.582(6), 7.795(6), and 8.155(6) MeV on the basis of an $L=0$ admixture in the angular distributions. Values of the orbital angular momentum $L$ transferred to several states have been deduced. Microscopic distorted-wave Born approximation calculations for the transitions to the first eight ${5/2}^{+}$ states have been performed using spectroscopic amplitudes from recent shell model calculations and are compared to the experimental data.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(p,t)$, ${E}_{P}$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{t},\ensuremath{\theta})$. $^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ deduced levels, $L$, ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$. DWBA analysis. Enriched target.]
Attentional focus affects how events are segmented and updated in narrative reading.

Readers generate situation models representing described events, but the nature of these representations may differ depending on the reading goals. We assessed whether instructions to pay attention to different situational dimensions affect how individuals structure their situation models (Exp. 1) and how they update these models when situations change (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, participants read and segmented narrative texts into events. Some readers were oriented to pay specific attention to characters or space. Sentences containing character or spatial-location changes were perceived as event boundaries—particularly if the reader was oriented to characters or space, respectively. In Experiment 2, participants read narratives and responded to recognition probes throughout the texts. Readers who were oriented to the spatial dimension were more likely to update their situation models at spatial changes; all readers tracked the character dimension. The results from both experiments indicated that attention to individual situational dimensions influences how readers segment and update their situation models. More broadly, the results provide evidence for a global situation model updating mechanism that serves to set up new models at important narrative changes.
Realistic Random Direction Mobility

The analytical model of the realistic random direction mobility model is described along with location-dependent parameterization . In addition, the modified random direction model is explained. The description how different mobility parameters of both RMD and MRD can be tuned to obtain the optimal performance based on real world of the MANET is provided. The results are presented comparing performances of RDM, MRD, and RWP mobility model.
Ligase chain reaction assay of urine was sensitive for detecting chlamydial infection of the genital tract in women

Source Citation Lee HH, Chernesky MA, Schachter J, et al. Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis genitourinary infection in women by ligase chain reaction assay of urine. Lancet. 1995 Jan 28;345:213-6.
Human niche, human behaviour, human nature

The concept of a 'human nature' or 'human natures' retains a central role in theorizing about the human experience. In Homo sapiens it is clear that we have a suite of capacities generated via our evolutionary past, and present, and a flexible capacity to create and sustain particular kinds of cultures and to be shaped by them. Regardless of whether we label these capacities 'human natures' or not, humans occupy a distinctive niche and an evolutionary approach to examining it is critical. At present we are faced with a few different narratives as to exactly what such an evolutionary approach entails. There is a need for a robust and dynamic theoretical toolkit in order to develop a richer, and more nuanced, understanding of the cognitively sophisticated genus Homo and the diverse sorts of niches humans constructed and occupied across the Pleistocene, Holocene, and into the Anthropocene. Here I review current evolutionary approaches to 'human nature', arguing that we benefit from re-framing our investigations via the concept of the human niche and in the context of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). While not a replacement of standard evolutionary approaches, this is an expansion and enhancement of our toolkit. I offer brief examples from human evolution in support of these assertions.
Predicting Patient Treatment Deferrals at an Outpatient Chemotherapy Infusion Center: A Statistical Approach

PurposePatients scheduled for outpatient infusion sometimes may be deferred for treatment after arriving for their appointment. This can be the result of a secondary illness, not meeting required bloodwork counts, or other medical complications. The ability to generate high-quality predictions of patient deferrals can be highly valuable in managing clinical operations, such as scheduling patients, determining which drugs to make before patients arrive, and establishing the proper staffing for a given day.MethodsIn collaboration with the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, we have developed a predictive model that uses patient-specific data to estimate the probability that a patient will defer or not show for treatment on a given day. This model incorporates demographic, treatment protocol, and prior appointment history data. We tested a wide range of predictive models including logistic regression, tree-based methods, neural networks, and various ensemble models. We then compared the perfo...
Real Estate Investing After the Fall

