cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic Intubation During Continuous Nasal Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Treatment of Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Endotracheal intubation is difficult in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure who deteriorate despite treatment with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Maintaining NIPPV during intubation may prevent alveolar derecruitment and deterioration in gas exchange. We report a case series of 10 nonconsecutive patients with NIPPV failure who were intubated via a flexible bronchoscope during nasal mask positive pressure ventilation. All 10 patients were intubated in the first attempt. Hypotension was the most frequent complication (33%). Mean decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation during the procedure was 4.7 ± 3.1. This method of intubation may extend the benefits of preoxygenation throughout the whole process of endotracheal intubation. It requires an experienced operator and partially cooperative patients. A prospective trial is necessary to determine the best intubation method for NIPPV failure.
FBP: A Frontier-Based Tree-Pruning Algorithm

A frontier-based tree-pruning algorithm (FBP) is proposed. The new method has an order of computational complexity comparable to cost-complexity pruning (CCP). Regarding tree pruning, it provides a full spectrum of information: namely, (1) given the value of the penalization parameter λ, it gives the decision tree specified by the complexity-penalization approach; (2) given the size of a decision tree, it provides the range of the penalization parameter λ, within which the complexity-penalization approach renders this tree size; (3) it finds the tree sizes that are inadmissible---no matter what the value of the penalty parameter is, the resulting tree based on a complexity-penalization framework will never have these sizes. Simulations on real data sets reveal a “surprise:” in the complexity-penalization approach, most of the tree sizes are inadmissible. FBP facilitates a more faithful implementation of cross validation (CV), which is favored by simulations. Using FBP, a stability analysis of CV is proposed.
Adolescent Mothers’ Perceptions of the Coparenting Relationship With Their Child’s Father: A Function of Attachment Security and Trust:

This study used data from 75 adolescent mothers to examine relations among adolescent mothers’ attachment avoidance and anxiety, their ability to trust their child’s father, and their perceptions of the quality of their coparenting relationship with their child’s father. Results suggest that mothers with lower avoidance had more trust for their child’s father and also had coparenting relationships characterized by less conflict and a stronger parenting alliance. Moreover, trust mediated the associations between mother’s avoidance and coparenting quality. In contrast, mothers’ attachment anxiety was not associated with trust for their child’s father or their perceptions of coparenting relationship quality. This study provides evidence that adolescent mothers’ relationship histories may play an important role in the quality of the coparenting relationship they have with their child’s father.
Quantifying Densities of Snowshoe Hares in Maine Using Pellet Plots

Abstract Population densities are costly and logistically infeasible to measure directly across the broad geographic ranges of many wildlife species. For snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), a keystone species in northern boreal forest, indirect approaches for estimating population densities based on fecal pellet densities have been developed for boreal forest in northwestern Canada and in conifer-dominated montane forest in Idaho. Previous authors cautioned against applying these estimates across the geographic range of hares without further testing, but no published relationships for estimating densities from pellet counts are available for the mixed conifer–deciduous forests of the southeastern portion of the hare's range in North America. Thus, we estimated pellet and hare densities in 12 forested stands, 4 sampled twice during 1981–1983 and 8 sampled once during 2000–2002. Mark–recapture estimated densities of snowshoe hares from eastern and western Maine during 1981–1983 were linearly related to pelle...
An Institutional Approach to Collective Action: Evidence from Faith-Based Latino Mobilization in the 2006 Immigrant Rights Protests

This article proposes an institutional approach to political engagement that reorients inquiry from individual characteristics and social capital to organizational contexts and the institutional practices that shape how members interpret political opportunities. Using data from the 2006 Pew Changing Faiths Survey, I draw from the case of faith-based Latino mobilization into the 2006 immigrant rights protests to show that the impact of organizational participation on protest depends on institutional practices that define, focus, and direct member interests. I apply this argument to two relevant types of institutionally defined social capital: ethnic and religious. In the case of ethnic social capital, I find that ethnic church attendance amplified Hispanic national origin differences in protest rates in a manner consistent with differential treatment under U.S. immigration policy. In the case of religious social capital, I find that active religious involvement only increased the likelihood of protest when churches institutionally supported protest. Together, these findings suggest that a key mechanism linking nonpolitical organizations to protest is their ability to define and direct collective interest through institutional practices.
Abstract 236: Reduced Epigastric Artery Reactivity in a Non-Modulator Phenotype of Human Hypertension

