cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic control of self-organization: the role of charge gradients in heterogeneous media

Electrostatic interactions are essential in the function of biological entities. Most biomolecules are either strongly charged, like nucleic acids, or are composed of units with tunable degrees of charge, like proteins. As a result of these charges, the association of biomolecules into functional units is strongly dependent on local ionic concentrations. Herein, we discuss the control of the assembly and disassembly of simple biomimetic structures of macroions via ionic gradients generated by compositional heterogeneities in molecular electrolytes. We describe the importance of breaking the symmetry of the distribution of ionic components at interfaces in the function of co-assemblies of charged molecules. Composition heterogeneities in thermoreversible gels of charged chains linked by oppositely charged macroions are analyzed. The breaking of symmetry of the charge accumulation at the interfaces of the locally segregated domains of different ionic densities and the connectivity of the self-assembled network is related to the function of these hydrogels, such as their ability to store charge.
An intelligent search method for query optimization by semijoins

The problem of finding an optimal semijoin sequence that fully reduces a given tree query is discussed. A method is presented that intelligently navigates the space of all semijoin sequences and returns an optimal solution. Experiments are reported that show that this method performs very efficiently: on average, less than 5% of the search space is searched before an optimal solution is found. Other advantages of the method are ease of implementation, generality of the cost mode considered, and ability to handle tree queries with arbitrary target lists. >
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention: current concepts, promises, and pitfalls

The reperfusion era has dramatically and irrevocably transformed the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). For the patient treated with fibrinolysis as the initial reperfusion strategy, subsequent options which are the subject of some controversy and the focus of this review are (i) facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); (ii) pharmacoinvasive approach; (iii) ‘Watchful waiting’. We performed a literature search of all available articles on facilitated PCI published in English language on Medline, including randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and review articles. This information provided the core for a critical appraisal of the current literature on this controversial topic. On the basis of current available data, facilitated PCI with a thrombolytic agent has no role in everyday clinical practice and facilitated PCI utilizing a glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitor agent has no considerable benefit on mortality in STEMI in contemporary practice. The evidence to date suggests that fibrinolytic-facilitated PCI is associated with higher mortality rates and adverse events compared with primary PCI.
Campylobacter Protein Glycosylation Affects Host Cell Interactions

Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 pgl mutants impaired in general protein glycosylation showed reduced ability to adhere to and invade INT407 cells and to colonize intestinal tracts of mice.
Why do Some Boundary Organizations Result in New Ideas and Practices and Others only Meet Resistance? Examples From Juvenile Justice

This study compares two federal grants, both from the same agency and both utilizing a national “boundary organization,” to assess how and why one was better able than the other to integrate divergent perspectives and produce new approaches to juvenile justice in multiple local jurisdictions. Results confirm the utility of boundary organizations but also show that not all organizations that bring together divergent perspectives necessarily result in anything new or better. Four factors stand out: (a) a different philosophy of evaluation research, (b) the grass-roots emergence of an inclusive rationale for the program that was orthogonal to the traditional “treatment versus punishment” ideology, (c) management strategies and agenda-setting arrangements at meetings that facilitated horizontal, upward, and downward information exchange, and (d) a different approach to knowledge and knowledge production that emphasized user-defined knowledge needs and diverse research methods. The case studies provide a wide ...
Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular recording

For conventional perpendicular recording media of saturation magnetization M/sub S/ and grain volume V, the ratio of the stabilizing energy barrier /spl Delta/E to the switching field H/sub S/ is /spl xi/=2/spl Delta/E/(M/sub S/H/sub S/V)=1, in contrast to a value of 2 for the case of anisotropy axes tilted at an angle of 45/spl deg/. This means only half the possible resistance to superparamagnetism is gained; it makes writability a serious problem for high density perpendicular media when a large anisotropy is used to compensate decreased grain size. To address this problem, an exchange coupled composite perpendicular recording media has been proposed that increases /spl xi/ by a factor of two, as in 45/spl deg/ tilted media, but reduces some of the difficulties, particularly in fabrication.
EFFECT OF INOCULATION ON THE QUALITY OF DRY‐CURED HAMS

Twenty paired pork legs were vacuum tumbled with cure adjuncts at 18 revolutions per minute (RPM) and 94.5 k Pa vacuum for 30 min. Following 40 days of curing, those legs from the right side were inoculated (I) with a mixed culture of microorganisms obtained from commercially cured ham and those from the left were not inoculated (C). All samples were evaluated at 56 days and 73 days for sensory traits. Water, NaCl, NO3 and NO2 determinations were also made. Inoculation increased (P 0.05) on juiciness or flavor. Aging increased tenderness (P <0.05), as evidenced in the samples at 73 days, and reduced the moisture content. Microbial inoculation did not accelerate the cure penetration rate and had no consistent effect on the amount of NO3 and NO2.
Entry, Exit, and Farm Size: Assessing an Experiment in Dairy Price Policy

