cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The (pre-) history of the integrated circuit: a random walk

Return to the world of coherers, crystals, catwhiskers, point contacts, and Chilean copper rectifiers. Follow the random path of semiconductor advances made without fundamental understanding. Grow in the confidence that all the good stuff has NOT already been invented. The microprocessor consumes 100 watts, switching at pico-seconds while your brain consumes just 20 to 25 watts, and operates at microcroseconds. Nature shows us there's plenty of advances left.
Sensitivity of the Periodontal Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at Mildly Acidic pH

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), a capnophilic facultative anaerobe, is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and endocarditis. When grown in broth, the cells begin to die rapidly after overnight growth. The cells also often lose viability on plates within a few days. The aim of this study is to identify the cause of the rapid loss of cell viability.Methods: Cell viabilities, as measured by colony forming units, were determined for cells obtained from isolated colonies and from the dense part of a streak on plates. The effect of pH on cell viability was determined by growing cells in broth at various initial glucose concentrations and with or without added bicarbonate.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans cells were highly sensitive to even a mildly acidic pH of ≈6. Because the bacteria grew at a glucose concentration that is commonly used in many laboratories, there was a dramatic decrease in cell viability as the pH went <6, wh...
Examining the feasibility and utility of an SBAR protocol in long-term care.

Ineffective nurseephysician communication in the nursing home setting adversely affects resident care as well as the work environment for both nurses and physicians. Using a repeated measures design, this quality improvement project evaluated the influence of SBAR (Situation; Background of the change; Assessment or appearance; and Request for action) protocol and training on nurse communication with medical providers, as perceived by nurses and physicians, using a preepost questionnaire. The majority (87.5%) of nurses respondents found the tool useful to organize information and provide cues on what to communicate to medical providers. Limitations expressed by some nurses included the time to complete the tool, and communication barriers not corrected by the SBAR tool. Project findings, including reported physician satisfaction, support the use of SBAR to address both issues of complete documentation and time constraints.
An Ecosystemic Environment for Knowledge and Services Sharing on Creative Enterprises

The users' need to quickly assemble information, online services and applications is stimulating the development of paradigms that are able to integrate data, functionality and user interfaces from the Web. In this context, data, services, applications, and knowledge can be viewed as entities of a Digital Ecosystem, defined as a virtual environment that supports the mash-up, knowledge sharing and management among the multiple and independent entities, which are part of this environment. This is particularly important with respect to the creativeness and innovation at social and economic level.This paper provides SHAPES web platform, that combines, in an ecosystemic approach, online social media and services for the creation and management of distributed knowledge, and the creation of intelligent services for communities of creative enterprises. The main features of the SHAPES on-line platform are described. The description underlines how the platform allows connecting the actors involved in the ecosystem with relevant services provided by means of the framework components, and the role of the ecosystemic environment in offering significant opportunities in terms of services and knowledge sharing, integration and collaboration.
Coordination in water resource management: the impact of water rights institutions

This paper considers how water rights laws can shape the ways water providers coordinate when devising conjunctive water management programs. Conjunctive water management is a particularly useful tool for analyzing water management coordination because it involves certain physical and organizational complexities that may facilitate the need for coordination. It takes advantage of the natural storage capacity of underground aquifers for the storage of surface supplies during high flow seasons, allowing for recovery of those supplies when surface flows are limited. This paper compares conjunctive management programs across Arizona, California and Colorado. It identifies the distinct types of coordination associated with conjunctive water management programs across these states and shows that these forms of coordination depend upon the larger institutional setting governing rights to water resources.
Gender differences in zebrafish responses to cocaine withdrawal

The acute responses to cocaine and its withdrawal contribute to cocaine dependence and potentiate relapse, with gender being one of the genetic factors affecting the outcome. Here we report that in both male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio, AB strain), an initial low-dose cocaine treatment (1.5 μM, immersion) does not acutely change their behavior. The cocaine withdrawal, however, is associated with an anxiety-like state that develops earlier in female zebrafish but is more robust and persistent in males, and can be acutely attenuated by cocaine administration. This is not a result of gender differences in the expression of anxiety-like state, since behavioral responses to an anxiogenic drug, FG-7142, are similar in male and female zebrafish. The basal brain dopamine (DA) levels and the expression of dopamine transporter mRNA (zDAT) show no significant sexual dimorphism. Acute cocaine exposure does not significantly change DA or zDAT. Withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration results in an overall reduction in zDAT, as well as an increase in DA levels. Neither treatment leads to significant gender differences in brain DA or zDAT. The common and gender-specific effects of cocaine on zebrafish, a well-characterized model of vertebrate development and genetics, should help in understanding the mechanisms involved in the anxiety associated with cocaine withdrawal and provide new opportunities in search for therapeutic solutions.
A field theoretical approach to the quasi-continuum method

