cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Recursive Approach to Mixed Methods Research in a Longitudinal Study of Postsecondary Education Disability Support Services.

Mixed methods research has increased in popularity over the past 20 years. Literature reveals that exploratory qualitative analysis followed by confirmatory survey research is common and concurrent...
Effects of plasticization on the piezoelectric properties of nylon 11 films

Nylon 11 films (δ′-form) were plasticized by immersion in 2-ethyl 1,3 hexanediol. Two different kinds of studies were performed. In the first study, poled nylon 11 films were plasticized by immersion in the plasticizer for different lengths of time. The piezoelectric strain constant,d31, initially increased up to a plasticizer content of ∼ 14% (by weight) and then decreased. The values of piezoelectric stress constant,e31, however, decreased with increase in dipping time. In the second study, the films were initially plasticized and then poled. Bothd31 ande31 were higher for plasticized films compared to unplasticized films under identical poling conditions. X-ray diffraction studies showed some conversion of δ′-phase to α′-phase during the process of plasticization.
Mathematical Reasoning: Adults' Ability to Make the Inductive-Deductive Distinction

In this study, I examined adults' ability to distinguish necessary deductive and indeterminate inductive forms of argument in mathematics. Only 30% of a sample of college students distinguished deductive and inductive forms of argument and experienced deductively derived conclusions as necessary and inductively derived conclusions as uncertain. Forty percent failed to distinguish deductive and inductive forms and experienced inductively derived and deductively derived conclusions as necessary. Thirty percent distinguished deductive and inductive arguments but experienced deductively derived and inductively derived conclusions as uncertain. As observed in other reasoning domains, the introduction of personal beliefs or knowledge about the argument content appeared to affect adult reasoners' application of knowledge about forms of argument and judgments of necessity. The results suggest the following conclusions. Adults' experience of the conclusions from mathematical inductive and deductive arguments as pr...
Endoscopically guided sinus cultures in normal subjects.

The study of healthy sinus flora has been pursued with Caldwell-Luc, antral puncture, and anterior rhinoscopy. Increasingly, nasal endoscopy has been used to obtain cultures, yet the significance o...
The modeling of a standalone solid-oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit

In this research, a Simulink model of a standalone vehicular solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) auxiliary power unit (APU) is developed. The SOFC APU model consists of three major components: a controller model; a power electronics system model; and an SOFC plant model, including an SOFC stack module, two heat exchanger modules, and a combustor module. This paper discusses the development of the nonlinear dynamic models for the SOFC stacks, the heat exchangers and the combustors. When coupling with a controller model and a power electronic circuit model, the developed SOFC plant model is able to model the thermal dynamics and the electrochemical dynamics inside the SOFC APU components, as well as the transient responses to the electric loading changes. It has been shown that having such a model for the SOFC APU will help design engineers to adjust design parameters to optimize the performance. The modeling results of the SOFC APU heat-up stage and the output voltage response to a sudden load change are presented in this paper. The fuel flow regulation based on fuel utilization is also briefly discussed.
An action spectrum for photoinduction of prolonged cutaneous photosensitivity by topical 8-MOP.

Abstract Suberythemogenic exposure of human skin treated with aqueous 8-MOP to radiation greater than 380 nm prolongs photosensitization to subsequent UVA from 6 to 24–72 h. One hypothesis for prolonged photosensitization is that greater than 380 nm irradiation forms 8-MOP-DNA mono-adducts, which are removed more slowly than free 8-MOP and serve as a substrate for crosslinking by further UVA exposure. Sufficient DNA crosslinking results in erythema. We have examined this hypothesis by measuring the action spectrum for induction of prolonged photosensitization. Skin of normal volunteers was treated with aqueous 8-MOP (0.003%) and immediately received suberythemogenic monochromatic exposures between 334 and 430 nm. twenty-four hours later, the presence of prolonged sensitization was tested by small exposures of UVA. Erythema was evaluated 3 and 5 d later, and an action spectrum for prolonged sensitization was determined. The minimum phototoxic dose (MPD) was also determined at each wavelength. The action spectrum for prolonged photosensitization declined gradually between 334 and 425 nm. The action spectrum for delayed erythema induced by a single exposure of 8-MOP-treated skin declined rapidly from 334–390 nm. These findings are consistent with prolonged binding of 8-MOP in the skin by an initial exposure, possibly as 8-MOP-DNA monoadducts, allowing the second exposure to induce an erythemogenic event, possibly crosslinking of DNA.
Changes in accounting education

Abstract This article reports a survey and analysis of changes in accounting education that have occurred in the past 25 years. It considers nine accounting subject areas as they relate to 12 specific aspects of accounting education. The findings are that considerable change has occurred, but mainly in more specialized accounting areas, and largely related to volume of material included. The article concludes by relating its findings to the 28 recommendations made in the 1986 AAA report,“Future Accounting Education: Preparing for the Expanding Profession.”
Behind the Iron Curtain: The Environments of the Iron Stars AS 325 and XX Oph

