cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QMatch - Using paths to match XML schemas

Integration of multiple heterogeneous data sources continues to be a critical problem for many application domains and a challenge for researchers world-wide. With the increasing popularity of the XML model and the proliferation of XML documents on-line, automated matching of XML documents and databases has become a critical issue. In this paper, we present a hybrid schema match algorithm, QMatch, that provides a unique path-based framework for harnessing traditional structural and semantic information, while exploiting the constraints inherent in XML documents such as the order of XML elements, to provide improved levels of matching between two given XML schemata. QMatch is based on the measurement of a unique quality of match metric, QoM, and a set of classifiers which together provide not only an effective basis for the development of a new schema match algorithm, but also a useful tool for tuning existing schema match algorithms to output at desired levels of matching. In this paper, we show via a set of experiments the benefits of the path-based QMatch over existing structural, linguistic, and hybrid algorithms such as Cupid, and provide an empirical measure of the accuracy of QMatch in terms of the true matches discovered by the algorithm.
Pathological Gambling among Elderly Veterans

The purpose of the present study was to examine elderly patients, aged 60 and older, admitted to a residential gambling treatment program and to compare them to a younger cohort on a variety of mental health factors and measures. A retrospective chart review was performed for 37 elderly gamblers consecutively admitted to the Gambling Treatment Program of a VA center between December 1999 and December 2002. These elderly subjects were compared with a younger cohort of 98 gamblers. On intake, the gamblers completed the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and a variety of mental health questionnaires. Compared to the younger cohort, elderly gamblers were more likely to be retired but demonstrated similar impairment on the ASI composite employment severity score. Elderly gamblers were just as likely as the younger gamblers to have a lifetime history of serious suicidal ideation. They were equally likely as the younger cohort to carry a psychiatric diagnosis, and depression was the most common diagnosis.
Regulation of leukocyte recruitment by local wall shear rate and leukocyte delivery.

Objective: To determine the influence of wall shear rate and leukocyte delivery on leukocyte margination, rolling, and adhesion in post-capillary venules.Methods: Leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions were characterized in cremaster muscle venules of anesthetized mice with video microscopy under control conditions and after 3 h exposure to TNF-α. Hemodynamic parameters were measured with fluorescent particle tracking using confocal microscopy.Results: Leukocyte recruitment to the vessel wall and leukocyte rolling increased as a function of wall shear rate (P < 0.05) over the range observed (0–200 s−1) in intact post capillary venules. Leukocyte delivery affected recruitment and rolling flux only in activated vessels (P < 0.05). In addition, leukocyte firm adhesion was independent of both wall shear rate and leukocyte delivery, but showed an overall increase in TNF-α stimulated tissues (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.6 cells/50 μm).Conclusions: Leukocytes are delivered to venules in excess of the capacity of the ...
Sensitivity to binocular depth information in infants

Abstract In order to study infants' sensitivity to binocular information for depth, 11 infants, 20 to 26 weeks of age, were presented with real and stereoscopically projected virtual objects at three distances, and the infants' reaching behavior was videotaped. When the virtual object was positioned out of reach, infants tended to lean further forward and to reach less frequently than when the virtual object was positioned within reach. In addition, the proportion of reaches in which the infants patted, closed their hands, or brought their hands together was greater when the virtual object was within reach. However, no difference in the terminal location of the infants' reaches was found as a function of the virtual object's position. Examination of reaches to a near real object revealed that infants frequently did not contact the object or show appropriate hand shape or orientation. The effectiveness of the cue of retinal size and of binocular information for the depth of an object is discussed. It is concluded that 5-month-old infants are sensitive to binocular information for depth.
A cancer-associated mucin alteration in benign colonic polyps

Abstract We have recently reported that the mucin in colon cancer is different from that in the normal colon, and this difference may be detected by selective lectin binding characteristics. The lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin [DBA] avidly binds to the mucin found in well-differentiated goblet cells in the normal colon, but does not bind to that in the majority of colonic cancers. Conversely, the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) does not bind to the mucin from the normal colon, but avidly binds to that in colon cancer. Therefore, these two lectins were used to determine if cancer-associated mucin were present in benign colonic polyps. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugates of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin and peanut agglutinin were applied to fixed, unstained tissue sections of 56 colonic polyps and examined by fluorescent microscopy. Focal areas were found within the polyps in which FITC-DBA labeling was diminished (compared with the normal colon) and labeling with FITC-PNA appeared. The findings are expressed as the percentage of glands per polyp labeled by FITC-PNA. The median labeling in 31 benign tubular adenomas was 7% of the glands per polyp. In 16 benign tubular adenomas ≤7 mm in diameter, only 2% of the glands per polyp were labeled, while in 15 benign tubular adenomas > 7 mm in diameter, 24% of the glands per polyp were labeled. Carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma was found in nine adenomatous polyps, in which 41% of the adenomatous glands were labeled by FITC-PNA. Unexpectedly, in eight hyperplastic polyps, 89% of the glands were labeled by FITC-PNA. These results indicate that among neoplastic colonic polyps, cancer-associated mucin changes are present and are more widespread in larger tubuluar adenomas, villoglandular adenomas, and adenomas containing cancer. The presence of mucin that is bound by FITC-PNA may be an indication of an increased risk of developing cancer within a colonic polyp. The finding of the cancer-associated mucin in hyperplastic polyps raises new questions about the pathogenesis of these benign, apparently nonneoplastic lesions.
Racial differences between African-American and white women in insulin resistance and visceral adiposity are associated with differences in apoCIII containing apoAI and apoB lipoproteins