Abstract The quasi-continuum method has provided many insights into the behavior of lattice defects in the past decade. However, recent numerical analysis suggests that the approximations introduced in various formulations of the quasi-continuum method lead to inconsistencies—namely, appearance of ghost forces or residual forces, non-conservative nature of approximate forces, etc.—which affect the numerical accuracy and stability of the method. In this work, we identify the source of these errors to be the incompatibility of using quadrature rules, which is a local notion, on a non-local representation of energy. We eliminate these errors by first reformulating the extended interatomic interactions into a local variational problem that describes the energy of a system via potential fields. We subsequently introduce the quasi-continuum reduction of these potential fields using an adaptive finite-element discretization of the formulation. We demonstrate that the present formulation resolves the inconsistencies present in previous formulations of the quasi-continuum method, and show using numerical examples the remarkable improvement in the accuracy of solutions. Further, this field theoretic formulation of quasi-continuum method makes mathematical analysis of the method more amenable using functional analysis and homogenization theories.
On change diagnosis in evolving data streams

In recent years, the progress in hardware technology has made it possible for organizations to store and record large streams of transactional data. This results in databases which grow without limit at a rapid rate. This data can often show important changes in trends over time. In such cases, it is useful to understand, visualize, and diagnose the evolution of these trends. In this paper, we introduce the concept of velocity density estimation, a technique used to understand, visualize, and determine trends in the evolution of fast data streams. We show how to use velocity density estimation in order to create both temporal velocity profiles and spatial velocity profiles at periodic instants in time. These profiles are then used in order to predict three kinds of data evolution: dissolution, coagulation, and shift. Methods are proposed to visualize the changing data trends in a single online scan of the data stream and a computational requirement which is linear in the number of data points. The visualization techniques can also be used to provide online animations which show the changes in the data characteristics while they occur. In addition, batch processing techniques are proposed in order to quantify the level of change across different combinations of dimensions. This quantification is then used in order to determine dimensional combinations with significant evolution. The techniques discussed in this paper can be easily extended to spatiotemporal data, changes in data snapshots at fixed instances in time, or any other data which has a temporal component during its evolution.
A new geochemical model for the Earth's mantle inferred from 146Sm–142Nd systematics

Abstract New measurements of 142 Nd/ 144 Nd in kimberlites, carbonatites, komatiites, ocean island basalts from Pitcairn, and mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Pacific and Indian Oceans show no deviation from the terrestrial Nd standard within an external reproducibility of 8 ppm. Measurements of mafic rocks from Isua Greenland confirm previous discoveries of an excess of between 0 and 17 ppm in the 142 Nd/ 144 Nd of these rocks. Since the terrestrial Nd standard has a 142 Nd/ 144 Nd approximately 20 ppm higher than measured in chondrites and eucrites, all terrestrial rocks so far analyzed have superchondritic 142 Nd/ 144 Nd. This requires either that the bulk silicate earth has a superchondritic Sm/Nd ratio or that the Earth experienced a global differentiation event within a couple of hundred million years of planet formation that created complementary incompatible element enriched and depleted mantle reservoirs. If that portion of the mantle involved in the production of continental crust was originally characterized by incompatible element depletion (i.e. high Sm/Nd) rather than chondritic relative abundances of refractory lithophile elements, as is commonly assumed, the mass of mantle affected by continent formation may constitute as much as 80% or more of the mantle. The abundances of K, U and Th in this early-formed depleted mantle are 60–70% of those calculated for a “chondritic” mantle, which removes the inference that half of the 40 Ar produced over Earth history must still reside in the mantle and explains why the mantle component characterized by high 3 He/ 4 He has superchondritic Nd and Hf isotopic composition. If these concentrations characterize the whole mantle, this implies a bulk-earth Urey ratio of ∼ 0.3 and hence that much of the heat escaping the Earth's interior is primordial and not the result of radioactive decay over Earth history. If the bulk silicate earth is presumed to have chondritic abundances of refractory lithophile elements, there must be an incompatible element enriched reservoir buried deep enough in to mantle to preclude its involvement in mantle convection and its contribution to surface volcanism because no terrestrial rock with 142 Nd/ 144 Nd less than chondritic has been identified.
Universal Coverage and Public Health: New State Studies

Recent evaluations of the California Health Service Plan (CHSP) confirmed that financing health care through a single government payer can provide universal coverage-while saving significantly on health care spending-to a degree unparalleled by alternative approaches. Public ownership of the delivery system can further provide authority and accountability for critical reforms that improve the population's health and quality of care, including coordination of the delivery system. The federal government's State Planning Grant Program provides states with funding to develop plans to cover their uninsured populations. California created a Health Care Options Project that requested proposals that could expand coverage and contracted with a financial modeler and a qualitative analyst to evaluate the resulting plans. The CHSP was one of 9 plans evaluated through this process.
Use of [125I]4'-iodoflavone as a tool to characterize ligand-dependent differences in Ah receptor behavior.

