cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residual Effects of New Insecticides on Egg and Nymph Densities of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

The residual effects of 4 new insecticides (cyazypyr, flupyradifurone, pyrifluquinazon, and sulfoxaflor) and 2 registered insecticides (pymetrozine and a combination of zeta-cypermethrin and bifenthrin) on egg and nymph densities of Bemisia tabaci biotype B were evaluated at 3, 7 or 14 days after treatment (DAT) of the tomato seedlings with insecticides. Whole plant egg and nymph counts were taken weekly for 3 wk after the introduction of whitefly adults. The study was repeated 3 times. Egg densities tended to be statistically higher at 14 DAT than 3 or 7 DAT in the zeta-cypermethrin/bifenthrin and pymetrozine treatments. The other materials demonstrated greater efficacy than zeta-cypermethrin/bifenthrin and pymetrozine on 14 DAT. Egg densities were very low in all insecticide treatments compared to untreated plants at 3 and 7 DAT. Egg densities on plants treated with cyazypyr, flupyradifurone, pyrifluquinazon, and sulfoxaflor were statistically similar within a given DAT interval for most trials. Treatment effects on nymph densities were similar to treatment effects on egg densities. Cyazypyr, flupyradifurone, pyrifluquinazon, and sulfoxaflor represent distinct modes of action, and should contribute to future integrated pest management and integrated resistance management plans for B. tabaci on tomato.
Effects of scatter on model parameter estimates in 3D PET studies of the human brain

Phantom measurements and simulated data were used to characterize the effects of scatter on 3D PET projection data, reconstructed images and model parameter estimates. Scatter distributions were estimated from studies of the 3D Hoffman brain phantom by the 2D/3D difference method. The total scatter fraction in the projection data was 40%, but reduces to 27% when only those counts within the boundary of the brain are considered. After reconstruction, the whole brain scatter fraction is 20%, averaging 10% in cortical gray matter, 21% in basal ganglia and 40% in white matter. The scatter contribution varies by almost a factor of two from the edge to the center of the brain due to the shape of the scatter distribution and the effects of attenuation correction. The effect or scatter on estimates of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGl) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is evaluated by simulating typical gray matter time activity curves (TAC's) and adding a scatter component based on whole-brain activity. Both CMRGl and CBF change in a linear fashion with scatter fraction. Errors of between 10 and 30% will typically result if 3D studies are not corrected for scatter. We also present results from a simple and fast scatter correction which fits a gaussian function to the scattered events outside the brain. This reduced the scatter fraction to >
Polyethylene and elastomeric polypropylene using alumina‐supported bis(arene) titanium, zirconium, and hafnium catalysts

Obtention de polyethylenes de tres haute masse moleculaire et de polypropenes elastomeres stereosequences constitues de sequences isotactiques stereoirregulieres; etude des proprietes mecaniques des polypropenes et de leur microstructure par RMN C13 et extraction par solvant
Ideology in the language of judges: How judges practice law, politics, and courtroom control

Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and Courtroom Control. Susan U. Philips. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 205 pp.
A Unified Approach for Assessing Agreement for Continuous and Categorical Data

This paper proposes several Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) indices to measure the agreement among k raters, with each rater having multiple (m) readings from each of the n subjects for continuous and categorical data. In addition, for normal data, this paper also proposes the coverage probability (CP) and total deviation index (TDI). Those indices are used to measure intra, inter and total agreement among all raters. Intra-rater indices are used to measure the agreement among the multiple readings from the same rater. Inter-rater indices are used to measure the agreement among different raters based on the average of multiple readings. Total-rater indices are used to measure the agreement among different raters based on individual readings. In addition to the agreement, the paper also assess intra, inter, and total precision and accuracy. Through a two-way mixed model, all CCC, precision and accuracy, TDI, and CP indices are expressed as functions of variance components, and GEE method is used to obtain the estimates and perform inferences for all the functions of variance components. Each of previous proposed approaches for assessing agreement becomes one of the special case of the proposed approach. For continuous data, when m approaches infinity, the proposed estimates reduce to the agreement indices proposed by Barnhart et al. (2005). When m = 1, the proposed estimate reduces to the ICC proposed by Carrasco and Jover (2003). When m = 1, the proposed estimate also reduces to the OCCC proposed by Lin (1989), King and Chinchilli (2001a) and Barnhart et al. (2002). When m = 1 and k = 2, the proposed estimate reduces to the original CCC proposed by Lin (1989). For categorical data, when k = 2 and m = 1, the proposed estimate and its associated inference reduce to the kappa for binary data and weighted kappa with squared weight for ordinal data.
Using the stages of change model to increase the adoption of physical activity among community participants