ABSTRACT.We present new photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Iron stars AS 325 and XX Oph. Both stars are binaries composed of a Be star primary plus a luminous red star. Long-term optical photometry of AS 325 reveals it to be a 513-day period eclipsing binary with highly variable eclipses. The primary eclipse is that of the Be star with no secondary eclipse observed. This is not surprising given the small comparative size of the more massive companion. The red star in AS 325 is observed to be a variable star ranging from K2.5 to a M5 in spectral type and shown to be a supergiant of luminosity class II. The red secondary star is the major cause of the variable eclipses. A simple model is advanced to explain the complex behavior observed for Balmer hydrogen emission and Ca II H and K absorption lines as a function of eclipse phase. Spatially resolved near-IR spectroscopy of XX Oph shows the binary to be sitting in a large cavity-like region of space surrounded by reflective dust. AS 325 and XX...
Comparative distribution of nitrogenous compounds in Acipenser transmontanus and Hydrolagus colliei: Enzyme kinetics and isozyme ratios alterations

Abstract 1. 1. Time patterns of intravenously administered [14C]urea in primitive fishes showed generalized but not quantitatively equivalent tissue distribution within defined concentration limits which were species specific (Rasmussen & Rasmussen, 1978). Comparative patterns are presented here for other 14C-labelled organics, such as thiourea, demonstrating temporal and quantitative differences in tissue distribution. 2. 2. Demonstrable species differences between [14C]TMA and [14C]urea distribution are seen between H. colliei and A. transmontanus. 3. 3. The tissue distribution of [14C]urea of H. colliei maintained in sea water with 0.1 M urea plus minor amounts of [14C]urea is presented; especially to be noted is the rapid distribution to the ocular fluid. 4. 4. Finally, the effects of elevated concentrations of selected organics including urea, TMAO, guanidine-HCl on serum and CSF levels of peroxidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), on some kinetic parameters of LDH, and on LDH isozyme ratios are reported. Especially enhanced by extra urea is the fastest electrophoretically migrating LDH band in ratfish CSF and serum.
Implications of In-Person Visits for Incarcerated Parents’ Family Relationships and Parenting Experience

Using data from 69 incarcerated parents, we examine the associations of in-person visitation frequency and problems with offender-child closeness, offender-caregiver relationship quality, and offenders’ parenting distress and coparenting. Visitation problems, but not frequency, were associated with greater offender-child closeness, visitation frequency and problems were associated with offender parenting distress, and there was a trend association between visit problems and coparenting. Neither visitation frequency nor problems were associated with offender-caregiver relationship quality. Results highlight the importance of in-person visitation for offender-child relationships and offenders’ parenting experience during incarceration as well as the need to distinguish between the frequency of those visits and the problems that occur during them.
Noradrenergic antagonism of the P13 and N40 components of the rat auditory evoked potential.

Rationale Two rat auditory evoked potential (AEP) components P13 and N40 are suggested as analogues to the human P50, which has abnormal suppression properties in schizophrenia. However, P50 likely reflects neural activity from several different brain areas. Studies examining each of these components in the rat model have proposed circuitry that involves α2 norepinephrine (NE) receptors, and different disruption effects are predicted depending on whether effects are presynaptic or postsynaptic.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the marine bromopyrrole alkaloid dispyrin: elucidation of discrete molecular targets with therapeutic potential.

The first total synthesis of dispyrin, a recently reported bromopyrrole alkaloid from Agelas dispar with an unprecedented bromopyrrole tyramine motif, was achieved in three steps on a gram scale (68.4% overall). No biological activity was reported for dispyrin, so we evaluated synthetic dispyrin against >200 discrete molecular targets in radioligand binding and functional assays. Unlike most marine natural products, dispyrin (1) possesses no antibacterial or anticancer activity, but was found to be a potent ligand and antagonist of several therapeutically relevant GPCRs, the α1D and α2A adrenergic receptors and the H2 and H3 histamine receptors.
Lisuride and LSD: dopaminergic and serotonergic interactions in the "serotonin syndrome".