In normal and modulator hypertensive individuals sodium intake modifies plasma levels and target tissue response to ANG II. This sodium-mediated modulation is defective in 25-30% of the hypertensive population, termed non-modulators. Non-modulators have insulin resistance (IR), abnormal renal function, polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes, increased tissue levels of ANG II particularly during liberal dietary sodium intake, and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) damage. We hypothesized that the increased risk of CV damage in non-modulators reflects abnormalities in vascular function. Male hypertensive subjects were placed on restricted salt diet 10 mmol/day for 7 days and phenotyped as modulators (PRA 8.7 ng/ml/hr, HOMA-IR 1.0, ALDO 18.85 ng/dl, n=4, age ≈48) and non-modulators (PRA 8.8 ng/ml/hr, HOMA-IR 1.7, ALDO 8.52 ng/dl, n=3, age ≈60). The subjects were then placed on liberal salt diet (HS, 200 mmol/day for 7 days), BP was measured, then underwent subcutaneous surgery to isolate the superficial inferior epigastric artery for ex vivo vascular function studies. Systolic BP was 144.8 in modulators and 142.0 mmHg in non-modulators. Diastolic BP was 88.5 in modulators and 87.3 mmHg in non-modulators. In epigastric arteries, contraction to ANG II, phenylephrine (Phe), and KCl was less in non-modulators (0.24, 0.56, and 0.53) than in modulators (0.8, 1.43, and 1.1 g/mg tissue). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was not different between non-modulators (22.1) and modulators (22.6%). Bradykinin caused larger endothelium-dependent relaxation than ACh, but was still not different in non-modulators (57.8) vs. modulators (46.3%). In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxation to the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside was reduced in non-modulators (64.2) vs. modulators (92.5%). The reduced vascular responsiveness to ANG II in non-modulators is consistent with increased vascular tissue RAAS activity, and desensitization to ANG II. The reduced vascular reactivity to the vasoconstrictors Phe and KCl and the vasodilator NO donors is consistent with vascular smooth muscle dysfunction and may explain the increased risk of CV damage in non-modulators during HS dietary intake.
The Smad5 Gene Is Involved in the Intracellular Signaling Pathways That Mediate the Inhibitory Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on Human Hematopoiesis

Signals from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a bifunctional regulator of the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, have been recently shown to be transduced by five novel human genes related to a Drosophila gene termed MAD (mothers against the decapentaplegic gene). We showed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that the RNA from one homologue gene, Smad5, was present in the immortalized myeloid leukemia cell lines, KG1 and HL60, in bone marrow mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, as well as in purified CD34+ bone marrow cells. Therefore, we studied the role of this gene in the regulation of human hematopoiesis by TGF-beta. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 significantly inhibited myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and multilineage colony formation as assayed in semisolid culture systems. The levels of Smad5 mRNA in CD34+ cells were decreased by antisense but not sense oligonucleotides to Smad5. Preincubation of CD34+ marrow cells with two sense oligonucleotides to Smad5 did not reverse the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on hematopoietic colony formation. However, preincubation with two antisense oligonucleotides to Smad5 reversed the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta. These data show that the Smad5 gene is involved in the signaling pathway by which TGF-beta inhibits primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and that Smad5 antisense oligonucleotides can interrupt this signal.
Security Analysis and Key Modification for ZHFE

ZHFE, designed by Porras et al., is one of the few promising candidates for a multivariate public-key encryption algorithm. In this article we extend and expound upon the existing security analysis on this scheme. We prove security against differential adversaries, complementing a more accurate and robust discussion of resistance to rank and algebraic attacks. We further suggest a modification, $$ZHFE^-$$, a multivariate encryption scheme which retains the security and performance properties of ZHFE while optimizing key size in this theoretical framework.
EFFECT OF PROCESS AND MATERIAL PARAMETERS ON INTERLAYER PEEL STRENGTH IN COEXTRUSION COATING, FILM CASTING AND FILM BLOWING

Peel strength between layers in coextruded cast film and extrusion coating is found to increase with increasing process time, defined as the time between the die exit and when the polymer is quenched. The results suggest that adhesion is limited by the time and temperature available for bonding after new interfacial area is created during drawing. This contrasts with previous work in blown film where increases in peel strength with process time were attributed primarily to stress effects. The results from both processes, however, were found to collapse onto a single master curve by multiplying the peel strength by a function of the tie resin modulus and dividing the process time by the tie resin relaxation time.
Al-Ghazali on Necessary Causality in the Incoherence of the Philosophers

