cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Difficult Good-Byes:

A nationwide survey of psychologists practicing psychotherapy was conducted to determine which personal and professional hindrances to successful terminations therapists experience. The majority of respondents endorsed relatively few hindrances to successful terminations. However, dissatisfaction with treatment results was one hindrance that psychologists endorsed with considerable frequency. Several factors related to both the professional practice and the personal life of the psychotherapist were found to influence this hindrance to successful terminations. A discussion of the implications of these findings is included.
Ascoli-Arzela Theory

The opening section illustrated the usefulness of the Ascoli-Arzela theorem in proving analytic theorems. In this section, we’ll find out precisely what this result is.
Better meta-analytic methods, but best initial treatment for status epilepticus remains obscure.

The most effective benzodiazepine and route of delivery to use as initial treatment for people in status epilepticus is not clear, despite many small and a few medium and large clinical trials. There are many potential choices of both drug and route. Everybody has their favorite and a reason for their choice. Americans like lorazepam, for which there is a wealth of data, but they consistently underdose it. The British favor midazolam and continental Europeans often choose clonazepam for its favorable pharmacology, but hunger for randomized clinical data to support their preconceived conclusions. Families of people with epilepsy prefer giving agents across the buccal mucosa rather than rectally. Some paramedics like the certainty of an IM injection and others the needleless-ness of an intranasal atomizer. Administrators want to avoid higher-cost preparations and favor agents with long shelf lives without refrigeration. Clinical investigations are typically designed with only one of these aspects in mind. As with the blind men and the elephant (figure), a coherent view of the big picture remains elusive. How, then, are we to best understand the data surrounding this clinical question?
Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 18F-fluorobenzyltriphenyl phosphonium

1512 Objectives 18F-labeled p-fluorobenzyltriphenyl phosphonium (18F-FBnTP) is a member of a new class of positron-emitting lipophilic cations that targets the mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to assess the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 18F-FBnTP in healthy humans. Methods Three healthy subjects (1 male and 2 female; age, 26-29 y) were injected with 208 ± 14 MBq of 18F-FBnTP. During a 3-h period, each subject underwent 9 serial rapid 3D PET and 2 low-dose CT acquisitions on a PET/CT camera. PET/CT images were registered across time points. Source organ contours (19-20) drawn manually on a CT were overlaid onto registered PET images to extract time-activity curves. Time-integrated activity coefficients (TIACs) derived from time-activity curves using a combination of numerical and analytical method were given as input to OLINDA/EXM for dose calculations. Dynamic voiding-bladder model was used to obtain TIAC for urinary bladder contents by assuming a 3.5 h voiding interval. Results Increased uptake was observed in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, adrenals and gastrointestinal tract source organs. The highest organ absorbed doses (µGy/MBq) were observed for the liver (128), urinary bladder wall (125), gallbladder wall (106) and kidneys (79). The mean effective dose based on ICRP 60 tissue weighting factors was 27 µSv/MBq. For a 370-MBq 18F-FBnTP, the effective dose is 10.0 mSv, and the absorbed dose to critical organ (liver) is 47.5 mGy. Conclusions The liver is the critical organ for 18F-FBnTP, in humans. A maximum, single administration of 389 MBq (10.5 mCi) of 18F-FBnTP can be safely administered without exceeding the Radioactive Drug Research Committee limits specified in 10 Code of Federal Regulations 21, part 361
The role of carotenoids in the color polymorphism of the sea anemone, Bunodosoma granulifera (anthozoa:actiniaria)

Abstract 1. 1. The carotenoids responsible for the column color of Bunodosoma granulifera were examined. 2. 2. Three color morphs derive their colors from various proportions of the three major carotenoid diesters of astaxanthin ( 2 ), 2′-norastaxanthin ( 4 ) and 2,2′-bisnorastaxanthin ( 5 ). 3. 3. Population samples from Curacao and Puerto Rico differ in the frequencies of the color morphs and, consequently, in the mean proportions of the major carotenoids. 4. 4. This is interpreted as evidence of genetic differentiation between these populations at the enzyme loci involved.
Spatio-temporal integration in binocular-kinetic space perception

Information about movement (i.e. kinetic information) is picked up bmocularly from a disparate pair of time-varying optical inputs by means of a perceptual spatio-temporal integration process. The nature of this process was investigated by alternating the exposures of a moving target to the two eyes, and systematically varying both the temporal and luminance relations between the binocular inputs. Depending upon these stimulus relations different depth percepts resulted, indicating that differentialbinocular pairing was occurring, with very high temporal precision, between that pair of neural signals between which there was the smaller offset-onset temporal disparity. Both the upper and lower temporal limits of the phenomenon were investigated. The phenomenon was observed even under flicker-fusion conditions, indicating that the information about temporal discontinuity was still available for perceptual processing, even though the illumination was seen as temporally continuous.
Polarimetric suppression of early-time scattering for late-time target identification

