cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Sampling from Geographic Networks

We empirically investigate the factors affecting the quality of information obtained by randomly sampling nodes from a network embedded in two-dimensional space. The motivation for this work is that wireless and other physical networks do in fact have embedding of their nodes in space, although analyses of random walks on such networks often only consider the link structure while ignoring node locations. Of independent interest is the measure we propose to evaluate the quality of sampling: the rate of decrease in the area of the largest empty circle remaining.
Quantitative Determination of Trisiloxane Surfactants in Beehive Environments Based on Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry

Organosilicone surfactants are increasingly being applied to agricultural agro-ecosystems as spray adjuvants, and were recently shown to impact the learning ability of honey bees. Here we developed a method for analyzing three trisiloxane surfactants (single polyethoxylate (EO) chain and end-capped with methyl, acetyl, or hydroxyl groups; TSS-CH3, TSS-COCH3, or TSS-H) in beehive matrices based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach from less than 2 g of honey, pollen, or beeswax. Recoveries for each oligomer (2-13 EO) were between 66 and 112% in all matrices. Average method detection limits (MDL) were 0.53, 0.60, 0.56 ng/g in honey, 0.63, 0.81, 0.78 ng/g in pollen, and 0.51, 0.69, 0.63 ng/g in beeswax. Five honey, 10 pollen, and 10 beeswax samples were analyzed. Trisiloxane surfactants were detected in every beeswax and 60% of the pollen samples. Total trisiloxane surfactant concentrations were up to 390 and 39 ng/g in wax and pollen. The described method is proved suitable for analyzing trisiloxane surfactants in beehive samples. The presence of trisiloxane surfactants in North American beehives calls for renewed effort to investigate the consequence of these adjuvants to bee health and the ongoing global bee decline.
A pilot study of telemedicine for post-operative urological care in children

We conducted a retrospective study of paediatric urological surgery patients over a 12-month period. We compared patients followed up by telemedicine with those who had post-operative follow-up on ...
Hazmat facility location and routing analysis with explicit consideration of equity using the Gini coefficient

This paper develops a model to analyze facility location and routing decisions in the context of hazardous materials transportation. A novel aspect of this model is the explicit consideration of equity using the Gini coefficient, an established computation to evaluate equity. To solve the model, we develop a method that combines Lagrangean relaxation with column generation and illustrate that method using a realistic case study. We present a case study of hazardous material railway transportation with consideration of social horizontal equity categorizing the population by household income.
Maximizing Cardiorenal Benefit in the Management of Hypertension: Achieve Blood Pressure Goals.

Current recommendations by the Sixth Report of Joint National Committee (JNC) suggest that lower blood pressure levels than previously recommended should be obtained in order to preserve renal function and reduce cardiovascular risk. This holds true for people with diabetes as well as those with renal insufficiency. By all accounts, we as a nation are doing a poor job of even achieving the general guideline for blood pressure control (i.e., less than 140/90 mm Hg). This has contributed to a plateau in mortality reduction from cardiovascular events and a may have contributed to an increase in the incidence of end stage renal disease. This paper reviews the rationale for achieving lower blood pressure goals (i.e., less than 130/85 mm Hg) in people with diabetes and/or renal disease. It also provides an approach as to how to achieve these lower goal blood pressures with a minimum of side effects. Lastly, the use of fixed dose combinations is discussed as a method to improve compliance. In brief, patients with diabetes or renal disease will require an average of 2.6-4.3 different antihypertensive medications to achieve these lower blood pressure targets. The number of medications is a function of the degree of renal insufficiency. If done appropriately, patients can consume these medications in 2 to maybe 3 pills per day. By achieving these lower blood pressure goals there is a good possibility of reducing morbidity as well as mortality from cardiovascular and renal disease. More recent reports document that it is more cost effective in these high risk groups to achieve levels of diastolic blood pressure of less than 85 mm Hg. (c)1999 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.
Nutritional care after head and neck surgery.

Extraoral alimentation is often necessary for adequate nutritional support following extensive head and neck surgery. Nasogastric intubation is a simple, useful method for short-term tube feeding, but cervical esophagostomy or pharyngostomy is the procedure of choice for long-term extraoral alimentation. This article includes a feeding program based on a high-calorie diet, and considers parenteral hyperalimentation as an adjuvant to tube feeding.
Computed Tomographic Demonstration of Ingested Press-Through Packages Causing Small Intestinal Perforation

Press-through packages (PTPs) are regularly used to enclose drugs, and are increasingly seen in cases of ingested foreign bodies in the alimentary tract. Most cases of ingested PTP-induced bowel perforation are difficult to diagnose. We herein present a case of preoperative computed tomography (CT) demonstration showing ingested PTP-induced small intestinal perforation. An index of high suspicion and early exact diagnosis by high-resolution CT are requisite to avoid deterioration of the patients’ condition and to improve outcome.
Locating disease-associated single amino acid polymorphisms on proteins

