cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dasatinib Has Activity in Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL/SLL), a Phase II Trial

Abstract Background: Preclinical studies have shown that CLL cells overexpress lyn kinase protein, and in vitro inhibition of lyn kinase leads to apoptosis of the CLL cells (Contri, J Clin Invest 2005). Because dasatinib has been shown to inhibit lyn kinase in CML cells at concentrations easily achievable in patients, we undertook this phase II study in patients with previously treated CLL/SLL. Methods: Patients were required to be over 18 years of age, have a diagnosis of CLL/SLL by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, and have failed either 1 course of treatment with a fludarabine-containing regimen or 2 non-fludarabine containing regimens. The starting dose of dasatinib was 140 mg daily by mouth. This dose could be reduced to 100 mg or 80 mg daily for toxicity. At baseline all patients had bone marrow biopsies and CT scans, and these were repeated at 2 months. Sequential blood and bone marrow samples were tested for lyn kinase activity. Results: Among the 15 patients enrolled there were 10 male and 5 female subjects with a median age of 59 years (40–78 years). ECOG performance status was 0 in 9 subjects, 1 in 3, and 2 in 3 subjects. All patients had previously received fludarabine, and 5 patients required treatment within 6 months of their last regimen. The median number of prior treatments was 3 (range: 1 to 7). By cytogenetic/FISH analysis there were 5 patients with del(17p) and 6 patients with del(11q). All patients required treatment by NCI–WG criteria. The major toxicity encountered was myelosuppression: grade 3 + 4 neutropenia in 10 subjects, grade 3 + 4 thrombocytopenia in 4 subjects. Gastrointestinal toxicity was minor with only 1 subject experiencing grade 3 diarrhea. Other toxicities: 1 patient had a grade 2 pleural effusion, 1 patient had a transient serum K=9.9 (likely an artifact of high white count and without clinical sequelae), and 1 patient had a transiently prolonged QTc of 516 ms. There were no fatal events, and all toxicities were reversible. The median duration on study was 10 weeks, but 5 responding or stable patients have remained on treatment for over 9 months. Partial responses (PR) by NCI-WG criteria were achieved in 2 of the 15 patients (13% with 90% CI 2%–36%). An additional 2 patients would have qualified for PR (lasting >2 months) except for myelosuppression. Among the remaining 11 patients, 6 had nodal responses (2 CR and 4 PR) by physical exam (PE) without a 50% reduction in lymphocytosis. CT scans confirmed nodal responses in 3 of the 10 patients with nodal responses by PE. The relationship between clinical response and lyn kinase, bcl-2, and mcl-1 expression will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Dasatinib has modest activity in CLL, and combinations with standard agents, perhaps in an intermittent schedule, should be considered in subsequent trials.
Building bridges: the 2006 summer institute

In an effort to broaden participation in computing, the authors have initiated a series of interventions focusing on the recruitment, preparation, and retention of under-represented students in computer science. Their approach is to emphasize the practical side of computing through a series of tracks: business, law, medicine, graphics and multimedia, and robotics and simulation. This paper describes one of those interventions: a summer institute, conducted in 2006, that gives local high school students a taste of what computing is all about.
Social Functioning in Children With or At Risk for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Considerable work has demonstrated significant impairment in social functioning for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The social functioning profiles of children with ADHD are marked by impairments across diverse domains as they tend to experience greater rates of peer rejection, have lower levels of social skills, and have impaired social cognitions. The purpose of this study was to (a) quantitatively examine the association between ADHD and deficits across several domains of social functioning (peer functioning, social skills, social information processing), (b) examine differences in the magnitude of such associations, and (c) examine the effect of potential moderators. A meta-analysis of 109 studies (n = 104,813) revealed that children with ADHD have the most impairment within the peer functioning domain (weighted effect size [ES] r = .33) followed by significantly smaller effects within the social skills (weighted ES r = .27) and social information-processing domains (wei...
Biophysical Characterization of ASAP1

Recent work has introduced a new fluorescent voltage sensor, ASAP1, which can monitor rapid trains of action potentials in cultured neurons. ASAP1 is based on the Gallus gallus voltage sensitive phosphatase (GgVSP) with a circularly permuted GFP placed in the S3-S4 linker. However, many of the biophysical details of this indicator remain unknown. In this work, we study the biophysical properties of ASAP1. Expressing this molecule in Xenopus oocytes and recording fluorescence simultaneously with gating current using the cut-open voltage clamp technique, our studies show that the gating currents of ASAP1 are significantly faster than CiVSP.
Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata)