This article models and estimates the forces behind farm exits and changes in herd-size among Connecticut dairy farms under the New England Dairy Compact. A model of sunk costs and farm capital investment is used to specify two econometric estimations: a random effects probit model of farm entry and exit and an autocorrelated generalized least squares panel data model of farm size. The Dairy Compact's price strategy reduced farm exits and moderately increased cow numbers. In contrast, development pressures and historically low unemployment rates increased farm exits.
Evaluation of the Seasonal and Annual Abortifacient Risk of Western Juniper Trees on Oregon Rangelands

On the Ground • Western juniper trees can cause late term abortions in cattle, similar to ponderosa pine trees. • Results from this study demonstrate that there is no difference in the labdane acid (the abortifacient compounds) content of western juniper trees throughout the year, or from year to year. • Consequently the abortifacient risk of western juniper trees should not vary throughout the year, or from year to year. • Producers who winter cattle in rangelands with western juniper trees should take similar precautions to prevent late term abortions as they would with ponderosa pine trees.
Audiovisual Analysis and Synthesis for Multimodal Human-Computer Interfaces

Multimodal signal processing techniques are called to play a salient role in the implementation of natural computer-human interfaces. In particular, the development of efficient interface front ends that emulate interpersonal communication would benefit from the use of techniques capable of processing the visual and auditory modes jointly. This work introduces the application of audiovisual analysis and synthesis techniques based on Principal Component Analysis and Non-negative Matrix Factorization on facial audiovisual sequences. Furthermore, the applicability of the extracted audiovisual bases is analyzed throughout several experiments that evaluate the quality of audiovisual resynthesis using both objective and subjective criteria.
The Status of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Dental Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) within academic dentistry. A twenty-two-item survey was distributed to faculty members of American Dental Education Association (ADEA) member schools asking about their awareness of SoTL practices, perceived barriers to SoTL application, and ways to enhance SoTL activity. Four hundred thirty surveys with equal distribution of assistant, associate, and full professors were received (this may be considered a response rate of 5.4 percent out of roughly 8,000 ADEA faculty members). Almost 70 percent of the respondents indicated that they highly valued SoTL; only 2.1 percent indicated they did not. The extent to which the respondents valued SoTL was positively correlated with their perception of SoTL’s value among other faculty members in their program (r(322)=0.374, p
Septic arthritis in gout patients: a population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of incident gout with the risk of incident septic arthritis in a general population context. METHODS We investigated the association of incident gout with the risk of incident septic arthritis using the Health Improvement Network, a computerized medical record database from general practices in the UK. We conducted a cohort analysis of the risk of an incident septic arthritis diagnosis among adults with incident gout compared with up to five non-gout individuals matched by age, sex, date of study entry and enrolment year. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression models to adjust for lifestyle variables, physician visits, comorbidities and medication use. RESULTS We identified 72 073 incident gout patients and 358 342 matched non-gout patients. The incidence rates of a septic arthritis diagnosis were 0.24 cases and 0.09 cases per 1000 person-years in the gout and comparison cohorts, respectively. Matched univariate and multivariate hazard ratios of a septic arthritis diagnosis were 2.82 (95% CI 2.15, 3.71) and 2.60 (95% CI 1.93, 3.51), respectively. The association persisted among subgroups stratified by sex, age group (<75 and ≥75) and socio-economic deprivation level. CONCLUSION This general population-based study suggests that gout is associated with an increased likelihood of septic arthritis.
Optical polarization tractography based on polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Fibrous tissues exist in many parts of the body, where the directional fiber organization is critical in maintaining their normal functions. Disruption of the normal fibrous structure is often linked to tissue dysfunction. An imaging tool that can reveal the detailed fiber architecture will be valuable for our understanding of the structure-function relationship in these tissues. Here, we described a new high-resolution tractography method developed from Jones matrix polarizationsensitive optical coherence tomography. We demonstrated its applications for visualization of fibrous structures in several different animal tissues.
PENETRATION OF ATP INTO THE MYOCARDIUM.