Etude de la conception de la causalite developpee par Al-Ghazali dans son ouvrage intitule «L'incoherence des philosophes». Soulevant la question d'un rejet complet de la necessite de la causalite chez le philosophe arabe du Moyen-Age, l'A. se demande si la position d'Al-Ghazali implique la these de l'occasionnalisme et la compare au scepticisme de Hume
Use of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA): Glass transitions of a cracker and its dough

A Mark III DMTA (Polymer Laboratories, Loughborough, U.K.) was used to measure the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of a commercial cracker and its dough, each equilibrated to various water activities covering a range of 0.11–0.75 for the cracker and 0.11–0.90 for the cracker dough. DMTA measures the change in the elastic modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″), as well as that in tanδ (E″/E′), with temperature. The change in the elastic modulus with temperature for the two systems followed a pattern similar to that found for complex food polymers (gluten, amylopectin), withTg decreasing as moisture content increased. Baking did not change the location of the glass transition curve (Tgvs. moisture content); i.e. the curves for raw dough and baked finished product were somewhat superimposable, and similar to the published gluten curve, indicating that for this type of cracker containing ∼5% sugars, the protein fraction is most responsible for theTg curve.
Reduction of Preanalytical Variability in Specimen Procurement for Molecular Profiling

Despite the tremendous perceived value, and the predicted high abundance, of disease-associated tissue biomarkers, the number of biomarkers that have been validated for routine clinical use is very low. The major roadblock has been the sample-to-sample variability and perishability of biomolecules in tissue. A chief source of variability is biomolecule perturbation caused by sample handling, the time delays following procurement, and the method of preservation. Living tissue that has been separated from its blood supply during surgical procurement goes through defined stages of reactive changes preceding death, beginning with oxidative, hypoxic, and metabolic stress. These reactive fluctuations in the tissue biomolecules can occur within 20 min postexcision, and can significantly distort the levels of critical diagnostic and prognostic biomolecules. Depending on the delay time ex vivo, and manner of handling, protein biomarkers such as signal pathway phosphoproteins will be elevated or suppressed in a manner that does not represent the biomarker levels at the time of excision. Based on analysis of phosphoproteins, one of the most labile tissue protein biomarkers, we set forth tissue procurement guidelines for clinical research. We further propose the future use of a multipurpose fixative solution designed to stabilize, preserve and maintain proteins, nucleic acids, and tissue architecture.
Use of Partial Nephrectomy after Acquisition of a Surgical Robot: A Population Based Study

Abstract Introduction The advent of robotics may promote the dissemination of partial nephrectomy, and allow patients to experience survival and functional benefits compared to radical nephrectomy. Therefore, we assessed the impact of hospital acquisition of a robotic surgery platform on the rate of partial nephrectomy recorded in a nationwide database. Methods We identified 53,364 patients with a diagnosis of localized renal cell carcinoma who underwent extirpative surgery from 2006 to 2012 using the Perspective database. Procedures were categorized based on extent of surgery (radical nephrectomy vs partial nephrectomy), approach (open, laparoscopic, robotic) and hospital ownership of a surgical robot. Changes in the proportion of partial nephrectomies performed over time and the effect of acquiring a surgical robot on the proportion of partial nephrectomies performed were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Results Overall 40,147 (75.2%) radical nephrectomies and 13,217 (24.8%) partial nephrectomies were performed between 2006 and 2012. The proportion of hospitals using a surgical robot for renal cancer surgery increased from 1.8% in the first quarter of 2006 to 47.7% by the end of 2012. Partial nephrectomy use ranged from 19.1% to 31.2%. More robotic hospitals performed partial nephrectomy than nonrobotic hospitals (29.6% vs 18.0%, p Conclusions While laparoscopic partial nephrectomy remains a challenging operation, this study demonstrates that hospital ownership of a surgical robot is associated with increased use of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of localized renal masses.
Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution

(1972). Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 6, No. 2-3, pp. 178-180.
Community Perspectives in Medicine: Elective for First-Year Medical Students.

Abstract Introduction Recently, stories depicting social injustices and inequities have gripped the US, leading to protests and other demonstrations of student activism. In response to current even...
AnimalWatch: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Algebra Readiness

The AnimalWatch tutoring system provides students with instruction in algebra readiness problem solving, including basic computation, fractions, variables and expressions, basic statistics and simple geometry. Students solve word problems that include authentic environmental science content, and can access a range of multimedia resources that provide instructional scaffolding, such as video lessons and worked examples. Because providing learners with choices is associated with enhanced motivation, AnimalWatch is designed to allow students to decide what science topic they would like to learn about, and when they would like to navigate between different modules in the system. Several evaluation studies in classroom settings have found positive effects of AnimalWatch on study-specific measures of problem solving. Benefits have been strongest for students who are struggling in math, suggesting that technology-based learning can be especially effective for this population.
Pleasure and guilt: how do they interplay in luxury consumption?