The topic of real estate investing has made worldwide headlines in recent years in both good and bad ways. During the economic expansion years from 2002 to 2007, real estate investment received much good press from everyone from government officials encouraging real estate ownership, to central banks encouraging bank lending via low interest rates, to various financial institutions offering ever more risky loan options, to investors who were seeking as much of a loan as they could possibly obtain while interest rates were low and while lending appetite was strong. We like to call this period of time the Yes Era of commercial and investment banking. Everyone was a winner, everyone got a trophy, and everyone it seems, got a loan.
Greimas, Law, Discourse and Interpretative Squares: The Precursor De Saussure

The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) and the Lithuanian linguist Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917–1992) are proposed here: the latter as the second godfather of semiotics. Saussure made clear how structural properties of a language sustain its social functions—an important issue for legal semiotics. His famous differentiation of langue and parole plays a role here. The arbitrariness of signs is a further issue of importance.Both are leading ideas in Greimas’ differentiation between surface- and deep structures of text and language in general.Lawyers, who are so much focusing on words and language, should be aware of those specificities. All these differentiations are a matter of contrast, and contrasts (indeed such as black and white, positive and negative) determine the meanings of linguistic expressions. So, often-concealed opposed meanings can be represented in square structures, which are an excellent medium of analysis of texts and other linguistic articulations. Greimas’ analysis of a specific legal discourse exemplifies that approach. The qualification of legal discourse as ‘legal’ implies the discursive organization of specific elements, in particular of acknowledged and institutionalized legal speech acts. The significance of text structure and square notation for practicing lawyers is theme of this chapter.
ELECTRODEPOSITED MAGNETIC FILMS: A CRITICAL SURVEY

–A short history of electrodeposited magnetic films is presented from the early work at the turn of the century to the latest reported work in hypophosphite ion containing solutions. A short summary of magnetic terms and a preliminary look at the electroless deposition of magnetic films is also included.
Climate, history, and culture in the United States

Although research in the field has faced obstacles, there is now a recognizable body of scholarship on climate in United States history and culture. This literature makes significant contributions to regional and national historiographies and to contemporary climate change issues. Most paleoclimate, historical, and archeological research pertaining to climate variability and impacts has focused on Native American histories and on the early colonial period, when European settlements were most vulnerable. Nevertheless, scholars have also investigated diverse ways in which regional climate differences and, above all, perceptions about American climates have shaped the modern history of the country. Research on climate and culture could make particularly significant contributions to topics such as Southern racism and slavery, Western migration and agriculture, and the rise of American suburbs. This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): History, limitations and what to expect from micro-scale FISH?

Abstract In this article, we review an important cytogenetic technique - fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - which is used for obtaining spatial genomic and transcriptomic information. FISH is widely utilized in genomic and cell biological research as well as for diagnostic applications in preventive and reproductive medicine, and oncology. It is the gold standard technique for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Despite the high specificity of FISH and the possibility of direct quantitative imaging, some of its key limitations prevent its regular use in diagnostics. To promote the extensive use of FISH for these applications, limitations in assay time and probe consumption will need to be addressed. Microfluidic technologies hold great promise in improving exactly these parameters. In the past two decades, microtechnology has matured and enabled a new line of analysis tools for biomedical and chemical sciences. Incidentally, the convergence of microtechnology with microfluidics is starting to have a decisive impact in the field of medical diagnostics. By miniaturizing implementations of diagnostic assays, the special characteristics of fluid flow in small volumes can be leveraged to modify reaction kinetics and thus reagent delivery time of assays. Here we highlight selected important historical views on FISH, review its current implementations, and provide a perspective on the future developments and the micro-scale implementations of FISH.
Prevention of Abdominal Wall Hernias

Incisional hernias continue to be a major complication of abdominal wall surgery. Their implications are multifactorial, affecting patients’ quality of life, increasing costs to the patients and healthcare facilities, and increasing patient morbidity with the need to undergo another surgical procedure. A major effort is underway to better understand factors affecting incisional hernia formation and the surgeon’s role in helping to prevent their occurrence. Although many risk factors related to the development of incisional hernias are non-modifiable, there are several ways a surgeon can have impact including choice of incision and closure techniques. In this chapter, we review the many factors contributing to incisional hernia formation and suggest prevention strategies specifically related to laparotomy closure techniques and the use of prophylactic mesh augmentation. It is paramount that surgeons operating on the abdominal wall are familiar with current strategies and evidence-based techniques for closure if we are to have an impact on the formation of incisional hernias.
Wireless Adaptive Video Streaming with Edge Cloud