Abstract Purpose. This study examined the use of the stages of change model to design an exercise intervention for community volunteers. Design. The “Imagine Action” campaign was a community-wide event incorporating the involvement of local worksites and community agencies. Community members registering for the campaign were enrolled in a six-week intervention program designed to encourage participation in physical activity. Subjects. Six hundred and ten adults aged 18 to 82 years old enrolled in the program. Seventy-seven percent of the participants were female and the average age was 41.8 years (SD=13.8). Setting. The campaign was conducted in a city with a population of approximately 72,000 and was promoted throughout community worksites, area schools, organizations, and local media channels. Measures. One question designed to assess current stage of exercise adoption was included on the campaign registration form as were questions about subject name, address, telephone number, birthdate, and gender. I...
Load-sensitive rat gastric vagal afferents encode volume but not gastric nutrients

To assess nutrient sensitivity in a population of gastric load-sensitive vagal afferents, their neurophysiological activity was examined in anesthetized rats with inflated pyloric cuffs after gastric infusion of a range of volumes of nutrient and equiosmotic saline solutions. Responses to physiological saline loads (1, 2, 4, and 8 ml) were compared with responses elicited by the same volume range of carbohydrate (12.5% glucose), protein (12.5% peptone), and equiosmotic hypertonic (750 mosM) saline. The threshold load volume of physiological saline required to increase gastric vagal afferent activity was 1 ml. Thereafter, there was a dose-dependent relationship between increasing gastric volume and firing rate and between gastric volume and pressure. The dose-response relationships elicited by glucose, peptone, and equiosmotic hypertonic saline loads did not differ from those elicited by physiological saline loads. These data identify a population of gastric load-sensitive vagal afferents unresponsive to the chemical composition of gastric contents and are consistent with a role for vagal gastric volume signals but not gastric nutrient content in the negative feedback control of ingestion.
Presenting Clicker Questions with an Open- Versus Closed-Response Format.

Active learning can improve student learning but can be more difficult to use in large classrooms. Course response systems (clickers) can be used to increase active learning and student discussion. In this study, students in a large introductory biology course were given clicker questions in different formats. Students were first presented with an open response question on a PowerPoint slide where no potential answers were visible. After peer discussion, the same question was presented with potential answers in a multiple choice format and students used their clickers to answer. For comparison, the same questions were asked in a different section of the same course but all questions were in the standard multiple choice format. The results show that C students perform better when required to create their own answer for the question. The instructor also noted that student discussions were longer, most likely because students had to discuss the biology rather than just confirming a specific answer choice.
Exploring a Sufi Tradition of Islamic Teaching: Educational and Cultural Values Among the Sy Tijāniyya of Tivaouane (Senegal)

The author examines the philosophy and practice of Muslim education in the tradition of the Sy family of Tivaouane (Senegal). The focus is on formal educational institutions such as the dahira, or Sufi circles of worship, and the daara, Kur’anic school, which play a major role in the system of education pioneered by the Sy branch of the Tijāniyya. He also examines a third institution, khalifa, or spiritual authority, which continues to play a central role in the Muslim brotherhoods as transmitter of the teachings of the Shaykh. The author shows how these three institutions work together and constantly reshape Sy Tijāniyya (Syeen si in Wolof), how changes in Senegalese society influence and transform the branch, and how the continuous development of neo-Sufi organizations increases the importance of Tijāniyya in a globalized world.
BRAFV600E mutant melanoma presenting with cardiac involvement

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with historically limited treatment options. Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor BRAF(V600) mutations. This report describes a 32-year-old man with metastatic BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma who presented with cardiac involvement. Recently developed treatment options for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma include BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib), MEK inhibitors (trametinib), and immune-based therapeutics (interleukin-2 or ipilimumab), but the most effective strategy for first-line therapy is heavily debated. Opinions vary for treatment selection, but the general consensus recommends immune-based therapies initially for asymptomatic patients with low-volume disease, and BRAF inhibitors for those with highly symptomatic or rapidly progressing disease. In this case, melanoma with cardiac involvement, although clinically uncommon, presents challenging management decisions.
Primary care at a crossroads: progress, problems, and future projections.

