cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatal neurosteroid administration results in development-specific alterations in prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity: neurosteroids alter prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity.

Early life exposure to stress and to GABAA receptor modulators have well-defined and persistent behavioral effects. A single neonatal injection of the GABAergic neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy,5α-pregnane-20-one, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) alters the localization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) interneurons in adulthood. Such displacement could result in disinhibited behavior associated with impaired development of the mesocortical dopamine system. To determine if there is a critical window in which allopregnanolone levels may impact the development and mature function of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry. Behavioral measures, including prepulse inhibition (PPI) and total locomotor activity, after amphetamine exposure were assessed at postnatal day 20 (P20) (prepuberty), P40 (puberty), P60 (postpuberty), and P80 (adulthood) in animals previously exposed to allopregnanolone (10 mg/kg) on P2 and P5. PFC tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was stereologically measured. P2 administration of allopregnanolone resulted in an increased locomotor response to amphetamine (14, 28% on P20 and P80, respectively) and reduced PPI (28, 22% on P20 and P80, respectively) at P20 and P80, whereas allopregnanolone administration on P5 increased locomotor response to amphetamine (20%) and reduced PPI (37%) at P80. Clozapine (7.5 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed the PPI deficit in P2-exposed animals. The total length of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive fibers in PFC was not altered by neonatal neurosteroid exposure, but more fibers were located in layers V/VI vs I–III. Altering neonatal allopregnanolone levels disrupts PFC-dependent behavior, indicating that allopregnanolone might be important for normal PFC circuitry development. The temporal exposure differences (P2 vs P5) and ontological-dependent effects (P20 and P80, but not P40 or P60) suggest critical windows of vulnerability to neurosteroid insult across development.
Battlefield damage assessment and repair: live firing trials-1987

Some results for the battlefield damage assessment and repair (BDAR) firing trials held at Meppen, West Germany are reported. The trials were successfully completed with all objectives accomplished. The trials involved exposing eight pieces of equipment to indirect fire, direct fire, antitank mines, and charges which simulated the free-air blast effect of typical threat munitions. After each firing, technical data were collected, an assessment of the damage was made, and expedient repairs were made on the target equipment. More than 90% of all critical damages were repaired during the trials. Several combat enhancements were utilized on various pieces of target equipment and their effectiveness was recorded. >
Redetermination of kovdorskite, Mg2PO4(OH)·3H2O

The crystal structure of kovdorskite, ideally Mg2PO4(OH)·3H2O (dimagnesium phosphate hydroxide trihydrate), was reported previously with isotropic displacement paramaters only and without H-atom positions [Ovchinnikov et al. (1980). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 255, 351–354]. In this study, the kovdorskite structure is redetermined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from a sample from the type locality, the Kovdor massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia, with anisotropic displacement parameters for all non-H atoms, with all H-atom located and with higher precision. Moreover, inconsistencies of the previously published structural data with respect to reported and calculated X-ray powder patterns are also discussed. The structure of kovdorskite contains a set of four edge-sharing MgO6 octa­hedra inter­connected by PO4 tetra­hedra and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming columns and channels parallel to [001]. The hydrogen-bonding system in kovdorskite is formed through the water mol­ecules, with the OH− ions contributing little, if any, to the system, as indicated by the long H⋯A distances (>2.50 A) to the nearest O atoms. The hydrogen-bond lengths determined from the structure refinement agree well with Raman spectroscopic data.
Weaning chronically critically ill adults from mechanical ventilatory support: a descriptive study.

Background Ventilator-dependent patients average 11,419 daily in US acute care hospitals. Objective To describe the process of ventilatory weaning among chronically critically ill adults. METHODS A retrospective survey was used to study ventilator-dependent adults enrolled in a larger randomized study. Patients records were used to obtain duration of mechanical ventilatory support, success of weaning, serum albumin level, left ventricular function, number of drugs used to treat heart failure, and 24-hour fluid balance. Data were collected on admission to the intensive care unit; 24 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation; and 7 days before, and on the day of, weaning status determination. Results Of 174 subjects, 120 were weaned from mechanical ventilation. There were no differences in maximum inspiratory pressure, minute ventilation, or ventilatory capacity between successful and unsuccessful candidates. There were differences in serum albumin level, rapid shallow breathing index, fraction of inspired oxygen, and 24-hour fluid balance. Among subjects who were weaned, the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in those with left ventricular dysfunction (n = 53; 29.1 +/- 25.2 days) than in those with normal left ventricular function (n = 67; 21.1 +/- 18.1 days). Subjects who were weaned received a greater number of drugs to treat heart failure (1.46 +/- 1.24) than did those who were not (0.77 +/- 1.04). CONCLUSIONS Many weaning parameters do not differentiate patients able to be weaned from those who are unable. The presence of left ventricular dysfunction, number of drugs used to treat heart failure, serum albumin level, and 24-hour fluid balance were associated with weaning success and/or duration of mechanical ventilation in adults requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Fast 3D nonlinear inversion method for airborne electromagnetic exploration