SummaryWhen the isolated guinea pig heart is perfused with C14- and P32-labeled ATP of known isotope ratio, ATP isolated from the myocardium shows an isotope ratio 100 times greater than the starting material. Inorganic P32 is liberated into the perfusion fluid along with C14-labeled dephosphorylation and deamination products of ATP. UTP, GTP, CTP and ITP are also dephosphorylated when perfused. The results indicate that the ATP molecule does not enter the myocardium as such, but first is degraded and later resynthesized intracellularly.
Surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

This disease, found in the axilla, the submammary crease, and the areas about the groin, genitalia, and anus, is best treated in its chronic form by excision of all the affected skin and subcutaneous tissue. Wound closure may require a free skin graft or a flap, the former being preferred by the author.
Work Hours and Worker Happiness in the US: Weekly Hours, Hours Preferences and Schedule Flexibility

This research explores the relationship between three different dimensions of work hours with individuals’ reported level of happiness — its duration, mismatch with preferences and flexibility over its timing. Using pooled data from the US General Social Survey (1972-2012) and two of its modules, we find many nuances in the association of the weekly duration of work hours and happiness level among those employed. This includes patterns by occupation, such as managerial-administrative vis-a-vis others, income levels and size of geographical location of work. Working hours just below 40 hours per week tends to be associated inversely with happiness, and also in the shortest hours of work bracket, depending on control variables. Happiness is also frequently lower at the level of weekly hours just above the 40-hour standard. In contrast, working very long hours is associated positively with happiness. However, this is virtually all attributable to the income level of the worker. Alternative indicators of work hours duration largely reinforce these findings. In addition, being underemployed — below one’s preferred workweek, willing to work longer, regardless of hours duration — is consistently associated with reduced happiness level. We offer possible explanations for these “underemployed worker” and “happy worker” effects in the US institutional context. Finally, indicators of flexibility employee-centered, such as setting of one’s work schedule, are strongly associated with greater happiness, robust through all control variables. The findings may provide support for public policies that are intended to curb both the incidence and extent of worker underemployment and to promote a legal right of employees to request and receive a preferred minimum workweek and/or reconfiguration of the duration, timing and flexibility of their work hours or schedule, in the pursuit of individual and national happiness.
A Protective Constitutional Vision: Justice Stevens and the Principles of Liberty

When Justice Stevens joined the Supreme Court in late 1975, he immediately established himself as the foremost advocate of prisoners’ rights with two important dissenting opinions in 1976 (Meachum v. Fano; Estelle v. Gamble). Stevens brought to the Supreme Court a broad conception of convicted offenders’ retained liberty interests. Throughout his 35-year Supreme Court career, Stevens articulated a rights-protective vision for convicted offenders’ legal protections that placed him at the most liberal end of the Court for such issues. Justice Stevens’s opinions illustrate the importance of individual justices’ values and judicial philosophies in shaping the law.
Optimization of Treatment Geometry to Reduce Normal Brain Dose in Radiosurgery of Multiple Brain Metastases with Single–Isocenter Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

Treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases using a single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been shown to decrease treatment time with the tradeoff of larger low dose to the normal brain tissue. We have developed an efficient Projection Summing Optimization Algorithm to optimize the treatment geometry in order to reduce dose to normal brain tissue for radiosurgery of multiple metastases with single-isocenter VMAT. The algorithm: (a) measures coordinates of outer boundary points of each lesion to be treated using the Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface, (b) determines the rotations of couch, collimator, and gantry using three matrices about the cardinal axes, (c) projects the outer boundary points of the lesion on to Beam Eye View projection plane, (d) optimizes couch and collimator angles by selecting the least total unblocked area for each specific treatment arc, and (e) generates a treatment plan with the optimized angles. The results showed significant reduction in the mean dose and low dose volume to normal brain, while maintaining the similar treatment plan qualities on the thirteen patients treated previously. The algorithm has the flexibility with regard to the beam arrangements and can be integrated in the treatment planning system for clinical application directly.
A classification method for adaptive relay protection setting system based on clustering analysis

With the scale expansion of the distribution network and the improvement of the level of equipments automation, the network structure is transforming from radial and tree structure to the ring or even mesh structure gradually. Considering the high penetration of DGs in future, the operating environment will become more complicated. The relay based on off-line pickup setting pattern can't isolate faults quickly and accurately. It would hardly meet the development needs of smart distribution network and the user requirements. This paper proposed a method based on clustering analyze to classify the operating modes into different categories which have apparent disparity between them. According to the classification, the relay with several pickup values could become adaptive to most of the operating modes.
Integrating recognition elements with nanomaterials for bacteria sensing

Pathogenic bacterial contamination is a major threat to human health and safety. In this review, we summarize recent strategies for the integration of recognition elements with nanomaterials for the detection and sensing of pathogenic bacteria. Nanoprobes can provide sensitive and specific detection of bacterial cells, which can be applied across multiple applications and industries.
Article 6 [Women with Disabilities]

Currently, the CRPD is the only core human rights treaty that expressly protects women with disabilities. Article 6 fills the vacuum of the CEDAW which does not mention women with disabilities and, in line with the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities of 1993, the Beijing Declaration of 1995 and the CRC, extends the protection to girls with disabilities.
Association Between Night Waking and Child Health During the First 3 Years of Life.

