cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Blockade Limits HER2+ Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis by Perturbing HER2 Trafficking to Be Released from Cells Via Small Extracellular Vesicles

Autophagy modulation is an emerging strategy for cancer therapy, including its use in combination with other molecular targeting agents. However, due to its broad impact on multiple cellular functions, autophagy has been shown to play both tumor suppressive and tumor promoting functions in different contexts and models. In this study, we employed unique mouse models that delete an essential autophagy gene Fip200 (i.e. cKO mice) or specifically disrupt Fip200’s autophagy function (i.e. cKI mice) in HER2-positive breast cancer to reveal a novel mechanism for autophagy to promote mammary tumorigenesis by directly regulating the oncogenic driver HER2. Disruption of FIP200-mediated autophagy reduced HER2 expression on the tumor cell surface and essentially abolished mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-Neu mice. The decreased surface expression of HER2 was not caused by changes at transcriptional levels, protein degradation or elevated endocytosis, but rather due to altered intracellular trafficking from the Golgi to the endocytic pathways instead of the plasma membrane. Autophagy inhibition led to HER2 accumulation in both early and late endosomes/multiple vesicular bodies associated with the intraluminal vesicles and eventually released from tumor cells in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). The increased HER2 release from sEVs correlated with its reduced levels on tumor cell surface, and blocking sEVs secretion rescued HER2 levels in tumor cells. Together, our results demonstrate a new mechanism for autophagy to promote mammary tumorigenesis in HER2-positive breast cancer, which suggests that blocking autophagy could supplement current anti-HER2 agents for treating the disease.
New York Recentered: Building the Metropolis from the Shore: by Kara Murphy Schlichting, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2019, 328 pp., US$40 (cloth)

Framing the communities surrounding Long Island Sound as New York City’s coastal periphery, this urban environmental history offers much of interest to planners. Kara Murphy Schlichting organizes t...
Coffee Consumption and Incident Tachyarrhythmias: Reported Behavior, Mendelian Randomization, and Their Interactions.

Importance The notion that caffeine increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias is common. However, evidence that the consumption of caffeinated products increases the risk of arrhythmias remains poorly substantiated. Objective To assess the association between consumption of common caffeinated products and the risk of arrhythmias. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study analyzed longitudinal data from the UK Biobank between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018. After exclusion criteria were applied, 386 258 individuals were available for analyses. Exposures Daily coffee intake and genetic polymorphisms that affect caffeine metabolism. Main Outcomes and Measures Any cardiac arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation or flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, premature atrial complexes, and premature ventricular complexes. Results A total of 386 258 individuals (mean [SD] age, 56 [8] years; 52.3% female) were assessed. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.5 (3.1) years, 16 979 participants developed an incident arrhythmia. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle habits, each additional cup of habitual coffee consumed was associated with a 3% lower risk of incident arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98;P Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study, greater amounts of habitual coffee consumption were inversely associated with a lower risk of arrhythmia, with no evidence that genetically mediated caffeine metabolism affected that association. Mendelian randomization failed to provide evidence that caffeine consumption was associated with arrhythmias.
The Relationship between Increasing Patient Body Mass Index and Operating Room Scheduling Inaccuracies at the Time of Hysterectomy

Study Objective To assess the relationship between patient body mass index (BMI) and operating room (OR) scheduling inaccuracies at the time of hysterectomy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patients or Participants Scheduled hysterectomies (n=951) performed from 11/2017 through 02/2020 for any gynecologic indication. Interventions Hysterectomy by any route. Measurements and Main Results The primary outcome was operating room time scheduling inaccuracy in minutes, defined as the difference between the scheduled and the actual operating room time. The mean scheduling inaccuracy for women with normal weight, overweight, and class I, II, and III obesity was 22.2, 28.4, 33.5, 38.3, and 48.2 minutes, respectively (p Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for patient age, the presence of major cardiopulmonary comorbidities, ASA category, anesthetic type, abdominal surgical history, number of procedures performed, procedure route, and uterine weight. Normal and overweight women were similarly under-scheduled. Compared with normal-weight women, those with class 1 and 3 obesity were, on average, 12.7 (95% CI 2.1-23.3, p=0.019) and 18.9 (95% CI 4.4-33.3, p=0.010), respectively, more minutes under-scheduled. (The average scheduling inaccuracy of women with class 2 obesity did not differ significantly from women with normal weight.) Obese women whose surgeries were under-scheduled, compared to those who were not, spent a significantly greater proportion of their operating room time in operative time (82.6% vs. 74.6%, p Conclusion When adjusted for key factors that may affect operating room time, obese women were significantly more under-scheduled than women of normal weight. Obese women with under-scheduled cases spent proportionally more OR time in operative as opposed to non-operative time. Future studies can assess whether awareness of this tendency helps surgeons more accurately predict operating room time required for hysterectomy for obese women.
Oncogenic K-Ras promotes proliferation in quiescent intestinal stem cells☆☆☆

