cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources of Social Support and Conflict for Polish Immigrants

In this study, 25 Polish immigrants from three waves of migration to the United States were interviewed regarding their sources of social support and how social relationships facilitated their psychosocial adaptation to various stages of resettlement. Findings documented that coethnics were a major source of support, particularly during early resettlement before the study participants could access support from Americans. However, social support was not automatically forthcoming from coethnics; various contingencies for social support (i.e., resource availability, perceived cultural similarities, and so forth) differed according to people's ethnic and migration characteristics and made it problematic to obtain emotional and instrumental support from the same source. Segmentation of emotional and instrumental support by source contributed to conflict among people from different waves of migration and made it difficult for newly arrived immigrants to obtain greatly needed social support.
EQUILIBRIUM AND NONEQUILIBRIUM CRYOPRESERVATION OF EMBRYOS

Cryopreservation permits ova and embryos of a wide variety of mammalian species to be stored for extended times without loss of their functional capability to develop into live young. It has become an important adjunct to many disciplines of biology, medicine, and agriculture. The first successful procedures of embryo preservation utilized methods in which the embryos were permitted to achieve approximate osmotic equilibrium both before and during cooling to low subzero temperatures. This required that embryos be cooled in molar concentrations of cryoprotectants at rather low rates. Survival resulted from the fact that slow cooling permitted time for the embryos to undergo osmotic contraction by the efflux of cell water in response to gradually increasing concentrations of the extracellular solution. Efforts both to derive simpler and faster methods of cryopreservation, and to elucidate mechanisms of cryoinjury have yielded remarkable results. High survival can also be achieved under conditions in which the embryos are not in osmotic equilibrium. Partial dehydration either before rapid cooling to low temperatures or during brief exposure to intermediate subzero temperatures also yields high survival of cryopreserved embryos. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium preservation can be viewed as a continuum, explicable by osmotic responses of ova and embryos.
Theoretical analysis of radioactivity profiles during fast axonal transport: effects of deposition and turnover.

In a preceding study [Blum, J.J., and Reed, M.C. (1985): Cell Motil. 5:507-527], factors responsible for the shape and velocity of the leading edge of the radiolabeled organelle profile were analyzed, but processes that might influence the shape of the plateau-like region behind the advancing wave were ignored. It is now shown that deposition of material from the fast transport system into membrane-associated structures, degradation of such deposited material and its return to the soma by the retrograde transport system, or leakage of radiolabeled material from the axon can account for the shape of the plateau. Furthermore, these processes are compatible with the maintenance of such structural inhomogeneities as the nodes of Ranvier.
Specificity and Regenerability of Short Peptide Ligands Supported on Polymer Layers for Immunoglobulin G Binding and Detection

We demonstrate the specificity, regenerability, and excellent storage stability of short peptide-based systems for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The bioactive component consisted of acetylated-HWRGWVA (Ac-HWRGWVA), a peptide with high IgG binding affinity, which was immobilized onto copolymer matrixes of poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(AMA-co-HEMA)). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) were utilized with other complementary techniques to systematically investigate interfacial activities, mainly IgG binding performance as a function of the graft density and degree of polymerization of the poly(AMA-co-HEMA) support layer. Results from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy indicate that the bioactive system is highly specific to IgG and resistant to nonspecific interactions when tested in mixed protein solutions.
Cost-aware downlink scheduling of shared channels for cellular networks with relays

This paper proposes a new scheduling scheme that exploits multiuser diversity to improve the shared channel utilization and the downlink capacity of the cell by reducing the intra cell interference in CDMA based cellular networks with relays. The scheduling algorithm accomplishes this by choosing a one hop (base station to mobile) or two hop(base station to relay and then from relay to mobile) path that yields the best channel throughput while using low transmission power for the shared channel. The reduction in transmission power(cost) for the shared channel reduces the total base station transmit power, thus reducing the multi-access interference and improving the downlink capacity. Simulation results show that by making use of relays the proposed scheduling scheme improves the throughput and channel conditions of the users on the shared channel and at the same time reduces the interference for other users.
Molecular genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis

Tuberculosis (TB) has afflicted humankind throughout history. Approximately one third of the world's population is currently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nearly two million people die of TB annually. Although much has been learned about the structure of the tubercle bacillus, the epidemiology of TB, the physiological and immunological responses of the host to infection, and the physiology of M. tuberculosis in laboratory broth cultures, much of the basic biology of M. tuberculosis in its natural setting (the infected human) remains to be elucidated. Within the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in the development of genetic and molecular biological tools with which to study M. tuberculosis. This review discusses the approaches that have been employed and the progress that has been made in discovering how M. tuberculosis has achieved its prowess as a successful pathogen.
Planar Detonation Wave Initiation in Large-Aspect-Ratio Channels

