cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship‐based intervention with at‐risk mothers: Factors affecting variations in outcome

Une comparaison de groupe effectuee a deja demontre que dans les familles faisant l'objet de l'intervention du Projet de Developpement Familial de l'Universite de Californie a Los Angeles (par opposition a un groupe qui n'avait pas fait l'objet de cette intervention), les meres reagissaient particulierement bien aux besoins de leurs nourrissons et les nourrissons etaient plus stables dans leur attachement a leur mere. L'etude que nous presentons examine si les variations trouvees dans ces resultats a la suite de la participation a une intervention basee sur la relation sont anticipees par la participation maternelle a l'intervention, le soutien du partenaire, les dimensions de la personnalite, et les interactions mere-nourrisson qui ont ete evaluees au debut du processus d'intervention. L'echantillon consiste en quarante cinq meres a risque pour un parentage inadequat, egalement pauvres et dans l'ensemble sans soutien. Nous avons trouve que, a l'âge de 12 mois, les variations de la reaction positive de l'enfant a la separation, le fait qu'il ou elle s'attende a ce que l'on prenne soin de lui (avait un sentiment de securite), et la reaction de la mere au besion de l'enfant sont anticipees par des variations dans la participation de la mere aux visites d'intervention a domicile durant la periode de 6 a 12 mois, ainsi que la qualite du soutien offert par son partenaire, mesure a l'âge de 6 mois, et sa propre confiance, sa capacite a former des relations stables et son manque de doute de soi. Les parents qui, a un mois, reagissaient aux besoins des bebes les plus apaises avaient bien plus de chance d'avoir des enfants stables a l'âge de 12 mois, mais ces associations n'etaient pas aussi solides que celles resumees ci-dessus.
Report of nationally representative values for the noninstitutionalized US adult population for 7 health-related quality-of-life scores.

Background. Despite widespread use of generic health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores, few have publicly published nationally representative US values. Purpose. To create current nationally representative values for 7 of the most common HRQoL scores, stratified by age and sex. Methods. The authors used data from the 2001 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) and the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), nationally representative surveys of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population. The MEPS was used to calculate 6 HRQoL scores: categorical self-rated health, EuroQoL-5D with US scoring, EuroQoL-5D with UK scoring, EuroQol Visual Analog Scale, mental and physical component summaries from the SF-12, and the SF-6D. The authors estimated Quality of Well-being scale scores from the NHIS. Results. They included 22,523 subjects from MEPS 2001 and 32,472 subjects from NHIS 2001. Most age and sex categories had instrument completion rates above 85%. Females reported lower scores than males ac...
Absorption kinetics of procainamide in humans

Plasma procainamide concentrations following the administration of 500 mg of procainamide hydrochloride via intravenous infusion, conventional capsules, and sustained-release tablets were compared in 11 healthy male volunteers. Two-compartment open modeling of the plasma levels from the intravenous infusion experiments yielded mean Kel, k12, and k21 values of 0.0162, 0.0542, and 0.0233 min-1, respectively. The bioavailability of the oral preparations (versus intravenous) averaged 83% for the capsule and 79% for the sustained-release tablet. Calculations using a previously reported method suggested that absorption was a first-order process with mean ka's of 0.0336 and 0.0039 min-1 for the capsule and sustained-release tablet, respectively. The sustained-release formulation exhibited delayed release and adequate bioavailability.
Rats’ responses to a moving object related to food or water: A behavior-systems analysis

The present experiments compared rats’ responses to a moving object (a rolling ball bearing) related to either food or water under both Pavlovian and operant contingencies. In Experiment 1, food-restricted rats contacted food-related bearings more frequently and with more complex response patterns than water-restricted rats contacted water-related bearings. Food-related contacts occurred with shorter latency, longer average duration, and increased likelihood of dig, carry, and chew. Experiment 2 revealed that once contact with the bearing had been established, its form persisted despite changes in the type of reward and restriction. In Experiment 3, rats that were simultaneously food and water restricted learned to discriminate between painted and unpainted bearings related to food versus no food, water versus no water, and food versus water. Again, food-related bearings produced more complex, although not more frequent, interactions than did water-related bearings. In none of the experiments did rats lick the ball bearing related to water. The results supported a behavior-system approach, but not the stimulus-substitution or arbitrary-operant accounts of conditioned-response topography.
Importance of Different Regions of H‐2 for MLC Stimulation