K-Ras is a monomeric GTPase that controls cellular and tissue homeostasis. Prior studies demonstrated that mutationally activated K-Ras (K-RasG12D) signals through MEK to promote expansion and hyperproliferation of the highly mitotically active transit-amplifying cells (TACs) in the intestinal crypt. Its effect on normally quiescent stem cells was unknown, however. Here, we have used an H2B-Egfp transgenic system to demonstrate that K-RasG12D accelerates the proliferative kinetics of quiescent intestinal stem cells. As in the TAC compartment, the effect of mutant K-Ras on the quiescent stem cell is dependent upon activation of MEK. Mutant K-Ras is also able to increase self-renewal potential of intestinal stem cells following damage. These results demonstrate that mutant K-Ras can influence intestinal homeostasis on multiple levels.
Moisture Absorption and Desorption in Epoxy Composite Laminates

Epoxy composite laminates absorb moisture from the atmosphere via a diffusion controlled process and undergo changes in both mechanical properties and dimensional shapes. This paper reviews the nature of moisture absorption by epoxy composites and the resultant effects upon the laminate.
Mitigation of effects of harmful algal blooms.

Abstract: Harmful algal blooms (HABs), a phenomenon caused by the rapid growth and accumulation of certain microalgal species, have become a significant and recurring problem throughout the world. HABs have been associated with human illnesses through the contamination of fish and shellfish with a range of biotoxins. The economic impacts can be measured in the millions of dollars, severely affecting marine fisheries and aquaculture in many countries. Management strategies, therefore, are vital to minimize or prevent the health effects and financial losses associated with HABs. This chapter examines strategies for bloom mitigation, focusing on controlling the organisms. Some common methods will be reviewed, e.g. chemical control, and some new and emerging strategies will be presented and discussed.
The In-Group Rules

Bending the Rules . Morality in the Modern World from Relationships to Politics and War. By Robert A. Hinde, with contributions from Sir Joseph Rotblat . Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007. 287 pp. $29.95, £14.99. ISBN 9780199218974. Approaching morality from the perspective of behavioral and social development, Hinde explores the values people hold, the actions they actually take, and how they arrive at their positions.
gp130 cytokines stimulate proteasomal degradation of tyrosine hydroxylase via extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2

Injury-induced cytokines act through gp130 in sympathetic neurons to suppress expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and other genes associated with noradrenergic transmission. These cytokines also trigger the local loss of TH in peri-infarct sympathetic axons after myocardial infarction, but altered gene expression cannot explain the selective loss of TH enzyme in one region of the heart. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines, which are highest near the infarct, stimulated local degradation of TH protein. We used cultured sympathetic neurons and neuroblastoma cells to test this hypothesis. The cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) suppressed TH content in both neurons and neuroblastoma cells. CNTF suppressed TH in a gp130-dependent manner, and decreased the half-life of TH protein by approximately 50%. CNTF stimulated the ubiquitination of TH in both neurons and neuroblastoma cells, and the proteasome inhibitors MG-132 and lactacystin prevented the CNTF-induced loss of TH protein. Inhibiting activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1&2 (ERK1/2) with U0126 prevented the CNTF-induced ubiquitination of TH and the associated decrease in protein half-life. Likewise, inhibiting ERK1/2 activation blunted the cytokine-stimulated loss of TH protein in sympathetic neurons, despite enhancing the loss of TH mRNA. These data suggest that gp130 cytokines stimulate proteasomal degradation of TH through an ERK1/2 dependent pathway, and may have important implications for local regulation of neurotransmission at sites of inflammation.
Cultural Aspects of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

Culture influences thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in individuals, groups, and communities, and thus it can have a significant impact on illness behavior and the practice of health care. Culture can influence disease through a variety of mediating factors such as diet, smoking, use of alcohol and other drugs, activity levels, and compliance with medical management. Increasingly culturally competent medical practice is the goal for psychiatrists consulting to patients of diverse ethnic or cultural backgrounds (Bigby 2003; Tseng and Streltzer 2008), The consultation-liaison psychiatrist should not only be aware of cultural aspects of the assessment of the patient but also of the consultation process itself. This chapter elaborates broadly on cultural aspects of consultation-liaison service, including: the process of referral; the nature of the clinical problems; the interview; and clinical management and liaison work.
Bifurcation, Pattern Formation and Chaos in Combustion

Problems in gaseous combustion and in gasless condensed phase combustion are studied both analytically and numerically. In gaseous combustion we consider the problem of a flame stabilized on a line source of fuel. We find both stationary and pulsating axisymmetric solutions as well as stationary and pulsating cellular solutions. The pulsating cellular solutions take the form of either traveling waves or standing waves. Transitions between these patterns occur as parameters related to the curvature of the flame front and the Lewis number are varied. In gasless condensed phase combustion both planar and nonplanar problems are studied. For planar condensed phase combustion we consider two models: (i) accounts for melting and (ii) does not. Both models are shown to exhibit a transition from uniformly to pulsating propagating combustion when a parameter related to the activation energy is increased. Upon further increasing this parameter both models undergo a transition to chaos: (i) by intermittency and (ii) by a period doubling sequence. In nonplanar condensed phase combustion the nonlinear development of a branch of standing wave solutions is studied and is shown to lead to relaxation oscillations and subsequently to a transition to quasi-periodicity.
Administering Section 2 of the VRA After Shelby County

