cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recognition of nuclear export signals by CRM1 carrying the oncogenic E571K mutation

The E571K mutation of CRM1 is highly prevalent in some cancers, but its mechanism of tumorigenesis is unclear. Glu571 of CRM1 is located in its nuclear export signal (NES)-binding groove, suggesting that binding of select NESs may be altered. We generated HEK 293 cells with either monoallelic CRM1WT/E571K or biallelic CRM1E571K/E571K using CRISPR/Cas9. We also combined analysis of binding affinities and structures of 27 diverse NESs for wild-type and E571K CRM1 with structure-based bioinformatics. While most NESs bind the two CRM1 similarly, NESs from Mek1, eIF4E-transporter, and RPS2 showed >10-fold affinity differences. These NESs have multiple charged side chains binding close to CRM1 position 571, but this feature alone was not sufficient to predict different binding to CRM1(E571K). Consistent with eIF4E-transporter NES binding weaker to CRM1(E571K), eIF4E-transporter was mislocalized in tumor cells carrying CRM1(E571K). This serves as proof of concept that understanding how CRM1(E571K) affects NES binding provides a platform for identifying cargoes that are mislocalized in cancer upon CRM1 mutation. Finally, we showed that large affinity changes seen with some NES peptides (of Mek1 and RPS2) do not always translate to the full-length cargoes, suggesting limitations with current NES prediction methods. Therefore, comprehensive studies like ours are imperative to identify CRM1 cargoes with real pathogenic potential.
Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo

Measuring the dynamics of neurochemical-regulated immunity, particularly in the gut, has been a growing interest over the last several years because of its important implications in gastrointestinal inflammation, neurodegeneration, and even depression. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerves innervate the gastrointestinal tract and resident immune organs, including the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches. Previous research has suggested that neuronal inputs in the MLN release norepinephrine (NE) at neural-immune synapses to regulate immune function. The current immunological techniques do not have the appropriate temporal or spatial resolution to monitor this dynamic process in real-time, within specific regions of intact lymphoid organs. Monitoring dynamic neural signaling within intact immune organs, in real-time, would facilitate a deeper understanding of neuroimmune communication and would allow the mechanism of rapid immunomodulation to be elucidated. Here, we overcome this technological barrier by coupling real-time neurochemical detection using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in live MLN slices from C57BL/6 mice. We have discovered rapid, spontaneous catecholamine transients in the T-cell zone of the MLN which are on the order of a few hundred nanomolar, rapid (a few seconds), and frequent (every 20-s). We demonstrate that the β2 -adrenergic receptor and the classic catecholamine transporters (DAT and NET) play a minor role in transient regulation in the MLN suggesting that regulation at the neural-immune synapse is quite complicated and further mechanistic studies are needed. Overall, these findings provide direct evidence for rapid neurochemical events in the MLN which could have a major impact on our understanding of neurochemical-regulated immunomodulation in the gut.
The Floating NBL Architecture: Enabler of a Quasi-SOI process

The floating buried layer isolation architecture enables a cost reduction of high-voltage Bulk BCD technologies, while providing circuit designers with a footprint and degrees of freedom similar to SOI, without its disadvantages. The concept embraces parasitics, rather than fighting or avoiding them, and replaces observability and full controllability of all potentials by a self-organizing principle governed by Kirchhoff’s law.
Testing deep neural networks (keynote)

The reliability of software that has a Deep Neural Network (DNN) as a component is urgently important today given the increasing number of critical applications being deployed with DNNs. The need for reliability raises a need for rigorous testing of the safety and trustworthiness of these systems. In the last few years, there have been a number of research efforts focused on testing DNNs. However, the test generation techniques proposed so far lack a check to determine whether the test inputs they are generating are valid, and thus invalid inputs are produced. To illustrate this situation, we explored three recent DNN testing techniques. Using deep generative model based input validation, we show that all the three techniques generate significant number of invalid test inputs. We further analyzed the test coverage achieved by the test inputs generated by the DNN testing techniques and showed how invalid test inputs can falsely inflate test coverage metrics. To overcome the inclusion of invalid inputs in testing, we propose a technique to incorporate the valid input space of the DNN model under test in the test generation process. Our technique uses a deep generative model-based algorithm to generate only valid inputs. Results of our empirical studies show that our technique is effective in eliminating invalid tests and boosting the number of valid test inputs generated.
Endogenous Debt Constraints in Lifecycle Economies