Wireless data traffic, especially video traffic, continues to increase at a rapid rate. Innovative network architectures and protocols are needed to improve the efficiency of data delivery and the quality of experience (QoE) of mobile users. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a new paradigm that integrates computing capabilities at the edge of the wireless network. This paper presents a computation-capable and programmable wireless access network architecture to enable more efficient and robust video content delivery based on the MEC concept. It incorporates in-network data processing and communications under a unified software-defined networking platform. To address the multiple resource management challenges that arise in exploiting such integration, we propose a framework to optimize the QoE for multiple video streams, subject to wireless transmission capacity and in-network computation constraints. We then propose two simplified algorithms for resource allocation. The evaluation results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithms for the optimization of video content delivery.
Seizure Semiology of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses seizure semiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The main features of temporal lobe seizures include loss of consciousness, unresponsiveness, amnesia, and automatisms. The characteristic loss of consciousness is used to classify partial seizures into those associated with or without loss of consciousness. Complex partial seizures by definition are associated with partial or complete loss. In order to determine unresponsiveness, the inability to respond to external stimuli, the patient is tested during and after the seizure. Automatisms are complex behaviors that resemble normal body movements. They become noticeable during complex partial seizures because of their stereotyped nature and are usually accompanied by alteration of consciousness and subsequent amnesia. Statistical methods are used to examine seizures arising from the mesial-lateral temporal lobes as well as the frontal lobes, selecting only those patients who became seizure free following a focal resection. Seizures arising from the lateral temporal lobe onset are said to show auditory, vestibular, or complex visual hallucinations, receptive aphasia, and focal motor-sensory manifestations. It is found that patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy have characteristic auras and exhibit stereotyped automatisms and motor phenomena that aid in differentiating them from seizures arising from other locations.
Paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinomas (PNSSCC) incidence and survival trends.

5570 Background: PNSSCC are rare, accounting for 3 percent of all head and neck malignancies. They generally present with local invasion and have a high rate of local recurrence. There has been lit...
Beyond the Lab: Influencing Practice and Policy:

In this article, the authors describe over 20 years of work with Ellen Winner at Project Zero, a research and development group at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. This included a cross-ar...
Creating benchmark measurements of tropical forest bird communities in large plots

An understanding of how tropical bird communities might respond to climate change and other types of environmental stressors seems particularly urgent, yet we still lack, except for a few sites, even snapshot inventories of avian richness and abundances across most of the tropics. Such benchmark measurements of tropical bird species richness and abundances could provide opportunities for future repeat surveys and, therefore, strong insight into degrees and pace of change in community organization over time. The challenges of creating a network of benchmarked sites include high variation in detectability among species, general rarity of many species that creates hurdles for use of modern bird counting methods aimed at controlling for variation in detectability, and lack of a standardized protocol to create repeatable inventories. We argue that reasonably complete inventories of tropical bird communities require use of multiple survey techniques to provide internal calibrations of abundance estimates and require multiple visits to improve completeness of richness inventories. We suggest that a network of large (50–100 ha) plots scattered across the tropics can also provide insights into geographic variation in and drivers of avian community structure analogous to insights provided by the Smithsonian Center for Tropical Forest Science Forest Global Earth Observatory network of forest dynamics plots. Perhaps most importantly, large plots provide opportunities for use of multiple survey techniques to estimate abundances while also using some exactly repeatable survey techniques that can greatly improve abilities to quantify change over time. We provide guidance on establishment of and survey methods for large tropical bird plots as well as important recommendations for collection and archiving of metadata to safeguard the long-term utility of valuable benchmark data.
What happens when we forget our own narrative: Transgender dementia case study.