A characteristic behavioral syndrome has been associated with stimulation of central serotonin receptors in rats. This behavior can be produced by inhibition of monoamine oxidase and administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan as well as by direct acting serotonergic agonists. LSD and the novel ergot derivative lisuirde produced this syndrome in rats. These drugs possess both serotonergic and dopaminergic properties. Since changes in dopaminergic function have also been reported to affect the so-called serotonin syndrome, it was not clear how the two ergot drugs acted to produce this syndrome. The syndrome produced by pargyline and 5-hydroxytryptophan methyl ester was blocked by haloperidol, methysergide, parachlorophenylalanine, and alpha-methylparatyrosine; these treatments failed to block the effects of lisuride. Metoclopramide did not block the syndrome produced by either lisuride or pargyline plus 5-hydroxytryptophan methyl ester. Methysergide partially blocked the behavioral effects of LSD; pretreatment with either haloperidol or metoclopramide potentiated and prolonged the behavioral effects of LSD. The results suggest that dopaminergic modulation of the serotonin syndrome occurs before the serotonin receptor involved in this behavior. Also, the differences between LSD and lisuride may be relevant to their different psychopharmacological properties.
Identification and characterization of the human NOL7 gene promoter

NOL7 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that localizes to 6p23, a chromosomal region frequently associated with loss of heterozygosity in a number of malignancies including cervical cancer (CC). Re-expression of NOL7 in CC cells suppresses in vivo tumor growth by 95% and alters the angiogenic phenotype by modulating the expression of VEGF and TSP1. Here, we describe the determination of two NOL7 transcriptional start sites (TSS), the cloning of its regulatory promoter region, and the identification of transcription factors that regulate its expression. Using 5' Rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE), two transcriptional start sites were identified. Deletion analysis determined that the essential elements required for the optimal promoter activity of NOL7 were 560 bp upstream of its translation start site. In silico analysis suggested that the promoter region contained potential binding sites for the SP1, c-Myc and RXRalpha transcription factors as well as an overall GC content of greater than 60%. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed that SP1, c-Myc and RXRalpha bound to the NOL7 promoter region. Finally, we demonstrate that NOL7 expression was positively regulated by c-Myc and RXRalpha. These results demonstrate that the NOL7 promoter region possesses each of the key elements of a TATA-less promoter. In addition, the positive regulation of NOL7 by c-Myc and RXRalpha provides additional mechanistic insights into the potential role of NOL7 in CC and other malignancies.
Vehicle tracking across nonoverlapping cameras using joint kinematic and appearance features

We describe a vehicle tracking algorithm using input from a network of nonoverlapping cameras. Our algorithm is based on a novel statistical formulation that uses joint kinematic and image appearance information to link local tracks of the same vehicles into global tracks with longer persistence. The algorithm can handle significant spatial separation between the cameras and is robust to challenging tracking conditions such as high traffic density, or complex road infrastructure. In these cases, traditional tracking formulations based on MHT, or JPDA algorithms, may fail to produce track associations across cameras due to the weak predictive models employed. We make several new contributions in this paper. Firstly, we model kinematic constraints between any two local tracks using road networks and transit time distributions. The transit time distributions are calculated dynamically as convolutions of normalized transit time distributions that are learned and adapted separately for individual roads. Secondly, we present a complete statistical tracker formulation, which combines kinematic and appearance likelihoods within a multi-hypothesis framework. We have extensively evaluated the algorithm proposed using a network of ground-based cameras with narrow field of view. The tracking results obtained on a large ground-truthed dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed.
Transport of large particles in flow through porous media

There is considerable evidence indicating that significant reduction in the efficiency of many processes in porous media, such as enhancing oil recovery, heterogeneous chemical reactions, deep-bed filtration, gel permeation, and liquid chromatography, is due to the reduction in the permeability of the pore space. This reduction is due to the transport of particles, whose sizes are comparable with those of the pores, and the subsequent blocking of the pores by various mechanisms. In this paper we develop a novel Monte Carlo method for theoretical modeling of this phenomenon. Particles of various sizes are injected into the medium, and their migration in the flow field is modeled by a random walk whose transition probability is proportional to the local pore fluxes. Pores are blocked and their flow capacity is reduced (or vanished) when large particles pass through them (and reduce their flow capacity) or totally block them. The permeability of the medium can ultimately vanish and, therefore, this phenomenon is a percolation process. Various quantities of interest such as the variations of the permeability with process time and the distribution of pore-plugging times are computed. The critical exponent characterizing the vanishing of the permeability near the percolation threshold appears to be different from that of percolation conductivity. The agreement between our results and the available experimental data is excellent.
Cellular mapping of m2 muscarinic receptors in rat olfactory bulb using an antiserum raised against a cytoplasmic loop peptide.