In this study, two initiator designs are presented that are able to form planar detonations with low input energy in large-aspect-ratio channels over distances corresponding to only a few channel heights. The initiators use a single spark and an array of small channels to shape the detonation wave. The first design, referred to as the static initiator, is simple to construct as it consists of straight channels which connect at right angles. However, it is only able to create planar waves using mixtures that can reliably detonate in its small-width channels. An improved design, referred to as the dynamic initiator, is capable of detonating insensitive mixtures using an oxyacetylene gas slug injected into the initiator shortly before ignition, but is more complex to construct. The two versions are presented next, including an overview of their design and operation. Design drawings of each initiator are available elsewhere [7]. Finally, photographs and pressure traces of the resulting planar waves generated by each device are shown.
A GTRBAC based system for dynamic workflow composition and management

In this paper, we propose an architecture for adaptive real-time workflow-based collaborative system. Such a system is needed to support real-time communication and sharing of information among predefined or ad hoc team of users collaborating with each other for the execution of their respective tasks in the workflow. A key requirement for real-time workflow system is to provide the right data to the right person at the right time. In addition, the workflow needs to be reconfigured if a subtask of a workflow cannot be executed within the due time. We use the generalized temporal role-based access control (GTRBAC) model to capture the real-time dependencies of such workflow applications. In addition, support for triggers in GTRBAC allows dynamic adaptation of workflow based on the occurrence of certain events. Such adaptations may include rescheduling of workflow tasks, reassignment of users to scheduled tasks based on their availability and skill level, and abortion of incomplete tasks.
Minimum Mean-Squared Error Pilot-Aided Transmission for MIMO Doubly Selective Channels

This paper considers cyclic-prefixed block-based pilot-aided transmission (PAT), with possibly superimposed pilot and data symbols, over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) doubly selective channels (DSCs) that obey a complex-exponential basis expansion model. First, a tight lower bound on the mean-squared error (MSE) of pilot-aided channel estimates is derived, along with necessary and sufficient conditions on pilot/data patterns that achieve this bound. From these conditions, novel minimum-MSE (MMSE) PAT schemes are proposed and upper/lower bounds on their achievable rates are derived. The pilot/data power allocation that maximizes the lower bound is also derived. A high-SNR asymptotic analysis of the achievable rates is then performed, which suggests that the channel spreading parameters should be taken into account when choosing among MMSE-PAT schemes. The number of antennas maximizing the high-SNR achievable rates is also derived.
Nebulization of N-Acetylcysteine Combined with a Bronchodilator in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis A Controlled Study*

In a controlled seven week study in ten patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, nebulized N-acetylcysteine combined with racemic epinephrine was highly effective in thinning sputum. By contrast, nebulized saline plus racemic epinephrine tended to make the sputum thicker in these same patients. Neither the N-acetylcysteine-racemic epinephrine combination nor the saline-racemic epinephrine aerosol exhibited any observable effect on the chest roentgenogram, spirometric measurements or sputum volume in this group of patients. The bronchial obstruction previously observed with N-acetylcysteine alone did not occur when the drug was nebulized with racemic epinephrine. We would conclude that whenever N-acetylcysteine is administered, a bronchodilator should be nebulized concomitantly unless there is a clear contraindication to its use.
Insulin Rapidly Induces Rat Liver S14 Gene Transcription

We evaluated the role insulin plays in the regulation of hepatic S14 gene transcription using the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Nuclear run-on activity and mRNAS14 levels were reduced by more than 85% in diabetic rats compared to those in intact animals. After the administration of insulin, both S14 run-on activity and mRNAS14 levels were rapidly induced. Within 1 h of insulin administration, S14 run-on activity and mRNAS14 were induced 5- and 8-fold, respectively. S14 gene expression was restored to intact levels within 4 h, with overall increases in run-on activity and mRNAS14 of 7- and 20-fold, respectively. The full induction of mRNAS14 cannot be accounted for solely by activation of S14 gene transcription, implicating insulin effects at the posttranscriptional level. However, our results show that the principal target for insulin action on the S14 gene is transcriptional. Administration of dibutryl cAMP and theophylline fully blocked the insulin-mediated increase in S14 gene transcription, indicating that hepatic cAMP levels play a dominant negative role in regulating S14 gene transcription in vivo. Fructose administration to starved diabetic rats induced only a marginal 60% increase in mRNAS14 and S14 run-on activity within 4 h, while insulin plus fructose or insulin plus glucose fully restored S14 gene expression to intact levels within the same time period. Thus, dietary fructose or a metabolite generated from fructose alone cannot induce S14 gene transcription or mRNAS14 to intact levels in the starved diabetic rat. Acute effects of dietary carbohydrate on hepatic S14 gene transcription are insulin dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Type A Behavior and Psychophysiological Responses in Adult Women