Objective: Neuropsychological evaluations in a geriatric population have an assortment of challenges due to increased risk in the population for chronic/acute medical conditions, varied psychiatric...
A comparison of subgaleal versus subperiosteal dissection in open cranial vault expansion for sagittal craniosynostosis.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical outcomes for patients with sagittal craniosynostosis undergoing open cranial vault remodeling with a modified pi procedure comparing subgaleal versus subperiosteal dissection. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for children between the ages of 3 and 7 months with sagittal craniosynostosis undergoing open cranial vault expansion at Seattle Children's Hospital. Patient demographics, operative variables, and postoperative outcomes including the surface area of bony cranial defects at 2-year follow-up were evaluated. Results Over a 3-year period, 35 patients between the ages of 3 and 7 months underwent surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis using our institutional adaptation of the modified pi technique. Twenty-five patients underwent exposure via a subgaleal (SG) approach, 10 patients had a subpericranial (SP) exposure. Compared with the SP group, the SG group had significant lower estimated blood loss and a shorter operating time (P Conclusions Open posterior and middle cranial vault expansion is a safe and efficient method of open cranial vault expansion in sagittal craniosynostosis regardless of the plane of dissection. Elevation of the scalp flaps in the SG plane is a minor technical modification that can reduce blood loss and operative times.
Beyond Diversity: Envisioning Inclusion in Medical Education Research and Practice

This commentary examines the publications in Teaching and Learning in Medicine's Issue 32(5) from the perspectives of Black, female medical trainees. Its purpose is to demonstrate how including diverse perspectives in general medical education scholarship could prompt reconsideration of basic concepts and the development of richer, more nuanced, and practicable understanding of who medical learners are. An inclusive concept of medical education is a first step toward "culturally responsive universal design for learning," an approach to educational design that views barriers to learning as a systems problem, recognizes racism as a learning barrier, and offers learners multiple means to achieve academic success. Augmenting studies that explicitly target the experiences of trainees and faculty from marginalized racial groups, this commentary aims to establish a vision for what to do educationally with the knowledge that people bring diverse backgrounds and perspectives to their learning.
Covering Test Holes of Functional Broadside Tests

Functional broadside tests were developed to avoid overtesting of delay faults. The tests achieve this goal by creating functional operation conditions during their functional capture cycles. To increase the achievable fault coverage, close-to-functional scan-based tests are allowed to deviate from functional operation conditions. This article suggests that a more comprehensive functional broadside test set can be obtained by replacing target faults that cannot be detected with faults that have similar (but not identical) detection conditions. A more comprehensive functional broadside test set has the advantage that it still maintains functional operation conditions. It covers the test holes created when target faults cannot be detected by detecting similar faults. The article considers the case where the target faults are transition faults. When a standard transition fault, with an extra delay of a single clock cycle, cannot be detected, an unspecified transition fault is used instead. An unspecified transition fault captures the behaviors of transition faults with different extra delays. When this fault cannot be detected, a stuck-at fault is used instead. A stuck-at fault has some of the detection conditions of a transition fault. Multicycle functional broadside tests are used to allow unspecified transition faults to be detected. As a by-product, test compaction also occurs. The structure of the test generation procedure accommodates the complexity of producing functional broadside tests by considering the target as well as replacement faults together. Experimental results for benchmark circuits demonstrate the fault coverage improvements achieved, and the effect on the number of tests.
The US is replacing its historical federalist

There exists an acute need for an unambiguous objectively measurable emergency scale to facilitate communication and mutual understanding of the nature of any emergency, by the public and government agencies. A review of existing emergency scales and their potential indicates no one scale can accurately describe all emergencies. Our research solicits ideas for such a scale using a modified Delphi process followed by a survey. The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding on how the public understands emergency scales and anticipate response for emergency events. The contribution of this research is to identify a set of fundamental dimensions for a measurable emergency scale, derived from the Delphi process outcomes. We also present preliminary findings from the survey developed from the results of the Delphi process.
Comprehensive Luminescence Models for Quartz

This chapter presents several empirical comprehensive models that were developed in order to explain complex luminescence mechanisms and phenomena in quartz. We show detailed R codes for the Baiiley2001 and the Pagonis2008 quartz models, by using the R programs KMS developed by Peng and Pagonis, and also using the R package RlumModel by Friedrich et al. We show how to simulate the history of natural quartz samples, and how to modify the models by changing one or more of the original model parameters. R codes are provided for studying the phenomena of thermal quenching, for simulating the dose response of TL and OSL signals and also for the superlinear dose response in quartz. We show how to simulate the important phenomena of phototransfer, predose effect and thermal transfer of holes, pulse annealing, and the SAR protocol in quartz. This chapter concludes with several examples from the extensive R package RLumModel.
Management of Recurrent Acute Otitis Media.