One can suppress the strong signal amplitude of the early-time scattering, relative to the late-time signal containing the natural resonances (for target identification) using various techniques. This paper discusses the use of polarization for the early-time suppression.
Strain release mechanism of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake

Reexamination of geodetic data has shown that aseismic slip occurred on or near the San Andreas fault in the period of about 20 years after 1906. The inferred displacements are comparable to but at greater depths than the sudden slip that occurred at the time of the earthquake. The postseismic slip is constrained only between late 1906 and 1925, and data are insufficient to determine the movements, if any, below about 20 kilometers on the fault. Two independent observations also indicate stubstantial anomalous crustal deformation away from the fault at least 30 years before the earthquake.
Application of optimization principles in determining the applied moments in human leg joints during gait.

Abstract : To eliminate the difficulties encountered in numerical differentiation in calculating the internal moments at leg joints during gait, an alternative method based on optimal design principles is proposed. In this method, the moments are first estimated in order to solve a set of differential equations for the velocities and displacements involved during gait. The displacements so obtained are compared with the experimentally measured values. An iterative scheme is developed so that as the variations between the calculated and the measured displacements decreases the desired solution for the moments is approached. The analytical model of human gait is derived based on reasonable assumptions. The direct method of steepest descent is applied to pursue the solution. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are discussed based on the characteristics of the physical system and the method of steepest descent. The analysis and the method of solution can easily be extended to other similar biodynamical problems.
Breaking through limbo: experiences of adults living with obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potentially devastating condition that diminishes quality of life and leads to serious consequences without treatment. Diagnosis often is delayed and, once diagnosed, adherence to prescribed therapy tends to be a major barrier to management. This grounded theory study was focused on the experiences of a diverse group of 82 adults who were at various points in the process of obtaining a diagnosis and living with OSA. Participants described being in “limbo” and needing to break through that limbo to be successful at managing their OSA. Results provide new insights into the experience of living with OSA that can be beneficial in promoting treatment and shaping effective management of the condition.
The Value of Proposed Earned Income Tax Credits to the Office of Child Support Enforcement's Caseload: A Comparison and Recommendations

Child support is a successful program that gives financial support to children from low-income households who do not live with both biological parents. However, requiring the absent noncustodial parent (NCP)—the father in over 80 percent of cases—to pay child support leads to a moral hazard that the NCP may impoverish himself when helping his child or children. To overcome this drawback, New York and the District of Columbia have implemented noncustodial earned income tax credits (NC-EITC) that award tax rebates to NCPs who fully pay their child support. This article compares the New York NC-EITC with two other less targeted and, likely, more expensive proposals that increase the EITC for all low-income individuals without dependents regardless of whether they have children. Using a variety of metrics, the article concludes that if the goal of these proposals is to prevent NCPs from impoverishing themselves when paying child support, they all accomplish that mission similarly well. Only a small group of NCPs who do not have past-due payments can benefit from any of the proposals. A policy proposal to help NCPs escape impoverishment must find methods to reduce the prevalence and magnitude of arrears in addition to proposing an expanded EITC.
Psychological interventions for chronic pain: a critical review. I. Relaxation training and biofeedback.

There has been substantial recent application of psychological techniques‘in pain management, often within the context of multidisciplinary pain clinics. It is now important to ask whether these procedures are meeting the goals they purport to achieve and how they compare with one another. In part I of this two-part article, we provide a background for the problem of chronic pain and the current psychological conceptualizations of pain phenomena. Research on the effectiveness of relaxation training and biofeedback is also discussed. In part II, studies of the efficacy of operant conditioning,. hypnosis, and co~itive-behavioral therapy are examined. Finally, the comparative efficacy of these interventions, salient methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are considered.
Heat capacities and thermal behavior of alkali borate glasses

Abstract The heat capacities of selected glasses in the five alkali borate systems have been measured over a range of high temperatures which includes the respective glass transition regions. The heat capacities per gram atom at 350°K show little variation with composition while those at the low temperature ends of the glass transition, Tg-, show some systematic variations. When compared with the respective 3R values, the heat capacities at Tg- range from about 0.75 for B2O3 to values in excess of unity for various alkali borate compositions. The present data on heat capacity have been combined with previous data on the elastic moduli, densities and thermal expansion coefficients to evaluate the Gruneisen constant, γ, for each composition for temperatures around ambient. For B2O3, γ has a low value of about 0.25. It decreases with additions of Li2O and increases with additions of the other alkali oxides.
THINKING AS MODELING, ANALOGIZING, AND METAPHORIZING

(1977). THINKING AS MODELING, ANALOGIZING, AND METAPHORIZING. The Review of Education: Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 397-406.
A new feature in Leukemia & Lymphoma: "Emerging drug profile".

