cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene array profiling of large hypothalamic CNS regions in lactating and randomly cycling virgin mice

A dramatic example of neuronal and physiological plasticity in adult mammals occurs during the transition from a non-maternal to a maternal, lactating state. In this study, we compared gene expression within a large continuous region of the CNS involved in maternal behaviors (hypothalamus, preoptic regions, and nucleus accumbens) between lactating (L) (postpartum Day 7) and randomly cycling virgin (V) outbred mice. Using high-density oligonucleotide arrays representing 11,904 genes, two statistical algorithms were used to identify significant differences in gene expression: robust multiarray (P < 0.001) (n = 92 genes) and significance analysis of microarrays using a 10% false discover rate (n = 114 genes). 27 common genes were identified as significant using both techniques. A subset of genes (n = 5) were selected and examined by real-time PCR. Our findings were consistent with previous published work. For example, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proenkephalin were elevated in L mice, whereas POMC was decreased. Increased levels of NPY Y2 receptor and polo-like kinase and decreased levels of endothelin receptor type b in L mice are examples of novel gene expression changes not previously identified. Expression differences occurred in broad classes. Together, our findings provide possible new material on gene expression changes that may support maternal behaviors. The advantages and drawbacks of sampling large CNS regions using arrays are discussed.
Potassium deficiency as cause of the so-called rheumatic heart lesions of the adaptation syndrome.

IN THE course of experiments designed to study the relationship of diet and hypertension, various techniques of inducing hypertension in rats were used including Selye’s method which he describes in his communication on pathogenetical correlations between periarteritis nodosa, renal hypertension and rheumatic lesions (Selye and Pentz, 1943). This method consists of overdosage with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) with or without high sodium chloride intake in unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Selye found that severe overdosage with DCA reproduces in the rat morphological lesions similar to those seen in periarteritis nodosa, malignant hypertension and rheumatic fever. He concludes that these diseases are, at least partly caused by an abnormal adaptive response of the adrenal cortex and represent diseases of adaptation. In the first series of our experiments when rats with an average weight of 168 grams were treated with DCA overdosage following unilateral nephrectomy, hypertension was only rarely produc...
Steady state grain size and thermal stability of nanophase Ni3Fe and Fe3X (X = Si, Zn, Sn) synthesized by ball milling at elevated temperatures

Abstract Ball milling of Ni 3 Fe and Fe 3 X (X = Si, Zn, Sn) was performed at temperatures from 23°C to 300°C. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to measure the average grain size, internal strain distribution, and thermal stability of the as-milled samples. It was found that the average grain grain size was larger at higher milling temperatures, and the strain distribution was smaller. The alloys of Fe 3 Sn and Fe 3 Zn were single-phase after milling, showing that the milling process suppressed the formation of the equilibrium phases that would otherwise have formed at 300°C. Upon annealing the asmilled materials, grain growth and equilibrium phase formation occurred nearly simultaneously, probably because both are controlled by atomic diffusivity. The thermal stability against grain growth and equilibrium phase formation was not affected by milling temperature. There were, however, significant differences in the stabilities of the different alloys against grain growth and phase separation, and some controlling parameters are suggested.
Inferences on correlation coefficients : One-sample, independent and correlated cases

This article concerns inference on the correlation coefficients of a multivariate normal distribution. Inferential procedures based on the concepts of generalized variables (GVs) and generalized p-values are proposed for elements of a correlation matrix. For the simple correlation coefficient, the merits of the generalized confidence limits and other approximate methods are evaluated using a numerical study. The study indicates that the proposed generalized confidence limits are uniformly most accurate even for samples as small as three. The results are extended for comparing two independent correlations, overlapping and non-overlapping dependent correlations. For each problem, the properties of the GV approach and other asymptotic methods are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The GV approach produces satisfactory results for all the problems considered. The methods are illustrated using a few practical examples.
Phase-locked moiré fringe analysis for automated contouring of diffuse surfaces

Phase-locked moire systems have the advantage of rapid data acquisition and accuracy of better than one twentieth of the fringe spacing. In conventional moire systems data acquisition is performed by making a photographic plate and taking measurements from the plate either visually or with a microdensitometer. This is slow, and the accuracy is about one-quarter of the fringe spacing. The phase-locked system is more accurate and permits a more favorable trade-off between accuracy and working depth. The equations governing moire contouring are examined, and the theory of phase-locked moire fringe analysis is presented. The design and operation of the phase-locked moire contouring system are described, and the results of measurements made with the instrument are presented.
Size Selective Predation by the Asteroid Pisaster ochraceus on the Bivalve Mytilus calif ornianus: A Cost‐Benefit Analysis