Acute otitis media is one of the most common indications for both seeking medical care and prescribing antibiotics for children.1 The disorder is attributable to eustachian-tube dysfunction, which ...
Omnify: investigating the visibility and effectiveness of copyright monitors

The arms race between copyright agencies and P2P users is an ongoing and evolving struggle. On the one hand, content providers are using several techniques to stealthily find unauthorized distribution of copyrighted work in order to deal with the problem of Internet piracy. On the other hand, P2P users are relying increasingly on blacklists and anonymization methods in order to avoid detection. In this work, we propose a number of techniques to reveal copyright monitors' current approaches and evaluate their effectiveness. We apply these techniques on data we collected from more than 2.75 million BitTorrent swarms containing 71 million IP addresses. We provide strong evidence that certain nodes are indeed copyright monitors, show that monitoring is a world-wide phenomenon, and devise a methodology for generating blacklists for paranoid and conservative P2P users.
Understanding Hoarding Behavior Among Older Adults

Abstract Hoarding behavior is an unrecognized but increasing problem among older adults that seriously threatens the quality of their daily lives. This study describes four hoarding cases; how each was identified, processed and resolved. Written records and interviews were obtained from Adult Protective Services, Office of the Public Guardian and city Police Department. Two cases were single women, one was a single man and one a married couple. Both single women were relocated to independent subsidized housing. The single man was placed under guardianship of the state but died at a local hospital. The couple's home had to be destroyed, and they were placed in a nursing home by a court order. Recommendations are made for earlier identification, intervention, treatment, potential prevention and more effective communication between service agencies.
Airblue: a highly-configurable fpga-based platform for wireless network research

Over the past few years, researchers have developed many cross-layer wireless protocols to improve the performance of wireless networks. Experimental evaluations of these protocols require both high-speed simulations and real-time on-air experimentations. Unfortunately, radios implemented in pure software are usually inadequate for either because they are typically two to three orders of magnitude slower than commodity hardware. FPGA-based platforms provide much better speeds but are quite difficult to modify because of the way high-speed designs are typically implemented by trading modularity for performance. Experimenting with cross-layer protocols requires a flexible way to convey information beyond the data itself from lower to higher layers, and a way for higher layers to configure lower layers dynamically and within some latency bounds. One also needs to be able to modify a layer's processing pipeline without triggering a cascade of changes. In this thesis, we discuss an alternative approach to implement a high-performance yet configurable radio design on an FPGA platform that satisfies these requirements. We propose that all modules in the design must possess two important design properties, namely latency-insensitivity and data-driven control, which facilitate modular refinements. We have developed Airblue, an FPGA-based radio, that has all these properties and runs at speeds comparable to commodity hardware. Our baseline design is 802.11g compliant and is able to achieve reliable communication for bit rates up to 24 Mbps. We show in the thesis that we can implement SoftRate, a cross-layer rate adaptation protocol, by modifying only 5.6% of the source code (967 lines). We also show that our modular design approach allows us to abstract the details of the FPGA platform from the main design, thus making the design portable across multiple FPGA platforms. By taking advantage of this virtualization capability, we were able to turn Airblue into a high-speed hardware software co-simulator with simulation speed beyond 20 Mbps. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization with Agents Other than G-CSF

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor mobilization has revolutionized the field of hematopoietic transplantation. Currently, hematopoietic grafts acquired from the peripheral blood of patients or donors treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are the preferred source for transplantation. G-CSF mobilization regimens, however, are associated with known morbidities and a significant number of normal donors and patient populations fail to mobilize sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for transplantation, necessitating the need for non-G-CSF mobilization strategies. Mechanistic studies evaluating hematopoietic bone marrow niche interactions have uncovered novel agents with the capacity for hematopoietic mobilization. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of mobilizing agents, other than G-CSF, and experimental procedures and technical aspects important to evaluate and define their hematopoietic mobilizing activities alone and in combination.
Partitioning Sequences and Arrays of Directional Ocean Wave Spectra into Component Wave Systems