We characterize competitive equilibria with perfect foresight in a deterministic, three-period pure-exchange overlapping generations economy with perfect information and no commitment to loan contracts. Commitment is replaced by an enforcement mechanism that excludes defaulters from asset markets for one period. For hump-shaped endowment proles, young individuals face endogenous debt constraints that ration current consumption. Changes in current and future yields aect these constraints, inducing an additional income eect on rationed household demand that makes current and future consumption complements. This mechanism can lead to multiple steady states, persistent indeterminacy and regime switching. We show that sensitivity to shocks and complex dynamic behavior are consistent with endogenous debt limits but not with exogenous liquidity constraints.
Viperidae Envenomation in India

The estimated incidence of venomous snakebites in India is around 300,000 annually and the overall mortality is between 30,000 and 50,000. The majority of this is due to Viperidae envenomation. There is a lack of consensus regarding the management protocol. The symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and management of Viperidae envenomation are discussed. Well-known signs are due to hemorrhages and local reaction. Rare signs include bilateral parotid swellings, hypopituitarism, and capillary leak. A standard protocol for diagnosis and management is evolved in the light of treating a large number of Viperidae bites. Twenty minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Viperidae envenomation. When 20 min WBCT is positive, treatment is initiated with 10 vials of anti-snake venom [ASV], which is delivered in 100 ml of normal saline in 1 h. The repeat dose of ASV is given after 6 h if the 20 min WBCT is prolonged at 6 h after the first dose. Supportive treatment includes fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion. Antibiotics and tetanus immunization are given in all cases. The causes of mortality are bleeding into the lungs and brain, renal failure, intractable hypotension due to capillary leak syndrome, and hypotension due to unexplained etiology. Signs of recovery after ASV and bad prognostic signs are discussed.
Convective turbulence with rotation and magnetic fields

A method for calculating mean square velocity fluctuations, mean square temperature fluctuations, and convective flux for a turbulent rotating fluid with externally applied magnetic field is presented. A new spectral model of large scale turbulence is used which requires, as the sole ingredient, the growth rate of the instability generating the turbulence. Results are presented for the convective flux with rotation and magnetic field for a range of parameters of astrophysical interest. This new formula presented here can be viewed as an extension of the mixing length theory to include magnetic fields and rotation.
Surface Water Chemistry in the ILWAS Basins

Alkalinity and pH differences observed between the three ILWAS lakes (Panther, Sagamore, and Woods lakes) are primarily a result of inherent watershed differences in base cation supply rates, relative to comparable strong acid input levels. The relatively high proportion of base rich ground water input to Panther Lake results in high pH and alkalinity (annual mean pH 6.2*, alkalinity 147 μeq L-1). In contrast, shallow interflow with excess strong acid and high Al levels dominates the Woods Lake basin (annual mean pH 4.7*, alkalinity -10 μeq L-1). Temporal acidification, observed in all three basins during snowmelt, occurs as a result of base cation dilution (particularly in Panther Lake) and increased strong acid anion levels. These marked changes in surface water chemistry are related to an upward shift in flow paths from ground water dominated base flow to shallow interflow during increased snowmelt discharge. Elevated nitrate and Al levels observed during these episodes suggest that HNO3 from the snowpack and soil nitrification triggers acidification and Al mobilization. On an annual basis, Al export rates were less than 2% of total base cation output from the Panther basin and 23% of base cation output from the Woods basin. Woods Lake itself serves as a secondary sink for Al exported from the soils of the watershed, particularly during the summer months when increasing pH levels induce Al precipitation. Annually, an estimated 43% of the Al entering the lake is retained. Strong acid neutralization in the ILWAS basins appears to be a two-stage process, with initial Al mobilization in upper soil horizons followed by primary mineral dissolution and alkalinity production in deeper soil horizons. Separation of these processes in either time or space results in incomplete neutralization, acidification, and export of inorganic Al to surface waters.
Emissions from Modern Passenger Cars with Malfunctioning Emissions Controls

Malfunctioning emission controls continue to be a major source of emissions from in-use vehicles. The authors analyze two sources of data on cars with malfunctioning emissions controls: remote sensing surveys and dynamometer tests of cars in the condition they were received. The analysis indicates that roughly 8% of relatively new (2- to 5-year old), modern technology (fuel-injected) cars have malfunctioning emission controls. There is a wide range in the probability of malfunction of specific models, from zero to over 20%. Possible causes of high model-specific malfunction probability are poor initial design and/or manufacture.
Implementing the nation's health objectives for the 1990s: the role of the secondary and elementary health education specialist.

(1989). Implementing the Nation's Health Objectives for the 1990s: The Role of the Secondary and Elementary Health Education Specialist. Health Education: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 22-25.
Broadening an understanding of women, gender, and leisure.