This paper presents an efficient three-dimensional nonlinear inversion method for airborne electromagnetic exploration. The stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) is used as the forward solver, and the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) combined with the conjugate-gradient iterative solver is utilized in the inversion. Because of the usage of the FFT algorithm and the recursive matrix method combined with an interpolation technique to evaluate the layered media Greens functions rapidly, this method is highly efficient, and requires very low time and memory, O(NlogN) and O(N) respectively. Numerical examples for both 3D forward modeling and conductivity inversion are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemias.

Summary The cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) are primarily comprised of cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) but, in addition, there are unusual instances in which patients satisfy the serologic criteria of both warm antibody AIHA and CAS (“mixed AIHA”). CAS characteristically occurs in middle-aged or elderly persons, often with signs and symptoms exacerbated by cold. The responsible antibody is of the IgM immunoglobulin class, is maximally reactive in the cold but with reactivity up to at least 30 °C. Therapy is often ineffective, but newer agents such as rituximab have been beneficial in some patients. PCH occurs primarily in children, often after an upper respiratory infection. The causative antibody is of the IgG immunoglobulin class and is a biphasic hemolysin that is demonstrated by incubation in the cold followed by incubation at 37 °C in the presence of complement. Acute attacks are frequently severe but the illness characteristically resolves spontaneously within a few days to several weeks after onset and rarely recurs. Treatment consists of supportive care, with transfusions frequently being needed.
Identifier length and limited programmer memory

Because early variable mnemonics were limited to as few as six to eight characters, many early programmers abbreviated concepts in their variable names. The past thirty years have seen a steady increase in permitted name length and, slowly, an increase in the actual identifier length. However, in theory names can be too long for programmers to comprehend and manipulate effectively. Most obviously, in object-oriented programs, entity naming often involves chaining of method calls and field selectors (e.g., class.firstAssignment().name.trim()). While longer names bring the potential for better comprehension through more embedded sub-words, there are practical limits to their length given limited human memory resources. The driving hypothesis behind the presented study is that names used in modern programs have reached this limit. Thus, a goal of the study is to better understand the balance between longer, more expressive names and limited programmer memory resources. Statistical models derived from an experiment involving 158 programmers of varying degrees of experience show that longer names extracted from production code take more time to process and reduce correctness in a simple recall activity. This has clear negative implications for any attempt to read, and hence comprehend or manipulate, the source code found in modern software. The experiment also evaluates the advantage of identifiers having probable ties to a programmer's persistent memory. Combined, these results reinforce past proposals advocating the use of limited, consistent, and regular vocabulary in identifier names. In particular, good naming limits individual name length and reduces the need for specialized vocabulary.
Sex moderates stress reactivity in heavy drinkers

Psychological stress and alcohol use disorders have a well-known connection. Individual differences in stress reactivity have been an area of interest in alcohol research, particularly given the relationship between craving and stress reactivity to later relapse. The present study examines the role of sex on stress-induced alcohol craving and emotional reactivity using a guided imagery stress paradigm. Participants were 64 non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers from the community who completed a two-session protocol that included two guided imagery exposures, Stress and Neutral. Participants reported their mood and craving before and after each exposure using the Differential Emotions Scale and the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire respectively. Analyses revealed a significant Stress × Sex × Trial effect on craving [F (1,61) = 5.35; p < .05] after controlling for AUDIT scores [F (1,61) = 8.16; p < .01] such that females reported greater increases in craving from baseline to post-imagery during the stress imagery versus the neutral imagery condition, than did males. Mood reactivity analysis showed similar patterns. Specifically, there was a significant Stress × Sex × Trial effect on the anxiety subscale of the DES [F (1,61) = 15.81; p < .001] such that females reported greater increases in anxiety from baseline to post-imagery during the stress imagery versus the neutral conditions, than did males. These results suggest that female heavy drinkers were more sensitive to the effects of the stress-induction on alcohol craving and mood reactivity than males. If supported by future studies, these initial findings may help advance understanding of the mechanisms of stress and mood regulation as central to alcoholism liability and recovery in females.
Comparison of LaBr3:Ce and NaI(Tl) Scintillators for Radio-Isotope Identification Devices