Decoding of the six billion bases of the human genome not only provided fundamental knowledge of the complete genetic sequence of a normal cell, but also opened access to the capacity to compare an...
Primary structure of the γ subunit of the DHP-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle.

Affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies to the gamma subunit of the dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive, voltage-dependent calcium channel have been used to isolate complementary DNAs to the rabbit skeletal muscle protein from an expression library. The deduced primary structure indicates that the gamma subunit is a 25,058-dalton protein that contains four transmembrane domains and two N-linked glycosylation sites, consistent with biochemical analyses showing that the gamma subunit is a glycosylated hydrophobic protein. Nucleic acid hybridization studies indicate that there is a 1200-nucleotide transcript in skeletal muscle but not in brain or heart. The gamma subunit may play a role in assembly, modulation, or the structure of the skeletal muscle calcium channel.
Assessing Section 508 compliance on federal e-government Web sites: A multi-method, user-centered evaluation of accessibility for persons with disabilities

Abstract Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act requires federal e-government Web sites to be accessible to persons with disabilities. While some studies have assessed the accessibility of federal e-government sites, most of these studies did not sufficiently examine the breadth and depth of issues related to Web site accessibility. This article details a multi-method, user-centered study of the accessibility of federal e-government sites that addresses the complexities of accessibility and the reasons for continued inaccessibility on federal e-government sites. By employing policy analysis, user testing, expert testing, automated testing, and a survey of federal Web developers, this study provides a multi-dimensional, user-centered portrait of the levels of accessibility of federal e-government Web sites, reasons for the current levels of accessibility, and perceptions about accessibility. This article discusses the legal requirements of accessibility, the previous research, and the data and findings of this study, and ultimately offers recommendations for increasing federal e-government Web site compliance with Section 508.
A simulation—optimization framework for addressing combinatorial and stochastic aspects of an R&D pipeline management problem

Abstract The R&D pipeline management problem has far-reaching economic implications for new-product-development driven industries, such as pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and agrochemical industries. Effective decision-making is required with respect to portfolio selection and project task scheduling in the face of significant uncertainty and an ever-constrained resource pool. In this paper, the here-and-now stochastic optimization problem inherent to the management of an R&D pipeline is described in its most general form. Subsequently, a computing architecture, Sim—Opt, is presented that combines mathematical programming and discrete event system simulation to assess the uncertainty and control the risk present in the pipeline. The concept of timelines, that studies multiple unique realizations of the controlled evolution of the discrete-event pipeline system, is introduced. Three different implementations of the decision-making module in Sim—Opt have been described and studied through an example case study.
Modeling and measuring the visual detection of ecologically relevant motion by an Anolis lizard

Motion in the visual periphery of lizards, and other animals, often causes a shift of visual attention toward the moving object. This behavioral response must be more responsive to relevant motion (predators, prey, conspecifics) than to irrelevant motion (windblown vegetation). Early stages of visual motion detection rely on simple local circuits known as elementary motion detectors (EMDs). We presented a computer model consisting of a grid of correlation-type EMDs, with videos of natural motion patterns, including prey, predators and windblown vegetation. We systematically varied the model parameters and quantified the relative response to the different classes of motion. We carried out behavioral experiments with the lizard Anolis sagrei and determined that their visual response could be modeled with a grid of correlation-type EMDs with a spacing parameter of 0.3° visual angle, and a time constant of 0.1 s. The model with these parameters gave substantially stronger responses to relevant motion patterns than to windblown vegetation under equivalent conditions. However, the model is sensitive to local contrast and viewer-object distance. Therefore, additional neural processing is probably required for the visual system to reliably distinguish relevant from irrelevant motion under a full range of natural conditions.
Asthma, Allergy, and Sinopulmonary Disease in Pediatric Condition Falsification

Reports of pediatric condition falsification (PCF) have noted, but not emphasized, exaggerated complaints of real and common illnesses. Among the most frequent chronic childhood illnesses are asthma, allergy, drug sensitivity, and ear and sinopulmonary infections. The most common pediatric surgery is the insertion of myringotomy tubes. A computer database of 104 PCF victims from 68 families spanning from 1974 to 1998 was searched for the frequency of these conditions. Outright falsification or extreme exaggeration of severity of asthma or allergies was noted in 52 children (50%), sinopulmonary infections in 50 (48%), and drug reactions or sensitivities in 30 (29%). Forty-five children (43%) had otolaryngologic surgery, including ear tubes. In all, 71 children (68%) had at least one of these conditions. Associated victim and perpetrator characteristics are described. Children with PCF are not only subjected to induced illnesses and excessive medical diagnostic and therapeutic efforts but also victimized b) the consequences of false and exaggerated complaints of common pediatric diseases.
Quasi-Optimal Algorithms for the Control Loops of the Fermilab Energy Saver Satellite Refrigerator