(1994). Broadening an Understanding of Women, Gender, and Leisure. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
A 3D EHL Simulation of CMP Theoretical Framework of Modeling

The extensive application of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in the semiconductor industry requires an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved. This paper integrates a group of mechanical models to give a framework for CMP modeling: a mixed three-dimensional (3D) soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model with asperity contact considered. The soft-pad mechanics, asperity-contact analysis, and slurry film description are three major components of this framework. Based on the results of a thin-layer contact analysis, the Winkler foundation model is selected to evaluate the pad deformation in bulk. By applying the macro-micro approach, the macroscopic view of the average fluid film thickness (average clearance) is related to microasperity contact. When CMP is implemented in a mixed lubrication regime, the soft polishing pad usually undergoes a displacement of the same scale as the slurry film, which may change the lubrication boundary considerably. Considering this effect, a modified Reynolds equation is derived, and a stronger coupling is found in the global force and moment balances. Finally, an effective iterative scheme is proposed and modeling results examined. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Biochemical Strategy of Cancer Cells and the Targeting of Chemotherapy with Tiazofurin, Acivicin, and Dipyridamole

It is 25 years since I introduced the ideas of the molecular correlation concept as a theoretical and experimental method for discovering the pattern of biochemical imbalance and its link with neoplastic transformation and progression (1). This approach was tested through application of the concept of key enzymes in a particularly meaningful model system, the rat hepatomas of different growth rates. The testing of the molecular correlation concept proved that the biochemical strategy of the genome in neoplasia can be identified by elucidating the pattern of gene expression as revealed in the activity, amount, and isozymic program of the key enzymes. It was shown that the activities of the key enzymes and metabolic pathways and the concentrations of strategic nucleotides and amino acids are stringently linked with neoplastic transformation and progression. Parameters that are not stringently linked yield no pattern. The conclusion was drawn that what is important about cancer is ordered; what is not, is the random element and the diversity. This field was recently reviewed (2,3).
Fate of Nutrient Enrichment on Continental Shelves as Indicated by The C/N Content of Bottom Sediments

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fate of nutrient enrichment on continental shelves as indicated by the C/N content of bottom sediments. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) content in most marine organisms is less than six , unlike that of land plants which use more carbohydrates for their support structures and have C/N ratios >15. Detrital particles in the sea also have a C/N ratio greater than 10 as a result of the increased recycling of nitrogen compounds compared to slower decomposition of refractory carbon compounds. Although C/N ratios of >20 can be induced in laboratory cultures of phytoplankton under nitrogen starvation, individual phytoplankton cells are probably not nitrogen limited in the ocean. At close to maximal growth rates, laboratory cultures of phytoplankton have, in fact, C/N ratios
Sparse representations and distance learning for attribute based category recognition

While traditional approaches in object recognition require the specification of training examples from each class and the application of class specific classifiers, in real world situations, the immensity of the number of image classes makes this task daunting. A novel approach in object recognition is attribute based classification, where instead of training classifiers for the recognition of specific object class instances, classifiers are trained on attributes of the object images and these attributes are subsequently used for the object recognition. The attributes based paradigm offers significant advantages including the ability to train classifiers without any visual examples. We begin by discussing a scenario for object recognition on mobile devices where the attribute prediction and the attribute-to-class mapping are decoupled in order to meet the specific resource constraints of mobile systems. We next present two extensions on the attribute based classification paradigm by introducing alternative approaches in attribute prediction and attribute-to-class mapping. For the attribute prediction, we employ the recently proposed Sparse Representations Classification scheme that offers significant benefits compared to the previous SVM based approaches, such as increased accuracy and elimination of the training stage. For the attribute-to-class mapping, we employ a Distance Metric Learning algorithm that automatically infers the significance of each attribute instead of assuming uniform attribute importance. The benefits of the proposed extensions are validated through experimental results.
A social-contextual understanding of concordance and discordance between maternal prenatal representations of the infant and infant-mother attachment.

This prospective study examined the relationship between maternal prenatal representations of the infant and later infant-mother attachment, including contextual factors related to concordance and discordance among dyads over time. Participants were 173 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 40 who were interviewed during their last trimester of pregnancy and 2 and 13 months after birth. Maternal representations were assessed by the Working Model of the Child Interview during pregnancy (WMCI; C.H. Zeanah, D. Benoit, L. Hirshberg, M.L. Barton, & C. Regan, 1994), and infant-mother attachment was assessed through the Strange Situation procedure (M.D.S. Ainsworth, M. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978) when infants were 13 months old. There was substantial discordance between maternal and infant classifications, although a significant concordance rate was found when classifications were collapsed into balanced/secure and nonbalanced/insecure groups based on prenatal representations and postnatal infant attachment groups (60%; χ 2 = 6.90, p< .01; κ .20). As expected, discordance between maternal representations and infant-mother attachment was meaningfully related to contextual risk factors, maternal depression, and infant behaviors. ***
A Comparative Overview IEEE 802.16e QoS Scheduling Algorithms

One of the most significant promises in today’s integrated packet-switched broadband wireless networks (such as WiMAX) is providing Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to data, voice and video applications. These applications range from real-time applications with stringent QoS requirements, to best effort applications with no required guarantees. These applications with different QoS requirements interact with one another when they are multiplexed at the same output links. Lack of control during packet interactions will degrade network performance. Using scheduling algorithms to provide QoS, wireless networks are able to integrate applications with a wide range of traffic characteristics. We present an overview of QoS mechanism in the media access control (MAC) sublayer of WIMAX wireless networks and provide a comparative overview of scheduling schemes architecture proposed in WIMAX research literature.
The hypochromism of helical polynucleotides.