ABSTRACT:Objective:Night awakening is a common concern for parents and professionals in early childhood and a risk factor for child growth and development. This study examined the concurrent and longitudinal associations of night awakening with child health and illness during the first 3 years of li
Hosting a Tent City: Student Engagement and Homelessness.

In response to increasing homelessness in our city, Seattle Pacific University invited a homeless encampment (Tent City) to reside on our university campus for three months. This provided an opportunity to engage students on issues of poverty and inequality. Building from a service-learning model, we devised course work around homelessness and applied research. Students took a two-quarter course sequence to become knowledgeable about homelessness and sociological research methods in order to collect field observations and conduct interviews with Tent City residents. Based on student reflections, stereotypes about homelessness were challenged and social distance between students and people who were homeless was reduced. Student exposure to homelessness through faculty-guided research is an effective tool in developing a sociological imagination and an important step in fostering agents of social change.
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Bromide Sparging Crystallization of Chloride and Bromide Metal Salts

ABSTRACT The Bureau of Mines investigated the effects of hydrogen halide (HCl or HBr) concentration and temperature on the solubility and hydration state of AlCl3, CaCl2, CoCl2, LiCl, MgCl2, NiCl2, KCl, NaCl, AlBr3, CoBr2, PbBr2, MnBr2, KBr, and NaBr. Saturated aqueous solutions of the chloride and bromide salts were sparged with HCl and HBr gas, respectively, until acid saturation was reached. All salts except CoBr2 and MnBr2 were sparged at 20°, 40°, and 60° C; CoBr2 and MnBr2 were sparged only at 20° C. Increased acid concentration caused the salts to crystallize out because of the common ion effect, for all investigated halides except PbBr2. CoBr2 and CoCl2 crystallized out and had minimum solubilities at intermediate acid concentrations, and then increased in solubility because of the formation of bromide and chloride complexes at higher acid concentrations. PbBr2 was minimally soluble in water and increased in solubility as HBr concentration increased. The data agree with literature values obtained from long-term equilibrium tests. Hydration states of the salted-out chlorides and bromides were determined by Schreinemakers' wet-residue method. Hydration states depended on temperature and acid concentration.
New evidence for the second conduction band in 4H SiC

Differential absorption measurements were taken on ultra-pure boule pieces and epitaxial films of 4H SiC. The energy range of particular interest is from 3.40 eV to 3.52 eV. The free exciton energy gap associated with the second lowest conduction band at the M point in the Brillouin zone was determined to be E GX.2 = 3.4107 eV. This value is obtained from phonon assisted free exciton transitions involving the second conduction band measured in transmission with polarization E⊥c. The energy separation of the two lowest conduction bands is determined to be 144 ± 2 meV. Some replica peaks attributable to the spin orbit splitting in the valence band are also seen.
Pursuing retributive and reparative justice within Cambodia

This chapter seeks to provide an overview of the transitional justice mechanisms through which successive Cambodian governments have sought to address the crimes of the Khmer Rouge, namely, the People’s Revolutionary Tribunal, and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (‘ECCC’). As will be seen, these mechanisms have predominantly pursued retributive justice as a means of addressing the past, through their focus on the criminal prosecution of those deemed most responsible for the Khmer Rouge regime’s crimes. However, it appears that the ECCC has also sought to incorporate more reparative forms of justice through its incorporation of victim participation, reparations and other non-judicial measures. This chapter will examine the extent to which the mechanisms have successfully pursued these justice goals. It will begin by considering the work of the People’s Revolutionary Tribunal in part one, and then turn to the ECCC in part two. Although in the ECCC’s case it is perhaps too early to draw definitive conclusions, the chapter will conclude with some tentative observations on the extent to which the two mechanisms have successfully aided Cambodia’s transition from its violent past.
A Comprehensive Gauging System Based on a Single Board Computer for Control of Sheet Material Production

Abstract A comprehensive gauging system is described that is based on a single board computer and PASCAL software. This system is used in the plastics, rubber and paper industries producing continuous sheet materials to measure and control critical parameters such as thickness, grammage, caliper and moisture content. The unique design gives reliability, low power consumption and ease of maintenance: it is also inexpensive and systems can be tailored easily to customer requirements. Applications to measurement and control of sheet materials produced in cast film/sheet extruders, calenders (plastics, rubber etc), coaters/converters and paper machines are outlined.
GNAS mutations in primary mucinous and non-mucinous lung adenocarcinomas