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the mouse is the strongest barrier to allograft survival. One measure of MHC disparity is the mixed leuk,ocyte culture (MLC) test in which lymphocytes from a potential recipient strain, respond to mitomycin C treated lymphocytes of a different donor strain, for example, in the mixture ABm. The MHC in the mouse can be divided into four different regions (from left to right) (Klein & Shreffler 19172): the H-2K region characterized by the H-2K locus, alleles of which determine serologically defined (SD) antigens; the immune response ( I r ) region which includes at least two loci determining immune responsiveness ( McDevitt & Benacerraf 1972, Lieberman & Humphrey 1972); the Ss region marked by the Ss-Slp locus (Passmore & Schreffler 1970); the H-2D region in which the H-2D locus determines a series of SD antigens. Recent evidence which we have obtained suggests that the strongest MLC activation in the mouse is associated with MHC dis-
Aquaculture pond temperature modeling

Abstract The prediction of aquaculture pond temperatures throughout the year is essential to the design and evaluation of potential aquaculture sites. A site may obtain the necessary heat inputs from the sun, geothermal wells or industrial and power plant waste heat. The amount of heat addition necessary is dependent upon climatic and environmental factors at the site. The MAPT (Maintenance of Aquaculture Pond Temperatures) model was developed to determine the potential for warm water aquaculture at any site in the world. Hot water sources and solar radiation provided the heat inputs to the model while the heats of evaporation, convection and radiation were responsible for the heat losses. The model was used to consider a variety of heat loss reduction methods, heat transfer methods and projected the pond temperatures and animal production rates. It has been applied to several sites around the world and provides an inexpensive means for evaluation of production potential without extensive site data collection.
Pilot Interaction With Cockpit Automation II: An Experimental Study of Pilots’ Model and Awareness of the Flight Management System

Technological developments have made it possible to automate more and more functions on the commercial aviation flight deck and in other dynamic high-consequence domains. This increase in the degrees of freedom in design has shifted questions away from narrow technological feasibility. Many concerned groups, from designers and operators to regulators and researchers, have begun to ask questions about how we should use the possibilities afforded by technology skillfully to support and expand human performance. In this article, we report on an experimental study that addressed these questions by examining pilot interaction with the current generation of flight deck automation. Previous results on pilot-automation interaction derived from pilot surveys, incident reports, and training observations have produced a corpus of features and contexts in which human-machine coordination is likely to break down (e.g., automation surprises). We used these data to design a simulated flight scenario that contained a variety of probes designed to reveal pilots' mental model of one major component of flight deck automation: the Flight Management System (FMS). The events within the scenario were also designed to probe pilots' ability to apply their knowledge and understanding in specific flight contexts and to examine their ability to track the status and behavior of the automated system (mode awareness). Although pilots were able to 'make the system work' in standard situations, the results reveal a variety of latent problems in pilot-FMS interaction that can affect pilot performance in nonnormal time critical situations.
Cyclotron Resonance in Tellurium

Cyclotron resonance of electrons and holes has been observed in tellurium single crystals at 24 and 70 GHz and at liquid helium temperatures. In pure specimens and at low temperatures the surfaces of constant energy for the holes are well described by 4 prolate ellipsoids of revolution about the c-axis located near the Brillouin Zone corners. At higher hole energies produced by thermal or optical excitation or by heavily doping the crystals, pairs of these ellipsoidal surfaces degenerate into dumbbell-shaped surfaces of revolution. The observed isotropic resonance of high mass electrons (m* = 0.75 m0) suggests an indirect gap at low temperatures.
The psychosocial aspects of strabismus in teenagers and adults and the impact of surgical correction

Purpose To evaluate the effect of surgical correction of strabismus on psychosocial parameters in teenagers and adults with a history of childhood-onset strabismus. Methods Consecutive patients older than 15 years of age who underwent strabismus surgery between 1997 and 2002 were contacted to complete a telephone questionnaire about their preoperative and postoperative psychosocial experiences. Formulas using the questionnaire answers were calculated to estimate the impact of strabismus on self-esteem, self-confidence, self-assessment of intelligence, effect on employment options, and interpersonal relationships preoperatively and to calculate the change in these parameters postoperatively. Results One hundred twenty-eight patients were identified with childhood-onset strabismus. Eighty-six percent (110/128) of patients reported that the strabismus caused them embarrassment preoperatively. These patients also reported trouble making eye contact (114/128) and developing mannerisms to camouflage their strabismus (96/128). The calculated preoperative self-esteem, self-confidence, and perceived intelligence scores were significantly improved following strabismus surgery. Conclusions Strabismus surgery to restore ocular alignment has a significant effect on patients' self-esteem and self-confidence in patients with childhood-onset strabismus.
Recent advances in vascular inflammation: C-reactive protein and other inflammatory biomarkers

Purpose of reviewInflammatory vascular diseases are initiated and perpetuated by the interaction of immune cells with cells of the affected vessel wall. This is directed by a network of chemical messengers, which, in a state of vascular health, exist as balanced but opposing forces. Our understandin
Materials for Teaching Hinduism