. When simultaneously presented with equal numbers of four sizes of clumped Mytilus californianus (20, 35, 55 and 85 mm shell length), Pisaster ochraceus (arm length of 70-110mm R) showed a preference for the medium sizes (35 and 55mm length). Prey-size preference was positively correlated with predator size. Mean prey-digestion times (insertion of the stomach, opening of the valves and digestive period) decreased significantly following fiiing of an artificial gape between the valves of mussels. When presented with different sizes of clumped filed mussels, starfish still chose medium mussels, indicating that stomach insertion, valve opening, and digestion rate may not be important constraints determining size selective predation. Measurements of the force required to dislodge mussels from the substratum and conspecifics showed an increasing exponential relationship with mussel size. Size selective feeding may be an energy maximizing and time minimizing strategy, where energy gained from choosing larger mussels is balanced against disproportionately increased costs in energy and time of removing large mussels from the substratum.
Encouraging the Use of Visualization Technology

Associate Editor in Chief Miguel Encarnacao discusses the state of visualization in academia and industry. Also, he thanks former editor in chief and long-time editorial board member Maureen Stone, as she retires from the editorial board.
Good Partners are Hard to Find: The Search for and Selection of Collaborators in the Health Sciences

Choosing the most appropriate collaborators is becoming increasingly crucial to biomedical research as many research questions evolve into complex and multidisciplinary projects. Despite a growing emphasis on translational and interdisciplinary research, little is known about how biomedical researchers form collaborations. We conducted 27 semistructured interviews with scientists from the University of Pittsburgh, used grounded theory methodology to identify major themes, and compared these themes to the literature in order to develop a model of how biomedical researchers establish collaborations. We identify and discuss four major aspects of collaboration: motivation for collaboration, evaluation of prospective collaboration partners, search and selection, and barriers to collaboration formation.
Language advisers and their role in self-access centres

The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the research in a field which to date has not received the attention it deserves: the figure of language advisers and the role they play as facilitators of learning in the context of a selfaccess centre. In spite of not being abundant, the literature on the topic offers some information as to the characteristics of good language advisers including features related to the academic and professional requirements as well as to personal traits. Based on this data a questionnaire was designed with the aim of gaining insight into how advisers themselves perceive the roles they play as well as detecting the strengths and weaknesses of the work they carry out in self-access centres. The results that may be obtained from the application of this questionnaires can prove an extremely valuable feedback for institutions and people in charge of these centres in order to establish whether there is a need for comprehensive training so as to create a centre made up of fully qualified professionals.
Incorporation of a frequency-dependent dielectric response for the barrier material in the Josephson junction circuit model

We extend the resistively shunted Josephson (RSJ) junction circuit model originally proposed by Stewart and McCumber to incorporate a frequency-dependent dielectric response so that the influence of free carriers in the barriers can be taken into account. The methodology that we have developed uses an iterative numerical technique to calculate the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a Josephson junction with a barrier exhibiting both dissipation and dispersion. We give detailed results for two barrier materials with conductivities near the metal-insulator transition: a conventional semiconductor with a relatively high mobility and a strongly scattered defect solid. We show that the incorporation of the dynamic response of free carriers in the barriers of superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) junctions significantly influences the dc I-V characteristics for the case of material near the metal-insulator transition with high mobility. Hysteretic anomalies occur at nonzero voltages in the I-V characteristics associated with the barrier layer's plasma frequency. The resulting features, which we call critical regions, occur when the dc junction voltage is equal to /spl planck/ / 2en/spl radic//spl omega/~/sub p//sup -2/-/spl Gamma//sup 2/, where /spl omega/~/sub p/ is the barrier's plasma frequency, /spl Gamma/ is the quasi-particle scattering rate, n is an integer, and /spl planck/ is the reduced Planck's constant. We also show that our results for SNS junctions with a low-mobility barrier material are essentially identical to the predictions of the simpler RSJ model. Since the method we develope can solve the nonlinear junction equations for a barrier with an arbitrary complex conductivity, it is also capable of including other relevant processes within the barrier, including the influence of excitation from shallow defects or very soft phonon modes, as well as boundary resistances.
Organizing Continuing Professional Education: A Comparative Case Analysis

A conceptual basis for understanding the organization of continuing professional education across profession and type of parent institution is portrayed via three case studies of continuing professional education centers. The case studies reflect three orientations for organizing continuing professional education: a service orientation, an education orientation, and a hybrid orientation. In each case the organizing pattern was viewed in terms of the center's interaction with a complex environment. Several sectors of the environment were viewed as influential to the organizing patterns: the parent institution, the nature of any external funding, the practitioners served, the professionalization status of the group served, changing knowledge relevant to professionals' practice, the primary geographic region, and competition from other providers. The organizing of continuing professional education is discussed in light of selected literature.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum-Terminated “Onion-structured” Alloy Catalysts