Abstract Lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3 :Ce) scintillators offer significantly better resolution ( 3 :Ce has recently become available commercially in sizes large enough for the hand-held radio-isotope identification device (RIID) market. To study its potential for RIIDs, a series of measurements were performed comparing a 1.5×1.5-in. LaBr 3 :Ce detector with an Exploranium GR-135 RIID, which contains a 1.5×2.2-in. NaI(Tl) detector. Measurements were taken for short time frames and included examples of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), typically found in cargo, and special nuclear materials. To facilitate direct comparison, spectra from the different detectors were analyzed with the same isotope identification software (ORTEC ScintiVision™). In general, the LaBr 3 :Ce detector was able to find more peaks and find them faster than the NaI(Tl) detector. To the same level of significance, the LaBr 3 :Ce detector was usually two to three times faster. The notable exception was for 40 K-containing NORM where interfering internal activity due to 138 La in the LaBr 3 :Ce detector exists and NaI(Tl) consistently outperformed LaBr 3 :Ce.
The Use of Oral Fluid for Therapeutic Drug Management

One of the underlying tenets of clinical pharmacology is that only free drugs are pharmacologically active. It is thought that only free drugs can cross biological membranes to interact with a given receptor to alter its function, and that drug responses, both efficacious and toxic, are a function of unbound concentrations. The rationale for measuring drugs in oral fluid is that the free fraction of a drug in plasma reaches equilibrium with the drug in saliva. Although reports concerning the appearance of organic solutes in saliva have been in the literature for over 70 years, it has only been in the past 30 years that there has been emphasis on the appearance of drugs. Although many assumptions for drug level monitoring in saliva are made, the primary requisite for salivary monitoring to be useful is a constant or predictable relationship between the drug concentration in saliva and the drug concentration in plasma. Measurement of oral fluid drug levels for the purpose of managing patients and making dosage adjustments may be useful for select drugs or drug classes. However, it does not appear to be useful for the majority of drugs therapeutically monitored. Some work with antipsychotic medications has indicated that although the measurement of drug concentrations themselves may not be useful for dosage adjustment, the ratio of parent drug to metabolite may reflect altered metabolic status due to either pharmacogenetic variation or other clinical conditions. Furthermore, analysis of saliva may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations.
Theseus—a programming language for relational databeses

Theseus, a very high-level programming language extending EUCLID, is described. Data objects in Theseus include relations and a-sets, a generalization of records. The primary design goals of Theseus are to facilitate the writing of well-structured programs for database applications and to serve as a vehicle for research in automatic program optimization.
Diseases of protein conformation: what do in vitro experiments tell us about in vivo diseases?

Abstract Certain human diseases are associated with proteins that misfold and exhibit decreased solubility under physiological conditions. They result either from mutations that change the amino acid sequence of a protein, or from misfolded wild-type proteins, such as in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. One subset – the amyloidoses – cause extracellular deposits that stain with the dye Congo red. Another subset is associated with intracellular deposits with non-Congophilic nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusions. Purified, recombinantly produced versions of some of the proteins that form intracellular aggregates can also display Congophilia, as well as other properties associated with the in vivo amyloidoses when examined under non-physiological conditions in vitro . Some of these purified proteins or protein fragments have never been identified as pathogenic in humans or animals. Despite potentially shared thermodynamic and kinetic processes involving the target molecules, the biology of these two subsets differs significantly.
Is Spirituality Detrimental to Generativity

This article examines the relations between religiousness, spirituality, and generativity (concern for the welfare of future generations) in late adulthood using longitudinal life-course data. Religiousness and spirituality were operationalized as distinct but overlapping dimensions of individual difference measuring involvement in traditional and nontraditional religious practices, respectively. In late adulthood, both religiousness and spirituality correlated positively with overall scores on self-report and observer-based measures of generativity. However, whereas religiousness was significantly related to the communal facets of generativity, spirituality was significantly related to its self-expanding aspects. These differences were more pronounced after gender, cohort, social class, and the overlap between religiousness and spirituality were controlled. The respective relations among religiousness, spirituality, and generativity in late adulthood were also observed using religiousness scored in early, and spirituality scored in late-middle, adulthood.
Periphery deformations and tunneling at correlated quantum Hall edges

We argue that, at any filling factor, correlated quantum-Hall systems possess a set of chiral boson excitations which are generated by electronically rigid deformations of the system's periphery. We submit that tunneling electrons can be accommodated, at low energies, in these systems only by periphery-deformation excitations. This property would explain the recent observation of a tunneling density of states at the edge which does not exhibit a strong dependence on the occurrence or absence of the quantum Hall effect and has a power-law dependence on energy with exponent (inverse filling factor)-1.
Managing Imperfection in a Perfectionistic Culture: Physical Activity and Disability Management Among Women with Disabilities