The course in non-Christian religions is always a difficult one to teach for it is usually added to the load of a professor who has had his training in some other field. Rarely has the teacher had the opportunity to travel in Asia or to know intimately people who as Buddhists, or Hindus, or Muslims live in a culture shaped by their faith. Even the books which we have available have usually been written by western Christians, describing other faiths from the Christian point of view. As we sat around listing the difficulties which we face in teaching religions other than our own we began to dream of the materials we should like to have. We decided that we should like to have a book written by devout followers of each non-Christian faith, but edited by a westerner so that it could be used with understanding by our undergraduates. Then, to help the student to realize that the religion is a vital contemporary force, we decided that we should like to have a recording of typical religious music and a collection of colored slides showing the practices which are followed today. I was asked to draw up a plan for such a project, and chose to work first with Hinduism since I had once lived in Hindu ashrams in India and felt strongly the need for materials which would present Hinduism as I had known it there. The plan was submitted to The National Council on Religion in Higher Education, and a generous grant from The Edward W. Hazen Foundation made it possible to undertake the task of gathering these materials. We drew up an outline of the material which we thought should be covered in a book describing Hinduism. When I got to India I made a tour of the chief cities and pilgrimage places, showing the outline to p ofessors, business men, swamis, and holy men, asking them if a book written to such an outline would be fair and representative. Many of their suggested additions and changes of emphasis were incorporated in the plan for the book. Then I pointed out that the book seemed to fall in seven sections and asked them who, in their opinion, w re the best people in the country to write the different parts. I stressed the fact that we wanted men who were recognized as devout Hindus as well as competent scholars. I i terviewed over a hundred suggested writers and finally chose seven who wrote he chapters requested. They turned out to be professors because I found that of the people I interviewed only those who had had the experience of teaching could hold themselves to an outline and could explain in simple terms the complex ideas of Hinduism.
Bladder leak point pressure: the measure for sphincterotomy success in spinal cord injured patients with external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia

AbstractPurpose: Transurethral resection of the external sphincter in patients with spinal cord injury and detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia has high failure and reoperation rates. Retrospectively we examined elevated bladder leak point pressure after transurethral resection of the external sphincter as an indicator of failure.Materials and Methods: A total of 55 spinal cord injury patients (mean age 50 years) underwent 1 or more sphincter resections, most recently a mean of 11 years ago. We reviewed the most recent urodynamic studies for bladder leak point pressure, bladder compliance and persisting external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Each patient was assessed for the presence of an indwelling catheter, upper tract damage, stones, bacteriuria, autonomic dysreflexia and vesicoureteral reflux. The incidence of each of these urodynamic and clinical parameters among patients with bladder leak point pressure less than 40 cm. water was compared to the incidence among those with bladder leak point pr...
Electrophoretic evidence for tetrasomic segregation in Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae)

Tetrasomic inheritance was documented for four loci (Fe-1, Pgi-2, Pgm-2, and Skdh) in the naturally occurring autotetraploid Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae). For these four loci tetrasomic segregation of the chromosomal type was observed in all cases; there was no evidence of chromatid segregation. For Tpi-2 the parental genotypes available for crosses precluded differentiation between digenic-disomic and tetrasomic models of inheritance. Whereas the genetic attributes of allopolyploids are well-known, few studies have attempted to provide genetic insights into autopolyploids. Tetrasomic inheritance has been considered a fundamental characteristic of autopolyploids, providing a genetic avenue through which autopolyploid speciation could successfully occur. Although tetrasomic inheritance has been demonstrated in several crop species, including alfalfa and potatoes, few studies have demonstrated the occurrence of tetrasomic inheritance in natural populations of plants.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POLITICAL REPRESSION ON CHILEAN EXILES IN THE U.S.

Interviews with 32 Chilean refugees elicited descriptive findings on the effects of detention and torture and subsequent exile in the U.S. It is suggested that exile for this group constitutes a continuation rather than a cessation of their suffering. Marital problems, economic hardship, and loneliness are recounted by the adults, while teachers and parents report adjustment and behavioral difficulties among the children. The influence of sociopolitical factors on these outcomes is discussed.
Surface Functionalized Polypropylene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adhesion Properties

Modification of polypropylene by hyperbranched grafting with a poly(acrylic acid) graft was carried out using techniques previously used with gold, aluminum, silicon, and polyethylene surfaces. An initial etching oxidation produced a modified polypropylene that was presumed to contain carboxylic acid functional groups (though none were detected by IR spectroscopy). Then, a series of repetitive grafting experiments using an α,ω-diamine derivative of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) were used to produce surfaces containing significant amounts of poly(acrylic acid). The resulting surfaces were characterized by ATR-IR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and XPS spectroscopy. Treatment of the surfaces with alkali produced a more hydrophilic carboxylate surface. Treatment of these surfaces first with ethyl chloroformate followed by pentadecylfluorooctylamine produced a hydrophobic fluorinated surface. Mechanical tests show that such surface modification not only serves as a route to modify polypropylene's hydrop...
Non-Gaussian corrections to the Gordon-Haus distribution resulting from soliton interactions

