cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investors’ Reaction to Environmental Performance: A Global Perspective of the Newsweek ’s “Green Rankings”

We use event study analysis to determine whether the release of Newsweek’s “Global 100 Ranking” is relevant for the market. We look at one- and two-day event windows to check two possible reactions of the market: changes in the value of an equal-weight portfolio, and changes in the relative price of the stocks. The results show that the market reacted to the “Global 100 Ranking” by changing the relative price of the stocks, but not the value of the portfolio. Specifically, getting one position closer to the top of Newsweek’s “Global 100 Green Rankings” increases the value of an average firm in the list by eleven million dollars. There is also some evidence of a stronger reaction of non-US-traded stocks compared to US-traded ones. Non-heavy sector stocks display a more robust reaction than heavy sector stocks. We find that investors in US-traded stocks are interested in past environmental performance and managerial quality, while the second is more relevant for investors in non-US-traded stocks. Results are robust to alternative model specifications.
Addition of aprotinin to organ preservation solutions decreases lung reperfusion injury

Abstract Background . Organ preservation injury is associated with endothelial cell damage, destabilization of mitochondrial and cell membranes, and the release of proteolytic enzymes. In addition to its well-known clinical effect of reducing perioperative blood loss, aprotinin has antiproteolytic and membrane-stabilizing properties. We hypothesized that adding aprotinin to Euro-Collins (EC) and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions would decrease preservation injury in cultured endothelial cells and a whole organ rat lung model. Methods . Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured and stored in the respective solution at 4°C for 12 or 48 hours. Endothelial cell viability after storage was assessed by dimethylthiazole tetrazolium cytotoxicity assay. In the whole organ model, rat lungs were isolated, flushed with the respective solution, and stored at 4°C for 6 or 12 hours. The lungs were ventilated with 100% O 2 and reperfused with fresh blood. Alveolar–arterial O 2 difference, O 2 tension, capillary filtration coefficient, and compliance were determined. Results . Endothelial cell viability was optimized with the addition of aprotinin to EC and UW at a dose of 150 KIU/mL (0.02 mg/mL). In the isolated perfused lung model, after 6 hours of ischemic storage, aprotinin-enhanced (100 KIU/mL [0.014 mg/mL]) EC and UW decreased alveolar–arterial O 2 difference, increased O 2 tension, and decreased capillary filtration coefficient compared with EC and UW alone. After 12 hours of ischemic storage, aprotinin-enhanced EC and UW decreased alveolar–arterial O 2 difference, increased O 2 tension, decreased capillary filtration coefficient, and increased compliance compared with EC and UW alone. Conclusions . The addition of aprotinin to EC and UW solutions increases endothelial cell viability in hypoxic cold storage conditions. In terms of whole organ function, aprotinin improves lung preservation as demonstrated by increased oxygenation and compliance, and decreased capillary permeability. This study is clinically applicable as there is already extensive experience with the use of aprotinin in heart and lung transplant recipients, in addition to its routine use in conventional cardiac operations.
Suppression of Stationary Planetary Waves by Internal Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere

Abstract The suppression of stationary planetary waves by internal gravity waves in the mesosphere is treated using a quasi-geostrophic model on a midlatitude beta-plane. The drag forces due to internal gravity waves are parameterized based on the wave breaking assumption recently proposed by Lindzen. In the present model the vertical propagation of internal gravity waves is affected not only by mean zonal wind distribution but also by eastward and northward velocity perturbations associated with stationary planetary waves, viz., the total local velocity. Numerical mulls show that the drag force due to breaking internal gravity waves acts like a Rayleigh friction, and the amplitudes of stationary planetary waves in the mesosphere are much reduced by this effect. Equivalent Rayleigh friction coefficients are also presented.
An Introduction to “Anarchism, Socialism and Social Reform” by John Bates Clark

John Bates Clark (1847â€“1938) holds a secure position in the history of American economic thought. Specifically, he is remembered for developing the marginal product theory of distribution, which was presented in its most complete form in The Distribution of Wealth (1899). However, Clark's primary intellectual commitment has been largely overlooked. This was his search for the rules and institutions that would create a prosperous economy featuring a just distribution while maintaining the essential structures of competitive capitalism.
Sparse recovery with graph constraints: Fundamental limits and measurement construction

This paper addresses the problem of sparse recovery with graph constraints in the sense that we can take additive measurements over nodes only if they induce a connected subgraph. We provide explicit measurement constructions for several special graphs. A general measurement construction algorithm is also proposed and evaluated. For any given graph G with n nodes, we derive order optimal upper bounds of the minimum number of measurements needed to recover any k-sparse vector over G (M k,n G). Our study suggests that M k,n G may serve as a graph connectivity metric.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Elastohydrodynamic Line Contact

