cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple length scale self-organization in liquid crystalline block copolymers

A series of block copolymers were prepared consisting of a block of poly(styrene) and a block in which a mesogenic group was attached by polymer analogous chemistry to a flexible backbone. Two types of mesogenic groups which produced a range of mesophases were investigated: (i) an azobenzene mesogenic group and (ii) a semifluorinated group. Organization caused by liquid crystallinity and phase separation leads to simultaneous organization on a variety of length scales. Comparison of the ordering behavior of these two types of mesogenic groups and more conventional flexible chain diblocks are made.
Decimated rank-order filtering

Rank-order filters are used for a wide range of applications. They are noted for their ability to remove impulsive noise and to preserve sharp changes in the signal. However, there is a tradeoff between noise removing capability and edge retention. When impulsive noise and sharp edges in the signal coincide, edges are no longer preserved. Another tradeoff is noise removal versus computational cost. The increase in the number of operations is proportional to the noise-removal capability. The authors introduce a new filter (the decimated rank-order filter) that achieves large amount of noise removal with much less detail and edge smoothing as compared with the standard rank-order filter. Furthermore, this is possible at a reduced computational burden. The decimated median filter is a particular example of this class. The authors investigate its deterministic and statistical properties and show that it compares favorably with the standard median filter in terms of impulsive noise removal, especially in the neighborhood of edges. They extend the structure of decimated rank-order filters. They find all rank orders of the signal to obtain the decimated sorter and show that the decimated sorter is the bitonic sorter used in switching networks. They point out the connection between their research and concepts in sorting and switching structures. >
A low power high speed envelope detector for serial data systems in 45nm CMOS

A low power, high speed (480Mbps) envelope detector for serial data systems such as USB2.0 is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture is based on a high frequency rectifier implementation along with a comparator and offers about 50% power and area saving compared to prior implementations using multiple comparators. A calibration scheme to make the envelope detector process, voltage and temperature independent is discussed. This architecture can be used for any high frequency serial interface requiring envelope detection. The circuit is implemented in 45nm CMOS technology and consumes 2.5mW power and occupies 0.015 mm2 area.
Accurate estimation of pulmonary nodule's growth rate in CT images with nonrigid registration and precise nodule detection and segmentation

We propose a new tumor growth measure for pulmonary nodules in CT images, which can account for the tumor deformation caused by the inspiration level's difference. It is accomplished with a new nonrigid lung registration process, which can handle the tumor expanding/shrinking problem occurring in many conventional nonrigid registration methods. The accurate nonrigid registration is performed by weighting the matching cost of each voxel, based on the result of a new nodule detection approach and a powerful nodule segmentation algorithm. Comprehensive experiments show the high accuracy of our algorithms and the promising results of our new tumor growth measure.
PROGNOSIS FOR SURVIVAL WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS: THE EFFECTS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS CENTER CARE

Warwick, W.J. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, U.S.A.) Prognosis for survival with cystic fibrosis: the effects of early diagnosis and cystic fibrosis center care. Acta Paediatr Scand 1982; suppl 301: 27-31. — Improved diagnosis, i.e. more cystic fibrosis (CF) patients diagnosed at an early age, is possible but will require a great increase in the sensitivity of physicians, providing care for infants and young children, to the possibility that early symptoms could be CF at a time a baby is “too well to have CF” coupled with a simple fast screening type of sweat test. Prognosis for survival for CF patients treated at CF Centers is improved with early diagnosis but the data concerning newborn screening are still too few. The general care of CF patients around the world in the absence of a CF Center shows expected survival of 50 percent to 4 or 5 years of age; addition of a CF Center and a CF Care Team increases that 50 percent survival to 20 years. Improvement in early diagnosis or newborn screening is needed to reduce the number of CF patients who die undiagnosed. CF Center and CF team care increases the survival age of CF patients by 4 to 6 times. Early diagnosis before pulmonary complications have begun more than double the effectiveness of CF Center care. In Denmark, the Paediatric Department TG provides the leadership and training and clinical care and research needed to maintain progress and to improve upon the prognosis for CF. Data from Denmark obtained through the central Danish CF Registry confirm in Denmark these observations from around the world of the benefits of early diagnosis and center treatment. Improvement in early diagnosis or discovery of and general adoption of a newborn screening program is what is needed to reduce the number of CF patients who die undiagnosed. CF Center and CF Team care increases the survival age of CF patients by 4 to 6 times. Early diagnosis before pulmonary complications have begun more than double the effectiveness of CF Center care. In Denmark, the Paediatric Department TG provides the leadership and training and clinical care and research needed to maintain progress and to improve upon the prognosis for CF.
U.s. Policy Toward Latin America: From Regionalism To Globalism