In a soliton transmission system, spontaneous emission noise owing to optical amplifiers leads to timing jitter that is usually assumed to be Gaussian distributed. It is shown that the mutual interaction of solitons in neighboring time slots can lead to non-Gaussian tails on the distribution function and to a substantial increase in the bit-error rate. It is argued that the approach used here will also be of use in the study of non-return-to-zero systems.
Direct activation of purified protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids (oleate and arachidonate) in the absence of phospholipids and Ca2

Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and arachidonic acid) activate purified protein kinase C independently of phospholipid and Ca2+. Oleic acid activation of protein kinase C is as effective as phosphatidylserine and Ca2+. Ka values for oleic acid and arachidonic acid are 50 and 53 microM, respectively. In contrast to the cis fatty acids, a trans form (elaidic acid) or a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) has little or no effect on protein kinase C activation. If cis fatty acid liberation is physiologically important, this suggests that another mechanism may exist for protein kinase C activation, in addition to phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol turnover signaling, possibly via the liberation of cis fatty acids by the Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 system.
Raman and far‐infrared spectra, conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, vibrational assignment and ab initio calculations of 2‐bromo‐3‐fluoropropene

The far-infrared spectrum (375–30 cm−1) of gaseous 2-bromo-3-fluoropropene, CH2C(CH2F)Br, was recorded at a resolution of 0.10 cm−1. The fundamental asymmetric torsional mode is observed at 112.6 cm−1 with four excited states falling to lower frequency for the s-cis (fluorine atom eclipsing the doubel bond) conformer. For the higher energy gauche conformer, the asymmetric torsion is tentatively assigned to a very weak band at 93.0 cm−1. From these data the asymmetric torsional potential was calculated. The potential function coefficients are calculated to be V1 = 306 ± 5, V2 = −120 ± 4, V3 = 928 ± 6, V4 = 118 ± 2 and V6 = 83 ± 2 cm−1, with an enthaply difference between the more stable s-cis and higher energy gauche conformers of 200 ± 30 cm−1 [572 ± 86 kcal mol−1 (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ)]. This function gives values of 1009 cm−1 (2.88 kcal mole−1), 1024 cm−1 (2.93 kcal mol−1) and 799 cm−1 (2.88 kcal mol−1), for the s-cis to gauche, gauche to gauche, and gauche to s-cis barriers, respectively. From the relative intensities of the Raman lines of the gas at 548 cm−1 (gauche) and 678 cm−1 (s-cis) as a function of temperature, the enthalpy difference is found to be 196 ± 23 cm−1 (560 ± 66 cal mol−1), and a similar study of the liquid gives a value of 66 ± 4 cm−1 (189 ± 11 cal mol−1) with the s-cis conformer the more stable rotamer in both of these phases. The s-cis conformer is the rotamer present in the crystalline solid. The Raman spectrum of the gas was recorded from 3500 to 70 cm−1 and, utilizing these data and previously reported infrared data, a complete vibrational analysis is proposed for both conformers. The conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation and fundamental vibrational frequencies, which were determined experimentally, are compared with those obtained from ab initio gradient calculations employing the RHF/LANL1DZ basis set and/or this basis set with electron correlation at the MP2 level, and with the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
Li-ion microbatteries generated by a laser direct-write method

A laser-based direct-write process is demonstrated as a method to fabricate Li-ion microbatteries. The battery electrodes are made by the laser-induced forward transfer of inks of charge-storage materials (composites of carbon/binder and LiCoO 2/carbon/binder) onto micromachined metal-foil current collectors to form 40–60m thick electrodes with 16 mm 2 ( 4m m× 4m m) footprints. Both half cells and packaged microbatteries display capacities of approximately 155Ah or 100 mAh/g, as normalized to the amount of LiCoO2, and are comparable to the capacities of control electrodes that have been stenciled and pressed. The electrode capacities are not compromised when they are assembled into microbatteries, packaged and tested in air. The density and volumetric capacity of the laser-transferred electrodes are lower than those reported for sputtered thin-film microbatteries, yet the former electrodes can be made thicker and therefore deliver the same amount of charge from a smaller footprint. The data indicate that this laser direct-write method may be a viable approach for developing Li-ion microbattery systems for autonomous microelectronic devices and microsensors. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
What Effects Have Resident Work-hour Changes Had on Education, Quality of Life, and Safety? A Systematic Review

Background More than 15 years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified medical error as a problem worthy of greater attention; in the wake of the IOM report, numerous changes were made to regulations to limit residents’ duty hours. However, the effect of resident work-hour changes remains controversial within the field of orthopaedics.
Force-Induced Bidirectional Stepping of Cytoplasmic Dynein