Background: African-Americans have higher HDL, less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and lower triglyceride (TG) and apoCIII concentrations than whites, despite being more insulin-resistant. We studied in African-American and white women the influences of insulin resistance and VAT on the apoAI concentrations of two HDL subspecies, one that contains apoCIII that is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and one that does not have apoCIII that is associated with decreased CHD; and on the apoCIII concentrations of HDL and of the apoB lipoproteins. Methods: The participants were 32 women (14 African-Americans, 18 white) of similar age (39 ±1 2 vs. 42 ±1 1y). Mean BMI was 34 kg/m 2 in the African-Americans compared to 30 in the whites. A standard diet (33% fat, 52% carbohydrate, 15% protein) was provided for 7 days followed by a test meal (40% fat, 40% carbohydrate, 20% protein) on Day 8. Insulin sensitivity index (SI) was calculated from the minimal model. Results: After controlling for SI, African-Americans have a higher mean apoAI level in HDL with apoCIII compared with whites (12.9±2.8 and 10.9±2.9 mg/dL, respectively, P =0 .05). SI was associated with higher apoAI in HDL with apoCIII, whereas VAT was not associated with this HDL subspecies. This pattern of results was reversed for apoCIII concentrations in apoB lipoproteins. After adjusting for SI, African-Americans had lower apoCIII in apoB lipoproteins. SI was associated with lower apoCIII in total apoB lipoproteins, whereas VAT was associated with higher apoCIII in all the apoB lipoproteins. Additional adjustment for VAT tended to reduce the difference in apoCIII between the groups. Conclusions: African-American women have a higher HDL with apoCIII level than whites when controlled for insulin sensitivity. African-Americans have lower insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity is associated with higher levels of HDL with apoCIII. ApoCIII levels in VLDL are lower in African-American women than whites, also affected by insulin sensitivity which is associated with low apoCIII in VLDL. VAT has a strong association with apoCIII in apoB lipoproteins but not with apoAI in HDL with apoCIII.
Drag and momentum in a two-dimensional vortex wake

The average drag on a body due to a vortex wake in two-dimensional flow was first calculated by Karman, using pairs of point vortices to approximate the wake. An inviscid wake model with finite-area vortices was used by Saffman and Schatzman to find an analogous drag formula, one component of which is an integral along a path transverse to the wake. In this paper, the integral is found explicitly, in two forms, and corresponding formulae for the average drag are derived.
The polyphase-with-advance representation and linear phase lifting factorizations

A matrix theory is developed for the noncausal polyphase representation that underlies the theory of lifted filter banks and wavelet transforms. The theory presented here develops an extensive matrix algebra framework for analyzing and implementing linear phase two-channel filter banks via lifting cascade schemes. Whole-sample symmetric and half-sample symmetric linear phase filter banks are characterized completely in terms of the polyphase-with-advance representation, and new proofs are given of linear phase lifting factorization theorems for these two principal classes of linear phase filter banks. The theory benefits significantly from a number of group-theoretic structures arising in the polyphase-with-advance representation and in the lifting factorization of linear phase filter banks. These results form the foundations of the lifting methodology employed in Part 2 of the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 still image coding standard.
Dry deposition washoff from forest tree leaves by experimental acid rainfall

Abstract Freshly collected leaves from a regenerating forest and stand were treated with experimental acid rainfall of pH 4.6 in short-duration laboratory washing trials. The dynamics of initial sulfate and potassium washoff from leaf surfaces were found to be similar between elements and among species. Sulfate and potassium followed negative exponential element washoff curves. Potassium loliage may occur with dry deposition washoff. The time for completion of the initial washoff from leaves, in the range of 6–8 min, was similar to previously reported leaf immersion washing times. Potassium was washed from leaf surfaces at a faster rate than was sulfate. Tree species were generally similar for dry deposition washoff and rates within leaching trials. Washoff from lower leaf surfaces was negligible. The washoff curves analysis presented in this study appears to produce an accurate of previous dry deposition to leaf surfaces, and elemenates many of the problems and limitation associated with bulk leaf washing immersion approaches.
Blood meal analysis to identify reservoir hosts for Amblyomma americanum ticks