The subclass Camerata (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) is a major group of Paleozoic crinoids that represents an early divergence in the evolutionary history and morphologic diversification of class Crinoidea, yet phylogenetic relationships among early camerates remain unresolved. This study conducted a series of quantitative phylogenetic analyses using parsimony methods to infer relationships of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera (52 taxa), establish the branching sequence of early camerates, and test the monophyly of traditionally recognized higher taxa, including orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida. The first phylogenetic analysis identified a suitable outroup for rooting the Ordovician camerate tree and assessed affinities of the atypical dicyclic family Reteocrinidae. The second analysis inferred the phylogeny of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera. Inferred phylogenies confirm: (1) the Tremadocian genera Cnemecrinus and Eknomocrinus are sister to the Camerata; (2) as historically defined, orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida do not represent monophyletic groups; (3) with minimal revision, Monobathrida and Diplobathrida can be re-diagnosed to represent monophyletic clades; (4) family Reteocrinidae is more closely related to camerates than to other crinoid groups currently recognized at the subclass level; and (5) several genera in subclass Camerata represent stem taxa that cannot be classified as either true monobathrids or true diplobathrids. The clade containing Monobathrida and Diplobathrida, as recognized herein, is termed Eucamerata to distinguish its constituent taxa from more basally positioned taxa, termed stem eucamerates. The results of this study provide a phylogenetic framework for revising camerate classification, elucidating patterns of morphologic evolution, and informing outgroup selection for future phylogenetic analyses of post-Ordovician camerates.
Clinical applications of colony-stimulating factors.

Abstract There are at least four known human colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) which can stimulate proliferation of specific types of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo: IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF. In animal studies and preliminary human trials, at least two of these CSFs have been shown to accelerate granulocyte recovery following cytotoxic chemotherapy. The CSFs may ultimately have far-reaching effects on the practice of oncology, permitting higher doses of cytotoxic drugs and radiation, allowing design of more aggressive drug schedules, decreasing infectious complications and hospital stays, and diminishing the morbidity of marrow transplantation. The author describes the functions, cellular sources, and potential uses of the colony-stimulating factors.
Which Desires Are Relevant to Well-Being?

The desire-satisfaction theory of well-being says, in its simplest form, that a person's level of welfare is determined by the extent to which their desires are satisfied. A question faced by anyone attracted to such a view is, Which desires? This paper proposes a new answer to this question by characterizing a distinction among desires that isn't much discussed in the well-being literature. This is the distinction between what a person wants in a merely behavioral sense, in that the person is, for some reason or other, disposed to act so as to try to get it, and what a person wants in a more robust sense, the sense of being genuinely attracted to the thing. I try to make this distinction more clear, and I argue for its axiological relevance by putting it to work in solving four problem cases for desire satisfactionism. The theory defended holds that only desires in the latter, genuine-attraction sense are relevant to welfare.
Severed Linkages: Distorted Accountability in Uneven Regimes:

Though a general consensus exists regarding the significance of perceived performance in voters’ evaluations of incumbent governments, much of the research underlying this consensus has been carrie...
Ethiopian female domestic workers in the Middle East and Gulf States: an introduction

In a video shot outside by an anonymous bystander very close to the Ethiopian Consulate in Beirut, Lebanon on February 2012, a 33-year-old Ethiopian female domestic worker was savagely beaten and v...
The Cholinergic Basis of Memory — A Reappraisal

Research conducted during the last two decades has increasingly supported the impression that a deficit in the cholinergic neurotransmitter system of the brain plays an important role in the memory and cognitive impairments accompanying aging. The basis of the cholinergic mechanisms affecting memory have been extensively reviewed in the papers by Drachman and Leavitt (1974); Drachman (1977); Sitaram, Weingartner and Gillin (1979a, b, 1982 etc.); Davis and Yamamura (1978); Corkin (1981), and Bartus et al. (1982). Interference in the cholinergic transmission by scopolamine, produces cognitive deficits similar to that seen in normal aging (Drachman and Leavitt, 1974). This “scopolamine dementia” is characterized by major interference with memory acquisition (encoding) with relative sparing in the retrieval of already acquired information. The magnitude of evidence pointing towards a cholinergic deficiency in Senile Dementia Alzheimer’s Type (SDAT) makes a pertinent analogy to Parkinson’s disease. The deficiency of striatal dopamine in Parkinsonism is secondary to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
Is Technology-Mediated Parental Monitoring Related to Adolescent Substance Use?