A numerical solution of an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact between two long rough surface cylinders is obtained. A simultaneous solution of an elasticity equation and the Reynolds equation for two partially lubricated rough surfaces is used to obtain a theoretical solution of pressure distribution, elastohydrodynamic load and film thicknesses for given speeds. A theoretical solution is also found for lubricants with pressure dependent viscosity, material properties of cylinders, and surface roughness parameters. Elastic deformation is found from hydrodynamic and contact pressure using plane strain analysis, and results indicate that for a constant central film thickness, increasing the surface roughness decreases the EHL load and there is little variation in minimum film thicknesses as the surface roughness is increased.
Stock market trading activity and returns around milestones

Abstract We study the relation between daily stock market trading activity and the Dow Jones Industrial Average's (DJIA) movement around millenary milestones—numbers that end in three zeros. We find aggregate turnover to be 5% lower when the DJIA level is less than 1% away from the nearest milestone. The effect emerges as the DJIA approaches a milestone from below, and is stronger for first-time milestones compared to subsequent passages. The aggregate price impact is large, such that daily stock returns show a negative abnormal performance of − 10 basis points. Our findings suggest that millenary milestones of the DJIA play a role in some investors' decision making.
Fast computation of Lyot-style coronagraph propagation

We present a new method for numerical propagation through Lyot-style coronagraphs using finite occulting masks. Standard methods for coronagraphic simulations involve Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) of very large arrays, and computing power is an issue for the design and tolerancing of coronagraphs on segmented Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) in order to handle both the speed and memory requirements. Our method combines a semi-analytical approach with non-FFT based Fourier transform algorithms. It enables both fast and memory-efficient computations without introducing any additional approximations. Typical speed improvements based on computation costs are of about ten to fifty for propagations from pupil to Lyot plane, with thirty to sixty times less memory needed. Our method makes it possible to perform numerical coronagraphic studies even in the case of ELTs using a contemporary commercial laptop computer, or any standard commercial workstation computer.
Units of Measurement and the Stone Index in Demand System Estimation

The Stone index typically used in estimating linear almost ideal demand systems is not invariant to changes in units of measurement, which may seriously affect the approximation properties of the model. A modification to the Stone index, or use of a regular price index instead, are both desirable practices in estimating linear AI models.
Thermal Contact Resistance in Vacuum

Similar or dissimilar materials thermal contact resistance in vacuum with negligible film effect, obtaining constriction resistance
ADAPTIVE APPEARANCE BASED FACE RECOGNITION

In this paper, we present an adaptive appearance based face recognition framework that combines the efficiency of global approaches and the robustness of local approaches together. The framework uses a novel eye locator to select an appropriate scheme for appearance based recognition. The eye locator first locates eye candidates via a new strength assignment, determined by the dissimilarity between the local appearance of an image point and the appearance of its neighboring points. Then the eye locator applies a simple but flexible model (half-circle snake) to the local context of the eye candidates in order to either refine the location of an eye candidate or discard non-eye candidates. We show the performance of our framework by testing on challenging face datasets containing extreme expressions, severe occlusions, and varied lighting conditions.
Torsional Oscillations of the Sun

A series of digitized synoptic observations of solar magnetic and velocity fields has been carried out at the Mount Wilson Observatory since 1967. In recent studies (Howard and LaBonte, 1980; LaBonte and Howard, 1981), the existence of slow, large-scale torsional (toroidal) oscillations of the Sun has been demonstrated. Two modes have been identified. The first is a travelling wave, symmetric about the equator, with wave number 2 per hemisphere. The pattern-alternately slower and faster than the average rotation-starts at the poles and drifts to the equator in an interval of 22 years. At any one latitude on the Sun, the period of the oscillation is 11 years, and the amplitude is 3 m s-1. The magnetic flux emergence that is seen as the solar cycle occurs on average at the latitude of one shear zone of this oscillation. The amplitude of the shear is quite constant from the polar latitudes to the equator. The other mode of torsional oscillation, superposed on the first mode, is a wave number 1 per hemisphere pattern consisting of faster than average rotation at high latitudes around solar maximum and faster than average rotation at low latitudes near solar minimum. The amplitude of the effect is about 5 m s-1. For the first mode, the close relationship in latitude between the activity-related magnetic flux eruption and the torsional shear zone suggests strongly that there is a close connection between these motions and the cycle mechanism. It has been suggested (Yoshimura, 1981; Schussler, 1981) that the effect is caused by a subsurface Lorentz force wave resulting from the dynamo action of magnetic flux ropes. But, this seems unlikely because of the high latitudes at which the shear wave is seen to originate and the constancy of the magnitude of the shear throughout the life time of the wave.
Arsenic and atherosclerosis