The hypochromism of the 260 mμ. absorption band of helical DNA is its lower absorbance, per base group, compared to the absorbance of the mononucleotides. The hypochromism of DNA has been calculated as a function pf the base composition and sequence. The oscillator strengths, transition monopoles and transition moments for the π→π* transitions of the bases with wavelengths of 187 to 276 mμ have been calculated from molecular orbital theory and u.v. spectra. The effect of transitions with wavelengths close to 200 mμ, is to make the calculated hypochromism increase with increasing guanine + cytosine content. Experimental measurements of hypochromism, while they seem to show the opposite dependence on base composition, are not yet detailed enough for definite conclusions to be made. The effect of transitions in the vacuum u.v. has been approximated by base polarizabilities and solvent refractive index. The vacuum u.v. transitions inside the helix cause hypochromism; those in the sugar and phosphate groups and the solvent cause hyperchromism. The net hypochromism cannot be accurately calculated but should have little dependence on base composition. The effect of static electric fields is negligible.
How medical expertise influences web search interaction

Domain expertise can have an important influence on how people search. In this poster we present findings from a log-based study into how medical domain experts search the Web for information related to their expertise, as compared with non-experts. We find differences in sites visited, query vocabulary, and search behavior. The findings have implications for the automatic identification of domain experts from interaction logs, and the use of domain knowledge in applications such as query suggestion or page recommendation to support non-experts.
Extensional transduction properties of ionic polymer materials

A series of experiments are performed to quantify the stress induced in ionic polymer actuators by electrical stimulation. The test fixture is validated by measuring the modulus of hydrated samples comparing the measurements to previous results in the open literature. A series of dynamic tests demonstrates that the modulus of the material can be varied up to approximately 30% through the application of a DC electric field to the polymer. Dynamic tests indicate that the peak in-plane stress is on the order of 10-100 kPa for 1 V step changes in the applied potential. The magnitude of the in-plane stress drops approximately 10 dB per decade as a function of frequency for short duration sinusoidal excitations. Experimental results reveal that out-of-plane bending contributes substantially to the in-plane stress induced in the polymer. Constraining the out-of-plane motion reduces the induced stress by a factor of 4 to 5. Long duration sinusoidal excitation induces a controllable relaxation within the polymer and a dehydration in which the rate of stress is controlled by the amplitude of the excitation. The magnitude of the induced stress is much larger during relaxation or dehydration as compared to the stress induced by electrical stimulation. Stresses on the order of 100 kPa to 1 Mpa are measured.
Kinetics of the Inhibition of Aspartate Aminotransferase Isozymes by dl-Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate

The inhibitor dissociation constants and types of inhibition of the isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase from rat liver by the time-dependent inhibitor dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate were determined from residual enzyme activity after equilibration of each isozyme with the inhibitor and one substrate in the preliminary incubation mixtures. The results showed that the inhibition of the cationic isozyme was completely competitive with respect to α-ketoglutarate and completely noncompetitive with respect to l-aspartate. The pyridoxamine form of the cationic isozyme was approximately 10 times more sensitive to inhibition by dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ki= 0.084 mM) than the pyridoxal form (Ki= 0.98 mM). Inhibition of the anionic isozyme was mixed partially competitive-partially noncompetitive with respect to α-ketoglutarate and partially noncompetitive with respect to l-aspartate. The pyridoxamine form of the anionic isozyme was approximately 5 times more sensitive to inhibition by dlDL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ki= 0.39 mM) than the pyridoxal form (Ki= 1.9 mM). Both forms of the cationic isozyme were more sensitive to inhibition than the corresponding forms of the anionic isozyme. The degree to which inhibition of the anionic isozyme was partial was assessed by determining the interaction constants α and β. These were α= 6.9 and β= 0.32, and indicated that the anionic isozyme, when fully combined with dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, retained 32% of its catalytic capacity. The cationic isozyme was completely inhibited with α=∞ and β= 0. Comparison of the Ki values for the pyridoxamine and pyridoxal forms of the isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase with the concentrations of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reported for perfused liver and for incubated erythrocytes suggests that inhibition may occur in vivo.
An innovative framework to support multimodal interaction with Smart Environments