The purpose of this study was to assess both coronary-prone behavior and physiological responses to stress in adult women. Forty-one women, aged 25–55, were tested; half were professional or executive-level employed women, the remainder were housewives. Based on the Jenkins Activity Survey, the working women scored as strong Type A's; the housewife group contained both A's and B's. The heart rate, blood pressure and skin conductance responses were compared for these groups while they rested, performed math problems, and attempted to solve visual puzzles. Type A women showed higher heart rates and larger increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; Type B women showed larger phasic heart rate decelerations. Employment was not a prerequisite for increased cardiovascular responsivity in Type A's; however, the unemployed Type A's indicated a desire to work. Given the similarities between employment status, Type A behavior and physiological responses in these working women as compared to men, their risk for coronary heart disease may also be similar.
Slope stability hazard assessment: Coalport Railway Bridge, Shropshire

Objectives Escalating costs, disputes and delays can arise during construction as a result of inadequate research at the early stages of project development. The assessment of slope stability hazard described in this case history illustrates the relative ease, and therefore low cost, of rapidly accessing and evaluating a wide range of desk study and walkover survey data pertinent to a construction project. The project Coalport is a village on the north bank of the River Severn in the Ironbridge Gorge, near the new town of Telford, Shropshire. Coalport Railway Bridge (BC 17) is at the site of the former Coalport Railway Station. It is immediately adjacent to the much older Coalport (river) Bridge and carries the road from the river bridge across the former railway line (see Figs 1 and 2). As part of a programme of bridge inspection and strengthening, the Commission for New Towns engaged WS Atkins to assess the condition of Railway Bridge BC 17 and make recommendations for remedial measures. An initial inspection of the Railway Bridge concluded that it was in a poor state of repair and that it may be at risk from ground movements caused by landslipping, being in an area that is well known for the presence of landslips (Carson & Fisher 1991). A more detailed desk study, including a walk-over survey, was therefore carried out specifically to assess the landslide hazard at the railway bridge and to help design the ground investigation that was planned as part of the design of remedial works to the bridge’s abutments.
Plant Tissue Analysis to Assess Phosphorus and Potassium Nutritional Status of Corn and Soybean

There is a need for reevaluating the value of tissue testing in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for current yield levels and genotypes. The objective of this research was to determine tissue critical P and K concentrations for these crops at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Response trials were conducted in Iowa at 30 sites for P (32 site-years with corn and 34 with soybean) and at 53 sites for K (67 site-years with corn and 52 with soybean). We sampled whole plants at the V5-V6 stage, corn ear-leaf blades at the R1 stage, and trifoliate soybean leaves at the R2-R3 stage. Critical concentration ranges (CCRs) were defined using linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models. All models fit significantly (P ≤ 0.01). Model R² values were the lowest (0.31–0.45) for corn plant P, soybean plant and leaf P, and soybean plant K; intermediate (0.51–0.53) for corn plant and leaf K and soybean leaf K; and the highest (0.62–0.64) for corn leaf P. For corn plants and leaves, CCRs were 4.8 to 5.5 and 2.5 to 3.1 g P kg¯¹ and 18.8 to 25.4 and 10.6 to 14.2 g K kg¯¹, respectively. For soybean plants and leaves, CCRs were 3.3 to 4.1 and 3.5 to 4.7 g P kg¯¹ and 18.9 to 22.7 and 15.6 to 19.9 g K kg¯¹, respectively. Testing of corn ear-leaves for P was more accurate than for plants but either tissue provided similar K assessments. Testing soybean plants for P was more accurate than for leaves, but for K testing of leaves was more accurate than for plants.
FLORAL MANIPULATION BY LASIOGLOSSUM ZEPHYRUM (HYMENOPTERA: HALICTIDAE) ENSURES FIRST ACCESS TO FLORAL REWARDS BY INITIATING PREMATURE ANTHESIS OF XYRIS TENNESSEENSIS (XYRIDACEAE) FLOWERS