Using periodic, self-consistent density functional theory (GGA-PW91) calculations, a series of onion-structured metal alloys have been investigated for their catalytic performance towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The onion-structures consist of a varying number of atomic layers of one or two metals each, pseudomorphically deposited on top of one another to form the overall structure. All catalysts studied feature a Pt overlayer, and often consist of at least one Pd layer below the surface. Three distinct ORR mechanisms were analyzed on the close-packed facets of all the structures considered. These mechanisms include a direct route of O2 dissociation and two hydrogen-assisted routes of O–O bond-breaking in peroxyl (OOH) and in hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) intermediates. A thermochemical analysis of the elementary steps provides information on the operating potential, and thereby energy efficiency of each electrocatalyst. A Sabatier analysis of catalytic activity based on thermochemistry of proton/electron transfer steps and activation energy barrier for O–O bond-breaking steps leads to a “volcano” relation between the surfaces’ activity and the binding energy of O. Several of the onion-structured alloys studied here show promise for achieving energy efficiency higher than that of Pt, by being active at potentials higher than the operating potential of Pt. Furthermore, some have at least as good activity as pure Pt at that operating potential. Thus, a number of the onion-structured alloys studied here are promising as cathode electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
GAS TRANSFER THROUGH HUMAN SKIN

The speed and mechanism by which substances penetrate human skin is becoming increasingly important. Arterial blood gases are now measured transcutaneously, novel skin patches for drug delivery are being offered by various pharmaceutical firms, and inadvertent absorption of toxic substances by this route is a growing concern of many groups. Two models which help in understanding the complex physiology of this process are presented and used to explain several experimental observations.
Fiscal Policy with Multiple Policymakers: Veto Actors and Deadlock; Collective Action and Common Pools; Bargaining and Compromise

When considering the implications for fiscal-policy outcomes (especially deficits and debts) of the dispersion of policymaking authority across multiple actors, recent scholarship has emphasized its potential to privilege the status quo and thus retard policy-adjustment rates. In similar contexts, however, others have stressed collective-action and common-pool issues that arise when multiple policymakers share authority over policies. Still others have highlighted the bargaining and compromise aspects of policymaking with multiple actors. This paper offers a synthetic discussion of these multifarious effects of the number and diversity of policymaking actors, thereby placing veto-actor considerations in broader theoretical context, and it offers an empirical approach to modeling these manifold effects distinctly and effectively. It then considers an initial exploration of this synthetic-theoretical and structured-empirical approach in a substantively important policy context: the evolution of fiscal policy in developed democracies from the 1950s through the 1990s.
Distinct LIN-10 Domains Are Required for Its Neuronal Function, Its Epithelial Function, and Its Synaptic Localization

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission at neuronal synapses, and their regulated localization plays a role in synaptic plasticity. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the PDZ and PTB domain-containing protein LIN-10 is required both for the synaptic localization of the AMPAR subunit GLR-1 and for vulval fate induction in epithelia. Here, we examine the role that different LIN-10 domains play in GLR-1 localization. We find that an amino-terminal region of LIN-10 directs LIN-10 protein localization to the Golgi and to synaptic clusters. In addition, mutations in the carboxyl-terminal PDZ domains prevent LIN-10 from regulating GLR-1 localization in neurons but do not prevent LIN-10 from functioning in the vulval epithelia. A mutation in the amino terminus prevents the protein from functioning in the vulval epithelia but does not prevent it from functioning to regulate GLR-1 localization in neurons. Finally, we show that human Mint2 can substitute for LIN-10 to facilitate GLR-1 localization in neurons and that the Mint2 amino terminus is critical for this function. Together, our data suggest that LIN-10 uses distinct modular domains for its functions in neurons and epithelial cells and that during evolution its vertebrate ortholog Mint2 has retained the ability to direct AMPAR localization in neurons.
Integration of Monte Carlo Simulation and Genetic Algorithms for Sustainable Designs Analysis