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between environmental or occupational arsenic exposure and a risk of vascular diseases related to atherosclerosis. Studies summarized in this review suggest that arsenic induces endothelial dysfunction, including inflammatory and coagulating activity as well as impairs nitric oxide (NO) balance. This may provide the pathophysiological basis for atherogenic potential of arsenic. Consistent with these data, arsenic accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice, a model of human atherosclerosis.
Queues as Harris recurrent Markov chains

We present a framework for representing a queue at arrival epochs as a Harris recurrent Markov chain (HRMC). The input to the queue is a marked point process governed by a HRMC and the queue dynamics are formulated by a general recursion. Such inputs include the cases of i.i.d, regenerative, Markov modulated, Markov renewal and the output from some queues as well. Since a HRMC is regenerative, the queue inherits the regenerative structure. As examples, we consider split & match, tandem, G/G/c and more general skip forward networks. In the case of i.i.d. input, we show the existence of regeneration points for a Jackson type open network having general service and interarrivai time distributions.
Optimal design of a PZT bimorph actuator for minimally invasive surgery

A metamodel-based presented is developed to optimize the force and displacement performance of a piezoceramic bimorph actuator. A segmented design with a variable piezoceramic layer thickness is proposed, where the thicknesses of discrete piezoceramic segments are used as the design variables. Design of experiments and metamodeling techniques are employed to construct computationally inexpensive approximations of finite element simulations of the PZT bimorph actuator. The metamodels are then used in lieu of the actual FEM for optimization. Design objectives include maximum tip deflection, maximum grasping force, and maximum work available at the tip. The metamodels are also used to rapidly generate the design space and identify the Pareto frontier for the competing design objectives of maximum deflection and maximum force. The accuracy and efficacy of two types of metamodels -- response surfaces and kriging models -- are compared in this study. By optimizing the thickness of the piezoceramic layers, and by allowing the voltage applied to each segment to vary, dramatic improvements in deflection and force are obtained when compared to a standard straight bimorph actuator. The motivation for this design is the need in the field of minimally invasive surgery for improved grasping tools, where a pair of optimized bimorph actuators can be used as a simple grasping device.
A re-evaluation of two key reagents for in vivo studies of Wnt signaling.

Conditional mutations and transcription-based reporters are important new tools for exploring the dynamic functions of biological pathways in vivo. While studying the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in cartilage, we observed that the β-catenin-dependent reporter TOPGAL was expressed in chondrocytes in which β-catenin was conditionally inactivated using a Col2a1::cre driver. Here we show that in these embryos recombination is complete and full-length β-catenin protein is absent in chondrocytes. Although a null allele in this context, the recombined β-catenin locus produces a stable transcript that encodes a truncated protein. The truncated protein alone fails to activate TOPFLASH, but strongly potentiates reporter activity in the presence of expressed β-catenin or Tcf4. Together, these data show that each mouse model exhibits specific undesirable properties, findings that strongly suggest the need for specific standards to ensure proper validation of this new generation of genetic tools. Developmental Dynamics 240:2060–2068, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
All varieties of bands

The object of this paper is to describe the lattice of varieties of bands, and to present some related results. For example, each variety of bands is defined by exactly one identity from a countably infinite set of identities which we state explicitly. Two results concerning bands contained in an arbitrary variety of bands are stated.
A new convenient approach to the preparation of Z-1-alkenylboronates by the cis-Hydrogenation of 1-Alkynyldiisopropoxyboranes

Abstract Hydrogenation of 1-alkynyldiisopropoxyboranes over Lindlar catalyst in 1,4-dioxane proceeds cleanly to furnish Z-1-alkenylboronates in very high diastereoselectivity, 90–100%.
Light-ray evolution equations and leading-twist parton helicity-dependent nonforward distributions

The authors discuss the calculation of the evolution kernels {Delta}W{sub zeta}(X,Z) for the leading-twist nonforward parton distributions G{sub zeta}(X,t) sensitive to parton helicities. They present their results for the kernels governing evolution of the relevant light-ray operators and describe a simple method allowing to obtain from them the components of the nonforward kernels {Delta} W{sub zeta}(X,Z).
One-pot dehydrations using phenyl isothiocyanate

Abstract Alcohols undergo dehydration in a one-pot procedure when the alkoxide, formed by treating the starting alcohol dissolved in toluene with NaH, reacts with phenyl isothiocyanate and the resulting sodium carbonimidothioate salt is heated overnight at 200 °C. The phenyl isothiocyanate dehydration yields are comparable to those obtained using the classical two-step Chugaev elimination conditions.
What do I do now: suggestions for the frustrated mid-career professional