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe: (a) the relationship between a woman's ability to manage (i.e., cope or come to terms wilh) her disability via regular physical activity and her perceptions of physical and psychological empowerment, and (b) the ways women manage their disabilities, in particular, how they used physical activity in the management process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 37 women who had chronic illness and physical mobility disabilities. Findings suggested a relationship between disability management via physical activity and empowerment (psychological or physical) among the women or this sample. They also indicated three different management approaches: (a) management by minimizing the significance of the body, (b) management by normalization of the body, and (c) management by optimizing mind-body functioning. The implications of these findings for sport and society are discussed.
ADMINISTRATIVE ROLES AND PERCEPTIONS OF GOVERNANCE IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Administrators, chairmen, and faculty at a community college were surveyed to determine the extent of congruity among their perceptions of the chairman role and governance functions in the college. The results disclosed significantly different perceptions among the three levels of college participants. A key variable related to the perceptual dissonance was time in position. Significantly greater negative perceptions of the abilities and functional value of the chairman were associated with responses from those with longer histories in the institution. The dissonance between role perceptions related to time in position implies the need for improving communication/information processes between college personnel, specifically directed toward maintaining common understanding of the chairman role prescription.
Human T cell antigens involved in cytotoxicity against allogeneic or autologous chemically modified targets. Association of the Leu 2a/T8 antigen with effector-target cell binding and of the T3/Leu 4 antigen with triggering.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing human T cell differentiation antigens were employed to analyze the role of these antigens on T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified targets. The OKT3/anti-Leu 4 and anti-Leu 2a/OKT8* mAb inhibited T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous or unrelated TNP-modified targets, in the absence of complement and at the effector cell level. These cytotoxic effector cells were T3+, T8+, T11+, T4−. To analyze the role of the T3/Leu 4 and Leu 2a/T8 T cell differentiation antigens in the cytolytic process, we investigated the stages of this process that were inhibited by the OKT3/anti-Leu 4 and anti-Leu 2a/OKT8* mAb. Using: (a) visual adhesions, and (b) a single cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose, we observed that the OKT3 and anti-Leu 4 mAb did not inhibit binding of effector cells to allogeneic targets or to autologous E rosette-negative TNP-modified targets, although they significantly inhibited both the proportions of target cells in conjugates that were lysed, and the 51Cr release. In contrast, the anti-Leu 2a and OKT8* mAb blocked cytotoxicity by inhibiting binding of effector cells to the allogeneic or to autologous chemically modified targets. To further analyze the stages of the cytolytic process (adhesion; programming for lysis or lethal hit; and cytotoxic cell-independent lysis) that were inhibited by these mAb, we employed the detachment and dispersion method. This method is based on the differential temperature requirements of adhesion (which occurred both at 37 °C or 20 °C) and of programming for lysis (which occurred at 37 °C but not at 20 °C). Operational adhesions were determined by the 51Cr-release assay after dispersion of effector and target cells in a 10% solution of dextran (mol. wt. 500000). Programming for lysis was determined by the 51Cr-release assay after detachment of effector-target cell conjugates with 10 mM EDTA and dispersion in 10% dextran solution. Using this method we determined that mAb recognizing the Leu 2a/T8 antigen blocked cytotoxicity by inhibiting adhesion and binding of effector cells to target cells. These antibodies do not affect post-adhesion stages of the cytolytic process. In contrast, the OKT3 and anti-Leu 4 mAb inhibit a post-adhesion step of the cytolytic process, that occurs before irreversible events of the programming for lysis stage have taken place. These results and other properties (lymphokine production, mitogenic properties) of the OKT3/anti-Leu 4 mAb suggest that the T3/Leu 4 antigen may be associated with triggering of lethal hit (and triggering of T cell functions in general) and signal transfer or transduction. In contrast, the Leu 2a/T8 antigen appears to be involved in binding of effector to target cells and may contribute to the affinity of the effector cells for the target.
Platelet-rich Plasma in Meniscal Repair: Does Augmentation Improve Surgical Outcomes?

Background Increased contact stresses after meniscectomy have led to an increased focus on meniscal preservation strategies to prevent articular cartilage degeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received attention as a promising strategy to help induce healing and has been shown to do so both in vitro and in vivo. Although PRP has been used in clinical practice for some time, to date, few clinical studies support its use in meniscal repair.
Paleoecological Significance of the Short-Tailed Shrew (Blarina), with a Systematic Discussion of Blarina ozarkensis