Until the Supreme Court put an end to it in Shelby County v. Holder, Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act was widely regarded as an effective, low-cost tool for blocking potentially discriminatory changes to election laws and administrative practices. The provision the Supreme Court left standing, Section 2, is generally seen as expensive, cumbersome and almost wholly ineffective at blocking changes before they take effect. This paper argues that the courts, in partnership with the Department of Justice, could reform Section 2 so that it fills much of the gap left by the Supreme Court’s evisceration of Section 5. The proposed reformation of Section 2 rests on two insights: first, that national survey data often contains as much or more information than precinct-level vote margins about the core factual matters in Section 2 cases; second, that the courts have authority to create rebuttable presumptions to regularize Section 2 adjudication. Section 2 cases currently turn on costly, case-specific estimates of voter preferences generated from precinct-level vote totals and demographic information. Judicial decisions provide little guidance about how future cases — each relying on data from a different set of elections — are likely to be resolved. By creating evidentiary presumptions whose application in any given case would be determined using national survey data and a common statistical model, the courts could greatly reduce the cost and uncertainty of Section 2 litigation. This approach would also end the dependence of vote-dilution claims on often-unreliable techniques of ecological inference, and would make coalitional claims brought jointly by two or more minority groups much easier to litigate.
A methodology for preventive maintenance analysis under transient response

As an effective strategy to reduce the number of system failures and to lower the overall maintenance cost, preventive maintenance has been studied intensively. However, almost all the past research focused on the analysis of the steady state system behavior. The inherent transient failure characteristics of a system have been overlooked. Based on our previous and ongoing research, a methodology for preventive maintenance analysis under transient response is presented in this paper. The approach consists of two major components: analytical models based on renewal theory that incorporate maintenance costs in formulating maintenance decision problem and numerical methods for solving the resulting differential and integral equations. Finally, simulation serves as the verification tool.
Numerical ranges, Poncelet curves, invariant measures☆

Abstract A class of closed algebraic curves (circuits) is considered. These circuits have the property of Poncelet quadrics. The circuits are generated by matrices which admit unitary bordering. The link between spectral properties of the matrices and geometrical properties of the circuits is studied.
Possible ecological and environmental significance of the predominance of even-carbon number C20-C30n-alkanes

Abstract Even-carbon number C 22 -C 28 n -alkanes, are present in higher concentrations than their C 21 -C 29 odd-carbon number homologs in an organic-rich rock of Mississippian ( ca . 310 × 10 6 -yr-old) age, which contains algae-like remnants. Environmental indicators associated with this organic-rich rock permitted environmental comparison with ancient and modern environments that contain n -alkanes which exhibit similar distributions. The results of these comparisons suggest that even-carbon number n -alkanes are preferentially produced in highly saline, carbonate environments where aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have subsisted on the remains of blue-green algae.
On the validity of the Boltzmann relaxation equation

Abstract A paper by Guenault and MacDonald, which shows that the “relaxation time approximation” is almost never consistent with the “master equation”, and which suggests that this approximation can seldom be used in transport theory with confidence, is criticized. It is shown that the “Boltzmann relaxation equation” (BRE) in fact is often a direct consequence of the master equation in the steady state. It is also pointed out that in those cases for which the BRE can be justified, the corresponding relaxation time is not generally sufficient in the Boltzmann transport equation if terms of higher order than the first in the applied field are desired.
Optoelectronic oscillator using an ultra-high finesse Fabry-Perot etalon as a photonic filter for low phase noise at high oscillating frequencies

A 100,000 finesse Fabry-Perot etalon with a 1.5 GHz free spectral range is used as a photonic filter in an optoelectorinc oscillator. The etalon acts as a ~15 kHz microwave filter to suppress spurious modes in a single loop OEO configuration. The etalon maintains its narrow filtering capability at harmonics of the FSR. Phase noise of the 10.5 GHz tone with 2 km of delay is measured at -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. Oscillation as high as 54 GHz with 3 km of fiber delay is achieved while maintaining suppression of spurious modes below the noise floor of the measurement. Pound-Drever-Hall frequency stabilization of the laser frequency is used to reduce optical frequency noise and keep the laser frequency centered within the etalon resonance for long term operation of the OEO.
Selection of a chemically defined medium for culturing adult newt forelimb regenerates.