Librarians, like most professionals, may arrive at a stage in their careers when they start questioning themselves about their job satisfaction and importance. The reasons are many, from not being challenged by their work to abrupt changes in the workplace dictated by management and the economy. At this stage, professionals may begin to feel unappreciated by management and not in control of their work environment. In this piece, I offer some suggestions that could help mid-career librarians to re-energize themselves and survive in a workplace that is in constant flux. How you react to the anxiety of "job disconnect" will affect the rest of your career life. Should you become more proactive at your job, increasing your responsibility and value to your institution? What does your personality have to do with how you adjust to management changes? Does tenure fit into this equation? Should you even think about changing your job at this stage of your career? What other factors could "spice" up your career? Specific strategies and options for each of these questions will be discussed.
Bias detection and estimation in dynamic data reconciliation

Abstract A method for detection and estimation of measurement bias in nonlinear dynamic processes is presented. It employs model-based data reconciliation and requires the examination of the resulting difference between the measured and reconciled values. Since bias is commonly present in process measurements, this technique is an important step toward the ultimate goal of reconciling ‘raw’ process data that may contain bias and gross errors in addition to small random errors. A CSTR example shows that this method does allow for the detection of a single bias in a nonlinear dynamic process whether or not the exact model equations are known.
Method for generating additive shape-invariant potentials from an Euler equation

In the supersymmetric quantum mechanics formalism, the shape invariance condition provides a sufficient constraint to make a quantum mechanical problem solvable, i.e. we can determine its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions algebraically. Since shape invariance relates superpotentials and their derivatives at two different values of the parameter a, it is a non-local condition in the coordinate–parameter (x, a) space. We transform the shape invariance condition for additive shape-invariant superpotentials into two local partial differential equations. One of these equations is equivalent to the one-dimensional Euler equation expressing momentum conservation for inviscid fluid flow. The second equation provides the constraint that helps us determine unique solutions. We solve these equations to generate the set of all known -independent shape-invariant superpotentials and show that there are no others. We then develop an algorithm for generating additive shape-invariant superpotentials including those that depend on explicitly, and derive a new -dependent superpotential by expanding a Scarf superpotential.
Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Marcfortine B

The marcfortine alkaloids are complex indolic secondary metabolites isolated from various Penicillium sp. and are potent anthelmintic agents. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of marcfortine B. The key features of our synthesis are the use of the carboxylative TMM-cycloaddition to construct the central spirocyclic cyclopentane core and an intramolecular Michael-addition and radical cyclization to access its strained bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system.
A fast prediction-error detector for estimating sparse-spike sequences

Based on the maximum-likelihood principle, the authors develop a locally optimal method for detecting the location and estimating the amplitude of spikes in a sequence, which is considered as the random input of a known ARMA (autoregressive moving-average) system. A Bernoulli-Gaussian product model is adopted for the sparse-spike sequence, and the available data consist of a single, noisy, output record. By using a prediction-error formulation, the authors' iterative algorithm guarantees the increase of a unique likelihood function used for the combined estimation/detection problem. Amplitude estimation is carried out with Kalman smoothing techniques, and event detection is performed in two ways, as an event adder and as an event remover. Under certain assumptions, event and amplitude estimators converge to their true values as the signal-to-noise ratio tends to infinity. Synthetic examples verify that the algorithm is self-initialized, consistent, and fast. >
Remittances and financial inclusion : evidence from El Salvador

This paper investigates the impact of remittances on financial inclusion. This is an important issue given recent studies showing that financial inclusion can have significant beneficial effects on households. Using household-level survey data for El Salvador, the authors examine the impact of remittances on households' use of savings and credit instruments from formal financial institutions. They find that although remittances have a positive impact on financial inclusion by promoting the use of deposit accounts, they do not have a significant and robust effect on the demand for and use of credit from formal institutions. If anything, by relaxing credit constraints, remittances might reduce the need for external financing from financial institutions, while at the same time increasing the demand for savings instruments.
Multiple-source Euler deconvolution

Rapid three-dimensional (3-D) source location methods can be extremely useful in framing a subsurface structural model from gravity or magnetic data. However, existing implementations of Euler deconvolution are limited to a single source in each window. This can be a significant limitation in areas of complex structure. We have generalized the method to the multiple-source case, and implemented the 3-D algorithm. Results from synthetic data and from the Gold Acres mining district in Nevada suggest that the new algorithm can be a useful interpretive tool.
Regionalism and world order after the cold war

This chapter seeks to assess the actual and potential contributions of regionalism to the achievement of such world order goals as peace, social justice, human rights and democracy.1 This assessment proceeds by way of discussing, in an introductory section, several main features of the global setting that have become prominent in the early aftermath of the cold war. Against this background, four possible roles for regional actors are depicted: (1) containing negative globalism — basically associated with the adverse impacts of global market forces; (2) mitigating pathological anarchism — the breakdown of minimum order and decency in state/society relations arising from either extremes of excessive control and abuse by the state or of pervasive and dangerous chaos arising from the weakness or breakdown of governance capacity at the level of the state; (3) promoting positive globalism — reinforcing the global capacity to achieve desirable world order goals; and (4) promoting positive regionalism — achieving these goals at a regional level through the strengthening and orientation of regional structures of governance.
Synthesis of polyazapolycyclic caged polynitramines