We have synthesized [125I]4′-iodoflavone to study Ah receptor (AhR)–ligand interactions by a class of AhR ligands distinct from the prototypic ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). This radioligand allows the comparison of AhR–ligand interactions using a ligand that differs in AhR affinity, and yet has the same radiospecific activity as [125I]2-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-p-dioxin. Specific binding of [125I]4′-iodoflavone with the AhR was detected as a single radioactive peak (∼9.7 S) following density sucrose gradient analysis. Cytosolic extracts from both Hepa 1 and HeLa cells were used as the source of mouse and human AhR, respectively. A ∼6.7 S form of radioligand-bound Ah receptor was detected in the high salt nuclear extracts of both cell lines. In HeLa cells approximately twofold more [125I]4′-iodoflavone–AhR 6 S complex, compared with [125I]2-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-p-dioxin, was recovered in nuclear extracts. A comparison of the ability of 4′-iodoflavone and TCDD to cause time-dependent translocation of AhR-yellow fluorescent protein revealed that 4′-iodoflavone was more efficient at enhancing nuclear accumulation of the receptor. These results suggest that [125I]4′-iodoflavone is a particularly useful and easily synthesized ligand for studying the AhR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:298–310, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10053
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Compound-Gaussian Clutter and Target Parameters

Compound-Gaussian models are used in radar signal processing to describe heavy-tailed clutter distributions. The important problems in compound-Gaussian clutter modeling are choosing the texture distribution, and estimating its parameters. Many texture distributions have been studied, and their parameters are typically estimated using statistically suboptimal approaches. We develop maximum likelihood (ML) methods for jointly estimating the target and clutter parameters in compound-Gaussian clutter using radar array measurements. In particular, we estimate i) the complex target amplitudes, ii) a spatial and temporal covariance matrix of the speckle component, and iii) texture distribution parameters. Parameter-expanded expectation-maximization (PX-EM) algorithms are developed to compute the ML estimates of the unknown parameters. We also derived the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) and related bounds for these parameters. We first derive general CRB expressions under an arbitrary texture model then simplify them for specific texture distributions. We consider the widely used gamma texture model, and propose an inverse-gamma texture model, leading to a complex multivariate t clutter distribution and closed-form expressions of the CRB. We study the performance of the proposed methods via numerical simulations
Constrained sliding mode control for nonlinear dynamic systems without chatter

The concept of variable structure systems (VSS) is expanded in this work. A method is suggested for eliminating the inherent chatter in the control when there is a set of constraints. >
Multidisciplinary Statistical Sensitivity Analysis Considering Both Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties

The performance of a multidisciplinary system is ineluctably affected by various sources of uncertainties, which are often categorized as aleatory (e.g., input variability) or epistemic (e.g., model uncertainty). Statistical sensitivity analysis methods allow for studying the impact of different sources of uncertainty on system performance. However, epistemic model uncertainty is seldom taken into consideration in statistical sensitivity analysis. Applying statistical sensitivity analysis for a multidisciplinary system is even more challenging due to the complexity in system analysis as well as the coupling relationships between subsystems. In this paper, a multidisciplinary statistical sensitivity analysis approach is presented to analyze the contributions from various sources of uncertainties. Both global and local sensitivity analyses are conducted; the former examines the impact of variations over the entire range of design inputs, and the latter compares the impacts of aleatory and epistemic uncertai...
Progressive neurodegenerative disease in presumed spinal cord injury: case report of a patient with prion disease.