Highlights? We outline an original approach to the design of multimodal applications (MA). ? A dialogue model provides a robust support layer for multimodal interaction. ? The approach is valid for integration on today's devices. ? The approach is flexible in view of implementation of MA in future Smart Environments. ? We discuss a sample application to validate the approach, with implementation details. Interaction with future coming Smart Environments requires research on methods for the design of a new generation of human-environment interfaces. The paper outlines an original approach to the design of multimodal applications that, while valid for the integration on today's devices, aims also to be sufficiently flexible so as to remain consistent in view of the transition to future Smart Environments, which will likely be structured in a more complex manner, requiring that interaction with services offered by the environment is made available through the integration of multimodal/unimodal interfaces provided through objects of everyday use. In line with the most recent research tendencies, the approach is centred not only on the user interface part of a system, but on the design of a comprehensive solution, including a dialogue model which is meant to provide a robust support layer on which multimodal interaction builds upon. Specific characteristics of the approach and of a sample application being developed to validate it are discussed in the paper, along with some implementation details.
Linkage conservation of homologous esterase loci in fish (Cyprinodontoidei: Poeciliidae)

Homologies among esterase isozymes in fish in the poeciliid genera Poeciliopsis and Xiphophorus are proposed. Esterase homologies are based on their tissue distributions and inhibition and substrate properties. The five esterases include two carboxylesterases, one eserine sulfate-sensitive esterase, and two esterases resistant to inhibition, one of which reacts only with acetate esters. Linkage studies in Poeciliopsis monacha indicate that the loci encoding the two carboxylesterases are linked to each other and to the locus for eye-specific lactate dehydrogenase. Comparisons of the linkage reported here with earlier studies in Xiphophorus suggest that there is a large region of linkage homology in the genetic maps of Poeciliopsis and Xiphophorus.
A multidisciplinary evaluation of children with learning disabilities.

Five clinical case studies of children with learning problems are presented. The clinical application of the definition of the learning disabled child is discussed in relationship to the cases. An informal educational evaluation for the physician in residency and in practice to recognize the learning disabled child is outlined in detail. The role of the neurological examination and electroenceph-alogram in the field of learning disabilities is reviewed. A multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and treatment of these children is proposed.
A BDDC Algorithm with Deluxe Scaling for Three-Dimensional H (curl) Problems

In our paper, we present and analyze a BDDC algorithm for a class of elliptic problems in the three-dimensional H(curl) space. Compared with existing results, our condition number estimate requires fewer assumptions and also involves two fewer powers of log(H/h), making it consistent with optimal estimates for other elliptic problems. Here, H/his the maximum of Hi/hi over all subdomains, where Hi and hi are the diameter and the smallest element diameter for the subdomain Ωi. The analysis makes use of two recent developments. The first is our new approach to averaging across the subdomain interfaces, while the second is a new technical tool that allows arguments involving trace classes to be avoided. Furthermore, numerical examples are presented to confirm the theory and demonstrate the importance of the new averaging approach in certain cases.
Categories of Local Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis

In examining local economic development incentives, scholars have found it useful to employ typologies of development practices. Such typologies have been based on assumptions that techniques reflect functional categories, such as marketing and financial incentives, or can be organized by the nature of costs and benefits, or by the nature of incentive goals. While useful heuristic devices, little effort has been made to test these typologies empirically. This research note provides an empirically based typology of local economic development incentives, using data from 967 cities collected by the International City Management Association.
Platinum–Ruthenium Nanotubes and Platinum–Ruthenium Coated Copper Nanowires As Efficient Catalysts for Electro-Oxidation of Methanol

The sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is a major barrier to the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). In this work, we report a facile synthesis of platinum–ruthenium nanotubes (PtRuNTs) and platinum–ruthenium-coated copper nanowires (PtRu/CuNWs) by galvanic displacement reaction using copper nanowires as a template. The PtRu compositional effect on MOR is investigated; the optimum Pt/Ru bulk atomic ratio is about 4 and surface atomic ratio about 1 for both PtRuNTs and PtRu/CuNWs. Enhanced specific MOR activities are observed on both PtRuNTs and PtRu/CuNWs compared with the benchmark commercial carbon-supported PtRu catalyst (PtRu/C, Hispec 12100). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a larger extent of electron transfer from Ru to Pt on PtRu/CuNWs, which may lead to a modification of the d-band center of Pt and consequently a weaker bonding of CO (the poisoning intermediate) on Pt and a higher MOR activity on PtRu/CuNWs.
Predicting Graduate Student Migration