Abstract Syntheses of new polyazapolycyclic caged polynitramines are described. Sequentially reacting 4,10-dibenzyl-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (5a) with NOBF4 and NO2BF4 in sulfolane solvent produces 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]dodecane, 6). Syntheses of two new polyazapolycyclic caged trinitramines, 3,5,12-trinitro-3,5,12-triazawurtzitane (7a) and 2,4,10-trinitro-2,4,10-triazaadamantane (12a), as well as their labile parent secondary amines, are discussed. A new caged polynitrosamine, 3,5,12-trinitroso-3,5,12-triazawurtzitane (7d), has been obtained by ring-cleavage nitrosation of the new hexamine-wurtzitane compound 3,5,7,9-tetraazahexacyclo-[9.3.1.13,7.02,9.04,13.05,10]-hexadecane (10).
Material-dependent high-frequency current fluctuations of cathodic vacuum arcs: Evidence for the ecton cutoff of the fractal model

Current fluctuations of cathodic arcs were recorded withhigh analog bandwidth (up to 1 GHz) and fast digital sampling (up to 5Gsamples/sec). The power spectral density of the arc current wasdetermined by fast Fourier transform clearly showing material dependent,non-linear features in the frequency domain. These features can beassociated with the non-linear impedance of the conducting channelbetween cathode and anode, driven by the explosive nature of electronemission and plasma formation. The characteristic times of less than 100ns can be associated with individual explosive processes, "ectons," andtherefore represent the short-time physical cutoff for the fractal modelof cathodic arcs.
Helium Star/Black Hole Mergers: A New Gamma-Ray Burst Model

We present a model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in which a stellar mass black hole acquires a massive accretion disk by merging with the helium core of its red giant companion. The black hole enters the helium core after it, or its neutron star progenitor, first experiences a common envelope phase that carries it inward through the hydrogen envelope. Accretion of the last several solar masses of helium occurs on a timescale of roughly a minute and provides a neutrino luminosity of approximately 1051-1052 ergs s−1. Neutrino annihilation, 0.01%-0.1% efficient, along the rotational axis then gives a baryon-loaded fireball of electron-positron pairs and radiation (about 1050 ergs total) whose beaming and relativistic interaction with the circumstellar material makes the GRB (see, e.g., Rees & Meszaros). The useful energy can be greatly increased if energy can be extracted from the rotational energy of the black hole by magnetic interaction with the disk. Such events should occur at a rate comparable to that of merging neutron stars and black hole neutron star pairs and may be responsible for long complex GRBs but not short hard ones.
The beginning of online/retail competition and its origins: An application to personal computers

Abstract This paper measures cross-price elasticity for online and retail personal computers (PCs) across several years. The results indicate that cross-price elasticity for 1996 and 1997 was a statistical 0, while in 1998 it was large and statistically significant (approximately 3.0). I consider both demand-side and supply-side explanations for this change. My demand-side explanations argue that a change in the composition of households shopping in online and retail markets is responsible for the switch. The empirical results suggest that these explanations are not correct. My supply-side explanations argue that changes in business models late in 1997 were responsible instead. The first supply-side explanation says that expansion by firms from single to multiple distribution channels (e.g., expansion from online only to online and retail) drove the new competition. Both Apple and Gateway made such expansions late in 1997, and the data provide some evidence that this contributed to online/retail competition. The second explanation says that the increase in the number of brands offering both physical inspection (through a physical location) and customizability drove the new competition. These changes marked directed efforts to target high-end buyers by both types of suppliers. The data also support this explanation. While I am unable to quantify which has the greater impact, it is clear that online/retail competition began largely because of these two supply-side changes.
Effect of chronic exposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in female rats on ovarian gene expression

Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the effects of many endocrine disruptors and contributes to the loss of fertility in polluted environments. Female rats exposed chronically to environmentally relevant doses of the AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) across their lifespan experience accelerated reproductive senescence preceded by ovarian endocrine disruption. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in ovarian gene expression that accompany the loss of ovarian function caused by chronic exposure to TCDD. Beginning in utero, female Sprague–Dawley rats received TCDD (1, 5, 50, or 200 ng/kg-week; n = 4 per group) or vehicle weekly throughout their lifespan, and were sacrificed on diestrus just prior to loss of reproductive cyclicity at 11 months of age. Microarray analysis was used to determine differences in ovarian gene expression between control and TCDD-treated (200 ng/kg-week) animals. To confirm microarray results, real-time PCR was used to assess changes in gene expression among treatment groups. TCDD treatment decreased (p
Postpartum depression screening scale: Spanish version.