ABSTRACTBackground: Prevention researchers have identified parental monitoring leading to parental knowledge to be a protective factor against adolescent substance use. In today's digital society, parental monitoring can occur using technology-mediated communication methods, such as text messaging, email, and social networking sites. Objectives: The current study aimed to identify patterns, or clusters, of in-person and technology-mediated monitoring behaviors, and examine differences between the patterns (clusters) in adolescent substance use. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 289 parents of adolescents using Facebook and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Cluster analyses were computed to identify patterns of in-person and technology-mediated monitoring behaviors, and chi-square analyses were computed to examine differences in substance use between the identified clusters. Results: Three monitoring clusters were identified: a moderate in-person and moderate technology-mediated monito...
Ubiquitous instabilities of dust moving in magnetized gas

Squire & Hopkins showed that coupled dust–gas mixtures are generically subject to ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDIs), which drive violently growing fluctuations in both. But the role of magnetic fields and charged dust has not yet been studied. We therefore explore the RDI in gas that obeys ideal MHD and is coupled to dust via both Lorentz forces and drag, with an external acceleration (e.g. gravity, radiation) driving dust drift through gas. We show this is always unstable, at all wavelengths and non-zero values of dust-to-gas ratio, drift velocity, dust charge, ‘stopping time’ or drag coefficient (for any drag law), or field strength; moreover, growth rates depend only weakly (sub-linearly) on these parameters. Dust charge and magnetic fields do not suppress instabilities, but give rise to a large number of new instability ‘families,’ each with distinct behavior. The ‘MHD-wave’ (magnetosonic or Alfven) RDIs exhibit maximal growth along ‘resonant’ angles where the modes have a phase velocity matching the corresponding MHD wave, and growth rates increase without limit with wavenumber. The ‘gyro’ RDIs are driven by resonances between drift and Larmor frequencies, giving growth rates sharply peaked at specific wavelengths. Other instabilities include ‘acoustic’ and ‘pressure-free’ modes (previously studied), and a family akin to cosmic ray instabilities that appear when Lorentz forces are strong and dust streams super-Alfvenically along field lines. We discuss astrophysical applications in the warm ISM, circum-galactic medium/inter-galactic medium (CGM/IGM), H II regions, SNe ejecta/remnants, Solar corona, cool-star winds, GMCs, and AGN.
Pragmatic Use of Kidney Function Estimates for Drug Dosing: The Tide Is Turning

Creatinine clearance has been the most common method of estimating kidney function for the purpose of drug dosing for decades. The availability and extensive clinical use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) now provides clinicians a potential alternative. Currently, data demonstrating the validity of eGFR-based drug dosing is limited, but proof of principle has been established and the tide related to use of eGFR for drug dosing appears to be turning. Use of the same kidney function estimate for management of kidney disease, drug development and dosing, and harmonization in all clinical arenas would be ideal. Use of multiple equations can lead to differences in kidney function estimates and corresponding drug dosing regimens, which necessitates clinical judgment and a pragmatic approach when rendering drug dosing decisions. Careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio of individual drugs and dosing regimens within each patient is warranted. Going forward, FDA guidance will likely incentivize pharmaceutical manufacturers to generate eGFR-based dosing recommendations in addition to creatinine clearance for inclusion in the label of newly approved drugs. However, dosing information for currently approved drugs will continue to be based on creatinine clearance alone, so clinicians must be vigilant in the assessment of kidney function in order to provide optimal pharmacotherapy.
Vibrational and Nonadiabatic Coherence in 2D Electronic Spectroscopy, the Jahn-Teller Effect, and Energy Transfer.

Femtosecond two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform spectroscopy generates and probes several types of coherence that characterize the couplings between vibrational and electronic motions. These cou...
Unraveling the Role of Dopamine Receptors In Vivo: Lessons from Knockout Mice

Dopamine exerts its action through membrane receptors that belong to the seven transmembrane domains (7TM) G protein-coupled receptor family. The dopamine receptor family is composed of five members, which have been divided into two subgroups: the D1-like family, which contains the D1 receptor (D1R) and D5R, and the D2-like family containing D2R, D3R, and D4R. This subdivision is based on pharmacological, biochemical, and structural properties. Nevertheless, the close pharmacological properties together with the common anatomical site of expression of these receptors have induced the interest for generating animal models with which to assess the function of each individual dopamine receptor in vivo. To date, there exist mutants for all five receptors, in particular using the knockout technology each dopamine receptor has been independently knocked out. In this chapter we will summarize major findings related to the contribution of each dopamine receptor in the control of physiological functions regulated by dopamine. Analyses of these mutants clearly show a preponderant role for dopamine D1R and D2R receptors in most dopamine-mediated effects. At the same time these mutants are also revealing more hidden functions for D3R, D4R, and D5R very likely in the modulation of D1R- and D2R-mediated signaling.
Femtosecond Lasers for Optical Clocks and Low Noise Frequency Synthesis