"The early bird gets the worm," is a cliche that often comes to mind when considering cases of exploitative competition in nature. In order to gain first access to pollen in flowers, some bees have been observed to chew holes in unopened flowers and poricidal anthers (Renner 1983; Young 1983; Hurd & Linsley 1963). Here we describe an interesting case of a bee, Lasioglossum zephyrum (Smith), manipulating a flower to open prematurely, thus ensuring first access to the floral rewards of Xyris tenneseensis Kral. Xyris tenneseensis is federally listed as endangered (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1994), and is only known from 14 extant populations. Our observations are restricted to a large population of X. tenneseensis located along the edge of a springfed pond in Fort McClellan, AL.Xyris tenneseensis is perennial, producing one flower (rarely two) per day from a cone-like inflorescence. The flower bud emerges from the inflorescence (Fig. la) approximately 45 minutes prior to natural anthesis. At this time a translucent membranaceous sepal sheaths the entire flower bud. As the bud continues to emerge, the flower petals exert outward pressure on the sheath-like sepal. This outward pressure on the sheath-like sepal causes it to slide up the flower bud and form an air-filled membranaceous bubble atop the bud (Fig. 2b). Eventually the pressure exerted by the petals causes the sheath to fall off the flower, allowing the flower to open. The flower stays open for a few hours after which the corolla closes and falls off the inflorescence. Xyris tenneseensis flowers produce no nectar and anther dehiscence precedes anthesis. Previous studies indicate that the first visitor to a flower often gets a disproportionate amount of available floral resources (Harder 1990; Buchmann & Cane 1989). Due to the pre-anthesis presentation of pollen within the flowers of X. tenneseensis, the first floral visitor has access to all the floral rewards. Individuals of L. zephyrum (Fig. 2c) were seen to land on X. tenneseensis flower buds during the "bubble" stage (Fig. 2b). The bee would nip at the bubble using its mandi-
Internal Pair Spectrum from B 10 + d

A magnetic lens pair spectrometer has been used to measure the energy spectrum of the internal pairs formed from the bombardment of ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ with deuterons. The spectrometer has been calibrated with the nuclear pair from ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}+p$ with an energy of 6.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 Mev. The ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ spectrum shows gamma-rays of energies 4.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07, 6.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13, 6.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13, 7.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20, and 8.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13 Mev. Unresolved lines appear to exist in the region 4.5 to 5.5 Mev. The 6.51 Mev line is tentatively assigned to ${\mathrm{C}}^{11*}$ while the other lines can be attributed to ${\mathrm{B}}^{11*}$.
The Role of Neuropsychological Evaluation in the Clinical Management of Concussion

Most people are expected to recover quickly and completely after sustaining a single, uncomplicated concussion. When unexpected difficulties are apparent or recovery is not progressing as expected, a neuropsychological evaluation may help to clarify the injury and noninjury variables that could be serving to prolong recovery. Interventions tailored to the needs of a specific patient can then be implemented to assist in improving functioning and minimizing distress.
The simultaneous determination of glycerol and fatty acids in glycerides by gas-liquid chromatography

SUMMARY The conversion of glyceryl esters to derivatives suitable for gas-liquid chromatography was accomplished by hydrogenolysis with lithium aluminum hydride followed by direct acetylation of lithium aluminum alcoholates with acetic anhydride. Fatty acids and glycerol were converted quantitatively to their corresponding acetate esters by this procedure. Gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatographic procedures were used to demonstrate quantitative acetylation. Acetate esters of fatty alcohols and glycerol were recovered together and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography to give a simultaneous estimation of fatty acid composition and the ester-glycerol ratio. Quantitative results were obtained for mono-, di-, and triglycerides. The quantitative estimation of glycerol and fatty acids in glycerides requires either acid or alkaline hydrolysis and an extraction process to separate the aqueous glycerol and nonpolar fatty acid phases. Glycerol in the aqueous phase is then assayed by paper chromatography (I), periodic acid oxidation (24), an enzymatic procedure employing glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (5) , or a microbiological determination (6). Fatty acids in the nonaqueous phase are characterized by a number of procedures that generally require the preliminary conversion of fatty acids to their methyl esters. These procedures for the estimation of glycerol and fatty acid composition have several limitations (7). Hydrolysis may be incomplete or the glycerol partially decomposed. Periodic acid oxidation is relatively nonspecific, and the purification of glycerol is often necessary in quantitative studies. Fatty acids in the nonaqueous phase usually require concentration or isolation before esterification. An
Genetic Structure and Indica/Japonica Component of Major Inbred Rice Varieties in China

SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and compare indica or japonica component of Chinese major inbred rice varieties from the 1950s to the 1990s.The results showed that the genetic structure of major inbred rice varieties in China was distinctly divided into two populations,indica and japonica rice.The sub-structure of indica rice was more complex than that of japonica rice.Late-season indica rice and early-season japonica rice had a little simplex genetic background.The seasonal ecotypes were not quite in conformity with the subtypes of genetic structure.A total of 12 SSR loci with specific differentiation between indica and japonica rice were used to calculate the indica or japonica component.The difference of indica or japonica component among the five decades was not significant except late-season indica rice.The japonica component of late-season indica rice planted in the 1990s was increased obviously.These results will be helpful to understand the genetic structure of Chinese major inbred rice varieties and indica-japonica hybridization breeding in China.
Exploiting Hardware Monitoring in Software Engineering