Three commercially available tissue-culture media were evaluated for their ability to support continued growth and differentiation of 14-day regenerates of adult newt forelimbs. Serums, embryo extracts, egg ultrafiltrates, and antimicrobial agents were avoided in this analysis. The hormones insulin andl-thyroxine were added to these chemically defined media to enhance continued cellular metabolism and growth. The optimum conditions appeared to be cultivation at 25° C (pH 7.2 to 7.4) in media osmotically adjusted to conditions approximating amphibian blood values (i.e. 225 m0sm for 199, 244 m0sm for CMRL-1066, and 262 m0sm for L-15).
Novels are toys not bibles, but the child is mother to the woman

Synopsis As the women's movement grows up and starts to produce its own artefacts—in many media—it also produces problems for itself about how to regard these artefacts, both as ‘political polemic≐ and as cultural ideology. This article tries to raise some of these questions—about the use of symbols, images and patterns, and about feminist orthodoxy and the high expectations that feminists have of those artefacts that they wish to lay claim to. Concentrating on the medium of language and literature and with special reference to novels (because that is what the writer works in herself) it examines the possibilities, limitations and responsibilities of creating a new symbolic framework to supercede the phallocentric one on which almost all Western literature is, to date, based.
Design and FPGA implementation an accurate real time 3×4 MIMO channel emulator

The design and implementation of an accurate and low complexity MIMO channel emulator is presented in this paper. A mathematical analysis is used to verify the accuracy of the emulator over a wide range of SNRs (0 – 35 dBs). The complexity of the emulator is reduced by preprocessing of the channels and hardward/software partitioning. All 802.11n channel models can be emulated on our platform. A 3×4 10MHz version of the emulator is successfully running on a Virtex-II XC2V6000–4 FPGA. A 20MHz version was synthesized and simulated on an XC2V6000–6 FPGA.
Effects of contact with wood on blood pressure and subjective evaluation

This study examined the effects of contact with wood on the living human body using a physiological index and subjective evaluation. Consecutive blood pressure measurements were used as the physiological index, and sensory evaluation using the semantic differential (SD) method was used for subjective evaluation. Consideration was also given to cases in which materials were cooled and heated as well as kept at room temperature, to eliminate the effects of heat flux due to differences in thermal conductivity between wood and other materials. It was found that contact with wood produced coarse/natural sensations, with no associated increase in systolic blood pressure. Contact with cold wood created subjectively dangerous/uncomfortable but still coarse/natural sensations, also with no associated increase in blood pressure; therefore, there was no correspondence between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. Contact with aluminum kept at room temperature and cold acrylic plastic created flat/artificial and dangerous/uncomfortable sensations, with an associated significant increase in blood pressure; thus, there was a close correlation between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. It was therefore concluded that contact with wood, unlike artificial materials such as aluminum, induces no physiological stress even when kept at room temperature or cooled.
Ethnic Group and Temporal Influences of Social Norms: Smoking Behavior Among a Panel of Adolescents

This study tests the influence of ethnic group and temporal influences of descriptive and injunctive norms on adolescent smoking behavior. A panel of high school students (N = 1,607) completed a self-administered survey in the 9th grade and again in the 12th grade. Fixed effects hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the influence of descriptive and injunctive norms was greater at the 12th grade than at the 9th grade. While salient descriptive norms resulted in increased smoking at both data points, the strength of injunctive norms did not affect the amount of smoking in the 9th grade. Ethnic group moderated the relationship between descriptive norms and smoking, where Caucasian adolescents were more influenced than their African American counterparts.
Judging the Morality of Business Practices: The Influence of Personal Moral Philosophies

Individuals' moral judgments of certain business practices and their decisions to engage in those practices are influenced by their personal moral philosophies: (a) situationists advocate striving for the best consequences possible irrespective of moral maxims; (b) subjectivists reject moral guidelines and base judgments on personal values and practical concerns; (c) absolutists assume that actions are moral, provided they yield positive consequences and conform to moral rules; (d) exceptionists prefer to follow moral dictates but allow for exceptions for practical reasons. These variations, which are based on two fundamental dimensions (concern for principles and concern for promoting human welfare) influence a variety of moral processes and have implications for ethical debates over business practices.
Region-specific microdissection library and single-copy microclones for human chromosome 2p11-p13.

We report the construction and characterization of a region-specific microdissection library for human chromosome 2p11–p13. This library (designated 2P4 library) is large, comprising 600,000 recombinant microclones. Thirty to 40% of the clones contain unique sequences. The insert sizes range from 100 to 800 bp, with a mean of 380 bp. A subset of the microclones was selected, based on their weak or no hybridization to total human DNA, for further analysis. Of 50 single-copy microclones analyzed, 35 clones (70%) were derived from human and are chromosome 2-specific. The insert sizes and the hybridizing genomic HindIII fragments of these clones were also determined. The 2P4 microdissection library and the single-copy microclones from the library are useful in preparing STS (sequence-tagged site) to isolate corresponding YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) or other clones with large inserts and for isolating region-specific cDNA clones as candidate genes for cloning disease-related genes assigned to this region.
Glassy Dynamics, Cell Mechanics and Endothelial Permeability