Efforts to identify wildlife reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens are frequently limited by poor understanding of tick-host interactions and potentially transient infectivity of hosts under natural conditions. To identify reservoir hosts for lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)-associated pathogens, we used a novel technology. In field-collected ticks, we used PCR to amplify a portion of the 18S rRNA gene in remnant blood meal DNA. Reverse line blot hybridization with host-specific probes was then used to subsequently detect and identify amplified DNA. Although several other taxa of wildlife hosts contribute to tick infection rates, our results confirm that the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a reservoir host for several A. americanum-associated pathogens. Identification of host blood meal frequency and reservoir competence can help in determining human infection rates caused by these pathogens.
A Partial-Protection Approach Using Multipath Provisioning

We study the problem of reliably provisioning traffic using multipath routing in a mesh network. Traditional approaches handled reliability requirements using full-protection schemes. Although full-protection approaches offer high assurance, this assurance can be costly. We take a less expensive approach to maintain reliability by offering partial-protection. Specifically, our approach guarantees part of the requested bandwidth, rather than the full amount, in the event of a link failure. We first show that the amount of partial-protection that can be guaranteed is limited by the topology of the network and the bandwidth requirement of a connection request. We then propose an effective multipath algorithm that attempts to provision bandwidth requests while guaranteeing the maximum partial-protection possible. Results show that by effectively selecting paths that limit edge overuse, our algorithm achieves very low bandwidth blocking probability. Our algorithm also serves significantly more requested bandwidth than the protection approach.
The False Hopes of 1950: The Wafd's Last Hurrah and the Demise of Egypt's Old Order

In January 1950, in the first free election held in nearly eight years, Egyptians went to the polls to return a Wafdist government to power. After having been banished from office for five years, Egypt's majority party assumed office aware that it shouldered a heavy burden of responsibility. Between October 1944, when the King dismissed the war-time government of Mustafa al-Nahhas, and January 1950, eight minority governments governed, or tried to govern, Egypt. Escalating political violence marked a period of increasing disillusion with parliamentary rule that encompassed all sectors of Egyptian society. Indeed, it might be argued that Egypt's ancien regime survived until 1950 only because the minority governments marshaled the coercive powers of the state to control the streets, campuses, and factories, where dissidence was most manifest. At the time, many sensed that if the political establishment failed to achieve the evacuation of British troops from Egyptian soil, contain rampant inflation, and narrow the gap between rich and poor, martial law could not save the liberal order from collapse. What would follow was uncertain, but talk of revolution, fearful or hopeful, filled the air.
Personality Traits Attributed to Risky and Conservative Decision Makers: Culture Values More than Risk.

Summary Three experiments were conducted to test aspects of the cultural value of risk explanation of the choice shift phenomenon and to contrast the cultural value of risk with a proposed cultural value of status. The status of a target group member and the probability of a successful group outcome [Experiments I (N # 120) and II (N # 96)], as well as the actual outcome of a decision [Experiment III (N # 96)], were varied in a scenario format. Male and female college students rated several personal characteristics of the scenario's central character. Previous research had suggested that risk takers are evaluated more favorably than conservative decision makers. The present experiments, however, suggest that risky individuals were not assigned more favorable traits than conservative individuals, solely on the basis of making risky decisions. Rather, since the predominate American culture seems to value success and status, as well as risk, and risky individuals must succeed in their ventures before they ar...
HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS WITH BRUCELLA NEOTOMAE.

Gibby, Irvin W. (Cornell University Medical College, New York, N.Y.), and Anna M. Gibby. Host-parasite relationships with Brucella neotomae. J. Bacteriol. 89:9–16. 1965.—An investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether a vigorous parasitic state could be evolved by transfer procedures in the host-parasite system, Brucella neotomae versus the white mouse. Visible disease was not maintained and initial high doses were abruptly decreased if the parasite was serially transferred through host animals without the use of an adjuvant. Of several adjuvants tested, 5% mucin was the most effective in enhancing Brucella infections in the white mouse, and with this adjuvant a vigorous lethal disease was maintained in serial transfer. In one transfer series, bacterial colonies of a form different from B. neotomae were obtained. Substrains of the altered bacterial form were agglutinated by Brucella antiserum and exhibited other properties consistent with the genus, Brucella. Cultures and selected clones of this organism in low doses caused rapidly lethal disease in the white mouse in the absence of mucin. Also, the disease could be maintained in serial transfer as an acute lethal process without mucin. It is concluded that the host-parasite interaction was drastically altered with the emergence of a highly virulent parasite in an infectious state that had previously been relatively benign. Various related aspects of parasitism are discussed.
Understanding Human DNA Sequence Variation