GNAS mutations have been described in mucinous and non-mucinous epithelial neoplasms of the appendix, pancreas, and colon, with hotspot GNAS mutations found in up to two-thirds of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Additionally, many GNAS-mutated tumors have concurrent mutations in the Ras/Raf pathway. The clinicopathologic features of GNAS-mutated lung carcinomas, however, have not yet been characterized. Primary lung carcinomas from Brigham and Women's Hospital (n=1282) or Massachusetts General Hospital (n=1070) were genotyped on a targeted massively parallel sequencing panel of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including GNAS. Clinical and pathological features were reviewed, and TTF-1 immunohistochemistry was performed when material was available. Nineteen lung adenocarcinomas with hotspot GNAS mutations were identified (19/2352, 0.8%) including 14 at codon 201 and 5 at codon 227. GNAS-mutated lung adenocarcinomas occurred predominantly in female patients (16/19, 84%). Ten (10) were classified as invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMA), and nine (9) were non-mucinous adenocarcinomas. All IMAs had GNAS codon 201 mutations and concurrent Ras/Raf pathway mutations (9 KRAS, 1 BRAF). No tumors with GNAS codon 227 mutations had mucinous histological features. 86% of GNAS-mutated non-mucinous adenocarcinomas (6/7) were positive for TTF-1 immunohistochemistry, while only 25% of GNAS-mutated IMAs (1/4) were positive for TTF-1. Patients with GNAS-mutated non-mucinous adenocarcinomas were more likely to have a history of smoking (9/9, 100%) compared to patients with GNAS-mutated IMAs (2/10, 20%) (P<0.001). Hotspot GNAS mutations can occur in primary lung adenocarcinomas. When associated with concurrent mutations in the Ras/Raf pathway, these neoplasms often present as IMAs. GNAS mutations are not specific to neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, and clinicopathologic correlation is necessary in GNAS-mutated adenocarcinomas in the lung to determine the primary site of origin.
Experimental Flight Characterization of Spin Stabilized Projectiles at High Angle of Attack

Abstract : The goal of this study was to better understand the flight of spin-stabilized projectiles at high angle of attack for improved delivery accuracy of indirect fires. Experiments successfully captured flight motions over 40 angle of attack around Mach 0.8 using advanced spark range techniques. Flight analysis validated analytical expressions, kinematics, and dynamics with mass asymmetries, aerodynamic modeling, and parameter estimation algorithms. Significant nonlinearities in angle of attack were quantified in the axial force and Magnus moment with more-linear behavior found in the normal force and pitching moment. Stability analysis indicated that this vehicle does not fly below 3 angle of attack and likely suffers instabilities around 3 angle of attack. These results ultimately improve impact point prediction for applications such as high-arcing, spin-stabilized munitions.
Kerr-microresonator combs for low-noise frequency synthesis (Conference Presentation)

Microresonator frequency combs, or microcombs, provide a new opportunity for ultra-compact and chip-integrated optical and microwave frequency synthesis. A high-Q dielectric microresonator pumped by a continuous wave laser generates a frequency comb (typically 10-1000 GHz mode spacing) via parametric four‑wave mixing. Due to the tight waveguide confinement and high nonlinearity of the integrated-photonics platform, comb generation occurs with only milliwatts of input power. Additionally, precise geometric control of the waveguide dispersion has led to ultra‑broad bandwidth microcombs suitable for f-2f self-referencing. We have leveraged these advances to demonstrate a dual microcomb optical frequency synthesizer that employs inter-locked silicon nitride and silica microcombs. A silicon nitride resonator with 1 THz mode spacing provides an octave-spanning spectra for self-referencing and connection of the 200 THz pump laser to the silicon nitride repetition rate. The mode-spacing of this comb is subsequently phase-locked with a 22 GHz silica comb that provides the countable repetition rate and final link between microwave and optical domains. This dual microcomb system thus forms a backbone in the telecom C-band against which a tunable chip-integrated laser is phase-locked with user-defined frequency at 1 Hz resolution and absolute accuracy. The core elements of this system are fully reversible, and can also be used to generate low-noise microwaves on both short and long timescales.
Atypical Presentation of Lemierre’s Syndrome Causing Septic Shock and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Lemierre’s disease is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by an oropharyngeal infection complicating with thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and disseminated abscesses. We are presenting a case of a young female who initially presented with fevers, chills, sore throat, and swollen neck later developed progressively worsening shortness of breath along with sudden onset pleuritic chest pain. She then developed progressively worsening acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Interval chest X-ray showed worsening bilateral effusions. She also developed septic shock requiring pressors. Blood culture showed Fusobacterium, and antibiotics were changed accordingly following which there was a clinical improvement. The diagnosis of Lemierre’s syndrome was then established based on her presenting age and bilateral pulmonary empyema in the setting of septicemia with Fusobacterium.
The Effect of Fungal Toxins on the Germination of Mitospores from Thermophilic Fungi