Purpose This paper aims to examine, building upon affect balance theory, whether the two modes of luxury consumption, conspicuous consumption (CC) and style consumption (SC), trigger consumers’ mixed emotions of pleasure and guilt and whether the mixed emotions interactively as well as independently influence consumer loyalty to repurchase luxury. Design/methodology/approach Using an online survey and seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) analysis, the authors test the hypotheses and assess the parallel (double) mediation effects of pleasure and guilt on the relationships between luxury consumption and repurchase intention. Findings The authors confirm the relationships between CC and pleasure (+), between SC and pleasure (+), between CC and guilt (+) and between SC and guilt (−); the independent effects of pleasure (+) and guilt (−) on repurchase intention (RI); and the interaction effect of pleasure and guilt on RI (+). The authors further demonstrate that both pleasure and guilt mediate the relationship between CC and RI, whereas only pleasure mediates the relationship between SC and RI. Research limitations/implications Future researchers may consider possible mixed emotions other than pleasure and guilt and further explore the dynamics between mixed consumer emotions and consumer loyalty in diverse consumption contexts. Practical implications The authors suggest luxury marketers to reduce consumer guilt by promoting SC and by maximizing consumer pleasure, which will lead to greater repurchase intention. Originality/value Prior research focused on either the positive or negative side of consumer emotion. The authors fill in the research void by examining whether mixed emotions coexist in luxury consumption and how they interplay and influence consumer loyalty.
Assessment of Different Discrete Particle Methods Ability To Predict Gas-Particle Flow in a Small-Scale Fluidized Bed

Several discrete particle methods exist in the open literature to simulate fluidized bed systems, such as discrete element method (DEM), time-driven hard sphere (TDHS), coarse-grained particle method (CGPM), coarse grained hard sphere (CGHS), and multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC). The main difference between these methods is in the treatment of particle–particle interactions: by calculating collision forces (DEM and CGPM), using momentum conservation laws (TDHS and CGHS), or based on the particle stress model (MP-PIC). Here, these methods are compared by simulating the same small-scale fluidized bed with the same open-source code MFIX. The results indicate that both modeling the particle–particle collision by TDHS and lumping a few particles in a parcel increase the computation speed with little loss in accuracy. However, the MP-PIC method predicts an unphysical particle–particle overlap, which results in incorrect overall bed hydrodynamics. These results suggest using the CGHS method for fluidized bed...
Dynamic strain localization in magnesium alloy AZ31B-O

Abstract The high strain-rate behavior of annealed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy is explored using an electromagnetically driven expanding ring experiment. Two variants are considered, one in which the magnesium specimen is heated by the Joule effect as it carries a large current, and another in which a copper pusher ring is used to carry the current, leaving the magnesium specimen unheated. The results indicate that the onset of dynamic strain localization is not influenced significantly by the strain-rate or the Joule heating. The initial expansion is interpreted in terms of a simple one dimensional model of ring expansion; this indicates that a power-law strain hardening model can describe the material response adequately. The formation of fragments is analyzed subsequently using Mott’s probabilistic model for fragmentation as well as through direct numerical simulations. It is found that the left tail of the flaw distribution is the most important part in dictating the formation of fragments.
Predicting long-term cognitive outcome following breast cancer with pre-treatment resting state fMRI and random forest machine learning

We aimed to determine if resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquired at pre-treatment baseline could accurately predict breast cancer-related cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up. We evaluated 31 patients with breast cancer (age 34-65) prior to any treatment, post-chemotherapy and 1 year later. Cognitive testing scores were normalized based on data obtained from 43 healthy female controls and then used to categorize patients as impaired or not based on longitudinal changes. We measured clustering coefficient, a measure of local connectivity, by applying graph theory to baseline resting state fMRI and entered these metrics along with relevant patient-related and medical variables into random forest classification. Incidence of cognitive impairment at 1 year follow-up was 55% and was predicted by classification algorithms with up to 100% accuracy (p < 0.0001). The neuroimaging-based model was significantly more accurate than a model involving patient-related and medical variables (p = 0.005). Hub regions belonging to several distinct functional networks were the most important predictors of cognitive outcome. Characteristics of these hubs indicated potential spread of brain injury from default mode to other networks over time. These findings suggest that resting state fMRI is a promising tool for predicting future cognitive impairment associated with breast cancer. This information could inform treatment decision making by identifying patients at highest risk for long-term cognitive impairment.
Regression for Binary and Count Data