Over the past century researchers have identified normal genetic variation and studied that variation in diverse human populations to determine the amounts and distributions of that variation. That information is being used to develop an understanding of the demographic histories of the different populations and the species as a whole, among other studies. With the advent of DNA-based markers in the last quarter century, these studies have accelerated. One of the challenges for the next century is to understand that variation. One component of that understanding will be population genetics. We present here examples of many of the ways these new data can be analyzed from a population perspective using results from our laboratory on multiple individual DNA-based polymorphisms, many clustered in haplotypes, studied in multiple populations representing all major geographic regions of the world. These data support an "out of Africa" hypothesis for human dispersal around the world and begin to refine the understanding of population structures and genetic relationships. We are also developing baseline information against which we can compare findings at different loci to aid in the identification of loci subject, now and in the past, to selection (directional or balancing). We do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the extensive variation in the human genome, but some of that understanding is coming from population genetics.
Advanced thermoelectric power system investigations for light-duty and heavy duty applications. II

For pt. I see ibid., p.381-6, 2002. Part II of this two-part paper leverages off the findings in Part I describing the mathematical basis and system modeling approach used in thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) investigations for waste heat recovery in light-duty passenger (LDP) and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles. The TEPG system model has been used to: (1) investigate the behavior and interdependence of important thermal and TEPG design parameters, and (2) compare potential TEPG system power output for a variety of thermal conditions in LDP and HD vehicles. Integrated system modeling and analyses have been performed for: (1) LDP conditions of T/sub exh/ = 700/spl deg/C (973 K) and m/spl dot/h = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg/sec, and (2) HD conditions of T/sub exh/ = 512/spl deg/C (785 K) and m/spl dot//sub h/ = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 kg/sec. Analysis results, TEPG design parameter behavior, thermoelectric (TE) material effects, and interdependence of critical thermal/TE system design parameters are discussed. Interaction of heat exchanger performance and TEPG device performance creates critical system impacts and performance dependencies, which maximize TEPG system power outputs and create preferred heat exchanger and TEPG performance regimes. Part II demonstrates the integrated system analysis approach to heat exchanger/TEPG system performance, allowing NREL to simultaneously quantify these critical system design effects in LDP and HD vehicles. HD vehicle analysis results also indicate that 5-6 kW of electrical energy production is possible using HD vehicle exhaust waste heat.
Engulfment of Model Membranes by Alveolar Macrophages

In order to investigate the role of lipid membranes on the clearance of apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages (AM), we use lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide (Cer) lipids. We find that model vesicle engulfment is in proportion to the PS content of the vesicle and that this engulfment is inhibited by the presence of Cer in either model vesicles or within macrophages themselves. Furthermore, we investigate how changes in physical properties of model lipid vesicles and inhibition of phosphatidylserine receptors in AM affect engulfment. Engulfment experiments are performed using rat alveolar macrophages obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage. AM were treated with various ceramide species and engulfment was quantified by flow cytometry. The physical properties of model vesicles, including molecular organization and electrostatic interactions were measured by small-angle X-ray scattering and solid state 2H NMR. These studies can help understand the physical mechanisms involving lipid interactions responsible for apoptotic cell clearance.
Small RNAs – secrets and surprises of the genome

Small RNAs associated with post-transcriptional gene silencing were first discovered in plants in 1999. Although this study marked the beginning of small RNA biology in plants, the sequence of the Arabidopsis genome and related genomic resources that were soon to become available to the Arabidopsis community launched the research on small RNAs at a remarkable pace. In 2000, when the genetic blueprint of the first plant species was revealed, the tens of thousands of endogenous small RNA species as we know today remained hidden features of the genome. However, the subsequent 10 years have witnessed an explosion of our knowledge of endogenous small RNAs: their widespread existence, diversity, biogenesis, mode of action and biological functions. As key sequence-specific regulators of gene expression in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, small RNAs influence almost all aspects of plant biology. Because of the extensive conservation of mechanisms concerning the biogenesis and molecular actions of small RNAs, research in the model plant Arabidopsis has contributed vital knowledge to the small RNA field in general. Our knowledge of small RNAs gained primarily from Arabidopsis has also led to the invention of effective gene knock-down technologies that are applicable to diverse plant species, including crop plants. Here, I attempt to recount the developments of the small RNA field in the pre- and post-genomic era, in celebration of the 10th anniversary of the completion of the first plant genome.
Maximally tangent complex curves for germs of finite type {\mathcal{C}^\infty} pseudoconvex domains in {\mathbb C^3}