In pursuit of sustainable buildings, construction professionals must overcome the challenge of selecting a combination of building assemblies and materials that satisfy all project objectives including sustainability. Optimization techniques have been used in the selection process of optimal or near optimal solutions based on multiple building objectives such as project cost, duration and environmental impacts. SimulEICon is a tool that can aid researchers in understanding relationships among multiple project objectives. In addition, the tool can also help design and construction professionals properly select building materials and components. SimulEICon is applied to a case study that includes the construction of building envelope. The results show that at least in theory there does not exist a design solution that is clearly dominating and always chosen in different scenarios simulated using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, trade-off relationships are mostly observed between time and cost, as well as time and CO2 emissions. It is interesting to observe that the case study shows a non-trade-off behavior between cost and CO2 emissions in many cases. Certainly, future studies are needed to further verify these observations.
IMPACT OF THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM ON LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL FLORIDA

provide nutritionally adequate diets. A household ai. * ^~~~~~~ , ^ (10), have made important contributions to utility may consist of any person, or group of persons, who . -theory in the area of separability of utility function. purchase, store and prepare food. Program eligibility is* o nt houso in e tl a s ad More recently, the work of Becker (1) and Lancaster is based on net household income, total assets and houbsehd size.E l household s i m , pc aset cuns (12) have provided further insights into specification household size. Eligible households purchase coupons *,,~~~~~~~ ^. ^-i ^J ^ .1of utility function in terms of household production which are used in retail food outlets. Households of *,. . n ^ ^ ^ i ~~function and goods characteristic space. equal size receive coupon allotments of equal pur- *,~~~ . ^Despite contributions of economists such as erally accepted system exists for assessing changes in household food expenditures and distributional ystem. ~~~~~~effe ~c ~ts.
Tradeoffs in the design of a spaceborne scanning pencil beam scatterometer: application to SeaWinds

SeaWinds is a spaceborne wind scatterometer to be flown on the second Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS-II) in 1999. An important international element of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), SeaWinds is an advanced follow-on to the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) on the first ADEOS platform. Unlike previous operational spaceborne scatterometer systems. SeaWinds employs a scanning "pencil-beam" antenna rather than a "fan-beam" antenna, making the instrument more compact and yielding greater ocean coverage. The goals of this paper are twofold. First, the overall SeaWinds functional design and backscatter measurement approach are described, and the relative advantages of the pencil-beam technique are outlined. Second, the unique aspects of measurement accuracy optimization and signal processing for the SeaWinds instrument are discussed. Applying the results of a separate companion paper, ibid., 1997, a technique to significantly improve measurement accuracy by modulating the transmit pulse is described. Trade-offs to optimize the transmit modulation bandwidth are presented.
Metal-mediated modulation of streptococcal cysteine protease activity and its biological implications.

ABSTRACT Streptococcal cysteine protease (SpeB), the major secreted protease produced by group A streptococcus (GAS), cleaves both host and bacterial proteins and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of invasive GAS infections. Modulation of SpeB expression and/or its activity during invasive GAS infections has been shown to affect bacterial virulence and infection severity. Expression of SpeB is regulated by the GAS CovR-CovS two-component regulatory system, and we demonstrated that bacteria with mutations in the CovR-CovS two-component regulatory system are selected for during localized GAS infections and that these bacteria lack SpeB expression and exhibit a hypervirulent phenotype. Additionally, in a separate study, we showed that expression of SpeB can also be modulated by human transferrin- and/or lactoferrin-mediated iron chelation. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the possible roles of iron and other metals in modulating SpeB expression and/or activity in a manner that would potentiate bacterial virulence. Here, we report that the divalent metals zinc and copper inhibit SpeB activity at the posttranslational level. Utilizing online metal-binding site prediction servers, we identified two putative metal-binding sites in SpeB, one of which involves the catalytic-dyad residues 47 Cys and 195 His. Based on our findings, we propose that zinc and/or copper availability in the bacterial microenvironment can modulate the proteolytic activity of SpeB in a manner that preserves the integrity of several other virulence factors essential for bacterial survival and dissemination within the host and thereby may exacerbate the severity of invasive GAS infections.
Elimination of output voltage quantization in the vortex flow transistor

The authors discuss, in theory, the problems associated with quantization in the output voltage of the vortex-flow transistor (VFT) and investigate practical solutions. Removing the quantization from the junction flux flow steps is shown to be a nontrivial problem. Termination of one boundary of the junction seems to be the most elegant solution. Numerical solutions to the sine-Gordon equation show that a linear RC termination can remove the staircase structure from a junction's flux flow branch by eliminating boundary reflections of fluxon energy. This simple solution is hard to effect because thin-film components of the proper dimensions and values are difficult to realize in the laboratory. The addition of shunting loss to the junction is an alternate solution. It involves adding a distributed loss across the length of the junction to reduce the Q of the cavity resonator produced by the junction electrodes. A decrease in Q increases the voltage width of the individual resonances which make up the flux flow branch at low voltages. If the voltage width of each resonant mode is as large as the voltage separation of each mode, the quantization is removed. >
Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Toxicity of Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Depend on Their Surface Modification

Nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have been applied to molecular biology because of their greater and longer fluorescence. Here we report the potential cytotoxicity of our characterized QDs modified with various molecules. Surface modification of QDs changed their physicochemical properties. In addition, the cytotoxicity of QDs was dependent on their surface molecules. These results suggested that the properties of QDs are not related to those of QD-core materials but to molecules covering the surface of QDs.
A fast algorithm for the Fourier transform over finite fields and its VLSI implementation