The Cryogenic System of the Satellite Refrigerator for the Energy Saver Accelerator Ring comprises 12 interrelated closed loops and several open loops. A quasi-optimal algorithm to control the Cryogenic System, under different modes operation, is described. The constraints imposed to define these algorithms and the process followed to characterize the functional parameters are described. A report on the results obtained with the algorithms in a test facility will be presented.
Fabrication and properties of hybrid polymer/small-molecular phosphorescent OLEDs based on poly(N-vinyl carbazole)

The properties of phosphorescent fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy3)]-doped poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) polymer/small molecular hybrid OLEDs are described. For optimal BPhen thickness, the power efficiency of the devices exceeds 30 lm/W. The low-temperature electroluminescence- detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) exhibits the well-known negative spin 1/2 resonance attributed to enhanced formation of trions, but the positive spin 1/2 resonance, typically observed at low temperature or at high current density, is not observed. The OLEDs' performance and the ELDMR results are discussed in relation to the nature of the defects and their density in these devices.
Anisotropic Diffusion of Cadmium and Gold Tracers in Zinc Single Crystals

The anisotropic diffusion coefficients of the radioactive tracers cadmium ($115m$) and gold (198) in single crystals of high-purity zinc, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal axis, were measured by the standard sectioning technique. Cadmium diffused at a rate faster than that of self-diffusion and with ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}g{D}_{\mathrm{II}}$. Gold diffused at a rate slower than that of self-diffusion and with ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}g{D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. The results of the measurements are as follows: For cadimum ($115m$), ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}=(0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(20.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(20.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec; for gold (198), ${D}_{\mathrm{II}}=(0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(29.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{(29.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.45)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}}{\mathrm{RT}}]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. On the basis of the vacancy mechanism one can interpret the fast diffusion of cadmium in terms of an appreciable binding between the vacancy and the diffusing ion; conversely the slow diffusion of gold in terms of a repulsion between the vacancy and the diffusing ion.
Explorations of the solubilizing effectiveness of CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 O substituents in the photocyclizations of some 1,2-diarylethylenes to [ n ]phenacenes

Abstract We have previously published many photocyclizations of 1,2-diarylethylenes to produce zig-zag aromatic ring systems with n = 5, 7, and 11 fused benzene rings. We invented the name [n]phenacenes for these compounds. To increase their solubilities we attached either various alkyl or phenyl substituents. We present here our recent explorations of the effectiveness of CH3OCH2CH2O substituents as solubilizing groups in three examples of diarylethylene photocyclizations that produced one [5]phenacene and two [7]phenacene systems.
The Cumulative Deficit Hypothesis in the Light of Cross-Cultural Evidence

The cumulative deficit hypothesis proposes that under conditions of marked social and environmental deprivation growth and development deficits in children will augment as children grow older. This study assessed between group (cultures) differences in intra-group (age) changes in performance of 3 to 6-year-old children in a battery of tests (Discrimination Learning, Short-Term Memory and Oddity Learning) derived from a theoretical model relating attention, learning and memory processes. Subjects were selected from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and from two lowland villages in Guatemala. The two groups of children were exposed to markedly different environments and presented significant differences in health and nutrition status. The focus of the study is on whether the developmental trends observed within groups are different between groups. Age trends within samples were analyzed by breaking the age into three groups: 31 to 42, 43 to 54, and 55 to 66 months.In Cambridge changes in test performance as a func...
Green fluorescent protein as a noninvasive intracellular pH indicator.

Abstract It was found that the absorbance and fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants are strongly pH dependent in aqueous solutions and intracellular compartments in living cells. pH titrations of purified recombinant GFP mutants indicated >10-fold reversible changes in absorbance and fluorescence with pK a values of 6.0 (GFP-F64L/S65T), 5.9 (S65T), 6.1 (Y66H), and 4.8 (T203I) with apparent Hill coefficients of 0.7 for Y66H and ∼1 for the other proteins. For GFP-S65T in aqueous solution in the pH range 5–8, the fluorescence spectral shape, lifetime (2.8ns), and circular dichroic spectra were pH independent, and fluorescence responded reversibly to a pH change in 5, but both protonation and conformational changes at lower pH. To evaluate GFP as an intracellular pH indicator, CHO and LLC-PK1 cells were transfected with cDNAs that targeted GFP-F64L/S65T to cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum. Calibration procedures were developed to determine the pH dependence of intracellular GFP fluorescence utilizing ionophore combinations (nigericin and CCCP) or digitonin. The pH sensitivity of GFP-F64L/S65T in cytoplasm and organelles was similar to that of purified GFP-F64L/S65T in saline. NH 4 Cl pulse experiments indicated that intracellular GFP fluorescence responds very rapidly to a pH change. Applications of intracellular GFP were demonstrated, including cytoplasmic and organellar pH measurement, pH regulation, and response of mitochondrial pH to protonophores. The results establish the application of GFP as a targetable, noninvasive indicator of intracellular pH.
A plant kinesin heavy chain-like protein is a calmodulin-binding protein