Fungi in several genera produce toxins that vary in toxicity to humans and animals. The most prominent fungal toxins are those that are used as antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, and their effect on pathogenic microbes is well known. The lesser known fungal toxins include those produced by Penicillium species (citreoviridin, penicillic acid, gliotoxin, patulin), Aspergillus species (aflatoxin, citrinin, gliotoxin, helvolic acid, ochratoxin, patulin), Trichoderma species (gliotoxin), Stemphilium (radicinin), Gibberella and Fusarium (zearalanone). Some toxigenic fungi (A. fumigatus A. flavus A. parasiticus) grow on stored vegetation and compost contributing to their decay while releasing toxin. Since both mesophilic and thermophilic fungi grow on these substrates their spores would be exposed to fungal toxins and spore germination could be affected. A few studies have been done on the effects of fungal toxins on the germination of spores from mesophilic fungi (Brian and Hemming, 1945; Reiss, 1973; Deshmukh and Agrawal, 1984), and only one report (Thakre and Johri, 1973) was found dealing with the effects of fungal toxins on the germination of spores from thermophilic fungi. Furthermore, several studies have been done concerning the effects of fungal toxins on the germination of tracheophyte spores, pollen, and seeds (Reynolds et al., 1978; Jones et al., 1980; Dashek et al., 1981a; Dashek et al., 1981b; Dashek et al., 1982; Llewellyn et al., 1982; Llewellyn et al., 1985) to determine the effects of toxins on the germination of these structures or to use their germination in toxin solutions as a bioassay for toxin.
Piloted guidance and control of the Saturn V launch vehicle.

The characteristics of man as a part of a vehicle control loop are studied within the context established by the potential roles of the astronaut in guidance and control of the Saturn V launch vehicle. Emphasis is placed on astronaut participation during the atmospheric phase of the flight profile.
Relapse Prevention for Eating Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses primarily on the research and practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and relapse prevention (RP) for Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Theory-driven, manual-based CBT is the treatment of choice for both BN and BED. CBT for BN and BED generally consists of approximately 20 weekly sessions. The core elements of CBT for BN and BED include creating a written self-monitoring record of all food consumed including during binges, weighing weekly, and planning meal times so as to consume three meals and two to three snacks, separated by no more than three to four hours. It is found that RP is prepared for throughout CBT since, while striving for abstinence from binge eating, patients often succumb and binge, and have the chance to practice coping with a lapse. Identifying the predictors of relapse can help researchers determine the elements to target to prevent relapse more effectively. It is found that mindfulness could potentially help patients with stress management, eating with greater awareness and satisfaction, and coping with negative affect and urges to binge.
Reauthorizing the 'War on Terror': The Legal and Policy Implications of the AUMF's Coming Obsolescence

The 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force, passed in the uncertain days after the September 11 attacks, has provided the legal basis for the “war on terror” for over ten years. The AUMF authorizes the president to use “all necessary and appropriate force” to deter future attacks by those responsible for the September 11 attacks. This statute, however, suffers from a fatal flaw: anchored to the perpetrators of September 11, the AUMF is increasingly anachronistic. By now, the threat from Al Qaeda itself has been effectively neutralized, while the threat from other terrorist organizations around the world increases. Congress, however, has failed to pass a new authorization, despite recent efforts. The statute’s impending demise presents three options to U.S. policymakers – forego military operations against terrorist groups, pass a “new” AUMF, or rely on alternative legal authorities to justify the United States’ global counterterrorism efforts. This article argues that reauthorizing military force is the United States’ best option, but with significant changes to the AUMF. Military operations will be a critical component of counterterrorism operations for at least the near term, while relying on alternative legal authority would necessitate either a return to excessively broad and legally unstable assertions of inherent executive power or adoption of a destabilizing understanding of the international law of self-defense. In light of the dearth of attractive choices and the problematic language of the current AUMF, this article lays out a framework for approaching reauthorization of military force against terrorist organizations, and argues for a particularized approach consonant with democratic principles and sound counterterrorism policy. A new AUMF should not only stand apart from the September 11 attacks, but also include clearer parameters of the Executive Branch’s ability to target terrorists with military force.
Explaining Bi-Directional Spillovers from the Same Event: Theory and Evidence from CEO Deaths

In this study, we unpack why a single event affecting a focal firm may be expected to have opposing spillover effects to other related firms. We contextualize our theorization and our specific hypotheses by focusing on how the sudden death of a CEO triggers spillover effects onto other listed firms. We contrast the positive spillover predictions based on competitive interdependence with negative spillover predictions based on entitativity perception due to category similarity. In particular, we examine three key dimensions that may generate both positive and negative spillover effects – size similarity, geographic proximity, and demographic similarity of CEOs. We test our predictions by examining investor reactions of 54,819 firms to the 49 sudden deaths of CEOs between 1993 and 2016. Our results indicate that both spillovers co-exist. Theoretical implications are discussed.
The Role of Dopant Ionic Radius in O2- — Conducting Solid Electrolytes