Traditional uni- or multivariable linear regression assumes a normally distributed response centered at a linear function of the predictors. For example, in regression with a single predictor, the response y i is modeled as normal N (β 0 +β 1 x i ,σ 2), where the expectation (conditional on covariate x i ) is a linear function of xi.
The frontline of refusal: indigenous women warriors of standing rock

AbstractIndigenous women stand in solidarity on the frontline of refusal, protecting their ancestral homelands and their ways of life across North America and beyond. The Indigenous stand-off at Standing Rock in opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline inspires this photo series of vignettes where Indigenous voices accompany images of Indigenous women in their battle as frontline water protectors. The intention of these vignettes is to share the intimacy of Indigenous experiences on the frontline that challenge perceptions of Indigenous women and instead situate them as warriors of wellness in the face of violence. The frontline in this reality represents the contested space where Indigenous people gather to refuse settler-colonial violence against Mother Earth, territorial lands, and Indigenous Peoples. Through the photo essay, we observe how Indigenous women reclaim identity through language revitalization, commitment to original instruction, and the right to visibility. Indigenous women define their mi...
Agronomic and Economic Effects of Two Enhanced-Efficiency Urea Fertilizer Technologies on Southern Great Plains Winter Wheat

In no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems of the US Southern Great Plains, urea fertilizer is commonly surface broadcast and producers rely on unpredictable precipitation in dryland conditions for incorporation into the soil. Several enhanced-efficiency fertilizer technologies are designed to reduce N loss in this scenario, though there are not published reports on evaluations of these in regional wheat systems. Here we report on an evaluation of two enhanced-efficiency fertilizer technologies, polymer-coated urea (PCU) and urease/nitrification inhibitor-stabilized urea (SU), which were compared to untreated urea at different application rates (0, 31.5, and 70 kg N ha–¹) and timings (at-planting and split) in two locations differing in soil type (clay loam and loamy fine sand). The fertilizer was broadcast, except for PCU, which was drilled in-row. The greatest yield was observed with a high at-planting rate of SU, where yield was 26% greater than with untreated urea and 34% greater than with no fertilizer. Yield improvement with SU was associated with greater grain N uptake efficiency and protein content. The high SU rate brought higher net profits than untreated urea at all price points analyzed and surpassed the no-fertilizer control as price increased. As might be expected with seed placement, there was substantial crop damage at the high rate of PCU, but even minor damage at the lower rate. The results suggest that a safe seed-placed rate for PCU in wheat in this environment is somewhat lower than 30 kg N ha–¹. No benefit was observed in splitting the N application.
In Vitro Manipulation of Slash Pine (Pinus Elliottii)

Slash pine is being developed as a model system for the study of genetic and biochemical manipulation in southern conifers. Slash pine is of tremendous economic importance to the southeastern United States, and has been the subject of intensive tree improvement efforts. The species is amenable to standard cotyledonary micropropagation techniques and to protoplast isolation and culture (as yet only to first-division stage) . Suspension cultures have been established and have a doubling time of four to six days. Cultures are green (contain chlorophyll) and possess RuBPCarboxylase (as determined by electrophoresis and immunoassay). Cell wall-bound and cytoplasmic peroxidases have been isolated and partially characterized for guaiacol oxidase, IAA oxidase, and syringaldazine oxidase activities. Studies on photosynthesis and heat shock response in culture are underway.
A History of Pest Control

The organisms that disturbed prehistoric man’s nomadic hunting-gathering life-style must have been few. As humans of this period grew no crops and had no permanent homes and few possessions, we can imagine that their pest problems would have been limited to those organisms, such as lice, fleas, flies, and mosquitoes, that caused people physical discomfort. Prehistoric control of these pests—picking, slapping, and squashing— could hardly be called a science.
Rabbit factor VIII: identification of size heterogeneity

Two forms of rabbit factor VIII procoagulant activity, distinguishable by size on gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, have been identified in normal rabbit plasma. These studies have been carried out with citrate-anticoagulated rabbit plasma obtained by cardiac puncture. Two peaks of factor VIII activity were obtained on agarose gel chromatography, using physiologic ionic strength buffers: a high molecular weight peak eluting at the void volume and a second peak eluting with smaller plasma proteins. The presence of high and low molecular weight factor VIII activities was confirmed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The two peaks of factor VIII activity remained distinct when proteolytic inhibitors were added to the plasma and eluting buffers. Both the high and low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant activities were inhibited by antibodies to human and rabbit factor VIII, and both were activated by thrombin. The identification of size heterogeneity of factor VIII in normal rabbit plasma, in the absence of any modification by ionic strength, may permit more satisfactory study of the relationship of factor VIII size to function.
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER SYSTEMS: IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Approximation methods for functional and partial differential equations are discussed in the context of parameter identification and optimal control problems. Theoretical and numerical results are presented.
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: global perspective and emerging science.