Cytoplasmic dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor whose mechanism of movement remains poorly understood. Here, we use optical tweezers to examine the force-dependent stepping behavior of yeast cytoplasmic dynein. We find that dynein primarily advances in 8 nm increments but takes other sized steps (4–24 nm) as well. An opposing force induces more frequent backward stepping by dynein, and the motor walks backward toward the microtubule plus end at loads above its stall force of 7 pN. Remarkably, in the absence of ATP, dynein steps processively along microtubules under an external load, with less force required for minus-end- than for plus-end-directed movement. This nucleotide-independent walking reveals that force alone can drive repetitive microtubule detachment-attachment cycles of dynein's motor domains. These results suggest a model for how dynein's two motor domains coordinate their activities during normal processive motility and provide new clues for understanding dynein-based motility in living cells.
Resonating-group calculation of n + H 3 scattering

The single-channel resonating-group method with a central nucleon-nucleon potential is used to study the $n$ + $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ system up to a c.m. energy of about 17 MeV. The specific distortion of the triton in this system is investigated, and it is found that its effect on the $n$ + $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ phase shifts is small. A phenomenological imaginary potential is included in the calculation in order to account approximately for the effects of reactions on the elastic channel. The strength of this potential is chosen to reproduce measured total reaction cross sections for the charge-conjugate system $p$ + $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. The results of the calculation are in satisfactory agreement with measured $n$ + $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ elastic differential cross sections.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{3}\mathrm{H}(n, n)$, ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=4.5\ensuremath{-}17.25$ MeV; calculated phase shifts and $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; studied specific distortion. Resonating-group method with imaginary potential.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a localized disorder of subchondral bone and the overlying articular cartilage characterized by softening of the articular cartilage, early articular cartilage separation, partial detachment of the articular lesion, and separation with loose body formation. Clinical signs and symptoms of OCD of the knee, the most commonly affected joint, include aching and activity-related pain localized to the anterior aspect of the knee. Diagnostic imaging studies, such as plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and technetium bone scans, should be performed when appropriate to characterize the lesion in terms of size and location, and to determine whether it is stable, unstable, or a full-thickness defect with or without loose bodies. Treatment options depend on various factors, including the skeletal maturity of the patient and the severity of the OCD lesion. At our institution, we consider a 3-phase nonoperative management protocol (brief periods of immobilization, rehabilitation, gradual return to activity) for patients with wide-open physes. We reserve operative treatment for those patients with detached or unstable lesions, those approaching skeletal maturity, and those who have failed conservative treatment. Regardless of the surgical technique employed, it is important to realize that the successful treatment of OCD depends on a timely diagnosis.
Who wrote this paper? Learning for authorship de-identification using stylometric featuress

In this paper, we propose to combine stylometric features and neural networks for authorship de-identification. Our research mainly focuses on scientific publications, because scholarly journals are publicly available with plenty of labeled data to learn an author's style or traits. The main challenge of authorship de-identification is to identify features which can properly capture an author's writing style. In the proposed design, we choose a combination of stylometric features, including lexical, syntactic, structural and content-specific features, to represent each author's style and use them to build classification models. We manually collect publications from computer science and biomedicine domains and validate our designs by using a number of classification methods. Our experiments show that among four well-known classifiers, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers achieve the best performance for authorship de-identification.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Fingolimod Analogues—Discovery of an Orally Active Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Type-1 Agonist and Receptor Type-3 Antagonist

Compound 1 (FTY720, Fingolimod) represents a new generation of immunosuppressant that modulates lymphocyte trafficking by interacting with the S1P1 receptor. Compound 1 also provides a template molecule for studying the molecular biology of S1P receptors and related enzymes (kinases and phosphatases). In this study, two conformationally constrained analogues of 1 (3a and 3c) were asymmetrically synthesized in high optical purity. In vitro assessment documented that both analogues are Sphk2 substrates, their phosphorylated species are potent S1P1 receptor agonists, and 3a-P is a potent S1P3 antagonist. After oral administration in mice, both compounds evoked lymphopenia, but their duration of action differed markedly.
Ontological Explorations A Narrative Approach

In an effort to investigate the epistemological implications of a stable notion of ontology, and thus concerns about bodily determinism, the author offers narratives that explore how the material b...
Transforming gene of a human leukaemia cell is unrelated to the expressed tumour virus related gene of the cell.