Abstract Program monitoring is a key component of many software engineering tasks. Traditionally, instrumentation is used to complete such tasks. However, instrumentation can prohibitively increase the time and especially the memory overhead of an application. As an alternative to instrumentation, hardware monitoring has been shown to aid in developing more efficient techniques. In this chapter, we examine efforts in applying hardware monitoring to a number of software engineering tasks including profiling, dynamic optimization, and software testing. We discuss improvements in using instrumentation for monitoring, how hardware mechanisms can provide an alternative, and the success that has been revealed in software engineering research when applying hardware monitoring approaches.
MAD COWS AND ENGLISHMEN: PROCEDURAL POLITICS AND EU AGRICULTURAL POLICY

Procedural politics, the conduct of everyday politics with respect to rules, occurs under predictable conditions, by predictable means, and with predictable effects. It occurs when incentives, conceived as possible gains in influence, and opportunities, conceived as the creation of new institutional alternatives because of jurisdictional ambiguity, align. It characteristically involves procedural coalition formation and strategic issue framing, and it influences rules choices, policymaking efficiency and outcomes, and constitutional change. The previous chapter examined these issues in the context of European Union environmental politics and policymaking, showing that procedural politics outperforms alternative explanations of environmental positions taken, issue frames advanced, coalitions formed, and outcomes generated. When rules are at least partly endogenous to the day-to-day political process, accounts of politics with respect to them must augment and in some cases substitute for accounts of politics within them if we seek to understand legislative behavior, policymaking outcomes and efficiency, and institutional change. The present chapter extends the empirical examination to a second sector: agricultural policymaking. This sector, when coupled with environmental policy, offers many interesting methodological opportunities. Agriculture is often viewed as the antithesis of the environmental sector in terms of history, issues, operative institutions, and legislative dynamics. Where environmental policy is a “new” area of EU competence, part of the treaties only since the mid-1980s, agriculture enjoys the longest pedigree of any EU policy with the possible exception of the customs union. Environment also represents a “new” (i.e., postmaterial) issue, while agriculture is a classic “old” (i.e., redistributive) one.
Chapter 8 – Control of oxidation

Publisher Summary The development of rancidity in edible oils is a serious problem in some sectors of the food industry, because of increasing use of polyunsaturated vegetable and fish oils, discontinuing of the use of synthetic antioxidants, decreasing or eliminating the use of partial hydrogenation, and fortification of some foods with iron. Important nutritional and economic benefits can be expected by improved strategies to control lipid oxidation in foods, including improvement in safety, by protecting unstable polyunsaturated fatty acid components and vitamins, and reduction of food product loss by deterioration during processing and storage. Significant progress has been achieved by breeding and the genetic modification of soybeans, rapeseeds, and sunflowers to produce edible oils of improved oxidative stability, by changing their fatty acid compositions and the contents of tocopherols and other antioxidants. High-oleic and low linolenic acid vegetable oils have been commercialized to a limited extent in the US and Europe. Further commercialization of genetically modified new crops by breeding would require further improvements in their agronomic and economic properties in various climatic environments and countries. Increased interest in using stable vegetable oils containing no trans unsaturation is expected, as a result of future mandatory government requirements to label the content of trans fatty acids in foods containing partially hydrogenated oils.
Electro-synthesis of 3D porous hierarchical Ni–Fe phosphate film/Ni foam as a high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

A highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of nickel–iron phosphates for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) was designed and prepared via a simple electrodeposition method. The as-obtained catalyst presents remarkable catalytic activities for both the HER and OER, which requires overpotentials of 87 mV to reach −10 mA cm−2 for the HER and 204 mV to generate 20 mA cm−2 for the OER in 1 M KOH. Employed as both the anode and cathode for full water splitting, the electrodeposited catalyst also exhibits excellent activity, which requires an overpotential of only 326 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 and yields a faradic efficiency close to 100%.
Enhanced Mixture Separations of Metal Adducted Tetrasaccharides Using Frequency Encoded Ion Mobility Separations and Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Using five isomeric tetrasaccharides in combination with seven multivalent metals, the impact on mobility separations and resulting CID spectra were examined using a hybrid ion mobility atmospheric pressure drift tube system coupled with a linear ion trap. By enhancing the duty cycle of the drift tube system using a linearly chirped frequency, the collision-induced dissociation spectra were encoded in the mobility domain according to the drift times of each glycan isomer precursor. Differential fragmentation patterns correlated with precursor drift times ensured direct assignment of fragments with precursor structure whether as individual standards or in a mixture of isomers. In addition to certain metal ions providing higher degrees of separation than others, in select cases more than one arrival time distribution was observed for a single pure carbohydrate isomer. These observations suggest the existence of alternative coordination sites within a single monomeric species, but more interesting was the observation of different fragmentation ion yields for carbohydrate dimers formed through metal adduction. Positive-ion data were also compared with negative-ion species, where dimer formation did not occur and single peaks were observed for each isomeric tetrasaccharide-alditol. This enhanced analytical power has implications not only for carbohydrate molecules but also for a wide variety of complex mixtures of molecules where dissociation spectra may potentially be derived from combinations of monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric species having identical nominal m/z values.
Transitioning to Adulthood from Foster Care