An antiserum that recognizes a sequence from the putative third cytoplasmic loop of the m2 subtype of muscarinic receptors (mAchR) has been raised and used to map the cellular distribution of this subtype in rat olfactory bulb. The antiserum was obtained by injecting BALB/C mice with a BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide whose sequence corresponded to amino acids 240–259 of the porcine cardiac m2 mAChR gene. Antibodies recognized the synthetic peptide in ELISA screening and labelled a single band corresponding to the peak of [3H]PrBCM-labelled heart mAchRs in immunoblots. Immunostaining of olfactory bulb, a region of the brain enriched in this muscarinic receptor subtype, showed that the antibodies labelled cell bodies and multiple dendritic processes. Broad fluorescent labelling throughout cell bodies was consistent with binding to the cytoplasmic face of the surface membrane, in support of the predicted cytoplasmic loop structure. m2-Positive cells throughout the bulb were sparsely distributed in different layers representing small subpopulations of the cells in each region: glomeruli, 6%; external plexiform layer, 16%; inner plexiform and granule cell layer, 3%. The results show that antibodies against specific sequences of different muscarinic receptor subtypes can be used to localize subtypes in situ, that the m2 subtype within the rat olfactory bulb is broadly distributed, and that the m2 subtype can occur postsynaptically in this central nervous system (CNS) region. The mapping of m2-positive cells in olfactory bulb may be of particular interest because loss of this subtype and degeneration of the olfactory system have been observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Working within the Labyrinth of Race: Crystal Bird Fauset, Urban African American Women, and the National Democratic Party, 1934-1944

Over the past forty years, historians have extensively probed the causes of the historic political realignment of urban African American votes in the United States from 1928 through 1936. In partic...
Expression of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRF1) in the human gastrointestinal tract and upregulation in the colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acting on CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) is a main signaling pathway in the stress response. CRF is also produced in a variety of peripheral sites and acts locally as a proinflammatory mediator. We investigated CRF1 mRNA expression in the human gastrointestinal tract, and localized CRF1 immunoreactive cells in the colonic mucosa of healthy subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In 4 male healthy subjects (24–29 years), CRF1 transcript was detected by RT-PCR throughout the gastrointestinal tract with the highest levels in the ileum and rectum and the lowest level in the colon. Immunohistochemistry on whole thickness sigmoid colon sections showed that CRF1 was localized in the lamina propria and epithelial cells and enteric neurons. In sigmoid colonic biopsies, immunohistochemically double-labeled cells with CRF1 and CD163, a marker for macrophages, represent 79% of total CRF1 immunoreactive (IR) cells in healthy subjects. In 10 UC patients, the total number of CRF1 IR cells and CRF1/CD163 double-labeled macrophages was increased by 4.2 and 4.0 folds respectively compared to healthy subjects. These findings indicate that CRF1 is distributed throughout the GI tract of healthy human subjects. The increase of CRF1 IR cells prominently in macrophages of the sigmoid colonic mucosa of UC patients provides anatomical support for a role of CRF1 signaling in modulating the immune-inflammatory process of UC.
Production and Perception of Coarticulation among Stressed and Unstressed Vowels

A pair of experiments examines first the coarticulatory relations among certain stressed and unstressed vowels, and next the perception of coarticulated unstressed vowels. The first study finds the...
Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems

We introduce the concept of a delaying explorer with the goal of performing prioritized exploration of the behaviors of an asynchronous reactive program. A delaying explorer stratifies the search space using a custom strategy, and a delay operation that allows deviation from that strategy. We show that prioritized search with a delaying explorer performs significantly better than existing prioritization techniques. We also demonstrate empirically the need for writing different delaying explorers for scalable systematic testing and hence, present a flexible delaying explorer interface. We introduce two new techniques to improve the scalability of search based on delaying explorers. First, we present an algorithm for stratified exhaustive search and use efficient state caching to avoid redundant exploration of schedules. We provide soundness and termination guarantees for our algorithm. Second, for the cases where the state of the system cannot be captured or there are resource constraints, we present an algorithm to randomly sample any execution from the stratified search space. This algorithm guarantees that any such execution that requires $d$ delay operations is sampled with probability at least $1/L^d$, where $L$ is the maximum number of program steps. We have implemented our algorithms and evaluated them on a collection of real-world fault-tolerant distributed protocols.
Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in Georgia nearshore waters

Nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted to investigate the utilization of dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen by marine phytoplankton in Georgia coastal waters. Natural populations of marine phytoplankton, enriched with different concentrations of ammonium chloride and other plant nutrients, were grown under controlled temperature and irradiance conditions until the populations reached “stationary phase.” Results showed that (1) phytoplankton are limited by DIN up to ca. 20μM, when another nutrient (phosphate or silicate) becomes limiting, (2) very little naturally-occurring DON is directly utilized for growth, (3) very little DON is indirectly made available for growth over time periods of days to ca. 1 week, and (4) trace metals and vitamins do not significantly limit phytoplankton growth.
Recanalization of acute carotid stent occlusion using Penumbra 4Max aspiration catheter: technical report and review of rescue strategies for acute carotid stent occlusion

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has become a widely used treatment for carotid artery stenosis, especially in high-risk patients. Acute in-stent and distal protection device occlusion are potentially catastrophic complications of this procedure. Previously described rescue strategies have included administration of antiplatelet agents (eg, abciximab) with/without thrombolytics and removal of the filter. Here we describe the successful resolution of in-stent occlusion by mechanical thrombolysis using the Penumbra 4Max aspiration catheter. Distal flow was subsequently restored with minimal residual stenosis. The patient did not suffer any consequent neurological deficits. The different strategies that could be used in this critical situation are reviewed.
Simultaneous vs Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2000–2009