A key feature of all inflammatory processes is disruption of the vascular endothelial barrier. Such disruption is initiated in part through active contraction of the cytoskeleton of the endothelial cell (EC). Because contractile forces are propagated from cell to cell across a great many cell-cell junctions, this contractile process is strongly cooperative and highly nonlocal. We show here that the characteristic length scale of propagation is modulated by agonists and antagonists that impact permeability of the endothelial barrier. In the presence of agonists including thrombin, histamine, and H2O2, force correlation length increases, whereas in the presence of antagonists including sphingosine-1-phosphate, hepatocyte growth factor, and the rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632, force correlation length decreases. Intercellular force chains and force clusters are also evident, both of which are reminiscent of soft glassy materials approaching a glass transition.
Two protostar candidates in the bright-rimmed dark cloud LDN 1206

The discovery of several near-infrared objects associated with two IRAS point sources in the LDN 1206 Region is repoerted. IRAS 22272+6358A is probably a protostar which is seen only in scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths because of heavy obscuration by an almost edge-on circumstellar disk. In contrast, IRAS 22272+6358B is directly visible at these wavelengths and is perhaps an object which lies between protostars and T Tauri stars in its evolution. Both direct and polarimetric K band images of the region are presented, as well as spectral energy distributions constructed from these JHKLL'M data and published far-infrared and millimeter data
Effects of incomplete superconducting condensation on electronic thermal conductivity at very low temperatures

Abstract We have computed the electronic thermal conductivity κ el ( T ) of an isotropic s -wave superconductor with nonmagnetic impurities and uncondensed quasiparticles. We find that, when the range of pairing interaction energy T d is comparable to T c , κ el ( T ) can be modified by uncondensed quasiparticles to exhibit, at very low T , a linear T behavior which crosses over to a T 2 behavior with increasing T . For weak-coupling superconductors in which the uncondensed quasiparticles are absent, κ el ( T ) recovers the usual activated T dependence.
Effect of morphine and naloxone on LH response and sexual behavior of rams (Ovis aries)

Effects of the opiate agonist, morphine, and antagonist, naloxone, on LH release, courtship behavior and ejaculation frequency of mature, sexually active or sexually inactive rams were investigated. Plasma LH concentrations were monitored from blood samples collected every 15 min for 10 hr (0800 to 1800 hr) from eight rams that were isolated from or in contact with estrous females. Plasma LH concentration was higher (P .05) courtship behavior (investigatory sniff, mount attempt, foreleg kick, flehmen, vocalization) but diminished (P .05) in seven sexually inactive rams before or after administration of naloxone. Investigatory sniffs by sexually active rams were increased (P<.03) after treatment with the opiate antagonist. Four of the seven sexually active rams had more ejaculations after naloxone compared with the pretreatment period, but mean ejaculation frequency after treatment did not differ (P=.31). Naloxone did not stimulate courtship behavior of sexually inactive males. These data suggest that the effect of opiates on sexual behavior and LH secretion depends upon the inherent level of sexual activity among rams.
11B NMR Analysis of Catalyst Solutions Obtained from Bis(boratabenzene)zirconium Dichloride Complexes and Methylaluminoxane

Boratabenzene complexes of the type [C5H5B-R]2ZrCl2 are activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) to form catalyst mixtures that polymerize (R = dialkylamino) or oligomerize (R = alkyl, alkoxy) ethylene. The selectivity for specific olefin products is influenced by the exocyclic substituent on the boratabenzene ring. When [C5H5B-OEt]2ZrCl2(1)/MAO is exposed to 1 atm of ethylene, α-olefins are produced in greater than 99% purity, while [C5H5B-Me]2ZrCl2(4)/MAO/C2H4 gives a mixture of α-olefins, internal olefins, and vinylidenes. Other catalysts, such as [C5H5B-OCH2Ph]2ZrCl2(2)/MAO and [C5H5B-OCy]2ZrCl2(3)/MAO, oligomerize ethylene with selectivities for α-olefin production that are between those of 1/MAO and 4/MAO. The isomerization and dimerization of 1-decene by 1−4 with MAO agree well with the ethylene data. More selective catalysts (1/MAO) exhibit slow rates of isomerization, while less selective catalysts (4/MAO) rapidly convert 1-decene to 2-decene and 2-octyl-1-dodecene. The presence of boron in the ancil...
Factors Affecting Extractability of Cholesterol from Lyophilized Sera by Cold Chloroform.

SummaryA study has been conducted on factors which affect the “readily extractable” cholesterol concentrations in serum. The results showed that (a) in general, REC values increased as triglyceride and cholesterol contents of the serum and chylomicra increased, but a notable exception was high REC values in nephrotic subjects in whom chylomicron contents of cholesterol and triglyceride were low, (b) addition of the sodium salts of long chain fatty acids to serum prior to lyophilization markedly increased cholesterol extractability, (c) addition of crystalline human serum albumin to sera with high REC concentrations markedly reduced REC values; the albumin also reduced REC concentration in most normal sera but in no case did it completely disappear, (d) traces of moisture in the chloroform used for the extraction had little or no effect on most sera with low REC concentration but markedly increased it in sera with high REC concentration. It is suggested that the concentration of non-albumin bound free fatt...
Effects of dietary fats, calcium, and phosphorus on rat serum alkaline phosphatases.