In the light of the Iran-contra revelations, the author offers insights into US involvement in Central America over the last decade. The administration's policies under Reagan are examined and the likely innovations of the Bush administration are highlighted.
A Simulation Study of Managed Qualitative Thinking Support Systems (MQTSS)

The continued growth in the volume of available domain and technical data has been facilitated by a corresponding advancement in information and communication technology. This "information overload" can result in inefficient use of time and resources as well as the creation of recommended courses of action that are overruled by the decision makers' judgment and experience. In order to address these problems, multiple knowledge sources and an inference process capable of mirroring the human thought processes (especially judgment and experience) must be available at the right time to the persons or groups needing the knowledge for decision making. Such a concept can be referred to as MANAGED QUALITATIVE THINKING SUPPORT SYSTEMS (MQTSS). Traditional decision support systems (DSS) rely upon decision maker or staff expertise to render knowledge in support of decision making. If the decision maker or staff has insufficient domain or technical expertise to utilize the DSS's embedded models, interpret results, or implement the recommendations, knowledge delivery may be compromised or rendered ineffective. MQTSS can alleviate these support problems and improve knowledge delivery for decision making by reducing knowledge search times, streamlining decision-making tasks, reducing decision time, and promoting appropriate qualitative thinking,. The MQTSS approach theoretically can enhance the decision making process and decision outcomes. This paper attempts to replicate an earlier study by this author to test the theory. First, the MQTSS approach is presented. Next, an information system is created to deliver the technology to management. Finally, a simulation experiment is reported that compares the effectiveness of support rendered by a traditional decision support system and the created MQTSS information system. The paper closes with conclusions and implications for information systems research.
The Becker Fertility Model: Theory and Critique

This paper is an exploration of the theoretical properties of the Becker fertility model. I demonstrate that the comparative statics of the Becker fertility model with a general budget constraint and its corresponding expenditure model can be expressed in terms of the ordinary consumer expenditure function with a change of variable. When there are no fixed-costs of quality per child, the Becker fertility model is equivalent to the ordinary consumer model with restrictions on the form of the utility function. Solutions to the Becker fertility model are provided with the Cobb-Douglas, CES, and AIDS specifications under this assumption, Becker’s hypothesis that demand for quality per child increases with income is not valid under any Cobb-Douglas or CES specification, but can be tested with a valid estimation of the AIDS model. I also evaluate the role of fixed-costs of quality per child in Becker’s model and show that they introduce a third term into the Slutsky matrix, i.e. in addition to ordinary substitution and income effects, but that these effects are small when the average fixed costs of quality per child is small relative to the marginal cost of quality per child. When the Becker model is expressed in terms of children, quality, and other goods, children must be a substitute for either their quality or for other goods and either quality or other goods must be a luxury good.
Archaeal Intrinsic Transcription Termination In Vivo

Thermococcus kodakarensis (formerly Thermococcus kodakaraensis) strains have been constructed with synthetic and natural DNA sequences, predicted to function as archaeal transcription terminators, identically positioned between a constitutive promoter and a β-glycosidase-encoding reporter gene (TK1761). Expression of the reporter gene was almost fully inhibited by the upstream presence of 5′-TTTTTTTT (T8) and was reduced >70% by archaeal intergenic sequences that contained oligo(T) sequences. An archaeal intergenic sequence (tmcrA) that conforms to the bacterial intrinsic terminator motif reduced TK1761 expression ∼90%, but this required only the oligo(T) trail sequence and not the inverted-repeat and loop region. Template DNAs were amplified from each T. kodakarensis strain, and transcription in vitro by T. kodakarensis RNA polymerase was terminated by sequences that reduced TK1761 expression in vivo. Termination occurred at additional sites on these linear templates, including at a 5′-AAAAAAAA (A8) sequence that did not reduce TK1761 expression in vivo. When these sequences were transcribed on supercoiled plasmid templates, termination occurred almost exclusively at oligo(T) sequences. The results provide the first in vivo experimental evidence for intrinsic termination of archaeal transcription and confirm that archaeal transcription termination is stimulated by oligo(T) sequences and is different from the RNA hairpin-dependent mechanism established for intrinsic bacterial termination.
Automotive EMC case study: HMI graphics influence on radiated emissions