In the late 1990’s mode-locked femtosecond lasers were introduced as an important new tool for the synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies. The simplicity, robustness and improved precision of femtosecond lasers have now led to their prominence in the field of optical frequency metrology. In addition, their use is developing significant new time-domain applications based on the precise control of the carrier-envelope phase. It is anticipated that narrow linewidth lasers referenced to optical transitions in atoms and ions will soon be the best electromagnetic frequency references of any kind, with projected fractional frequency instability below 1×10−15τ−1/2 and uncertainties approaching 1×10−18. When used in conjunction with such ultraprecise frequency standards, the femtosecond laser serves as a broadband synthesizer that phase coherently converts the input optical frequency to an array of optical frequencies spanning hundreds of terahertz and to countable microwave frequencies. The excess fractional frequency noise introduced in the synthesis process can approach the level of 1×10−19.
A finite hyperplane traversal Algorithm for 1-dimensional $$L^1pTV$$L1pTV minimization, for $$0<p\le 1$$0<p≤1

In this paper, we consider a discrete formulation of the one-dimensional $$L^1pTV$$L1pTV functional and introduce a finite algorithm that finds exact minimizers of this functional for $$0
Cardiac-specific knockout of Lmod2 results in a severe reduction in myofilament force production and rapid cardiac failure

Leiomodin-2 (Lmod2) is a striated muscle-specific actin binding protein that is implicated in assembly of thin filaments. The necessity of Lmod2 in the adult mouse and role it plays in the mechanics of contraction are unknown. To answer these questions, we generated cardiac-specific conditional Lmod2 knockout mice (cKO). These mice die within a week of induction of the knockout with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and little change in cardiac morphology. Cardiac trabeculae isolated from cKO mice have a significant decrease in maximum force production and a blunting of myofilament length-dependent activation. Thin filaments are non-uniform and substantially reduced in length in cKO hearts, affecting the functional overlap of the thick and thin filaments. Remarkably, we also found that Lmod2 levels are directly linked to thin filament length and cardiac function in vivo, with a low amount (<20%) of Lmod2 necessary to maintain cardiac function. Thus, Lmod2 plays an essential role in maintaining proper cardiac thin filament length in adult mice, which in turn is necessary for proper generation of contractile force. Dysregulation of thin filament length in the absence of Lmod2 contributes to heart failure.
Livestock riparian guidelines may not promote woody species recovery where wild ungulate populations are high

Abstract Stubble height, streambank alteration, and woody species use are indicators used to monitor livestock impacts on riparian areas in the western United States. Effects of wild ungulates on riparian conditions are often not monitored and assumed to be represented by indicators developed for livestock. We tested this assumption by evaluating effects of elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) on grazing indicators along Meadow Creek, a salmonid-bearing stream in northeastern Oregon. Wild ungulates reduced stubble height by 20% to 30%. Mean streambank alteration was 1.1% (ranged from 0.3–8%). Woody species use was negatively related to stubble height and positively related to streambank alteration (P 50%). Adherence to guidelines developed for livestock may not result in desired riparian conditions where wild ungulate populations are high.
Intellectual Property Law and Geography

This chapter explores the various facets of the “law and geography” research prism, notes the existing research avenues, and suggests potential future research avenues in “IP law and geography” that will or could enrich an understanding of IP law and policy, geography, and the intersection of both.
Hungry for motion: the senses propel predation.

How to know when to hunt or when to lay low? Surprisingly, new research shows that activity in the medial zona incerta specifically initiates predation in the mouse. The medial zona incerta integrates visual motion and tactile stimulation sent from the intermediate superior colliculus to motivate hunting.
Bringing on the itch

Neutrophils are the first immune cells that enter the skin and cause itch in atopic dermatitis.
Adaptation of extracellular matrix to massive small bowel resection in mice.

Abstract Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) affects cell behavior, and vice versa. How ECM changes after small bowel resection (SBR) to support adaptive cellular processes has not been described. Here we characterize changes in ECM following SBR and integrate this with concomitant transcriptional perturbations. Methods A 50% proximal SBR or sham surgery was performed on mice. On postoperative day 7, ileal tissue was sequentially depleted of protein components to generate an ECM-enriched fraction. ECM was analyzed for protein composition using mass spectrometry with subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify predicted pathways and upstream regulators. qPCR and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) were performed to corroborate these predicted pathways. Results 3034 proteins were differentially regulated between sham and SBR, of which 95 were significant (P Conclusion Transcriptional signatures of adapting bowel predict subsequent ECM changes after SBR. How ECM communicates with surrounding cells to drive adaptation and vice versa merits further investigation. Our findings thus far suggest ECM supports tissue hyperplasia and altered metabolic demand following SBR. Level of evidence
Disaster-Induced Displacement: Effects on Destination Housing Prices