The oxides of the fluorite structure (ZrO2, CeO2, ThO2, HfO2) have proved to be attractive systems for the study of mass transport. The focus has been primarily on transport on the oxygen-ion sublattice, for the cations are known to migrate much more slowly and, in fact, the entire cation sublattice is generally frozen-in below ∿ 1000 °C.l Migration on the oxygen-ion sublattice can be enhanced by the introduction of oxygen vacancies, V o ¨ , through doping with lower valent cations. The study of such ionic transport is stimulated, in part, by the actual and potential applications of such oxides as oxygen sensors and oxygen-ion conductors in high-temperature fuel cells.2 Stabilized zirconia has received the most attention, but that material requires ∿ 8 mole %; of dopant to stabilize the fluorite structure. Ceria and thoria, on the other hand, are more versatile for fundamental studies since they possess the fluorite structure in the pure state; thus it is possible to study the entire range, from very low to high dopant concentrations.
Formalism in American Contract Law: Classical and Contemporary

This essay compares classical and contemporary formalism in American contract law. Using the work of Samuel Williston as an example, it argues that there are some unappreciated similarities between the two types of formalism, but also one major difference: compared to contemporary formalism, classical formalism was dramatically undertheorized. Given what they saw as their project, the classicists' lack of interest in theory is understandable. Unlike today's legal academics, classicists did not see themselves primarily as members of the university world. They thought of themselves primarily as lawyers and directed their scholarship primarily towards the profession. More than anything else, the difference between classical and contemporary formalism can be explained by the changing self-image of the American legal academy.
Cardiorespiratory effects of variable pressure thoracic insufflation in cats undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery

Objective To evaluate the effects of intrathoracic insufflation on cardiorespiratory variables and working space in cats undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery. Study design Prospective randomized study. Animals Six healthy cats. Methods Cats were anesthetized using a standardized protocol. A Swan-Ganz catheter was positioned in the pulmonary artery under fluoroscopic guidance for measurement of cardiac output. Intrathoracic pressures (ITP) of 0 (baseline), 3, and 5 mm Hg were induced with CO2 and maintained for 30 minutes. Statistical comparison of cardiorespiratory variables was performed. After the procedures, all cats were recovered from anesthesia. Videos of thoracic working space at each ITP level were scored in a blinded fashion by 3 board-certified surgeons using a numerical scale from 0-10. Results All cats tolerated insufflation with 3 and 5 mm Hg for 30 minutes without oxygen desaturation, although ventilatory levels had to be increased substantially to maintain eucapnia and oxygenation. Cardiac index was not significantly different from baseline after 30 minutes at 3 mm Hg but was significantly lower after 30 minutes at 5 mm Hg compared with 3 mm Hg. Oxygen delivery was unaffected by 3 or 5 mm Hg compared with baseline. Scores for working space increased between baseline and 3 and 5 mm Hg but were not different between 3 and 5 mm Hg. Conclusion CO2 insufflation to 5 mm Hg seems well tolerated in healthy cats, provided ventilatory settings are substantially increased as ITP increases. Clinical significance Thoracic CO2 insufflation of 3 mm Hg in cats during video-assisted thoracic surgery is associated with less hemodynamic perturbation than 5 mm Hg insufflation and may provide the benefit of improved working space compared with baseline.
An Integrated Top-down and Bottom-up Task Allocation Approach in Social Sensing based Edge Computing Systems

With the advance of mobile computing, Internet of Things, and 5G networks, social sensing based edge computing (SSEC) systems have emerged as a new computation paradigm where people and their personally owned devices collect and process sensing measurements about the physical world at the edge of networks. In this paper, we focus on the task allocation problem in SSEC where rational edge devices are motivated by incentives to collectively accomplish the computation tasks in the system. Several unique challenges exist to solve this problem: (i) the edge devices often do not share the complete context information (e.g., CPU, memory usage) in the task allocation process due to privacy concerns; (ii) the edge devices are rational actors who may have competing objectives with the application; (iii) the application server and edge devices are usually owned by different entities, making the coordination in task allocation more challenging. This paper develops a novel integrated Top-Down and Bottom-Up (TDBU) task allocation framework to address these challenges. In particular, TDBU incorporates abottom-up game-theoretic model that allows the edge devices to specify their task preferences in a way that maximizes their payoffs. It also incorporates atop-down control model that ensures the performance of the applications using control theory. The TDBU was implemented on a real-world edge computing testbed that consists of heterogeneous devices (Jetson TX1, TK1 boards, Raspberry Pi3). We compared the performance of TDBU with state-of-the-art baselines through a real-world social sensing application. The results showed that our solution significantly outperformed the baselines in various application settings.
Empirical Development of Ozone Isopleths: Applications to Los Angeles