Abstract A method for characterizing wave systems from temporal sequences and spatial arrays of directional ocean surface gravity-wave spectral estimates is presented. The method is structured in two major stages. In the first data-intensive stage, individual spectra are parameterized in terms of the directions, periods, and significant wave heights of wave systems represented in that spectrum. In the second stage, wave systems from spectra are associated with similar wave systems in neighboring spectra, and “large-scale wave systems” representing activity occurring continuously over groups of contiguous spectra are determined. This high-level description of the ocean surface wave field represents a considerable data reduction that preserves directional information in a more meaningful way than either average wave directions computed over the entire spectrum or wind sea-swell decompositions. Each large-scale wave system is normally caused by a distinct meteorological event. Data from the Labrador Sea Extr...
Women, Power, and Photography in the New York Times Magazine

This case study is a cultural analysis of The New York Times Magazine 2001 special photography issue on women and power. Drawing from semiotic and feminist theories and critical frameworks, the author analyzes the magazine's treatment of the topic of gender and power, and compares it to existing concerns about stereotyped portrayals of women in mass media. The author argues that significant factors are prohibiting the magazine's treatment of the topic from being a significantly new or reconfigured vision: tensions between the magazine's editorial and advertising content, as well as a recurring emphasis on the importance of physical attractiveness and passivity, even for powerful women. In light of these findings, the author considers existing critical perspectives on how restricted depictions of women might begin to be changed.
Enhancement of short-term nitrogen uptake by greenhouse roses under intermittent N-deprivation

A recirculating nutrient solution system was utilized to study the effect of intermittent N deprivation on N uptake by mature ‘Royalty’ rose over the course of one flowering cycle.
A new approach to the study of relaxation processes in electrochemical systems

Abstract We present a new approach to the analysis of the decay of voltage V with time t after a current pulse has been applied to an electrochemical system. We show that a plot of − t d V /d t is an approximation to the spectrum of relaxation times that characterize the decay of V as a combination of exponential decays, and show how well such a plot can resolve different time constants. We then apply this method to a Li/(LiAsF 6 -propylene carbonate)/Li system and show that not only can we measure the diffusion constant for the salt in the electrolyte, but also obtain information about polypropylene films used as separators between the electrodes. Using this technique we also show the onset of convection in the electrolyte in cells without separators.
Labor analgesia for the tobacco and ethanol abusing pregnant patient: a routine management?

Introduction Illicit substance use in pregnancy has received significant media attention over the past 25 years. However, far too little attention has been given to the consequences of the use/misuse of social drugs such as tobacco and ethanol, which are by far the most commonly used/misused substances in pregnancy.
Optimization of resolution functions for neutron scattering

Abstract We study the relationship between the information content of a neutron scattering experiment and the resolution function of the spectrometer. By deconvolving simulated data, we provide counterexamples to popular approaches to spectrometer optimization which include only the intensity and width of the resolution function. For example, we find that asymmetric functions often yield greater information about the scattering law than symmetric functions with the same intensity and width. More generally, we show that the sharpness of the resolution function, or alternatively the spread of its Fourier spectrum, is the most important factor controlling the reconstruction of the scattering law from data. We provide a simple argument based on average signal-to-noise ratios to suggest that the information content of an experiment is related to the achievable bandwidth of the reconstruction. We propose an analytic expression for a new “figure-of-merit” of a resolution function which agrees qualitatively with our simulations, and which can be used to optimize neutron scattering spectrometers.
Molecular scanning of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene in Pima Indians and Caucasians.

Background The beta-3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) stimulates lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipocytes. The Trp64Arg β3AR variant is associated in some, but not all, studies with an earlier onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Functional studies as to the role of the Trp64Arg variant have been inconclusive. Earlier studies screened the β3AR gene in only ten obese, diabetic Pima Indians. Potentially another yet to be identified polymorphism in the β3AR gene in linkage disequilibrium with the Trp64Arg polymorphism could explain the findings in the association and functional studies. Methods We scanned the β3AR gene in 20 diabetic Pima subjects and 20 Caucasian subjects using single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Variants were sequenced using dideoxy sequence analysis and further characterized using allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) and RNA template specific-polymerase chain reaction (RS-PCR) assays. Results We found a guanine to thymidine substitution in the first intron, 14 bases from the splice donor site in both groups. In virtually all subjects, only two haplotypes were detected, Trp64/g1856 and Arg64/t1856, indicating that the g1856t polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with the Trp64Arg polymorphism. The g1856t substitution introduces a new consensus splice donor site which, if used, would encode a truncated protein. RNA levels of the two β3AR alleles were approximately equal in omental adipose tissue of heterozygotes. No aberrantly spliced β3AR mRNA was detected, indicating that the new consensus splice donor site is not used in vivo. Conclusion The g1856t polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with the Trp64Arg variant, but does not appear to have a functional role. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitized photooxygenation reactions and the role of singlet oxygen.