Hurricane Katrina displaced more United States residents than any disaster since the Dust Bowl. Approximately 1 in 5 New Orleans residents relocated to Texas, moving from a majority Black city to places in which no group predominates. The arrival of Katrina survivors led to documented changes in local schools and labor markets; the Katrina diaspora’s effect on housing markets, however, remains understudied. What effect should we expect? In-migration constitutes an increase in demand, pushing prices up—but existing residents may have a preference for segregation, leading them to decrease their own demand for affected neighborhoods. In this paper, we assess the effect of large flows of Katrina survivors from New Orleans on housing prices in Texas neighborhoods. Recognizing that associations could reflect selection on the part of survivors, who might be attracted to neighborhoods with declining prices, we construct an instrument for survivor in-flows using the destinations of pre-Katrina movers. We find that neighborhoods with larger inflows of survivors see slower house price growth, even after controlling for neighborhood characteristics and differences between cities. The house price effect is persistent: five years after Hurricane Katrina, we estimate that the neighborhoods receiving the largest in-flows of displaced people saw approximately 7.5% lower housing price growth in comparison with similar neighborhoods where no survivors relocated. Finally, we show that effects are concentrated in places that received economically disadvantaged movers or movers from predominantly Black neighborhoods of New Orleans. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that existing residents have a demand for segregation vis-a-vis Katrina survivors. As climate change makes large disaster-induced population flows increasingly common, there is a critical need for further research on how to ameliorate the costs of these large relocations, both for the individuals who must relocate and for the places in which they resettle.
Introducing Programming Concepts via A Social History of Computing

Introducing programming concepts to a broad audience is critical both as an entry point for wider computer science participation and for exposure and technical literacy at an introductory undergraduate level. A historical perspective on the field of computing offers opportunities to reveal and explore technical concepts alongside critical discussions on who does the work of computing. We propose an introductory seminar course that incorporates entry-level programming assignments into a social history of computing. The course engages students in critical discussion of the themes, history, and ongoing implications of computing and technology while delving into technical detail about basic logic, programming languages, and the structure of modern computing systems.
P016. Evaluating the Efficacy of Focused Nurse Practitioner Visits on Heart Failure Outcomes Among Patients Enrolled in the Program for All-Inclusive Care of the Elderly (PACE): A Quality Improvement Project

Background Symptom management in heart failure (HF) is the cornerstone to improve outcomes in this complex population. Rehospitalization rates due to HF sequelae are high and symptom management remains an ongoing issue. Focused Nurse Practitioner (NP) visits with evidence-based patient education will enhance engagement and self-care management of HF. Ultimately, this will improve HF outcomes for participants in the PACE program. Purpose The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the efficacy of focused NP visits on improving HF related outcomes among participants of the PACE program in western Florida. Methods The project was based on the Information, Motivation, Behavioral skills theoretical model with patient engagement as the key mediator to achieve improved HF self-management. The NP saw each participant twice. The first visit established baseline data through questionnaires. The second visit was to discuss the evidence-based HF patient education booklet created by this author and complete the post-intervention questionnaires. Table 1 describes the outcome measures and instruments used. The outcomes evaluated included HF knowledge, quality of life, HF self-care and symptom burden, demographic data, medical history, and clinical variables. The questionnaires used included the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), the Atlanta HF Knowledge Test (AHFKT), the Self-Care of HF Index questionnaire (SCHFI), the Symptom Status Questionnaire - Heart Failure (SSQ-HF). Results The results for the AHFKT were statistically significant (p = .037) indicating the evidence-based education provided was effective. The self-efficacy and knowledge portion of the KCCQ was statistically significant (p = .047) indicating the education and focused NP visits increased participant knowledge and ability to effectively manage their HF. The result of the AHFKT surmises the evidence-based education provided was effective, which is supported by the results from the KCCQ on knowledge and self-efficacy. In evaluation of the symptom severity questions, it was determined that participants were more self-aware of their HF symptoms after the HF education, thus providing responses to the KCCQ that showed an inverse relationship. Conclusion The clinical implications for this practice change indicates the evidence-based education booklet is an effective tool in the management of HF when combined with focused NP visits. The NP visits showed improved outcomes and would be beneficial to HF patients ongoing. In terms of sustainability, the evidence-based education booklet has been adopted for all HF patients.
Chapter 31 Trade, Peace and Democracy: An Analysis of Dyadic Dispute

Abstract At least since 1750 when Baron de Montesquieu declared “peace is the natural effect of trade,” a number of economists and political scientists espoused the notion that trade among nations leads to peace. Employing resources more efficiently to produce some commodities rather than others is the foundation for comparative advantage. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations' gains from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu's assertion regarding dyadic dispute. This chapter develops an analytical framework showing that higher gains from trade between two trading partners (dyads) lowers the level of conflict between them. It describes data necessary to test this hypothesis, and it outlines current developments and extensions taking place in the resulting trade–conflict literature. Cross-sectional evidence using various data on political interactions confirms that trading nations cooperate more and fight less. A doubling of trade leads to a 20% diminution of belligerence. This result is robust under various specifications, and it is upheld when adjusting for causality using cross-section and time-series techniques. Further, the impact of trade is strengthened when bilateral import demand elasticities are incorporated to better measure gains from trade. Because democratic dyads trade more than non-democratic dyads, democracies cooperate with each other relatively more, thereby explaining the “democratic peace” that democracies rarely fight each other. The chapter then goes on to examine further extensions of the trade–conflict model regarding specific commodity trade, foreign direct investment, tariffs, foreign aid, country contiguity, and multilateral interactions.
Socioeconomic disparities in brain metastasis survival and treatment: a population-based study.