BACKGROUND Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative syndromes caused by proteinaceous infectious particles (or "prions"), are fatally progressive, and affect humans and animals. Human prion disease may be familial, sporadic, or due to iatrogenic causes. The signs and symptoms include dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, dysautonomia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract signs, and akinesia. The incubation period of iatrogenic TSE ranges from 15 months to 30 years, and clinical presentations may be atypical. DESIGN Case report. FINDINGS This article presents the case study of a 39-year-old man who fell at work and subsequently complained of subjective lower extremity weakness, followed by onset of ataxia, bowel and bladder incontinence, and progressive decline in ambulation over 6 months. In the absence of a unifying diagnosis, the patient was presumed to have had a spinal cord injury (SCI). Because neuro-axis imaging studies failed to explain his symptoms, the patient's complaints were thought to have a large psychologic component. The patient then developed neurologic abnormalities proximal to the presumed SCI. Somatosensory evoked potentials were suggestive of a thoracic or lumbar cord myelopathy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis was suggestive of prion disease. Family members eventually revealed that the patient had had injections of growth hormones derived from cadaveric human pituitary glands as a child. Postmortem brain examination later revealed definitive Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
The Influence of Religion on the History of the New World

I have given a careful and interested reading to the draft of the chapter on the influence of religion on the history of the New World for the PAIGH project. As it now stands, the draft ought to be discarded and redrafted in its entirety. This essay lacks a conceptual framework which would provide some unity of organization to the considerable amount of illustrative data that such a chapter must of necessity include. What first must be selected are those spheres in which religion has played a major role in the history of the Americas and then to compare and to contrast the various roles that these religious factors have played in the development of Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch America. This type of organizational and conceptual framework will give a religious dimension to the central thesis of the whole project, i. e., that the Americas do have a common history, without distorting the often dissimilar impact that religious considerations have had on the historical development of the New World.
Presence of plasma erythropoietin in hypoxic rats with or without kidney (s) and/or spleen.

Summary(1) Normal rats placed in a low oxygen atmosphere for time periods from 4 to 120 hours reveal definite elevation of plasma erythropoietin until 24 hours and after 48 hours erythropoietin drops back to normal levels as judged by Fe59 uptake assay using hypophysectomized rats. (2) On the basis of this time-concentration relationship of plasma erythropoietin in hypoxic hypoxic rats, no significant alteration of erythropoietin titers is evident in hypoxic rats with or without kidneys and/or spleen. (3) Hence, neither the kidney nor spleen is the production site of erythropoietin under hypoxic hypoxia.
Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease.

SUMMARY The search for the cause of inflammatory bowel disease through epidemiologic investigation is centered on documenting disease variability and determining the reason for such variability. An examination of the person, place, and time variability of inflammatory bowel disease can provide important clues to disease pathogenesis. Although there is a great deal of variability in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among populations, there is little difference in these populations between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with regard to person, place, or time variability.36 With notable exceptions, such as cigarette smoking, the epidemiologic variability of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease is remarkably similar. Such similarities are unlikely to be coincidences. The possible implications from this observation are that ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are actually different expressions of the same disease, expressions determined by such factors as cigarette smoking, or that two separate diseases share a near complete set of risk factors. Whichever theory is correct, environmental risk factors, which are preventable, are certain to be involved in causative mechanisms.
Examining the Testing Effects of Repeated Measures of Attitudes

The author presents findings from an exploratory study that provides insights for future research on the possible “testing effects” of repeated measures of attitudes. This research uses an experiment with multiple measures of attitudes over a relatively long time period. It also uses multiple control groups to detect whether student subjects try to appear consistent and not change from their initial self-reports of attitudes.
On the Reliability of Han Dynasty Solar Eclipse Records

The veracity of early Chinese records of astronomical observations has been questioned, principally based on two early studies from the 1950s, which suggested that political motives may have led scholar-officials at court to fabricate astral omens. Here I revisit the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) solar eclipse reports to determine whether the charge has merit for those first four centuries of the imperial period. All 127 dated solar eclipses reported in the official sources are checked for accuracy against the "Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses" produced by Espenak and Meeus (2009). The Han Dynasty records prove remarkably accurate. Copyists" errors do occur, but there are only rare instances of totally erroneous reports, none of which is provably the result of politically- motivated manipulation.
Exposing The American Dilemma: How Aversive Racism Plays a Part in Homicide News Reception

This study examined whether news stories about violent shooting homicides impact implicit and explicit attitudes about race. To explore these relationships, the authors used a 3 (race: White, Black...
“The More We Can Try to Open Them Up, the Better It Will Be for Their Integration”: Integration and the Coercive Assimilation of Muslim Youth

ABSTRACTCapitalizing on national anxieties, right wing populist leaders promise to enforce national borders with new constellations of policies that regulate and exclude Muslim bodies. Using the theoretical tool of “technologies of concern” (Jaffe-Walter, 2016), this essay critiques how state security discourses operate through public schools. Drawing on ethnographic research with Muslim youth in a Danish public school and an analysis of European integration policies, the author analyzes how policies and practices that ostensibly support young people’s integration enact everyday violence and coercive assimilation. Highlighting the perspectives of the young people she worked with, the author argues that state efforts to transform Muslim students into acceptable subjects of the nation-state encouraged their alienation and marginalization.
Conversations and idea generation: Evidence from a field experiment