The tension between generalist and specialist roles in medical education and practice has been marked by recurrent perceived crises for many years in the United States. Primary care was at a crossroads during the 1960s. There was much turmoil within the health care system, and many in the population were unable to gain access to and afford health care. As a result of this turbulence, a major effort was mounted at state and federal levels to increase the proportion and number of primary care physicians. New initiatives included efforts to increase the total number of physicians, passage of Medicare and Medicaid legislation, new emphasis on education programs in primary care, recognition of family practice as a specialty, and emergence of the National Health Service Corps. Today, 25 years later, the health care system as a whole is unraveling and in crisis as a result of soaring costs, the difficulty of providing access to all citizens, and health care outcomes that have fallen short of those achieved in many other industrialized countries. It is ironic how many of the failings of today's health care system mirror those of the 1960s, and how parallel the approaches to address these problems are to those taken a generation ago. Primary care finds itself again at a crossroads as intense pressures mount for fundamental reform of a health care system that has an inadequate primary care base. It is timely to take stock of the progress achieved by the initiatives to expand primary care during the last 25 years. Accordingly, this report addresses the following four objectives: (1) to
Planning and Management of Long-Standing Tracheostomy

Long-term effects of tracheostomy can include structural changes in the anterior tracheal wall and larynx as a result of pressure, friction, and deformation by the relationship between the curved cannula, the trachea, the larynx, and the upper border of the sternum. High-placed stoma, flexed cervical position, and short, obese necks are predisposing anatomic relationships. In some long-standing tracheostomies, progressive erosion of the upper anterior tracheal wall and cricoid arch is observed, often with secondary subglottic stenosis. No discussion of measures to prevent or correct these problems was found in a review of the literature. This article discusses surgical techniques to (1) prevent laryngotracheal erosion and (2) repair and reconstruct an airway that is already damaged. A superiorly based tracheostomy flap and a muscular sling are designed to buttress the tracheostomy. Results and follow-up are also reported.
Timeliness of clinical laboratory tests. A discussion based on five College of American Pathologists Q-Probe studies

Along with accuracy and reliability, timeliness is considered an essential quality for laboratory tests. Only for highly specific instances involving situations in operating theaters has timeliness been shown to affect outcome. Some studies have shown timeliness can shorten length of stay in certain emergency department situations, but rarely for hospital inpatients. Clinicians' expectations for emergency department laboratory test timeliness call for results in less time than the laboratory expects to or does provide. Data from five College of American Pathologists Q-Probes studies on test turnaround time support these observations, but also show central laboratories can provide results in a timely fashion if they optimize the total testing process.
Hook, Line and Canvas: Launching a Professional Development Program to Help Librarians Navigate the Still and Stormy Waters of Online Teaching and Learning

ABSTRACTProfessional development is critically important for librarians trying to establish an embedded presence in online and hybrid courses. The institutional learning management system (LMS) provides a medium for enhanced visibility of both library resources and librarians as instructional collaborators and curriculum designers. This case study showcases one academic library's plan for developing an embedded presence in the LMS and scaffolding training and educational opportunities throughout the process. Important considerations and lessons learned from this initiative are also shared as well as future considerations for maintaining an ongoing and successful professional development program.
The HOPS/Class C Vps Complex Tethers Membranes by Binding to a Rab Gtpase in one Membrane and Directly to a Second Membrane via a Curvature-Sensing Motif

Many Rab GTPase effectors are membrane tethering factors, that is, they physically link two apposed membranes prior to intracellular membrane fusion. Here, we investigate the distinct binding factors needed on apposed membranes for Rab effector-dependent tethering. We show that the homotypic fusion and protein sorting/Class C vacuole protein sorting (HOPS/Class C Vps) complex can tether low-curvature membranes, i.e. liposomes with a diameter of ∼100 nm, only when the yeast vacuolar Rab GTPase Ypt7p is present in both tethered membranes. When HOPS is phosphorylated by the vacuolar casein kinase I, Yck3p, tethering only takes place when GTP-bound Ypt7p is present in both tethered membranes. When HOPS is not phosphorylated, however, its tethering activity shows little specificity for the nucleotide-binding state of Ypt7p. These results suggest a model for HOPS-mediated tethering in which HOPS tethers membranes by binding to Ypt7p in each of the two tethered membranes. Moreover, because vacuole-associated HOPS is presumably phosphorylated by Yck3p, our results suggest that nucleotide exchange of Ypt7p on multivesicular bodies (MVB's)/late endosomes must take place before HOPS can mediate tethering at vacuoles.
Commentary on: A Preliminary Assessment of the Predictability of Fat Grafting to Correct Silicone Breast Implant-Related Complications.

This is another contribution to the rapidly expanding literature and scientific evidence on the subject of autologous fat grafting, in this case looking at subsequent resorption over a year in 26 consecutive patients (50 breasts) who had fat transfer to correct deformities or asymmetries following primary breast augmentation elsewhere.1 Of the 26 patients, 19 were simply volume asymmetries and 9 were characterized as deformities including capsular contracture, double bubble, rippling, and shape. The correction was limited to autologous fat grafting and implant replacement all other surgery was excluded. The fat was harvested from the abdominal area with a 60 cc syringe connected to a 2.4 mm multihole cannula (Sforza Harvester, Tulip Medical Products, San Diego, CA) and processed utilizing the Puregraft system (Puregraft LLC, Solana Beach, CA). The processed fat was injected only subcutaneously with a 0.9 mm cannula (Tulip Injector, Tulip Medical Products) using a 20 mL syringe with the intent of injecting 1 mL per pass. The endpoint of fat grafting was visual correction of the deformity, plus 30% overcorrection which is not specifically or clearly defined. The total volume of fat transferred per procedure ranged from 160 to 360 cc with an average of 280 cc per procedure, with a maximum …
Light-Activated Triazabutadienes for the Modification of a Viral Surface.