A case study describing the influence of TFT LCD graphics on automotive radiated emissions testing and its impact to the FM band receiver. The underlying root-cause of the EMI issue is determined using a novel technique that decodes the display's graphics into the transmitted RGB data and predicts the data's impact to radiated emissions. The countermeasure implemented to resolve the issue is equally novel and does not involve any hardware optimizations. The use of test images to be used in component level EMC testing is also discussed.
An Economic Approach to Hierarchical Routing in Resource Rationed Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we focus on the problem of routing in resource rationed ad hoc networks. We exemplify the concept of resource rationing in a military scenario where the allocated resources are rationed to prolong the mission. By modeling the network as a directed weighted graph, we propose an economic approach to address the routing issue, namely HR3. Our approach begins with a hierarchical bidding process, through which nodes in the network bid for virtual currency. The winning bids use the granted virtual currency to pay the intermediate nodes for packet forwarding. After successful delivery, nodes get rewards. We study the truthfulness of HR3 with rational nodes and propose security extension to identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Through simulations on ns-2, HR3 shows performance gains in data throughput and energy consumption.
Just “harmless entertainment”? Effects of surveillance reality TV on physical aggression.

Reality TV programs are extremely popular, though little research has examined how they affect viewers. In particular, many reality TV programs contain acts of aggression, mainly verbal or relational forms of aggression. The current study evaluates how different content within reality TV affected viewer aggression. Participants watched a surveillance reality program containing verbal and relational aggression, a surveillance reality program containing supportive family interactions, or a violent crime drama. To see whether surveillance reality programs increase aggression by increasing narcissistic responding, half the participants received an ego threat. Aggression was measured using the intensity and duration of noise administered to an ostensible opponent on a competitive reaction time task. Surveillance reality viewers exposed to relational aggression were more aggressive than those watching either a supportive family surveillance reality program or a violent crime drama. Viewers of the violent crime drama were also more aggressive than those watching the family themed surveillance reality program. Ego threat did not moderate the increase in aggression seen in negative surveillance reality program viewers, suggesting that these programs did not increase narcissistic responding. This is one of the first studies to use an experimental method to document causal effects of reality TV viewing on viewers of these programs. Surveillance reality programs that include relational aggression are not simply “harmless entertainment”—they increase physical aggression.
The Impact of Support Received and Support Provision on Changes in Perceived Social Support among Older Adults

The current study uses longitudinal data from the 1993 U.S. Midwest floods to examine the influence of support received and support provision on changes in perceived social support among older adults exposed to an acute stressor. Results indicated that flood exposure and higher levels of social support at Time 1 were positively associated with both receiving social support and providing social support specific to the food. Individuals with higher levels of support provision and received support in turn reported higher levels of perceived support post disaster. Women were more likely to have received flood specific support and to have perceived higher social support post flood. This study provides support and elaboration of earlier findings that link disaster exposure to post-disaster changes in perceived social support.
Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Enhanced Thromboxane and Endothelial Contractility in Patients with HIV.

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increased with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that HIV increases microvascular reactive oxygen species, thereby impairing endothelial function and enhancing contractility. Method: Subcutaneous micro arterioles were isolated from gluteal skin biopsies in premenopausal, African American, HIV positive women receiving effective anti-retroviral therapy, but without cardiovascular risk factors except for increased body mass index (n=10) and healthy matched controls (n=10). The arterioles were mounted on myographs, preconstricted and relaxed with acetylcholine for: endothelium-dependent relaxation, endotheliumdependent relaxation factor (nitric oxide synthase-dependent relaxation), endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (potassium-channel dependent relaxation) and endothelium-independent relaxation nitroprusside. Contractions were tested to endothelium-dependent contracting factor (acetylcholine contraction with blockedrelaxation); phenylephrine, U-46,619 and endothelin-1. Plasma L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine were measured by high performance capillary electrophoresis. Results: The micro-arterioles from HIV positive women had significantly (% change in tension; P<0.05) reduced acetylcholine relaxation (-51 ± 6 vs. -78 ± 3%), endothelium-dependent relaxation factor (-28 ± 4 vs. -39 ± 3%), endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (-17 ± 4 vs. -37 ± 4%) and decreased nitric oxide activity (0.16 ± 0.03 vs. 0.70 ± 0.16 Δ unit) but unchanged nitroprusside relaxation. They had significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent contracting factor (+21 ± 6 vs. +7 ± 2%) and contractions to U-46,619 (+164 ± 10 vs. +117 ± 11%) and endothelin-1(+151 ± 12 vs. +97 ± 9%), but not to phenylephrine. There was enhanced reactive oxygen species with acetylcholine (0.11 ± 0.02 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 Δ unit; P<0.05) and endothelin-1 (0.31 ± 0.06 vs. 0.10 ± 0.02 Δ unit; P<0.05). Plasma L-arginine: assymetric dimethyl arginine rates was reduced (173 ± 12 vs. 231 ± 6 μmol·μmol-1, P<0.05). Conclusion: Premenopausal HIV positive women had microvascular oxidative stress with severe endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide and arginine: assymetric dimethylarginine ratio but enhanced endothelial, thromboxane and endothelin contractions. These microvascular changes may herald later cardiovascular disease.
Stability in infant frontal asymmetry as a predictor of toddlerhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors

Stability in frontal brain electrical activity (i.e., electroencephalographic or EEG) asymmetry at 10 and 24 months was examined with respect to maternal ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 30 months in a sample of 48 children. Children with stable left frontal EEG asymmetry during infancy were rated higher in externalizing behaviors by their mothers, whereas children with stable right frontal EEG asymmetry were rated higher in internalizing behaviors. These findings highlight the need to focus on the early stability in physiological measures that may be implicated later in developing behavioral problems.
Construction of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors: expression of antibiotic-resistance genes.

Abstract We constructed several cloning vectors, designated pGZRS-18/19 and pGZRS-38/39, which were based on an endogenous Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Apl) 4.3-kb plasmid. They carry the lacZα-complementation fragment and MCS from pUC18/19, and either the bla gene under the control of a putative Apl promoter or the KmR gene from Tn903. These vectors replicate in representative strains of Apl serotypes 1 and 7, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) and Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans. We also found that Apl and Ph did not express genes under the control of the lacZ or bla promoters, suggesting that their RNA polymerases may not utilize these promoters.
In situ observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations by the Van Allen Probes

We present in situ observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations using the Van Allen Probes. These waves are often observed using ground-based magnetometers, but are rarely observed by orbiting satellites. With the Van Allen Probes, we have seen at least 14 different pearl pulsation events during the first year of operations. These new in situ measurements allow us to identify the wave classification based on local magnetic field conditions. Additionally, by using two spacecraft, we are able to observe temporal changes in the region of observation. The waves appear to be generated at an overall central frequency, as often observed on the ground, and change polarization from left- to right-handedness as they propagate into a region where they are resonant with the crossover frequency (where R- and L-mode waves have the same phase velocity). By combining both in situ and ground-based data, we have found that the region satisfying electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave generation conditions is azimuthally large while radially narrow. The observation of a similar modulation period on the ground as in the magnetosphere contradicts the bouncing wave packet mechanism of generation.
RopePlus: bridging distances with social and kinesthetic rope games

Rope-based games such as jump rope, tug-of-war, and kite-flying promote physical activity and social interaction among people of all ages and especially in children during the development of their coordination skills and physical fitness. Our RopePlus system builds on those traditional games by enabling players to participate remotely through interacting with ropes that connect physical and virtual spaces. The RopePlus platform is centered around the rope as a tangible interface with various hardware extensions to allow for multiple playing modes. In this paper, we present two games that have been implemented in detail: a kite-flying game called Multi-Fly and a jump-rope game called Multi-Jump. Our work aims to expand tangible interface gaming to real time social playing environments.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

We show that 1 of the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ligands, BMP4, is widely expressed in the adult mouse lung and is upregulated in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, heterozygous null Bmp4(lacZ/+) mice are protected from the development of hypoxia-induced PH, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular remodeling. This is associated with a reduction in hypoxia-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and Id1 expression in the pulmonary vasculature. In addition, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells secrete BMP4 in response to hypoxia and promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in a BMP4-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that BMP4 plays a dominant role in regulating BMP signaling in the hypoxic pulmonary vasculature and suggest that endothelium-derived BMP4 plays a direct, paracrine role in promoting smooth muscle proliferation and remodeling in hypoxic PH.
MUS81 Generates a Subset of MLH1-MLH3–Independent Crossovers in Mammalian Meiosis