" Background: Postpartum depression is a global phenomenon. " Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Spanish version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS). "Methods: Eight translators representing the predominant Hispanic groups in the United States translated the PDSS into a Spanish version. A total of 377 Hispanic mothers completed the PDSS-Spanish Version within 12 weeks postpartum at two sites: Connecticut and Texas. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory analysis were conducted to assess construct validity. " Results: For the total sample of 377 Hispanic women, the alpha reliability for the total PDSS was.95; dimension-level alphas ranged from.76 to.90. The total PDSS alphas by group were as follows:.94 (Mexican),.96 (Puerto Rican), and.93 (Other). Confirmatory factor analysis provided empirical support for the existence of the hypothesized constructs assessed by the PDSS. Item response theory analysis supported the adequacy of the construct definitions and confirmed that the response options for the Likert categories were an "ordered" attitude continuum in which higher responses corresponded to higher levels of "agreement" with the depressive symptomatology items. " Conclusions: When compared to the original English PDSS, the reliability and validity psychometrics for the Spanish version were slightly lower, but still within the acceptable range.
Ginzburg criterion for the chiral transition

This report is based on the work done together with J.B. Kogut and C.G. Strouthos. We study a Yukawa theory with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and with a large number N of fermions near the finite temperature phase transition. Critical properties in such a system can be described by the mean field theory very close to the transition point. We show that the width of the window of non-trivial scaling is suppressed by a certain power of 1/N. Our Monte Carlo simulations confirm these analytical results. We discuss implications for the chiral phase transition in QCD.
Politics in Brazil, 1930-1964 : An Experiment in Democracy

A thorough study of Brazilian politics from 1930 to 1964, this book begins with Getulio Vargas' fifteen-year-rule - the latter part of which was a virtual dictatorship - and traces the following years of economic difficulty and political turbulenece, culminating in the explosive coup d'etat that overthrew the constitutional government of President Joao Goulart and profoundly changes the nature of Brazils' political institutions. The first book by Thomas E. Skidmore, Politics in Brazil, 1930 - 1964, immediately became the definitive political history in English and in Portuguese of those turbulent times. It was published by OUP in 1967 in hardcover but it has been out of print in recent years. For this 40th anniversary, James Green, who is Skidmore's literary executive and successor at Brown University, will write a new foreword for the book, placing it in the context of the literature.
Nonlinear analysis of a family of LC tuned inverters

A family of four static dc-to-square-wave transistor inverters has been analyzed employing state-plane techniques to describe the quasi -harmonic mode of oscillation commonly encountered in this family, as well as the less familiar relaxation oscillation and its limiting case, discontinuous oscillations. Design guidelines are provided through a study of the sensitivity of parameter changes which affect the oscillation characteristics of the inverter and its frequency stability. The analysis of one particular inverter of this family in which the avalanche breakdown of the transistor emitter-to-base junction occurs is presented. Finally the starting characteristics of this family of inverters are discussed with two illustrative examples. It is shown in this paper that close relationships exist between the family of LC tuned inverters and the previously analyzed saturable-core transistor inverters.
Fossil turbulence revisited

Abstract A theory of fossil turbulence presented in the 11th Liege Colloquium on Marine Turbulence is ‘revisited’ in the 29th Liege Colloquium ‘Marine Turbulence Revisited’. The Gibson [Gibson, C.H., 1980. Fossil temperature, salinity, and vorticity turbulence in the ocean. : Nihoul, J. (Ed.), Marine Turbulence. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 221–257] theory applied universal similarity theories of turbulence and turbulent mixing to the vertical evolution of an isolated patch of turbulence in a stratified fluid as it is constrained and fossilized by buoyancy forces. Towed oceanic microstructure measurements of Schedvin (1979) confirmed the predicted universal constants. Universal constants, spectra, hydrodynamic phase diagrams (HPDs) and other predictions of the theory have been reconfirmed by a wide variety of field and laboratory observations. AT (turbulent activity coefficient) vs. C (Cox number) HPDs classify microstructure patches as active, active-fossil, and fossil turbulence. So do Froude–Reynolds number Fr/Fro vs. Re/ReF plots. Both HPDs show most oceanic microstructure patches are fossilized. The oceanic microstructure community has not yet adopted the fossil turbulence paradigm, for reasons that include a variety of misconceptions about stratified turbulence and turbulent mixing. Confusion of fossilized microstructure with turbulent microstructure leads to vast underestimates of average dissipation rates of kinetic energy e and scalar variance χ, and therefore vast underestimates of vertical fluxes in most ocean layers. Fossil turbulence theory has many applications; for example, in marine biology, laboratory and field measurements suggest phytoplankton species with different swimming abilities adjust their growth strategies differently by pattern recognition of several days of turbulence–fossil–turbulence dissipation and persistence times above threshold values, signaling a developing surface layer sea change. In cosmology, self-gravitational structure masses are interpreted as fossils of primordial hydrodynamic states.
Dispersive Properties of Leaky Interface Waves in Adhesive Layers