Chemical crosslinking is a versatile tool for the examination of biochemical interactions, in particular host-pathogen interactions. We report the critical first step toward the goal of probing these interactions by the synthesis and use of a new heterobifunctional crosslinker containing a triazabutadiene scaffold. The triazabutadiene is stable to protein conjugation and liberates a reactive aryl diazonium species upon irradiation with 350 nm light. We highlight the use of this technology by modifying the surface of several proteins, including the dengue virus envelope protein.
CHAPTER 344 – Signal Transduction via the B-Cell Antigen Receptor: A Crucial Regulator of B-Cell Biology

Publisher Summary This chapter primarily deals with the basic signal transduction pathways that are activated in response to binding of antigen to BCRs expressed on mature, quiescent B cells. The BCR complex is composed of an antigen recognition structure, membrane immunoglobulin (mIg), and an associated signal transducing heterodimer. Membrane Ig consists of two heavy chains and two light chains that are disulfide bonded to one another to form the mature antigen recognition structure. The transmembrane region of mIg heavy chains is thought to assume an α-helical conformation in the membrane in which one face of the α-helix is composed of highly conserved hydrophilic amino acid residues that mediate the interaction with the Igα-/β heterodimer. The other face of the α-helix is specific to each of the mIg isotypes, and contains several hydrophilic amino acid residues with large polar side groups. Binding of antigen to the complex is thought to cause a conformational change in the resting BCR oligomer such that SHP-1 activity is attenuated, possibly by causing the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) to become physically dissociated from the BCR complex. Dissociation of SHP-1 would presumably favor a net increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Igα/β leading to initiation of signal transduction and cellular activation. Binding of antigen causes a rapid translocation of the BCR to glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEM) within the plasma membrane. These microdomains are enriched for Src family protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) including Lyn, and the translocation of the BCR into GEM physically localizes the complex with Src PTKs, thereby promoting tyrosine phosphorylation of Igα/β by Lyn.
Prostate cancer management: Racial disparities in the United States.

e16012 Background: Racial disparities in prostate cancer management have been reported. Black patients with well–differentiated disease were less likely to receive definitive therapy than whites with similar disease according to Underwood et. al., who included 142,340 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) registry (J Urol, Vol. 171, 1504 – 1507, April 2004). Our objective was to identify racial disparities in the management of prostate cancer patients from the National Cancer Database. Methods: Prostate cancer treatment according to race in the USA, obtained from the National Cancer Database, was retrospectively reviewed. 1,497,540 patients with prostate cancer in 1397 US teaching and community hospitals between 2000 and 2010 were included. Chi square and Fisher tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Black patients with stage II disease underwent radical prostatectomy significantly less than white patients (34.3% versus 43%, p<0.05). 10.9% of blacks with stage II d...
Experimentally determined dynamic shears in a sixteen-story model

Summary The paper discusses the dynamic behavior of a 16-story building model representing an idealized office building. The model is subjected to “standardized” types of ground motion, and the dynamic shears between adjacent stories are measured. The rigidity of the first story is varied so that the effect of a “flexible” first story on the dynamic shears is demonstrated. It is concluded that flexibility in the first story decreases the dynamic shears everywhere in the building when the same degree of “tuning in” with the ground-motion frequency is postulated. Moreover, it is concluded that current practice design rules are in fair agreement with the shears that may be expected when the building is vibrating in or near its fundamental mode, but that current practice does not allow for shears due to the higher modes unless a comparatively flexible first story is used.
What They Think About How They Are Evaluated: Perspectives of New York State Physical Educators on Teacher Evaluation Policy

While research on high stakes testing continues to expand, little is known regarding how the use of student test scores to evaluate teachers is affecting physical education (PE).Â A proportionate, stratified random sample of physical educators in New York State was drawn (n=489) to survey them about their district’s practices and their attitudes about the state’s new teacher evaluation policy. Results indicated that 38% of respondents were evaluated in part on the basis of results from written tests of students, while 27% indicated their district used student fitness tests for this purpose. Â Eighteen percent of respondents reported their district used state mandated English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics test scores in calculating physical educator performance ranks. While few reported using performance-based measures, 94% of respondents indicated these as the preferred means of assessment in PE. Eighty-three percent of respondents predicted that the new teacher evaluation system would not improve PE.
Tax Avoidance and Evasion: Cigarette Purchases From Indian Reservations Among US Adult Smokers, 2010-2011:

Excise taxes are the primary public health strategy used to increase the price of cigarettes in the United States. Rather than quitting or reducing consumption of cigarettes, some price-sensitive s...
"Power that Builds others and Power that Breaks: Positional Power, Personal Power, and Humility"

Building on the approach/inhibition theory of power, I examine the roles of positional and personal power on interpersonal helping and harming in workplace dyads. Results from a field study in dayc...
Private Protection and Housing Property Insurers in the United States

Home insurance plays a vital role in the protection of property against various risks, including fires, storms, theft, and vandalism, among others. This article provides an overview of important aspects of homeowners insurance, the markets in which it is purchased, and significant issues involved with its cost and availability. Within the last two decades, the problems associated with catastrophe risk, low-income areas, and mould contamination have generated the greatest concerns.
Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor-A Low b-Grade Tumor's Aggressive Course and Dismal Outcome: A Case Report.

Introduction Incidence of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the colon and rectum is increasing and is now approximately 1 per 100,000 in the US. NETs are either well-differentiated (indolent) or poorly differentiated (aggressive). The majority of these tumors are found incidentally during screening colonoscopies and rarely are associated with symptoms of hormonal syndrome, even during the advanced stage. Metastatic well-differentiated NETs of the colon and rectum are incurable, hard to treat, and associated with a poor prognosis and survival rates similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma survival. Case presentation A 56-year-old man presented to our clinic with right-sided weakness and a 40-pound weight loss during the previous 2 months. A neurologic examination was remarkable for atrophy of the right trapezius muscle and decreased strength in the right upper extremity. Imaging revealed extensive blastic and lytic lesions involving the axial skeleton, a large rectal mass, a large necrotic nodal mass extending from the left iliac region to the level of the left renal veins, and multiple necrotic liver metastasis. Liver lesion fine-needle aspiration findings were consistent with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Discussion This case illustrates how a low-grade tumor can have an aggressive course with poor outcomes. Metastatic well-differentiated NETs of the colon and rectum remain difficult to treat because evidence is scarce. More research is needed on this topic.
Diagonalization of diffusion equations in two and three dimensions

Abstract Multidimensional diffusion is central to radiation belt and ring current dynamics, but obtaining numerical solutions reliably is subject to difficulties related to “cross terms” in the diffusion equation. Eliminating them, by constructing new coordinates which diagonalize the diffusion matrix, has been found to be effective in two dimensions. Here this approach is reformulated to be both clearer and more robust, with analytical expressions replacing numerical solutions of differential equations. An approach to extending the method to three dimensions is presented and discussed.
Modeling Endogenous Coordination Using a Dynamic Language

Dynamic languages are computer languages that allow programs to substantially restructure themselves while they are running. Interest in these kinds of programming languages has dramatically increased in the last few years. This paper builds on previous work by exploring the use of a popular dynamic language, namely Groovy, within the Repast Simphony (Repast S) platform. This language is applied to modeling the endogenous emergence of coordination within a group of social agents. This paper introduces the Endogenous Emergence of Coordination (EndEC) model. It then highlights many of the features in Groovy that were found to be particularly helpful during model implementation. This demonstrates the powerful and flexible capabilities that a dynamic language can bring to the creation of agent-based models. What is particularly exciting is the potential for creating truly dynamic and evolving open-ended simulations, where the simulation ­fundamentally changes as it executes.
Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system after endotoxin administration to normal human volunteers

The objective of this study was to determine the role of the kallikrein- kinin system in healthy humans after intravenous administration of either Escherichia coli endotoxin or saline. We studied a total of 18 healthy nonsmoking volunteers, 23 to 38 years old, in an open-label study at the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) in which some of the patients served as their own controls. After baseline data collection, the subjects received intravenously either E coli endotoxin (n = 15, 4 ng/kg of body weight) or saline (n = 8, controls). Signs, symptoms, systemic blood pressure, factor XII, plasma prekallikrein (PK), factor XI (FXI), antithrombin III (AT-III), high molecular weight kininogen (HK), and alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 24 hours after injection of either saline or endotoxin. After infusion of endotoxin, we found the functional plasma levels of FXI decreased at 2 hours (P < .05) and at 5 hours (P < .05). Functional PK was significantly depressed by 2 hours (P < .05), at 5 hours (P < .05), and at 24 hours (P < .01), whereas the PK antigen was only low at 5 hours (P < .05). These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in circulating alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes at 3 hours (P < .05) and 5 hours (P < .01). No significant changes occurred in the plasma levels of factor XII or HK. We concluded that clinical response to intravenous endotoxin in healthy human volunteers is associated with activation of the kallikrein-kinin systems. Further investigation is needed with specific inhibitors of the kallikrein-kinin system to define its primary or secondary role in the endotoxin-mediated reactions.
Patient-Administered Screening Tool May Improve Detection and Diagnosis of Depression Among Adolescents:

Depression among adolescents is underdiagnosed and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses opportunistic depression screening beginning at age 11, implying that screening should be performed at every visit. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine whether a self-administered depression screen would improve the identification of major depressive disorder among adolescents in a pediatric primary care clinic. Introduction of the Patient Health Questionnaire modified for adolescents into a practice with no formal depression screening protocol in place demonstrated an increase in depression diagnosis. Additionally, adolescents presenting for sick visits were more likely to endorse depressive symptoms than those presenting for well visits. These data suggest that administering a patient-administered depression screening tool to adolescents during both well and sick visits will help improve the identification of depression, potentially leading to early diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Online control adaptation for safe and secure autonomous vehicle operations

Modern cyber-physical systems, like automotive systems and aerial vehicles, are not built with cyber security in mind. Several techniques have been developed recently to overcome cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systems both at the software and the control levels. Adding such cyber security techniques to protect a system against malicious attacks, however, can incur runtime overheads that, in the case of autonomous systems, results in performance degradation and may lead the system into unsafe states. In this paper, we propose a framework for online control performance adaptation for secure and safe navigation of autonomous vehicles. Our approach leverages model predictive control (MPC) and knowledge about the system dynamics and the maximum performance degradation that cyber security techniques can impose at every time step to compute the control input that guarantees a safe operation of the system at all times. We validate the proposed approach both with simulations and experiments for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) motion planning case study in a cluttered environment.
High-fidelity modeling and optimization of conjugate heat transfer in arrays of heated cables

Following the development of modeling of heat transfer in two-phase flows [1], we have developed a new high-fidelity conjugate heat transfer capability that enables the design of effective cooling techniques in multi-solid/multi-fluid systems. We first verified and validated our model with analytical and experimental results. Subsequently, we used the new methodology to study heat transfer around power cables carrying high currents. We first considered an array of cables with staggered arrangement. Our direct numerical simulation (DNS) results demonstrated that the naturally convected flow leads to a strong horizontal traveling wave in between the cable rows. The strength of the traveling wave, however, is strongly non-uniform in different cable rows, resulting in a significant temperature difference of cables at different rows with the temperature of the cable carrying current of I = 1000 Amp above 90°C. We then considered a configuration with many more cables (120) but carrying lower current of I = 80 Amp. Using different cooling conditions around the box of cables, we found that the maximum temperature never exceeds 50°C. These two different configurations provide possible effective solutions for the design and optimization of the thermal cooling of cables in the 95MW All-Electric-Ship.
Designing the first stage of a series connected multistage coaxial magnetic gearbox for a wind turbine demonstrator

The design of the first stage of a 59:1 multistage magnetic gearbox for a wind turbine demonstrator is presented. The multistage magnetic gearbox (MSMG) is composed of a two stage magnetic gearbox (MG). The first stage of the MSMG has a gear ratio of 6.45. A spoke type MG rotor typology is used with a unique segmented fully laminated rotor structure. Axially segmented magnets and a unique set of radial deflection rotor support rings are utilized.
Attachment of Pt nanoparticles to a metal oxide surface using a thiol-carboxyl bifunctional molecule.

Abstract Hypothesis Molecular attachments to platinum have received far less study than binding to gold. Of particular interest is whether the binding of bifunctional molecules, containing both thiol and carboxyl groups, can attach platinum to surfaces such as metal oxides. Experiments Attachment of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) to bulk and nanoparticulate platinum was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Platinum nanoparticles were attached to TiO2 using 4-MBA and probed for Pt loading and electrocatalytic activity. Findings Currents for reduction and oxidation of a standard redox couple on a Pt wire are sharply decreased when the Pt is previously exposed to 4-MBA, indicating bonding. This effect is not observed for benzoic acid. The absence of the S H stretching vibrational mode in Raman spectra of 4-MBA-modified Pt nanoparticles is consistent with sulfur-bonding of the molecules to the nanoparticle surface. High-resolution XPS studies of S and Pt core electrons show the formation of S Pt bonds. Therefore, 4-MBA binds to Pt via the S atom but not via the carboxyl group, enabling Pt attachment to other surfaces such as metal oxides. 4-MBA increased both the amount of Pt bound to a TiO2 surface and the rate of a redox reaction on the surface.
Hospital Readmission among New Dialysis Patients Associated with Young Age and Poor Functional Status.