Understanding quantitative relationships between ambient ozone concentrations and precursor emissions is important to policymakers and stakeholders. Such relationships are often captured as ozone i...
High-throughput calculations of catalytic properties of bimetallic alloy surfaces

A comprehensive database of chemical properties on a vast set of transition metal surfaces has the potential to accelerate the discovery of novel catalytic materials for energy and industrial applications. In this data descriptor, we present such an extensive study of chemisorption properties of important adsorbates - e.g., C, O, N, H, S, CHx, OH, NH, and SH - on 2,035 bimetallic alloy surfaces in 5 different stoichiometric ratios, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. To our knowledge, it is the first systematic study to compile the adsorption properties of such a well-defined, large chemical space of catalytic interest. We propose that a collection of catalytic properties of this magnitude can assist with the development of machine learning enabled surrogate models in theoretical catalysis research to design robust catalysts with high activity for challenging chemical transformations. This database is made publicly available through the platform www.Catalysis-hub.org for easy retrieval of the data for further scientific analysis. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
A New Class of Organized Self- Assembled Monolayers: Alkane Thiols on GaAs (100)

results from the chiral interactions of one trigonal face predisposing the other toward assembling in an analogous fashion, thus en- hancing the same metal chirality. These results show that the amide proton is an important feature in the stability of metal complexes of entcrobactin. The solid- and solution-state CD spectra of
Characterization of nonmelanoma skin cancer with multimodal imaging

To guide intervention planning of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the tumor thickness and functional contrast is desired. The results indicate multimodal imaging can provide accurate structural and enhanced contrasts in NMSC.
Care of Elderly People with Low Vision

The nature and extent of visual impairment among the elderly and their implications for health planning are described. Important components of the low vision examination, the kinds of low vision ai...
Examining the Longitudinal Effect of Spanking on Young Latinx Child Behavior Problems

Spanking is a divisive discipline practice in the USA and is considered an inappropriate and harmful discipline tactic by some scholars and practitioners. However, increased diversity in the USA has contributed to varying cultural beliefs regarding discipline, which in turn influences child development. While prior literature has examined correlates of spanking, few studies have examined its impact on Latinx children over time. We examined the use of spanking by Mexican-American (n = 185) and Dominican-American mothers (n = 141) across three time points. The main objective was to investigate whether maternal spanking predicted externalizing problems in young Latinx youth overtime. Families were recruited from public urban schools. Data were collected when children were 4-, 5- and 6-years old. A three-wave cross-lagged multi-group path analysis examined the potential reciprocal relationships between maternal spanking and child externalizing behaviors. According to cross-sectional linear regression models, spanking was concurrently associated with behavior problems at all three time points. However, the results of the cross-lagged multi-group path analyses showed that spanking did not predict subsequent behavior problems, nor did behavior problems predict subsequent spanking. The impact of spanking on child behavior may not be long-lasting in all Latinx families. Spanking and youth externalizing problems are concurrently and positively related; however, maternal use of spanking as a means of discipline did not result in negative and long term effects on child externalizing problems. Implications for practice with Latinx families are explored.
Toward a Model of Food Sovereignty in Egypt and Tunisia

First paragraph: Food sovereignty,” write Habib Ayeb and Ray Bush, “is a framework and set of policy praxis that prioritises the principle and policies to deliver food as a human right rather than as just another com­modity exchanged for cash or kind. People’s sur­vival depends on growing and distrib­uting food, which can only be provided in a sustainable way if it is made part of national and public sovereignty” (2019, p. 150). This insight lands with particular poignancy in the context of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, when urban and rural communities across the globe face issues of food access and agricultural laborers are con­stantly exposed to COVID threats in order to continue supplying consumers with produce (Wozniacka, 2020). Ayeb and Bush’s monograph thus centers around food sovereignty, a concept which advocates for not only access to food, but the ability of producers and consumers to partici­pate in decisions around what is produced and how it is produced and consumed (La Via Campesina, 2003). . . .
Dietl crisis: Presentation and imaging findings in a 7-year-old boy

Intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction, or Dietl crisis, is a rare entity with sparse reports in published literature. Establishing the diagnosis is challenging given its intermittent nature. We report a case of Dietl crisis, focusing on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU) findings in a 7-year-old boy with recurrent episodes of colicky abdominal pain prompting multiple visits to the emergency department. Severe left hydronephrosis was visualized on US during one episode with complete resolution on follow-up US. MRU demonstrated severe left hydronephrosis with delayed calyceal transit time, time-to-peak enhancement, and excretion. There was no aberrant blood vessel. Surgical pyeloplasty provided complete symptomatic resolution. MRU can be a valuable tool in eliciting and dynamically confirming the diagnosis of Dietl crisis.