Introduction In the present study, we utilized a validated socioeconomic status (SES) index and population-based registry to identify and quantify the impact of SES on access to treatment and overall survival for patients diagnosed with synchronous brain metastases (BM). Methods The SEER was used to extract all patients between 2010 and 2016 with BM at initial presentation. SES was stratified into tertiles and quintiles using the validated Yost index. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate the impact of demographic, tumor, and socioeconomic covariates on receipt of radio- and chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival. Results Between 2010-2016, 35,595 patients presented with brain metastases at the time of primary cancer diagnosis. Most patients received radiation and/or chemotherapy as part of the initial course of their treatment; 71.6% (n=25,484) were irradiated while 54.4% (n=19,371) received chemotherapy and 44.9% (n=15,984) received chemoradiation. Patients in the highest Yost tertile and quintile experienced longer overall survival (p Conclusions In a large, population-based analysis of brain metastasis patients, we found significant differences in treatment access and mild survival differences along socioeconomic strata. More specifically, patients in lower SES tiers suffered worse outcomes and received radiation and chemotherapy less frequently than patients in higher tiers, even after accounting for other tumor- and demographic-related information.
Mentor Teacher Training: A Hybrid Model to Promote Partnering in Candidate Development

In order to promote high quality clinical experiences for teacher candidates, one of the recent changes to educator preparation accreditation standards specifically targeted clinical faculty qualif...
Parking access system based on face recognition

The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people's identity. Using the human face as a key to security, biometric face recognition technology has received significant attention. Face recognition technology, is very popular and it is used more widely because it does not require any kind of physical contact between the users and the device. Camera scans the user face and match it to a database for verification. Furthermore, it is easy to install and does not require any expensive hardware. Facial recognition technology is used widely in a variety of security systems such as physical access control or computer user accounts. In this paper, we present an access control vehicle system to the park based on camera installed at theparking entry. First, we use the nonadaptive method to detect the moving object, and we propose an algorithm to detect and recognize the face of the driver who wants to enter to the parking and verify if he is allowed. We use Viola-Jones method for face detection and we propose a new technique based on PCA, and LDA algorithm for face recognition.
Geopolítica de la sensibilidad y del conocimiento. Sobre (de) colonialidad, pensamiento fronterizo y desobediencia epistémica.

En estas reflexiones se argumenta la necesidad de analizar la geopolitica del sentir, pensar y conocer. Para ello se asume, desengancharse de la concepcion universalista del conocimiento. Se tiene que aceptar que el conocimiento construido por la modernidad y eurocentrismo (desde el Renacimiento) es el conocimiento europeo nativo o indigena (si, los europeos son indigenas tambien, no vienen de la luna) que se universalizo con el respaldo exigente en materia economica del capitalismo y su proyecto politico expansionista de Estado-Nacion. Hoy estamos presenciando el cierre del ciclo de 500 anos del eurocentrismo, y esa situacion ha generado tres trayectorias que coexisten y coexistiran quizas a lo largo del siglo XXI: la desoccidentalizacion politica y economica que se asento en la desobediencia epistemica, politica-economica de Singapur y China: capitalismo si, neoliberalismo no, es decir, capitalismo con Estado fuerte; la reoccidentalizacion, la respuesta del gobierno de Barack Obama por mantener el liderazgo occidental en crisis, el caso reciente de Siria es a la vez un ejemplo del proyecto de reoccidentalizacion de Obama como de la fuerza de la desoccidentalizacion de Vladimir Putin proponiendo la paz y deteniendo el proyecto de guerra y finalmente; la decolonialidad que significa el desenganche de la matriz colonial de poder, en todos sus dimensiones. La decolonialidad no es un proyecto de estado sino un conjunto de proyectos de la sociedad politica global emergente, que no deben confundirse con la politizacion de la sociedad civil (indignados, manifestaciones en Brasil y Turquia).
The galactic distribution of molecules (A CO survey)