Background/aims Over one-third of hospital discharges among dialysis patients are followed by 30-day readmission. The first year after dialysis start is a high-risk time frame. We examined the rate, causes, timing, and predictors of 30-day readmissions among adult, incident dialysis patients. Methods Hospital readmissions were assessed from the 91st day to the 15th month after the initiation of dialysis using a Mayo Clinic registry linkage to United States Renal Data System claims during the period January 2001-December 2010. Results Among 1,727 patients with ≥1 hospitalization, 532 (31%) had ≥1, and 261 (15%) had ≥2 readmissions. Readmission rate was 1.1% per person-day post-discharge, and the highest rates (2.5% per person-day) occurred ≤5 days after index admission. The overall cumulative readmission rate was 33.8% at day 30. Common readmission diagnoses included cardiac issues (22%), vascular disorders (19%), and infection (13%). Similar-cause readmissions to index hospitalization were more common during days 0-14 post-discharge than days 15-30 (37.5 vs. 22.9%; p = 0.004). Younger age at dialysis initiation, inability to transfer/ambulate, serum creatinine ≤5.3 mg/dL, higher number of previous hospitalizations, and longer duration on dialysis were associated with higher readmission rates in multivariable analyses. Patients aged 18-39 were few (8.3%) but comprised 17.7% of "high-readmission" users such that a 30-year-old patient had an 87% chance of being readmitted within 30 days of any hospital discharge, whereas an 80-year-old patient had a 25% chance. Conclusions Overall, 30-day readmissions are common within the first year of dialysis start. The first 10-day period after discharge, young patients, and those with poor functional status represent key areas for targeted interventions to reduce readmissions.
Part C Early Intervention dosage and growth in adaptive skills from early childhood through adolescence

Abstract The present study explored the association between the dosage level of Part C Early Intervention (EI) services and growth in adaptive behavior from early childhood through adolescence for children with developmental disabilities. Children who received more hours of service than expected based on their characteristics and those of their family measured at EI intake had greater skills in communication, socialization, and daily living skills when they ended EI services at EI. In addition, children who received more hours of service showed greater improvements in all three domains of adaptive behavior over time. The short- and long-term benefits of higher dosage levels of EI services suggest that Part C EI practices and policies should be geared toward increasing service hours, either by increasing the number of hours of scheduled service or minimizing disruptions to scheduled service.
Drop Impacts on Liquid Layers: Some New Phenomena at the Edges of Parameter Space

Here we report experiments on three separate “drop-impact” phenomena. The first phenomena is entirely driven by surface tension whereas the second evolves in the absence of surface tension at the surface of a granular medium. The former of these is realized when a stationary drop of liquid coalesces with a flat layer of the same liquid. This coalescence is observed to take place in steps generating smaller and smaller drops. The latter phenomena occurs when a solid sphere is impacted onto a deep layer of granular medium. The resulting transient crater collapses radially driving up a thin vertical jet of material along the axis of symmetry. This jet is reminescent of Worthington jets which are observed in analogous liquid experiments. The third experiment looks at some intriguing shapes of newly discovered ejecta sheets.
Experiments on using Yahoo! categories to describe documents

We suggest that one (or a collection) of names of Yahoo! (or any other WWW indexer's) categories can be used to describe the content of a document. Such categories offer a standardized and universal way for referring to or describing the nature of real world objects, activities, documents and so on, and may be used (we suggest) to semantically characterize the content of documents. WWW indices, like Yahoo! provide a huge hierarchy of categories (topics) that touch every aspect of human endeavors. Such topics can be used as descriptors the way librarians use for example, the Library of Congress cataloging system to annotate and categorize books. In the course of investigating this idea, we address the problem of automatic categorization of webpages in the Yahoo! directory. We use Telltale as our classifier; Telltale uses n-grams to compute the similarity between documents. We experiment with various types of descriptions for the Yahoo! categories and the webpages to be categorized. Our findings suggest that the best results occur when using the very brief descriptions of the Yahoo! categorized entries; these brief descriptions, which are part of the Yahoo! index itself accompany most entries. We discuss further research and ways to improve on the performance of our method.
Assessment of dynamic behavior and seismic performance of a high-rise rc coupled wall building

Abstract This study evaluates the seismic behavior and performance of a code-based high-rise RC coupled wall building located at the site with high seismicity representative of the West cost of the United States. Modeling approach for dynamic analysis of a coupled wall system is developed based on novel model for RC walls that captures nonlinear axial-flexure-shear (P-M-V) interaction and is validated using detailed experimental data available in the literature, providing the opportunity to analyze the behavior of this system from the new perspective. Seismic performance assessment is conducted considering structural and nonstructural building components based on two performance metrics: repair cost and repair time. The loss metrics are evaluated using FEMA P-58 methodology in conjunction with a realistic repair time model considering frequent (50% in 50 years), rare (10% in 50 years), and very rare (2% in 50 years) earthquake events. Analysis results reveal that strong ground shaking causes significant variation of axial forces in piers of the coupled wall system resulting in P-M-V interaction and considerable shear-related damage (cracking) over most of the wall height, while coupling beam rotations and corresponding damage are relatively small due to their excessive capacity obtained from the code-based design. Although median repair cost is relatively low, less than 6% of construction cost for frequent and rare earthquakes and about 24% for very rare earthquakes, building functionality is impaired at all hazard levels ranging from few weeks for frequent earthquakes to several months for very rare earthquakes, predominantly driven by damage to wall piers and slab-column connections.
The relationship amongst ethical position, religiosity and self-identified culture in student nurses.