Abstract When do conversations lead people to generate better ideas? We conducted a field experiment at a startup bootcamp to evaluate the impact of informal conversations on the quality of product ideas generated by participants. Specifically, we examine how the personality of an innovator (openness to experience, capturing creativity) and the personalities of her randomly assigned conversational peers (extroversion, measuring willingness to share information) affects the innovator's ideas. We find that open innovators who spoke with extroverted peers generated significantly better ideas than others at the bootcamp. However, closed individuals produced mediocre ideas regardless with who they spoke, suggesting limited benefits of conversations for these people. More surprisingly, open individuals, who are believed to be inherently creative, produced worse ideas after they spoke with introverted peers, suggesting individual creativity's dependence on external information. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the traits of both innovators and their conversational peers in predicting when conversations will lead to better ideas.
Preschoolers’ Physical Activity Participation Across a Yearlong Mastery-Motivational Climate Intervention

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study sought to determine how children’s participation in physical activity during a mastery-motivational climate changed during a 20-week intervention and to compare it to children’s free-play activity during a typical day at their local day-care facility. Method: Twelve 4-year-old children participated in a mastery-motivational climate physical activity program delivered 2 days a week for 20 weeks during a period of 8 months. All children were fitted with an Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometer. Data from the accelerometers were reduced to determine minutes of sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during (a) all 20 weeks, and (b) Weeks 1 through 4, Weeks 9 through 12, and Weeks 17 to 20 for the mastery climate. Activity levels in the mastery condition were compared to the children’s activity during unplanned free play in Weeks 1, 10, and 20. Results: During the course of the mastery-motivational climate program, participation in...
Building Human Rights Consciousness in Postconflict Societies: Peruvian Adolescents’ Understandings of Human Rights

During adolescence, individuals begin to form ideas about human rights as part of the development of a sense of self. The outcomes of these processes are influential in the stability and peace in p...
Judging Discriminatory Intent

The Constitution’s protection of racial and religious groups is organized around the concept of discriminatory intent. The Supreme Court, however, has never provided a crisp, single definition of ‘discriminatory intent’ that applies across institutions and among policy contexts. Instead, current jurisprudence deploys an embarrassment of competing conceptions. Amplifying the doctrinal complexity, the Court has taken conflicting approaches to the practical—and highly consequential—question of how to go about substantiating impermissible motives with admissible evidence. The Court’s pluralistic conception of intent is plausible and perhaps even unavoidable. But its lack of any principled approached to the evidentiary approaches to unconstitutional motive is not defensible. Instead, the current doctrinal apparatus for the discovery of discriminatory intent not only fails to account for the latter when it arises in practice, but itself works a fresh set of distributional and epistemic harms. The Article points the way toward a revised doctrinal framework that acknowledges conceptual pluralism in the constitutional law of antidiscrimination, but that reorients the evidentiary framework for demonstrating discrimination intent to mitigate the presently biased allocation of judicial resources, which disadvantages otherwise deserving litigants.
Population Dynamics: Two-sex Demographic Models

Classical stable population theory, the standard model of population age structure and growth, is ill-suited to addressing many issues that concern demographers because it is a ‘one-sex’ theory. Its basic building blocks are an age-specific fertility schedule and an age-specific mortality schedule for the female population. These schedules, which are assumed to remain constant, define a linear mapping of the female population vector in period t into the female population vector in period t+1. It is straightforward to show the existence of a ‘stable population’—an age structure that, once attained, will replicate itself in successive periods—and to show that this equilibrium is dynamically stable. Demography's ‘two-sex problem’ is to integrate men into this one-sex, female-based model. The birth matrix-mating rule (BMMR) model, a new model of age-structure and growth for two-sex populations, solves demography's two-sex problem. Because the BMMR model is inherently nonlinear, it is more complicated than classical stable population theory. Unlike classical stable population theory, however, the BMMR model accommodates the notion that female age-specific fertility rates are not constant but may be affected by a ‘marriage squeeze’ which changes the population balance between men and women.
Mathematical Considerations for Oxygen Transport to Tissue (Introductory Paper)

Mathematics is the only tool available to man that can simultaneously solve the multivariable, interacting problems evolving from physiological systems analysis. The human mind is not capable of thinking in terms of n-dimensional space, therefore forcing us to rely on an organized accounting procedure as provided by applied mathematics.
Functional consequences of mutations in amino acid residues that stabilize calcium binding to the first epidermal growth factor homology domain of human protein C.