Multiple regression equations are developed for U. S. graduate student migration by state, using 1958 state of origin and destination data, for estimating the number of out-migrants, the destination of out-migrants from one state, and for predicting in-migrants to states. Factors found to be associated with graduate student migration include the number of faculty in the state, institutional density, urbanization, college educated adult males in the population, number of fellowships and assistantships, and the Zipf hypothesis. This application of regression is evaluated in relation to H. ter Heide's review of migration models.
Manufacturing process diagnosis using functional regression

Abstract The quality of many manufacturing processes depends on preset process conditions and is strongly affected by process faults. Fault diagnosis is therefore crucial in modern manufacturing practice. This paper presents a new fault diagnosis approach based on the functional regression method. Fault patterns in manufacturing processes are treated as functional responses of both the preset process conditions and process faults. With these time domain functions, a mathematical model is developed, based on which a nonlinear optimization approach is applied to fault diagnosis. The proposed diagnosis approach considers the interaction effects among the faults and process settings. Therefore, it is capable of classifying multiple simultaneous faults with various process conditions. The new diagnosis method is demonstrated using an example from the resistance spot welding process. An overall success rate of 88% has been achieved.
An unconditionally stable convergent finite difference method for Navier-Stokes problems on curved domains

A new finite difference scheme is presented for solving two-dimensional, transient, incompressible Navier–Stokes problems on a bounded simply-connected region for which there exists a $C^2 $ invertible mapping onto the unit square. The method is proven to be unconditionally stable and convergent, and reduces to the well-known Krzhivitski and Ladyzhenskaya scheme for rectangular domains.
The pathway linking small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family to cytoskeletal components and novel signaling kinase cascades

Abstract The Ras superfamily of GTPases comprises more than 50 members. Whereas Ras is known to play a central role in cell proliferation, the Rho-family of Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins have been shown to regulate several aspects of cytoskeleton functioning. Recently, we and others have shown that members of the Rho-family of GTPases also control signaling cascades communicating the membrane to the nucleus, and that these GTP-binding proteins are integral components of growth-regulatory pathways. In this article, we will focus on the recent identification of molecules linking the Rho-family of GTPases to the cytoskeleton and to signaling kinase cascades.
Damage Detection in Bolted Space Structures

To overcome the current limitations of satellite operation timelines, responsive space satellites are being developed for rapid configuration and assembly. Time spent for assembly, integrating, and verifying a satellite ready for launch and on-orbit operations must be reduced to less than a week. Structural health monitoring is seen as a possible avenue for real-time assessment of satellite integrity and qualification before launch. Embedded ultrasonics and magneto-mechanical impedance (MMI) are considered as potential candidates for diagnostics of critical system elements. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors in conjunction with acousto-elastic SHM methods are used for assessing aerospace structures with bolted joints. In the present analysis, the acousto-elastic behavior of the joint is used as an indicator of structural integrity. Experimental data show changes in the acoustic signal phase as a result of differing bolt torques. Localization potential of the acousto-elastic technique is demonstrated in a ...
Plasminogen: Purification from Human Plasma by Affinity Chromatography

Plasminogen was prepared from human plasma by affinity chromatography on L-lysine-substituted Sepharose. Thirty milligrams of plasminogen, with a specific activity of 100 caseinolytic units (Committee on Thrombolytic Agents) per milligram of nitrogen, were obtained from 340 milliliters of plasma. This corresponds to over 200-fold purification from plasma. Disc-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 indicated seven distinct bands, all of which contained activity.
The Effect of Futures Markets and Corners on Storage and Spot Price Variability

When a futures market is introduced, the volume of storage should become more sensitive to changes in the return to storage. The increase in storage sensitivity means that storage will absorb a larger proportion of demand and supply shocks than it did previously, reducing spot price volatility. Data from the Chicago Board of Trade support the hypotheses of increased storage sensitivity and reduced spot price volatility. The effect of futures on spot price volatility is sensitive to the competitive structure of the futures market. Futures market manipulation causes spot price variance to increase. Despite manipulation, the development of the wheat futures market caused the coefficient of variation of spot price to decline significantly.
A world of our making

Humans have transformed Earth beyond recovery – but rather than look back in despair we should look ahead to what we can achieve, says Erle C. Ellis
Plato in Theophrastus' De Sensibus