SummaryIncreased fat asborption led to increased lymph, total serum, and L-phenylalanine-sensitive “intestinal” alkaline phosphatases activities. Triolein, which is almost completely absorbed, increased the activity of this enzyme, whether ftd alone or in combination with tristearin or tripalmitin. Dietary levels of calcium or phosphorus had no effect on the total serum or “intestinal” alkaline phosphatase activities of normal, growing rats.
The recovery movement: defining evidence-based processes

Recently, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) launched its plan to transform the mental health care delivery system. The transformation document proposes major initiatives to build a coordinated care delivery system that is consumer/family oriented and evidence based (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2005). At the center of the transformation is the idea of recovery. There exists no universal definition of recovery, but it is most often depicted as a process where persons with serious mental illness reengage with life and, via new positive coping, experience a restoration of a sense of self and purpose in life (Anthony, Cohen, Farkas, & Cagne, 2002). A core message of recovery is that mental illnesses are treatable and persons with mental illness can lead meaningful lives in their environment of choice (Anthony et al., 2002). How has recovery emerged as such a pivotal process in the transformed system? The notion of recovery has intuitive appeal, consumer endorsement, and considerable support in longitudinal studies of the process. When SAMHSA framed the issue of reforming the mental health system, the agency stressed that transformation must be broad, involving not only practice innovation but also attitudes and belief change. There was recognition
Mercuric Bromphenol Blue Staining of Precipitin Lines in Agar

Lines formed by antibody-organ antigen reactions are stained particularly well by a modification utilizing the mercuric bromphenol blue (MBB) mixture of Mazia et al. (Biol. Bull., 104: 57-67, 1953). The agar covered slides are placed overnight in 0.85% NaCI at 4 C, followed by washing for 2 hr in 0.85% NaCI at 25 C. They are then rinsed for 10 min in distilled water, and dried overnight at 37 C. The precipitin lines are fixed by immersing the slides for 25 min in 95% alcohol, followed by 5 min hydration in distilled water. They are stained for 25 min in MBB mixture (HgCI2, 10 gm; bromphenol blue, 0.1 gm; 95% ethanol, 100 ml). Excess stain is removed by immersing in acidified alcohol (95% ethanol, 98 ml; glacial acetic acid, 2 ml). Finally, the slides are passed through alcohol and xylene, and resin-mounted under coverslips.
p53 as an intervention target for cancer and aging.

p53 is well known for suppressing tumors but could also affect other aging processes not associated with tumor suppression. As a transcription factor, p53 responds to a variety of stresses to either induce apoptosis (cell death) or cell cycle arrest (cell preservation) to suppress tumor development. Yet, the effect p53 has on the non-cancer aspects of aging is complicated and not well understood. On one side, p53 could induce cellular senescence or apoptosis to suppress cancer but as an unintended consequence enhance the aging process especially if these responses diminish stem and progenitor cell populations. But on the flip side, p53 could reduce growth and growth-related stress to enable cell survival and ultimately delay the aging process. A better understanding of diverse functions of p53 is essential to elucidate its influences on the aging process and the possibility of targeting p53 or p53 transcriptional targets to treat cancer and ameliorate general aging. Keywords: DNA damage; cell growth; cellular senescence; apoptosis; anaerobic glycolysis (Published: 8 October 2013) Citation: Pathobiology of Aging & Age-related Diseases 2013, 3 : 22702 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/pba.v3i0.22702
Familial aggregation of hypertension treatment and control in the genetic epidemiology network of arteriopathy (GENOA) study

Abstract Purpose To assess if the treatment and control of hypertension aggregates in families. Methods The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study enrolled sibships between 1997 and 1999, including 1329 hypertensive non-Hispanic blacks (1057 sibling pairs) from Jackson, Mississippi, 1133 hypertensive non-Hispanic whites (859 sibling pairs) from Rochester, Minnesota, and 752 hypertensive Hispanic whites (627 sibling pairs) from Starr County, Texas. Hypertension awareness and drug treatment were ascertained at examination; control was defined by blood pressure levels Results Overall, 90.5% of subjects were aware of their hypertension; 90.6% of those who were aware were treated with antihypertensive drugs and 56.0% of those treated had their hypertension controlled. There was statistically significant sib-sib concordance in the treatment of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 2.47; P = 0.003) and in the control of drug-treated hypertension (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.81; P Conclusion These findings suggest that the treatment and control of hypertension aggregates in families.
Religion and gender in a men's hospital and school of nursing, 1866-1969.