Background/purpose:Research from other disciplines demonstrates that ethical position, idealism, or relativism predicts ethical decision-making. Individuals from diverse cultures ascribe to various...
A Plea for Immodesty: Alethic Pluralism, Logical Pluralism, and Mixed Inferences

The problem of mixed inferences is a bugbear for alethic pluralism and logical pluralism alike. Michael Lynch’s alethic functionalism is meant to solve the problem for alethic pluralists. But, as Lynch observes, it is tempting to combine alethic and logical pluralism, and doing so threatens to reintroduce the problem. Lynch proposes a way out of the problem for alethic cum logical pluralists. I argue that Lynch’s way out is a dead end, and the combination of logical and alethic pluralism is unattractive.
Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET in the Evaluation of Intracranial Meningiomas.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, typically treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation in cases of subtotal resection and/or higher histopathologic grade. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for postoperative assessment and adjuvant treatment planning. However, MRI can have limited accuracy particularly in the presence of posttreatment change. [68Ga]-DOTATATE is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracer targeting somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A). SSTR2A is a reliable biomarker of meningiomas. We report a consecutive case series of 20 patients evaluated with [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI, propose a novel approach to quantitative analysis, and discuss clinical implications. METHODS We present a consecutive case series of 20 patients with clinically suspected or pathology-proven meningioma evaluated between July 2018 and February 2019. [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI was obtained in order to confirm the diagnosis or determine tumor recurrence/progression to help guide surgical and/or radiation therapy management in cases in which MRI findings were indeterminate or equivocal. RESULTS Seventeen (85%) patients had undergone prior surgery and 11 (55%) underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. In 17 patients [68Ga]-DOTATATE confirmed the presence of recurrent meningioma. A total of 49 meningiomas were identified (median: 2 meningiomas/patient, range 0-14). There was excellent differentiation between meningioma and posttreatment change based on our approach of target lesion/superior sagittal sinus maximum standardized uptake values ratio (16.6 vs. 1.6, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI is a promising tool in the assessment of both treatment naive and resected/irradiated meningiomas, allowing improved diagnosis and extent of disease evaluation. Future prospective studies are needed to determine utility of [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI in treatment response assessment.
The Role of Parents’ Relationship Quality in Children’s Behavior Problems

Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (N = 507), we considered the role of parents’ earlier (child age 5) relationship quality, co-parenting quality, and father involvement in children’s later (age 9) internalizing and externalizing behaviors, with a specific focus on mediational links. We also explored the possibility of different patterns of associations based on child gender. A demographically diverse sample of women who were in stable relationships (married or cohabiting) with the focal child’s biological father completed questionnaires assessing the primary study variables at child ages 5 and 9 years. Correlational analyses supported many of the hypothesized links between relationship quality, co-parenting quality, father involvement, and children’s behaviors problems, although more so for boys. Regression analyses further illuminated the associations among the study variables. Importantly, co-parenting quality served as a mediator in the link between relationship quality and boys’ age 9 internalizing and externalizing behaviors. This study identified different patterns for boys and girls, with relationship quality, co-parenting quality, and father involvement being important for boys but only co-parenting quality being important for girls. Further, findings suggest that for boys, the quality of the mother’s romantic relationship has a bearing on the quality of her co-parenting with the father, which in turn impacts the son’s behavioral adjustment. Future studies are needed to understand the nature of the longitudinal associations among the study variables more fully.
Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play a requisite role in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis and prevention of peripheral self-tolerance breakdown. Although Foxp3 by itself is neither necessary nor sufficient to specify many aspects of the Treg cell phenotype, its sustained expression in Treg cells is indispensable for their phenotypic stability, metabolic fitness, and regulatory function. In this review, we summarize recent advances in Treg cell biology, with a particular emphasis on the role of Foxp3 as a transcriptional modulator and metabolic gatekeeper essential to an effective immune regulatory response. We discuss these findings in the context of human inborn errors of immune dysregulation, with a focus on FOXP3 mutations, leading to Treg cell deficiency. We also highlight emerging concepts of therapeutic Treg cell reprogramming to restore tolerance in the settings of immune dysregulatory disorders.