— In this paper we discuss various theoretical and experimental aspects of the role of singlet oxygen in sensitized photooxygenation reactions. New spectroscopic observations on the photosensitized production of singlet oxygen molecules are presented. The various factors which control the generation and reactions of singlet oxygen molecules are considered in detail. A relatively simple theoretical procedure is developed to predict the relative reactivities of 1σ, 1δ and 3σ oxygen toward various organic acceptors, and is used to discuss the chemical and photochemical properties of some of the oxygenation products. Finally, the properties of dioxetanes are examined in connection with the role which they may play in chemi- and bioluminescence. While we have said rather little about photodynamic reactions per se, the results presented in this paper strongly support the suggestion that many of the observed photodynamic effects could be due to reactions of singlet oxygen. Clearly a careful reexamination of various photodynamic effects at the molecular level to establish whether or not reactions of singlet oxygen are involved is now in order.
Testicular ptosis as a sign of L2 radiculopathy

A 71-year-old man was referred to the Mayo Comprehensive Spine Center for possible surgery on a left L2–3 disk extrusion. Superimposed on a past history of episodic low back pain, 6 months prior, the patient developed major low back and left flank pain after moving some rocks. Over the course of a few days, the pain became so severe that he visited his local emergency department and received temporary benefit from an injection of morphine and a brief course of oral prednisone. He continued to have severe pain in his lower back and left flank and developed pain in his left anterior iliac crest and proximal left medial, anterior, and lateral thigh, with numbness, sensitivity, and brief neuralgic pains over his left anterolateral thigh. His lower limb reflexes were reportedly normal. Within a month of symptom onset, he underwent lumbar spine MRI and subsequent CT myelography, both of which showed a left L2–3 disk extrusion with superior migration and L2 nerve root impingement (see figure 1). An EMG was reported to show a left upper lumbar radiculopathy. He had a left L2–3 transforaminal epidural steroid injection that helped him briefly. He did not notice any weakness or bowel or bladder difficulty. He had noted that ever since his pain began, his left testis was hanging considerably lower than the right. He estimated that the left testicle had hung 6 cm lower than the right at its nadir. His pain and testicular ptosis had improved over time, albeit incompletely, when we saw him. He was otherwise in good health except for a history of right rotator cuff disease, and he was taking only ibuprofen for pain.
The reaction of melatonin with peroxynitrite: formation of melatonin radical cation and absence of stable nitrated products.

Peroxynitrite is capable of hydroxylating and nitrating aromatic species. However, nitromelatonin is not found as a final product when melatonin was allowed to react with peroxynitrite either in the presence or absence of added bicarbonate. In the absence of bicarbonate, the two major products formed are 6-hydroxymelatonin and 5-methoxy-2-hydro-pyrroloindole, and the latter is the only major product with excess bicarbonate. A transient purple intermediate with a maximum absorbance at about 520 nm is observed upon mixing solutions containing peroxynitrite and melatonin. These observations indicate that the melatoninyl radical cation is formed in the peroxynitrite/melatonin reaction, providing a direct evidence for the one-electron oxidation ability of peroxynitrite. The melatoninyl radical cation also is observed with excess bicarbonate.
Spatial and molecular cues for cell outgrowth during C. elegans uterine development