In this paper we discuss D’Angelo finite type pseudoconvex domains Ω in \({\mathbb C^3}\) . We are interested in complex curves tangent to higher order. Our main result is that there are only finitely many curves of maximal type. Maximal type has to be taken in a micro-local sense since the maximal type can be different in different directions. And of course to get finiteness we have to ignore higher order irrelevant terms which can be added without restriction. In the process of describing such a curve we find a singular change of coordinates which reduces the curve to a complex line.
Recent changes in the dynamic properties of declining Arctic sea ice: A model study

[1] Results from a numerical model simulation show significant changes in the dynamic properties of Arctic sea ice during 2007–2011 compared to the 1979–2006 mean. These changes are linked to a 33% reduction in sea ice volume, with decreasing ice concentration, mostly in the marginal seas, and decreasing ice thickness over the entire Arctic, particularly in the western Arctic. The decline in ice volume results in a 37% decrease in ice mechanical strength and 31% in internal ice interaction force, which in turn leads to an increase in ice speed (13%) and deformation rates (17%). The increasing ice speed has the tendency to drive more ice out of the Arctic. However, ice volume export is reduced because the rate of decrease in ice thickness is greater than the rate of increase in ice speed, thus retarding the decline of Arctic sea ice volume. Ice deformation increases the most in fall and least in summer. Thus the effect of changes in ice deformation on the ice cover is likely strong in fall and weak in summer. The increase in ice deformation boosts ridged ice production in parts of the central Arctic near the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland in winter and early spring, but the average ridged ice production is reduced because less ice is available for ridging in most of the marginal seas in fall. The overall decrease in ridged ice production contributes to the demise of thicker, older ice. As the ice cover becomes thinner and weaker, ice motion approaches a state of free drift in summer and beyond and is therefore more susceptible to changes in wind forcing. This is likely to make seasonal or shorter-term forecasts of sea ice edge locations more challenging.
Plastid Genotyping Reveals the Uniformity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile-T Maize Cytoplasms

Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines in maize (Zea mays) have been classified by their response to specific restorer genes into three categories: cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T. A mitochondrial genome representing each of the CMS cytotypes has been sequenced, and male sterility in the cms-S and cms-T cytotypes is linked to chimeric mitochondrial genes. To identify markers for plastid genotyping, we sequenced the plastid genomes of three fertile maize lines (B37, B73, and A188) and the B37 cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T cytoplasmic substitution lines. We found that the plastid genomes of B37 and B73 lines are identical. Furthermore, the fertile and CMS plastid genomes are conserved, differing only by zero to three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions and by eight to 22 SNPs and 10 to 21 short insertions/deletions in noncoding regions. To gain insight into the origin and transmission of the cms-T trait, we identified three SNPs unique to the cms-T plastids and tested the three diagnostic SNPs in 27 cms-T lines, representing the HA, I, Q, RS, and T male-sterile cytoplasms. We report that each of the tested 27 cms-T group accessions have the same three diagnostic plastid SNPs, indicating a single origin and maternal cotransmission of the cms-T mitochondria and plastids to the seed progeny. Our data exclude exceptional pollen transmission of organelles or multiple horizontal gene transfer events as the source of the mitochondrial urf13-T (unidentified reading frame encoding 13-kD cms-T protein) gene in the cms-T cytoplasms. Plastid genotyping enables a reassessment of the evolutionary relationships of cytoplasms in cultivated maize.
The impact of human rights violations and perceptions of discrimination on health service utilization among injection drug users in Delhi, India.

The study was conducted from August to December 2007, in two urban, poor neighborhoods in Delhi. A respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 343 injection drug users who were interviewed with a survey questionnaire that included items of human rights abuses, health service utilization, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression with backward selection of variables was conducted with the three outcome variables—service utilization in general care sector, harm reduction, and drug user treatment. Findings suggest advocating for human rights and securing standards of care in improving health care use and future research on documenting human rights abuses occur in health care settings. The study’s limitations are noted.
Is evolution Darwinian or/and Lamarckian?

Background The year 2009 is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Jean-Bapteste Lamarck's Philosophie Zoologique and the 150th anniversary of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Lamarck believed that evolution is driven primarily by non-randomly acquired, beneficial phenotypic changes, in particular, those directly affected by the use of organs, which Lamarck believed to be inheritable. In contrast, Darwin assigned a greater importance to random, undirected change that provided material for natural selection.
Microwave sterilization of sliced beef in gravy in 7-oz trays