The J = 1 → 0 emission of CO has been surveyed in the galactic plane between l = -10° and +90° with a 1′ beam sampling every degree. Molecular clouds emitting in the CO line are plentiful over the inner region of the galaxy. Their greatest number occurs in the galactic nucleus and at a radius of 5.5 kpc — a distribution similar to radio H II regions but very different from that previously derived for atomic hydrogen. The total mass in molecular clouds is found to be 1 → 3 109 M⊙, and each typically has 105 M⊙, an average density of 500 cm−3, and a temperature of 7°K. These results suggest that most of the interstellar medium in the interior of the galaxy is molecular H2.
A new approach to GPS integrity monitoring using prior probability models and optimal threshold search

Current methods for GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring are limited by the assumptions they make. Using published studies of navigation system reliability, this paper develops a prior probability model for spacecraft and receiver anomalies based on non-ideal failure models and the uncertainty present in their failure distribution parameters. With this model, the thresholds for a residuals test statistic are found to optimize an arbitrary objective function based on relative costs for false alarm and missed detection errors. The outputs of Monte Carlo simulations allow thresholds to be computed for each geometry case using trial-and-error optimization. The simulation outputs suggest that the assumptions of traditional RAIM may be partially invalid. These results are useful for both snapshot RAIM tests as well as multi-step integrity algorithms which use Bayesian updating to generate posterior failure probabilities. Multi-step algorithms may be a valuable addition to the future GIC integrity structure. >
Plasma lipid alterations in African-American women with breast cancer

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, stage of disease and breast cancer risk in African-American women. The study population comprised 163 African-American women: patients (n= 58) and controls (n= 105), with mean ages of 57.2 years and 47.7 years respectively. Approximately 71% and 56% of the women with breast cancer and the control population, respectively, were postmenopausal. Those with cancer had significantly higher education levels, P≤ 0.01, and higher triglyceride levels compared to the controls, P≤ 0.001, but lower body mass index (BMI) levels, P≤ 0.01. There were no statistically significant differences observed in total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein-containing cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein-containing cholesterol between the patients and controls. After adjustments for age, education, BMI, and menopausal status, triglycerides remained significantly and positively associated with breast cancer risk. The significant correlation between the high levels of triglycerides and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 5.12) may be attributed to differences in lipid metabolism between the women with breast cancer and controls, or to the consequences of breast cancer.
Women's history: a study in continuity and change

Abstract In this response to Bridget Hill's viewpoint published inWomen's History Review, 2, pp. 5-22, Judith Bennett argues that her position is more subtle and more nuanced than Hill's critique would suggest. Bennett defends the historiographical importance of re-assessing the place of continuity in women's history; she emphasizes the legitimate place of generalization in women's history; and she argues that patriarchy is a critical subject of investigation for feminist historians.
College Students' Perceptions of Intimate Partner Cyber Harassment.

Abstract Little is known about cyber harassment in general, and in order to understand more about online harassment among intimate partners, it is important to examine people's perceptions of this new form of aggression. Using Johnson's typology of relationship violence as a guiding framework, the role of technology in partner violence was explored using data from five focus group interviews. Six themes emerged from the analyses, four of which revealed that this partner violence typology accounted for the aggressive use of technology in dating relationships. The remaining themes centered on the ways in which online harassment differs from offline violence. These findings have important theoretical implications and may inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
Process Analysis of Injury Situations: A Complement to Epidemiological Methods

Process analysis provides a way to analyze the antecedents, stages of response, and consequences of injury-risk situations. It may aid scientists in conceptualizing these situations and provide additional methods of assessing intervention strategies. Examples of such an assessment system and a discussion of its advantages are presented. Language: en
Adiabatic-connection approach to Kohn-Sham theory

The Kohn-Sham method for energy calculation in inhomogeneous electron systems relies on a comparison of functionals describing interacting and noninteracting electrons. An alternate approach draws the link between interacting and noninteracting systems explicitly, via an adiabatic connection of eigenstates. This adiabatic-connection scheme eliminates the "Fermi-statistics" problem and provides partial answers to some other conceptual difficulties that arise when the Kohn-Sham method is applied in practice. In addition, dimensional arguments can be given that justify the use of local-density approximations for exchange and correlation within the adiabatic connection framework. These arguments do not involve a "slowly varying" assumption and are valid for any system, however inhomogeneous.
Serotonin Syndrome Caused by Fentanyl and Methadone in a Burn Injury