The Caenorhabditis elegans uterine seam cell (utse) is an H-shaped syncytium that connects the uterus to the body wall. Comprising nine nuclei that move outward in a bidirectional manner, this synctium undergoes remarkable shape change during development. Using cell ablation experiments, we show that three surrounding cell types affect utse development: uterine toroids, the anchor cell and the sex myoblasts. The presence of the anchor cell (AC) nucleus within the utse is necessary for proper utse development and AC invasion genes fos-1, cdh-3, him-4, egl-43, zmp-1 and mig-10 promote utse cell outgrowth. Two types of uterine lumen epithelial cells, uterine toroid 1 (ut1) and uterine toroid 2 (ut2), mediate proper utse outgrowth and we show roles in utse development two genes expressed in the uterine toroids: RASEF ortholog rsef-1 and Trio/unc-73. The SM expressed gene unc-53/NAV regulates utse cell shape; ablation of sex myoblasts (SMs), which generate uterine and vulval muscles, cause defects in utse morphology. Our results clarify the nature of the interactions that exist between utse and surrounding tissue, identify new roles for genes involved in cell outgrowth, and present the utse as a new model system for understanding cell shape change and, putatively, diseases associated with cell shape change.
The sophisticated decision maker: all work and no pay?

Abstract We consider the effect on profitability of using increasingly sophisticated regression-based methods of estimating and interpreting the parameters of the demand curve facing the neoclassical firm that newly enters an existing product market. Through simulation it is shown that in this particular setting the differences in the firm's subsequent profit performance over the range of the different methods are de minimus . The demands these methods make upon the decision maker, however, differ substantially. These results prompt us to question whether comparable results in alternative real-world settings might not be more pervasive than we as theoreticians would like to believe is the case. We speculate that all too often the profit payoff from the use of even-more-sophisticated decision-making techniques will fail to justify the required effort. And, further, that even managers who are well versed in sophisticated decision-making procedures are not unlikely to find their talents stretched to the lmit well before they reach the point of diminishing returns.
The projection of the acoustic nerve to the ventral cochlear nucleus of the rat. A Golgi study.

Acoustic nerve fibers, stained by the rapid Golgi method, were observed to bifurcate, after entering the ventral cochlear nucleus, into an ascending and a descending branch. Each branch was composed of fibers running parallel to each other with very little overlap. Prior to bifurcating, the acoustic nerve fibers gave rise to collaterals which ramified in the region of the bifurcations. Ascending branch fibers terminated in bulbs of Held and bore from zero to five additional collateral endings, including bulbs of Held. Descending, branch fibers gave rise within the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus to from zero to five collateral endings. These included large endings identified as bulbs of Held. Ascending and descending branch collaterals did not extend beyond 40–50 μ from their paret axons. Descending branch fibers projected into the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The area of the ventral cochlear nucleus dorsal to the region of bifurcations was innervated in a unique manner. This innervation occurred via long dorsally running collaterals arising from the most dorsal fibers of the ascending and descending branch projections. The data suggest morphological correlates of certain neurophysiological and behavioral findings in the areas of auditory localization and discrimination.
Peace building in postsettlement: Challenges for Israeli and Palestinian peace educators.

Peace-building activities are designed to correspond with the different stages of conflict. In the postsettlement phase, peace-building activities are most needed but are least explored by researchers and practitioners. This article examines the dynamics of postsettlement peace-building activities and priorities as perceived by Israeli and Palestinian educators. The focus is on the perceptions of educators, their role, and the obstacles they face in the aftermath of the Oslo settlement. The Palestinian and Israeli peace educators interviewed have identified separate sets of needs in each community. Timing and differential needs are identified as crucial factors in implementing peace education programs in the aftermath of a political agreement.
Altered dental root development in long-term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A review of 17 cases

Seventeen patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia by combination chemotherapy before their reaching 10 years of age were studied for altered dental root development of their premolar teeth. Five of the 17 patients showed subjective radiographic evidence of marked shortening of the premolar dental roots; 13 had thinning of the roots. A quantitative analysis was developed and verified, which disclosed a 63.33% to 84.38% reduction of premolar root length when compared with the mean of the historical controls. With recent significant increases in long-term survival rates of children with malignancies, altered dental development becomes an important factor to follow years after chemotherapy is discontinued. The findings of these chemotherapy-associated dental development changes impacts on the patient's quality of life and also can serve as a research tool to assess permanent effects of chemotherapy on normal tissue growth and development.