Objectives This article explores religious beliefs, practices, and representations of the Alexian Brothers, a religious order of Catholic nursing brothers, and the role of gender in this discourse. Background Nursing in the United States developed within a cultural framework of caring as part of women's roles in families and communities. Yet, a study of the Alexian Brothers challenges the dominance of the "female" in most gender analyses of nursing. Methods Historical methodology is used to evaluate and interpret data within the broader framework of historiographical literature on gender, religion, and nursing. In analyzing nursing, religion, and gender, attention has been paid to representations, mainly of women, through photographs and written literature. In this article, the same sources are used for men. Results The story of the Alexian Brothers and the men they educated is a testament to the power of gender and religion in nursing history. These men carved out a system of caring that recognized it as a responsibility not only of women but also of men. As they asserted that their paid work was a Christian calling, they renegotiated dominant notions of masculinity. In doing so, male nurses navigated among an array of representations, from nurse, to school administrator, to military soldier, to religious person, to professional practitioner of scientific medicine. These self-representations in the masculine spaces of the hospital and nursing school were designed to debunk stereotypes of feminine men, and they challenged traditional spatial boundaries.
Effects of the initial dislocation density on size effects in single-crystal magnesium

Abstract Single-crystal magnesium micropillars, ranging in diameter from approximately 600 nm to 10 μm, are fabricated using focused ion beam machining and are loaded in uniaxial compression along either the [0 0 0 1] or [ 2 3 ¯ 1 4 ] axis. The influence of initial dislocation density on size effects is investigated for compression along the [0 0 0 1] axis using two distinct initial dislocation densities. Separately, at fixed low dislocation density, the influence of orientation on size effects is examined by comparing compression along the [ 2 3 ¯ 1 4 ] and [0 0 0 1] directions. Our microcompression results show that decreasing the initial dislocation density results in a stronger size effect in terms of both increased strength and stochasticity with decreasing pillar size. Comparison with a probability-based model shows good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. Our results demonstrate that the properties of magnesium micropillars depend on the specimen diameter, the initial dislocation density and the orientation of the basal planes with respect to the loading axis.
Neogene tectonic and stratigraphic events in the Gulf of Suez rift area, Egypt

Abstract The Gulf of Suez Neogene (syn-rift) section contains at least five datable intra-basinal unconformities or stratigraphie hiatuses. These events and associated changes in sedimentary sequences seen in the basin can be related to changes in Suez rift subsidence, Miocene eustasy, and the tectonic effects of adjacent Red Sea and Dead Sea rifting. The first hiatus spans Oligocene to earliest Miocene time and separates syn-rift from pre-rift strata throughout the region. This erosional event resulted from regional emergence during the Oligocene and the initiation of Suez rifting. A second hiatus, from ~ 21-19 Ma, separates the poorly dated, shallow-marine Nukhul Formation of Aquitanian to early Burdigalian age from the overlying upper bathyal shales of the middle Burdigalian to Langhian (NN3–5) Rudeis Formation. This hiatus resulted from both a brief lowstand in early Burdigalian sea level and increased Suez rift-related tectonism. This event climaxed with the rapid tectonic subsidence that established deep-marine conditions by 19 Ma. A third major event occurs within the Rudeis at ~ 17 Ma (NN4, N7) and marks the initiation of uplift of I he rift shoulders and margins, and decelerated subsidence, or even minor uplift, in the axial trough. Hiatuses are seen over paleohighs e.g. tilted fault blocks, whereas coarse elastics are deposited in more basinal areas in submarine fans and as turbidites. A fourth unconformity, at ~ 14 Ma, separates the Middle Miocene Kareem Formation from overlying anhydrites and open marine shales of the Belayim Formation. Minor tectonic uplift throughout the Suez region resulted from this event, and a sill was established between the Mediterranean and Suez basins, allowing cyclic anhydrite-marl deposition from ~ 14 to 11 Ma. This “post-Kareem event” may be the sedimentary response to initiation of movement along the Dead Sea-Aqaba transform. A sharp drop in sea level at ~ 11 Ma restricted the Suez basin even more, and marked the initiation of massive halite precipitation in the central and southern Suez, well south of the sill area. A final major Neogene event occurs at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, and is marked by a major unconformity caused by tectonic uplift. This tectonic pulse is related to initiation of Red Sea sea-floor spreading, and acceleration of sinistral motion along the Dead Sea-Aqaba transform at ~ 5 Ma. This event establishes the marine connection with the Red Sea and the sedimentary environments seen in the Gulf of Suez today.
The effectiveness of appeals used in Cambodian and Vietnamese magazine ads