T next generation sequencing technologies are continuously improving and large sets of human mutations are becoming available within institutions and through public resources. A subset of these mutations lead to single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs). Identifying SAPs’ disease-causing impact and developing methods to identify SAPs' diseaseassociations are active research areas. In this work, we investigated the link between disease-associated SAPs and their protein sequence context (i.e. sequence features). We have integrated disease-associated SAPs and sequence features from several public bioinformatics resources. The SAPs and sequence features are then mapped to each other using protein resource UniProt Knowledgebase. Based on our initial results, over 39% of disease-associated SAPs are located on functional domains, topological domains and near post translational modifications. Over 19% of them are located on known secondary structures. Our findings will help in better understanding of SAPs’ disease associations. In the future, the protein sequence context for SAPs can be utilized in development of more accurate computational methods to predict disease-associated SAPs.
Glass-Fiber Reinforcement as a Means of Recycling Polymers from Post-Consumer Applications

A major barrier to the recycling of post-consumer plastics is the commingled nature of these materials with consequent poor and variable mechanical, thermal and flow properties. Using polymers from end-of-life electronics, this comprehensive study demonstrates that glass-reinforcement is a viable method for reusing post-consumer plastics. In this work, a twin screw extruder was used to incorporate short glass fibers into polycarbonate containing varying amounts of polymeric impurities. The mechanical and melt flow properties of the compounded polycarbonate, having as much as 50% impurity, were studied. It was observed that, in the presence of 15 wt% short glass fibers, the measured mechanical and flow properties of the glass-reinforced material containing 25% impurity in the matrix phase, were indistinguishable from the corresponding properties of the virgin polymer and containing the same amount of glass reinforcement but no impurities. The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed by obtaining similar mechanical property data on a variety of other glass-filled thermoplastics.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis: old and new modalities.

There is no single effective management that is useful for all phases of AD. The recognition of multiple cutaneous morphologic reacting patterns in AD (ie, follicular eczema), vesicular and crusted superinfection with herpes simplex andStaphylococcus aureus, lichenification, lackluster skin, excoriation, and exfoliative erythroderma) helps to determine more directed therapy and elimination of flare factors. Management of AD requires recognition and amelioration of identifiable flare factors, education of patients and families about these factors and the chronic and relapsing nature of disease, the adjunctive and temporary use of topical corticosteroids and systemic H1 antihistamines, and the judicious use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Patients, family, and physician must understand that the main goal in treatment is control of the disease, not cure. Definitive therapy of AD awaits a clearer understanding of pathophysiology of disease.
Restaurant Tipping and Discrimination: Exploring the Implications of Automatic Gratuities:

Scholars have documented evidence of racial disparities in dining service quality and hypothesize that restaurant servers avoid or neglect minority patrons based on widespread perceptions that Blac...
Interbasin water transfers and the size of regions: An economic geography example

Abstract A two-region, spatial economic model is developed to explore the implications of interregional water transfers on household migration and the intraregional distribution of land between urban and agricultural use when there are agglomeration economies in urban production. A particular example is considered where an arid region lacks water resources but has differing levels of amenities and agricultural productivity relative to a water rich region. The conditions for the stability of both the dispersed and concentrated equilibria are found. Numerical simulations provide a graphical example of the set of stable equilibria in the parameter space. Finally, the model is calibrated using data on household consumption and agricultural production patterns in the US.
May–June 2006: A Fight for the Customs Service—Full-Scale War Between the Silovik Clans; the Fall of Ustinov—A Triumph for the Cherkesovites

In 2006 Putin restored balance between the two main clans by swinging back to the Sechinites. However, rude shocks awaited the Sechinites, perhaps because, by backing Ustinov, they overplayed their hand. It was the Sechinite coup in defeating Cherkesov and gaining control of the Customs that turned the fierce rivalry between the two main silovik groups into full-scale warfare. In response, Cherkesov assigned one of his top aides, Aleksandr Bul’bov, to put taps on the Sechinites’ phones. Cherkesov reportedly then gave Putin phone transcripts that allegedly showed Sechin and Ustinov to have been disrespectful about Putin, describing him as a weak president and Ustinov as a potentially better one. On 1 June a top oligarch, Abramovich, called a secretive meeting of powerful people, who demanded that Putin dismiss Ustinov as procurator-general. Putin reluctantly replaced him with the pro-Medvedev Chaika. From Ustinov’s dismissal till November 2006 Putin sharply reduced Sechin’s responsibilities. Then he moved back and undermined Cherkesov.
Reasoning about evidence in causal explanations

Causal models can provide richly-detailed knowledge bases for producing explanations about behaviors in many domains, a task often termed interpretation or diagnosis. However, producing a causal explanation from the model can be time-consuming. This paper describes a system that solves a new problem by recalling a previous, similar problem and modifying its solution to fit the current problem. Because it is unlikely that any new problem will exactly match a previous one, the system evaluates differences between the problems using a set of evidence principles that allow the system to reason about such concepts as alternate lines of evidence, additional supporting evidence, and inconsistent evidence. If all differences between the new situation and the remembered situation are found to be insignificant, the previous causal explanation is adapted to fit the new case. This technique results in the same solution, but with an average of two orders of magnitude less effort. The evidence principles are domain independent, and the information necessary to apply them to other domain models is described.
Generating a Set of Interrelated Inspection Sampling Plans