The Fourier transform over finite fields is mainly required in the encoding and decoding of Reed-Solomon and BCH codes. An algorithm for computing the Fourier transform over any finite field GF(p/sup m/) is introduced. It requires only O(n(log n)/sup 2//4) additions and the same number of multiplications for an n-point transform and allows in some fields a further reduction of the number of multiplications to O(n log n). Because of its highly regular structure, this algorithm can be easily implementation by VLSI technology. >
EGFR blockade enriches for lung cancer stem-like cells through Notch3-dependent signaling

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the most common actionable genetic abnormalities yet discovered in lung cancer. However, targeting these mutations with kinase inhibitors is not curative in advanced disease and has yet to demonstrate an impact on potentially curable, early-stage disease, with some data suggesting adverse outcomes. Here, we report that treatment of EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell lines with erlotinib, while showing robust cell death, enriches the ALDH+ stem-like cells through EGFR-dependent activation of Notch3. Additionally, we demonstrate that erlotinib treatment increases the clonogenicity of lung cancer cells in a sphere-forming assay, suggesting increased stem-like cell potential. We demonstrate that inhibition of EGFR kinase activity leads to activation of Notch transcriptional targets in a gamma secretase inhibitor sensitive manner and causes Notch activation. leading to an increase in ALDH high+ cells. We also find a kinase-dependent physical association between the Notch3 and EGFR receptors and tyrosine phosphorylation of Notch3. This could explain the worsened survival observed in some studies of erlotinib treatment at early-stage disease, and suggests that specific dual targeting might overcome this adverse effect.
Cross-Frontal Exchange in the Middle Atlantic Bight as Evidenced by Surface Drifters

Abstract Surface drifters at 10 and 40 m are analyzed to assess cross-frontal exchange characteristics within the Middle Atlantic Bight. This Lagrangian analysis shows a shelfbreak jet characterized by strong and ubiquitous meandering. The drifters collectively demonstrate the continuity of the shelfbreak frontal jet from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. Along the length of the shelf break the drifters are detrained both onshore and offshore, yet offshore detrainment is predominant. The sites for offshore detrainment are distributed along the Bight, precluding the possibility that localized bathymetric features are the primary conduits for near-surface to mid-depth cross-frontal exchange. Finally, a strong seasonal asymmetry is noted in the drifter exchange pattern, with more offshore exchange in the winter than in the summer. However, the available data limits our interpretation of this feature.
Education for practice with minorities

John B. Turner, DSW, is Dean and Professor of Social Work, School of Applied Social Sci ences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleve land, Ohio. During the past few years social welfare and social work have been increasingly faced with overt expressions of the racial and ethnic consciousness that presently grips America.1 Therefore, two issues con front social work education: (1) how to equip social workers with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable them to improve the status of minorities and (2) how to attract more minority-group students into social work education. Schools of social
Complete Durable Response From Carboplatin and Olaparib in a Heavily Pretreated Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer With Germline BRCA2 and “BRCAness” Mutations

Case Presentation, Management, and Outcome The patient is a 62-year-old female with stage IV triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomaof the left breast, cT3N1M1, nuclear grade3,diagnosed in July2013(Fig 1A). She was treated with dose-dense doxorubicin 60 mg/mandcyclophosphamide600mg/m for four cycles followed by paclitaxel once per week starting in November 2013. She had a good response in the left breast and pulmonary nodules per scans. After discussion, she had a simple mastectomy in January 2014. Pathology revealed two foci of residual invasive ductal carcinomawith treatment effect (0.11 cm and 0.1 cm) and ductal carcinoma in situ with comedo necrosis. Three sentinel lymph nodes were negative. In July 2014, progression was found in the lung, and the largest pulmonary nodule was 6.4 mm. While undergoing restaging work-up in August, magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain showed a 3-cm mass in the left frontal lobe. The resected lesion showed metastatic adenocarcinoma positive for PTEN loss, BRCA2 9435_9436delGT,MYC amplification, TP53 R196*, FAS loss, and RB1 loss according to a next-generation sequencing-based assay from FoundationOne. The left frontal area was treated with Gamma Knife surgery in September. Gemcitabine 800 mg/m on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks was started in October. Because of progression in January 2015, the patient was considered for the Study of Glembatumumab Vedotin (CDX-011) in Patients With Metastatic, gpNMB Over-Expressing, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (METRIC) trial. She was tested for BRCA at the same time, and Integrated BRCAnalysis confirmed germline BRCA2 mutation of 9663delGT. Her breast tumor had glycoprotein NMB overexpression, but she was randomly assigned to the control arm with capecitabine 1,250 mg/m. On the basis of scans, she had stable disease by mid-March. In May, capecitabine was stopped because of progression (Fig 1B). With rapid
Alpha-particle emission from the fusion of /sup 32/S with /sup 27/Al