The parapatric distributions of Recent Blarina brevicauda brevicauda, B. b. kirtlandi , and B. b. carolinensis correspond to the subhumid microthermal, humid microthermal, and humid mesothermal climatic regions. Three late Pleistocene populations of Blarina can be equated with the extant “subspecies” B. b. brevicauda, B. b. kirtlandi , and B. b. carolinensis by means of statistical analysis of mandibular parameters. All three ecotypes are found together, distinct and sympatric, in the Pleistocene deposits of Cumberland, New Paris No. 4, and Peccary Caves, whereas Meyer Cave, Crankshaft Pit, Natural Chimneys, and Welsh Cave local faunas contain two distinct phena. Coexistence of these phena in the same deposit without apparent interbreeding suggests a specific rather than subspecific relationship. Sympatry of these phena during the Pleistocene suggests that a more equable climate existed during glacial time than at present and that sympatric phena of Blarina coexisted in partitioned niches that presently are not defined. Post-glacial continental climates subsequently divided the three phena into their existing parapatric distributions. Blarina brevicauda fossilis is synonymized with B. b, brevicauda. Blarina ozarkensis , an extinct species from the Conard Fissure, is distinguished from other species of Blarina by (1) the absence of the lingual accessory cone posterior to the protoconid on the first lower unicuspid of extant species; (2) the proportionally larger and more bulbous cingula of the third and fourth upper unicuspids, the second lower unicuspid, and the lower molars; (3) its reduced fifth upper unicuspid; (4) its reduced talonid of M3. The Conard Fissure population of B. ozarkensis is more variable than any modern population of Blarina examined.
Dynamic biomagnetism associates bean seeds

Water uptake by bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) over 4 h in 4 adjacent Faraday cages and in 4 similar, but mumetal-lined, Faraday cages disclosed comparable interactional patterns among both cage types. This indicates a role of dynamic, or fluctuating, biomagnetic fields. An inverted relationship over time between the 2 cage types is probably due to geomagnetic attenuation.
Stochastic control optimization for a mixed mode building considering occupant window opening behaviour

A methodology has been developed for optimizing building supervisory control strategies, employing building models that incorporate stochastic models of occupant behaviour and serve as the objective function evaluator in a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) architecture. The SMPC architecture accounts for variability in building performance due to occupant behaviour and is shown to generate a sequence of automatic window opening decisions for a mixed mode building which lead to more robust building performance in the face of occupant window use than a heuristic controller. A set of receding optimization time horizons are described which enable the use of complex building models in simulated SMPC. Results of a case study show that deterministic optimization predicts a 50% increase in building performance, while stochastic optimization leads to a more conservative and more reliable 33% performance improvement, which takes into consideration the impact of occupant behaviour.
Seismic-Reflection Signature of Cretaceous Continental Breakup on the Wilkes Land Margin, Antarctica

The passive (rifted) continental margin of Wilkes Land, Antarctica, is characterized on seismic reflection records by (i) in the south, a block-faulted sequence of highly stratified continental beds overlain by two distinct unconformities; (ii) a transitional, greatly thinned continental crust overlain by material interpreted to be flood basalt; and (iii) in the north, oceanic crust with a boundary ridge at its edge. The Mohorovicic discontinuity can be followed across the continent-ocean boundary and shows a progressive thinning of continental crust to a minimum of 2.5 kilometers at its northern edge.
The neoliberalization of football: Rethinking neoliberalism through the commercialization of the beautiful game

This ethnographic study explores how football (soccer) fandoms respond to neoliberal reforms, adding to a growing debate on the nature of neoliberalism by scholars such as geographer David Harvey, sociologist Nikolas Rose, and anthropologist Anna Tsing. In order to critique spatially and temporally coherent characterizations of neoliberalism, brief case analyses of fan reactions to the commercialization of Brazilian club Corinthians and English club Manchester United are used. Specifically, comparative insights from fans’ negotiation of market-based restructurings reveal how neoliberal ‘flows’ are implemented and experienced differently in different places. Particularities in these flows are employed to disassemble hegemonic and universal visions of neoliberalism through the notion of friction.
Communication of Stimulus Size and Shape in Alarm Calls of Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs, Cynomys gunnisoni

Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) emit multiple-note alarm calls to terrestrial predators that vary in acoustic structure according to the eliciting stimulus. The characteristics of the predator that are salient with respect to alarm call variation, however, are poorly understood. Although the behavior of predators has been shown to influence alarm call production in other species of ground-dwelling sciurids, the degree to which sciurid alarm calls describe physical characteristics of predators has not been addressed independently of the effects of variation in predator behavior. The effect of variation in the size and shape of the eliciting stimulus was studied by presenting silhouette models to a colony of prairie dogs and recording the alarm calls that were elicited. Discriminant function analysis on 7 variables measured from spectrograms revealed that the alarm calls differed with respect to silhouette. These results suggest that information with respect to stimulus size and shape is encoded in prairie dog alarm calls.
Constitutive expression of the Id-1 promoter in human metastatic breast cancer cells is linked with the loss of NF-1/Rb/HDAC-1 transcription repressor complex.