Two eukaryotic pathways for processing double-strand breaks (DSBs) as crossovers have been described, one dependent on the MutL homologs Mlh1 and Mlh3, and the other on the structure-specific endonuclease Mus81. Mammalian MUS81 has been implicated in maintenance of genomic stability in somatic cells; however, little is known about its role during meiosis. Mus81-deficient mice were originally reported as being viable and fertile, with normal meiotic progression; however, a more detailed examination of meiotic progression in Mus81-null animals and WT controls reveals significant meiotic defects in the mutants. These include smaller testis size, a depletion of mature epididymal sperm, significantly upregulated accumulation of MLH1 on chromosomes from pachytene meiocytes in an interference-independent fashion, and a subset of meiotic DSBs that fail to be repaired. Interestingly, chiasmata numbers in spermatocytes from Mus81−/− animals are normal, suggesting additional integrated mechanisms controlling the two distinct crossover pathways. This study is the first in-depth analysis of meiotic progression in Mus81-nullizygous mice, and our results implicate the MUS81 pathway as a regulator of crossover frequency and placement in mammals.
In)sensitivity to incoherence in human communication

Abstract Human sensitivity to conversational coherence is often taken as a given, but there is reason to suppose that tolerance of incoherence is greater than assumed. In Galantucci and Roberts's (2014) laboratory study, participants showed surprising insensitivity to incoherence introduced by randomly crossing their conversations. In that study, however, it was impossible to control the nature of the incoherence. Here, we present a study in which we replaced genuine messages with messages guaranteed not to fit well with the conversation. Inserted messages were incoherent either with respect to task-relevant information or with respect to a salient social category, the interlocutor's gender. More than a third of participants failed to notice the incoherence. This provides evidence that the transmission of information in linguistic interaction is, contrary to widespread assumptions, not subject to reliable monitoring or regulation.
Monte Carlo Confidence Intervals for Complex Functions of Indirect Effects

One challenge in mediation analysis is to generate a confidence interval (CI) with high coverage and power that maintains a nominal significance level for any well-defined function of indirect and direct effects in the general context of structural equation modeling (SEM). This study discusses a proposed Monte Carlo extension that finds the CIs for any well-defined function of the coefficients of SEM such as the product of k coefficients and the ratio of the contrasts of indirect effects, using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, we conduct a small-scale simulation study to compare CIs produced by the Monte Carlo, nonparametric bootstrap, and asymptotic-delta methods. Based on our simulation study, we recommend researchers use the Monte Carlo method to test a complex function of indirect effects.
The small dispersion limit of the Korteweg‐de Vries equation. III

In Parts I and II we have derived explicit formulas for the distribution limit u of the solution of the KdV equation as the coefficient of uxxx tends to zero. This formula contains n parameters β1, …, βn whose values, as well as whose number, depends on x and t. In Section 4 we have shown that for t<tb, n=1, and the value of β, was determined. In Section 5 we have shown that the parameters βi satisfy a nonlinear system of partial differential equations. In Part III, Section 6 we show that for t large, n=3, and we determine the asymptotic behavior of β1, β2, β3, and of u and u2, for t large. The explicit formulas show that u and u2 are O(t−1) and O(t-2) respectively (see formulas (6.2) and (6.24)). In Section 7 we study initial data whose value tends to zero as x+∞, and to -1 as x−∞. If one accepts some plausible guesses about the behavior of solutions with such initial data, we derive an explicit formula for the solution and determine the large scale asymptotic behavior of the solution: . The function s(ζ) is expressible in terms of complete elliptic integrals; a similar formula is derived for U2. In Section 8 we indicate how to extend the treatment of this series of papers to multihumped (but still negative) initial data.
Coenzyme Studies in Primaquine-Sensitive Erythrocytes.∗†:

SummaryTPN+ content of erythrocytes of primaquine-sensitive males is greater than that of erythrocytes of normal males. The increase in TPN+ may be explained by two known factors: 1) decrease in glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and 2) increased glutathione reductase activity in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes. The mean values of DPN+ content of erythrocytes in the two populations studied were different, but the values showed considerable overlap. Our current studies concern the effect of drug administration on both oxidized and reduced coenzymes in normal and primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes from both males and females.
Development of Parameterized Design and Unfolding System for Sheet Metal Pipes

A system for parameterized design and unfolding of sheet metal pipes has been developed on the basis of the analysis for the computer-aided conditions and manufacturing requirements of the sheet metal industry at home and abroad. It integrates the functions of part design and unfolding, and contains all-around design objects as well as precise design results. Some critical techniques are introduced, such as modeling tragedy, the abstraction of interface curves, the mapping of the interface curves to mid-layer curved face, and interface design. At last, the examples of application are illustrated.
Experiment and Numerical Simulation Analysis on Horizontal Bearing Capacity Secondary Grouting Micro-piles