Alpha particles produced in the fusion of /sup 32/S with /sup 27/Al at E/sub lab/ = 160 MeV were observed at theta/sub lab/ = 15/sup 0/, 40/sup 0/, 45/sup 0/, 75/sup 0/, 130/sup 0/, and 160/sup 0/ in coincidence with evaporation residues detected at theta/sub lab/ = -5.8/sup 0/ using a time-of-flight spectrometer. The data were compared to a simple Monte Carlo calculation based on the statistical evaporation of light particles from an equilibrated compound nucleus. The total coincidence energy spectra show no evidence of preequilibrium emission of alpha particles.
Responses to drug therapy in ulcerative colitis. Evaluation by rectal biopsy and mucosal cell counts.

Rectal biopsies of active untreated ulcerative colitis and treated cases with positive or negative sigmoidoscopic findings were analyzed to evaluate responses to medical therapy. Effects of the administration of salicylazosulfapyridine, prednisone, and 6-mercaptopurine, singly and in combinations, were investigated by mucosal cell counts, comparing ulcerative colitis and noncolitis control groups statistically. Active disease was associated with decreased epithelial goblet cells and increased fragmented nuclei. Lamina propria eosinophils decreased with successful responses to therapy. Prednisone was associated with significantly diminished acute inflammation as reflected by decreased neutrophils; salicylazosulfapyridine was correlated with reduced chronic inflammation as indicated by fewer plasma cells; and 6-mercaptopurine therapy was followed by a reduction in both acute and chronic inflammation and an increase in mast cells. Macrophages, indicators of resolving inflammation, were most significantly increased after drug combinations that included 6-mercaptopurine.
One-Step Salvage of Infected Prosthetic Breast Reconstructions Using Antibiotic-Impregnated Polymethylmethacrylate Plates and Concurrent Tissue Expander Exchange.

Purpose Periprosthetic infection represents a major complication in breast reconstruction, frequently leading to expander-implant loss. Recent studies report variable success in the salvage of infected breast prostheses through systemic antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention. There is currently no consensus regarding a management algorithm for attempted salvage. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the early outcomes of a protocol using antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant placement with expander device exchange. Methods A retrospective database was queried to identify all patients with infected implant-based breast reconstruction who were treated by the study authors and who underwent attempted salvage under the study protocol. All patients received intravenous antibiotics followed by surgical debridement of the infected pocket, insertion of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA plates and/or beads, device exchange, and postoperative antibiotics. After clinical resolution of infection, tissue expansion was performed with the PMMA implants remaining in situ until exchanged to permanent implants. Results All patients with infected prosthetic breast reconstructions achieved implant pocket sterilization using this method. At a mean follow-up of 8.2 months (range, 1-19 months), none of these patients have required reoperation for capsular contracture. One patient, while under treatment with prednisone for a rash, developed recurrent infection, which led to explantation of her implant. Two patients underwent radiation therapy while an antibiotic plate and tissue expander were in place, with no observed exposure or infection recurrence. Conclusions Sustained local antibiotic delivery using PMMA implants and expander device exchange can successfully salvage an infected breast implant. Perceived benefits include shorter time to completed reconstruction, preserved skin envelope integrity, and possibly improved long-term aesthetic outcomes.
THE ECCRINE SWEAT GLAND.

The clinical value of sweat electrolyte determinations is limited at present to the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in children, but the function of the eccrine sweat gland in various systemic diseases has aroused considerable interest in recent years. Abnormalities of sweat electrolytes have been found in a number of systemic diseases. In some the alterations are explicable on the basis of adrenal dysfunction. Attempts have been made to discover an adult form of cystic fibrosis, but findings are inconclusive.
Dynamic analysis for the nozzle with extendible exit cone(NEEC) in expanding and withstanding collision

The nonlinear dynamic analysis for the nozzle with extendible exit cone (NEEC) is described by using MARC software.The stress and strain of the exit cone(EC) and the extendible exit cone (EEC) along with time under the collision load during NEEC extending are successfully obtained. The seal deformation belongs to the large strain question and automatic remeshing is used in the dynamic analysis. According to the computed result ,the structure of NEEC is safe ,but its safety margin is small, so the safety of the product should also be ensured through the design.This paper is available for guidance to the design of NEEC.
Application Progress of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Methods