Constitutive expression of the Id-1 promoter in human metastatic breast cancer cells is linked with the loss of NF-1/Rb/HDAC-1 transcription repressor complex
Electronegativities, electrostatic potentials and covalent radii

Abstract Two different formulations of electronegativity are discussed and briefly reviewed; one focuses upon the atom in a molecule, while the other is in terms of the chemical potential. Our analysis emphasizes the need for the latter approach to take account of the external potential. We also examine two proposed procedures for approximating empirical covalent radii, as the radial distances at which an atom's electrostatic potential V ( r ) equals (a) its ionization energy I , and (b) its chemical potential as given by 0.5( I + A ), where A is the electron affinity. Effective nuclear charges are computed for both distances for a group of 16 atoms.
Mental health case management and technical efficiency

The purpose of the study was to assess whether Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) operate at different levels of technical efficiency in the production of case management services. A nonparametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), was used to compare 39 CMHC case management programs. The CMHCs, located in Virginia, were compared on the basis of actual performance as reported in annual statistical reports. Efficient utilization of resources in the delivery of case management services was present in only six (15%) of the CMHCs. As a group, CMHCs with local inpatient services have lower technical efficiency than CMHCs without local inpatient services. The provision of local inpatient care is costly; thereby, giging CMHCs without such services a competitive edge on average technical efficiency. This suggests that the decision to provide local hospital care might be a philosophical one, rather than one that is financially driven.
Immunoscintigraphic imaging of inflammatory lesions: preliminary findings and future possibilities.

Mixed leukocytes separated in vitro from patients' blood and labeled with lipophilic chelates of 111 In and 99m Tc are now used clinically for imaging inflammatory foci in many medical centers worldwide. Recent immunological advances have prompted investigations about using radiolabeled antibodies potentially specific for human neutrophils, labeling of these blood cells in vivo, and imaging inflammatory processes in patients. Early results are encouraging, allowing abscesses to be imaged with high specificity and presenting only minimal (10% to 20%) adverse immunogenic responses. However, problems remain, including low immunospecificity and lengthy procedures for radiolabeling of antibiodies. These areas are currently subjects to further research that in time will contribute to make this modality convenient, simple, and efficacious.
East-West Asymmetry and Latitude Effect of Cosmic Rays at Altitudes up to 33,000 Feet

By means of triple coincidence telescopes mounted in a B-29 airplane, the east-west asymmetry of cosmic rays has been measured at several geomagnetic latitudes from 0 degrees to 41 degrees north. The asymmetry was determined separately for the hard, soft, and shower producing components of the radiation. At a zenith angle of 45 degrees, the intensity of each of these components from the western direction exceeded that from the eastern direction by an amount which increased rapidly as the geomagnetic latitude was decreased. Comparison of the amount of asymmetry with the observed latitude effects permits the conclusion that all components arise from primary rays which in the range of energies explored by the experiment are all or nearly all positively charged.During the course of the experiments, vertical intensities of the hard and soft components were also measured. Data on the variation of the vertical intensities with altitude and with geomagnetic latitude are presented.
Noam Chomsky on Indochina and Iraq: An interview

Professor Noam Chomsky is one of the most-cited academics in the world. Google Scholar records 15,000 citations for the first five of his works it lists. My university's library catalogue identifie...
LaPO4 Nanoparticles Doped with Actinium-225 that Partially Sequester Daughter Radionuclides

Nanoscale materials have been envisioned as carriers for various therapeutic drugs, including radioisotopes. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly appealing vehicles for targeted radiother...
Synthesis of matched b.j.t. cascode broadband amplifiers

The letter describes a way to determine gain-bandwidth limitations of high-gain matched broadband amplifiers that are based on a cascode connection of bipolar junction transistors (b.j.t.s). An example is included to illustrate the method.
Limb Ataxia Related To Monocular Ophthalmoplegia

Oculomotor palsies are known to cause past pointing in reaching for visual targets. Disturbances of gait may also occur, but have not been reported extensively. The authors present two patients with an oculomotor palsy, one of central and the other of peripheral origin, who complained of unsteady gait. When using their affected eye, they showed gait deviations characterized by veering in the direction of action of the paralyzed medial rectus. The ataxia was present only when they were looking monocularly with the affected eye and disappeared when the intact eye was used. The authors suggest that the gait ataxia was caused by a ‘past-stepping’ analogous to the past-pointing of the upper extremity.
A multiple-response evaluation of EMG biofeedback performance during training and stress-induction conditions.

The present study evaluated multiple system physiological responding which accompanied EMG biofeedback performance under two conditions—during EMG biofeedback training sessions, and during the utilization of that training in the presence of a stressor. Twelve subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) an EMG biofeedback group, or 2) a false-EMG biofeedback group. During the training sessions, significant frontalis EMG decreases were produced by the biofeedback group. This performance was associated with a concomitant decrease in heart rate and respiration rate, but an increase in skin conductance level. The biofeedback group was also able to maintain a low level of EMG activity during a stress-induction procedure. However, this low level of activity did not generalize to other physiological responses. Heart rate and skin conductance levels both increased, which coincided with the subjects' self-report of anxiety during this phase of the study. These data clearly demonstrate that single-system arousal reduction produced by EMG biofeedback training, rather than producing cross-system arousal reduction, produces specificity of a single response change under a stress-inducing situation.
On Apologising in Negative and Positive Politeness Cultures by OGIERMANN, EVA