The assignment of inspectors in a finite lot production environment is a common and difficult problem. When published sampling plans are used, the expected number of inspections for all lots combined may exceed the resource of inspectors available. Furt..
Is Non-Western Democracy Possible? A Russian Perspective

Since the election of Donald Trump to the US presidency, the UK Brexit vote in 2016 and moves to right-wing populism in staunchly liberal-democratic European countries, scholars have been debating ...
Financial Gains from Legislative Office: Evidence from Brazilian Municipal Councilors

I study how much Brazilian local legislators benefit financially from holding public office. Employing a Regression Discontinuity strategy, I find that the annual asset growth of elected candidates is 10.2 percentage points higher than that of the unelected. The higher relative asset growth of elected politicians is found to be positively associated with public office wages, but not with rent-seeking. These results suggest the existence of large legal financial benefits from legislative office with unclear implications to social welfare.
Selective Ingestion and Egestion of Plastic Particles by the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Implications for Using Bivalves as Bioindicators of Microplastic Pollution

Microplastics (MP; 1 μm to 1 mm) of various shapes and compositions are ingested by numerous marine animals. Recently, proposals have been made to adopt bivalve molluscs as bioindicators of MP pollution. To serve as indicators of MP pollution, however, the proposed organisms should ingest, without bias, the majority of plastic particles to which they are exposed. To test this premise, eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were offered variously sized polystyrene microspheres (diameters 19-1000 μm) and nylon microfibers (lengths 75-1075 × diameter 30 μm), and the proportion of each rejected in pseudofeces and egested in feces was determined. For both species, the proportion of microspheres rejected increased from ca. 10-30% for the smallest spheres to 98% for the largest spheres. A higher proportion of the largest microsphere was rejected compared with the longest microfiber, but similar proportions of microfibers were ingested regardless of length. Differential egestion of MP also occurred. As a result of particle selection, the number and types of MP found in the bivalve gut will depend upon the physical characteristics of the particles. Thus, bivalves will be poor bioindicators of MP pollution in the environment, and it is advised that other marine species be explored.
Effects of forage level on the comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle.

Ninety-six crossbred steers (316 kg) were used in a 135-d growth-performance trial to evaluate the comparative feeding value of yellow rease (0 vs 6%) in 10% forage vs 30% forage rowing-finishing diets. There were interactions between forage level and supplemental fat on ADG (P .10) ADG, but decreased (P .10) retail yield. Differences in carcass fat were small and not affected by treatment (P > .10). The NEm and NEg values of yellow grease were 3.55 and 2.65 Mcal/kg, respectively, for the low-forage diet and 5.71 and 4.65 Mcal/kg, respectively, for the high-forage diet. Treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion were evaluated using four Holstein steers (233 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. There were no interactions (P > .10) between forage level and supplemental fat on ruminal and total tract digestibility of OM, ADF, starch, lipid, and gross energy. Postruminal lipid digestibility averaged 65.5% and was not affected (P > .10) by forage level. The ME value of yellow grease was the same (6.94 Mcal/kg) for both the low- and high-forage diets. There was an interaction between supplemental fat and forage level on nonammonia N flow to the small intestine (P .10) ruminal degradation for feed N and methane production. With the high-forage diet fat supplementation decreased ruminal degradation of feed N (19.0%; P < .05) and methane production (14.8%; P < .05). We concluded that supplementation of a 30% forage (alfalfa hay) finishing diet with 6% yellow grease will permit growth-performance similar to that of steers fed a 10% forage diet without supplemental fat. The improved performance may be attributed to increased diet energy density and positive associative effects on protein flow to the small intestine and decreased ruminal methane production.
Hydrophobically Modified let-7b miRNA Enhances Biodistribution to NSCLC and Downregulates HMGA2 In Vivo

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly been shown to be involved in human cancer, and interest has grown about the potential use of miRNAs for cancer therapy. miRNA levels are known to be altered in cancer cells, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subtype of lung cancer that is the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide and that lacks effective therapies. The let-7 miRNA is involved in the regulation of oncogene expression in cells and directly represses cancer growth in the lung. let-7 is therefore a potential molecular target for tumor therapy. However, applications of RNA interference for cancer research have been limited by a lack of simple and efficient methods to deliver oligonucleotides (ONs) to cancer cells. In this study, we have used in vitro and in vivo approaches to show that HCC827 cells internalize hydrophobically modified let-7b miRNAs (hmiRNAs) added directly to the culture medium without the need for lipid formulation. We identified functional let-7b hmiRNAs targeting the HMGA2 mRNA, one of the let-7 target genes upregulated in NSCLC, and show that direct uptake in HCC827 cells induced potent and specific gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. Thus, hmiRNAs constitute a novel class of ONs that enable functional studies of genes involved in cancer biology and are potentially therapeutic molecules.
Standing at One’s Post: Post-Qualitative Inquiry as Ethical Enactment