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reportedly has higher postoperative complication rates than staged procedures, but little is known about recent trends and outcomes among Medicare patients. In a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years, we identified 83,441 patients who underwent elective TKA between 2000 and 2009 and compared patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA (n=4519) to staged TKA (n=3788). Use of simultaneous TKA did not change over time (3 in 10,000), but use of staged TKA increased three-fold from 1.4 to 4.4 in 10,000 person-years. We assessed length of stay; 5-year risk of revision; periprocedural (i.e., 90-day) risk of infection; hospitalization for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and myocardial infarction (MI); and death using Kaplan-Meier methods. Simultaneous TKA had higher 90-day risk of death (0.7% vs. 0.3%, P=0.02), VTE (0.9% vs. 0.5%, P=0.07), and MI (0.5% vs. 0.2%, P=0.02). Infection and revision rates were similar between the two groups.
Surface Chemical and Morphological Changes in Corrosion Product Layers and Inhibitors in CO2 Corrosion in Multiphase Flowlines

This communication reports the effects of multiphase flow on the corrosion products formed on the surface of 1018 C-steel coupons in oil and gas lines. The main objective of this paper is to understand the effects of multiphase flow (full pipe and slug flow Fr. No. 6 and 9 at various flow and oil-water mixtures) on the morphology and the porosity of the C-steel coupon subjected to a horizontal test loop. The corrosion product layer formed on the surface of the steel coupons were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray mapping, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Detailed porosity calculation has been carried out using metallographic software. The porosity increases as the flow velocity is increased. The corrosion product layer is primarily made of iron carbonate crystals along with Na and CI as indicated by EDS measurements. Detailed XPS analysis show the deterioration of inhibitor film as the flow is increased from full pipe (Fr = 0) to slug flow (Fr = 6). XPS shakeup satellite lines in the N (1 s) spectra have been useful in the analysis.
Annihilation and Deification in Beguine Theology and Marguerite Porete's Mirror of Simple Souls

In 1309 ecclesiastical leaders condemned as heresy Marguerite Porete's rejection of moral duty, her doctrine that “the annihilated soul is freed from the virtues.”1 They also condemned her book, the Mirror of Simple Souls, which includes doctrines associated decades earlier with a “new spirit” heresy spreading “blasphemies” such as that “a person can become God” because “a soul united to God is made divine.”2 In his study, The Heresy of the Free Spirit, Robert E. Lerner identifies these two doctrines of annihilation and deification as characteristic of the “free spirit” heresy condemned at the 1311 Council of Vienne. The council claimed that this heresy's sympathizers belonged to an “abominable sect of certain evil men known as beghards and some faithless women called beguines.”3 Lerner found that this group was composed of a disproportionate number of women, including Marguerite Porete. Many of the men were also involved with the group of pious laywomen known as beguines.4 Lerner shows that among those charged with heresy, many sympathized with a “ ‘free-spirit style’ of affective mysticism particularly congenial to thirteenth century religious women.”5 He suggests that beguines in particular radicalized affective spirituality into what he calls an “extreme mysticism.”6 Here I wish to follow Lerner's suggestion that we ought to search for the roots of Porete's doctrines among the beguines. I will argue that distinctive doctrines of annihilation and deification sprouted from a fertile beguine imagination, one that nourished Porete's own distinctive and influential ideas in the Mirror of Simple Souls.7 It is among the beguines that we find the first instance in Christianity of a women's community creating an original form of theological discourse.
Exploring the Limits of Entitlement: Williams v. State of California.

In August 2000, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of school children against the state of California. The suit, Williams v. State of California, alleged that the state failed to exercise its constitutional obligation to provide equal access to education for all students in the state by allowing deficient facilities, uncredentialed teachers, and inadequate or insufficient instructional materials. A successful outcome for the plaintiffs would entail expansion of current boundaries of entitlement to a new standard that would establish constitutional entitlement to specific resources and a standard of state responsibility for oversight. In this article I examine whether the relief that plaintiffs seek pushes the definition of entitlement to areas beyond judicially manageable and constitutionally defensible standards.
Monitoring in-shoe plantar pressures, temperature, and humidity: Reliability and validity of measures from a portable device