Summary Calmodulin, a calcium modulated protein, regulates the activity of several proteins that control cellular functions. A cDNA encoding a unique calmodulin-binding protein, PKCBP, was isolated from a potato expression library using protein-protein interaction based screening. The cDNA encoded protein bound to biotinylated calmodulin and 35S-labeled calmodulin in the presence of calcium and failed to bind in the presence of EGTA, a calcium chelator. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PKCBP has a domain of about 340 amino acids in the C-terminus that showed significant sequence similarity with the kinesin heavy chain motor domain and contained conserved ATP- and microtubule-binding sites present in the motor domain of all known kinesin heavy chains. Outside the motor domain, the PKCBP showed no sequence similarity with any of the known kinesins, but contained a globular domain in the N-terminus and a putative coiled-coil region in the middle. The calmodulin-binding region was mapped to a stretch of 64 amino acid residues in the C-terminus region of the protein. The gene is differentially expressed with the highest expression in apical buds. A homolog of PKCBP from Arabidopsis (AKCBP) showed identical structural organization indicating that kinesin heavy chains that bind to calmodulin are likely to exist in other plants. This paper presents evidence that the motor domain has microtubule stimulated ATPase activity and binds to microtubules in a nucleotide-dependent manner. The kinesin heavy chain-like calmodulin-binding protein is a new member of the kinesin superfamily as none of the known kinesin heavy chains contain a calmodulin-binding domain. The presence of a calmodulin-binding motif and a motor domain in a single polypeptide suggests regulation of kinesin heavy chain driven motor function(s) by calcium and calmodulin.
Clinical significance of embolic events in patients undergoing endovascular femoropopliteal interventions with or without embolic protection devices

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of embolic events in patients undergoing endovascular femoropopliteal interventions with or without embolic protection devices (EPDs). Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 566 patients treated by 836 endovascular femoropopliteal interventions for lower extremity claudication (46%) or critical limb ischemia (54%) from 2002 to 2012. Outcomes were analyzed in 74 patients/87 interventions performed with EPDs (Spider Rx; Covidien, Plymouth, Minn) and 513 patients/749 interventions performed without EPDs. TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II classification, runoff scores, and embolic events were analyzed. End points were morbidity, mortality, reintervention, patency, and major amputation rates. Results Both groups had similar demographics, indications, cardiovascular risk factors, and runoff scores, but patients treated with EPDs had significantly ( P P = .35). Macroscopic debris was noted in 59 (68%) filter baskets. Embolic events were not associated with lesion length, TASC classification, runoff scores, treatment type, or indication but were independently associated with occlusion. Patients who had embolization required more reinterventions (20% vs 3%; P P = .02). There was no difference in hospital stay (2.4 ± 4 days vs 1.6 ± 2 days; P = .08), reintervention (2% vs 4%), and major amputation (1% vs 4%) among patients treated with or without EPD, respectively. The two patients who developed embolization with EPDs had no clinical sequela and required no reintervention. Most emboli were successfully treated by catheter aspiration or thrombolysis, but eight patients (24%) treated without EPD required prolonged hospital stay, seven (21%) had multiple reinterventions, one (3%) had unanticipated major amputation, and one (3%) died from hemorrhagic complications of thrombolysis. Median follow-up was 20 months. At 2 years, primary patency and freedom from reintervention was similar for TASC A/B and TASC C/D lesions treated with or without EPDs. Conclusions Rates of embolization are low in patients undergoing endovascular femoropopliteal interventions with (4%) or without (2%) EPD. Embolization is more frequent in patients with occlusions. While emboli in patients with EPD had no clinical sequel, those treated without EPD required multiple reinterventions in 21% or resulted in major amputation or death in 3%. Late outcomes were similar in patients treated with or without EPDs.
Realism in Rough Water