Serotonin syndrome is a syndrome identified by a triad of altered mental status, neuromuscular overactivity, and autonomic instability caused by the overstimulation of serotonin in the central nervous system and periphery. Serotonin syndrome may be provoked with the addition or increase in serotonergic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as well as other agents with serotonergic properties. Some narcotics, including fentanyl and methadone, have these properties and may be associated with the development of serotonin syndrome when used in conjunction with other agents. Currently, there are no identified case reports of narcotics as the sole agent causing serotonin syndrome. This report provides a brief overview of serotonin syndrome, particularly with cases involving administration of narcotics such as fentanyl and methadone. The case described is the first report associated with fentanyl and methadone without the coadministration of other serotonergic agents, and a possible drug interaction with voriconazole is discussed. This raises awareness of using multiple serotonergic narcotics and the potential precipitation of serotonin syndrome.
An exercise in high level language architecture design

The semantic gap that separates programming languages from the machines on which programs are run, often resulting in poor execution efficiency, has become more of a problem with the advent of Ada, languages for artificial intelligence programming, and even Pascal-like and C-like languages, prompting research into the design of special-purpose, high-level-language-directed computer architectures. Some of the techniques used in the development of these architectures are surveyed. A base special-purpose architecture for Lisp is developed on the basis of the observed empirical properties of typical Lisp program execution. >
Primary Care Physician Visit Continuity: A Comparison of Patient-reported and Administratively Derived Measures

Background Studies find that primary care physician (PCP) visit continuity is positively associated with care quality. Some of the evidence base, however, relies on patient-reported continuity measures, which may be subject to response bias.
Manipulating Stem Number, Tuber Set, and Yield Relationships for Northern- and Southern-Grown Potato Seed Lots

The ability to predict tuber set and size development for a particular lot of seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) would facilitate the development of techniques for optimizing tuber grade. Toward this goal, stem number, tuber set, yield, and grade relationships were manipulated and modeled for northern- (Alberta, Canada) and southern-grown (Montana and Washington) Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank seed potatoes. Seed-tubers with a range in apical dominance were produced by varying the temperature (aging) at the beginning of a 200-d storage period. Seed source affected stem numbers, tuber set, and size, with southern seed producing more but smaller tubers than northern seed; however, seed source had no effect on total and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields. Tuber set and size distributions were highly correlated with stem numbers, the latter increasing substantially when storage degree days were held constant but temperature was increased. Changes in tuber size distribution with increasing stems occurred with relatively little effect on total, U.S. No. 1, and marketable tuber yields. Therefore, in a long growing season area like the Columbia Basin, adding heat units to seed at the beginning of storage effectively alters tuber size distribution. The differential behavior of these seed sources, along with the ability to predict tuber set and size from mainstem numbers, provides an opportunity to adjust agronomic practices to optimize yield for specific markets.
Art and Its Publics: Museum Studies at the Millennium: Andrew McClellan, ed.

New Interventions in Art History 2. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. 213 pages. Paperback, $24.95.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet in the diurnal rodent Octodon degus: Retinal projections and immunocytochemical characterization

The neural connections and neurotransmitter content of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet have been characterized thoroughly in only a few mammalian species, primarily nocturnal rodents. Few data are available about the neural circadian timing system in diurnal mammals, particularly those for which the formal characteristics of circadian rhythms have been investigated. This paper describes the circadian timing system in the diurnal rodent Octodon degus, a species that manifests robust circadian responses to photic and non-photic (social) zeitgebers. Specifically, this report details: (i) the distribution of six neurotransmitters commonly found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet; (ii) the retinohypothalamic tract; (iii) the geniculohypothalamic tract; and (iv) retinogeniculate projections in O. degus. Using immunocytochemistry, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive, serotonin-immunoreactive and [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals were detected in and around the suprachiasmatic nucleus; vasopressin-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the dorsomedial and ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus; [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive cells were located sparsely throughout the suprachiasmatic nucleus; and substance P-immunoreactive fibers and terminals were detected in the rostral suprachiasmatic nucleus and surrounding the nucleus throughout its rostrocaudal dimension. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive and [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, as were neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive, [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive, serotonin-immunoreactive and substance P-immunoreactive fibers and terminals. The retinohypothalamic tract innervated both suprachiasmatic nuclei equally; in contrast, retinal innervation to the lateral geniculate nucleus, including the intergeniculate leaflet, was almost exclusively contralateral. Bilateral electrolytic lesions that destroyed the intergeniculate leaflet depleted the suprachiasmatic nucleus of virtually all neuropeptide Y- and [Met]enkephalin-stained fibers and terminals, whereas unilateral lesions reduced fiber and terminal staining by approximately half. Thus, [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive cells project equally and bilaterally from the intergeniculate leaflet to the suprachiasmatic nucleus via the geniculohypothalamic tract in degus. This is the first report examining the neural circadian system in a diurnal rodent for which formal circadian properties have been described. The data indicate that the neural organization of the circadian timing system in degus resembles that of the most commonly studied nocturnal rodents, golden hamsters and rats. Armed with such data, one can ascertain differences in the functional organization of the circadian system between diurnal and nocturnal mammals.