[Objectives]People are attaching more and more importance to the hospital wastewater treatments,the hospital wastewater treatment methods mainly are biological methods,physical methods and chemical methods.Biological methods are the specific application of environmental microbial technology in the processing of hospital wastewater,which include simple biological treatment,activated sludge method,biological contact oxidation method,membrane bioreactor and biological aerated filter.Chemical methods,take ultraviolet disinfection for example,are mainly used for pre-treatment and disinfection of wastewater.Chemical methods are mainly applied to disinfection,including chlorine disinfection,ozone disinfection electrochemical method and the photocatalyst technology.According to the type and size of hospital,total amount and character of wastewater,we should clarify the source of wastewater and choose rational and effective treatment process,so as to ensure effective treatment for hospital wastewater,and guarantee effluent water quality in accordance with national emission standards.
Note on predictions for cs¯ quarkonia using a three-loop static potential

Abstract We extend our treatment of the spectroscopy and decays of the charm-strange quarkonium system to include the effect of using the full three-loop QCD correction to the static short distance potential. As before, our potential model consists of the relativistic kinetic energy term, a scalar linear confining term including its relativistic corrections and the perturbative QCD spin-dependent terms. A set of unperturbed wave functions for the various states is obtained using a variational technique that is further constrained by requiring that the wave functions also satisfy the relativistic virial theorem. These are then used in a perturbative treatment of the potential to fit the mass spectrum of the c s ¯ system and calculate the radiative decay widths. Our results accurately describe the D s spectrum and are compatible with the little data that is available for the radiative decays of the D s states.
Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with a variety of androgen independent Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma sublines also reactive with human prostate adenocarcinoma.

Murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody (MCA) to Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma R-3327HIS (androgen independent type) has been produced by fusing P3x63 Ag8-653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice which were immunized with R-3327HIS tumor cell membranes. One monoclonal antibody designated MCA-R1 (IgG2a subtype) produced an intense immunostaining of various androgen independent Dunning rat prostate tumor sublines (HIS, HIM, HIF, AT-1, AT-2, AT-3, MAT-Lu and MAY-Ly-Lu), but did not stain other tumors of rat origin or normal rat tissues. Marginal immunostaining was detected in the androgen responsive R-3327H and R-3327G tumor subline. Although MCA-R1 antibody did not react with the regressed prostate tumor of R-3327H or R-3327G, it strongly reacted with the relapsed prostate tumor from either R-3327H or R-3327G tumor derived from rats were treated with diethyl stilbestrol (DES) or castration. MCA-R1 antibody also produced a strong cross-reaction with human prostate adenocarcinoma. Like the Dunning rat tumor, human adenocarcinoma exhibited distinct immunostaining patterns with respect to intracellular localization among well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor. Benign prostatic hyperplasia or other normal tissues did not stain. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and radioautographic analysis revealed that the Dunning rat prostate tumor antigen recognized (m.wt. 50 and 120 Kd) by MCA-R1 antibody are localized on both cell surface and in the cytoplasm. This MCA may represent a potential reagent for the study of tumor biology and immunotherapy of prostate tumor.
Trade and Human Security in ASEAN: Toward Deeper Linkage?

Since the end of the Cold War, the mission of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has broadened dramatically to encompass a much wider range of economic and socio-cultural matters in the region as well as security, while its membership now includes virtually all of continental and maritime Southeast Asia. In 2003, the ASEAN states issued the Bali Concord II, which called for the creation of an ASEAN Community by the year 2015, with a single market and production base comprising free flow of goods, services, investment, and skilled labor, as well as a freer flow of capital. In addition, the ASEAN Community would be increasingly governed by rules rather than informal norms, a potentially significant step underscored by the full ratification of the ASEAN Charter in 2008, which formally established the Association’s legal personality.
Toward Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in West Africa: The Potential Contributions of Non-governmental Organizations

There is a growing consensus that climate change is occurring and that anthropogenic factors are contributing significantly to it. While past policies emphasized climate change mitigation, the anticipated impacts of climate change such as floods and drought call for a significant boost in adaptation policies in order to ensure sustainable development. However, conventional top-down, sectoral approaches to climate change adaptation also have potential adverse social and ecological consequences that threaten long term sustainability goals. Managing the impacts of climate change requires the coordination of efforts across multiple scales and sectors. This realization has led to the turn toward ecosystem-based adaptation which adopts a multi-sectoral approach to sustaining healthy ecosystems as a means of reducing vulnerability and enhancing the resilience of social and ecological systems to climate change impacts and other drivers of change. Although the concept of ecosystem-based adaptation appears promising, the transition from conventional climate change adaptation policies toward ecosystem-based adaptation in West Africa has been slow. This chapter examines the key features of the ecosystem-based adaptation approach, as well as its potential to enhance climate change resilience in the West African context. The chapter also discusses the potential roles of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in enhancing awareness, generating interest, creating opportunities, and building capacities for enhancing the transition toward ecosystem-based adaptation. In view of the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs, the chapter concludes that the successful transition toward ecosystem-based adaptation requires adaptive governance mechanisms for connecting state representatives, as well as communities and the private sector across multiple levels in an on-going process of learning and adapting to change.
Weight stigmatization, internalization, and eating disorder symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation.