The article reviews the book "On Apologising in Negative and Positive Politeness Cultures," by Eva Ogiermann.
Evaluation of a 12-color flow cytometry panel to study lymphocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cell subsets in humans

Monitoring changes in human immune cell populations such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) during infectious diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is crucial. However, difficulties to identify rare or heterogeneous cell populations can be limiting. For example, to accurately measure DC subsets, eight flow cytometry parameters are ideal. The aim of this work was to analyze the phenotype of human lymphocyte, monocyte, and DC subsets using a single 12-color flow cytometry panel. After erythrocyte lysis, blood from healthy human volunteers was washed and labeled with a cocktail of 12 antibodies. Samples were analyzed on a Becton-Dickinson FACSAria equipped with three lasers. Data were compared with lineage-specific panels using 5-8 Ab combinations per lineage. Acquired data were analyzed using FlowJo software. Our 12-color panel allows for the identification of the following major subsets of circulating cells in a single tube: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, monocyte subsets (CD14 and/or CD16), and five nonoverlapping HLA-DR+Lin- subsets: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD123+ plasmacytoid DC, and three subsets of CD11c+ myeloid DC expressing either CD16, CD1c (BDCA-1), or CD141 (BDCA-3). We have developed a single flow cytometry panel that allows for simultaneous detection of the lymphocyte and monocyte cell populations and all known DC subsets. Studying these major players of the immune system in one single panel may give us a broader view of the immune response during HIV infection and the ability to better define the role of individual cell types in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis. (c) 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Brief clinical report: femoral hypoplasia--unusual facies syndrome.

A patient with femoral hypoplasia – unusual facies syndrome is presented; this is the eleventh reported patient with this syndrome. In reviewing the literature, three other patients were discovered to have the syndrome.
Use of a Commercial Pectolytic Enzyme to Extract Juice from Frozen Mayhaw (Crataegus opaca Hook.) Fruit

ABSTRACT The efficacy of a commercial pectinase enzyme preparation was evaluated for juice yield and quality of mayhaw (Creategus opaca) fruit pulp. The use of pectinase in the extraction procedure increased juice color, reduced juice browning—assayed as absorption at 420 nm enhanced color density and increased percent soluble solids. Yield of mayhaw fruit juice significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved with increasing concentrations of pectinase enzyme from 0.2% to 6.4%. Juice yield of the untreated controls was about 64% (w/w) as compared to yields of 77.2-80.4% from pectinase-treated fruit macerate. Mean soluble solids content of pectinase treated mayhaw fruit juice ranged from 6.6 to 10.4 total Brix (23.4°C), soluble solids content of the untreated mayhaw juice was 6.5%. A significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the efficacy of pectinase occurred at a holding temperature of 32°C and 0.20 (% w/w). Enzymatic concentration levels ≥ 0.20% w/w and a reaction temperature of 2°C for 24 hours, treatment effects observed o...
Electrical Activity During the 2006 Mount St. Augustine Volcanic Eruptions

By using a combination of radio frequency time-of-arrival and interferometer measurements, we observed a sequence of lightning and electrical activity during one of Mount St. Augustine's eruptions. The observations indicate that the electrical activity had two modes or phases. First, there was an explosive phase in which the ejecta from the explosion appeared to be highly charged upon exiting the volcano, resulting in numerous apparently disorganized discharges and some simple lightning. The net charge exiting the volcano appears to have been positive. The second phase, which followed the most energetic explosion, produced conventional-type discharges that occurred within plume. Although the plume cloud was undoubtedly charged as a result of the explosion itself, the fact that the lightning onset was delayed and continued after and well downwind of the eruption indicates that in situ charging of some kind was occurring, presumably similar in some respects to that which occurs in normal thunderstorms.
Mapping preictal networks preceding childhood absence seizures using magnetoencephalography.

The electrographic hallmark of childhood absence seizures is 3 Hz generalized spike and wave discharges; however, there is likely a focal thalamic or cortical onset that cannot be detected using scalp electroencephalography (EEG). The purpose of this study was to study the earliest preictal changes in children with absence epilepsy. In this report, magnetoencephalography recordings of 44 absence seizures recorded from 12 children with drug-naive childhood absence seizures were used to perform time frequency analysis and source localization prior to the onset of the seizures. Evidence of preictal magnetoencephalography frequency changes were detected a mean of 694 ms before the initial spike on the EEG. A consistent pattern of focal sources was present in the frontal cortex and thalamus during this preictal period, but source localization occurred synchronously so that independent activity between the 2 structures could not be distinguished.
Initial and Sustained Short-Circuits in Synchronous Machines Analytical and Graphical Treatment of General Cases of Armature Windings Displaced by Arbitrary Angles, with Applications to One-, Two- and Three-Phase Machines