T HE De Sensibus of Theophrastus is our chief authority for the physiological psycholog) of the Presocratics and our only authority for many details that throw light on other aspects of their tlheories. Its value is impaired by numerous difficulties in the text. Some of these are clearly due to danmage suffered in transmission, and they may be solved by further study of the manuscripts. From the common errors of the fourteenth century P and F, for example, it is possible to reconstruct some of the characteristics of earlier manuscripts that caused the errors, and thereby to recover the earlier readings. But at best such reconstructions take us back only to an earlier minuscule form of the text, and there remain many problems for which no palaeographical solution seems likely. If these are to be solved, it must be on evidence from other sources. The best evidence would, of course, be the original writings of the philosophers whose theories are discussed and the references to these theories by Theophrastus in his other works. However, few of the fragments of the Presocratics have a direct hearing on the more troublesome passages, and, aside from the account of Democritus' theory of the savors in Book VI of the Dc Causis Planta:um, there is little in Theophrastus that helps. For this purpose what is otherwise the least useful part of the De Sensibus nmay be the most useful, namely, the discussion of Plato's theory. This is based on the Timaeus. If Theophrastus' treatment of the Timaeus may be assumed to be typical of his treatment of the writings of all his predecessors, then a compari,on of the parallel passages of the Timaeus and the De Sensibus may give a general indication of what is to be expected in the De Sensibus as a whole and may suggest methods of interpretation or restoration that may be applied to parts of the work in whiclh no primary evidence for the doctrines has been preserved. That Theophrastus did use the Timaeus, and no other work of Plato, cannot be doubted. He follows the order of Plato's presentation so exactly and with so many verbal similarities that, as Stratton has observed, one mav almost see him at work with his Timaeus spread out before him. These similarities have already been put to use in removing several errors from the De Sensibus. At the other extreme, sometimes the De Sensibus is directly opposed to the Timaeus, and the difference can hardly be due to scribal error as when Theophrastus says that Plato gave no
KINETICS OF IN VIVO CONVERSION OF γ-[3H]AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TO γ-[3H]HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID BY RAT BRAIN1,2

— The appearance of γ-[3H]hydroxybutyric acid ([3H]GHB) in rat brain at various times after the intraventricular administration of [3H]GABA was determined. Radioactivity recovered as [3H]GHB was maximal 30 s after [3H]GABA administration and declined exponentially thereafter. From a linear transformation of the disappearance with time of [3H]GHB formed from [3H]GABA, the fractional rate of disappearance and turnover time of GHB were calculated. Administration of amino-oxyacetic acid (50 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h before [3H]GABA, reduced [3H]GHB formation, measured 4 min after [3H]GABA, to 28% of that found in control animals. This strongly suggests that GABA-transaminase catalyzes at least one step in the conversion pathway. [3H]GHB recoverable 4 min after [3H]GABA was unchanged when animals were pretreated with pyrazole (1.25–5.0 mmol/kg), diphenyl-hydantoin (25 and 75 mg/kg), phenobarbital (7.5–60 mg/kg), ethanol (1.25–5.0 g/kg), or morphine (2.5–10 mg/kg). Significantly more [3H]GHB could be recovered at several time points from animals which had been pretreated with 50 mg/kg i.p. of the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid.
Formation of a homocitrate-free iron-molybdenum cluster on NifEN: Implications for the role of homocitrate in nitrogenase assembly

Molybdenum (Mo)-dependent nitrogenase is a complex metalloprotein that catalyzes the biological reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) at the molybdenum-iron cofactor (FeMoco) site of its molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein component. Here we report the formation of a homocitrate-free, iron-molybdenum (“FeMo”) cluster on the biosynthetic scaffold of FeMoco, NifEN. Such a NifEN-associated “FeMo” cluster exhibits EPR features similar to those of the NifEN-associated, fully-complemented “FeMoco”, which originate from the presence of Mo in both cluster species; however, “FeMo” cluster and “FeMoco” display different temperature-dependent changes in the line shape and the signal intensity of their respective EPR features, which reflect the impact of homocitrate on the redox properties of these clusters. XAS/EXAFS analysis reveals that the Mo centers in both “FeMo” cluster and “FeMoco” are present in a similar coordination environment, although Mo in “FeMo” cluster is more loosely coordinated as compared to that in “FeMoco” with respect to the Mo–O distances in the cluster, likely due to the absence of homocitrate that normally serves as an additional ligand for the Mo in the cluster. Subsequent biochemical investigation of the “FeMo” cluster not only facilitates the determination of the sequence of events in the mobilization of Mo and homocitrate during FeMoco maturation, but also permits the examination of the role of homocitrate in the transfer of FeMoco between NifEN and MoFe protein. Combined outcome of these studies establishes a platform for future structural analysis of the interactions between NifEN and MoFe protein, which will provide useful insights into the mechanism of cluster transfer between the two proteins.
RMX—Real-time multitasking executive

Abstract During the past several years, VLSI technology development has made microprocessor systems much faster and less expensive. Accompanying this the cost of software development has increased due to systems becoming more complex and man-power becoming more expensive. Recognizing this problem, software vendors have developed the RMX—real-time multitasking executive. Like the development of the microprocessor in the electronic design world and the development of high-level languages in the microprocessor assembly-language program world, the development of RMX will be one of the mile-stones in computer development history and has already greatly reduced the cost of computer systems.
Complexity of legacy city resource management and value modeling of interagency response