Abstract Maluf KS, Morley RE, Richter EJ, Klaesner JW, Mueller MJ. Monitoring in-shoe plantar pressures, temperature, and humidity: reliability and validity of measures from a portable device. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1119-27. Objective: To investigate the reliability and validity of measures obtained from a portable electronic device used to monitor changes in plantar pressure, temperature, and humidity that occur within the shoe during prolonged activity. Design: Descriptive study comparing electronic sensor output with criterion values. Settings: Indoor level walkway for pressure data; uncontrolled, outdoor environment for step count data; enclosed environmental control chamber for humidity and temperature data. Participants: Convenience sample of 4 healthy, sensate subjects. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Correlations between sensor output and criterion measures were determined for pressure and temperature data. The absolute differences between sensor output and criterion values of temperature, humidity, and step count were also determined. Results: Pressure measurements from electronic sensors correlated highly with criterion values ( r ≥.82), both before and after prolonged use. Relative humidity sensor output were within 5% of hygrometer values. In-shoe temperature data correlated highly with criterion values ( r ≥.99), and differed from known temperatures by.50° ±.84°C and.96° ± 1.56°C at the forefoot and heel, respectively. Electronic step counts recorded at the central forefoot were within 1 step of visual step counts. Pressure tracings obtained from the device during different weight-bearing activities revealed qualitatively distinct pressure patterns. Conclusion: The device provides valid and reliable measures of in-shoe plantar pressures, temperature, and humidity during prolonged activity. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Extreme scale computing: challenges and opportunities

An extreme scale system is one that is one thousand times more capable than a current comparable system, with the same power and physical footprint. Intuitively, this means that the power consumption and physical footprint of a current departmental server should be enough to deliver petascale performance, and that a single, commodity chip should deliver terascale performance. In this panel, we will discuss the resulting challenges in energy/power efficiency, concurrency and locality, resiliency and programmability, and the research opportunities that may take us to extreme scale systems.
The Rise of APRA in Peru: Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre and Inter‐American Intellectual Connections, 1918–1935

This paper explores the rise of Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) by examining Victor Raul Haya de la Torre's formative years as a student leader. Haya de la Torre's philosophy of anti-imperialism developed out of a Latin American intellectual trend known as neo-arielismo and embodied the aspirations and frustrations of a new generation of young intellectuals and working class people. However, APRA also represented a unique response among Peruvian intellectuals to the nation's defeat in the War of the Pacific. Haya de la Torre's calls for a politically united Latin America rested on a unifying idea of racial ancestry known as Indoamericanismo and increasing evidence of the debilitating force of U.S. imperialism. Unlike his predecessors, Haya traveled extensively throughout the Americas and in Europe to generate intellectual and political connections. Despite the ultimate failure of APRA to achieve its objectives, the founder and head of the movement was warmly welcomed and encouraged by students and intellectuals while traveling. Haya's defeat in the 1930 presidential election sparked protests among his followers based on allegations of fraud. The violent repression that resulted, with tacit support from the U.S. government, exemplifies the confluence of power that APRA faced. His reception among U.S. academics highlights the stark contrast between U.S. foreign policy and academic understandings of Latin America.
Low power wireless sensor networks for infrastructure monitoring

Sensors with long lifetimes are ideal for infrastructure monitoring. Miniaturized sensor systems are only capable of storing small amounts of energy. Prior work has increased sensor lifetime through the reduction of supply voltage , necessitating voltage conversion from storage elements such as batteries. Sensor lifetime can be further extended by harvesting from solar, vibrational, or thermal energy. Since harvested energy is sporadic, it must be detected and stored. Harvesting sources do not provide voltage levels suitable for secondary power sources, necessitating DC-DC upconversion. We demonstrate a 8.75mm 3 sensor system with a near-threshold ARM microcontroller, custom 3.3fW/bit SRAM, two 1mm 2 solar cells, a thin-film Li-ion battery, and integrated power management unit. The 7.7μW system enters a 550pW data-retentive sleep state between measurements and harvests solar energy to enable energy autonomy. Our receiver and transmitter architectures benefit from a design strategy that employs mixed signal and digital circuit schemes that perform well in advanced CMOS integrated circuit technologies. A prototype transmitter implemented in 0.13μm CMOS satisfies the requirements for Zigbee, but consumes far less power consumption than state-of-the-art commercial devices.
Wavelet decomposition of UWB radar signals

It is shown that wavelet transform of UWB (ultrawideband) radar signals at different scales can be used to identify the geometrical features of target scattering components. The number of scatters and their location, and the geometry of each scatterer are parameters that can be estimated from the wavelet representation of the target impulse response. >
Pureed by gastrostomy tube diet improves gagging and retching in children with fundoplication.