This research was to investigate the feasibility for developing a short-time sterilization protocol for a highly inhomogeneous food prepackaged in polymeric trays using 915 MHz microwave (MW) energy. A 915-MHz, single-mode, 10-kW pilot-scale MW system developed at Washing State University was used for this study. The inhomogeneous food consisted of sliced beef and gravy packaged in 7-oz polymeric trays. Specially formulated whey protein gel, matching the beef product in their dielectric properties, was chosen as a model food to emulate the real food for determination of heating patterns and cold spots inside food trays. The heating patterns and cold spots were detected using a chemical-marker-assisted computer vision method. Processing schedules to achieve desired levels of F0 for 7-oz trays of beef in gravy were established based on temperature histories measured at the identified cold spot location. The developed processing schedules were validated by inoculated pack studies using Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores. The results of this study indicate that the 915-MHz single-mode MW sterilization technology is effective for processing of the inhomogeneous food. The procedure established could be used for developing MW sterilization processes for other packaged inhomogeneous foods, such as chicken meat in gravy in trays and salmon in sauce in pouches. The processing data collected could be helpful for industrial scale-up of the MW system. 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Stephen Crane and the New-York Tribune: A Case Study in Traditional and Non-Traditional Authorship Attribution

This paper describes how traditional and non-traditional methods were used to identify seventeen previously unknown articles that we believe to be by Stephen Crane, published in the New-York Tribune between 1889 and 1892. The articles, printed without byline in what was at the time New York City's most prestigious newspaper, report on activities in a string of summer resort towns on New Jersey's northern shore. Scholars had previously identified fourteen shore reports as Crane's; these possible attributions more than double that corpus. The seventeen articles confirm how remarkably early Stephen Crane set his distinctive writing style and artistic agenda. In addition, the sheer quantity of the articles from the summer of 1892 reveals how vigorously the twenty-year-old Crane sought to establish himself in the role of professional writer. Finally, our discovery of an article about the New Jersey National Guard's summer encampment reveals another way in which Crane immersed himself in nineteenth-century military culture and help to explain how a young man who had never seen a battle could write so convincingly of war in his soon-to-come masterpiece, The Red Badge of Courage. We argue that the joint interdisciplinary approach employed in this paper should be the way in which attributional research is conducted.
An Early T Cell Lineage Commitment Checkpoint Dependent on the Transcription Factor Bcl11b

The identities of the regulators that mediate commitment of hematopoietic precursors to the T lymphocyte lineage have been unknown. The last stage of T lineage commitment in vivo involves mechanisms to suppress natural killer cell potential, to suppress myeloid and dendritic cell potential, and to silence the stem cell or progenitor cell regulatory functions that initially provide T cell receptor–independent self-renewal capability. The zinc finger transcription factor Bcl11b is T cell–specific in expression among hematopoietic cell types and is first expressed in precursors immediately before T lineage commitment. We found that Bcl11b is necessary for T lineage commitment in mice and is specifically required both to repress natural killer cell–associated genes and to down-regulate a battery of stem cell or progenitor cell genes at the pivotal stage of commitment.
Proposal and analysis of a hybrid silicon photonic-lithium niobate waveguide for difference frequency generation

Abstract Integrated optics devices for nonlinear optics may be made by using unpatterned thin films of a nonlinear crystal such as lithium niobate in conjunction with (for example, bonded to) an easily-patterned material such as silicon or silicon nitride which is commonly used in a silicon photonics platform. We propose and analyze a device for difference-frequency generation in a hybrid waveguide which uses the strongest nonlinear tensor coefficient without ion-exchanging, etching, or periodically-poling lithium niobate, which can considerably simplify the fabrication process.
ASME Pressure Vessel Internals and Their Design Code

It is common for designers to use the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME) when designing vessel internals (i.e. process trays, bed supports, bolted connections, etc). Typically the ASME allowables are directly applied to internals without any regard to the member geometry or failure modes. The ASME code was developed for modes of failures experienced in the pressure boundary and was not intended to be utilized for the design of structural components. ANSI/AISC 360-10 “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings” (AISC) addresses the failure mechanisms experienced in structures based on their geometry and boundary conditions. This paper will provide several examples along with a direct comparison between structural members designed to the AISC and ASME codes. This paper will also provide guidance for using the AISC methodology with material properties at design temperature from ASME Section II Part D for robust design of internal structures.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
An Anatomy of ELKS

Equity Linked Securities (ELKS), synthetic PERCS like instruments, are designed to meet the needs of income oriented investors. Investors accept a cap, usually in the 35 to 50 percent range, on the underlying stock's appreciation over three years in exchange for relatively high interest payments. Thus, the fusion of equity and debt characteristics into a single instrument such as ELKS attempts to balance current return against market risk. This article presents a simple contingent claims pricing model for valuing ELKS and uses the model to analyze a specific ELKS issue.
Individual difference predictors of perceived organizational change fairness