Alcohol and high-fat diet are two major risk factors responsible for metabolic diseases, which are manifested as steatohepatitis and liver cancer in the liver, and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the pancreas. These metabolic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent around the globe, and more importantly, their two major etiologies commonly coexist to precipitate the disease processes. To highlight the importance of these metabolic diseases, Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) and National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse of National Institute of Health cosponsored the JSGE’s 7th International Forum jointly held with the 12th International Symposium on ALPD and Cirrhosis. Toward the main theme of “Frontiers in ASH, NASH, NBNC-HCC and PDAC”, this platform showcased presentations by 12 invited international and Japanese speakers on brain–gut–liver interactions, emerging mechanisms of ASH and NASH, metabolic reprogramming, and new therapeutic targets for cirrhosis, HCC, and PDAC. This editorial discusses the most recent data on global statistics on how alcohol and obesity impact health and longevity as a prelude to a brief summary of the symposium presentations and discussions, primarily focusing on the first two session themes.
A Qualitative Study Examining Stakeholder Perspectives of a Local Child Abuse Program in Community Emergency Departments.

Abstract Objective Emergency department (ED) providers may fail to recognize or report child abuse and/or neglect (CAN). To improve recognition and reporting, we designed the Community ED CAN Program, in which teams of local clinicians (nurses, physicians, physician assistants) received training in CAN and 1) disseminated evidence-based education; 2) provided consultation, case follow-up, and access to specialists; and 3) facilitated multidisciplinary case review. The aims of this study were to understand the Program's strengths andchallenges and to explore factors that influenced implementation. Methods We used a qualitative research design with semistructured, one-on-one interviews to understand key stakeholders' perspectives of the Community ED CAN Program. We interviewed 27 stakeholders at 3 community hospitals and 1 academic medical center. Researchers analyzed transcribed data using constant comparative method of grounded theory and developed themes. Results Program strengths included 1) comfort in seeking help from local champions, 2) access to CAN experts, 3) increased CAN education/awareness, and 4) improved networks and communication. Facilitators of implementation included: 1) leadership support, 2) engaged local champions and external change agents (eg, CAN experts), 3) positive attributes of the champions, and 4) implementation flexibility. Program challenges/barriers to implementation included 1) variability of institutional support for the champions and 2) variability in awareness about the program. Conclusions A Community ED CAN Program has the potential to improve recognition and reporting of CAN. Key steps to facilitate implementation include the identification of committed local champions, strong leadership support, connections to experts, program publicity, and support of the champions' time.
Use of multiple methods to measure impact of a centralized call center on academic health system community pharmacies

Purpose The process and methods used in an impact assessment of a centralized pharmacy call center on community pharmacy employee patient safety climate perceptions, telephone distractions/interruptions, and prescription filling efficiency are described. Summary A broad-based team designed a multi-faceted, pre-post call center implementation analysis that included multiple change assessment measures. First, yearly administration of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Community Pharmacy Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to assess patient safety climate based on employee perceptions of a safe working environment and potential for errors due to interruptions and distractions. Evaluative measures of staff workload that assessed telephone interference with prescription filling activities pre and 3 months post implementation included (1) the NASA Task Load Index, (2) multi-tasking observations through shadowing of pharmacists and technicians to count number of interruptions/distractions per prescription "touched," and (3) self-reported work sampling to assess proportional time estimates of clinical, professional, and technical activities. Finally, pharmacy efficiency and prescription filling capacity were assessed using operational measures (prescriptions filled, patients served, phone call volume changes, prescription rework counting). Data analysis included summary statistics, Student's t-test, and chi-square analysis, as appropriate, in addition to assessing convergence and agreement among measures. Every evaluative method showed a positive outcome from call center implementation, although individual pharmacies may have accrued greater benefit from call reduction than others. Conclusion Multiple analysis methods can be used to evaluate the impact of workflow changes.
Distribution of Light Radiance Reflected from the Sea Illuminated by the Sun with Shadow: Algorithm, Program, and Examples,