Background: Children with feeding disorders requiring Nissen fundoplication may develop gagging and retching following gastrostomy feedings. We developed a “pureed by gastrostomy tube” (PBGT) diet in an attempt to treat these symptoms and provide adequate nutrition and hydration. Methods: Children post– fundoplication surgery with symptoms of gagging and retching with gastrostomy feedings were selected from our interdisciplinary feeding team. An individualized PBGT diet was designed to meet the child’s nutrition goals. The child’s weight gain was recorded at each follow-up visit. A telephone survey was performed to determine parents’ perceptions of the child’s symptoms and oral feeding tolerance. Results: Thirty-three children (mean age, 34.2 months) participated in the trial. Average weight gain on the PBGT diet was 6.2 g/d. Seventeen children (52%) were reported to have a 76%–100% reduction in gagging and retching. Twenty-four children (73%) were reported to have a ≥50% decrease in symptoms. No child ha...
Improving real-time system configuration via a QoS-aware CORBA component model

A fundamental tension exists in systems research and practice between (1) hiding extraneous details to simplify the system programming model, and (2) revealing crucial details to allow better customization to particular application requirements, data characteristics, or other constraints. For many modern systems, such as distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems and multimedia applications, this tension is even stronger: the correctness of the system depends not only on functional behavior (e.g., correctness of interfaces and the algorithms behind them) but also on quality of service (QoS) properties such as CPU speeds, frame rates, and end-to-end timeliness requirements. Satisfying both the functional and QoS requirements of modern applications running in various run-time environments requires programming models that can allow selective visibility and reconfigurability of key details in both the application and the services it uses. Although prior research and practice has focused on decoupling system properties from the application logic to facilitate modification at different points in the system life-cycle, some system properties cross-cut both (1) multiple layers (application and supporting infrastructure) and (2) multiple configuration phases in the system lifecycle. To date, there has been little support for configuring such cross-cutting concerns in a systematic and standardized way across different kinds of applications. This has resulted historically in laborious and ad hoc hand-customization of systems to meet real-world constraints, especially for DRE systems. However, the convergence of model-integrated computing with component-oriented middleware in the DRE middleware research community offers a new opportunity for automated coordination of system modifications at different layers and at different points in the system lifecycle, to meet application requirements end-to-end. We are extending the component-integrated ACE ORB (CIAO), to provide a unified system configuration capability that can be leveraged by higher-level modeling tools. This paper provides two main contributions to the state of the art in component middleware for model integrated computing in DRE systems. First, we present an argument based on a representative real-world example from the avionics mission computing domain, that multiple points of coordination in the CORBA component model (CCM), i.e., component packaging, assembly and deployment, are needed to assure feasibility and increase performance at run-time. Second, we summarize key lessons learned for configuring QoS properties such as event dependencies, rates of execution, and feasibility of deadlines, and describe which of the alternative configuration points in CCM are most appropriate in our example under different design considerations.
Recurring Crisis in Therapeutic Communities

Recurring crisis is a well-known theme to anyone who has spent a significant amount of time working in a therapeutic community. It is a pheonomenon which takes a heavy toll on both patients and staff. Nevertheless, very little has been written about it and still less regarding a theory as to its cause. The basic premise of this paper is that the egalitarian ideology of the therapeutic community and the manner in which it is applied is at the very heart of the problem in that it prevents participants from dealing with the vital issues confronting them, viz., group process and community development. This has its greatest impact on how authority, control and influence issues present themselves and are resolved. In this paper I will first describe the phenomenon of recurring crisis. Then I will devote my attention to the limited but related literature. Finally, I will present my theory of recurring crisis and the need for further research in this area.
The Neuropsychology of Aesthetic, Spiritual, and Mystical States

An analysis of the underlying neurophysiology of aesthetics and religious experience allows for the development of an Aesthetic-Religious Continuum. This continuum pertains to the variety of creative and spiritual experiences available to human beings. This may also lead to an understanding of the neurophysiological mechanism underlying both positive and negative aesthetics. An analysis of this continuum allows for the ability to understand the neurophenomenological aspects of a variety of human experiences ranging from relatively simple aesthetic experiences to profound spiritual and unitary states such as those obtained during meditation. However, it may be possible through a neuropsychological analysis to determine the similarities that exist across such experiences. Thus, certain parts of the brain may be functioning in similar ways during different experiences. It may be the case that the specific neuropsychological components of a given experience may depend on the strength of the affectual response of the person and the ability to mark such experiences as significant. Further, even though similar structures may be functioning during different experiences, their inhibitory and excitatory interactions may be different. Finally, by considering the Aesthetic-Religious Continuum, we may eventually arrive at a better understanding of how we experience and define reality.
Plasticity-Based Cognitive Remediation in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (P3.134)