The virally encoded oncogenes (v-onc) of avian and mammalian retroviruses are the recombinant products of normal cellular genes (c-onc) and a retro viral genome1,2. These cellular homologues have been highly conserved during evolution and are found in human DNA1,2. The expression of at least one c-onc under the control of a viral promoter results in transformation of cells in a manner resembling that displayed by the v-onc counterpart3; the inappropriate expression of c-onc in the absence of viral influences could likewise result in the malignant state4. This proposal would be strongly supported by the presence of c-onc RNAs in a variety of human tumours were they not also demonstrable in normal tissues5–7. The role of these RNAs in the oncogenic process remains unclear. Here we report that RNA homologous to the oncogene (v-abl) of Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MLV) is expressed in a unique human leukaemia in a fashion different from that of other human tissues and tumours. In addition, DNA from this tumour transforms NIH-3T3 cells at a high efficiency in a transfection assay. The transfected sequences are not related to the v-abl gene, but the NIH-3T3 transformants manufacture a transforming growth factor which behaves similarly to factors produced by A-MLV-transformed NIH-3T3 fibroblasts.
Biomimetic Catalysis of Intermodular Aminoacyl Transfer

Intermodular aminoacyl transfer is the fundamental bond-forming reaction in the biosynthesis of polypeptides by ribosomes and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Here we report the design and functional characterizations of short synthetic α-helical peptides that mimic the aminoacyl loading and intermodular aminoacyl transfer steps of NRPS with aminolysis rate enhancements in neutral aqueous solutions of up to 5400-fold (kcat/kuncat). The catalysts operate as noncovalently associated peptide assemblies with composite active sites fashioned at the interface between helical subunits. Following the substrate loading at the active site cysteine, the juxtaposition of the resulting aminoacyl thiolester and the nucleophilic amine of the acyl acceptor moiety gives rise to high effective concentrations (up to 54 M) that facilitate interhelical aminoacyl transfer with rates typically exceeding 10-4 sec-1. Moreover, studies based on homo- and heteromeric assemblies, active site amino acid substitutions, kinetic...
Stabilization of uranium(IV) in heteropoly anions

The heteropoly anions [UIVMo12O42]8−(UMo12), [UIVW10O36]8− (UW10), [UIV(PW11O39)2]10 [U(PW11)2] and [UIV(SiW11O39)2]12 [U(SiW11)2] were examined by cyclic voltammetry on a wax-impregnated carbon electrode. Reversible one-electron oxidations were observed for UMo12 (E = +0.91 V vs see at pH = ca. 0), U(PW11 )2 (E = +0.60 V at pH 4.4) and U(SiW11)2 (E = +0.19 V at pH 4.4). No oxidation of UW10 was detected at potentials prior to oxygen discharge (ca. +0.9 V at pH 7). Controlled potential oxidation of aqueous solutions of UMo12 gave unstable solutions of [UVMo12O42]7−. Oxidation of U(PW11)2 was achieved in aqueous and nonaqueous (acetonitrile, propylene carbonate) solution. The electronic spectra of UVMo12 and UV(PW11)2 are reported and are discussed in terms of UO12 (/y) and UO8 (D4d) chromophores respectively. Possibilities for geometrical and optical isomers of U(XW 11)2 anions are considered. Solutions of brucinium salts of U(PWI I)2 and UW10 in dimethyl formamide show induced Cotton effects at wavelengths corresponding to the f-f transitions of UIV. The voltammograms of UMo12, ThMo12 and CeMo12 show an irreversible twelve-electron reduction at -0.25 V. The pale brown reduced solutions cannot be reoxidized to the original heteropoly anions.
Conformation of 2-aminofluorene-modified DNA.

Minimized potential-energy calculations were performed to determine the conformation of the 2-aminofluorene (AF) adduct to dCpdG at guanine C-8. The AF adduct has many low-energy conformers in both the anti and the syn domains of the guanine. This is in contrast with the acetylated adduct, (AAF), which greatly prefers the syn domain. Two types of low-energy guanine anti-conformations were obtained: (1) conformers that preserve guanine-cytidine stacking and (2) conformers with fluorene-cytidine stacking. Of special importance are conformers with omega,omega,phi = g/sup -/,g/sup -/,g/sup +/, characteristic of normal A- or B-helices, which are found in both groups. No conformers of this type were obtained for the acetylated AAF adduct. The guanine-cytidine stacked form with this conformation can be incorporated in the B-helix without any distortion, with the carcinogen situated at the helix exterior. The fluorene in this model can slide into the helix to yield a fluorene-cytidine stacked minimum-energy conformation. This requires no denaturation, although one base pair is unstacked and the helix axis is bent. Low-energy syn-conformations, similar to those obtained for the AAF adduct, were also computed. These were either guanine-cytidine stacked or fluorene-cytidine stacked. The syn forms are less likely to be observed in larger DNA polymers ofmore » the AF adduct, since they cause more distortion than the anti-conformations. However, they might well be observed in crystals of small subunits, and they should contribute significantly to the population in solution. 56 references, 10 figures, 5 tables.« less
Management of Venous Ulcers