There are two types of guided modes we can speak of in connection with adhesive bonds. First, there are the guided modes of the adhesive joint as a sandwich-like, multi-layered structure which are basically Lamb-type plate modes, and second, there are the guided modes of the adhesive layer which are interface modes between two apparently semi-infinite adherend half-spaces (see Fig. 1). Guided modes of the first type have been used for ultrasonic inspection of adhesive bonds for almost fifteen years [1–5], but it became more and more clear that the sensitivity of this technique left much to be desired. It was recently established by the authors that guided modes of the second type offer superior sensitivity to both cohesive and adhesive properties of the adhesive bond [6]. This is not surprising at all since, although the adhesive layer is only a small percentage of the total joint thickness, all defects are expected in this crucial region or on its boundaries. Consequently, an acoustic wave which is effectively confined to this very region should be more sensitive than other modes trapped in the joint as a whole. The main purpose of this paper is to develop the analytical tools needed to study the dispersive properties of guided interface waves in adhesive layers and to compare the corresponding theoretical and experimental dispersion curves.
Metallization of fluid molecular hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar)

Electrical resistivities were measured for liquid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ shock compressed to pressures of 93--180 GPa (0.93--1.8 Mbar). Calculated densities and temperatures were in the range 0.28--0.36 mol/c${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ and 2200--4400 K. Resistivity decreases almost 4 orders of magnitude from 93 to 140 GPa and is essentially constant at a value typical of a liquid metal from 140 to 180 GPa. The data are interpreted in terms of a continuous transition from a semiconducting to metallic diatomic fluid at 140 GPa and 3000 K.
Optimal Taxation with Costly Enforcement and Evasion

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between optimal taxation and optimal tax enforcement. A central question concerns the extent to which revenue should be raised through higher tax rates, which distort behavior, or greater enforcement, which distorts behavior and also entails direct resource costs. In the models examined, some expenditure on enforcement may be optimal despite its resource cost, its distortionary effect, and the availability of other revenue sources having no enforcement costs. Rules for optimal tax rates and enforcement expenditures are derived, which also indicate the marginal cost of government funds and optimal enforcement priorities for a tax collection agency.
Correlation functions in the Itzykson-Zuber model

Then-point function for the integral over unitary matrices with Itzykson-Zuber measure is reduced to the integral over the Gelfand-Tzetlin table; the integrand (for genericn) is given by linear exponential times the rational function. Forn=2 and in some cases forn>2 later in fast is the polynomial and this allows to give an explicit and simple expression for all 2-point and a set ofn-point functions. For the most generaln-point function a simple linear differential equation is constructed.
Continuities and Extensions of Ethical Climate Theory: A Meta-Analytic Review

Using traditional meta-analytic techniques, we compile relevant research to enhance conceptual appreciation of ethical climate theory (ECT) as it has been studied in the descriptive and applied ethics literature. We explore the various treatments of ethical climate to understand how the theoretical framework has developed. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive picture of how the theory has been extended by describing the individual-level work climate outcomes commonly studied in this theoretical context. Meta-analysis allows us to resolve inconsistencies in previous findings as well as confirm the central tenets of the overall ethical climate framework. In addition, we consider the ethical climate relationships in the larger context of the␣theoretical framework, using path analysis to test the structural relationships. Overall, our results provide evidence of the relationships between ethical climate perceptions and individual-level work outcomes. Based on our analyses, we offer future research directions important for further development of ECT.
The many symmetries of Calabi–Yau compactifications

We review the major mathematical concepts involved in the dimensional reduction of D = 11 supergravity theory over a Calabi–Yau manifold with non-trivial complex structure moduli resulting in ungauged D = 5 supergravity theory with hypermultiplets. The latter has a particularly rich structure with many underlying geometries. We reproduce the entire calculation and particularly emphasize its symplectic symmetry and how that arises from the topology of the underlying subspace. The review is intended to fill a specific gap in the literature with the hope that it will be useful to both the beginner and the expert alike.
Recent progress in time–distance helioseismology

Abstract Time–distance helioseismology is one of the local helioseismology techniques that are used to derive the interior properties of the Sun. It has been used to study the structures and flow fields beneath sunspots on local scales, as well as used to derive interior rotational rates and meridional flow velocities on global scales. In addition to the efforts in improving time–distance measurements and inversions, theoretical modeling is also carried out to enhance the accuracy of sensitivity kernels. Recently, by use of realistic numerical simulation on solar convection, we have also started to investigate the validity of time–distance studies.
A Planetary System around HD 155358: The Lowest Metallicity Planet Host Star