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how individual differences influence employees’ attitude toward organizational change. Specifically, the present study examined how and why proactive personality, dispositional resistance to change, and change self-efficacy influence employees’ perceived fairness about the organizational change. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the survey data obtained from a sample of 140 food service employees after some organizational changes in leadership, menu offerings, and facilities. Findings – The results revealed support for two micromediational chains predicting change fairness: first, change self-efficacy leads to less uncertainty and second, dispositional resistance to change leads to less communication regarding change resulting in employees perceiving they have fewer opportunities to voice concerns about the changes. Research limitations/implications – The cross-sectional design prevents causal inferences and...
Diatom infestation of Recent crinoid ossicles in temperate waters, Friday Harbor laboratories, Washington; implications for biodegradation of skeletal carbonates

Implant studies employing crinoid ossicles have been initiated at Friday Harbor Laboratories, Washington, in order to assess the rates and seguences of skeletal carbonate biodegradation in a temperate regime. The design of the implants is construed in an attempt to control for environmental variables. Diatoms are the most conspicuous infesting epiphytes encountered in all skeletal plates subjected to solar energy, and exposed to ambient water movement and sedimentation in the three distinct subtidal microenvironments investigated. Previous investigators have attributed biodegradation in carbonate-undersaturated regimes to diatoms. However, preliminary scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of crinoid ossicles deployed for 10 days demonstrate that diatoms may actually serve as armor against dissolution
BENEFITS OF ADVANCED GEL ELECTROPHORESIS DATA ANALYSIS METHODS

Significantly more information can be obtained if sample mobilities are measured at several gel concentrations (%T) and evaluated on the basis of a mathematical-physical model. This allows one to exploit differences in particle size, charge and shape, and results in the following advantages: (i) Charge and size isomers of proteins can be detected. It is possible to separate components of similar size, but different surface net charge density. (ii) Samples yielding patterns with no discernible peaks can be evaluated to produce size and charge distribution profiles, as shown for protein-conjugated meningitis vaccines. Particle distributions are calculated from 2-D Serwer-type gels. (iii) Different DNA conformations are recognized and reasonable size estimates are available for anomalously migrating DNA species (e.g., bent kinetoplast DNA) or DNA complexes (nucleosome core particles).
Impending myocardial infarction: medical management

It is our practice to suggest coronary arteriography for patients with impending myocardial infarction who respond poorly to medical managemnt. Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery is advised for patients with unstable angina and left main coronary disease. Surgery is not advised for patients with minimal irregularities of the coronary arteries (less than 50% obstruction). Rarely is surgery advised for patients with the syndrome of impending myocardial infarction in whom only the right coronary artery or the left circumflex artery is obstructed. Bypass surgery should be seriously considered for patients with unstable angina and hemodynamically significant disease involving the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (proximal to the first septal perforating branch). On the basis of symptomatic improvement alone, surgically treated patients with the syndrome of impending myocardial infarction seem to fare better than do those treated medically.
Demographics of military dependent children and adolescents : projected patient population shift

The United States government provides health care for one of the largest beneficiary populations in the world. Approximately 796,500 (35%) of the 2.27 million dependent children of uniformed services personnel are adolescents (13 to 19 years old). Although the majority of dependent children are dependents of active duty personnel (74.7%), close to half of the adolescents (47.7%) are dependents of retired personnel. Recent geopolitical world changes and a perceived decreased threat to national security have led to a planned 25% reduction of the active duty force by 1996. The mean age of children beneficiaries will rise as a result. Pediatricians in the military and civilian contract physicians need to prepare for increased health care of older pediatric patients, particularly adolescents.
Analysis of the discharge pattern of floccular Purkinje cells in relation to vertical head and eye movement in the squirrel monkey

Purkinje (P) neurons are highly irregular in their discharge patterns having a high coefficient of variation. We have developed a method to extract the signal from these noisy neurons employing multiple linear regression against the input signals that are causal in P-cell firing, namely retinal slip, head motion parameters, and the efference copy of the oculomotor commands. This method was shown to extract all of the experimental stimulus-related signal as the residual following extraction had the same amplitude distribution and spectral content as those of the spontaneous discharge of P-cells when no external stimuli were applied. The method enables us to decompose P-cell firing modulation into components mediated by mossy fiber inputs to flocculus, that is, retinal slip, vestibular and oculomotor efference copy signals. By evaluating these components in relation to VOR adaptation, one can argue that one role of the flocculus is in converting these sensory and efference copy input signals into eye movement-related signals in conjunction with VOR motor learning.
Morbidity reduction employing a semi-standardized protocol