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) results from venous hypertension secondary to superficial or deep venous valvular reflux, as well as venous obstruction. The most severe clinical manifestation of CVI is venous leg ulceration that can result in significant morbidity, including venous gangrene and amputation, albeit rare. Treatment modalities are aimed at reducing venous hypertension. Diuretic therapy, although widely used, only provides short-term improvement of the edema but provides no long-term benefit. Compression therapy is the cornerstone in the management of CVI. Compression can be achieved using compression bandaging, compression pumps, or graduated compression stockings. Topical steroid creams may reduce inflammation, venous eczema, and pain in the short term, but they can be detrimental in the long run. Apligraf (a living, bilayered, cell-based product) in conjunction with compression therapy was noted to be more effective in healing venous leg ulcerations, when compared with treatment with compression therapy and zinc paste. Endovascular and surgical techniques that minimize valvular reflux and relieve venous obstruction improve venous hemodynamics, promoting wound healing.
Ultrafast multi-phasic electron injection in efficient non-aggregated hyperbranched zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells

A novel hyperbranched zinc phthalocyanine dye, i.e. HBZnPc-COOH, was synthesized, characterized, and applied into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as TiO 2 sensitizer. UV-visible absorption, steady-state fluorescence, femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, current–voltage characteristics, and photoelectrical properties of the active material/device were investigated. The utilization of hyperbranched structure was proved to be able to solve the aggregation issue of phthalocyanine dyes on TiO 2 surface which has been widely considered as one of the key limiting issues that severely lower the efficiencies of phthalocyanine dye sensitized solar cells. With appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, HBZnPc-COOH exhibited efficient and ultrafast multi-phasic electron injection from both the Soret band and Q band to the conduction band of TiO 2 , leading to a solar cell power conversion efficiency of 1.15% and a high incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 66.7% at 670 nm.
Exogenous NT-3 mitigates the transganglionic neuropeptide Y response to sciatic nerve injury

Peripheral sciatic nerve transection injury produces a marked increase in immunoreactive NPY in rat lumbar DRG and, as a 'transganglionic' response, in their central axonal projections to the dorsal spinal cord and gracile nuclei. Local application of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) using implanted silicone chambers applied to the proximal transected sciatic nerve stump significantly diminished the transganglionic NPY response in the gracile nucleus and spinal cord but did not affect the CGRP transganglionic response. Conversely, local application of NGF affected the transganglionic CGRP response to axotomy but did not substantially affect transganglionic gracile NPY upregulation.
Persistence through function preservation

When do the folk think that material objects persist? Many metaphysicians have wanted a view which fits with folk intuitions, yet there is little agreement about what the folk intuit. I provide a range of empirical evidence which suggests that the folk operate with a teleological view of persistence: the folk tend to intuit that a material object survives alterations when its function is preserved. Given that the folk operate with a teleological view of persistence, I argue for a debunking explanation of folk intuitions, concluding that metaphysicians should dismiss folk intuitions as tied into a benighted view of nature.
The effects of brain tissue decomposition on diffusion tensor imaging and tractography

There have been numerous high resolution diffusion tensor imaging studies in fixed animal brains, but relatively few studies in human brains. While animal tissues are generally fixed pre-mortem or directly postmortem, this is not possible for human tissue, therefore there is always some delay between death and tissue fixation. The elapsed time between death and tissue fixation, the postmortem interval (PMI), will most likely adversely affect the tissue's diffusion properties. We studied the effects of PMI on the diffusion properties of rodent brain. Eight mice were euthanized and the brains (kept in the skull) were placed in formalin at PMIs of 0, 1, 4 and 14 days. Post fixation they were placed in a solution of GdDTPA and phosphate buffered saline. Brains were scanned with a 3D EPI DTI sequence at 4.7T. DTI data were processed to generate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. DTI tractography was also performed. The temporal changes in regional ADC and FA values were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA, followed by individual Student's T-tests. Regional FA and ADC of gray and white matter decreased significantly with time (p<0.05). DTI tractography showed a decrease in the number and coherence of reconstructed fiber pathways between PMIs 0 and 14. Elapsed time between death and tissue fixation has a major effect upon the brain's diffusion properties and should be born in mind when interpreting fixed brain DTI.
Changes in chromatin composition and hormone binding during chick oviduct development

Abstract 1. 1. Previous studies have demonstrated that progesterone, complexed with the oviduct receptor protein, is extensively bound by the deoxyribonucleoproteins (chromatin) of the mature chick oviduct. The chromatin of other tissues of the chick did not display this extensive binding. Results of studies presented here show that the progesterone receptor complex is extensively bound by the chromatin of the chick oviduct at all stages of development. 2. 2. Analyses of the chromatins indicate that the levels of nonhistone (acidic) protein and RNA as well as the ability of the chromatins to serve as a template for DNA-dependent RNA synthesis are altered in a specific pattern during differentiation of the chick oviduct. Differences in the levels of histones were less and showed no specific pattern. The capacity of the oviduct chromatins to bind the progesterone-receptor complex also varies throughout the development of the oviduct. The extent of binding the hormone receptor complex appears to be correlated with the levels of acidic proteins and RNA of the oviduct chromatins. 3. 3. Since chromatin of the undifferentiated oviduct binds the progesterone-receptor complex more extensively than the chromatins of other tissues, e.g., spleen or erythrocyte, it is speculated that the hormone binding capacity is not established during the estrogen induced maturation of the oviduct but must be established earlier at some stage of organogenesis of the chick oviduct.
Variable Phase Method for the Calculation of the Scattering Phase Shift: The Bound-State Region