By the horizontal load test and numerical simulation of micro-piles in different construction technologies,the major factors influencing the horizontal beating capacity of the micro-piles were studied.The influence factors such as secondary grouting process functions in horizontal load-displacement curve form,the critical load,ultimate load,and the horizontal resistance forces proportionality coefficient(m) of the soil around pile were investigated.In addition,the influence of different grouting volumes and grouting ranges on the horizontal bearing capacity of single pile was analyzed by numerical simulation.Results show that secondary grouting process can improve the deformation and the behavior of micro-piles affected by the horizontal load and enhance horizontal bearing capacity of micro-piles.The horizontal resistance force proportionality coefficient(m) of the soil around pile should choose the maximum value provided by the standard during the design of micro-piles.The pile-soil optimal stiffness ratio is 100:1 and the best injected depth is 4D.Finally,the mechanism improving the horizontal bearing capacity of single pile by secondary grouting process around micro-piles was discussed.
Resistance of Blattella Germanica to Five Insecticides at the City Zone of Fushun

Objective: Investigate the resistance of Blattella Germanica to five insecticides at the city zone of Fushun,in order to use drug in reason,increase prevenring and controlling effect,provide technic ensure for city of sanitation construct.Methods: Use drug velum contacting method to mensurate resistance of drug.Results: Blattlla Germanica have less resistance to pyrethroide and propoxur,resistance coefficient between 3.34 to 5.46,Its have suffer resistance to DDVP,resistance coefficent9.5.Conclusion When we develop destroy Blattella gemanica in the future at the city zone of Fushun,first use is Pyrethroide and Amido-formy-ester,assist with Organic-phosphor,uesing the characteristic of varietal insecticides to exchange one another,reduce the resistance produce at wholehog,so insecticides can exert the best function at greatness arca destroy Blattella Gemanica in hole city in the future.
Analysis of epidemic situation of Tsutsugamushi disease in Longchuan county during 2009- 2013

Objective Epidemic situation and characteristics of Tsutsugamushi disease in Longchuan County were analyzed,in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control Tsutsugamushi disease. Methods Method of description epidemiology was used,to analyze morbidity level and distribution characteristics of Tsutsugamushi disease. Results 34 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease were reported in Longchuan County from 2009 to 2013,with annual incidence of 3. 75 /100 000,and 15 cases of Myanmar border residents were hospitalized. The disease is sporadic,the incidence is higher in spring than other seasons,high- risk population are peasants and adult male. Conclusions The Sino Burmese border region is epidemic area of Tsutsugamushi disease,the disease is perennial sporadic. Control measures should be taken to prevent the incidence of this disease.
Challenges Related to Mass Casualty Incidents

This last chapter of the manual focuses on special challenges when managing sudden mass casualty incidents (SMCIs) and includes specific medical tips when handling patients suffering crush and blast injuries, the most common identification processes of disfigured victims or body parts following explosions, and the importance of performing frequent live exercises and drills. In addition, the questionable use of telemedicine in SMCIs is discussed. The final section, “The Ten Commandments for Management of Sudden Mass Casualty Incidents,” highlights the most important topics that need to be in place to successfully respond to an SMCI.
Applications for Coherent Narrow-Band Sources in EUV Lithography

In this paper, we discuss the unique application of coherent, narrow-band sources in both wavefront metrology and mask defect inspection which play essential roles in the EUVL ecosystem. For metrology, coherent sources can efficiently supply power to wavefront sensors, whereas current systems using incoherent sources must rely on highly inefficient spatial filters. This advantage may be especially important as next-generation EUVL tools move to higher numerical apertures. For defect inspection, sources with high temporal coherence allow zone plate lenses to replace costly EUV multilayer optics. These zone plates can be programmed to operate with contrast-enhancing techniques like Zernike phase contrast microscopy. Additionally, the coherence allows inspection tools to operate in a scanning mode, similar to a STXM microscope, which can achieve a large field of view without field-dependent aberrations.
The Present Status of Astrometry at Optical and Radio Wavelengths

A Review is presented of the present status of astrometry towards defining a radio/optical reference frame.
New revised simple models for interactive wild and sterile mosquito populations and their dynamics

Based on previous research, we formulate revised, new, simple models for interactive wild and sterile mosquitoes which are better approximations to real biological situations but mathematically more tractable. We give basic investigations of the dynamical features of these simple models such as the existence of equilibria and their stability. Numerical examples to demonstrate our findings and brief discussions are also provided.
TD-Gammon: A Self-Teaching Backgammon Program