Charge-to-alanine mutations of three amino acid residues, viz., D 46 , D 48 , and D/Hya 71 , which are known to be important in stabilizing Ca 2+ binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins, have been engineered into recombinant human protein C (r-PC). The resulting variants were then employed to assess the importance of this Ca 2+ binding site in the activation properties of r-PC and in the activity of activated protein C (APC). Another mutation, of D 48 to E, was constructed in order that a more conservative mutation at the Ca 2+ binding site could be similarly examined. The mutant proteins were fully processed with regard to proper signal peptide cleavage, γ-carboxylation, and β-hydroxylation, except, of course, for the D 71 A mutant in this latter case. The D 48 E variant possessed an additional residue of γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), showing that E 48 was γ-carboxylated. All of the mutants were reactive against a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for a Ca 2+ -dependene epitope within the amino-terminus of the Gla domain of r-PC, demonstrating that a proper Ca 2+ -dependent conformation was adopted in this region of the protein. None of the mutants, except for [D 48 γ]r-PC, were reactive against another Ca 2+ -dependent MAb which possessed specificity for Ca 2+ binding to the EGFI region of PC-this being the area of the protein that contained the mutated residues. These data strongly suggest that the alanine mutations present at D 46 , D 48 , and D 71 diminished Ca 2+ binding to the EGFI domain of r-PC. Steady state kinetic analysis demonstrated that determinants for the Ca 2+ -dependent inhibition of the thrombin (fIIa)-catalyzed activation of r-PC, and for the kinetic recognition of the fIIa/thrombomodulin complex, were not dependent on the integrity of the Ca 2+ sites present in EGFI. The lone exception was [D48γ]r-PC, which did not undergo inhibition by Ca 2+ , an effect likely due to the potential for altered coordination of Ca 2+ due to the Gla insertion, rather than to a dependency on D 48 . Plasma-based anticoagulant assays, as well as individual factor Va and factor VIIIa inactivation assays, showed that only [D71A]r-APC possessed a significantly reduced activity compared to wild-type r-APC. These observations suggest that D/Hya 71 is likely an important determinant for activity of APC toward its physiological substrates, factor Va and factor VIIIa.
Integration of radiological protection of the environment into the system of radiological protection.

In 2005, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) decided to create a new committee, Committee 5, to take charge of the Commission’s work on environmental radiological protect...
Associative Meanings of Identities

Twenty principal components represent confluences of meaning in associative responses to identity words. Three components represent the institutional domain of economy: Occupations, Business Establishments, and Food Services. The domain of family is represented by two components named Extended Family and Children. A Religion component represents the religion domain. Four components relate to the polity: Rulers, Politics, Nationalism, and Military. The domains of law, education, and medicine each is represented by a principal component named the same as the domain. A Sports component corresponds to a sport institutional domain. An arts domain is reflected in three components: Entertainment, Art Worlds, and Fantasy Worlds. Additionally one principal component of word association data reflects Gender and another Non-Kin Relationships.
Lead-free double perovskites Cs2InCuCl6 and (CH3NH3)2InCuCl6: electronic, optical, and electrical properties

Searching for alternatives to lead-containing metal halide perovskites, we explored the properties of indium-based inorganic double perovskites Cs2InMX6 with M = Cu, Ag, Au and X = Cl, Br, I, and of its organic–inorganic hybrid derivative MA2InCuCl6 (MA = CH3NH3+) using computation within Kohn–Sham density functional theory. Among these compounds, Cs2InCuCl6 and MA2InCuCl6 were found to be potentially promising candidates for solar cells. Calculations with different functionals provided the direct band gap of Cs2InCuCl6 between 1.05 and 1.73 eV. In contrast, MA2InCuCl6 exhibits an indirect band gap between 1.31 and 2.09 eV depending on the choice of exchange–correlation functional. Cs2InCuCl6 exhibits a much higher absorption coefficient than that calculated for c-Si and CdTe, common semiconductors for solar cells. Even MA2InCuCl6 is predicted to have a higher absorption coefficient than c-Si and CdTe across the visible spectrum despite the fact that it is an indirect band gap material. The intrinsic charge carrier mobilities for Cs2InCuCl6 along the L–Γ path are predicted to be comparable to those for MAPbI3. Finally, we carried out calculations of the band edge positions for MA2InCuCl6 and Cs2InCuCl6 to offer guidance for solar cell heterojunction design and optimization. We conclude that Cs2InCuCl6 and MA2InCuCl6 are promising semiconductors for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
Sequelae and Management Options