In this article, I advocate for a reading of the “post” as a type of watchful cartographic practice that bears productive similarity to Foucault’s project of building a “history of the present.” I ...
Dielectric-Backed Aperture Resonators for X-band Depth-Limited in Vivo EPR Nail Dosimetry

A new resonant geometry for X-band in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) nail dosimetry has been developed, fabricated, and tested. The dielectric-backed aperture resonator (DAR) was specifically designed for depth-limited surface spectroscopy. The DAR improves EPR sensitivity of surface samples with sub-millimeter thicknesses by at least a factor of 20 compared to other aperture resonator designs. The increase in EPR sensitivity was achieved using a non-resonant dielectric slab which is placed on the aperture inside the cavity. The dielectric slab provides an increased microwave magnetic field, while minimizing the problematic resonance conditions of the aperture. It has been shown that the DAR provides sufficient sensitivity to make biologically-relevant measurements both in vitro and in vivo. This work demonstrates that in vivo tests with an equivalent dosimetry sensitivity of approximately 1.4 Gy are feasible. Plausible ways to further increase the sensitivity are discussed, such as, the introduction and simulations of a DAR based on a semi-spherical TE011 geometry.
Contrasting Misinformation and Real-Information Dissemination Network Structures on Social Media During a Health Emergency.

Objectives. To provide a comprehensive workflow to identify top influential health misinformation about Zika on Twitter in 2016, reconstruct information dissemination networks of retweeting, contra...
Imposition of Fontan physiology: Effects on strain and global measures of ventricular function.

Abstract Objective We sought to evaluate contractile function in single-ventricle patients before and after imposition of Fontan physiology. Methods Single right ventricle (SRV; n = 38) and single left ventricle (SLV; n = 11) patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging pre and post Fontan operation. Global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain were measured along with ejection fraction (EF) and atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR). Results Age at cardiac magnetic resonance imaging before the Fontan operation was 3.1 ± 1.3 years and after the Fontan procedure was 5.8 ± 2.7 years. There were no significant EF differences between SRV and SLV patients before and after the Fontan procedure, and EF did not deteriorate significantly after the Fontan operation. GRS was significantly lower for SRV patients than for SLV patients before (24.3% vs 32.1%; P = .048) and after (21.8% vs 29.7%; P = .045) the Fontan procedure. GRS and GCS of the SRV patients deteriorated significantly after the Fontan operation (GRS, P = .01; GCS, P = .009). Strains showed positive correlations before and after the Fontan operation with positive correlations among each strain. Within all patients, strains correlated positively with EF. Strains and EF negatively correlated with AVVR (GRS P = .03, r = −0.22; GCS P = .03, r = −0.23; EF P Conclusions Strains were lower for SRV than for SLV patients before and after the Fontan operation and deteriorated after the Fontan operation. Our study suggests that strain measures might detect ventricular deterioration earlier than EF. Because strains before and after the Fontan operation were positively correlated, and negatively correlated with AVVR, the early institution of myocardial protective therapy including AVVR management, especially for SRV patients, might have benefit.
Reducing Color from Data Image File Using the Modification Thresholding Algorithm

A digital image could be manipulated with many effects. One effect that can be done to an image is by decreasing the number of colors. Thresholding algorithm is one of the image processing techniques that can be used to decrease the amount of colors with similar value and grouping their intensity. In this paper, modification of thresholding algorithm was implemented on BMP (bitmap) image; the programming language Matlab version 11 was used; an image with the color component RGB (Red-Greenblue) is processed and altered from 1 up to 10. The yielded color resolution is between 1 – 1000 color. The intensity distance can be valued 0 up to 255. In general, the results can be obtained if the component of RGB equals 1, hence yielding a one color image. However, the thresholding process at cartoon image between the original image and the result would not be seen so different because images differ from one another.
Factores motivantes en la selección de tú explícito/tácito en el español mexicano de Atlanta, EE.UU

Conversational corpus data from Mexican Spanish in Atlanta, Georgia are employed to examine tokens of second-person singular SPE (n=478) in terms of frequency and constraints, incorporating factors such as TMA, switch reference, and specificity in logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that tu, like other subjects, is strongly impacted by switch reference and tense-mood-aspect (TMA). However, the TMA effect is unique in that imperfect aspect is shown to disfavor overt tu relative to other TMAs, diverging from previous studies. Furthermore, specificity —a factor found to be repeatedly significant in the literature— is inoperative, suggesting that tu behaves differently in this dialect regarding its sensitivity to linguistic factors.
Quine’s conjecture on many-sorted logic