Transitional age foster youth do not typically receive the types of family supports their nonfoster peers enjoy. Many foster youth experience multiple adversities and often fare worse than nonfoster peers on long-term functional outcomes. Governments increasingly recognize their responsibility to act as parents for state dependents transitioning to adulthood and the need to provide services to address social/emotional supports, living skills, finances, housing, education, employment, and physical and mental health. More research is needed to inform the development of effective programs. Transitional age foster youth benefit from policies promoting a developmentally appropriate, comprehensive, and integrated transition system of care.
Testing of advanced technique for linear lattice and closed orbit correction by modeling its application for iota ring at Fermilab

Many modern and most future accelerators rely on precise configuration of lattice and trajectory. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab that is coming to final stages of construction will be used to test advanced approaches of control over particles dynamics. Various experiments planned at IOTA require high flexibility of lattice configuration as well as high precision of lattice and closed orbit control. Dense element placement does not allow to have ideal configuration of diagnostics and correctors for all planned experiments. To overcome this limitations advanced method of lattice analysis is proposed that can also be beneficial for other machines. Developed algorithm is based on LOCO approach, extended with various sets of other experimental data, such as dispersion, BPM-to-BPM phase advances, beam shape information from synchrotron light monitors, responses of closed orbit bumps to variations of focusing elements and other. Extensive modeling of corrections for a big number of random seed errors is used to illustrate benefits from developed approach.
Supporting patient-provider communication and engagement with personal informatics data

Personal informatics data are prevalent in clinical care today. My research builds an understanding patient and provider needs and challenges to advance the design of personal informatics systems and theoretical understandings of patient-provider collaboration. Through studies of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and people who want to eat healthier, I study people's current tracking experiences and their collaborative review practices with providers. Based on these findings, I propose design and theoretical considerations regarding interactions among providers, patients, and patient-tracked data. I design and evaluate systems in situ to understand potential use of lightweight data collection and integration to support collaboration around personal informatics data.
Classical many-particle systems with unique disordered ground states

Classical ground states (global energy-minimizing configurations) of many-particle systems are typically unique crystalline structures, implying zero enumeration entropy of distinct patterns (aside from trivial symmetry operations). By contrast, the few previously known disordered classical ground states of many-particle systems are all high-entropy (highly degenerate) states. Here we show computationally that our recently proposed "perfect-glass" many-particle model [Sci. Rep. 6, 36963 (2016)10.1038/srep36963] possesses disordered classical ground states with a zero entropy: a highly counterintuitive situation . For all of the system sizes, parameters, and space dimensions that we have numerically investigated, the disordered ground states are unique such that they can always be superposed onto each other or their mirror image. At low energies, the density of states obtained from simulations matches those calculated from the harmonic approximation near a single ground state, further confirming ground-state uniqueness. Our discovery provides singular examples in which entropy and disorder are at odds with one another. The zero-entropy ground states provide a unique perspective on the celebrated Kauzmann-entropy crisis in which the extrapolated entropy of a supercooled liquid drops below that of the crystal. We expect that our disordered unique patterns to be of value in fields beyond glass physics, including applications in cryptography as pseudorandom functions with tunable computational complexity.
Kombucha brewing under the Food and Drug Administration model Food Code: risk analysis and processing guidance

Kombucha is a fermented beverage made from brewed tea and sugar. The taste is slightly sweet and acidic and it may have residual carbon dioxide. Kombucha is consumed in many countries as a health beverage and it is gaining in popularity in the U.S. Consequently, many retailers and food service operators are seeking to brew this beverage on site. As a fermented beverage, kombucha would be categorized in the Food and Drug Administration model Food Code as a specialized process and would require a variance with submission of a food safety plan. This special report was created to assist both operators and regulators in preparing or reviewing a kombucha food safety plan.
Yield of Corn and Soybean Managed with Tillageor No Tillage as Affected by the Phosphorusand Potassium Placement Method