We report the detection of two planetary mass companions to the solar-type star HD 155358. The two planets have orbital periods of 195.0 and 530.3 days, with eccentricities of 0.11 and 0.18. The minimum masses for these planets are 0.89 and 0.50 MJ, respectively. The orbits are close enough to each other, and the planets are sufficiently massive, that the planets are gravitationally interacting with each other, with their eccentricities and arguments of periastron varying with periods of 2300-2700 yr. While large uncertainties remain in the orbital eccentricities, our orbital integration calculations indicate that our derived orbits would be dynamically stable for at least 108 yr. With a metallicity [Fe/H] of -0.68, HD 155358 is tied with the K1 III giant planet host star HD 47536 for the lowest metallicity of any planet host star yet found. Thus, a star with only 21% of the heavy-element content of our Sun was still able to form a system of at least two Jovian-mass planets and have their orbits evolve to semimajor axes of 0.6-1.2 AU.
Diagnostic thinking and information used in clinical decision-making: a qualitative study of expert and student dental clinicians

Background: It is uncertain whether the range and frequency of Diagnostic Thinking Processes (DTP) and pieces of information (concepts) involved in dental restorative treatment planning are different between students and expert clinicians. Methods: We video-recorded dental visits with one standardized patient. Clinicians were subsequently interviewed and their cognitive strategies explored using guide questions; interviews were also recorded. Both visit and interview were content-analyzed, following the Gale and Marsden model for clinical decision-making. Limited tests used to contrast data were t, χ 2 , and Fisher's. Scott's π was used to determine inter-coder reliability. Results: Fifteen dentists and 17 senior dental students participated in visits lasting 32.0 minutes (± 12.9) among experts, and 29.9 ± 7.1 among students; contact time with patient was 26.4 ± 13.9 minutes (experts), and 22.2 ± 7.5 (students). The time elapsed between the first and the last instances of the clinician looking in the mouth was similar between experts and students. Ninety eight types of pieces of information were used in combinations with 12 DTPs. The main differences found in DTP utilization had dentists conducting diagnostic interpretations of findings with sufficient certainty to be considered definitive twice as often as students. Students resorted more often to more general or clarifying enquiry in their search for information than dentists. Conclusions: Differences in diagnostic strategies and concepts existed within clearly delimited types of cognitive processes; such processes were largely compatible with the analytic and (in particular) non-analytic approaches to clinical decision-making identified in the medical field. Because we were focused on a clinical presentation primarily made up of non-emergency treatment needs, use of other DTPs and concepts might occur when clinicians evaluate emergency treatment needs, complex rehabilitative cases, and/or medically compromised patients.
The smart normal constraint method for directly generating a smart Pareto set

In design situations where a single solution must be selected, it is often desirable to present the designer with a smart Pareto set of solutions--a minimal set of nondominated solutions that sufficiently represents the tradeoff characteristics of the design space. These sets are generally created by finding many well-distributed solutions and then either filtering out the excess ones or searching more closely in those regions that appear to have significant tradeoff. Such methods suffer from the inherent inefficiency of creating numerous solutions that will never be presented to the designer. This paper introduces the Smart Normal Constraint (SNC) method--a Pareto set generation method capable of directly generating a smart Pareto set. Direct generation is achieved by iteratively updating an approximation of the design space geometry and searching only in those regions capable of yielding new smart Pareto solutions. This process is made possible through the use of a new, computationally benign calculation for identifying regions of high tradeoff in a design space. Examples are provided that show the SNC method performing significantly more efficiently than the predominant existing method for generating smart Pareto sets.
A Non-Diazo Approach to α-Oxo Gold Carbenes via Gold-Catalyzed Alkyne Oxidation

For the past dozen years, homogeneous gold catalysis has evolved from a little known topic in organic synthesis to a fully blown research field of significant importance to synthetic practitioners, due to its novel reactivities and reaction modes. Cationic gold(I) complexes are powerful soft Lewis acids that can activate alkynes and allenes toward efficient attack by nucleophiles, leading to the generation of alkenyl gold intermediates. Some of the most versatile aspects of gold catalysis involve the generation of gold carbene intermediates, which occurs through the approach of an electrophile to the distal end of the alkenyl gold moiety, and their diverse transformations thereafter. On the other hand, α-oxo metal carbene/carbenoids are highly versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and can undergo various synthetically challenging yet highly valuable transformations such as C–H insertion, ylide formation, and cyclopropanation reactions. Metal-catalyzed dediazotizations of diazo carbonyl compounds ar...
Lessons from the First International Conference on Social Work

This article presents the history of the First International Conference on Social Work in 1928 and explores five themes from the conference proceedings: cross-disciplinary collaborations, international activity that respects national identities, increasing professionalism in social work education, personal relationships, and a sense of both urgency and optimism. Implications for international efforts in social work today are briefly explored.