Quine often argued for a simple, untyped system of logic rather than the typed systems that were championed by Russell and Carnap, among others. He claimed that nothing important would be lost by eliminating sorts, and the result would be additional simplicity and elegance. In support of this claim, Quine conjectured that every many-sorted theory is equivalent to a single-sorted theory. We make this conjecture precise, and prove that it's true, at least according to one reasonable notion of theoretical equivalence. Our clarification of Quine's conjecture, however, exposes the shortcomings of his argument against many-sorted logic.
The Integration of Racial Minorities and Women into the Auditing Profession Since the Civil Rights Period

Following the Civil Rights Movement and the “quiet revolution” in women’s work over the years 1950 to 1970, women and minorities increasingly joined the auditing profession while the profession ramped up efforts to encourage integration. The purpose of this study is to rigorously examine how the integration of auditors has evolved since the civil rights and quiet revolution period. The primary distinctive feature of this study is that it evaluates the auditing profession’s integration by comparing it against samples of occupations similar to auditing for the purpose of isolating auditing-specific forces influencing integration. I find that the pay structure in auditing is unusually equal, consistent with “equal pay for equal work.” The results for women, Hispanics, and miscellaneous minorities are consistent with members of these groups responding as one might expect to equal pay in auditing, with groups that are poorly paid in other occupations selecting into auditing at higher rates and groups that are well paid in other occupations selecting out of auditing at higher rates. The results for blacks are anomalous in that their pay in auditing has been good relative to many comparison occupations but they have nevertheless been poorly represented in auditing. There are a number of theories that could potentially explain why blacks may be anomalously underrepresented in auditing. To begin to test them, I perform an exploratory analysis of the representation of women and minorities among college freshmen, college graduates, and young auditors. The results suggest that accounting is a popular degree among black college freshmen and that a relatively high percentage of accounting graduates are black. However, although they are well represented in the pool of potential new auditors, black accounting graduates enter the auditing profession at very low rates relative to other occupations requiring levels of education similar to auditing. The results suggest that black underrepresentation in auditing is not due to a lack of awareness among, or role models for, young blacks.
The induction of acetylcholine synthesis in primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons: I. Effects of conditioned medium☆

Neurotransmitter metabolism in primary cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons from the newborn rat has been examined. Previous studies have shown that neurons grown in the virtual absence of nonneuronal cells developed the ability to synthesize and accumulate radioactive norepinephrine (NE) from [^3H]tyrosine, but synthesized little [^3H]acetylcholine (ACh) from labeled choline. However, in the presence of certain types of nonneuronal cells, or in medium conditioned (CM) by them, the neurons produced considerable ACh from choline. Here we show that ACh production from choline depends on the concentration of CM in the growth medium. At 62% CM, the highest level of CM studied, ACh production is >40-fold higher than the control value. Furthermore, homogenates of mixed neuronal/nonneuronal cultures or CM-treated neuronal cultures contain 100- to 1000-fold more choline acetyltransferase activity than neuron-alone sister cultures. On the other hand, the ability to synthesize and accumulate NE is inversely related to the percentage CM in the growth medium; at high concentrations of CM, catecholamine production is depressed about 25-fold from the control. The effects of CM are rather specific, since CM does not affect the number of neurons surviving or their overall growth. These results suggest that CM acts by altering the differentiated fate of individual sympathetic neurons rather than by causing the selective survival or growth of a second population of neurons. CM from primary cultures of several tissues taken from the newborn rat induces neuronal ACh synthesis, as does CM from cultures of several, but not all types of rat cell lines. In contrast, CM from several non-rat cell lines as well as from primary cultures of mouse and chick heart is less effective in causing neuronal ACh production, suggesting some degree of species specificity in this phenomenon.
The Stress and Strain-Rate Dependence of Spall Strength in Two Aluminum Alloys

The spallation behavior of 6061-T6 and AMg-6 aluminum alloys was studied as a function of loading stress and initial pulse duration for stress amplitudes ranging from 5–20 GPa and for pulse durations spanning the range of 0.06–0.9 μs. These experiments show that the spallation strength varies from about 0.7–1.4 GPa for strain rates varying from 0.15–1 μs−1 and for impact stresses from 5–20 GPa.
Additive Groves of Regression Trees

We present a new regression algorithm called Groves of trees and show empirically that it is superior in performance to a number of other established regression methods. A Grove is an additive model usually containing a small number of large trees. Trees added to the Grove are trained on the residual error of other trees already in the Grove. We begin the training process with a single small tree in the Grove and gradually increase both the number of trees in the Grove and their size. This procedure ensures that the resulting model captures the additive structure of the response. A single Grove may still overfit to the training set, so we further decrease the variance of the final predictions with bagging. We show that in addition to exhibiting superior performance on a suite of regression test problems, bagged Groves of trees are very resistant to overfitting.
Dynamic state estimation-based protection of power transformers