Abstract : Detailed, quantitative interpretations of images require data about the angular distribution of light reflected from a shadowed sea. This report demonstrates the solution of the two-dimensional radiative transfer problem for the sea shadowed by an opaque body such as a pier. The solution to the problem requires two different theoretical approaches. The solution for the depth dependence of light radiance is obtained using the theory of Green's functions. The solution to the problem in horizontal direction is obtained with the one-dimensional Fourier transform method. The algorithm used in this report is based on the analytical solution to the spatially two-dimensional (Cartesian coordinates x and z) scalar radiative transfer equation in seawater. The Ox axis starts on the sea surface in the center of the opaque shadow (pier) and increases towards the sun in the direction orthogonal to the axis of the pier. The Oz axis increases down to the sea bottom.
Selective Electrochemical Capture and Release of Heparin Based on Amine-Functionalized Carbon/Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays

Heparin (HEP) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is a clinical anticoagulant agent. Commercially derived from porcine intestinal mucosa, HEP is challenging to separate from this complex biologica...
Treatment-Related Decisions in Malignant Gliomas: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Glioma patients make frequent decisions regarding treatment and end-of-life care despite cognitive limitations. We evaluated the feasibility of incorporating the Macarthur Competence As...
Working capital management: Financial and valuation impacts

Abstract This paper examines the longitudinal impact from 1990 to 2017 of continuous improvement programs and aggressive working capital practices on accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, days payables outstanding, and cash conversion cycle. We find statistically significant shifts in the means and in the skew for these variables consistent with stricter financial management and less risk taking in trade credit. The results are strongest in the transportation and communications industry and weakest in financial services. These metrics are associated with equity valuation impacts and with improved profitability as captured by return on invested capital.
Review: On Accident: Episodes in Architecture and Landscape, by Edward Eigen

Edward Eigen On Accident: Episodes in Architecture and Landscape Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2018, 408 pp., 65 b/w illus., $26.95 (paper), ISBN 9780262534840 At face value, On Accident , an extraordinary book of historiographic essays by Edward Eigen, offers, as the subtitle contends, twelve “episodes in architecture and landscape.” An assessment might therefore be expected to follow the usual route and evaluate the content of each case study while pausing occasionally to quibble with a fact here, an interpretation there. The modest subtitle, however, obscures a larger ambition that emerges from the composition as a whole. Through a facility with language and a delightful command of detail, Eigen stages a dozen scenarios that demonstrate how we come to understand what it is we think we know. The discussion might engage the periodicity of the weather or the appropriate wood for use in rafters, yet each essay asks the reader to reflect on the limits of knowledge. In an era when access to information and its demonstrable utility are often mistaken for erudition, this …
Polyimide-based Nanocomposites as Low-Temperature Dielectrics

Introducing nanomaterials into a polymer can drastically change the properties of the host material. The resulting nanocomposites often possess new characteristics and can be used in an expanded range of applications. In this study, polyimide (PI) nanocomposites embedded with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were fabricated using two different approaches: a sol-gel process that involves chemical reactions and a physical mixing process. The distribution of the SiO2 nanoparticle in the resulting samples was inspected with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the sol-gel process produced uniformly distributed nanoparticles in the host polymer while the direct mixing process resulted in nanoparticle agglomeration. The dielectric performance of the sol-gel films was evaluated using high-voltage DC breakdown testing. The structure around the breakdown point was inspected by the SEM. The dielectric strengths of the nanocomposites, with 4 wt.% and 10 wt.% SiO2 contents, were obtained at 300 K and 164 K. This preliminary investigation shows that the PI-based nanocomposites are promising candidates as low-temperature dielectrics. Further research into this subject matter can bring additional benefits into PI-based nanocomposites for many other applications.
Challenges in the interpretation and application of typical imaging features of COVID-19.

Author(s): Hammer, Mark M; Raptis, Constantine A; Henry, Travis S; Shah, Amar; Bhalla, Sanjeev; Hope, Michael D
Multi-class imbalanced big data classification on Spark