To evaluate a semi-standardized protocol for colostomy closure, the cases of 166 consecutive patients from 1974 through 1981 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 17 complications (17/166); overall morbidity rate was 2.4 per cent. A significantly increased incidence of major morbidity and septic complications was associated with colostomies closed at an interval of less than 8.5 weeks from formation (P≤0.001). Simple transverse closure of colostomy versus resection and end-to-end anastomosis did not result in increased morbidity (P≤0.1). The wound infection rate was 1.2 per cent (2/166) with 135/166 wounds closed primarily, or primarily over a subcutaneous drain, thus rendering primary wound closure safe and desirable
A Small Academic Library and the Power of EBSCO Discovery Service

ABSTRACTDiscovery systems are important tools that libraries use to connect patrons to the multitude of open access resources and subscription databases. Whitaker Library is a small academic library with a small staff that serves a large population of first-generation college students. Time is a valuable commodity. This article expands on a presentation made at the 2016 North Carolina Serials Conference about how Whitaker Library's collaboration with EBSCO Support helped to create a better user experience for our students and allowed library staff more time to focus on other student needs.
Measuring ultrafast lighthouse effect in femtosecond pulses

Using the STRIPED FISH technique, we measured ultrafast lighthouse effect, which corresponds to pulse amplitude coupling in the spatial-frequency-temporal (k,t) domain. The effect was analyzed and displayed by a spatiotemporal movie in 3D.
Multiple Carboxyl-Terminal Domains of ADAMTS13 Are Required for Systemic Anti-Arterial Thrombosis In Vivo

Abstract 24 A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS)-13 cleaves newly released ultra large (UL) von Willebrand factor (VWF), thereby inhibiting excessive platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Inability to cleave ULVWF due to deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity may result in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a potentially fatal illness, and other arterial thrombotic diseases (i.e. myocardial and cerebral infarctions). However, little is known about the structural components of ADAMTS13 required for systemic anti-arterial thromboses in vivo. In this study, we determined the biological effect of ADAMTS13 and variants on arterial thromboses in a murine model using two different assays. First, using a ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial occlusion assay, we demonstrated that the times to a complete occlusion (TCO) of carotid artery after topical application of 10% ferric chloride (soaked in a filter paper 1×2 min, for 2 min) in wild-type (C57BL/6) mice and Adamts13-/- mice were 10.0 ± 1.0 min (mean ± SEM) (n=9) and 5.3 ± 0.4 min (n=10), respectively. The difference was statistically highly significant (p 30 μ m) and the times to a complete occlusion of blood vessel (Tc) were determined. We showed that the Ti and Tc in wild-type C57BL6 mice were 8.8 ± 0.6 min (mean ± SEM) and 13.7 ± 1.0 min (n=12), respectively. The Ti and Tc in the Adamts13-/- mice (same genetic background) were 5.2 ± 0.6 min (n=15) and 9.6 ± 0.8 min (n=15), respectively. The differences in both Ti and Tc between wild-type mice and Adamts13-/- mice were statistically highly significant (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Temporal and spatial comparisons of the reproductive biology of northern Gulf of Mexico (USA) red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) collected a decade apart

In studies done a decade apart, we provide evidence of a recent shift toward a slower progression to sexual maturity as well as reduced egg production, especially among young, small female red snapper, in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Slower maturation rates (among fish ≤6 years old), lower GSI values and decreased spawning frequency were observed, and were especially pronounced in the northwestern Gulf. Furthermore, an Index of Reproductive Importance showed that young fish (ages 2–7) are contributing far less to the spawning stock in recent years, while older fish (>8 years) are contributing more, when compared to fish from the same age groups sampled in the previous decade. Coincident with these changes in reproductive output, fishing pressure has steadily declined gulf-wide, and spawning stock biomass and spawning potential ratio have increased. Thus, it is possible that the age structure of the red snapper stock is becoming less truncated, or that reproductive effort observed is due to the temporary influence of recent strong year classes produced in 2004 and 2006 as they begin to reach full reproductive potential. If the latter is true, careful documentation of the stock’s reproductive dynamics during a time of population growth provides new understanding at the meta-population spatial and decadal temporal scales. In contrast, if the former is true, a truncated age structure due to overharvest can limit the productivity of the Gulf red snapper stock. In addition, we have learned that red snapper females in the northwestern Gulf collected on natural reefs and banks have much higher reproductive output than those on artificial reefs in the form of standing and toppled oil and gas platforms, thus making the need to know the relative abundance of females found on these disparate habitats an important next step toward better-understanding factors impacting the reproductive dynamics of this species.
The Kumaraswamy transmuted Pareto distribution

In this work, a new five-parameter Kumaraswamy transmuted Pareto (KwTP) distribution is introduced and studied. We discuss various mathematical and statistical properties of the distribution including obtaining expressions for the moments, quantiles, mean deviations, skewness, kurtosis, reliability and order statistics. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by the method of maximum likelihood. We compare the distribution with few other distributions to show its versatility in modeling data with heavy tail.