Weight-based stigmatization is a prevalent problem that can result in disordered eating, especially if weight bias internalization is also present. Emotion dysregulation is correlated with disordered eating as well, and it is not known whether emotion dysregulation may worsen disordered eating in th
Application of a mild hydrothermal method to the synthesis of mixed transition-metal(II)/uranium(IV) fluorides

Single crystals of five transition metal uranium fluorides were obtained via the use of a mild hydrothermal route. Uranyl acetate was used as both the uranium source and the reducing agent for an in situ reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). The synthesized materials are present as both two- and three-dimensional structures and contain uranium in 9-fold coordination environments. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the reported materials remain paramagnetic down to 2 K, with no evidence for the existence of long-range magnetic ordering. Thermogravimetric analysis studies of the reported materials are also presented.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction After Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Wound complications following total ankle replacement are common. A team approach, including plastic surgeons, should be utilized to manage these wound issues. The handling of the wound, from the index procedure, to a variety of flaps, can be utilized to provide a successful outcome following an ankle replacement.
Differential acute and chronic responses in insulin action in cultured myotubes following from nondiabetic severely obese humans following gastric bypass surgery.

Abstract Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been shown to induce positive metabolic adaptations for individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2), including improved peripheral insulin action. Although a major site of insulin action, the time course changes in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism following RYGB is unclear. Objectives To investigate the acute and chronic effects of RYGB surgery on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in cultured human primary myotubes derived from nondiabetic severely obese humans. Setting East Carolina University Bariatric Surgery Center and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute. Methods Primary human skeletal muscle cells were isolated from biopsies obtained from 8 women with severe obesity before, 1 month, and 7 months following RYGB surgery. Glucose metabolism, glycogen content, and insulin signal transduction were determined in differentiated myotubes. Results Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation increased in human myotubes derived from patients with severe obesity at both 1 and 7 months post-RYGB. However, there were no alterations indicative of enhanced insulin signal transduction. At 1 month post-RYGB, muscle glycogen levels were lower (-23%) and phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) was elevated (+16%); both returned to presurgery levels at 7 months after RYGB in myotubes derived from patients. At 7 months post-RYGB, there was an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) protein content (+54%). Conclusion These data indicate that insulin action intrinsically improves in cultured human primary myotubes derived from nondiabetic severely obese patients following RYGB surgery; however, the cellular alterations involved appear to consist of distinct acute and chronic components.
Performance assessment of factory and field calibrations for electromagnetic sensors in a loam soil

Abstract Accurate continuous measurements of temperature (T), apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), apparent dielectric permittivity (era), and volumetric water content (θv) are extremely valuable to irrigation management and other agronomic decisions. The performance of eight electromagnetic (EM) sensors (TDR315, CS655, HydraProbe2, 5TE, EC5, CS616, Field Connect, AquaCheck), were analyzed through a field study in a loam soil. T, ECa, and era were compared in reference to overall average among all sensors, and θv in reference to a neutron moisture meter (NMM). The reported T and ECa difference among the sensors were within 1 °C and 1 dS m−1, respectively, at 0.15 and 0.76 m depths. Among the single-sensor probes, the range of depth-combined (0.15 and 0.76 m) RMSD for factory calibration varied from 0.039 m3 m−3 (5TE) to 0.157 m3 m−3 (CS616). In comparison to single-sensor probes, RMSD of Field Connect at combined depths (0.30 and 0.51 m) was moderate (0.083 m3 m−3), and RMSD of AquaCheck at combined depths (0.30 and 0.61 m) was high (0.163 m3 m−3). Regression calibrations improved θv accuracy substantially beyond factory calibrations, as RMSD of the evaluated sensors except Field Connect was below 0.025 m3 m−3 using regression calibrations. The betterment in θv accuracy gained by using offset calibrations was smaller and less consistent than the improvements gained by using regression calibrations. The lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval for mean RMSD of most sensors were below 0.02 and 0.04 m3 m−3, respectively, when using depth-specific offset calibrations. The relative success of offset calibrations for certain sensors in this study is encouraging and may signal new opportunities. Because much of the uncertainty in sensor-reported θv for the sensors under evaluation was systematic, future work should aim to develop universal calibrations or facilitate site-specific calibrations.