The appropriate management of a traumatic dental injury at the time of the accident is essential for ensuring the best possible outcome for the tooth and the child. Even when everything is done according to the guidelines, there are sequelae that can’t be avoided. It is the responsibility of the dentist to inform the patient and caregiver of the potential consequences and to prepare them for how these sequelae can be managed. The trauma guidelines from the International Association for Dental Traumatology provide recommendations for the frequency and type of follow-up evaluation so that the sequelae can be managed as they occur. The sequelae are present in the pulp chamber, the roots, and succedaneous tooth buds. Knowing what to expect and how to manage the consequences of traumatic dental injuries is the responsibility of the dental team.
Comparing Characteristics of Patients Who Connect Their iPhones to an Electronic Health Records System Versus Patients Who Connect Without Personal Devices: Cohort Study.

Background: While individual access to health records has traditionally been through paper and other physical media, there has been a recent push toward digitizing this process. Direct patient access to health data through application programming interfaces (APIs) is an important part of current United States policy initiatives, and Apple has created the product “Health Records on iPhone” to leverage APIs for this purpose. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients at our institution who connected their personal iPhone devices to our electronic health records (EHRs) system through “Health Records on iPhone”, as compared to patients at our institution who used our patient portal but did not connect a personal device to our system. Methods: We examined adult patients at our institution who had authorized an iPhone device to download their health data from the Partners HealthCare EHR via APIs through “Health Records on iPhone” from February 18, 2018 (the date this feature was enabled at our health system) until February 17, 2019. We compared these patients to adult patients who used our portal at least once during this period but did not authorize an iPhone device to download their data via APIs. Results: Variables associated with an increased likelihood of using “Health Records on iPhone” included male gender (adjusted OR 3.36; 95% CI 3.11-3.62; P<.001) and younger age, particularly below 50 years of age. With each decade of age over 50, people were less likely to be “Health Records on iPhone” product users. Asian patients were more likely to use the product than Caucasian patients (adjusted OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16-1.51; P<.001), though there was no significant difference between African Americans and Caucasians (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.94-1.41; P=.17). Patients who resided in higher ZIP code income quartiles were more likely to be users than those in the lowest quartile. Conclusions: Early results from the implementation of patient-facing APIs at a single institution suggest that there are opportunities for expanding these technologies to ensure all patients are aware of, and have access to, their health data on their personal devices. More work is needed on expanding these technologies to different patient populations.
Intuitive Inquiry: Inviting Transformation and Breakthrough Insights in Qualitative Research

Intuitive inquiry seeks to transform the intuitive inquirer’s understanding of a research topic and to support breakthrough insights. Using an inductive, 5-cycle hermeneutical process to contain the researcher’s engagement, the interpretative process of each cycle moves the study forward at a reliab
Strengthening the use of administrative data to provide gender statistics

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly recognizes the critical role of gender data in monitoring progress toward all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, gaps in gender data vis-a-vis availability, granularity, timeliness and adherence to international standards, compromise the ability of countries to design gender-responsive policies and meet the commitment enshrined in the SDGs to leave no one behind. Administrative data systems are increasingly recognized as an important source for filling gender data gaps, but there has been limited unpacking of what this means at a system level in terms of 1) prioritization, 2) restructuring data flows to ensure data can be appropriately disaggregated, 3) how data needs can be best supported within current systems structures, and 4) key opportunities for national statistical offices and gender specialists to engage administrative data systems. The work aims to identify the specific opportunities, challenges and value of using administrative data more effectively to improve gender-equitable development outcomes; and translate this into practical guidance for national statistical offices and line ministries. While focused primarily on developing countries, the intent is to understand these elements across contexts and levels of system maturity. Issues will be explored through literature review, key informant interviews from government and stakeholder groups, and detailed case studies for three countries at different levels of data system maturity. Work will be undertaken by UNICEF with support of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Gender Statistics (IAEG-GS). This body, comprising national statistical systems and international agencies, is the coordinating body of the United Nations Global Gender Statistics Programme. Guidance developed through this work is anticipated to build on existing initiatives to improve cross-sectoral data for development and ensure we “leave no one behind” as we move forward to achieving the SDGs.
The Existence Value of a Distinctive Native American Culture: Survival of the Hopi Reservation