No-till management limits the incorporation of crop residue and fertilizer with soil, which results in wetter and colder soils in early spring and accumulation of organic matter, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) near the soil surface. Subsurface banding of P and K could be more effective than broadcast fertilization by applying nutrients below the soil surface.
Towards a Biologically-inspired Urban-industrial Ecosystem

Abstract Ecology has been used as a metaphor for industries and cities with the goal of creating better systems. The field of industrial ecology incorporates the principles of ecology into industrial network design, but this field often analyzed industries in a vacuum. Similarly, ideas such as urban metabolism and infrastructure ecology have been applied to cities in an effort to understand them and design them as ecosystems. These fields look at the high level of a city, without the finer detail found in both industrial ecology and natural ecology research. This paper proposes a combined urban-industrial ecosystem to create better biologically-inspired industrial and urban networks, discussing the guiding principles of this type of ecosystem in addition to the form of analysis to be done on these systems. Specifically for these types of network, Ecological Network Analysis is used to evaluate them. The construction of urban-industrial ecosystems and the evaluation with Ecological Network Analysis are shown through an industrial case study that compares different configurations of water sources for a manufacturing plant and nearby city.
On the Cohomology for the Witt Algebra W(1,1)

In this paper the cohomology ring for the restricted enveloping algebra of W(1,1) is computed. The procedure given depends on calculating the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology of a certain p-unipotent subalgebra of W(1,1). For low primes this computation becomes tractable and formulas for the dimensions of the graded components of the cohomology ring are given.
Referring Hospital Characteristics Associated With Potentially Avoidable Emergency Department Transfers.

OBJECTIVE Many emergency department (ED) transfers of children may be avoidable. Identifying hospital-level variables associated with avoidable transfers may guide system-level interventions to improve pediatric emergency care. We sought to examine hospital characteristics associated with ED transfers deemed "probably avoidable" in a large state Medicaid program. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using 2009 to 2013 claims data for Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries. We categorized all ED transfers of children < 17 years old as "probably avoidable," "possibly avoidable", or "unavoidable" based on ultimate disposition and procedures (including subspecialty consultations) at the receiving ED. Using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression, we examined hospital characteristics associated with probably avoidable transfers. RESULTS Among 2,839,379 pediatric visits to EDs across 158 Pennsylvania hospitals, 20,304 resulted in transfer. Among these, 3,764 (18.5%) were categorized as probably avoidable and 6,091 (30.0%) as possibly avoidable transfers. In adjusted analysis, compared to hospitals with no pediatric-specific capabilities, probably avoidable transfers were less likely from referring hospitals with pediatric-specific EDs and no other pediatric-specific capabilities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21-0.71) and from referring hospitals with pediatric-specific EDs and inpatient capabilities (aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.20-0.64). Probably avoidable transfers were more likely from referring hospitals in large metropolitan areas (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.46-4.80) compared to those in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Among pediatric emergency transfers in a large state Medicaid program with a nearly 20% probably avoidable transfer rate, there was significant hospital-level variation in the proportion of probably avoidable transfers. Transfers from hospitals in large metropolitan areas and transfers from hospitals without pediatric-specific capabilities had increased odds of being probably avoidable transfers, such that these hospitals may represent targets for interventions to reduce these transfers.
Phase II trial of eribulin for recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancers.

6095Background: Salivary gland cancers (SGC) are rare, biologically and histologically diverse malignancies with no standard of care therapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting. Eribulin is a micro...
Hollywood movies and China: Analysis of Hollywood globalization and relationship management in China’s cinema market:

China’s cinema market has been growing dramatically in recent years. Hollywood exports revenue-sharing movies to China to receive additional box-office revenues. Although globalization accelerates ...
Finding creativity in the extrinsically motivated environment of architecture students

Researchers have found both that rewards decrease creativity and that rewards such as money/pay increase creativity. Higher education arts and STEM faculty acknowledge that their environment is oft...
Cross-Cultural Memoir as Borderland Negotiation of Identity in Language Education.

ABSTRACTIn this article, we discuss three cross-cultural memoirs used in three different university courses that introduced students to the complex identities that form both inside and outside of l...
Regulation of Cdc2 activity by phosphorylation at T14/Y15

The highly conserved Cdc2 serine/threonine kinase plays a central role in cell cycle progression. Although Cdc2 levels remain constant throughout the cell cycle, Cdc2 kinase activity peaks at the G2/M boundary, in order to drive entry into mitosis. In the model organism Schizosaccharotnysces pombe, potentially active Cdc2/Cdc13 kinase complex accumulates throughout the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. This complex, however, is maintained in an inactive state by Weel/Mik1-mediated phosphorylation at Y15 (and, possibly, T14). At the G2/M boundary, the Cdc25 protein phosphatase is activated to dephosphorylate the Cdc2/Cdcl3 complex, resulting in abrupt activation of Cdc2 kinase activity and entry into mitosis.
Modeling and experimental demonstration of short-wavelength carrier collection enhancement in Ga0.51In0.49P solar cells using graded (AlzGa1-z)xIn1-xP window-emitter structures