Plotinus is a notoriously difficult philosopher whose eclectic and elliptical style generates numerous problems for the interpreter. Intent upon establishing the consistency and uniqueness of Plotinus' views about sense perception, the young Icelandic scholar Ey6lfur Emilsson boldly sets sail on this rough sea. 1 Directing our attention to specific texts where perception is discussed, he considers these passages in detail and examines them within the context provided by earlier Greek philosophy. This approach forces the reader to reflect on Plotinus' contributions to the philosophy of perception and to see that philosophy in a new light. Emilsson argues that Plotinus is a direct realist whose theory, nevertheless, embraces a distinction between sensory affections and perceptions. After introducing several central doctrines of Plotinus' metaphysics and psychology in the first two chapters, Emilsson turns to the topic of sensory affection in the third and fourth chapters. Examining Enneads IV.5.1-4,8, Emilsson, contrary to other interpreters, argues that Plotinus discusses a medium in vision, light, only to reject it as the vehicle for visual transmission. The organ is affected not by the medium but through sympatheia between the object and the eye due to the "nonphysical omnipresence of form" in the medium (p. 57). In the fourth chapter, Emilsson develops the notion of sensory affection as an assimilation of the organ to the object and he argues that this assimilation is not merely a physical change in the organ. In vision, the organ is assimilated to the form (color) which possesses extensionality and spatiality but not mass and so is intermediate between the sensible and the intelligible. The next three chapters deal with perception. Here Emilsson broaches a number of important topics including the unity of perception, the relation between perception and the faculty of representation, perception as a form
The use of diaminobenzidine for spectrophotometric and acrylamide gel detection of sulfite oxidase and its applicability to hydrogen peroxide-generating enzymes

Abstract DAB, in the presence of HRP, sulfite oxidase and FBS, polymerizes to a product with an absorption difference maximum at 352 nm. This reaction has been used as a sensitive and specific spectrophotometric assay for sulfite oxidase. Incubation of acrylamide gels containing sulfite oxidase with assay mixtures produces an insoluble product which precipitates where the enzyme is localized. This stain is at least as sensitive as the amido black protein stain and its specificity is such that no band is seen in the absence of substrate, and that only one band, migrating identically to purified enzyme is seen in rat liver homogenates. This polymerization reaction has been applied to other H 2 O 2 -generating enzymes and can be used to demonstrate the presence of these enzymes in the midst of other oxidases. DAB polymerization provides a sensitive spectrophotometric assay which can be used with either ultraviolet or visible optics. The application of this procedure to modified enzymes is discussed.
344 MATERNAL AND FETAL CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO SINGLE DOSE DIAZEPAM ADMINISTRATION IN PREGNANT EWES

Fourteen experiments were conducted in seven chronically instrumented pregnant ewes equipped with electromagnetic flow probes around the main uterine arteries and with catheters inserted into maternal and fetal aorta and inferior vena cava. Following collection of baseline data, maternal observations were made at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after a maternal intravenous bolus injection of Diazepam, 0.2 mg/kg, while fetal parameters were assessed 30, 90, and 150 minutes after drug infusion. Mean maternal pH decreased at 15 minutes (p <0.01) associated with a reduction in mean maternal PO2 (p <0.01) and an increase in mean maternal PCO2 (p <0.01), which persisted for most of the observation period. Reduction in maternal PO2 was not seen after 30 minutes until observed again at 150 and 180 minutes (p <0.01). Maternal and fetal blood pressure, fetal heart rate and uterine blood flow remained unchanged. Mean fetal pH decreased at 30, 90 and 150 minutes (p <0.01). Fetal PO2 decreased at 150 minutes (p <0.01). Conclusion: Single bolus Diazepam administration is associated with modest reduction in fetal pH and PO2 without any changes in uterine blood flow. Changes in maternal respiratory physiology and/or a direct fetal effect may be responsible for these observations.
Electronic Transitions in Slow Collisions of Atoms and Molecules. V. Multichannel Eikonal Approximation for the Differential (p+, H) Excitation and Rearrangement Collisions

The multichannel (${p}^{+}$, H) collisions are investigated in the three-state approximation. In our formulation, precautions are taken to ensure that the state function has the correct asymptotic behavior. Consequently, the spurious long-range interactions coming from the nonadiabatic interactions do not appear in our coupled equations. These coupled equations are solved in the straight-line eikonal approximation. The calculated differential elastic, electron-transfer, and $2p\ensuremath{\pi}$-excitation cross sections are compared with recent experimental data and other theoretical results.
Lorazepam reinstates punishment-suppressed remifentanil self-administration in rats

We recently described a reinstatement procedure that models relapse to drug abuse in cases where abstinence results from aversive consequences of drug use. The potential value of this punishment-based model of relapse depends on its sensitivity to relapse-inducing events that are ineffective in the widely used extinction-based model. It is known that certain drugs can have antipunishment effects, but these drugs have not been tested in the punishment-based reinstatement procedure. Therefore, the effects of the benzodiazepine, lorazepam, were examined using punishment-based and extinction-based reinstatement procedures. Rats self-administered the opioid, remifentanil (4 μg/kg per infusion). Two punishment groups were trained with response-contingent footshock that suppressed baseline rates of responding to zero. In an extinction group, remifentanil delivery was discontinued, and baseline responding stabilized at a low rate (mean=0.06 responses/min). Lorazepam (0.08–10 mg/kg, IP) was given during test sessions with the shock contingency discontinued for both punishment groups. Remifentanil delivery was maintained during testing in one punishment group but not the other. Lorazepam reinstated self-administration responding in both punishment groups but not in the extinction group. Priming injections of heroin reinstated responding in both the punishment and extinction groups, but combining heroin and lorazepam did not enhance reinstatement. This is the first demonstration that a trigger for relapse may have different effects depending on whether aversive conditioning contributed to the achievement of abstinence. It may be important to consider potential antipunishment effects of both abused drugs and therapeutic agents in the treatment of individuals with a history of drug abuse.
ERE database: a database of genomic maps and biological properties of endogenous retroviral elements in the C57BL/6J mouse genome.