We measure the value placed by the American public on ensuring the continued existence of the traditional Hopi culture and way of life at the Hopi Reservation in Arizona. The Hopi are the oldest living culture in the United States. The continued existence of the Reservation is threatened by depletion of the groundwater resource underlying the reservation. In the future, without a new source of water, the Hopi will run out of water to support the villages and continue their traditional Hopi agricultural practices. Many Hopi will have to move off the Reservation and give up their traditional culture and way of life. The Reservation will no longer serve as a permanent home for the Hopi Tribe. An expensive pipeline would be required to convey a new source of water to the Reservation, for which the Federal government might pay. The question is: would the expenditure by the federal government to convey water that would ensure the continued existence of the traditional Hopi culture at the Hopi Reservation be justified by the existence value of that culture to the American people? This paper describes the results of a study undertaken to measure that existence value. We show that a simple stated preference design, using only a single monetary amount, is sufficient to provide a bound.
IoT Architecture Based on RINA

Interoperability is one of the biggest challenges facing the Internet of Things (IoT). While the emergence of many IoT protocols promises Internet connectivity to a large number of devices, it also leads to an inevitable fragmentation that hinders the IoT adoption. The existing literature focuses on creating device abstractions to deal with the multiplicity of protocols, but little work has been done to eliminate the root cause of fragmentation - the number of protocols itself. This paper proposes a novel approach to simplify IoT by design based on the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) and explores RINA's benefits such as reducing protocol complexity, improving standardization, and enhancing security.
Calcium spikes accompany the cleavage furrow ingression and cell separation during fission yeast cytokinesis

The role of calcium signaling during cytokinesis has long remained ambiguous despite the importance of calcium as a secondary messenger in many other cellular processes. An important clue came from the studies of embryonic cell division more than twenty years ago. Several groups discovered that calcium concentration increases transiently at the cell division plane just before the cleavage furrow ingression. This finding led to the theory that the cytokinetic calcium transients may trigger the constriction of the contractile ring. However, these calcium transients have only been found in animal embryos and their function remains unclear. Here we explored such cytokinetic calcium transients in the unicellular model organism fission yeast. We adopted GCaMP, a genetically encoded calcium indicator, to determine the intracellular calcium level. We validated GCaMP as a highly sensitive calcium indicator for fission yeast with few artifacts. It was first deployed to capture changes of intracellular calcium level stimulated by hypo-osmotic, hyper-osmotic, and high calcium shocks, with high spatiotemporal resolutions. In our search for the cytokinetic calcium transients, we first identified a correlation between the calcium level and cell division among the cells. Next, we employed time-lapse microscopy of dividing cells to identify sharp increases of intracellular calcium through spikes at the start of the cleavage furrow ingression and the end of the cell separation separately. The timing of these calcium spikes bears a strong similarity to those cytokinetic calcium waves first discovered in the fish embryos. Depletion of extracellular calcium inhibited these calcium spikes. It also slowed down the furrow ingression and led to frequent lysis of the daughter cells. We conclude that like the larger animal embryos fission yeast triggers cytokinetic calcium transients. We propose that these calcium spikes promote the ring constriction and daughter cell integrity. Our discovery suggests that transient increase of calcium may be an evolutionally conserved mechanism to regulate cytokinesis.
Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy

Robotic distal pancreatectomy presents advantages when compared to laparoscopy, such as lower conversion rate to open surgery, increased harvested nodes, and an increased preservation rate. The robot allows a better dissection of the tail of the pancreas, vascular control, and extended lymphadenectomy. A series of suggested steps are presented when performing distal splenopancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, bulky lesions and vessel encasement, and spleen preservation for benign and lesions with low malignant potential, along with tips and tricks, from experienced expert robotic surgeon, to overcome challenges that might arise during this surgery.
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Analysis Using Microscopy and Machine Learning

Here we present machine learning-based approach to automatic classify live and dead bacteria that can be used for rapid search for optimal antibiotics in case of bacterial infections. The patients must be promptly administered a most efficient medication because all delays significantly increase morbidity and mortality. We engineered a new technology allowing us to efficiently and rapidly capture bacterial cells from different biological samples and proceed with a rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing thereby bypassing the need to culture the bacterium. We developed a new machine learning and microscopy-based approach for rapid assessment of bacterial viability following tests with antibiotics. Also, we created a labeled dataset with ~100 images of live and dead bacteria stained with DAPI (DNA; blue) and FM4-64 (membrane; red) either treated with an antibiotic or untreated. We analyzed wild type (WT) and ampicillin-resistant (ampR) E. coli, WT and ampR S. aureus, and B. subtilis. For antibiotic susceptibility testing we used ampicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. We extracted information about red and blue channels from the images and tried two machine learning classifiers for rapid assessment of viability of the bacteria. The classifiers Random Forest and J48 Decision Tree demonstrated precision 90.7% and 96%, recall 94.4% and 100%, and F-measure 92.5% and 95.2%, correspondingly, on 10-fold cross-validation.