OBJECTIVE: Our goals were to assess plasticity-based, adaptive, computerized cognitive remediation (“PACR”) program compliance and treatment outcomes in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who report cognitive dysfunction. BACKGROUND: PACR is web-based cognitive remediation program currently considered an investigational device and limited by Federal (or United States) law to investigational use. DESIGN/METHODS: After having received Institutional Review Board approval as a non-significant risk study, 10 participants, three men and seven women ranging in age from 27 to 64 years (mean of 49 years) enrolled in the PACR program. Six participants were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting and four with primary progressive MS, with a median EDSS score of 3.7 and a range from 1 to 6.5. At baseline, participants completed a neuropsychological evaluation, received a laptop computer, and were given PACR program usage instructions. During the home-based treatment period, participants completed the study games for five hours per week for a total of 40 hours over eight weeks. Compliance data were collected remotely and provided by the developer Brain Plasticity, Inc. At the end of study, participants were re-evaluated. RESULTS: All participants completed approximately 40 target study hours, and showed improvement in their percentile ranking with the average group gain of 30.9 points, indicating marked improvement on program tasks. A composite of the participants’ baseline neuropsychological test scores indicated a range of cognitive abilities across the sample trending towards low average to mild impairment (mean composite score z = -0.75). After completing the PACR program, all but one participant showed improvement (mean composite score increase z =0.33). CONCLUSIONS: We found: 1) a high rate of PACR program compliance and 2) a positive treatment signal with improvement on PACR program exercises, participant ratings, and standardized cognitive measures. Home delivery of the PACR program may be an option for MS patients experiencing cognitive dysfunction if made commercially available. Disclosure: Dr. Charvet has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as a consultant. Dr. Charvet holds stock and/or stock options in Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Amella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scherl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Serafin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Taub has nothing to disclose. Dr. Melville has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krupp has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neurosciences, Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Betaseron/Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Guidepoint Consultants, and Novartis. Dr. Krupp has received royalty payments from Genzyme Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Biogen Idec, and Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Krupp has received research support from EMD Serono and Biogen Idec.
Dog bites to the upper extremity in children.

AIM: Dog bites are common injuries in children. A large percentage of these dog bites affect the upper extremity. There is little information describing the results of treatment of upper extremity injuries in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for all children less than 19 years old who presented to the emergency department in our level one trauma centre because of dog bites from 2005 to 2011. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 254 paediatric emergency department visits for animal bites, among these there were 118 dog bites, two were excluded because of inadequate documentation leaving 116 patients; 26 of them (22.4%) had bites to the upper extremity. Among the 26 children with dog bites to the upper extremity, 6 (23.1%) were admitted to the hospital for surgery (four patients) or parenteral antibiotics (two patients). Among the four surgeries, two were for extensive laceration and two were for abscess debridement. Of the 41 who presented with bites to the lower extremities, none were admitted to the hospital (P = 0.002). Compared with those who presented the same day they were injured, the relative risk of hospitalization or surgery in patients who presented 1 and 2 days after their injury was 3.5 and 7.0, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dog bites at the upper extremity are more prone to require surgical intervention and develop infection than those at the lower extremity, and delayed presentation of these injuries is associated with higher incidence of developing infection. Language: en
The distribution and translocation of the G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 in live cells is determined by its GTPase activity

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are small G proteins that play key roles in vesicular transport processes. We have studied the distribution of ARF1 in live cells using chimeras of ARF1 mutants (wild type (wt) ARF1; Q71L-ARF1 (reduced GTPase); T31N (low affinity for GTP); and (Delta)Nwt (deletion of amino acids 2-18)) with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Confocal microscopy studies showed that the wt and Q71L proteins were localized in the Golgi and cytoplasm. The (Delta)Nwt and the T31N mutants were exclusively cytoplasmic. The behavior of the wt and Q71L proteins was studied in detail. About 15% of wt-ARF1-GFP was bound to the Golgi. Bound wt-ARF1-GFP dissociated rapidly after addition of Brefeldin A (BFA). This process did not appear to be a consequence of BFA-induced disappearance of the Golgi. Photobleaching recovery showed that essentially all the ARF-GFP was mobile, although it diffused very slowly. In contrast, about 40-50% of the Q71L mutant was found in the Golgi, and its rate of dissociation in the presence of BFA was slow and biphasic. Q71L-ARF1-GFP diffused more slowly than the wt. We conclude that ARF1 proteins exist in a dynamic equilibrium between Golgi-bound and cytosolic pools, and that the translocation of ARF in live cells requires the hydrolysis of GTP by the Golgi-bound protein.
Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddenly created plasma

Propagation and radiation of electromagnetic waves from oscillating sources in a suddenly created plasma are studied in this investigation. Field expressions are derived through the use of Laplace transformations. The spatial distribution of sources is taken to be arbitrary but confined. Two cases are considered in detail: 1) plane wave propagation in a source-free region and 2) electric point dipole radiation. In the case of plane wave propagation, various aspects such as wave split, frequency shift, phase and group velocities, amplitude changes, power flows, and energy relations are discussed. In the case of electric dipole radiation, the electromagnetic fields and instantaneous radiated power are calculated and expressed in terms of Lommel functions of two variables. Asymptotic expressions and graphical results of numerical calculations of these quantities are presented. Many interesting properties of the spherical waves and power radiation are discussed.