Endogenous retroviral elements (EREs), a family of transposable elements, constitute a substantial fraction of mammalian genomes. It is expected that profiles of the ERE sequences and their genomic locations are unique for each individual. Comprehensive characterization of the EREs’ genomic locations and their biological properties is essential for understanding their roles in the pathophysiology of the host. In this study, we identified and mapped putative EREs (a total of 111 endogenous retroviruses [ERVs] and 488 solo long terminal repeats [sLTRs]) within the C57BL/6J mouse genome. The biological properties of individual ERE isolates (both ERVs and sLTRs) were then characterized in the following aspects: transcription potential, tropism trait, coding potential, recombination event, integration age, and primer binding site for replication. In addition, a suite of database management system programs was developed to organize and update the data acquired from current and future studies and to make the data accessible via internet.
Proteomic Analyses of Host and Pathogen Responses during Bovine Mastitis

The pursuit of biomarkers for use as clinical screening tools, measures for early detection, disease monitoring, and as a means for assessing therapeutic responses has steadily evolved in human and veterinary medicine over the past two decades. Concurrently, advances in mass spectrometry have markedly expanded proteomic capabilities for biomarker discovery. While initial mass spectrometric biomarker discovery endeavors focused primarily on the detection of modulated proteins in human tissues and fluids, recent efforts have shifted to include proteomic analyses of biological samples from food animal species. Mastitis continues to garner attention in veterinary research due mainly to affiliated financial losses and food safety concerns over antimicrobial use, but also because there are only a limited number of efficacious mastitis treatment options. Accordingly, comparative proteomic analyses of bovine milk have emerged in recent years. Efforts to prevent agricultural-related food-borne illness have likewise fueled an interest in the proteomic evaluation of several prominent strains of bacteria, including common mastitis pathogens. The interest in establishing biomarkers of the host and pathogen responses during bovine mastitis stems largely from the need to better characterize mechanisms of the disease, to identify reliable biomarkers for use as measures of early detection and drug efficacy, and to uncover potentially novel targets for the development of alternative therapeutics. The following review focuses primarily on comparative proteomic analyses conducted on healthy versus mastitic bovine milk. However, a comparison of the host defense proteome of human and bovine milk and the proteomic analysis of common veterinary pathogens are likewise introduced.
Leadership for Learning

Abstract Through a leadership for learning approach, a school–university partnership in a large, urban district was able to recruit, develop, and retain new and existing school leaders. Two cohorts of new leaders were trained while existing leaders enhanced their skills through professional development. Data indicated that the school–university partnership increased the overall percentage of new district leaders by over 19 percent, and met or exceeded all seven of its established targets for leadership development and sustainability.
Magnetic amplifier Design — Part Ii

THE EXCELLENT SUITABILITY and fine performance of the magnetic amplifier in applications requiring ruggedness and reliability have led to increasing use of this device as a control component. From this situation arises a need for information and methods to be used in the design of the magnetic amplifier as a system component. With this background, an effort is directed toward presenting an organized collection of data which may be used in a practical step-by-step manner to design the toroidal magnetic amplifier. Although emphasis is given to the single-ended, full-wave, single-phase circuits, some approximate equivalence factors have been given for various other circuits. The scope is limited to the self-saturating type magnetic amplifiers. These techniques are arranged to save the component designer's time and thus expedite the engineering of magnetic amplifiers.
Shared Governance from the Perspective of the Community College Information Professional.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to pilot a survey meant to learn about shared governance opportunities of Information Professionals within a library or learning resources environment in a community college setting. Participants were Chief Academic Officers (CAOs) from each of the 19 community colleges in Alabama. The ten-question survey instrument was prepared using the www.surveymonkey.com website and sent as links via e-mail after an initial phone call soliciting participation. The survey was available for two-weeks; 79% of the CAOs responded. Statistical analyses revealed that Information Professionals were most often selected as second or third appointees to committees, following administrators and faculty members, and they were predominantly appointed to legal/policy-making committees rather than economic or social/political decision-making bodies.
Finance and the Regulatory Environment — An Introduction