For most cities, it is very challenging to both collect information from throughout a city, irrespective of agency or city function, and integrate this information into a broad decision-support environment. For example, this is particularly challenging for mature cities of the size and complexity of New York City, Tokyo, and London and for their managing agencies. Resource management for a city spans multiple domains including water and sanitation, buildings, transportation, energy, security, citizen services, and regional development. Implementing processes, policies, or interoperability features across multiple domains in a legacy city, as defined in this paper, requires significant coordination and "permission" among the agency players. Here, we propose a novel smarter-city maturity model that depicts the cross-domain and agency-to-agency interactions in response to an event (such as a water-main break). We also propose an enabling system architecture and multidomain-aware command portal that provide a detailed plan to address and optimize the management of resources for complex events. Finally, we propose a value-modeling method for quantifying the estimated cost of alternative scenarios and of selecting the best response to an event. To illustrate the approach, an example is given for a rainfall event.
Evidence of a small hydrophobic domain in the core protein of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan from human colon carcinoma cells

Abstract We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan of human colon carcinoma cells has an affinity for a hydrophobic matrix. This property is mediated by sequences in the core protein, since papain-or alkaline borohydride-released heparan sulfate chains do not bind to the matrix. Trypsin releases a [ 3 H]leucine-rich, unsulfated, hydrophobic peptide, with M r ~ 5000. This domain is present in neither the proteoglycan released into the medium nor in the intracellular degradation products. It is proposed that this peptide may represent the portion of the core protein intercalated into the plasma membrane.
Conformal therapy for pediatric sarcomas

For decades, pediatric oncology has lead the field in the implementation of combined modality therapy and has tested indications for radiation therapy in this patient population. More recently, adult experiences with conformal methods of external beam irradiation and brachytherapy have refined radiation therapy as a modality and increased its attractiveness as a means to achieve local control. These refinements come at a time when the current rates of local failure for advanced stage patients with pediatric solid tumors are significant enough to warrant a reexamination of the accepted indications for radiation therapy and its sequencing and dose. Conformal methods of radiation therapy, including brachytherapy, will facilitate efforts to improve local control. These methods have a special role in the pediatric patient where the potential for dose escalation, function preservation, and decreased toxicity can be used to the benefit of these patients, making the majority of them likely to be long-term survivors.
A Search for Nephrotoxic Factors Within the Uremic Milieu

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether selected components of the uremic milieu adversely affected glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the glomerular protein filtration barrier, or the integrity of the proximal renal tubular brush border membrane. To achieve these goals, GFR and the excretion rates of albumin and of brush border derived-renal tubular epithelial antigens (RTE) were measured in normal rats and in rats with experimental nephropathies before and after the intravenous infusion of concentrated urine. This experimental protocol uniformly produced severe biochemical manifestations of uremia (for example 10–50-fold increases in BUN and creatinine, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis). However, despite these perturbations, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion remained constant. To assess the influence of uremic hormonal derangements on renal function, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion were measured in normal rats before and after inducing acute serum elevations of seven hormones whose concentrations are known to be increased in uremia (parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, prolactin, gastric inhibitory peptide). Again, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion were not adversely affected. These results suggest that glomerular capillary function and proximal tubular brush border membranes are acutely resistant to many of the solute and hormonal derangements which are characteristic of uremia.
An investigation of factors limiting the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

A study was conducted to determine whether the apparent limitation of dechlorination of Aroclor 1248 was due to bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or an accumulation of metabolic products. After 15 weeks of laboratory incubation, sediment microorganisms from the St. Lawrence River reduced the total number of chlorines in Aroclor 1248-spiked sediments by 33%. However, dechlorination apparently leveled off with a significant number of meta- and para-chlorines still remaining, showing no further change out to 30 weeks. When these sediments were incubated an additional 18 weeks with either fresh medium or the original supernatant, no additional dechlorination was found in either treatment. Similarly, dechlorination was not inhibited in freshly spiked Aroclor 1248 sediment slurries made with the old supernatant. Addition of the nonionic surfactant Tween 20, at a concentration below the critical micelle concentration that increased PCB desorption, also failed to enhance dechlorination of the plateau sediments. The extent and final congener pattern in all treatments were nearly identical. Therefore, the termination of dechlorination at the plateau level was not due to PCB bioavailability or accumulation of inhibitory metabolic products. These results strongly suggest that the cessation of dechlorination at the plateau was due to the accumulation of daughter congeners with chlorine substitution patterns that were not amenable to further dechlorination by the present microbial consortium.