In this two-part study, a content analysis of advertisements published in Cambodian and Vietnamese magazines was first conducted to determine the kinds of advertising appeals (functional, individualistic, and collectivistic) that were most frequently employed. The findings indicated that across product types, the Cambodian ads contained more individualistic appeals. The Vietnamese ads, on the other hand, depicted more collectivistic and functional appeals. Next, an experiment was conducted to determine audience response to the use of three appeals in ads that promote four product types (informative, affective, habit-forming, and self-satisfaction). Vietnamese participants responded more positively to functional appeals across product types. They also preferred collectivistic rather than individualistic appeals for ads that promote habit-forming and self-satisfaction products. Cambodian consumers, on the other hand, registered more positive attitudes toward ads with individualistic and functional appeals.
Machine learning classification of cell-specific cardiac enhancers uncovers developmental subnetworks regulating progenitor cell division and cell fate specification

The Drosophila heart is composed of two distinct cell types, the contractile cardial cells (CCs) and the surrounding non-muscle pericardial cells (PCs), development of which is regulated by a network of conserved signaling molecules and transcription factors (TFs). Here, we used machine learning with array-based chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data and TF sequence motifs to computationally classify cell type-specific cardiac enhancers. Extensive testing of predicted enhancers at single-cell resolution revealed the added value of ChIP data for modeling cell type-specific activities. Furthermore, clustering the top-scoring classifier sequence features identified novel cardiac and cell type-specific regulatory motifs. For example, we found that the Myb motif learned by the classifier is crucial for CC activity, and the Myb TF acts in concert with two forkhead domain TFs and Polo kinase to regulate cardiac progenitor cell divisions. In addition, differential motif enrichment and cis-trans genetic studies revealed that the Notch signaling pathway TF Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] discriminates PC from CC enhancer activities. Collectively, these studies elucidate molecular pathways used in the regulatory decisions for proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells, implicate Su(H) in regulating cell fate decisions of these progenitors, and document the utility of enhancer modeling in uncovering developmental regulatory subnetworks.
Electrospun DNA nanofibers

The authors have electrospun fluorescently labeled DNA molecules into nanofibers with diameters of approximately 27nm. They were able to image the nanofibers via fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Fibers were deposited over prepatterned features such as electrodes and trenches, allowing future measurement and manipulation of the DNA nanofibers. As an example of such a measurement, they have used an atomic force microscope to measure the Young’s modulus of a single DNA nanofiber.
Hypothesized role of galactocerebroside and NKT cells in the etiology of multiple sclerosis

According to the molecular mimicry theory, multiple sclerosis (MS) develops when the immune system mistakenly attacks a component of the myelin sheath that is structurally similar to a foreign epitope. The glycolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) is a major component of myelin. As lipids comprise between 70% and 85% of myelin, glycolipids should be investigated as candidate autoantigens in MS. GalC displays broad structural similarities to the Borrelia burgdorferi glycolipid antigen BbGL-2 and to the Sphingomonas antigen GalAGSL. In principle, therefore, these bacteria may induce an autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath. GalC is also structurally similar to natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Further studies must be performed to clarify the role of GalC in the activation of NKT cells and the development of MS.
Single atom chemisorption on a bcc metal

Abstract The effect of chemisorption of a single atom on the (001) surface of a bcc metal is investigated via the Green's function and the phase shift techniques using the LCAO method and the tight-binding approximation. In particular, we obtain the change in the electronic density of states Δn due to two different binding sites, the on-site and the centered four-fold-site. For each site, the adatom energy level Ea is placed both inside and outside the band, and several adatom-substrate interaction strengths σ are considered. By varying these parameters we obtain a qualitative understanding of the effects on Δn due to either the adsorption of different atoms or a readjustment of Ea arising from a flow of charge onto or away from the adsorbed atom. We compare our results to previous studies of chemisorption on the (001) surface of an s-band simple cubic crystal and find that, although some details distinctive of the bcc metal arise, the overall qualitative features are the same.
Information retrieval in context

Today's search engines return a wide range of information from diverse sources with lightening speed. The information that is returned, however, is independent of who asked the question or the context in which the information need arose. Next generation search engines will make increasing use of context about the searcher, domain and tasks to dramatically change the search landscape.
A study of disjunctive reaction times

To decide what to do means to choose an appropriate response to a situation. In the simplest case, the situation may be one of several stimuli, to each of which there is a “correct response.” Other studies have indicated that the latency of the response is positively correlated with the number of stimuli from which the stimulus presented is selected, or more specifically, that the latency is approximately a linear function of the uncertainty (measured in information units) of the stimulus. The present study turns attention to possible neural models to explain such results and to account for the observed statistical distributions of reaction times associated with the recognition of the stimulus and with the decision to act.
Catalytic site‐specific inhibition of the 20S proteasome by 4‐hydroxynonenal

Abstract The proteasome is responsible for most intracellular protein degradation and is essential for cell survival. Previous research has shown that the proteasome can be inhibited by a number of oxidants, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The present study demonstrates that HNE rapidly inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome purified from liver. Subunits containing HNE-adducts were identified following 2D gel electrophoresis, Western immunoblotting, and analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. At a time when only the chymotrypsin-like activity was inhibited, the α6/C2 subunit was uniquely modified. These results provide important molecular details regarding the catalytic site-specific inhibition of proteasome by HNE.