The pace of new regulation has been quite rapid in the United States during the past fifteen years. Consider the number of major pieces of legislation that have been passed during this time span and you immediately gain insight into this fast‐paced regulatory climate. It has been argued by some that oversight during the 1980s was lax and that regulations were much less enforced than in previous decades. This may be true in certain areas such as antitrust enforcement, but there can be no doubt that the total body of regulation has been expanding continuously.
Mixed-symmetry states in weakly deformed nuclei from (n,n’γ) reaction studies

The current status of 2+ mixed-symmetry states in weakly deformed nuclei is described, and recent contributions from the (n,n’γ) reaction to our understanding of these states in nuclei around 94Mo are reviewed. The recent identification and characterization of two-phonon states, which are composed of the 2+ mixed-symmetry state coupled with the 2+ symmetric quadrupole phonon, are particularly significant and help clarify the picture of mixed-symmetry states as being generally occurring collective excitations.
Volume recovery of polystyrene: evolution of the characteristic relaxation time

Abstract We have developed a new experimental technique that uses intermittent temperature perturbations during volume recovery in order to obtain quantitative information concerning the evolution of the characteristic relaxation time for volume during structural recovery. The experiments are analogous to the intermittent creep experiments developed by Struik. Using an automated capillary dilatometer and a polystyrene sample, the time-temperature history dependence of the characteristic relaxation time for volume was investigated. Our preliminary results show that for the set of temperature down jumps and memory experiments investigated, the characteristic relaxation time appears to depend only on the instantaneous state of the material. However, the results are not totally consistent with the Tool–Narayanaswamy model/Kovacs–Aklonis–Hutchinson–Ramos model.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of scattering from a distribution of cracks

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation that studies the scattering of longitudinal elastic waves by a distribution of cracks. The experimental portion measures the transmission coefficients at imperfect interfaces using a high fidelity heterodyne interferometer. Specimens are manufactured with known distributions of cracks that vary from 0% (perfect interface) to 24%. Incident longitudinal elastic waves are generated with a broadband, contact piezoelectric transducer and the backscattered wave field is measured with the interferometer. The theoretical analysis examines the interaction of elastic waves with a distribution of cracks using a differential self-consistent scheme in conjunction with Auld's formula for backscattering. In this model the multiple scattering problem from a distribution of cracks is reduced to finding the crack opening displacement of a single crack. Transmission coefficients are presented as functions of incident wave-number, flaw size and percentage of defects. The experimentally measured values are compared with the theoretically predicted results and excellent agreement is obtained.
The role of the 3'-untranslated region of non-polyadenylated plant viral mRNAs in regulating translational efficiency

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense RNA virus in which the single genomic RNA functions as a messenger RNA. It is a member of a class of plant viral RNAs that are the only known non-polyadenylated mRNAs in plants. The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TMV genomic RNA is the functional equivalent ofapoly(A) tail in that it increases mRNA stability and regulates translational efficiency. To determine whether the 3'-UTR of other non-polyadenylated plant viral mRNAs regulate translation, those from turnip yellow mosaic (TYMV), brome mosaic (BMV), and alfalfa mosaic (A1MV) viruses were investigated. Chimeric gene constructs were made in which the viral 3'-UTRs were introduced immediately downstream from the reporter genes encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) and luciferase (LUC), and were translated in plant protoplasts following delivery of the mRNA using electroporation. The 3'-UTR from BMV RNA3 regulated reporter gene expression in vivo to an extent comparable to that observed for the TMV 3'-UTR. The BMV 3'-UTR increased both message stability and translational efficiency. As regulators of translation, the BMV and TMV 3'-UTR were dependent on the presence of a cap at the 5' terminus for function. The 3' UTR of TYMV or A1MV RNA4 had little impact on translation or transcript stability. These data suggest that although the TMV 3'-UTR is not unique in regulating translation, the 3'-UTR of plant viral mRNAs do vary in their regulatory ability.
The Potential of SERMs for Reducing the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent a growing class of compounds that act as either estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists in a tissue-selective manner. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that estrogen has favorable effects on serum lipids and might affect processes at the blood vessel wall to inhibit atherosclerosis. SERMs with the appropriate selectivity profile offer the opportunity to dissociate these favorable cardiovascular effects of estrogen from its unfavorable stimulatory effects on the breast and uterus. This article reviews the data from both animal and human studies that document the cardiovascular effects of SERMs and discusses the clinical implications of these results.
Paraumbilical intestinal remnant, closed abdominal wall, and midgut loss in a neonate.

Abstract A newborn with a mummified right paraumbilical intestinal remnant, closed abdominal wall, and loss of most of the midgut raises important questions concerning embryonic abdominal wall closure and the intrauterine events leading to gastroschisis and “congenital” short gut syndrome.