This chapter describes TD-Gammon, a neural network that is able to teach itself to play backgammon solely by playing against itself and learning from the results. TD-Gammon uses a recently proposed reinforcement learning algorithm called TD(λ) (Sutton, 1988), and is apparently the first application of this algorithm to a complex nontrivial task. Despite starting from random initial weights (and hence random initial strategy), TD-Gammon achieves a surprisingly strong level of play. With zero knowledge built in at the start of learning (i.e. given only a “raw” description of the board state), the network learns to play the entire game at a strong intermediate level that surpasses not only conventional commercial programs, but also comparable networks trained via supervised learning on a large corpus of human expert games. The hidden units in the network have apparently discovered useful features, a longstanding goal of computer games research.
Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O -fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O -fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α- l -fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N = 16) and comparison (N = 14) subjects. We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N -glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O -fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N -glycoproteins in the ~ 52–58 kDa and ~ 60–70 kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Characterizing developer behavior in cloud based IDEs

Background: Cloud based integrated development environments (IDEs) are rapidly gaining popularity for its native support and potential to accelerate DevOps. However, there is little research of how developers behave when interacting with these environments. Aims: To develop empirical knowledge about how developers behave when interacting with cloud based IDEs to deal with programming tasks at various difficulty levels. Method: We conducted a user study using a cloud based IDE, JazzHub. We collected and coded session trace data, self-reported effort and frustration levels, and screen recordings. Results: We built a Markov activity transition model that describes the transitions among common development activities such as coding, debugging, and searching for information. It also captures extended interactions with remote resources. We correlated activity transition with different code growth trajectories. Conclusion: The findings are an early step toward realizing the potential for enhanced interactions in cloud based IDEs. Our study provides empirical evidence that may inspire the future evolution of cloud based IDE designs and features.
The Contribution of Worry Behaviors to the Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Worry behaviors (i.e., overt acts to avoid or cope with worry-induced distress) have been recognized as being important in the psychopathology and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This study evaluated the worry behaviors criterion proposed for DSM-5 GAD, but was ultimately not adopted due to insufficient evidence. In 800 outpatients with emotional disorders (366 with GAD), most patients with GAD (92.6%) met the proposed worry behaviors criterion, which was at a rate significantly higher than other patient groups (e.g., patients with mood disorders). Patients who met the worry behaviors criterion had more severe GAD than patients who did not. The worry behaviors criterion, and 3 of its 4 constituent behaviors, were associated with no better than “fair” interrater reliability. Diagnostic reliability of GAD was not improved in cases where both interviewers agreed the worry behaviors criterion was met. The worry behaviors criterion significantly predicted DSM-5 GAD holding core GAD features constant (e.g., excessive worry), but this contribution was weak and did not appreciably improve the classification accuracy of GAD diagnostic status. Mixed support was obtained for the discriminant validity of the worry behaviors criterion in relation to mood disorders. Raising the proposed threshold of the criterion (requiring 2 instead of 1 behaviors) did not result in a substantial improvement in reliability, prediction, and classification accuracy. Although additional research is warranted (e.g., importance of worry behaviors in the treatment and natural course of GAD), the results raise questions about the role of worry behaviors in the diagnostic classification of GAD.
Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) stimulates growth hormone secretion in the domestic fowl (gallus domesticus)

Abstract Synthetic human pancreatic Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (hpGRF) elevated the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) in young and adult domestic fowl. This in vivo effect of hpGRF appeared to be largely similar for both the 32 amino-acid (hpGRF 1–32) or 40 amino-acid (hpGRF 1–40) polypeptide, although the effect of hpGRF 1–32 was more prolonged than that of hpGRF 1–40 in adult domestic fowl. The increase in plasma GH concentrations following hpGRF administration (10 μg/kg) was somewhat greater in young than adult chickens (the increase in plasma concentration of GH being 230 ng/ml at 1 week old, 282 ng/ml at 6 week old, 241 ng/ml at 10 weeks and 150 ng/ml in adults). In the adult domestic fowl hpGRF stimulated, a greater increase in the plasma concentration of GH than did thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). However in the young chicks TRH was more active. The in vitro release of GH from dispersed chicken pituitary cells was elevated by hpGRF (1–32) and hpGRF (1–40).
Water Quality in the Great Lakes: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

This chapter reviews what is known about both ‘legacy’ chemicals in the Great Lakes and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The legacy contaminants include persistent organic pollutants, with a focus on those that are also bioaccumulative and toxic (persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds). These contaminants have declined as a result of restrictions or bans but will remain at levels that continue to have impacts for many more decades. The CECs are just now being identified, and their impacts being determined. These chemicals must be addressed to reach sustainable management of the Great Lakes.
Nuclear protein import using digitonin-permeabilized cells.