Abstract Despite more than two decades of progress, learning from imbalanced data is still considered as one of the contemporary challenges in machine learning. This has been further complicated by the advent of the big data era, where popular algorithms dedicated to alleviating the class skew impact are no longer feasible due to the volume of datasets. Additionally, most of existing algorithms focus on binary imbalanced problems, where majority and minority classes are well-defined. Multi-class imbalanced data poses further challenges as the relationship between classes is much more complex and simple decomposition into a number of binary problems leads to a significant loss of information. In this paper, we propose the first compound framework for dealing with multi-class big data problems, addressing at the same time the existence of multiple classes and high volumes of data. We propose to analyze the instance-level difficulties in each class, leading to understanding what causes learning difficulties. We embed this information in popular resampling algorithms which allows for informative balancing of multiple classes. We propose an efficient implementation of the discussed algorithm on Apache Spark, including a novel version of SMOTE that overcomes spatial limitations in distributed environments of its predecessor. Extensive experimental study shows that using instance-level information significantly improves learning from multi-class imbalanced big data. Our framework can be downloaded from https://github.com/fsleeman/minority-type-imbalanced .
Subduction accretion, thermal overprinting, and exhumation of high-pressure/low-temperature metasedimentary rocks of the south-central brooks range

Lithological, petrological and structural observations and measurements of graphite thermometry, Si-in-phengite barometry, and 40Ar/39Ar phengite thermochronology were performed along two transects...
Brain Waste? Educated Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market

The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications.
The12C+12C→α+20Ne reaction mechanism and angular-momentum effects

The reaction12C+12C→α+20Ne was studied in the energy range of 45 to 52 MeV. Energy spectra were obtained and compared. Excitation functions for the first three levels in20Ne, recorded in the energy range of 48 to 52.2 MeV, exhibited strong fluctuations, but also average cross-sections larger than those expected by the 2I+1 rule. Angular distributions to levels up to 13.33 MeV excitation were obtained. For some states, with (8p-4h) configuration in particular, they exhibited direct-transfer characteristics. High-spin states showed spin- and configuration-independent distributions. Evidence for a 10+-state in24Mg at 39 MeV excitation is reported. It is inferred that the reaction proceeds via direct-transfer (or doorway state) and compound-nucleus mechanisms with the compound-system contribution being about 25% to 50%. The existence of critical angular momenta in the formation of the compound nucleus24Mg is observed and discussed.
External validity of physical activity interventions for community-dwelling older adults with fall risk: a quantitative systematic literature review.

mcmahon s. & fleury j. (2012) External validity of physical activity interventions for community-dwelling older adults with fall risk: a quantitative systematic literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing00(0), 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05974.x ABSTRACT: Aim. To appraise the external validity of physical activity interventions designed to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults, using the reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework. Background. Falls are a globally common, important, and a preventable problem. The efficacy of physical activity interventions to reduce falls among older adults is well established. Translation of this research into practice is slow as evidenced by persistently low proportions of older adults who engage in physical activities and the rising incidence of falls. Data sources. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000-2010. Studies that examined the effects of physical activity interventions designed to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults were included in this review (n = 46). Design. This was a quantitative systematic review with narrative synthesis. The reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework guided the identification, appraisal, and synthesis of indicators representing study validity. Results. The majority of studies in this review described indicators representing internal validity. Details about indicators representing external validity were reported infrequently, limiting the generalizability of fall-preventive physical activity interventions in diverse cultures and social contexts over time. Conclusions. To foster translational research in real world settings, additional programmatic intervention research is needed that: (i) targets diverse populations; (ii) incorporates theories of behavioural change; (iii) describes and operationalizes critical content that enables replication and translation; (iv) tests innovative measures of fall risk and physical activity; and (v) evaluates feasibility and acceptability. Language: en
Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavities on a chip

We demonstrate microfabrication of ultra-high-Q microcavities on a chip, exhibiting a novel toroid-shaped geometry. The cavities possess Q-factors in excess of 100 million which constitutes an improvement close to 4 orders-of-magnitude in Q compared to previous work [B. Gayral, et al., 1999].
Activity Outcomes for Assisted Living Residents Compared to Nursing Home Residents: Findings from a Longitudinal Study

Abstract This study examines and compares activity of residents of assisted living settings and nursing home facilities in Oregon over a one-year period (N= 125 residents at baseline). Residents in assisted living tended to report significantly higher activity when compared to nursing home residents over time, but considerable variability in activity also existed across settings. The philosophy governing assisted living in Oregon, with its emphasis on resident independence, privacy, and normal life styles may have enabled residents to maintain more active affiliations, relationships, and interest, thus promoting role continuity.
Divergences and boundary modes in $ \mathcal{N}=8 $ supergravity

We reconsider the one loop divergence of $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ supergravity in four dimensions. We compute the finite effective potential of $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ anti-deSitter supergravity and interpret it as logarithmic running of the cosmological constant. We show that quantum inequivalence between fields that are classically dual is due to boundary modes in AdS4. The boundary modes are important in global AdS4 but not in thermal AdS4 since these geometries have different Euler characteristic.