Power transformers are expensive and critical power system components. Reliable and secure protection schemes for transformers are extremely important. While transformer protection has evolved to a high degree of sophistication they cannot ensure 100% reliable and secure protection. A new transformer protection scheme based on dynamic state estimation is proposed. The dynamic transformer state is continuously estimated from measurements and the protective decision is based on the transformer state only (operating condition or health status). This scheme requires very few and simple settings, such as maximum permissible hot spot temperature. The protection algorithm is object-oriented. Specifically, the transformer model is expressed in a standard format, named the algebraic quadratic companion form (AQCF) and the dynamic state estimation operates directly on this object model. The method has been demonstrated in the laboratory. The paper describes the laboratory hardware. An example transformer protection is presented for a 115/25 kV three-phase transformer. Results verify the advantages of this scheme over traditional methods.
Effects of CO2 enrichment and drought pretreatment on metabolite responses to water stress and subsequent rehydration using potato tubers from plants grown in sunlit chambers.

Experiments were performed using naturally sunlit Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Research chambers that provided ambient or twice ambient CO2. Potato plants were grown in pots that were water sufficient (W), water insufficient for 12–18 days during both vegetative and tuber development stages (VR), or water insufficient solely during tuber development (R). In the ambient CO2 treatment, a total of 17 and 20 out of 31 tuber metabolites differed when comparing the W to the R and VR treatments, respectively. Hexoses, raffinose, mannitol, branched chain amino acids, phenylalanine and proline increased, although most organic acids remained unchanged or decreased in response to drought. Osmolytes, including glucose, branched chain amino acids and proline, remained elevated following 2 weeks of rehydration in both the ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, whereas fructose, raffinose, mannitol and some organic acids reverted to control levels. Failure of desiccated plant tissues to mobilize specific osmolytes after rehydration was unexpected and was likely because tubers function as terminal sinks. Tuber metabolite responses to single or double drought treatments were similar under the same CO2 levels but important differences were noted when CO2 level was varied. We also found that metabolite changes to water insufficiency and/or CO2 enrichment were very distinct between sink and source tissues, and total metabolite changes to stress were generally greater in leaflets than tubers.
Interviews with collection development managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present interviews of two collection development managers: David Magier, Princeton University and Daniel Dollar, Yale University. Design/methodology/approach – The approach was interviews. Findings – These interviews showed what goes into the thinking of collection development officers in large university libraries. There are probably more similarities than differences. Originality/value – This is the first of a series of interviews with collection development managers.
Generalized Levinson and fast Cholesky algorithms for three-dimensional random field estimation problems

Fast algorithms for computing the linear least-squares estimate of a three-dimensional random field from noisy observations inside a sphere are derived. The algorithms can be viewed as generalized split Levinson and fast Cholesky algorithms, since they exploit the (assumed) Toeplitz structure of the double Radon transform of the random field covariance, and therefore they require fewer computations than would solution of the multidimensional Wiener-Hopf equation. Unlike previous generalized Levinson algorithms, no quarter-plane or asymmetric half-plane support assumptions for the filter are necessary; nor is the multidimensional filtering problem treated as a multichannel (vector) filtering problem. >
Blurred vision: Marion on the 'possibility' of revelation

In this paper I challenge Merold Westphal’s claim that Jean-Luc Marion’s hermeneutical phenomenology is especially useful for theology. I argue that in spite of his explicit allegiance to Husserl’s “principle of all principles,” Marion fails to embody a commitment to phenomenological seeing in his analyses of revelation. In the sections of Being Given where he discusses revelation, Marion allows faith-based claims to bleed into his phenomenological analyses, resulting in what I call his ‘blurred vision’—the pretension that phenomenological seeing can be extended to theological matters. This pretension undermines Marion’s phenomenological aspirations, because it invests his analyses with a theological content that phenomenological intuition cannot account for or clarify. At the same time, this blurring of the line between theology and phenomenology also makes Marion’s work theologically ineffective. For it furnishes the theologian and believer with the false assurance that faith-based commitments can be grounded in phenomenological knowledge—a claim that he simply cannot make good on. In light of these problems, I propose an alternative Heideggerian approach that maintains the boundary between philosophical and theological discourse and thereby safeguards the integrity of both.
Synthesis of Autoinducer 2 by the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

Defining the metabolic capabilities and regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression is a valuable step in understanding the pathogenic properties of infectious agents such as Borrelia burgdorferi. The present studies demonstrated that B. burgdorferi encodes functional Pfs and LuxS enzymes for the breakdown of toxic products of methylation reactions. Consistent with those observations, B. burgdorferi was shown to synthesize the end product 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) during laboratory cultivation. DPD undergoes spontaneous rearrangements to produce a class of pheromones collectively named autoinducer 2 (AI-2). Addition of in vitro-synthesized DPD to cultured B. burgdorferi resulted in differential expression of a distinct subset of proteins, including the outer surface lipoprotein VlsE. Although many bacteria can utilize the other LuxS product, homocysteine, for regeneration of methionine, B. burgdorferi was found to lack such ability. It is hypothesized that B. burgdorferi produces LuxS for the express purpose of synthesizing DPD and utilizes a form of that molecule as an AI-2 pheromone to control gene expression.
Positron emission tomography to stage suspected metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver

Background Accurate detection of recurrent colorectal carcinoma remains a clinical challenge. Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) is an imaging technique that allows direct evaluation of cellular metabolism. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET was compared to computed tomography (CT) and CT portography for staging metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Patients and methods Twenty-four patients previously treated for colorectal carcinoma who had suspected recurrence to the liver underwent an 18 FDG PET scan of the entire body. All patients had either a CT scan of the abdomen (n = 17), a CT portogram (n = 18), or both (n = 11). The final diagnosis was obtained by tissue pathology in 19 patients and clinical follow-up in 5 patients. Results A total of 60 suspicious lesions were identified. Of the 55 intrahepatic lesions, 39 were malignant and 16 were benign. Of the 5 extrahepatic lesions, 4 were malignant. The 18 FDG PET imaging had a higher accuracy (93%) than CT and CT portography (both 76%) in detecting metastatic disease to the liver, and detected unsuspected extrahepatic recurrence in 4 patients. Although the sensitivity of 18 FDG PET (90%) was slightly lower than that of CT portography (97%), the specificity was much higher (100% versus 9%), including postsurgical sites. 18 FDG PET altered surgical plans in 6 (25%) of 24 patients. Conclusions 18 FDG PET is extremely useful in staging patients with suspected metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver.
Studies on the nature of planarian connective tissue

Cytological, histochemical, electronmicroscopical and in vivo dissociation methods have been employed in studies on the connective tissue in two planarian species. Two cell types belong to the connective tissue: the “free” neoblast and the “fixed” parenchyma cell.
GACH: A water-miscible, lipid-retaininig embedding polymer for electron microscopy

A new, water-miscible polymer, glutaraldehyde-carbohydrazide (GACH), has been developed for electron microscopy. Its parameters and use are described. Fine structural detail was observed in uranyl acetate and lead citrate-stained thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed GACH-embedded tissues. Cells of rat liver, duodenum, epididymis, and kidney and erythrocyte ghosts appeared similar to those in routinely fixed and embedded tissues. However, some organelles, including the plasma membrane, showed differences in size and detail compared to conventional preparations. In experiments using rat liver labeled with 14 C-palmitic acid, little labeled lipid was extracted by glutaraldehyde fixation, and over 90% of the labeled lipid was retained during GACH embedding. Analysis of lipid organic phosphate confirmed this result. Under similar conditions, tissues dehydrated with ethanol, hexylene glycol, or acetone retained little lipid label. GACH embedding avoids density due to osmium tetroxide fixation and offers advantages for fine structural localization of specific components in biological membranes.
Gingival Response to Class V Composite Resin Restorations

no. 955,1979. 10. Blank, L. Gingival response to well-finished Class V composite resin restorations. J Dent Res (Spe­ cial Issue) 60:526, abstract no. 867, 1981. 11. Chandler, H.H.; Bowen, R.L.; andPaffenbarger, G.C. Clinical evaluation of a radiopaque composite ’ restorative material after three and a half years. J Dent | Res 52:1128-1137, 1973. Vw 12. Borden, S.M.; Golub, L.M.; and Kleinberg, I. An intracrevicular technique for m onitoring gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow. J Dent Res (Special Issue) 53:175, abstract no. 482, 1974. } 13. Loe, H., and Holm-Pedersen, P. Absence and presence of fluid from normal and inflamed gingivae. Periodontics 3(4):171-177,1965. 14. Suppipat, N., and Suppipat, N. Evaluation of an electronic device for gingival fluid quantitation. J \ Periodontol 48(7):388-394,1977. 15. Jameson, L.M. Comparison of the volume of crevicular fluid from restored and nonrestored teeth. Thesis, Loyola University, Chicago, 1976. 16. Garnick, J.J.; Pearson, R.; and Harrell, D. The evaluation of the periotron. J Periodontol 50(7) :424-
Aldosterone excretion in essential hypertension.

ABSTRACT A study was made of the incidence of primary aldosteronism in patients with hypertension. The 24-hour urinary excretion of aldosterone was determined along with a number of other laboratory indices. No patient was included who had frank renal, liver or endocrine disease, or cardiac failure. The urinary aldosterone values for 38 hypertensive patients were elevated compared to the values for 18 normotensive subjects (controls). Whereas the values for the controls were normally distributed, those for the hypertensive patients appeared to fall into two groups. Seventy-five per cent of the aldosterone values for the hypertensive patients were distributed in the same way as those for the normotensive subjects, but the other 25 per cent were definitely elevated above the control level (about 17.5 μg. per twenty-four hours). A chi square calculation confirmed the suspected heterogeneity of the data on the hypertensive group as a whole; a t test showed the difference in the mean values for the two groups ...
Validation for a recirculation model.