Publisher Summary The nuclear import system described in this chapter is simple, efficient, and can be tailored to the needs of the individual laboratory. A wide range of different cell types can be used as the source of permeabilized cells or cytosol. The system is particularly useful for purifying and characterizing cytosolic factors that have a role in nuclear import, partly because it does not involve the complications of import assays that rely on nuclear assembly. In addition to being useful for studying nucleocytoplasmic transport, digitonin-permeabilized cells are also useful for studying a number of transport phenomena related to the secretory pathway. As digitonin-permeabilized cells retain a largely intact cytoarchitecture, morphological visualization of the movement of transported proteins between different membrane compartments can be greatly facilitated. Transport of a viral membrane protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi has been successfully visualized by this approach.
Biomechanical Properties and Mechanobiology of Cardiac ECM.

The heart is comprised of cardiac cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) which function together to pump blood throughout the body, provide organs with nutrients and oxygen, and remove metabolic wastes. Cardiac ECM provides a scaffold to cardiac cells and contributes to the mechanical properties and function of the cardiac tissue. Recently, more evidence suggests that cardiac ECM plays an active role in cardiac remodeling in response to mechanical loads. To that end, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the heart and the currently available in vivo and ex vivo mechanical measurements of cardiac tissues. We also review the biomechanical properties of cardiac tissues including the myocardium and heart valves, with a discussion on the differences between the right ventricle and left ventricle. Lastly, we go into the mechanical factors involved in cardiac remodeling and review the mechanobiology of cardiac tissues, i.e., the biomechanical responses at the cellular and tissue level, with an emphasis on the impact on the cardiac ECM. The regulation of cardiac ECM on cell function, which is a new and open area of research, is also briefly discussed. Future investigation into the ECM deposition and the interaction of cardiac cells and ECM components for mechanotransduction can assist to understand cardiac remodeling and inspire new therapies for cardiac diseases.
TRPV1 protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in diet-induced obese mice by enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow.

Background Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Using transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 knockout (TRPV1-/-) mice, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 protects against obesity-induced exacerbation of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods TRPV1-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a chow or Western diet (WD) for 22-23 weeks. After that, mice were subjected to renal I/R injury, and renal cortical blood flow (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF) were measured. Results The Western diet significantly increased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in both TRPV1-/- and WT mice. WD-induced impairment of glucose tolerance was worsened in TRPV1-/- mice compared with WT mice. WD intake prolonged the time required to reach peak reperfusion in the cortex and medulla (both P < 0.05), decreased the recovery rate of CBF (P < 0.05) and MBF (P < 0.05), and increased blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and urinary 8-isoprostane levels after I/R in both mouse strains, with greater effects in TRPV1-/- mice (all P < 0.05). Renal I/R increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in WT but not in TRPV1-/- mice, and WD attenuated CGRP release in WT mice. Moreover, blockade of CGRP receptors impaired renal regional blood flow and renal function in renal I/R injured WT mice. Conclusion These results indicate that TRPV1 plays a protective role in WD-induced exacerbation of renal I/R injury probably through enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow.
A case of supraglottic involvement in CROHN’S disease

Abstract Upper airway manifestations of Crohn's disease are rare with the most common being tracheobronchitis. We present a case report of a 12-year-old male with suspected Crohn's disease who presented with progressive symptoms of upper airway obstruction. Biopsies of thickened, pale, fibrotic supraglottic tissues were consistent with supraglottic involvement of Crohn's disease. He was treated with intralesional steroid injection with resolution of symptoms, obviating the need for systemic steroid treatment, which has been described in cases of Crohn's disease involving the airway.
Dyslipidemia in pregnancy and maternal-fetal outcome

Hyperlipidemia is a known cause of atherosclerosis and directly contributes to the current epidemic in cardio-vascular disease. Pregnancy is typified by an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides pushed by the rise in estrogen, progesterone and lactogen. Mobilization of stored fat depots in late pregnancy may provide a reservoir of fatty acids for fetal growth and placental tissue steroid synthesis. This physiologic increase in lipids performs an essential role during pregnancy; however, elevated levels of lipids in predisposed women or with familiar forms of hyperlipidemia can carry increased risk for maternal-fetal complications. The present treatment of pregnant women with hyperlipidemia is the suspension of medications. However, hyperlipidemia during pregnancy is associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and gestational diabetes and offspring of these mothers show a propensity to enhanced fatty streak formation and an increased risk of progressive atherosclerosis. This current evidence may motivate the further study on the potential benefits of treatment of hyperlipidemia in pregnancy and its effects on maternal-fetal outcomes.