Abstract Variable phase methods for the calculation of the scattering phase shift in non-relativistic, quantum mechanical potential scattering are investigated with emphasis on their use for negative energies (bound-state region) and general (not necessarily integral) angular momenta. Of the various phase methods known to be valid for positive energies (scatering region), some remain valid and some become invalid for negative energies. One of the phase methods demonstrated to be valid for both positive and negative energies is fast for numerical computation of the scattering phase shift and so is useful for phenomenological investigations.
Association of cystatin C with poor exercise capacity and heart rate recovery: data from the heart and soul study.

Background Cystatin C, an alternative serum measure of kidney function, is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We hypothesized that serum cystatin C concentration would have a stronger more linear association with cardiovascular functional status than creatinine-based measures in outpatients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods We measured serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, and eGFR in 906 outpatients with established CHD. We examined the association of these 3 measures of kidney function with treadmill exercise capacity (metabolic equivalent tasks achieved) and heart rate recovery (HRR) between peak and 1 minute after exercise by using linear and logistic regression. Results Higher cystatin C concentrations were associated linearly with worse treadmill exercise capacity and HRR. The proportion of participants with poor exercise capacity (metabolic equivalent tasks achieved 1.30 mg/L) compared with 12% (29 of 241 participants) among those with cystatin C levels in the lowest quartile ( Conclusion In patients with established CHD, cystatin C concentrations are associated linearly with worse exercise capacity and HRR. Cystatin C detects an association of impaired kidney function with decreased HRR and exercise capacity that is not fully captured using creatinine-based measurements.
High prevalence of rare dopamine receptor D4 alleles in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Associations have been reported of the 7-repeat (7R) allele of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with both the personality trait of novelty seeking and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The increased prevalence of the 7R allele in ADHD probands is consistent with the common variant-common disorder hypothesis, which proposes that the high frequency of many complex genetic disorders is related to common DNA variants. Recently, based on the unusual DNA sequence organization and strong linkage disequilibrium surrounding the DRD4 7R allele, we proposed that this allele originated as a rare mutational event, which nevertheless increased to high prevalence in human populations by positive selection. We have now determined, by DNA resequencing of 250 DRD4 alleles obtained from 132 ADHD probands, that most ADHD 7R alleles are of the conserved haplotype found in our previous 600 allele worldwide DNA sample. Interestingly, however, half of the 24 haplotypes uncovered in ADHD probands were novel (not one of the 56 haplotypes found in our prior population studies). Over 10 percent of the ADHD probands had these novel haplotypes, most of which were 7R allele derived. The probability that this high incidence of novel alleles occurred by chance in our ADHD sample is much less than 0.0001. These results suggest that allelic heterogeneity at the DRD4 locus may also contribute to the observed association with ADHD.
Closed form constitutive equations for metal matrix composites

Abstract Explicit constitutive equations are given for the prediction of the overall behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites whose constituents are elastoplastic materials. The closed form expressions in these constitutive relations solely involve the elastic and inelastic properties of the phases as well as the fibers volume ratio. In the elastic region the average stress-strain relations are expressed in terms of the effective elastic moduli of the composite, all of which are given by closed form expressions. The derived constitutive relations can be readily implemented for the analysis of metal matrix composites and inelastic composite structures.
Circuit placement chip optimization, and wire routing for IBM IC technology

Recent advances in integrated circuit technology have imposed new requirements on the chip physical design process. At the same time that performance requirements are increasing, the effects of wiring on delay are becoming more significant. Larger chips are also increasing the chip wiring demand, and the ability to efficiently process these large chips in reasonable time and space requires new capabilities from the physical design tools. Circuit placement is done using algorithms which have been used within IBM for many years, with enhancements as required to support additional technologies and larger data volumes. To meet timing requirements, placement may be run iteratively using successively refined timing-derived constraints. Chip optimization tools are used to physically optimize the clock trees and scan connections, both to improve clock skew and to improve wirability. These tools interchange sinks of equivalent nets, move and create parallel copies of clock buffers, add load circuits to balance c lock net loads, and generate balanced clock tree routes. Routing is done using a grid-based, technology-independent router that has been used over the years to wire chips. There are numerous user controls for specifying router behavior in particular areas and on particular interconnection levels, as well as adjacency restrictions.