Abstract Ga0.51In0.49P solar cells with compositionally-graded (AlzGa1-z)xIn1-xP window/emitter structures were grown via molecular beam epitaxy using a digital alloy based grading approach. Spatially-resolved internal quantum efficiency modeling for such structures predicts short wavelength current collection enhancements due to increased optical transparency, elimination of discrete window-emitter interfaces, and introduction of internal drift fields. Epitaxial device structures based on different graded window/emitter variations were designed to deconvolve these effects. Fabricated test devices were found to yield significant increases in carrier collection (>10% absolute quantum efficiency) in the short wavelength region of the solar spectrum (λ
GP’s LP

This study takes a careful inferentialist look at Graham Priest’s Logic of Paradox (LP). I conclude that it is sorely in need of a proof-system that could furnish formal proofs that would regiment faithfully the “naive logical” reasoning that could be undertaken by a rational thinker within LP (if indeed such reasoning could ever take place).
Intelligent Material Classification and Identification Using a Broadband Millimeter-Wave Frequency Comb Receiver

Millimeter-wave radars offer a practical solution to distinguish objects made of different materials, shapes, and compositions. In this work, radar classification of various materials is demonstrated using a broadband millimeter-wave CMOS integrated receiver. The receiver is used to record the transmitted power through multiple solid materials at various distances from the receiver in the W-band (75–110 GHz). Three supervised machine learning tools are trained by the recorded data to classify these materials into different categories. The trained classifiers were used to predict material and thickness of objects with varying distances from the receiver with accuracy levels of higher than 96% in material classification and 88% in thickness classification.
Novel Bayesian Adaptive Designs and Their Applications in Cancer Clinical Trials

Clinical trial is a prescribed learning process for identifying safe and effective treatments. In recent years, rapid advancements in cancer biology, immunology, genomics, and treatment development have demanded innovative methods to identify better therapies for the most appropriate population in a timely, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective way. In this chapter, we will first illustrate the concept of Bayesian update and Bayesian inference, which is a superior alternative to the traditional frequentist approach. Bayesian methods take the "learn as we go" approach, making them innately suitable for clinical trials. Then, we will give an overview of Bayesian adaptive designs in the areas of adaptive dose finding, posterior probability and predictive probability calculation, outcome adaptive randomization, multi-endpoint phase II design, multi-arm, multi-stage platform design, hierarchical modeling, etc. In particular, a new class of model-assisted designs will be introduced, which combine the transparency and simplicity of conventional algorithm-based designs with the superiority and rigorousness of model-based designs. These designs enjoy superior performance comparable to more complicated, model-based designs, though they are also capable of simplicity similar to conventional designs. Examples of the Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN), the keyboard, the time-to-event BOIN (TITE-BOIN), the BOIN combination, and the Bayesian Optimal Phase 2 (BOP2) designs will be discussed. Real applications, including BATTLE trial in lung cancer, I-SPY 2 trial in breast cancer, and GBM AGILE in glioblastoma, will be given. The chapter will also introduce software tools, including downloadable programs and online Shiny applications for the design and conduct of clinical trials. Bayesian adaptive clinical trial designs increase study efficiency, allow more flexible trial conduct, and treat a greater number of patients with more effective treatments in the trial. They also possess desirable frequentist properties. Useful software tools can be found at: https://biostatistics.mdanderson.org/SoftwareDownload/and https://trialdesign.org/.
Enhancing Coral Reef Monitoring Utilizing a Deep Semi-Supervised Learning Approach

Coral species detection underwater is a challenging problem. There are many cases when even the experts (marine biologists) fail to recognize corals, hence limiting ground truth annotation for training a robust detection system. Identifying coral species is fundamental for enabling the monitoring of coral reefs, a task currently performed by humans, which can be automated with the use of underwater robots. By employing temporal cues using a tracker on a high confidence prediction by a convolutional neural network-based object detector, we augment the collected dataset for the retraining of the object detector. However, using trackers to extract examples also introduces hard or mislabelled samples, which is counterproductive and will deteriorate the performance of the detector. In this work, we show that employing a simple deep neural network to filter out hard or mislabelled samples can help regulate sample extraction. We empirically evaluate our approach in a coral object dataset, collected via an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and human divers, that shows the benefit of incorporating extracted examples obtained from tracking. This work also demonstrates how controlling sample generation by tracking using a simple deep neural network can further improve an object detector.