A knowledge of the instantaneous values of armature and field currents, when an alternator is short-circuited, is becoming of increasing practical importance. These currents determine the rating of protective apparatus, mechanical stresses in the machine itself, possible damage to other equipment, etc. During the first few cycles, immediately after a short-circuit, the currents are usually much larger than those on sustained short-circuit, and gradually approach the latter values over a number of cycles. It is, therefore, necessary to distinguish between the initial and sustained values of currents, and formulas are deduced in this paper for both. The novel feature of the treatment consists in starting with a generalized unsymmetrical three-phase winding, also containing an external induclance in one of the phases. The Kirchoff equations are written and solved for this general case, and it is then shown how the formulas for the usual one-, two-, and three-phase machines can be directly derived from the general expressions, without considering the magnetic linkages in detail in each case. A graphical nterpretation of the equations is also given, in the form of spacevector diagrams, in which the m. m. f s. vary according to the sine law in space but not in time.
Technology Strategies For Economic Development In A Fast Changing Global Economy

East Asian development experience provides the basis for understanding which are the essential elements of effective technology strategy and policy, those that are required for the efficacious development of countries that have not yet embarked on a path of sustained modernization. Globalization has had a profound impact on development, enabling countries that could exploit its propelling forces to pursue a potent strategy of export-led economic and technological development. The policies needed to sustain this strategy are those required to foster institutions that permit effective commerce among economic agents, those necessary to generate the rapid accumulation of human and physical capital, and those essential to ensure that resources are allocated in accord with the economy's dynamic comparative advantage. Of crucial importance among the latter are effectively implemented policies of selective intervention designed to develop infant industries and to foster their fast-paced achievement of internation...
Patterns of Intergenerational Transfers in Southeast Asia

This article explores motivations for intergenerational exchanges of time and money using data from Indonesia. The extent of exchange and underlying motivations differ across families but substantial evidence supports the theory that transfers within families serve as insurance for family members. The results also suggest that between some parents and children money is exchanged for time. Additionally, some evidence is consistent with the idea that parents pay for their children's education partly as a loan that is later repaid. The authors compare their results to those that they obtained previously for Malaysia using similar data and methods. The findings regarding motivations for transfers are remarkably similar across the two countries.
Early detection and juvenile hormone-dependence of cricket vitellogenin

Abstract The timing of in vivo induction of vitellogenin synthesis in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), was examined using an immunodiffusion assay with an estimated sensitivity of 6.3 μg vitellogenin/ml haemolymph. The time course of vitellogenin appearance in adult female haemolymph and analysis of abdominal autonomy for vitellogenin production in females decapitated at various times after the moult revealed that induction does not normally occur during the first 12 h of adult development but is completed by 14–16 h in some females. This is much earlier than expected on the basis of electrophoretic analyses previously reported but correlates with the early rise in juvenile hormone titre recently observed by other workers. Decapitation/hormone replacement experiments using juvenile hormones I and III confirmed the juvenile hormone control of cricket vitellogenin production. Newly moulted adult females were markedly refractory to the inductive effects of juvenile hormone; however, among adult females decapitated at the moult but aged 24 h before injection, 74% produced vitellogenin in response to juvenile hormone. These studies provide the temporal framework for future analyses of juvenile hormone-dependent fat body changes which precede initiation of vitellogenin synthesis.
Effects of Protease, Phytase and a Bacillus sp. Direct-Fed Microbial on Nutrient and Energy Digestibility, Ileal Brush Border Digestive Enzyme Activity and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentration in Broiler Chickens

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of protease and phytase (PP) and a Bacillus sp. direct-fed microbial (DFM) on dietary energy and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens. In the first experiment, Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed diets supplemented with PP and DFM in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The 4 diets (control (CON), CON + PP, CON + DFM, and CON + PP + DFM) were fed from 15–21 days of age. In Experiment 1, significant interaction (P≤0.01) between PP and DFM on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient for starch, crude protein, and amino acid indicated that both additives increased the digestibility. Both additives increased the nitrogen retention coefficient with a significant interaction (P≤0.01). Although no interaction was observed, significant main effects (P≤0.01) for nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEn) for PP or DFM indicated an additive response. In a follow-up experiment, Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed the same experimental diets from 1–21 days of age. Activities of ileal brush border maltase, sucrase, and L-alanine aminopeptidase were increased (P≤0.01) by PP addition, while a trend (P = 0.07) for increased sucrase activity was observed in chickens fed DFM, in Experiment 2. The proportion of cecal butyrate was increased (P≤0.01) by DFM addition. Increased nutrient utilization and nitrogen retention appear to involve separate but complementary mechanisms for PP and DFM, however AMEn responses appear to have separate and additive mechanisms.