Recent Clean Air Act regulations designed to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions have placed new restrictions on painting operations. Treating large volumes of air which contain dilute quantities of VOCs can be expensive. Recirculating some fraction of the air allows an operator to comply with environmental regulations at reduced cost. However, there is a potential impact on employee safety because indoor pollutants will inevitably increase when air is recirculated. A computer model was developed, written in Microsoft Excel 97, to predict compliance costs and indoor air concentration changes with respect to changes in the level of recirculation for a given facility. The model predicts indoor air concentrations based on product usage and mass balance equations. This article validates the recirculation model using data collected from a C-130 aircraft painting facility at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Air sampling data and air control cost quotes from vendors were collected for the Hill AFB paintin...
Approach and avoidance motivations in online auctions

This study examines, in an experimental setting, influencers of consumer bidding behaviour. We suggest that potential bidders are faced with two conflicting goals, i.e., approach and avoidance motives, and these conflicting motives may influence online bidding behaviour. Responses of 130 (n = 130) subjects to a total of 1300 auctions (ten auctions per subject) indicate that starting bid and current bid amounts influenced the approach motive. Consequently, subjects gravitated towards items with low starting bid and low current bids. Furthermore, the results suggest that high priced items and negative sellers' reputation led to an avoidance motive, and subjects were less likely to bid on such items.
The profile elevation scale and the impairment scale: two new summary scales for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Two new clinical summary scales have been developed for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. The scales were constructed in a derivation/crossvalidation design with a sample of 459 mixed brain impaired patients and 135 non-brain impaired persons. Preliminary evidence suggests that the Profile Elevation scale and the Impairment scale are psychometrically viable, produce additional information to what is offered by the current clinical summary scales, and deserve further investigation. Interpretations are suggested for the two new scales and supported by two neurosurgical case examples. The scales are also expected to offer the possibility of quick screening devices.
Separation of scandium-49 from a calcium target

Abstract A method is described for the rapid separation of Sc49 from a calcium target, following neutron irradiation. Disruption of the crystal structure of the calcium salt and precipation of an insoluble calcium derivative has permitted the recovery of 80 per cent of the Sc49. This is compared with a 20 per cent recovery by leaching of an insoluble calcium salt. From irradiation studies, Na24 is produced as a contaminant in analytical reagent calcium carbonate. For the preparation of curie amounts of Sc49 for use in tumor therapy, hundreds of millicuries of Na24 would be formed. Such levels would be unsatisfactory. Oпиcaн мetoд быctpoгo otдeлeния Sc49 ot кaльциeвoй мишeни, пocлe oблyчeния нeйtpoнaми. Paзpyшeниe ctpyкtypы кpиctaллa coли кaльция и ocaждeниe нepactвopимoгo пpoиэвoднoгo кaльция пoэвoляet пoлyчиtь oбpatнo 80 пpoцeнtoв cкaндия49. Эto пo cpaвнeнию c 20 пpoцeнtaми, вoэвpaщeнными выщeлaчивaниeм нepactвopимoй coли кaльция. Иэyчeниe oблyчeний пoкaэывaet, чto Na24 пoявляetcя кaк пpимecь в aнaлиtичecкoм peaкtив yглeкиcлoм кaльции. Пpи пpигotoвлeнии кpyucy;pи кoличectвa Sc49 для tepaпии oпyxoлeй, oбpaэyюtcя cotни милли-кюpи Na24 taкoe кoличectвo пpимecи являetcя нeyдoвлetвopиteльным.
Alkaline earth metal nitride compounds with the composition M2NX (M=Ca, Sr, Ba; X=□, H, Cl or Br)

Abstract The alkaline earth metal nitride compounds Ca 2 N, Sr 2 N, (Sr 0.48 Ba 0.52 ) 2 N, Ba 2 N, Sr 2 NCl and Sr 2 NBr have been synthesized and investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction. These compounds all have crystal structures closely related to the anti- α -NaFeO 2 structure type. The reaction products obtained from the nominal starting compositions “Ca 2 NH x ” (0⩽ x ⩽1) were also analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. With x ⩾0.75, Ca 2 NH 1− δ is the only product observed, but for x 2 N is found in equilibrium with Ca 2 NH 1− δ . An overview of M 2 NX and alkaline earth metal subnitride compounds compares the present results to literature data.
Sequence analysis of a cluster of twenty-one tRNA genes in Bacillus subtilis

The DNA sequence of a cluster of twenty-one tRNA genes distal to a rRNA gene set in B. subtilis was determined. None of the tRNA genes are repeated in the sequence. The only classes of tRNAs that are not represented are those for cysteine, glutamine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Three of the tRNA genes in this cluster do not have the 3'-CCA sequence encoded in the gene. There is no RNA polymerase terminator sequence in the region between the 5S gene and the first tRNA gene or within the tRNA gene cluster. A terminator sequence was found directly after the last tRNA gene. This rRNA and tRNA gene cluster probably represents one transcriptional unit. However, there may be an RNA polymerase promoter site within this sequence, which raises some interesting questions concerning the regulation of transcription for these tRNA genes.